LIBRARY  OF  THE 

UNIVERSITY  OF  ILLINOIS 

AT  URBANA-CHAMPAICN 


977.352 
H62 


I.H.S  . 


PEOR  I  A. 


The  History 


/T-i' 


PEORIA  COUNTY 


ILLINOIS. 


CONTAINING 


A  HISTORY  OF  THE    NORTHWEST  —  HISTORY    OF    ILLINOIS  —  HISTORY  OF  THE   COUNTY 
ITS    EARLY   SETTLEMENT,    GROWTH,    DEVELOPMENT,    RESOURCES,    ETC.,    ETC.— A 
SKETCH  OF  ITS  CITIES  AND  TOWNS,  THEIR    IMPROVEMENTS,  INDUSTRIES, 
MANUFACTORIES,  CHURCHES,  SCHOOLS,  ETC.,  ETC.— A  WAR    RECORD 
OF   ITS  VOLUNTEERS    IN   THE    LATE    REBELLION  —  GENERAL 
AND  LOCAL  STATISTICS  —  BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES  — 
PORTRAITS   OF    EARLY    SETTLERS    AND    PROMI- 
NENT MEN— MAP  OF  PEORIA   COUNTY- 
CONSTITUTION    OF    THE    UNITED 
STATES  —  MISCELLANEOUS 
MATTERS  —  TABLES, 
ETC.,  ETC. 


ILLUSTRATED. 


CHICAGO: 

JOHNSON    &    COMPANY. 
1880. 


Enterku  according  to  Act  op  Congrrs<:,  in  thi  year  1880,  bv 

JOHNSON    &  COMPANV. 

In  the  Office  of  the  Lii;rarian  ok  CoNnKKss.  WAsiiisirroN.  n.  C. 


DON  N  El.  LEV 


(    •    LOYU, 


DONOHUE  •    IIENNKKERRV, 
BINDERS. 


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PREFACE. 


A  sage  has  truly  said  "Of  the  making  of  books  there  is  no  end."  And  it  is  well,  for 
though  in  literature,  as  in  society,  the  wheat  and  the  chaff  are  intermingled  in  promiscuous 
confusion,  and  careful  selection  and  winnowing  are  necessary  to  obtain  the  pure  bread  of  life, 
yet  the  "  survival  of  the  fittest  obtains,"  and  upon  the  bookshelves  of  the  world's  libraries  lie  the 
crystallized  brain  and  deeds  of  the  centuries.  It  is  the  province  of  the  historian  to  gather  up  the 
records  of  the  onward  march  of  human  progress,  and  through  the  "  art  preservative"  transmit 
(  them,  condensed  in  convenient  form  for  future  use,  to  the  coming  ages.  "History  is  a  faith- 
ful  narration  of  facts  of  yesterday,  registered  upon  tune  s  leaf  of  to-day,  to  be  turned  over  to- 
morrow." 

In  the   incipient    stages    of  settlement  in  all  countries,  when  civilization  is  in  its  birth 
throes,  existence  is  little  else  but  a  struggle  for  food  and  raiment  and  shelter.     The  heroes  who 
brave  the  dangers  and  hardships  of  frontier  life  little  conceive,  while  they  are   waging  the  un- 
even contest  with  Nature  in   sowing  the  seed  of  a  mighty  nation   or  commonwealth,    that   the 
In        commonplace   every  day  transactions  of  their  lives  will  to  their  great    grandchildren  be  matters 
"^        of  transcendant    import,  as   drops    forming   the    rivulet    upon    which  their   ancestral  barques 
floated  down  the  ever  swelling  stream  of  time  toward  an  unfathomable  eternity.     And  did  those 
L         conquerors  of  the  wilderness  and  its  hordes  of  primeval  inhabitants,  the  wild    beasts  and  wilder- 
t        men,  understand  the  value  of  their  acts  to  future  generations ;  their  brawny  hands  are  wont  to 
_b         wield  the  ax  and  the  plow  rather  than  the  pen.     Thus  the  years  that  witness  the  early  improve- 
ments of  any  country  march  silently  into  the  sepulcher  of  the  entombed  cycles  of  the   past  with 
r^         their  events  unregistered,  save  as  they  linger  in  the  memories  of  the  participants.     By    and  by, 
£5.         when  the  haunts  of  the  savage  have  been  converted  into  fields  of  golden  grain ;  his  wigwam  has 

r  given  place  to  the  stately  mansion  ;  the  bark  canoe  to  the  floating  steam  palace,  and  transporta- 
tion and  traffic  lifted,  by  wings  of  steam  and  electricity,  from  the  back  of  the  red  man's 
pony,  then  the  grandchildren  of  those  patriarchs  open  their  eyes  in  wonder  at  the  marvelous 
'^  changes  wrought,  and  inquire  wherefore }  It  is  then  the  historian  steps  upon  the  scene  and 
^  endeavors  to  rescue  from  oblivion  the  pioneers  and  their  labors  which  have  made  the  "wilder- 
Y  ness  blossom  as  the  rose."     His  task  is  neither  an  easy   nor  enviable    one.     To    gather    up    the 

scattered  fragments  and  forge  them  into  a  continuous,  harmonious  narrative   with  no    "missing 
I         link   "  requires   much  careful   research  and   arduous  labor. 

3  Two  hundred  and  seven  years  will  have  elapsed  on  the  25th  of  this  coming  June   since 

''  the  Territory  now  embraced  within  the  boundaries  of  Peoria  county  was  first  visited  by  white 

man ;  a  century  has  intervened  since  the  French  colony  was  planted  on  the  site  of  Peoria  City, 

-79J 


4  PREFACE. 

and  more  than  three  score  years  have  passed  since  the  first  American  settlement  was  made. 
In  the  absence  of  any  diary  of  consecutive  events  and  incidents,  an  eflbri  to  resurrect  and 
embody  all  the  matters  of  historical  interest  must  of  necessity  be  attended  with  great  difficulty. 
Many  months  of  zealous  labor  have  been  devoted  to  this  end,  culminating  in  this  volume,  and 
the  publishers  hope  and  confidently  believe  this  History  will  be  found  comparatively  free  from 
errors,  and  containing  much  that  will  render  it  highly  prized  as  a  reference  book  and  a  keep- 
sake to  the  inhabitants  of  Peoria  county. 

The  State  and  Territorial  History  was  revised  and  a  considerable  portion  of  it  written 
especially  for  this  volume.  The  abstracts  of  State  Laws  were  prepared  by  one  of  Peoria's 
leading  Attorneys  for  the  book,  with  great  care  and  labor,  and  will  be  found  reliable  and  useful 
to  the  farmer  and  business  man.  The  War  Record  is  a  feature  upon  which  considerable  work 
was  expended,  and  will  prove  an  heirloom  to  the  friends  of  the  boys  who  fought  in  blue.  No 
pains  have  been  spared  in  the  compilation  of  the  History  of  Peoria  county  and  City  to  have  it 
embody  a  comprehensive  narrative  of  the  establishment,  growth  and  present  status  of  the  multi- 
tudinous financial,  social  and  religious  enterprises  of  this  great  commonwealth.  The  aim  has 
been  in  the  biographical  feature  to  avoid  fulsome  eulogium,  and  present  a  plain  condensed 
statement  of  facts. 

The  publishers  tender  their  grateful  acknowledgements  and  heartfelt  thanks  to  the 
friends,  too  numerous  to  name,  who  have  in  many  ways  aided  and  encouraged  the  progress  and 
completion  of  the  enterprise.  Most  loy.iUy  and  generously  have  the  representative  men  and 
women  of  the  county  and  city,  responded  when  solicited  for  facts  and  data  necessary  to  cm- 
body  in  the  History;  and  to  them,  including  the  members  of  the  Press,  and  the  patrons  who 
have  given  it  substantial  encouragement,  and  to  their  posterity  the  work  is  respectfully  dedicated 
by  the  Publishers,  JOHNSON  &  CO. 


CONTENTS. 


PART    I.— NORTHWESTERN    HISTORY. 


Chapter  I. 
Discovery  of  the  Mississippi  River 9 

Chapter  II. 
Early  Settlements  in  the  Northwest 15 

Chapter  III. 
Northwestern  Territory 21 

Chapter  IV. 
The    Louisiana    Purchase 27 

Chapter  V. 
Expedition  of  Lewis  and  Clarke 31 


Chapter  VI. 
Indian    Wars -- —       40 

Chapter  VII. 

Early  Navigation  of  Western  Rivers 44 

Chapter  VIII. 

Archaeology  of  the  Northwest. 47 

Chapter   IX. 

Western  and  Northwestern   States 54 

Chapter  X. 
Sketch  of  Chicago _ 70 


PART    H  — GENERAL    HISTORY   OF    ILLINOIS. 


Chapter  I. 
The  Indians 75 

Chapi'er  II. 
French  Occupation 79 

Chapter  III. 
English  Rule S8 

Chapter   IV. 

Formation  of  Illinois  Territory 92 

Chapter  V. 
First  American  Settlers.. 95 

Chapter  VI. 
The  War  ofi8i2 99 

Chapter  VII. 

Illinois  Territory  Admitted  as  a  State 108 

Chapter  VIII. 

Northwestern  Indian  Troubles 117 

Chapter  IX. 

Black  Hawk  and  the  Black  Hawk  War 121 

Chapter  X. 

Slavery  in  Illinois.     The  Black  Laws 146 

Chapter    XI. 

American  Immigration 152 

Chapter  XII. 
Northern  Illinois  Internal  Improvements.    Love- 
joy,   and   Freedom.      Mormons  and  Mormon 

War ___ 157 

Chapter  XIII. 
Illinois  and  the  Mexican   War 171 


Chapter  XIV. 
The  War  for  the   Union.     Election  of  Lincoln. 
Fall  of  Sumter.      Death  of  Lincoln 173 

Chapter  XV. 
Duels  and  Dueling - 186 

Chapter  XVI. 
Dress  and  Manners 190 

Chapter  XVII. 
Physical   features   of  Illinois.     Agricultural  and 
other  resources _ 192 

Chapter  XVIII. 
Governors  and  other  State  officers.    United  States 
Senators  and  Members  of  Congress  of  Illinois.      195 

Chapter    XIX. 

States  of   the   Union.. 203 

Chapter  XX. 
Miscellaneous.     Population  of  Illinois.     Agricul- 
tural productions.      Population  of  cities  of  the 
U.  S.  and  principal  countries.       Practical  busi- 
ness rules 208 

Chapter  XXI. 
Modern  Chicago 223 

Chapter  XXII. 
Constitution  of  the   United  States,  and   Amend- 
ments.    Digest  of  State  Laws.     Miscellaneous 
Forms 230 


CONTENTS. 


PART    III  — HISTORY    OF    PEORIA    COUNTY. 


Prologue 261 

Chapter  I. 
Geology  of  Peoria  Counly 265 

Chapter  II. 
Early  H istory.     French  Settlements 271 

Chapter  III. 
American  Occupation 279 

Chapter    IV. 
Organization  of  Peoria  County 285 

Chaiter  V. 
Prefecting  the  Organization.     First  Election 288 

Chapter  VI. 
Physical   Geography   and   Geology 291 

Chapter  VII. 
Natural   History 293 

Chapter    VIII. 
Political   Economy 301 

Chai-trr    IX. 

Political  Economy  Continued.  Chicago.  First 
terry  and  Tavern  License 311 

Chapter  X. 
The  County  Seat 316 

Chai>ter  XI. 

Old  Time  Bridges.     Modern  Structures 322 

Chaitkr  .\II. 

Counly  Buildings.  Circuit  Court.  Personal  Men- 
tion.    Oflicial  Record 324 

Chapter  XIII. 

War  Record.  Black  Hawk  War.  Mexican  War. 
In  the  War  of  the  Kcljellion.  Lincoln's  Proc- 
lamation.    I'coria  County  War  Record..  351 

Chapter  XIV. 
Educational  Interests 421 


Chapter  XV. 

Old  Settlers  Union, 43' 

Chapter  XVI. 

Peoria  City   History 448 

The  Press 487 

Chapter  XVIII. 

Township   Histories.     County  Statistics 572 

Akron 572 

Brimtield 572 

Chillicothe 577 

Elmwood. 583 

Hallock 591 

Mollis 595 

Jubilee 597 

Kickapoo. 598 

Limestone 60a 

Logan 604 

Medina. 606 

Milbrook 608 

Princeville 610 

Radnor 613 

Richwoods. . 615 

Rosefield 615 

Timber. 617 

Trivoli 618 

Chapter  XIX. 

Biographical  Directory 6ai 

Peoria  City 6ai 

Akron 707 

Brimtield 713 

Chillicothi-  723 

KImwood 736 

Hallock 753 

Hollis 766 

Jubilee 767 

K  ickapoo 770 

Limestone 786 

Logan 790 

Medina 796 

Milbrook 804 

Princeville 811 

Radnor 891 

Kichwood*. 829 

Rosefield 837 

Timber 841 

I'rivoli 84s 


CONTENTS. 


ILLUSTRATIONS. 


Map  of  Peoria  County Front. 

Starved   Rock   on  the  Illinois  River,  near  Peru.  77 

Iroquois  Chief. --  83 

Gen.  Geo.  Rogers  Clark _-_ 8g 

Gen.  Arthur  St.  Clair 94 

Old  Fort   Dearborn loi 

Old  Kinzie  House 103 

Pontiac,  the  Ottawa  Chief. _ 105 

Black  Hawk,  the  Sac  Chief. - 123 

Illinois  Institute  for  Deaf  and  Dumb 165 

Illinois  Charitable  Eye  and  Ear  Infirmary 169 


Lincoln  Monument,  Springfield 181 

Scene  on  Fox  River 191 

Central  Hospital  for  the  Insane _  20g 

Illinois  Industrial  University 209 

Southern  Illinois  Normal  University 211 

Illinois  Asylum  for  Feeble-minded  Children 2lg 

Lake  Crib,  Chicago  Water  Works 225 

Passenger  Depot,  L.  S.  &  M.  S.,  and  C,  R.  I.  &  P. 

R.  R.  Go's.,  Chicago 227 

Inter-State  Industrial  Exposition  Building -  229 

Peoria  County  Court  House 328 


PORTRAITS. 


Aiken,  Mark   Morrill 620 

Baldwin,   E.  F 493 

Ballance,  Charles. 624 

Barnes,  J.  B 493 

Belcher,  Daniel 7I7 

Bootz,    Lydia __ 490 

Bootz,  Fannie  L _ - -  490 

Bradley,  Tobias  S - 629 

Brooks,   Cyrus _ - --  712 

Brown,    Edwin  R _ 73S 

Clute,  Joseph - 717 

Corcoran,  Geo.  L 717 

Cratty,  Thomas - 636 

Cremer,  Bernard 493 

Darst,   Jacob.-- 638 

Dickinson,  Griffith   E 822 

Detweiler,  Henry   640 

Dunlap, Napoleon .   -- 822 

Dowdall,  Wm.  T - 490 

Gove,  J.  K - S48 

Greenwood,  Geo.  G 656 

Hamlin,  John,    Hon 656 

Harkness,  Isaac .-  846 

Henderson,  S.  R - 493 

Higgs.  Thomas. - -  848 

Holman,  Harvey 735 

Hopkins,  Samuel  A.,  M.  D 660 

Hines,  John,  Senr -_ 802 

IngersoU,  Robt.  G.,  Hon Frontispiece. 

Jack,  Edward  H 662 

Linck,  Jacob 84S 

Lobaugh,  John  J.,   M.  D.  - 753 

McClure,   John  D.,  Hon 346 

Miller,  Jas.  B 794 

Miller,   Robt.  H 712 


Moffitt,  John.- -- - --.  735 

Moffatt,  Aquilla 676 

Monroe,   James 794 

Mooney,   Thos - 802 

Moss,  John 712 

Norton,  Orrin  H - 656 

Nurs,  Isaiah 762 

Patterson,  Jas.  H --- 794 

Pettengill,    Moses - _ _.  682 

Phelps,  Wm.  E.,  Hon 746 

Phelps,  Wm.  J.,  Hon 748 

Plumer.S.  R.,  M.  D 848 

Reed,  Simon 762 

Regan,  John - .- 753 

Richardson,  James - -  794 

Robinson,    Wm - -  802 

Rogers,  Henry  P 738 

Root.  ErastusC 762 

Stevens,  J.  S 692 

Stowell,  Ebenezer -.- 822 

Stuber,  Adam,  Capt 656 

Tomlinson,  Joshua  O.,  M.  D •  735 

Tracy,  A.  L.. - 738 

Truitt,    Henry - 735 

Tucker,  Cyrus 822 

Tucker,    H.  C - 717 

Warner,  John,   Hon -  698 

Washburn,  Silas  Howe,  M.  D 753 

Wells,  Henry  W 700 

Will,   Robt ---  762 

Wilmot,  Asahel,  M.  D - 734 

Wilson,  A.   W 712 

Wrigley,    Robert - 738 

Vickery,  Elias - 753 

Yates,  John  C.Hon, 35° 


PART      I 


THE 


NOETHWEST    TEEEITORY. 


CHAPTER  I. 

DISCOVERY     OF     THE     MISSISSIPPI     RIVER. 

De  Soto — Le  Caron — Samuel  de  Champlain — French  Adventurers — James  Marquette — Louis  Joliet — Embarkation 
to  Explore  New  Countries — Lake  Michigan  and  Green  Bay — The  "  Ouisconsin  " — Indian  Accounts  of  the 
Country — Discovering  the  Great  River — Indian  Name  of  the  River — Joy  of  the  Explorers — Interview  with 
Indians  on  Iowa  Soil — Feast — Speech  of  an  Indian  Chief — The  Des  Moines  River — "Muddy  Water" — The 
Arkansas — Return — Indian  Nations — Marquette's  Record — His  Subsequent  Voyage — La  V'antum — Marquette's 
Death — Removal  of  His  Remains — Joliet's  Subsequent  Explorations — Robert  La  Salle — Louis  Hennepin — 
Chevalier  de  Tonti — De  La  Motte — Fort  Crevecoeur — Hennepin's  Voyage. — Falls  of  St.  Anthony — Seur  de 
Luth — Hennepin's  Claims  as  an  Explorer — Colonization  of  Louisiana — Dissensions — Murder  of  La  Salle. 

The  three  great  colonizing  powers  of  the  Old  World  first  to  raise  the  standard  of 
civilization  within  the  limits  of  North  America  were  France,  England,  and  Spain.  The 
French  made  their  earliest  settlements  in  the  cold  and  inhospitable  regions  of  Quebec  ; 
the  English  at  Jamestown,  Virginia,  and  at  Plymouth,  Massachusetts  ;  and  the  Spaniards 
on  the  barren  sands  of  Florida.  To  the  French  belongs  the  honor  of  discovering  and 
colonizing  that  portion  of  our  countiy  known  as  the  Valley  of  the  Mississippi,  including 
all  that  magnificent  region  watered  by  the  tributaries  of  the  Great  River.  It  is  true  tliat 
more  than  one  hundred  years  earlier  (1538-41)  the  Spanish  explorer,  De  Soto,  had  landed 
on  tlie  coast  of  Florida,  penetrated  the  everglades  and  unbroken  forests  of  the  South, 
finally  reaching  the  banks  of  the  Great  River,  probably  near  where  the  city  of  Meinpiiis 
now  stands.  Crossing  the  river,  he  and  his  companions  pursued  their  journey  for  some 
distance  along  the  west  bank,  thence  to  the  Ozark  Mountains  and  the  Hot  Springs  of 
Arkansas,  and  returning  to  the  place  of  his  death  on  the  banks  of  tlie  Mississijjpi.  It 
was  a  perilous  expedition  indeed,  characterized  by  all  the  splendor,  romance  and  valor 
which  usually  attended  Spanisli  adventurers  of  that  age.  De  Soto  and  his  companions 
were  the  first  Europeans  to  beliold  the  waters  of  the  Mississippi,  but  the  expedition  was 
a  failure  so  far  as  related  to  colonization.  The  requiem  chanted  by  his  companions  as  liis 
remains  were  committed  to  the  waters  of  the  great  river  he  had  discovered,  died  away 
with  the  solemn  murmurs  of  the  stream,  and  the  white  man's  voice  was  not  heard  again 
in  the  valley  for  more  than  a  hundred  3'ears.  De  Soto  had  landed  at  Tampa  Btiy,  on  the 
coast  of  Florida,  with  a  fleet  of  nine  vessels  and  seven  hundred  men.  More  than  half 
of  them  died,  and  the  remainder  made  their  way  to  Cuba,  and  finally  back  to  Spain. 

Four  years  before  the  pilgrims  "  moored  their  bark  on  the  wild  New  England  shore," 
a  French  Franciscan,  named  Le  Caron,  penetrated  the  region  of  the  great  lakes  of  the 
North,  then  the  homes  of  the  Iroquois  and  the  Hurons,  but  a  French  settlement  had  been 
established  at  Quebec,  by  Samuel  de  Champlain,  in  1608.     This  was  followed  by  the 

2 


10  THE  NOTHWEST  TERRITORY. 

establishment  of  various  colonies  in  Canada,  and  the  hardy  French  adventurers  penetra- 
ted the  country  by  the  way  of  the  St.  Lawrence  and  the  lakes.  In  1625  a  number  of 
missionaries  of  the  Society  of  Jesus  arrived  in  Canada  from  France,  and  during  the 
succeeding  forty  years  extended  their  missions  all  along  the  shores  of  Lake  Superior. 

In  1687  a  child  was  born  at  the  little  city  of  Laon,  in  France,  whose  destiny  it  was 
in  the  fullness  of  time  to  be  instrumental  in  the  hands  of  Providence  in  giving  to  tlie 
world  a  definite  knowledge  of  the  grandest  and  most  fertile  region  ever  opened  up  to 
civilization.  That  child  was  James  Marquette,  the  descendant  of  a  family  of  Celtic  nobles. 
He  entered  the  Society  of  Jesus  when  seventeen  years  of  age,  and  soon  conceived  a  desire 
to  engage  in  the  labors  of  a  missionary  among  the  Indians.  He  sailed  for  Quebec  in  1666, 
and  two  years  later  founded  the  mission  of  Sault  Ste.  Marie  at  the  Falls  of  St.  Mary. 
The  Winter  of  1669-70  he  spent  at  Point  St.  Ignatius,  where  he  established  another 
mission.  Here  the  old  town  of  Michillimackinac,  afterward  called  Mackinaw,  was 
founded.  It  was  from  Indians  of  the  different  tribes  who  came  to  this  mission  that  he 
received  some  vague  intimations  of  the  great  river — the  father  of  all  the  rivers.  He  at 
once  conceived  a  desire  to  penetrate  to  the  banks  of  the  wonderful  river,  and  carry  his 
missionary  work  to  the  tribes  which  he  had  learned  inhabited  its  borders.  He  applied  to 
his  superior,  Claude  Dablon,  for  permission  to  "seek  new  nations  toward  the  Southern 
sea."  The  authorities  at  Quebec  were  equally  desirous  of  having  new  regions  explored, 
and  therefore  appointed  Louis  Joliet  to  embark  upon  a  voyage  of  discovery.  Joliet  was 
a  native  of  Quebec  and  had  been  educated  in  a  Jesuit  college.  He  had,  at  the  age  of 
eigiiteen,  taken  minor  orders,  but  had  abandoned  all  thoughts  of  the  priesthood  and  en- 
gaged in  the  fur  trade.  He  was  now  twenty-seven  years  of  age,  with  a  mind  ripe  for 
adventure.  He  left  Quebec,  and  arriving  at  Mackinaw,  found  Father  Manjuettc  liigbly 
delighted  with  the  information  that  they  were  to  be  companions  in  a  voyage  wliich  was  to 
extend  to  the  domain  of  the  King  of  France,  as  well  as  to  carry  the  Gospel  to  new 
nations  of  people.  The  explorers,  accompanied  by  five  assistants,  who  were  French 
Canadians,  started  on  their  journey  May  13,  1673.  Marquette  has  himself  recorded  in 
the  following  simple  language  their  feelings  on  this  occasion  :  "  We  were  embarking  on 
a  voyage  the  character  of  which  we  could  not  foresee.  Indian  corn,  with  some  dried  meat, 
was  our  whole  stock  of  provisions.  With  this  we  set  out  in  two  bark  canoes.  M.  Joliet, 
myself  and  five  men,  firmly  resolved  to  do  all  and  suffer  all  for  so  glorious  an  enterprise." 
They  coasted  along  the  northern  shore  of  Lake  Michigan,  entered  Green  Bay,  and  passed 
up  the  Fox  river,  carrying  their  canoes  across  the  I'ortage  to  the  "  Ouisconsin,"  now 
called  Wisconsin.  At  Lake  Winnebago,  before  crossing  the  Portage,  they  stopped  at  an 
Indian  village,  which  was  the  furthest  outpost  to  which  Dablon  and  Alhnuz  had  ex- 
tended their  missionary  work.  Here  they  assembled  the  chiefs  and  old  men  of  the 
village  and  told  them  of  the  objects  of  the  voyage.  Pointing  to  Joliet,  Father  Marquette 
said:  "My  friend  is  an  envoy  of  France  to  discover  new  countries,  and  I  am  an  ambas- 
sador from  God  to  enlighten  them  with  the  truths  of  the  Gospel."  The  Indians  furnished 
two  guides  to  conduct  them  to  the  Wisconsin  river.  It  is  related  that  a  tribe  of  Indians 
endeavored  to  dissuade  them  from  pursuing  their  perilous  journey  by  telling  of  desperate 
and  savage  tribes  that  they  would  meet ;  that  the  forests  and  the  rivers  were  infested 
with  frightful  monsters  ;  that  there  were  great  fish  in  the  rivers  that  would  swallow  up 
men  and  canoes  together,  and  of  a  demon  who  could  be  heard  from  a  great  distance,  and 
who  destroyed  all  who  approached.  Unmoved  by  these  frightful  stories,  .Marquette, 
Joliet,  and  their  five  brave  assistants,  launched  their  little  canoes  on  the  waters  of  the 
Wi.sconsin,  and  moved  .slowly  down  the  current.  After  a  lapse  of  seven  days,  June  17tli, 
1673,  tlii-y  reached  the  moutli  of  tlie  Wisconsin  and  glided  into  the  current  of  tlie  Mis- 
sissippi, a  few  miles  below  the  place  now  known  as  Prairie  du  Cliien.  Here,  and  on  this 
day,  the  eye  of  the  white  man  for  the  first  time  looked  upon  the  waters  of  the  Upper 
Mississippi.     Marcjuette  called  the  river  "The  Broad   River  of  the  Conception."     The 


THE   NORTHWEST  TERRITORY.  H 

Indian  name  is  derived  from  the  Algonquin  language,  one  of  the  original  tongues  of  the 
continent.     It  is  a  compound  of  the  words  Missi,  signifj'ing  great,  and  Sepe,  a  river. 

The  explorers  felt  the  most  intense  joy  on  beholding  the  scene  presented  to  their 
enraptured  vision.  Here  was  the  great  river  whose  waters  somewhere  thousands  of  miles 
away  flowed  into  a  southern  sea,  and  whose  broad  valley  was  the  fairest  and  richest  in 
the  world,  but  unknown  to  civilized  man,  save  as  an  almost  forgotten  dream  or  a  vague 
romance.  They  had  solved  one  of  the  great  mysteries  of  the  age  in  which  they  lived. 
As  they  glided  down  the  stream  the  bold  bluffs  reminded  Marquette  of  the  "  castled 
shores  of  his  own  beautiful  rivers  in  France."  The  far-stretching  prairies  alternating 
with  forests,  on  either  side,  were  adorned  in  all  the  wild  glories  of  June.  Birds  sang  the 
same  notes  that  they  had  sung  for  ages  amid  these  "  forests  primeval,"  while  herds  of 
buffalo,  deer  and  elk  were  alarmed  and  fled  to  the  dense  retreats  of  the  forest  or  the  broad 
prairies  beyond.  Not  until  the  25th  of  June  did  they  discover  any  signs  of  human  habi- 
tation. Then,  about  sixty  leagues,  as  they  thought,  below  the  mouth  of  the  Wisconsin, 
at  a  place  where  they  landed  on  the  west  bank  of  the  river,  they  found  in  the  sand  the 
foot-prints  of  man.  Marquette  and  Joliet  left  their  five  companions  in  charge  of  the 
canoes  and  journeyed  away  from  the  river,  knowing  that  they  must  be  near  the  habita- 
tion of  men.  They  followed  a  trail  leading  across  a  prairie  clothed  in  the  wild  luxuri- 
ance of  Summer  for  a  distance  of  about  six  miles,  when  they  beheld  another  river  and  on 
its  banks  an  Indian  village,  with  other  villages  on  higher  land,  a  mile  and  a  half  from  the 
first.  The  Indians  greeted  the  two  white  strangers,  as  far  as  their  ability  permitted,  with 
a  splendid  ovation.  They  appointed  four  of  their  old  men  to  meet  the  strangers  in  coun- 
cil. Marquette  could  speak  their  language.  They  informed  him  that  they  were  "  Illini " 
(meaning  "  we  are  men  "),  and  presenting  the  calumet  of  peace,  invited  them  to  share 
the  hospitalities  of  their  village.  Marquette  told  them  of  the  object  of  their  visit,  and 
that  they  had  been  sent  by  the  French,  who  were  their  friends.  He  told  them  of  the 
great  God  that  the  white  man  worshipped  who  was  the  same  Great  Spirit  that  they 
adored.     In  answer,  one  of  the  chiefs  addressed  them  as  follows : 

"  I  thank  the  Black  Gown  Chief  (Marquette)  and  the  Frenchman  (Joliet)  for 
taking  so  much  pains  to  come  and  visit  us  ;  never  has  the  earth  been  so  beautiful,  nor  the 
sun  so  bright  as  now  ;  never  has  the  river  been  so  calm,  nor  so  free  from  rocks,  which  your 
canoes  have  removed  as  they  passed  ;  never  has  our  tobacco  had  so  fine  a  flavor,  nor  our 
corn  appeared  so  beautiful  as  we  behold  it  to-day.  Ask  the  Great  Spirit  to  give  us  life 
and  health,  and  come  ye  and  dwell  with  us." 

After  these  ceremonies  the  strangers  were  invited  to  a  feast,  an  account  of  which  is 
given  by  Marquette.  It  consisted  of  four  courses.  First,  there  was  a  large  wooden 
bowl  filled  with  tagmity,  or  Indian  meal,  boiled  in  water  and  seasoned  with  oil.  The 
master  of  cermonies,  with  a  wooden  spoon,  fed  the  tagmity  to  their  guests  as  children  are 
fed.  The  second  course  consisted  of  fish,  which,  after  the  bones  were  taken  out,  was 
presented  to  the  mouths  of  the  strangers  as  food  may  be  fed  to  a  bird.  The  third  course 
was  a  preparation  of  dog  meat,  but  learning  that  the  strangers  did  not  eat  that,  it  was  at 
once  removed.  The  fourth  and  final  course  was  a  piece  of  buffalo  meat,  the  fattest  por- 
tion of  which  were  put  into  the  mouths  of  the  guests. 

The  stream  on  whose  banks  took  place  this  first  interview  between  the  explorers  and 
the  untutored  Indians,  after  parting  with  their  guides,  was  the  Des  Moines  river,  and  the 
place  of  their  landing  was  probably  about  where  the  town  of  Montrose  is  now  located,  in 
Lee  county,  Iowa.  One  of  our  sweetest  American  poets  has  rendered  Marquette's  nar- 
rative in  verse,  as  follows : 

"Came  a  people 
From  the  distant  land  of  Wabun  ; 
From  the  farthest  realms  of  morning 
Came  the  Black  Robe  Chief,  the  Prophet, 
He  the  Priest  of  Prayer,  the  Pale-face, 


12  ■*  THE    NORTHWEST  TERRITORY 

With  his  guides  and  hi^  companions. 
And  the  noble  Hiawalha, 

With  his  hand  aloft  extended, 

Held  aloft  in  sign  of  welcome. 

Cried  aloud  and  spoke  in  this  wise  : 
'Beautiful  is  the  sun,  O  strangers, 

When  you  come  so  far  to  see  us ; 

All  our  town  in  peace  awaits  you  ; 

All  our  doors  stand  open  (or  you  ; 

You  shall  enter  all  our  wigwams  ; 

For  the  heart's  right  hand  we  give  you. 

Never  bloomed  the  earth  so  gayly. 

Never  shone  the  sun  so  brightly. 

As  lo-day  they  shine  and  blossom 

When  you  came  so  far  to  see  us.' 

And  the  Black  Robe  Chief  made  answer. 

Stammered  in  his  speech  a  little. 

Speaking  words  yet  unfamiliar  : 
'  Peace  be  with  you,  Hiauaiha, 

Peace  be  with  you  and  your  people, 

Peace  of  prayer,  and  peace  of  pardon, 

Peace  of  Christ,  and  joy  of  .Mary  I' 
Then  the  generous  llia«alha. 

Led  the  strangers  to  his  wigwam. 

Sealed  them  on  skins  of  bison. 

Seated  them  on  skins  of  ermine, 

Biought  them  food  in  bowls  of  bass-wood, 

Walei  brought  in  birchen  dippers. 

And  the  calumet,  the  peace-pipe. 

Filled  and  lighted  (or  their  smoking. 

All  the  warriors  of  the  nation, 

Came  to  bid  the  strangers  welcopie  ; 
'  It  is  well,'  they  said,  '  O  brother. 

That  you  c.ime  so  far  to  see  us.'" 

Marquette  and  Joliet  remained  at  the  Indian  villa<jessix  da)'s,  and  were  then  accom- 
panied to  tlieir  cunoes  by  an  escort  of  six  liundred  Indians.  Invitations  were  extended 
to  the  strangers  to  renew  their  visit,  after  whicli  the  explorers  embarked  in  their  boats 
and  floated  on  down  tlie  stream,  i>assing  the  sites  of  future  great  cities  of  liu-  valley,  and 
passing  the  moutlis  of  the  Missouri  and  Ohio  rivers,  and  as  far  down  as  tin'  mouth  of  tiie 
Arkansas.  Marquette  named  the  .Missouri  river  Pekitanoui,  or  '*  Muildy  Water,"  on  ac- 
count of  the  now  well-known  character  of  that  stream. 

After  extending  their  voyage  to  the  mouth  of  the  Arkansas,  wlicre  they  found  a 
village  of  the  Arkansas  tribe,  they  ascended  the  Missis.Mppi  to  tlie  mouth  of  the  Illinois. 
Tiiey  ascended  the  latter  river  to  its  source.  Along  this  streanj  they  found  many  villages 
of  the  Illinois,  or  Jllini,  a  large  and  powerful  trilie.  wiio  were  subilivided  iutt)  live  smaller 
triiies  —  the  Taniaroas,  Michigaiuies,  Kahokias,  Kaskaskias,  and  I'eorias.  Tiie  country 
between  the  Illinois  antl  Mississippi  rivers  was  inhabited  by  the  thiec  last  nameil  tribes. 
The  Michiganiies  resided  in  the  country  bordering  on  Lake  Michigan,  and  the  TamaroBs 
occupied  the  territory  now  included  iu  the  counties  of  Jersey,  Mailison  and  St.  Clair, 
Illinois.  Kaska^kia  —  also  designatetl  by  the  early  explorers  as  "  La  Vantum  "  and  "  Great 
Illinois  Town"  was  the  largest  of  the  villages,  containing  acctu'ding  to  Martjuette,  sev- 
enty-five lodges.  Without  the  loss  of  a  num,  or  any  serious  accident,  the  paity  reached 
Green  Hay  in  September,  and  re|iorti'(l  their  discoveries.  Manjuette  made  a  faithful 
record  of  what  they  had  seen  and  the  incidents  of  the  voyage.  That  record  has  been 
preserved.  The  report  of  Joliet  was  unfortunately  lost  by  the  upsetting  of  ids  canoe 
while  on  the  way  to  Quebec. 

At  the  renuest  of  the  Illinois  Indians,  Marquette  soon  retiirned  and  established  the 
mission  of  the  Immaculate  Conception  ;it  La  Vantimi.  In  the  Spring  of  l(i7.'),  on  account 
of  failing  health,  he  started  to  return  to  (Jreen  Hay.  While  pa.ssing  along  the  shore  of 
Lake  Michigan,  conscious  that  he  was  uearing  the  end  of  liis  eoilhly  luboi?,  he  observed 


THE  NORTHWEST  TERRITORY.  ,13 

an  elevated  place  near  the  mouth  of  a  small  river.    He  told  his  companions  that  the  place 

was  suitable  for  his  burial,  and  requested  them  to  land.  On  that  lonely  and  desolate 
coast,  May  18,  1675,  at  the  age  of  thirty-eight,  James  Marquette  ended  his  last  earthly 
voyage,  and  received  burial  at  the  hands  of  his  devoted  companions.  Two  years  later 
some  Indians  of  the  mission  at  Kaskaskia  disinterred  his  remains,  and  conveyed  them  in 
a  box  made  of  birch  bark,  with  a  convoy  of  over  twenty  canoes,  to  Mackinaw,  wliere 
tliey  were  reinterred  at  the  mission  church.  The  post  was  abandoned  in  1706.  and  the 
chnrcli  burned.  The  place  of  burial  was  finally  lost,  and  remained  lost  for  two  hundred 
years.  In  May,  1876,  the  foundations  of  tiie  old  Jesuit  Mission  were  accidentally  dis- 
covered on  the  farm  of  one  David  Murray,  with  a  number  of  cliurch  relics,  the  moldering 
remains  of  the  great  missionary  and  explorer,  and  a  cross  with  liis  name  inscribed  upon  it. 

Joliet,  after  his  return  to  Quebec,  l)ecame  again  a  trader  with  the  Indians.  His 
services  were  rewaided  by  the  French  government  by  the  gift  of  the  Island  of  Anticosti, 
in  the  Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence.     Little  after  tiiis  is  known  of  him.     He  died  about  1730. 

The  reports  given  of  the  discoveries  of  Marquette  and  Joliet,  served  to  encourage 
other  adventurers  to  engage  in  the  effort  to  extend  tlieir  explorations.  Robert  La  Salle, 
a  French  navigator,  who  was  born  at  Rouen  about  the  year  1635,  had  long  cherished  a 
project  of  seeking  a  route  to  China  by  way  of  the  Great  Lakes.  Before  the  return  of 
Marquette  and  Joliet.  he  had  explored  Lake  Ontario  and  visited  tiie  different  Indian 
tribes.  In  1675  he  went  to  France  and  ol)tained  from  tlie  Government  a  grant  to  a  large 
tract  of  land  about  Fort  Frontenac,  the  exclusive  right  of  traffic  with  the  Five  Nations, 
and  also  a  patent  of  nobility.  He  laid  before  his  Government  his  desire  to  explore  the 
Mississippi  to  its  mouth,  and  take  possession  of  all  the  regions  he  miglit  visit  in  the  name 
of  the  King  of  France.  His  plans  were  warmly  approved,  and  he  was  provided  with  the 
means  for  carrying  them  into  execution.  In  July,  1678,  he  returned  to  Fort  Frontenac, 
soon  after  established  a  trading  house  at  Niagara,  and  visited  the  neighboring  Indian 
tribes  for  tlie  purpose  of  collecting  furs.  He  engaged  the  services  of  thirty  mechanics 
and  mariners  and  built  the  first  ship  for  the  navigation  of  the  lakes.  It  was  called  the 
Griffin,  and  was  a  bark  of  sixty  tons.  Having  been  joined  by  Louis  Hennepin  and 
Chevalier  de  Tonti,  the  latter  an  Indian  veteran,  on  tlie  7th  of  August,  1679,  they 
launched  the  Griffin  on  Niagara  river,  and  embarked  for  the  valley  of  the  Mississippi. 
They  crossed  Lake  Erie  and  Lake  St.  Clair,  reaching  Green  Bay,  September  2d.  For 
the  purpose  of  relieving  himself  of  some  pressing  financial  obligations  at  Montreal,  La 
Salle  here  engaged  for  a  time  in  collecting  furs  with  whicli  he  loaded  tlie  Griffin,  and 
sent  it  in  tlie  care  of  a  pilot  and  fourteen  sailors  on  its  return  trip,  with  orders  to  return 
immediately ;  but  the  vessel  was  never  heard  of  afterward.  He  waited  until  all  hope 
had  vanished,  and  then,  with  Father  Hennepin,  Chevalier  de  Tonti,  the  Sieur  de  la 
Motte,  and  about  thirty  followers,  began  again  the  voyage.  They  ascended  the  St. 
Joseph  in  canoes  to  the  portage,  and  carried  tlieir  barks  to  the  Kankakee,  a  distance  of 
six  miles,  descended  the  Kankakee  and  the  Illinois  until  they  reached  an  Indian  village 
on  the  latter  stream,  at  the  expansion  of  the  same,  known  as  Lake  Peoria.  The  village 
was  situated  on  the  west  bank  of  the  lake,  and  must  have  been  passed  by  Marquette 
and  Joliet  on  their  voyage  up  the  river  in  1673,  although  no  mention  is  made  of  it 
by  them.  La  Salle,  Hennepin,  Tonti  and  their  foUoweis  landed  at  Lake  Peoria,  January 
3d,  1680.  The  Indians  received  them  hospitably,  and  they  remained  with  them  for 
several  days.  Here  a  spirit  of  discontent  began  to  manifest  itself  among  the  followers  of 
La  Salle,  and  fearing  trouble  between  his  men  and  the  Indians,  they  crossed  the  river 
and  moved  down  about  three  miles,  where  the}^  erected  a  fort,  which  La  Salle  named 
Fort  Crevecceur  (heart-break)  a  name  expressive  of  La  Salle's  sorrow  at  the  loss  of  his 
fortune  by  the  disaster  to  the  Griffin,  and  also  his  feelings  in  the  fear  of  mutinj''  among 
his  men.  The  party  remained  here  until  in  February,  when  Tonti  was  placed  in  com- 
mand of  the  post,  and  Hennepin  charged  with  a  voyage  of  discovery  to  the  sources  of 


14  THE  northwt:st  territory. 

the  Mississippi.  La  Salle  returned  on  foot  with  three  companions  to  Fort  Frontenac  for 
supplies.  On  his  arrival  he  learned  of  the  certainty  of  the  loss  of  the  Griffin,  and  also 
of  the  wreck  of  another  vessel  which  had  been  sent  with  resources  for  him  from  France. 

Father  Hennepin,  with  two  companions,  Picard  du  Gay  and  Michel  Ako.  on  the  29th 
of  February,  1680,  embarked  from  Fort  Crevecceur  in  a  canoe  down  the  Illinois  to  its 
mouth,  which  they  reached  in  a  few  days.  They  then  turned  up  the  Mississippi,  reaching 
the  mouth  of  the  Wisconsin,  April  ilth.  Above  this  point  no  European  had  ever 
ascended.  They  continued  the  voyage,  reaching  the  Falls  of  St.  Anthony,  April  -SOth, 
1680.  Hennepin  so  named  the  falls  in  honor  of  his  patron  Saint.  When  they  arrived 
at  the  mouth  of  St.  Francis  river,  in  what  is  now  the  State  of  Minnesota,  they  traveled 
along  its  banks  a  distance  of  l>iO  miles,  %nsiting  the  Sioux  Indians,  who  inhabited  that 
region.  The  river,  Hennepin,  so  named  in  honor  of  the  founder  of  his  order.  In  his 
account  of  this  voyage,  Hennepin  claims  that  they  were  held  in  captivity  by  the  Indians 
for  about  three  months,  although  they  were  treated  kindly  by  them.  At  the  end  of  this 
time  a  band  of  Frenchmen,  under  the  leadership  of  Seur  de  Luth,  in  pursuit  of  furs, 
had  penetrated  to  this  part  of  the  country  by  the  way  of  Lake  Superior.  The  Indians 
allowed  Hennepin  and  his  companions  to  return  with  the  traders.  Thej-  descended  the 
Mississippi  to  the  mouth  of  the  Wisconsin,  passing  up  that  stream  and  down  the  Fox 
river,  and  so  on  through  Green  Bay  to  Lake  Michigan.  Hennepin  went  to  Quebec,  and 
thence  to  France,  where,  in  1683,  he  published  an  account  of  his  explorations  and  a 
description  of  the  region  of  the  Upper  Mississippi.  In  1697  (two  years  after  La  Salle's 
death)  he  published  an  enlarged  work,  in  which  he  claimed  tluit  he  had  descended  the 
Mississippi  to  its  mouth.  His  faithful  description  of  the  valley  for  a  time  gave  him 
credit  for  veracity,  but  the  impossibility  of  reconciling  his  dates,  and  other  circumstan- 
ces, are  by  the  best  authorities  regarded  as  stamping  his  claim  false.  Before  the  time 
this  work  was  published,  as  we  shall  see.  La  Salle  had  descended  the  Mississippi  to  its 
mouth.  Hennepin  explained  his  long  silence  as  to  his  exploration  to  the  mouth  of  the 
Mississippi,  by  claiming  that  he  had  feared  the  enmity  of  La  Salle,  who  had  ordered  him 
to  follow  a  different  course,  and  had  also  prided  himself  upon  his  own  claims  as  being 
the  first  European  to  descend  the  Mississippi  to  the  Gulf  of  Mexico.  Fatlier  Hennepin 
died  in  Holland,  about  the  year  1699. 

We  now  return  to  the  further  adventures  of  the  brave  and  intrepid  La  Salle.  He 
returned  to  Fort  Crevecoeur  in  the  latter  part  of  the  year  1680,  to  find  that  Tonti  had 
been  abandoned  by  his  men,  and  obliged  to  take  refuge  among  the  Pottawattamies.  He 
spent  another  year  in  collecting  his  scattered  followers,  finally  succeeded,  and  on  the  6th 
of  February,  1682,  he  had  reached  the  mouth  of  the  Illinois.  As  they  passed  down  the 
Mississippi  La  Salle  noted  the  dififerent  streams  tributary  thereto.  They  erected  a  fort 
near  the  mouth  of  the  Ohio,  and  a  cabin  at  the  firet  Chickasaw  bluff.  On  the  9th  of 
April  they  entered  the  Gulf  of  Mexico.  They  re-ascended  the  river  a  short  distance, 
founded  the  Fort  of  St.  Louis,  took  possession  of  the  whole  valley  in  the  name  of  France, 
and  called  it  by  the  name  of  Louisiana,  in  honor  of  the  king. 

La  Salle,  having  accomplished  much  for  the  glory  of  France,  now  retraced  his  steps 
northward.  After  spending  one  year  about  the  great  lakes,  actively  engaged  in  laying 
the  foundations  of  French  settlements  in  the  new  regions  he  had  discovered,  in  Novem- 
ber, 168.3,  he  reached  Quebec,  and  soon  after  embarked  for  France.  The  government, 
with  marks  of  great  esteem,  bestowed  upon  him  a  commission  placing  under  his 
authority  all  the  French  and  natives  of  the  countrj',  from  Fort  St.  Louis  to  New  Biscay. 
An  expedition,  with  four  vessels  and  280  persons,  was  fitted  out  for  the  colonization  of 
Louisiana  ;  it  sailed  August  1,  1684.  Associated  with  La  Salle,  in  this  expedition,  was 
Beau^jeu,  as  naval  commander.  The  mouth  of  the  Mississippi  was  the  objective  point, 
but  by  mistake  the  fleet  passed  on  northward.  When  the  error  was  discovered  La  Salle 
desired  to  return,  but  Beaujeu  persisted  in  advancing.      Dissensions  arose,  and  La  Salle, 


THE  NORTHWEST  TERRITORY.  15 

with  230  colonists,  disembarked.  This  was  in  February,  1685.  A  fortified  post,  which 
was  called  Fort  St.  Louis,  was  established,  and  attempts  made  at  agriculture,  but  without 
success.  Attempts  were  made  to  reach  the  Mississippi,  which  they  thought  near,  but 
failed.  La  Salle  and  his  followers  traversed  the  wilderness  toward  New  Mexico,  and  in 
January,  1687,  by  sickness  and  disaster,  his  party  was  reduced  to  thirty-seven.  Some  of 
these,  following  Beaujeu's  example,  revolted.  La  Salle,  with  sixteen  men,  then  determ- 
ined to  reach  the  country  of  the  Illinois.  Two  men,  who  had  embarked  their  capital  in 
the  enterprise,  were  bitter  in  their  malignity  toward  the  leader  of  this  unsuccessful 
expedition.  Their  feelings  found  some  gratification  in  the  murder  of  a  nephew  of  La 
Salle.  The  latter  sought  to  investigate  as  to  the  death  of  his  relative,  but  only  shared 
his  fate,  as  one  of  them  fired  upon  him  from  ambush,  and  the  heroic  La  Salle  fell,  the 
victim  of  quarrels  and  dissensions  among  his  own  followers.  This  event  happened  after 
he  had  passed  the  basin  of  the  Colorado  and  reached  a  branch  of  Trinity  river,  in  Texas. 
We  have  thus  briefly  outlined  the  part  taken  by  this  energetic  and  adventurous 
explorer,  in  giving  to  civilization  a  knowledge  of  a  region  that  was  destined  to  constitute 
the  richest  and  most  productive  portion  of  the  American  continent,  if  not  indeed,  of  the 
world. 


CHAPTER   II. 

EARLY  SETTLEMENTS  IN  THE  NORTHWEST. 

Early  French  Settlements  —  Indian  Tribes  —  Mission  at  Kaskaskia  —  Kahokia — Vincennes  —  Fort  Ponchartrain  — 
Fort  Chartres  —  La  Belle  Reviere  —  La  Salle  —  The  English  Claim  "  From  Sea  to  Sea  "  —  Treaty  with  Indians 
in  1684  —  English  Grants  —  French  and  Indians  Attack  Pickawillany  —  Treaty  with  the  Six  Nations  —  French 
and  English  Claims  —  George  Washington  —  French  and  Indian  War  —  Fall  of  Montreal  —  Treaty  of  Paris- — 
Pontiac's  Conspiracy  —  Detroit  —  Pontiac's  Promissory  Notes  —  Pontiac's  Death  —  France  Cedes  Louisiana  to 
Spain  —  Washington  Explores  the  Ohio  Valley  —  Emigration  —  Land  Companies  —  The  Revolution  —  Colonel 
Clark  —  Surrender  of  French  Posts  in  Illinois — Surrender  of  Vincennes — Gov.  Hamilton  Taken  Prisoner  — 
Daniel  Boone  —  Simon  Girty  —  Virginia's  "  Land  Laws." 

As  the  French  were  the  first  to  explore  the  region  known  as  the  Northwest,  so  they 
were  the  first  to  improve  the  opening  thus  made.  The  earliest  settlements  were  in  that 
part  of  the  country  east  of  the  Mississippi  and  south  of  the  Great  Lakes,  occupied 
chiefly  by  the  Illinois  tribes  of  the  Great  Algonquin  family  of  Indians.  The  Illinois 
were  divided  into  the  Tamaroas,  Michigamies,  Kahokias,  Kaskaskias,  and  Peorias,  and 
were  sometimes  designated  as  the  Five  Nations.  The  three  last  named  tribes  occupy 
the  country  between  the  Illinois  and  Mississippi  rivers ;  the  Michigamies  the  region 
bordering  on  Lake  Michigan,  and  the  Tamaroas,  a  small  tribe,  in  the  same  region  occu- 
pied by  the  Kahokias,  and  now  embraced  in  the  counties  of  Jersey,  Madison,  and  St. 
Clair,  in  the  State  of  Illinois.  The  French  opened  the  way  for  colonization  by  the 
establishment  of  missions  among  these  tribes,  their  efforts  in  this  direction  having  been 
attended  with  great  success  in  Canada.  A  mission  was  founded  at  Kaskaskia  by  Father 
Gravier  about  the  year  1698.  This  at  the  time  of  the  visit  of  Marquette  and  Joliet,  in 
1673,  was  the  largest  and  most  important  of  the  Illinois  villages,  and  contained  seventy- 
four  lodges,  or  about  fifteen  hundred  inhabitants.  By  the  early  explorers  it  was  called 
by  the  several  names  of  "Kaskaskia,"  "La  Vantum,"  and  "Great  Illinois  Town." 
Here,  in  1675,  Father  Marquette  had  attempted  to  Christianize  the  Indians  by  establish- 
ing the  mission  of  the  Immaculate  Conception.  For  years  it  was  nothing  more  than  a 
missionary  station,  occupied  only  by  the  Nations  and  the  missionary.  About  the  year 
1700  missions  were  also  established  at  Kahokia  and  Peoria,  the  latter  being  near  the  site 


16  THE   XOHTHWEST  TERRITORY. 

of  old  Fort  Crcvecoeur.  Another  of  the  early  French  settlements  was  at  Vincennes  on 
the  Ouljaclie  (Wiiba,  now  Wabash)  river.  Authorities  disagree  as  to  the  date  of  this 
settlement,  but  it  was  proliably  about  1702.  For  many  years  this  was  an  isolated  colony 
of  French  emigrants  frum  Canada,  and  several  generations  of  tlicir  descendants  lived  and 
passed  away  in  these  vast  solitudes,  before  either  they  or  their  savage  neighi)ors  were 
disturl)ed  by  the  encroachments  of  an  expanding  civilization.  During  all  this  time  they 
had  maintained  fiiendly  relations  with  the  natives.  In  July,  1701,  a  station  was  estab- 
lished by  De  la  Motte  on  the  Detroit  river,  called  Fort  Poncliartrain.  While  these 
attempts  to  colonize  the  Northwest  were  in  progress,  similar  efforts  were  being  made  by 
France  in  the  Southwest,  but  without  maintaining  like  friendly  relations  with  the  natives, 
for  in  a  contlict  with  the  Chickasaws,  an  entire  colony  at  Natchez  was  cut  off.  As  these 
settlements  in  the  Northwest  were  isolated  but  little  is  known  of  their  history  prior  to 
1750.  In  this  year  Vivier,  a  missionary  among  the  Illinois,  near  Fort  Chartres,  writes  of 
five  Fiench  villages,  with  a  population  of  eleven  hundred  wliites,  three  hundred  blacks, 
and  si.\ty  red  slaves  or  savages.  He  says  there  were  whites,  negroes  and  Indians,  to  say 
nothing  of  half-breeds.  They  then  raised  wheat,  cattle,  swine  and  horses,  and  sent 
pork,  grain  and  flour  to  New  Orleans.  On  the  7th  of  November,  1750,  the  same  priest 
writes : 

"  For  fifteen  leagues  above  the  moutii  of  the  Mississippi  one  sees  no  dwellings,  the 
ground  being  too  low  to  be  habitable.  Thence  to  New  Orleans  the  lands  are  only  par- 
tially occupied.  New  Orleans  contains  black,  white  and  red,  not  more,  I  think,  than 
twelve  hundred  persons.  To  this  point  come  all  lumber,  bricks,  salt  beef,  tallow,  tar, 
skins  and  bear's  grease  ;  and  above  all.  p(nk  and  flour  from  the  Illinois.  These  things 
create  some  commeice,  as  forty  vessels  and  more  have  come  hither  this  year.  Above 
New  Orleans  plantations  are  again  met  witii  :  the  most  considerable  is  a  colony  of  Ger- 
mans some  ten  leagues  up  the  river.  At  Point  Coupee,  thirty-five  leagues  above  the 
German  settlement,  is  a  fort.  Along  here,  within  five  or  si.x  leagues,  are  not  less  than 
sixty  habitations.  Fifty  leagues  further  up  is  the  Natchez  post,  where  we  have  a  garri- 
son. V,  lio  iire  kept  prisoners  throu'_'li  fear  of  the  Chickasaws.  Here  and  at  Point  Coupee 
they  raise  excellent  tobacco.  Another  hundred  leagues  brings  us  to  the  Arkansas,  where 
we  have  also  a  fort  and  a  garrison  for  the  benefit  of  the  river  traders.  From  the  Arkansas 
to  the  Illinois,  nearly  five  hundred  leagues,  there  is  not  a  settlement.  There  should  be, 
however,  a  fort  at  the  Oubache  (Ohio),  the  only  path  by  which  the  English  can  reach 
the  Mississippi.  In  the  Illinois  country  are  numberless  mines,  but  no  one  to  work  them 
as  they  deserve." 

Tiio  fame  of  Robert  Cavelier  de  La  Salle  was  not  achieved  alone  by  his  explorations 
of  (ho  Valley  of  the  Mississippi,  for,  in  1669,  four  years  before  the  discovery  of  the  Mis- 
8is.-ippi  by  Manjuette  and  Joliet,  La  Salle  discovered  the  Ohio  river,  or  La  Belle  Riviere 
(Beautiful  Iliver),  as  the  French  called  it.  Being  conversant  with  several  Indian  dia- 
lects, he  had  learned  from  some  Senecas  of  a  river  called  Ohio  which  rose  in  their  country 
and  flowed  a  long  distance  to  the  sea.  La  Salle  then  held  the  belief  that  the  river  flowing 
to  th(:  west  emptied  into  the  Sea  of  California,  and  longed  to  engage  in  the  enterprise  of 
discovering  a  route  across  the  continent.  He  obtained  the  approval  of  the  Government 
at  Quebec,  but  no  allowance  to  defray  the  expense.  He  sold  his  property  in  Canada  for 
two  thousand  eight  hundred  dollars,  and  with  the  proceeds  purchased  canoes  and  the 
neces.sary  8Ui)plies.  With  a  party  of  twenty-four  persons  he  embarked  in  seven  canoes 
on  the  St.  Lawrence,  July  0th,  1669.  Crossing  over  Lake  Ontario,  they  were  conducted 
by  Indian  guides  to  the  Genesee,  about  where  the  city  of  Rochester,  New  York,  is  now 
located.  'I'he  enterprise  did  not  receive  the  approbation  of  the  Indians  at  the  Seneca 
village  then  situated  on  the  bank  of  the  Genesee  at  this  point,  and  they  refused  to  fnrn- 
isli  hini  guidiis  to  conduct  him  further.  After  a  month's  delay  he  met  an  Indian 
bdlonging  to  the  Iroquois  trjbe  on  Lake  Ontario,  who  conducted  them  to  their  village. 


THE  NORTHWEST  TERRITORY.  17 

whei-e  they  received  a  more  friendly  welcome.  From  the  chief  of  the  Iroquois  at 
Onondaga  he  obtained  guides  who  conducted  the  party  to  a  liver  soutli  of  hake  Erie. 
Tiiis  proved  to  be  a  tributary  of  the  Oliio.  Tliey  descended  it,  and  thence  down  the 
Ohio  to  the  great  falls  where  Louisville  now  stands.  By  virtue  of  this  discovery  the 
French  claimed  the  country  along  the  Ohio,  and  many  years  after  established  militaiy 
and  trading  posts  at  different  points.  One  of  these  was  Fort  Du  Quesne,  erected  in  1754, 
whicii  was  taken  from  tiiem  by  the  English  a  few  years  later  and  called  Pittsburg,  in 
honor  of  Wilham  Pitt,  then  prime  minister  of  England. 

Notwithstanding  the  discovery  of  the  Oiiio  by  the  French  under  La  Salle  as  early  as 
1669,  tiie  English  claimed  from  the  Atlantic  to  tlie  Pacific  on  the  ground  that  her  sea- 
coast  discoveries  entitled  her  to  the  sovereignty  of  all  the  country  from  "sea  to  sea." 
In  1GS4,  Lord  Howard,  Governor  of  Virginia,  held  a  treaty  witli  Indian  tribes  known  as 
tiie  Nortiicrn  Confederac}',  to -wit:  the  jMoiiawks,  Oneidas,  Onondagas,  Cayugas  and 
Senecas.  The  Tuscaroras  being  subsequently  taken  in,  these  tribes  became  known  as 
the  Six  Nations,  and  the  English  assumed  their  protection.  They  jourchased  from  them 
large  tracts  of  land  and  aimed  to  obtain  a  monopoly  of  the  Indian  trade.  The  English 
government  made  grants  of  land  west  of  the  AUeghanies,  and  companies  were  formed 
for  their  settlement.  France,  seeing  the  English  obtaining  a  foothold  by  planting  trading 
posts  in  the  Northwest,  in  1749  sent  Louis  Celeron  with  a  small  force  of  soldiers  to  plant 
in  mounds  at  the  mouth  of  the  principal  tributaries  of  the  Ohio,  plates  of  lead  witli  tlie 
claims  of  France  inscribed  thereon.  The  English,  however,  still  continued  to  make 
explorations  and  establish  trading  posts.  One  of  these  grants  of  England  was  to  a 
company  known  as  the  "  Oiiio  Company,"  and  embraced  a  tract  of  land  on  the  Great 
jMiami,  described  as  being  one  hundred  and  fifty  miles  above  its  mouth.  Ciiristoplier 
Gist  was  sent  b}'  this  companj-  in  1750  to  inspect  their  lands  and  to  establish  a  trading 
post.  In  1752  a  small  part}'  of  French  soldiers,  assisted  by  Ottawas  and  Chippewas, 
attacked  this  post  and  captured  the  traders  after  a  severe  battle.  The  English  called 
tliis  post  Pickawillany  —  the  name  being  subsequently  contracted  to  Pickaway  or  Piqua. 
Tiie  location  of  this  post  was  doubtless  near  tliat  of  the  present  town  of  Piqua,  on  the 
Great  Miami,  about  seventy -eight  miles  north  of  Cincinnati.  Thus  on  the  soil  of  what 
became  a  part  of  the  State  of  Ohio  was  shed  the  first  blood  between  the  French  and 
English  for  the  possession  of  the  Northwest. 

In  1744  the  English  had  entered  into  a  treaty  with  the  Six  Nations  at  Lancaster, 
Pennsylvania,  by  which  they  acquired  certain  lands  described  as  being  witiiin  the 
"  Colony  of  Virginia."  The  Indians  subsequently  complained  of  bad  faith  on  the  part 
of  the  English  in  failing  to  comply  with  some  of  the  stipulations  of  the  treaty.  The 
Governor  of  Virginia  aj^pointed  commissioners  to  hear  the  grievances  of  the  Indians. 
They  met  at  Logstown,  on  the  north  bank  of  the  Ohio,  about  seventeen  miles  below 
the  present  city  of  Pittsburg,  in  the  Spring  of  1752.  Notwithstanding  the  complaint  of 
the  Indians  that  the  English  had  failed  to  supply  them  with  arms  and  ammunition  as 
they  had  agreed,  they  succeeded  in  obtaining  a  confirmation  of  the  treaty  of  Lancaster. 

In  the  mean  time  the  French  were  quietly  preparing  to  maintain  their  claims  to  the 
country  in  dispute.  They  provided  cannon  and  military  stores  in  anticipation  of  the 
coming  conflict.  The  French  were  notified  to  give  up  their  posts,  but  they  failed  to 
comply.  Governor  Dinwiddle  finally  determined  to  learn  definitely  their  intentions,  and 
for  this  purpose  selected  Major  George  Washington,  then  twenty-two  years  of  age,  as  a 
messenger.  With  Christopher  Gist  as  a  guide,  and  four  attendants  or  servants,  Wash- 
ington set  out  through  the  wilderness  on  his  perilous  journey.  He  held  a  conference 
with  the  chiefs  of  the  Six  Nations  at  Logstown  in  November,  1753.  He  learned  some- 
thing of  the  condition  of  the  French,  but  the  Indians  desired  to  remain  neutral  and  were 
disposed  to  be  non-committal.  Washington  proceeded  to  Venango,  where  there  was  a 
French  post  called  Fort  Machault.     Here  he  delivered  to  the  French  Governor,  Dinwid- 


18  THE  NORTHWEST  TERKITOKY. 

die's  letter,  and  received  the  answer  ot  St.  Pierre,  the  commander  of  the  fort,  declining 
to  give  up  without  a  struggle.  Preparations  for  war  were  made  in  all  the  English 
colonies  while  the  French  continued  to  strengthen  their  lines  of  fortifications. 

It  will  thus  be  seen  that  what  is  known  as  the  French  and  Indian  war  had  its  origin 
in  this  dispute  about  the  pos.session  of  wliiit  is  now  one  of  the  fairest  and  richest  portions 
of  our  Republic.  It  resulted,  not  only  in  England  maintaining  lier  right  to  the  territor}* 
in  dispute,  but  in  wresting  Canada  from  France.  It  wiis  a  war  of  eight  years  duration, 
commencing  with  the  attack  of  tlie  French  and  Indians  on  the  English  post  at  Piqua  in 
17.")2.  and  virtually  ending  with  the  fall  of  the  city  of  Montreal  in  April,  1760.  Ticon- 
deroga.  Crown  Point,  Niagara,  and  Quebec  had  all  previously  surrendered  to  the  English, 
the  first  two  without  resistance.  After  the  fall  of  Montreal  the  Governor  of  Canada 
signed  a  capitulation  surrendering  the  whole  of  Canada  to  the  English.  One  post,  how- 
ever, that  of  Detroit,  still  remained  in  possession  of  the  French.  Major  Rogers  was  sent 
from  Montreal  to  demand  its  surrender.  Beletre,  the  commander  of  the  post,  at  first 
refused,  Ijut  on  the  '29th  of  November,  having  heard  of  the  defeat  of  the  French  arms  in 
Canada,  he  also  surrendered.  September  20th,  17C0,  the  treaty  of  peace  between  France 
and  England,  known  as  the  treaty  of  Paris,  was  made,  but  not  ratified  until  February 
10th,  1763.  Meantime  the  Northwest  territory  was  entirely  under  English  rule  and 
settlements  began  to  extend.  The  Indians  who  had  been  the  friends  and  allies  of  the 
French  during  the  war  were  not  reconciled  to  the  English,  claiming  that  they  had  not 
carried  out  their  promises.  Under  the  famous  Ottawa  chief,  Pontiac,  they  united  in  a 
general  conspiracy  to  cut  off  all  the  English  posts  on  the  frontier.  The  Chippewas, 
Ottawas,  Wyandots,  Mianiis,  Sliawnees,  Delawares  and  Mingoes,  buried  the  hatchet  in 
their  local  quarrels,  and  united  to  exterminate  the  English. 

Owing  to  the  treachery  on  the  part  of  some  of  Pontiac's  followers,  he  failed  in  the 
complete  execution  of  his  plans,  but  in  Maj-,  1763,  several  British  posts  fell,  and  many 
whites  were  victims  of  the  merciless  tomahawk.  In  the  arrangement  among  the  Indians 
it  was  agreed  that  Pontiac's  own  immediate  field  of  action  was  to  be  the  garrison  at 
Detroit.  He  laid  siege  to  the  post  May  12tli,  and  continued  it  until  October  12th.  To 
obtain  food  for  his  warriors  during  this  time,  he  issued  promissory  notes,  drawn  upon 
birch  bark  and  signed  with  the  figure  of  an  otter.  All  these  notes  were  faithfully 
redeemed.  Being  unsuccessful  in  reducing  the  garrison,  the  tribes  generalh-  sued  for 
peace,  but  Pontiac  remained  as  yet  unsubdued.  To  Alexander  Henry,  an  Englishman 
who  visited  Michillimacinac,  the  next  Spring,  he  said  :  "  Englishman,  although  you  have 
conquered  tlie  French,  you  have  not  yet  conquered  us.  We  are  not  your  slaves  I  These 
lakes,  the.se  woods,  these  mountains,  were  left  us  by  our  ancestors.  They  are  our 
inheritance,  and  we  will  part  with  them  to  none.  Your  nation  supposes  that  we,  like 
the  white  people,  can  not  live  without  bread,  and  pork  and  beef ;  but  you  ought  to 
know  that  He,  the  Great  Spirit  and  Master  of  Life,  has  provided  food  for  us  upon  these 
broad  lakes  and  in  these  mountains." 

Pontiac  still  entertained  tlie  hope  that  the  French  would  renew  the  war,  and  finally 
conquer  the  English,  and  endeavored  to  incite  the  Indians  on  tiie  Miami,  and  in  other 
parts  of  the  West,  to  continue  hostilities.  He  applied,  but  unsuccessfully,  to  the  French 
commander  at  New  Orleans.  Being  unable  to  unite  again  those  who  entered  so  eagerly 
into  his  original  conspiracy  for  destroying  the  English  .>^ettiements,  he  went  to  the  Iliiiiois 
country,  where  he  made  a  stand,  and  had  for  a  time  tlie  sympathy  and  co-operation 
of  the  French  fur  traders  in  that  region.  Soon,  however,  all  but  liis  immediate  followers 
deserted  his  cause,  and  he  then  reluctantly  accepted  peace  on  the  terms  offered  by  the 
English.  From  this  time  he  had  but  little  influence  with  the  tribes.  He  was  killed  by 
an  Illinois  Indian,  while  drunk,  at  Kahokia,  in  176'J.  At  the  time  of  his  death  he  was 
about  fifty-seven  years  of  age. 

Great  Britain  now  held  sovereignty  over  the  entire  Northwest,  and  to  prevent 


THE  NORTHWEST  TERRITORY.  19 

Louisiana  from  also  falling  into  the  hands  of  the  English,  France  by  secret  treaty, 
in  1762,  ceded  it  to  Spain.  The  next  year  the  treaty  of  Paris  formally  gave  to  England 
possession  of  the  Northwestern  Territory.  The  English  now  began  to  prepare  for  settle- 
ment and  occupation  of  the  country.  In  1770  persons  from  Virginia  and  other  British 
provinces  took  up  the  valuable  lands  on  the  Monongahela  and  along  the  Ohio  to  the 
mouth  of  the  Little  Kanawa.  In  October  of  the  same  year,  George  Washington  with  a 
party  descended  the  Ohio  from  Pittsburg  to  the  Kanawa,  which  last  named  stream  they 
ascended  about  fourteen  miles,  and  marked  out  several  large  tracts  of  land.  Buffalo 
were  then  abundant  in  the  Ohio  valley,  and  several  of  them  were  shot  by  Washington's 
party.  Pittsburg  was  then  a  village  of  twenty  houses,  the  inhabitants  being  mostly 
Indian  traders. 

The  British  government  was  inclined  to  observe  a  liberal  policy  toward  the  French 
settlers  in  the  West.  In  1763  the  king,  by  royal  proclamation,  had  forbidden  his  subjects 
from  making  settlements  beyond  the  sources  of  the  rivers  which  fall  into  the  Atlantic ; 
but  his  subjects  in  the  colonies  were  little  disposed  to  observe  this  restriction.  Finally, 
in  1774,  Governor  Dunmore,  of  Virginia,  began  to  encourage  emigration  to  the  West. 
A  number  of  settlements  were  made  in  the  Ohio  valley,  the  settlers  often  coming  in 
conflict  with  the  Indians.  Several  battles  were  fought,  ending  in  the  battle  of  Kanawa, 
in  July,  when  the  Indians  were  defeated  and  driven  across  the  Ohio.  During  the  years 
following,  up  to  1776,  several  land  companies  were  formed,  and  engaged  in  extensive 
operations.  One,  called  the  "  Illinois  Land  Company,"  obtained  from  the  Indians  large 
tracts  of  land  on  the  Mississippi  river,  south  of  the  Illinois.  An  association,  styling 
itself  the  "  Wabash  Land  Company,"  obtained  a  deed  from  eleven  chiefs  to  37,497,600 
acres  of  land.  The  War  of  the  Revolution  interfered  with  these  and  many  other  similar 
schemes  of  speculation.  The  parties  interested  subsequently  made  efforts  to  have  these 
land  grants  sanctioned  by  Congress,  but  did  not  succeed. 

In  1771,  according  to  the  best  information  we  have,  Kaskaskia  contained  eighty 
houses,  and  nearly  one  thousand  inhabitants,  white  and  black.  Kahokia  contained  fifty 
houses,  with  three  hundred  white  inhabitants,  and  eighty  negroes.  There  were  a  few 
families  at  Prairie  du  Rocher,  on  the  Mississippi  river,  opposite  St.  Louis.  At  Detroit, 
there  were,  in  1766,  about  one  hundred  houses.  This  place  was  founded  by  Antoine  de 
la  Motte  Cadillac,  in  1701,  and  is  the  oldest  town  in  the  Northwest. 

When  the  War  of  the  Revolution  commenced  the  British  held  Kaskaskia,  Kahokia, 
Vincennes,  Detroit,  and  other  important  posts  in  the  West.  Col.  George  Rogers  Clark, 
a  master  spirit  of  the  frontier,  who  was  familiar  with  all  the  important  movements  of 
the  British  in  the  West,  and  also  with  the  disposition  of  the  Indians,  formed  a  plan 
unequaled  in  boldness,  for  subjugating  these  posts.  He  repaired  to  the  capital  of  Vir- 
ginia, Patrick  Henry  being  then  Governor,  and  presented  to  the  authorities  his  plan  of 
operations,  which  was  approved  by  Governor  Henry.  He  was  accordingly  furnished 
with  two  sets  of  instructions — one  secret  and  the  other  open.  His  open  instructions 
authorized  him  to  enlist  seven  companies  to  go  to  Kentucky,  subject  to  his  orders,  and 
serve  three  months  from  their  arrival  in  the  West.  The  secret  order  authorized  him  to 
arm  and  equip  his  troops  at  Pittsburg,  and  proceed  to  subjugate  the  country.  Col.  Clark 
succeeded  in  raising  but  three  companies,  but  with  these  and  a  few  private  volunteers, 
he  descended  the  Ohio  as  far  as  the  falls,  in  the  Spring  of  1777.  Here  he  fortified  a 
small  island,  known  as  Corn  Island,  and  then  announced  to  his  men  their  real  destina- 
tion. Leaving  a  small  garrison,  on  the  24th  of  June,  during  a  total  eclipse  of  the  sun, 
he  moved  down  the  river.  Under  a  burning  July  sun,  with  his  chosen  band,  he  marched 
to  Kaskaskia,  reaching  that  post  on  the  evening  of  July  4th.  Without  the  loss  of  a  man 
on  either  side  the  fort  and  village  were  captured.  He  easily  induced  the  Indians  to  give 
their  allegiance  to  the  American  cause.  They  accompanied  him  to  Kahokia  on  the  6th, 
and  through  their  influepce  the  inhabitants  of  that  place  surrendered  without  resistance. 


20  THE  NORTHWEST  TERRITORY. 

The  priest  at  Kaskaskia,  M.  Gibault,  hastily  joined  in  renderinf:^  all  the  aid  he  ctmld  to 
forward  tiie  jimposes  of  Clark.  He  established  a  government  for  the  colonies  he  had 
taken,  and  then  made  ready  to  march  upon  St.  Vincent,  or  Vincennes,  as  it  is  more  com- 
monly known.  But  Gibault  offered  to  go  alone  and  induce  the  post  on  the  "  Oubache  " 
to  throw  off  the  authority  of  England.  Clark  accepted  the  offer,  and  on  the  14th  of 
July  Gibault  started  on  his  mission.  On  tiie  1st  of  August  he  returned,  with  intelli- 
gence of  entire  success,  the  garrison  at  Vincennes  having  taken  the  oath  of  allegiance  to 
Virginia.  Col.  Clark  placed  garrisons  at  Kaskaskia,  and  Kaliokia,  and  sent  orders  for 
the  erection  of  a  fort  at  the  Falls  of  the  Ohio,  where  the  City  of  Louisville  now  stands. 
He  also  sent  Rocheblave,  the  former  commander  of  Kaskaskia,  a  prisoner  of  war  to 
Riclimond.  The  county  of  Illinois  was  established  in  October  of  the  same  year,  by  the 
Legislature  of  Virginia.  John  Todd  was  appointed  Lieutenant-Colonel  and  acting  gov- 
ernor. Courts  were  established,  and  the  colony  was  provided  with  a  government  com- 
plete.    The  Indians  acknowledged  allegiance  to  tiie  new  government. 

Wliile  Col.  Clark  was  arranging  for  the  government  of  the  Illinois  colonies,  the 
British  Governor,  Hamilton,  was  planning  an  expedition  to  move  from  Detroit  down  the 
Wabash  to  Vincennes,  intending  to  recapture  the  posts  which  had  surrendered  to  Clark, 
and  thence  extend  his  operations  to  Kentuckj*.  He  knew  nothing  of  the  capitulation  of 
Vincennes  until  his  arrival,  when  he  found  the  fort  in  command  of  Capt.  Helm,  who 
had  been  sent  by  Col.  Clark  to  take  charge  of  the  garrison.  Hamilton  demanded  the 
surrender  of  the  fort,  and  being  granted  the  rights  of  a  prisoner  of  war,  Capt.  Helm 
surrendered  to  a  superior  force.  On  the  2yth  of  January,  1779,  Clark  received  intelli- 
gence of  what  had  transpired  at  Vincennes,  and  of  the  intended  operations  of  Hamilton. 
Having  sufficiently  garrisoned  Kaskaskia  and  Kahokia,  and  dispatched  a  force  down  the 
Mississippi  to  ascend  the  Oiiin  and  operate  with  the  land  forces  in  that  direction,  on  the 
.Oth  of  Felnuary  he  set  out  iiim.>L'lf  with  one  hundred  and  twenty  men  on  his  hard  march 
to  Vincennes.  He  reached  liic  fort  on  the  '22d,  and  was  joined  by  the  remainder  of  his 
command,  which  liad  come  by  water.  He  immediately  commenced  his  attack  on  the  fort, 
and  on  the  'I.'nh  Gov.  Hamilton  surrendered.  He  was  sent  as  a  prisoner  of  war  to  Virginia, 
where  he  was  kept  in  close  confinement,  and  thus  failed  to  accomplish  his  purpose  of 
uniting  the  Indian  trii)es  against  the  Americans.  All  the  important  posts  in  the  North- 
west, excei)t  Detroit,  were  now  in  the  hands  of  the  Americans.  Had  Clark  received 
reinforcements,  wiiich  had  been  jjromised,  he  would  doubtless  have  captured  Detroit 
also  ;  but  Virginia  and  the  other  colonial  governments  at  this  time  doubtless  had  all  they 
could  do  to  attend  to  the  operations  of  the  war  east  of  the  Alleghanies.  The  Legis- 
lature of  Virginia  passed  resolutions  complimenting  Col.  Clark  and  his  men,  and  in  1781 
he  was  promoted  to  the  rank  of  general.  Previous  to  this  he  had  taken  part  with  Steuben 
against  Arnold,  when  the  latter  invaded  Virginia,  in  1780.  Subsequently,  Virginia  gave 
to  Gen.  Clark  and  his  men  one  hundred  and  fifty  thousand  acres  of  land',  wherever  they 
might  choose  to  locate  it,  north  of  the  Ohio.  They  made  selection  of  a  tract  opposite 
the  Falls  of  Ohio,  between  New  Albany  and  Jeffei-sonvillc,  Indiana.  Gen.  Clark  died 
near  Louisville,  Kentucky,  February  13,  1808. 

The  years  1781  and  1782  were  dark  years  in  the  history  of  the  infant  settlements  of  the 
Northwest,  in  consequence  of  the  many" outrages  practiced  by  the  Indians.  Many  deeds 
of  cruelty  weie  committed  under  the  leadei-ship  of  the  outlaw,  Simon  Girty,  occurring 
chiefly  in  the  Ohio  Valley.  Several  battles  between  the  Indians  and  frontiersmen  occurred 
north  of  the  Ohio,  while  in  Kentucky  the  famous  Daniel  Boone  and  his  companions  were 
engaged  in  protecting  the  frontier  outposts. 

In  178;j  the  treaty  of  peace,  which  ended  the  Revolutionary  struggle,  was  concluded, 
and  by  its  terms  the  boundaries  of  the  West  were  defined  as  follows:  On  the  north,  to 
extend  along  the  center  of  the  (Jreat  Lakes;  from  the  western  point  of  Lake  Superior 
to  Long  Lake ;  thence  to  the  Lake  of  the  Woods  j  thence  to  the  head  of  the  Mississippi 


THE  NORTHWEST  TERRITORY.  21 

river,  down  its  center  to  the  31st  parallel  of  latitude  ;  thence  on  that  line  east  to  the 
head  of  Appalachicola  river,  down  its  center  to  the  junction  with  the  Flint;  thence 
straight  to  the  head  of  St.  Mary's  river ;  and  thence  down  along  its  center  to  the 
Atlantic  Ocean. 

For  some  time  after  the  cessation  of  hostilities,  General  Haldimand,  the  British 
commander  at  Detroit,  refused  to  evacuate,  on  the  ground,  as  he  claimed,  that  his  king 
had  not  ordered  him  to  do  so.  It  shortly,  however,  passed  under  the  control  of  the  United 
States,  and  so  remained,  except  when  held  by  the  British,  through  the  surrender  of  Gen. 
Hull,  for  a  few  weeks  in  August  and  September,  1812. 

The  war  of  independence  had  been  fought  and  gained,  and  England,  as  we  have 
seen,  had  renounced  her  claim  to  the  Northwest,  but  the  Indian  title  was  not  yet  extin- 
guished. From  1783  to  1786  various  treaties  were  made,  by  which  the  Indians  relin- 
quished their  title  to  extensive  tracts  of  territory.  The  individual  States  also  held  claims 
to  the  territory  surrendered  by  Great  Biitain,  and  acts  of  cession  were  necessary  to  vest 
the  title  to  the  soil  in  United  States ;  but  of  this  we  shall  treat  more  fully  in  another 
place.  In  1779  Virginia  had  passed  her  "land  laws,"  by  which  grants  made  to  settlers 
were  confirmed,  and  providing  for  selling  the  rest  at  forty  cents  per  acre.  Kentucky  was 
included  in  the  territory  of  Virginia  until  1792.  It  was  originally  explored  by  Daniel 
Boone  and  his  compeers  about  the  )-ear  1769.  Harrodsburg  was  founded  in  1774,  and 
Lexington  a  year  or  two  later,  when  the  news  of  the  battle  of  Lexington  was  fresh  in 
the  minds  of  its  founders. 


CHAPTER  III. 

NORTHWESTERN  TERRITORY. 

Territory  held  by  States  —  Articles  of  Confederation  —  Objections  of  certain  States  —  Delaware  Resolutions  — 
Action  of  Congress  —  Maryland  —  New  York  —  Cession  of  Territory  by  States  —  Ordinance  of  17S7  —  Terri- 
torial Organization  of  the  Northwest  —  Fort  Washington  —  \Vm.  H.  Harrison.  Arthur  St.  Clair — Early 
American  Settlement  —  New  England  Company  —  Gen.  Rufus  Putnam  —  John  Cleves  Symmes —  Cincinnati 
Founded  —  Treaty  with  Spain  —  Division  of  the  Northwestern  Territory  —  Organization  of  the  Territory  of 
Indiana — Division  of  Indiana  Territory  —  Territory  of  Michigan  —  Gov.  \Vm.  Hull — Destruction  of  Detroit 
by  Fire. 

At  the  time  the  Articles  of  Confederation  and  Perpetual  Union  were  pending  a 
number  of  the  States  held,  or  claimed,  large  tracts  of  territory  not  now  included  in  those 
States.  New  York,  Virginia,  Massachusetts,  Connecticut,  Soutii  (.  arolina,  North  Caro- 
lina and  Georgia,  all  held  such  territory.  Virginia  claimed  all  that  vast  region  which 
now  embraces  the  States  of  Ohio,  Indiana,  Illiuois,  Michigan,  Wisconsin  and  that  part  of 
Minnesota  east  of  the  Mississippi  river.  That  State  hati  made  provision,  by  legislative 
enactment,  to  dispose  of  her  lands  to  settlers.  Certain  States,  claiming  that  the  unoccu- 
pied western  lands  were  rightfully  tlie  common  j^roperty  of  all  tlie  States,  insisted  on 
limiting  the  area  of  those  States  claiming  western  territory.  This  was  a  subject  of  warm 
and  protracted  discussion  in  the  adoption  of  tiie  Articles  of  Confederation.  The  dele- 
gates from  Maryland,  under  instructions  from  the  General  Assembly  of  tliat  State, 
declined,  in  the  Congress  of  the  Confederation,  to  sign  the  Articles  of  Confederation 
until  provision  was  made  for  restricting  the  boundaries  of  the  States,  and  vesting  the 
soil  of  the  western  territories  in  the  Confederation  for  the  common  benefit  of  all  the  set- 
tlers. Virginia  had  remonstrated  against  this  course.  On  the  25th  of  November,  1778, 
the  act  of  New  Jersey  for  ratifying  the  Articles  of  Confederation  was  presented  in  the 


22  THE  NORTHWEST  TERRITORY. 

Congress.  Her  delegates  were  directed  to  sign  the  articles  "  in  the  firm  reliance  that  the 
candor  and  justice  of  the  several  States  will,  in  due  time,  remove  as  far  as  possible  the 
ine<iuality  wiiich  now  exists."  The  delegation  from  Delaware,  after  having  signed  the 
articles,  on  the  23d  of  February,  1779,  presented  sundry  resolutions  passed  by  the  legis- 
lature of  that  State,  among  which  were  the  following: 

"Resolvtd.  That  this  State  thinks  it  necessary,  for  the  peace  and  safety  of  the  States  to  be  included  in  the 
Union,  that  a  moderate  extent  of  limits  should  be  assigned  for  such  of  those  Slates  as  claim  to  the  Mississippi  or 
South  Sea ;  and  that  the  United  States  in  Congress  assembled,  should,  and  ought  to,  have  the  power  of  fixing  the 
western  limits. 

"Hesolitd,  That  this  State  consider  themselves  justly  entitled  to  a  right  in  common  with  the  members  of  the 
Union,  to  that  extensive  tract  of  countr)'  which  lies  westward  o(  the  frontier  of  the  United  States,  the  property  of 
which  was  not  vested  in,  or  granted  to,  private  individuals  at  the  commencement  of  the  present  war.  That  tlie  same 
hath  been,  or  may  be,  gained  from  the  King  of  Great  Britain,  or  the  native  Indians,  by  the  blood  and  treasure  of 
all,  and  ought,  therefore,  to  be  a  common  estate,  to  be  granted  out  on  terms  beneficial  to  the  United  States." 

The  same  day,  after  the  presentation  of  these  resolutions,  Congress  passed  the 
following  : 

"  Resolvid,  That  the  paper  laid  before  Congress  by  the  delegates  from  Delaware,  and  read,  be  filed  ;  provided, 
that  it  shall  never  be  considered  as  admitting  any  claim  by  the  same  set  up,  or  intended  to  be  set  up." 

Eight  States  voted  in  favor  of  this  resolutions,  and  three  against  it. 

The  State  of  Maryland  still  persisting  in  her  refusal  to  ratify  the  Articles  of  Con- 
federation, on  the  30th  of  October,  1779,  Congress,  by  a  vote  of  eight  States  to  three, 
and  one  being  divided,  passed  the  following : 

"  Whereas,  The  appropriation  of  vacant  lands  by  the  several  States,  during  the  continuance  of  the  war,  will, 
in  the  opinion  of  Congress,  be  attended  with  great  mischiefs:  Therefore, 

"Resolved,  That  it  be  earnestly  recommended  to  the  State  of  Virginia,  to  reconsider  their  late  act  of  Assembly 
for  opening  their  land  office ;  and  that  it  be  recommended  to  the  said  State,  and  all  other  States  similarly  circum- 
stanced, to  forbear  settling  or  issuing  warrants  lor  unappropriated  lands,  or  granting  the  same  during  the  continu- 
ance of  the  present  war." 

On  the  19th  of  February,  1780,  the  Legislature  of  New  York  piissed  an  act  au- 
thorizing her  delegates  in  Congress,  for  and  on  behalf  of  that  State,  by  proper  and  au- 
thentic acts  or  instruments,  "  to  limit  and  restrict  the  boundaries  of  the  State  in  the  western 
parts  thereof,  by  such  line  or  lines,  and  in  such  manner  and  form,  as  they  shall  judge  to 
be  expedient,"  and  providing  for  the  cession  to  the  United  States  of  certain  "  waste  and 
uncultivated  "  territory.  This  act  was  fully  carried  into  effect  by  her  delegates  on  the 
Istof  March,  1781. 

On  the  6th  of  September,  1780,  Congress  passed  a  resolution  earnestly  recommend- 
ing the  States  having  "  claims  to  the  western  country,  to  pass  such  laws,  and  give  their 
delegates  in  Congress  such  powers"  as  might  effectually  remove  the  only  obstacle  to  a 
final  ratification  of  the  Articles  of  Confederation,  and  retjuesting  the  Legislature  of 
Maryland  to  authorize  her  delegates  in  Congress  to  subscribe  to  the  articles. 

On  the  lOtli  of  October,  1780,  a  further  resolution  on  this  subject  wa^i  passed  by  the 
Congress  of  the  Confederation,  as  follows : 

"Resolved,  That  the  unappropriated  lands  that  may  be  ceded  or  relinquished  to  the  United  States,  by  any  parti- 
cular State,  pursuant  to  the  recommendation  of  Congress  of  the  6th  day  of  .September  last,  shall  be  disposed  of  for 
the  common  benefit  of  the  United  States,  and  be  settled  and  formed  into  distinct  republican  States,  which  shall  be- 
come memlicrs  of  the  I'ederal  Union,  and  have  the  same  rights  of  sovereignty,  freedom  and  inde[>endence  as  the 
other  States  ;  that  each  Slate  which  shall  be  so  formed  shall  contain  a  suitable  extent  of  territory,  not  less  than  one 
hundred,  nor  more  than  one  hundred  and  fifty  miles  square,  or  as  near  thereto  as  circumstances  will  admit  ;  that  the 
necessary  and  reasonable  expenses  which  any  particular  State  shall  have  incurred  since  the  commencement  of  the 
jiretent  war,  in  subduing  any  British  posts,  or  in  maintaining  forts  or  garrisons  within  and  for  the  defense,  or  in  ac- 
tiuiring  any  part  of  the  territory  that  may  be  ceded  or  relinquished  to  the  United  States,  shall  be  re-imbursed  ;  that 
the  said  land>  shall  be  granted  or  settled  at  such  times,  and  under  such  regulations,  as  shall  hereafter  be  agreed  on 
by  the  United  States,  in  Congress  assembled,  or  any  nine  or  more  of  them.' 


THE   NORTHWEST  TERRITORY.  23 

In  pursuance  of  the  recommendation  of  Congress,  of  September  6,  1780,  several 
States  made  cessions  of  territory  to  the  United  States.  Virginia  ceded  her  northwestern 
territory  March  1,  1784,  and  by  an  act  of  her  Legislature  of  December  30,  1788,  agreed 
to  change  the  conditions  of  the  act  of  cession  of  1784,  so  far  as  to  ratify  the  5th  article 
of  the  ordinance  of  1787,  passed  by  Congress  for  the  government  of  the  territory.  The 
delegates  in  Congress  from  Maryland  signed  the  Articles  of  Confederation  at  the  date  of 
the  cession  of  territory  by  New  York,  March  1,  1781,  thus  completing  the  confederation. 

On  the  23d  of  April,  1784,  Congress  passed  a  resolution  for  the  government  of  the 
territory  ceded  by  Virginia,  which  was  superseded  by  the  famous  ordinance  of  July  13, 
1787,  entitled  "  An  ordinance  for  the  government  of  the  territory  of  the  United  States 
northwest  of  the  river  Ohio."  The  first  part  of  this  important  enactment  provides  for 
the  temporarj'  government  of  the  territory,  and  concludes  with  six  "articles  of  compact 
between  the  original  States  and  the  people  and  States  in  the  said  territory,  and  forever 
to  remain  unalterable,  unless  by  common  consent."  The  provisions  of  these  six  articles 
are  of  such  importance  as  to  justify  their  insertion  here  in  full : 

"Article  1.  No  person,  demeaning  himself  in  a  peaceable  and  orderlj'  manner 
shall  ever  be  molested  on  account  of  his  mode  of  worship  or  religious  sentiments,  in  the 
said  territory. 

"  Art.  2.  The  inhabitants  of  the  said  territory  shall  always  be  entitled  to  the  writ 
of  habeas  corpus,  and  of  the  trial  by  jury  ;  of  a  proportionate  representation  of  the  peo- 
ple in  the  legislature,  and  of  judicial  proceedings  according  to  the  course  of  the  common 
law.  All  persons  shall  be  bailable,  unless  for  capital  offenses,  when  the  proof  shall  be 
evident,  or  the  presumption  great.  All  fines  shall  be  moderate,  and  no  cruel  or  unusual 
punishment  shall  be  inflicted.  No  person  shall  be  deprived  of  his  liberty  or  property, 
but  by  the  judgment  of  his  peers,  or  the  law  of  the  land,  and  should  the  public  exigen- 
cies make  it  necessary  for  the  common  preservation  to  take  any  person's  property,  or  to 
demand  his  particular  services,  full  compensation  shall  be  made  for  the  same.  And,  in 
the  just  preservation  of  rights  and  property,  it  is  understood  and  declared  that  no  law 
ought  ever  to  be  made,  or  have  force  in  the  said  territory,  that  should,  in  any  manner 
whatever,  interfere  with  or  affect  private  contracts  or  engagements,  bona  fide,  and  with- 
out fraud  previously  formed. 

"  Art.  3.  Religion,  morality  and  knowledge  being  necessary  to  good  government 
and  the  happiness  of  mankind,  schools  and  the  means  of  education  shall  be  forever 
encouraged.  The  utmost  good  faith  shall  always  be  observed  towards  the  Indians  ;  their 
lands  and  property  shall  never  be  taken  from  them  without  their  consent ;  and  in  their 
property,  rights,  and  liberty,  they  shall  never  be  invaded  or  disturbed,  unless  in  just  and 
lawful  wars  authorized  by  Congress ;  but  laws  founded  in  justice  and  humanity  shall, 
from  time  to  time,  be  made  for  preventing  wrongs  being  done  to  them,  and  for  preserv- 
ing peace  and  friendship  with  them. 

"  Art.  4.  The  said  territory,  and  the  States  which  may  be  formed  therein,  shall 
forever  remain  a  part  of  this  confederacy  of  tlie  United  States  of  Amei'ica,  subject  to  the 
Articles  of  Confederation,  and  to  such  alterations  therein  as  shall  be  constitutionally 
made ;  and  to  all  the  acts  and  ordinances  of  the  United  States,  in  Congress  assembled,  con- 
formable thereto.  The  inhabitants  and  settlers  in  the  said  territory  shall  be  subject  to 
pay  a  part  of  the  federal  debts,  contracted  or  to  be  contracted,  and  a  proportional  part  of 
the  expenses  of  government,  to  be  apportioned  on  them  by  Congress,  according  to  the 
same  common  rule  and  measure  by  which  apportionments  thereof  shall  be  made  on  the 
other  States  ;  and  the  taxes  for  paying  their  proportion  shall  be  laid  and  levied  by  the 
authority  and  direction  of  the  legislatures  of  the  district  or  districts,  or  new  States,  as  in 
the  original  States,  within  the  time  agreed  upon  by  the  United  States,  in  Congress 
assembled.  The  legislatures  of  those  districts,  or  new  States,  shall  never  interfere  with 
the  primary  disposal  of  the  soil  of  the  United  States,  in  Congress  assembled,  nor  with 


24  THE   NOHTHWEST  TERRITOHT 

an)'  regulations  Congress  may  find  necessary,  for  securing  the  title  in  such  soil,  to  the 
bona  fide  purchasers.  No  tax  shall  be  imposed  on  lauds  the  property  of  the  United 
States;  and  in  no  case  shall  non-resident  proprietors  he  taxed  higher  than  residents. 
The  navigable  waters  leading  into  the  Mississippi  and  St.  Lawrence,  and  the  carrying 
places  between  the  same,  shall  be  common  highways  and  forever  free,  as  well  to  the 
inhabitants  of  said  territory  as  to  the  citizens  of  the  United  States,  and  those  of  any 
other  States  that  may  be  admitted  into  the  Confederacy,  without  any  tax,  impost,  or  duty 
therefor. 

"Art.  5.  There  shall  be  formed  in  the  said  territory  not  less  than  three,  nor  more 
than  five  States ;  and  the  boundaries  of  the  States,  as  soon  as  Virginia  shall  alter  her  act 
of  cession,  and  consent  to  the  same,  shall  become  fixed  and  established  as  follows,  to-wit : 
the  Western  States  in  the  said  territor}-  shall  be  bounded  by  the  Mississippi,  the  Ohio 
and  Wabash  rivers;  a  direct  line  drawn  from  the  Wal)ash  and  Post  Vincents  due  north 
to  the  territorial  line  between  the  United  States  and  Canada,  and  by  the  said  territorial 
line  to  the  Lake  of  the  Woods  and  Mississip])i.  The  Middle  States  shall  be  bounded  by 
the  said  direct  line,  the  Wabash,  from  Post  Vincents  to  the  Ohio,  by  the  Ohio,  by  a  direct 
line  drawn  due  north  from  the  mouth  of  the  Great  Miami  to  the  said  territorial  line  and  by 
the  said  territorial  line.  The  Eastern  States  shall  be  bounded  by  the  last-mentioned  direct 
line,  the  Ohio,  Pennsylvania,  and  the  said  territorial  line  ;  provided,  however,  and  it  is 
further  understood  and  declared  that  the  boundaries  of  these  three  States  shall  be  subject 
so  far  to  be  alleied  that  if  Congress  shall  hereafter  find  it  expedient,  they  shall  have 
authority  to  form  one  or  two  States  in  that  part  of  the  said  territory  wiiicli  lies  north  of 
an  east  and  west  line  drawn  through  tlie  southerlj'  bend  or  extreme  of  Lake  Michigan. 
And  whenever  any  of  the  said  States  shall  have  sixty  thousand  free  inhabitants  therein, 
such  State  shall  be  admitted,  by  its  delegates,  into  the  Congress  of  the  United  States  on 
an  equal  footing  with  the  original  States,  in  all  respects  whatever;  and  shall  be  at  liberty 
to  form  a  permanent  constitution  and  State  government,  provided  the  constitution  and 
government  so  to  be  formed  shall  be  republican,  and  in  conformity  to  the  principles  con- 
tained in  these  articles,  and  so  far  as  can  be  consistent  with  the  general  interests  of  the 
Confederacy,  such  admission  sliall  be  allowed  at  an  earlier  period,  and  when  there  may  be 
a  less  number  of  free  inhabitants  in  the  State  than  sixty  thousand. 

"  AuT.  G.  There  shall  be  neither  slavery  nor  involuntary  servitude  in  the  said  ter- 
ritory, otiierwise  tlian  in  the  punishment  of  crimes,  whereof  the  party  shall  be  duly  con- 
victed;  provided,  always,  tiiat  any  person  escaping  into  the  same  from  whom  labor  or 
service  is  lawfully  claimed  in  any  one  of  the  original  States,  such  fugitive  may 
be  lawfully  reclaimed  and  conveyed  to  the  person  claiming  his  or  her  labor  or  services 
as  aforesaid." 

These  articles,  sometimes  known  as  the  "  Compact  of  1787,"  form  the  basis  of  the 
organization  of  the  Northwestern  Territory  and  of  the  several  States  into  whicli  it  was 
subscfiueiitly  divided.  Although  the  original  act  of  cession  was  adopted  by  Virginia  in 
17H4,  it  will  be  seen  that  it  was  three  years  later  before  Congress  agieed  upon  a  plan  of 
government.  The  suiiject  was  one  of  serious  and  earnest  discussion  at  various  times.  At 
one  time  a  motion  prevailed  to  strike  from  the  jiroposed  plan  the  prohibitiim  of  slavery. 
Anotlier  proposition  was  agreed  to  by  which  the  territory  was  to  be  divided  into  States 
by  parallels  and  meridian  lines,  making  ten  States  which  were  to  be  named  as  follows  : 
Sylvania,  Michigania,  Chersonesus,  Assenisipia,  Metropotaniia,  Illenoia,  Saratoga,  Wash- 
ington, Polypotamia  and  I'elisipia.  When  this  plan  was  submitted  to  the  legislatures  of 
the  States  there  were  serious  objections  made,  esj)ecial]y  by  Massachusetts  and  Virginia. 
There  were  objections  to  the  category  of  names,  but  the  chief  difficulty  was  the  resolu- 
tion of  Congress  of  October  lOlh,  17sb.  which  fixed  the  extent  of  each  State  at  not  less 
than  one  hundred  nor  more  than  one  hundred  and  fifty  miles  square,  or  as  near  thereto 
as  uircuuislances  might  admit.     So  the  subject  was  again  taken  up  in  178G,and  discussed 


THE   NORTHWEST  TERRITORY.  25 

during  that  year  and  until  July  12th,  1787,  when  the  ordinance  finally  passed,  as  stated 
above. 

An  act  of  territorial  organization  was  approved  August  7th,  1789.  Gen.  Arthur  St. 
Clair  was  appointed  Governor,  and  William  H.  Harrison  Secretary.  In  1788  a  town  had 
been  laid  out  by  John  Cleves  Symmes  at  Fort  Washington,  and  was  named  Losantiville, 
but  afterward  Cincinnati.  The  place  was  settled  by  persons  from  the  New  England  States 
and  from  New  Jersey,  but  did  not  extensively  improve  until  after  Gen.  Wayne's  defeat 
of  the  Indians  in  1794.  This  became  the  seat  of  the  new  territorial  government.  The 
election  of  representatives  for  the  territory  was  held  February  4th,  1799.  As  required 
by  the  ordinance  of  1787,  these  representatives  met  at  the  seat  of  the  territorial  govern- 
ment to  nominate  ten  persons,  out  of  which  Congress  was  to  appoint  five  to  serve  as  the 
territorial  council.  The  following  persons  were  commissioned  :  Henry  Vandenburg,  of 
Vincennes  ;  Robert  Oliver,  of  Marietta  ;  James  Findlay  and  Jacob  Burnett,  of  Cincin- 
nati, and  David  Vance,  of  Vanceville.  The  first  Territorial  Legislature  met  September 
I6th,  1799,  and  on  the  •24th  both  houses  were  duly  organized,  Henry  Vandenburg  being 
elected  president  of  the  council.  On  the  13th  of  October  the  legislatui-e  elected  Wm. 
Henry  Harrison  as  a  delegate  to  Congress.  He  received  eleven  of  the  votes  cast,  being 
a  majority  of  one  over  his  opponent,  Arthur  St.  Clair,  son  of  the  Governor.  At  this  ses- 
sion tiiirty-seven  acts  were  passed  and  approved.  Eleven  other  acts  were  passed  which 
the  Governor  vetoed.  The  greater  part  of  the  legislation  of  the  session  related  to  the 
organization  of  the  militia  and  to  revenue  matters.  The  session  closed  December  19th, 
1799.  President  Adams  appointed  Charles  Willing  Bryd  as  secretary  of  the  territory  to 
succeed  William  Henry  Harrison,  elected  to  Congress,  and  the  senate  confirmed  the  nomi- 
nation. James  N.  Varnum,  S.  H.  Parsons  and  John  Armstrong  were  appointed  to  the  judi- 
cial bench  of  the  territory  in  October,  1787. 

Having  briefly  outlined  the  legislation  which  resulted  in  the  formation  of  a  tei'rito- 
rial  government,  we  return  to  notice  some  of  the  earlier  American  settlements  in  the 
territory.  As  elsewhere  stated,  a  few  French  settlements  had  been  made  by  emigrants 
from  Canada  and  Louisiana,  on  the  Ohio  river  and  in  the  region  known  as  the  Illinois 
country,  but  it  was  not  until  after  the  Virginia  cession  that  any  permanent  American  set- 
tlements were  made.  Then  several  treaties  were  made  with  the  Indians,  in  which  they 
relinquished  their  title  to  large  portions  of  the  territory.  The  government  made  several 
large  grants  to  companies  and  individuals,  for  the  purpose  of  colonizing  the  country.  One 
of  these  was  to  a  company  from  Massachusetts  and  Connecticut,  called  the  New  England 
Company,  of  a  tract  lying  along  the  Ohio  and  Muskingum  rivers,  embracing  1,500,000 
acres.  Here  the  town  of  Marietta  was  laid  out.  in  August,  1787,  at  the  confluence  of  the 
Muskingum  and  Ohio  rivers.  Fort  Harmar  was  built  on  the  opposite,  or  west  bank  of  the 
Muskingum,  the  year  before.  The  New  England  Company  sent  its  first  party  of  settlers 
in  the  Spring  of  1788.  They  consisted  of  eight  families,  and  some  other  persons,  and  all 
under  the  superintendency  of  Gen.  Rufus  Putnam.  The  party,  after  a  long  and  weary 
journey  over  tlie  AUeghanies,  and  down  the  Ohio,  arrived  at  Marietta  on  the  7th  of 
April,  1788.  This  little  band  had  the  honor  of  being  the  pioneers  of  Ohio,  unless  the 
Moravian  missionaries  may  be  so  regarded.  The  settlement  was  first  known  as  the  "  Mus- 
kingum," but  on  the  2d  day  of  July,  1788,  at  a  meeting  of  the  directors  and  agents 
of  the  company,  the  name  was  changed  to  Marietta,  in  honor  of  Marie  Antoinette. 

In  1786,  John  Cleves  Sj'mmes,  of  New  Jersey,  visited  tlie  country  between  the 
Miamies,  and  being  pleased  with  its  appearance,  made  application  to  the  government  for 
the  purchase  of  a  large  tract  of  land,  to  be  settled  on  similar  conditions  with  those  of  the 
New  England  Company.  The  grant  was  made  to  Symmes  and  his  associates  the  follow- 
ing year.  Associated  with  Symmes,  was  Matthias  Deuman,  also  of  New  Jersey,  who 
located,  among  other  tracts  in  the  Symmes  purchase,  the  section  upon  which  Cincinnati 
was  laid  out.     Denman  sold  to  Robert  Patterson  and  John  Filson,  each  one-third  of  his 


26  THE   NORTHWEST  TERRITORY. 

location,  retaining  the  other  third  himself.  In  August,  1788,  they  laid  out  the  first  por- 
tion of  what,  in  a  few  years,  became  one  of  the  great  cities  of  the  West.  Fort  Washing- 
ton was  erected  here  in  171*0,  and  was  for  some  time  the  headquarters  of  both  the  civil 
and  military  governments  of  the  Northwestern  Territor}-.  There  were  but  few  settlers 
here  until  after  1794,  when  settlers  began  to  arrive  rapidly.  In  July,  1815,  the  popula- 
tion was  6,500. 

In  October,  1795,  the  treaty  was  signed  between  the  United  States  and  Spain,  which 
secured  to  the  former  the  free  navigation  of  the  Mississijipi.  After  this  the  Northwest 
began  to  settle  rapidly.  During  the  next  year  settlements  were  made  at  various  points 
along  the  Miami  and  Scioto  rivers,  including  those  at  Piqua  and  Chillicothe.  In  Septem- 
ber, of  the  same  year,  the  city  of  Cleveland  was  laid  out. 

The  great  extent  of  the  Northwestern  Territory,  and  the  rapid  increase  of  population 
at  the  beginning  of  the  new  century,  began  to  render  the  eflBcient  action  of  the  courts 
impossible  ;  and  to  remedy  this  evil  a  division  of  the  Territory-  was  proposed.  A  com- 
mittee in  Congress,  to  whom  the  matter  had  been  referred,  on  the  ;;d  of  March,  1800, 
reported  in  favor  of  two  distinct  territorial  governments,  and  that  the  division  be  made 
by  a  line  beginning  at  the  mouth  of  the  Great  Miami  river,  and  running  directly  to  the 
boundary  line  between  the  United  States  and  Canada.  The  report  was  accepted,  and  an 
act  passed,  which  was  approved  May  7th,  of  the  same  year,  making  the  division.  It  pro- 
vided, among  other  things,  that  from  and  after  the  next  -Jthday  of  July,  "all  that  part  of  the 
territory  of  the  United  States  northwest  of  the  Ohio  river,  which  lies  to  the  northward 
of  a  line  beginning  at  a  point  on  tlie  Ohio,  opposite  to  the  nioutii  of  the  Kentucky  river, 
and  running  thence  to  Fort  Recovery,  and  tlience  north  until  it  sliall  intersect  the  terri- 
torial line  between  the  United  States  and  Canada,  shall,  for  the  purpose  of  lemponiry 
government,  constitute  a  separate  territory,  and  be  called  the  Indiana  Territory."  The 
same  act  provided,  that  uiiiil  tlie  Legislatures  of  the  Territories,  respectively,  otherwise 
ordered,  Chillicothe.  on  the  Scioto  river,  should  be  the  seat  of  government  of  the  Terri- 
tory east  of  the  line  of  division  ;  and  that  Vincennes,  on  the  Wabash  river,  should  be  the 
seat  of  government  of  the  Indiana  Territory.  On  the  3d  of  November,  of  that  year,  the 
Territorial  Legislature  met  at  Cliillicothe.  William  Henry  Harrison  was  appointed  Gov- 
ernor of  Indiana  Territory,  and  entered  upon  his  duties  in  1^01.  Tiie  new  Territory  then 
embraced  all  that  region  now  comprising  the  States  of  Indiana,  Illinois,  Michigan,  Wis- 
consin, and  that  jjart  of  Minnesota  east  of  the  Mississii)i)i  river.  Nearly  the  whole  of  it 
was  at  that  time  in  the  possession  of  the  Indians.  Soon  after  the  ariival  of  Governor 
Harrison  at  Vincennes,  he  concluded  several  treaties  with  the  Indians,  whereby  large 
grants  of  land  were  obtained  from  the  various  tribes.  By  a  treaty  made  at  St.  Louis, 
August  18th,  1801,  he  ol)taincd  a  relinquishment  of  Indian  title  to  over  51,000,000  of 
acres.  Tiie  year  before,  tlie  government  had  obtained  Louisiana  froni  France,  by  pur- 
chase, and  that  being  divided,  the  "  District  of  Louisiana"  (^tlie  "  New  Nortliwest  ")  was 
annexed  to  Indiana  Territory,  thus  extending  Gov.  Harrison's  authority  over  a  vast  domain, 
occuj)ied  chiefly  1)}'  savage  tribes. 

B}'  an  act  of  Congress,  of  January  11th,  1805,  Indiana  Territory  was  divided  into  two 
separate  governments,  and  the  new  Territory  of  Michigan  formed.  William  Hull  was 
appointed  Governor  of  tlie  new  Territory,  and  Detroit  was  designated  as  the  scat  of  gov- 
ernment. On  the  .'JOth  of  June  the  Territorial  government  of  Michigan  was  to  go  into 
operation.  When  Gov.  Hull,  and  the  other  Territorial  officers,  readied  Detroit,  they 
found  the  place  in  ruins  and  the  inhabitants  scattered.  On  the  11th  of  that  month  a  fire 
had  destroyed  almost  every  building  in  the  place.  Gov.  Hull  adopted  a  new  plan 
for  rebuilding  the  town,  and  in  population  and  importance  it  soon  regained  all  it  had 
lost  by  the  fire. 

Other  changes  were  subseiiuently  made  in  the  boundaries  of  the  Western  Territories, 
as  new  States  were  from  time  to  time  admitted  into  the  Union,  until  finally,  all  that  vast 
domain  originally  designated  as  the  "  Northwestern  Territory  "  became  sovereign  States. 


THE   NORTHWEST  TERRITORY.  27 

CHAPTER  IV. 

THE   LOUISIANA  PURCHASE. 

Discovery  of  the  Moulh  of  the  Mississippi  —  Founding  of  New  Orlean^— French  Grant  —  John  Law  —  The  "Mis- 
sissippi Bubble"  —  Territory  West  of  the  Mississippi — France  CedestoSpain  —  Spain  Cedes  Back  to  France  — 
France  Cedes  to  the  United  States  —  Right  to  Navigate  the  Mississippi  —  Particulars  of  the  Negotiations  With 
France  —  Extent  of  the  Territory  —  Possession  Taken  by  the  United  States  —  Division  of  the  Territory. 

That  vast  region  of  territory  once  known  as  Louisiana,  came  under  the  jurisdiction 
of  civilized  men  by  the  right  of  discovery  —  a  right  whicii  has  long  been  known  and 
recognized  among  civilized  nations,  though  often  necessarily  followed  by  conquest  to  ren- 
der it  effective.  For  two  centuries  the  Spaniards  had  navigated  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  so 
far  as  we  know,  ignorant  of  the  fact  that  it  received  the  waters  of  one  of  the  largest 
rivers  of  the  world.  About  the  year  1600  the  French,  who  had  re-established  them- 
selves in  Canada,  received  some  information  of  this  great  river,  but  did  not  discover 
its  mouth  until  1691,  when,  according  to  some  authorities.  La  Salle  succeeded  in  reach- 
ing it.  Iberville  founded  his  first  colony  in  1699,  but  it  did  not  assume  importance  until 
1717,  when  the  city  of  New  Orleans  was  founded.  In  1712  Louis  XIV  of  France  granted 
to  M.  Crozart  a  charter  to  the  whole  territory  of  Louisiana,  which  was  so  named  in  honor 
of  the  king.  Under  the  leadership  of  John  Law,  in  1716,  a  company  was  formed  in  Paris  and 
incorporated  as  the  "  Mississippi  Company,"  which  purchased  Louisiana  from  the  crown. 
The  financial  disasters  in  France  caused  by  Law  brought  about  the  failure  of  his  Missis- 
sippi scheme,  and  the  explosion  of  what  is  known  in  history  as  the  "  Mississippi  bubble." 
Louisiana  was  then  resumed  by  the  crown,  and  the  commerce  of  the  Mississippi  was 
declared  free.  The  French  retained  possession  until  1762,  when  they  ceded  it  to  Spain, 
including  the  whole  country  to  the  head  waters  of  the  great  river  and  west  to  the  Rocky 
Mountains.  The  jurisdiction  of  France,  which  had  continued  for  nearly  a  century,  thus 
ended,  until  in  1800  Bonaparte,  then  first  consul,  induced  the  Spanish  government  to 
cede  it  back  to  France.  During  the  time  that  Louisiana  remained  a  Spanish  dependency, 
that  government  claimed  the  exclusive  right  of  navigating  the  Mississippi  river.  The 
free  navigation  of  that  river  was  essential  to  the  prosperity  and  commerce  of  the  United 
States.  Sjjain  then  having  jurisdiction  also  over  the  Floridas  east  of  the  great  river,  and 
that  river  for  several  hundred  miles  flowing  wholly  through  the  Spanish  diminions,  the 
question  of  its  navigation  south  of  the  southern  boundary  of  the  United  States  became 
a  serious  one  to  our  government  and  people.  The  people  in  the  western  part  of  the 
United  States  especially  demanded  the  free  navigation  of  the  river  as  a  right.  But 
Spanish  militar}-  posts  enforced  the  collection  of  duties  on  imports  by  way  of  the  river 
for  the  upper  region.  Boats  descending  were  forced  to  submit  to  revenue  exactions  by 
Spanish  authorities.  These  exactions  were  a  constant  source  ot  trouble  and  disaffection, 
and  led  to  a  threatening  state  of  afi'airs  between  the  United  States  and  Spain.  Spain, 
however,  by  the  treaty  of  Madrid,  October  20,  1795,  conceded  to  the  United  States  the 
free  navigation  of  the  river  from  its  source  to  the  Gulf,  and  also  the  free  use  of  the  port 
of  New  Orleans  for  three  years  as  a  port  of  deposit. 

The  treaty  of  Madrid,  however,  did  not  quiet  all  troubles  between  the  United  States 
and  Spain.  In  1802,  during  the  administration  of  President  Jefferson,  there  was  some 
apprehension  of  a  war  growing  out  of  the  continued  disputes  respecting  the  southwestern 
boundary.  These  disputes  had  led  to  many  difficulties  between  the  people  of  the  United 
States  and  the  Spanish  authorities.     These  affairs,  however,  assumed  a  new  aspect,  when 


28  THE   NORTHWEST  TEHHITORY. 

in  the  Spring  of  1802  the  Government  of  the  United  States  received  intelligence  that, 
by  a  secret  treaty  made  in  October,  1800,  Sj)ain  had  ceded  Louisiana  to  France.  At  this 
time  Mr.  Livingston  was  the  United  States  Minister  to  France,  ;ind  President  Jefferson, 
soon  after  learning  of  the  Spanish  cession  to  France,  wrote  to  Mr.  Livingston  in  refer- 
ence to  acquiring  the  right  to  deposit  at  the  port  of  New  Orleans,  and  otiier  matters 
which  had  been  in  dispute  between  the  L^nited  States  and  Spain.  In  his  annual  message 
to  Congress,  in  December  of  the  same  year,  the  President  alluded  to  the  subject  of  the 
Spanish  cession  to  France.  Congress  passed  resolutions  asserting  the  right  of  navigating 
the  Mississippi,  and  insisting  upon  the  right  to  the  use  of  a  port  or  a  place  of  deposit. 
At  that  time  it  was  understood  in  the  United  States  that  the  Spanish  cession  to  France 
included  the  Floridas,  which,  however,  was  not  the  case.  The  jiolicy  of  the  President 
was  to  enter  into  a  treaty  with  France  for  the  purchase  of  New  (Orleans  and  the  Floridas, 
and  with  this  view,  on  the  10th  of  January,  1803,  he  appointed  James  Monroe  minister 
plenipotentiary  to  France  to  act  in  conjunction  with  Mr.  Livingston.  Mr.  Monroe's 
nomination  was  confirmed  by  the  Senate.  The  instructions  to  the  American  ministers 
only  asked  for  the  cession  of  the  city  of  New  Orleans  and  the  Floridas,  together  with 
the  free  navigation  of  the  Mississippi.  The  cession  at  this  time  of  the  entire  Territory 
of  Louisiana  was  not  a  subject  of  discussion.  Mr.  Monroe  sailed  from  New  York  March 
8,  1803,  and  arrived  in  Paris  April  1. 

Bonaparte  was  then  fii-st  consul,  and  France  was  on  the  eve  of  a  war  with  England. 
He  supposed  the  American  ministers  were  authorized  to  enter  into  more  extended  stipu- 
lations than  they  really  were.  Marquis  de  Marbois  was  directed  to  negotiate  with  the 
American  ministers.     Said  the  first  consul  to  his  minister,  as  recorded  by  the  latter : 

"  Irresolution  and  deliberation  are  no  longer  in  season.  I  renounce  Louisiana.  It 
is  not  only  New  Orleans  that  I  will  cede  ;  it  is  the  whole  colon}-,  without  any  reserva- 
tion. I  know  the  price  of  what  I  abandon,  and  I  have  sufficiently  proved  the  importance 
that  I  attach  to  this  province,  since  my  first  diplomatic  act  with  Spain  had  for  its  cibject 
the  recovery  of  it.  I  renounce  it  with  the  greatest  regret.  To  attempt  to  retain  it 
would  be  folly.  I  direct  you  to  negotiate  this  affair  with  the  envoys  of  the  United  States. 
Do  not  even  await  the  arrival  of  Mr.  Monroe  ;  have  an  interview  this  day  with  Mr. 
Livingston.  But  I  require  a  great  deal  of  money  for  this  war,  and  I  would  not  like  to 
commence  with  new  contributions.  If  I  should  regulate  my  terms,  according  to  the 
value  of  these  vast  regions  to  the  United  States,  the  indemnity  wmdd  have  no  limits. 
I  will  be  moderate,  in  consideration  of  the  necessity  in  which  I  am  of  making  a  sale. 
But  keep  this  to  yourself.  I  want  fifty  millions  francs,  and  for  less  than  that  sum  I  will 
not  treat ;  I  would  rather  make  a  desperate  attempt  to  keep  those  fine  countries.  To- 
morrow you  shall  have  full  powers.  Mr.  Monroe  is  on  the  point  of  arriving.  To  this 
minister  the  President  must  have  given  secret  instructions,  more  extensive  than  the 
ostensible  authorization  of  Congress,  for  the  stipulation  of  the  payments  to  be  made. 
Neither  this  minister  nor  his  colleague  is  prepared  for  a  decision  whicii  goes  infinitely 
beyond  any  thing  tiiat  they  are  about  to  ask  of  us.  Begin  by  making  them  the  overture 
without  any  subterfuge.  You  will  acquaint  me,  day  by  day,  hour  by  liour,  of  your 
progress.  The  cabinet  of  London  is  informed  of  the  measures  adopted  at  Washington, 
but  it  can  have  no  suspicion  of  those  which  I  am  now  taking.  Observe  the  greatest 
secrecy,  and  recommend  it  to  the  American  ministers  ;  they  have  not  a  less  interest  than 
yourself  in  conforming  to  this  counsel.  You  will  correspond  with  M.  de  Talleyrand, 
who  alone  knows  my  intentions.  If  I  attended  to  his  advice,  France  would  confine  her 
ambition  to  the  left  bank  of  the  Rhine,  and  would  only  make  war  to  protect  any  dismem- 
berment of  her  pos-sessions.  Hut  he  also  admits  that  the  cession  of  Louisiana  is  not  a 
dismemberment  of  France.     Keep  him  informed  of  the  progress  of  this  affair." 

On  the  same  day  that  Napoleon  thus  confided  to  Marbois  his  determination,  confer- 
ences began  between  the  latter  and  Mr.  Livingston.     The  American  minister  had  been 


THE   NORTHWEST  TERRITORY.  29 

in  Paris  about  two  years,  endeavoring  to  obtain  indemnities  claimed  bj'  American 
citizens  for  prizes  made  by  the  French  during  peace,  but  so  far,  without  result  further 
than  vafue  answers.  Mr.  Livingston  had  become  distrustful  of  tlie  French  government, 
and  feared  the  Louisiana  overtures  were  but  an  artifice  to  gain  still  further  time.  Soon 
after  these  preliminary  discussions  were  entered  upon,  Mr.  Monroe  arrived  in  Paris,  and 
the  next  day  began  his  conferences  with  Marbois.  Rapid  progress  was  made  in  the 
neo-otiations,  for  both  sides  had  an  interest  in  hastening  the  matter.  Mr.  Monroe  was 
surprised  to  hear  the  first  overtures  made  so  frankly  by  the  French  minister,  when  he 
proposed  to  cede  to  the  United  States  so  vast  a  region  of  country,  with  the  largest  rivers 
in  the  world,  instead  of  merely  a  town  and  an  inconsiderable  extent  of  territory.  The 
offer  embraced  infinitely  more  than  the  American  ministers  were  empowered  to  ask  for, 
or  accept.  Their  powers  only  extended  to  an  arrangement  respecting  the  left  bank  of 
the  Mississippi,  including  New  Orleans.  But  the  moment  was  a  critical  one  with  France, 
hostilities  being  about  to  commence  with  England.  There  was  not  time  for  further  in- 
structions from  the  government  of  the  United  States  before  the  opportunity  would  pass, 
perhaps  forever.  The  American  ministers  therefore  assumed  the  responsibility  of  treat- 
ing for  the  purchase  of  the  entire  colony,  or  territory  of  Louisiana  —  an  extent  of  country 
sufficient  in  itself  for  an  empire.  The  terms  were  soon  agreed  upon.  The  United  States 
was  to  pay  for  this  vast  acquisition  the  sum  of  fifteen  millions  of  dollars.  In  the  treaty 
of  October  1,  1800,  between  France  and  Spain,  the  latter  had  reserved  the  right  of 
preference  in  case  France  should  cede  this  territory  to  another  power  ;  but  here  again 
France  could  not  afford  to  wait.  The  treaty  was  concluded  and  subsequently  submitted 
to  the  Spanish  cabinet.  They  complained  that  no  regard  had  been  paid  to  their  reserved 
right,  and  for  almost  a  year  that  court  delayed  its  approbation  of  the  treaty.  On  the 
10th  of  February,  1804,  however,  Don  Pedro  Cavallos,  the  Spanish  minister,  wrote  to 
Mr.  Pinckney,  the  American  minister,  that  "  His  Catholic  Majesty  had  thought  fit  to  re- 
nounce his  opposition  to  the  alienation  of  Louisiana  made  by  France,  notwithstanding 
the  solid  reasons  on  which  it  is  founded,  thereby  giving  a  new  proof  of  his  benevolence 
and  friendship  to  the  United  States."  The  important  treaty  that  gave  to  the  United 
States  this  vast  region,  with  all  its  wonderful  resources,  was  concluded  on  the  30th  of 
April,  1803,  and  four  days  later  the  instruments,  in  French  and  English,  were  signed  by 
the  ministers.  After  affixing  their  signatures,  the  ministers  rose  and  shook  hands,  each 
expressing  his  satisfaction  with  the  result.  Mr.  Livingston  said :  "  We  have  lived  long, 
but  this  is  the  noblest  work  of  our  whole  lives.  The  treaty  wiiich  we  have  just  signed 
has  not  been  obtained  by  art,  or  dictated  by  force ;  equally  advantageous  to  the  two  con- 
tracting parties,  it  will  change  vast  solitudes  into  flourishing  districts.  From  this  day 
the  United  States  take  their  place  among  the  powers  of  the  first  rank  ;  the  English  lose 
all  exclusive  influence  in  the  affairs  of  America." 

The  first  consul,  who  had  followed  the  negotiation  with  a  lively  interest,  acquiesced 
in  the  result,  and  said  to  Marbois:  "It  is  true,  the  negotiation  does  not  leave  me  any- 
thing to  desire.  Sixty  millions  [francs]  for  an  occupation  that  will  not,  perhaps,  last  for 
a  day !  I  would  that  France  should  enjoy  this  unexpected  capital,  and  that  it  may  be 
employed  in  works  beneficial  to  the  marine.  This  accession  of  territory  strengthens  for- 
ever the  power  of  the  United  States  ;  and  I  have  just  given  to  England  a  maritime  rival 
that  will  sooner  or  later  humble  her  pride." 

On  the  22d  day  of  May,  1803,  England  commenced  hostilities  against  France  by  the 
capture  of  some  of  her  merchant  vessels,  and  on  the  same  day  Bonaparte  gave  his  formal 
ratification  of  the  Louisiana  treaty  of  cession.  In  July  the  treaty  was  received  in  the 
United  States,  and  on  the  20th  of  October,  1803,  it  was  ratified  by  the  Senate,  by  twenty- 
four  against  seven  votes.  The  country  ceded  by  this  treaty,  as  estimated  at  that  time, 
exceeded  a  million  of  square  miles,  all  occupied  by  savages,  except  a  few  sparse  settle- 
ments, aggregating  from  80,000  to  90,000  inhabitants,  about  40,000  of  whom  were  slaves. 


go  THE  NORTHWEST  TERRITORY. 

The  whites  were  chiefly  French  or  descendants  of  French.  Congress,  a  few  days  after 
the  ratification  of  the  treaty  by  the  Senate,  passed  an  act  making  provision  for  the  occu- 
pation and  temporary  government  of  the  territory  acquired.  Eleven  millions  of  dollars 
were  appropriated  as  payment  for  the  purchase — the  remaining  four  millions  being  re- 
served, according  to  a  stipulation  in  the  treaty,  to  indemnify  citizens  of  the  United  States 
who  had  sustained  losses  at  the  hands  of  the  French.  The  resolution  for  carrj-ing  the 
treaty  into  effect  was  sustained  by  the  House  of  Representatives  by  a  vote  of  ninety  to 
twenty-five. 

Even  before  the  acquisition  of  Louisiana,  it  had  been  a  favorite  object  of  President 
Jefferson  to  have  an  exploring  expedition  sent  across  the  continent  to  the  Pacific  Ocean, 
and  in  Januari",  1S03,  he  had  recommended  an  appropriation  for  that  purpose.     The  ap- 

Eropriation  was  made,  and  the  enterprise  was  placed  under  the  direction  of  Captains 
.ewis  and  Clarke.  The  treaty  with  France,  however,  was  ratified  before  the  exploring 
expedition  was  ready  to  start.  On  the  14th  of  May,  1804,  Captains  Lewis  and  Clarke, 
with  their  companions,  consisting  in  all  of  thirty  persons,  left  the  banks  of  the  Mississippi 
on  their  long  and  perilous  voyage  of  two  years  and  three  months,  to  seek  out  and  give 
to  their  countn.-  and  the  world  some  more  accurate  knowledge  respecting  this  vast  region 
of  country,  of  which  ci^'ilization  at  that  time  knew  so  little.  The  expedition  was  in 
every  way  successful,  and  the  report  made  by  Captains  Lewis  and  Clarke  enabled  the 
government  and  people  of  the  United  States  to  form  a  better  judgment  of  the  immense 
value  of  the  country  acquired. 

It  will  be  seen  that  the  region  acquired  by  the  Louisiana  purchase,  comprehended 
not  only  the  present  State  of  Louisiana,  but  all  the  vast  region  between  the  Mississippi 
river  and  the  Pacific  Ocean,  and  as  far  north  as  the  British  possessions.  The  great  States 
of  Arkansas,  Missouri.  Iowa,  Nebraska,  Kansas,  the  greater  part  of  Minnesota,  and  sev- 
eral of  our  great  Territories,  are  but  parts  of  this  purchase. 

On  the  '20th  of  December,  1803,  in  pursuance  of  authority  given  by  act  of  Congress, 
Gov.  Claiborne  and  Gen.  Wilkinson  took  possession  of  the  Louisiana  purchase,  and  raised 
the  American  flag  at  New  Orleans.  The  Spanish  authorities  there  objected  to  the  trans- 
fer, but  early  in  1804  they  acquiesced  and  withdrew.  The  newly  acquired  territory,  bj' 
authority  of  Congress,  was,  on  the  firet  of  October,  1804,  divided  as  follows:  All  south 
of  the  33d  parallel  of  north  latitude,  was  called  the  Territory  of  Orleans,  and  all  north 
of  that  parallel  became  the  District  of  Louisiana,  and  was  placed  under  the  authority  of 
the  oflBcers  of  the  then  Indiana  Territory.  It  so  remained  until  July  4,  1805,  when  the 
District  of  Louisiana  was  given  a  territorial  government  of  it*  own.  In  1812,  the  Ter- 
ritory of  New  Orleans  became  the  State  of  Louisiana,  and  the  Territory  of  Louisiana  be- 
came the  Territory  of  Missouri.  On  the  4th  of  July,  1814,  Missouri  Territory  was 
divided — that  part  comprising  the  present  State  of  Arkansas,  and  the  country  west,  being 
organized  as  the  Territory  of  Arkansas.  In  March,  1821,  a  part  of  Missouri  Territory 
was  or^ranized  as  the  Stale  of  .Missouri,  and  admitted  into  the  Union.  On  the  28th  of 
June,  1834,  the  territory  west  of  the  Mississippi  river  and  north  of  Missouri,  was  made 
a  part  of  the  Territory  of  Michigan,  so  remaining  until  July  4,  1836,  when  Wisconsin 
Territory  was  oreanized.  This  embraced  within  its  limits  the  present  States  of  Iowa, 
Wisconsin,  and  Minnesota.  An  act  of  Congress,  approved  June  12,  1838.  created  the 
Territory  of  Iowa,  embracing  not  only  the  present  State  of  Iowa,  but  the  greater  part  of 
the  present  State  of  Minnesota,  and  extending  northward  to  the  British  possessions. 


CHAPTER  V. 

EXPEDITION  OF  LEWIS  AXD   CLABKE. 


Niaon  —  Tits  Missoaiis  —  Old  frsnizz  Fort  —  Anificiil  Ifaaads  —  Tie  Otaaes  aaaA  Pjiuim  i  i.  —  J-iiaiza. 
GraTCs —  Tbe  ArzaTzrlz: disss  —  CoxscC  'V^ita  ladiai^  a>  ConcS  Bfa^ — LioJeSiBBC  Riser — Deaa&of  Ser- 
gyanr  K>'3^d  —  Grssi  Suozx  Tvirer — ked  Hpessotae  Qaanics — lti«iSA«  »»d  fkW»-  *»^»>»w — Koaaai  of  tie 
Liiile   Spiria  —  0:rzz>cZ  Wiia  its  Sczx  —  I&dsa  Ucfe — The  ^»-»-*— ^  —  WaExr  QBotos — Wime  zad 

BroB-n  Bi£i3  —  A=isl-'p.s  —  Blui  Kills  —  Fi-s  Vie»  of  Rodcr  ^ti-"'  ■"  i  — •V-»?»Tg.1  Sutuisy — TSie  Gscc 
Falls  of  the  Missosri  —  S3ci^-:Las  —  ^-^ii^^^p^  c:  ibe  Mssoaod — CckalfaB  Rrier — Tk  Ta^epews  —  S&ori:  rf 
Proriskns  —  PJercsc  -  Xo§e  Indlsss  —  Udtt-.  Lends  Riier  —  The  "S-J^w^  —  Gees  FasDs  of  tie  Co&eb- 
laa  —  Tae  E-ziisloots  —  Wcodea  H-r^sj?  —  Fli^ers  £s  War  TneiBK  —  S^kt  of  liie  I^aliic —  Fact  CizL- 
sop  —  Retax2  —  ArriTsl  sr  Sc  Losis. 

In  JanTianr,  1  SOS.  Presideni  Jeffersozi.  in  a  eonf  i'  -  '  ~z  essage  to  Coi^Tess  ia  legaid 
to  Indian  aEiirs,  took  occasion  to  re;-ora:::rnd.  amon^-    '  uiurs.  ihe  orsaniE^ticm  oi  a 

p>artT  to  trace  ihe  ilissoari  river  to  its  soarce,  and  tiieTice  Tiroeeed  to  tlie  PaeiSc  oeean. 
The  recommendation  was  favorably  e-"  ~- "  •  '  -  '  -"  -  Merriwetlier  Lewis. -was.  oa 
his  own  application,  appoinied  lo  lake  ,  ::on.     Wm.  Qarie  was  5!il>- 

sequendv  assocLiied  with  him.  so  ibar  :     ■  '  :  j^-edirion  is  known  in  oar  hisiXBT 

as  ihar  of  Lewis  and  Clarke.     The  inc.-  r  .  i.i:.  ledious.  aud  nmaiitie  jonroey 

are  worthy  to  be  related  as  among  the  motst  :  - ■  -~:r  in  the  annuls  of  Aneiican  advaa- 

tnre.  At  that  time  all  that  vast  region  bo:-;:— _  m  the  Upper  liissoozi  and  its  iziba- 
taiies.  as  well  as  the  regions  tordering  on  the  Pacific,  were  unknown  aad  snex^tKed  bv 
white  men.     By  the  lauer  part  of  the  year  I  ^ " '  'y  ooraposzi^  &e  espeditioav^ 

made  ap  and  ready  to  start.     The  highest  ^  :         :  whites  on  the  IGsoBod  irrer  ai; 

that  time  was  at  a  place«called  La  Charre"c.  sixiy-eigh:  r:  .—  :vethe  moath.  At  dus 
place  it  had  been  the  design  of  Can.  L^-:^:s  to  winier.  __:  -._i  Sr<anish  authorities  of 
Louisiana  had  not  yet  rec-eived  oSjial  iufcrmadon  of  the  mr^fer  of  the  conntrv  to  the 
United  Siates.  For  this  reason  the  t^ariy  reziii-ei  in  Wizrf?  :-->.—;?;  it  -"i?  r::-:':i  "f 
Wood  river,  on  the  east  side  of  the  Mississirrl. 

Besides  Captains  Lewis  and  CI:  :y  was  —lir     -   ::  i±Le  7:  ::  1:  -::f-  i:;  — 

Kentucky,  twelve  soldiers  of  the  rr_  t-t:   Frr"  :_z:i::  as  wa:e:t::r\     :  :  :-:f:- 

preters.  and  a  colored  servant  belonging  t:  r.:jrke — twentv-six  ^ 

A  corporal,  sir  soldiers  and  nine  watermen.  —  .._-.n;n  t:  tIit  shove,  wc-; 
accompany  the  expedition  as  far  as  the  conniry  of  the  M^ni^ri.  is  there  was  ^ 
hension  of  attacks  by  the  Indians  between  Wood  river  sz 

Three  boats  were  provided  for  the  e3:tediiion.     T::r     .:_;-  -  ^  £:     -      :-.  nfr^- 

five   feet    long,   drawing    three   feet   of  water,   carrying   one    -  -  ;  -    -  ^  .  r     -  l  i 

twenty-two  oars.  The  other  two  were  open  boats,  one  of  ;_:.  _zz  :_:  ::_^  :: 
seven  oars. 

The  expedition  started  from  the  encampment  at  the  month  ci  Woc-d  river,  on  Men- 
day,  ilay  14,  1S<>4.  Captain  Lewis,  whr  was  at  that  time  in  St.  Louis.  ;cinri  the  exte- 
dition  at  S:.  Charles,  twenty-one  miles  np  the  Missonri.  which  tlace  they  re^chen  en  tne 
16th.  Here  they  remained  until  the  i21st,  when  they  prcceeded  en  their  vcyacre.  reach- 
ing La  Charrette.  the  las:  while  settlement,  on  the  evening  of  the  icth.  The  viZage 
consisted  of  but  seven  poor  fajnilies.  On  the  1st  of  June  they  arrived  at  the  m:  i:h  :: 
the  Osage,  one  hundred  and  thirty-three  miles  on  their  jonmey.  The  cc'untry  bcri;::t - 
on  this  river  was  inhabited  bv  a  trice  known  as  the  Osace  Indians.     Thev  '  .  "  -    :  :i:ic -:  1- 


32  THE  NORTinVEST  TERHITORY. 

ble  tradition  among  them  as  to  the  oripin  of  their  nation.  They  believed  that  its  founder 
was  a  snail  passing  a  quiet  existence  along  the  banks  of  the  Osage,  till  a  flood  swept  him 
down  to  the  Missouri  and  there  left  him  exposed  on  the  shore.  By  the  heat  of  the  sun 
he  was  changed  to  a  man.  The  change,  however,  did  not  cause  him  to  forget  his  native 
place  away  up  on  the  bunks  of  the  Osage,  and  he  immediately  sought  liis  old  home.  Be- 
ing overtaken  with  luuiger  and  fatigue,  the  Great  Spirit  appeared,  gave  him  a  bow  and 
arrow,  and  taught  him  to  kill  deer  and  prepare  its  flesh  for  food  and  its  skin  for  clotliing. 
When  he  arrived  at  his  original  place  of  residence  he  was  met  by  a  beaver,  who  inquired 
who  he  was,  and  by  what  authorit)'  he  came  to  disturb  his  possession.  The  Osage  replied 
that  he  had  once  lived  on  the  borders  of  that  river,  and  that  it  was  his  own  home.  While 
they  were  disputing,  the  daughter  of  tlie  beaver  appeared,  and  entreated  her  fatiier  to  be 
reconciled  to  the  young  stranger.  The  father  yielded  to  her  entreaties,  and  the  Osage 
soon  married  the  beaver's  daughter.  They  lived  happily  on  the  banks  of  the  Osage,  and 
fiom  them  soon  came  the  villages  and  nation  of  the  Osages.  Ever  since,  they  entertained 
a  pious  reverence  for  their  ancestors,  never  killing  a  beaver,  for  by  so  doing  they  would 
slay  a  brother.  It  has  been  observed,  however,  that  after  the  opening  of  tlie  fur  trade 
with  tlie  whites,  tlie  sanctity  of  tlieir  maternal  relations  was  very  much  reduced. 

The  next  tribe  mentioned  l)y  the  explorers  was  that  of  tlie  Missouris,  once  a  power- 
ful nation,  but  then  reduced  to  about  thirty  families.  They  finally  united  with  the  Osages 
and  the  Ottoes,  and  as  a  separate  nation  became  extinct.  The  Sauks,  Ayauways  (lowas"), 
and  the  Sioux  are  mentioned  as  being  the  enemies  of  the  Osages,  and  as  making  frequent 
excursions  against  them.  On  the  26th  of  June  they  arrived  at  tlie  moutii  of  the  Kansas, 
340  miles  from  the  Mississippi,  where  they  remained  two  days  for  rest  and  repairs.  Here 
resided  thetrilje  of  Indians  of  the  same  name,  and  had  two  villages  not  far  from  tiie  mouth 
of  the  river.  This  tribe,  at  tliat  time,  had  been  reduced  by  the  Sauks  and  Ayauways  to 
only  about  three  hundred  men.  The  party,  at  this  stage  of  the  journey,  saw  numerous  buffalo 
on  the  prairies.  On  the  2d  of  July  the  party  passed  Bear  Medicine  Island,  near  which 
were  the  remains  of  an  old  fort,  l)ailt  by  the  French,  the  ruins  of  the  chimneys  and  the 
general  outline  of  the  fortification  being  visible.  On  the  Stii  of  July  they  reached  the 
mouth  of  the  Nodawa.  The  river  is  mentioned  as  navigable  lor  boats  some  distance.  Ou 
the  11th  they  landed  at  the  mouth  of  the  Nemahaw.  Mention  is  made  of  several  artifi- 
cial mounds  on  the  Nemahaw,  about  two  miles  up  the  stream,  at  the  mouth  of  a  small 
creek.  From  the  top  of  the  highest  mound  there  was  a  fine  view  of  the  country.  On  the 
14th  they  passed  the  Nishiiahl)atoiia  river,  finding  it  to  be  only  three  hunilred  yards  from 
the  Missouri  at  a  distance  of  twelve  miles  from  its  mouth.  Platte  river  and  other  streams, 
both  in  Iowa  and  Nebraska,  are  mentioned  and  the  country  described  with  great  accu- 
racy.    Along  in  this  part  of  the  country  were  the  first  elk  they  had  seen. 

On  the  22d  of  July  the  explorers  encamped  on  the  north  (Iowa)  side  of  the  river, 
ten  miles  above  the  mouth  of  the  Platte  river,  to  make  observations  and  to  hold  an  inter- 
view with  tlie  neigliboring  tribes.  They  remained  here  in  camp  until  the  27th.  Among 
tlie  streams  mentioned  in  this  vicinity  are  the  Papillon,  Butterfly  Creek  and  Moseheto 
Creek,  tlie  last  named  being  a  small  stream  near  Council  lilutYs.  In  mentioning  them  we 
use  the  orthography  of  the  explorers,  which  in  some  instances  difTei-s  from  that  now  in 
use.  The  Indians  who  occupied  the  country  about  the  moutli  of  Platte  river  at  this  time 
were  the  Ottoes  ami  i'uwnees.  The  Ottoes  were  iiiuch  redueed,  and  formerly  lived  aliout 
twenty  miles  above  the  Platte  on  tin-  Nebraska  side  of  the  river.  Thry  lived  at  this  time 
under  the  protection  of  the  Pawnees.  The  latter  were  al.so  much  dispersed  and  broken. 
One  l>and  of  the  nation  formerly  lived  on  the  Republican  branch  of  the  Kanz.as  river.  An- 
other band  were  tiie  Pawnee  I^oups,  or  Wolf  Pawnees,  who  resided  on  the  Wolf  fork  of 
the  Platte.  Another  band  originally  resided  on  the  Ivanzius  imd  Arkansaw,  but  in  their 
wars  with  the  Osages  ihi-y  were  often  defeated,  and  retiroti  to  the  Red  river.  Various 
other  tribes   living  furllier  west,  are  mentituied.     On  the  27th  they  continued  tlieir  jour- 


THE   NORTHWEST  TERRITORY.  33 

ney,  and  about  ten  leagues  from  their  encampment,  on  the  south  (Nebraska)  side  of  the 
rivei",  thev  saw  and  examined  a  curious  collection  of  graves,  or  mounds.  The}"  were  of 
different  heights,  shapes  and  sizes.  Some  were  of  sand,  and  others  of  both  eartli  and 
sand.  They  were  supposed  to  indicate  the  position  of  the  ancient  village  of  the  Ottoes 
before  they  retired  to  the  protection  of  the  Pawnees.  On  the  29th  they  passed  the  spot 
where  the  Ayauway  Indians,  a  branch  of  tlie  Ottoes,  once  lived,  and  who  had  emigrated 
from  that  place  to  the  Des  Moines.  Mention  is  here  made  of  an  interview  with  one  of  the 
Missouri  Indians  who  lived  with  the  Ottoes,  and  the  resemblance  of  his  language  to  that 
of  the  Osages,  particularly  in  calling  a  chief  inca. 

On  the  30th  of  July  the  party  encamped  on  the  south  (Nebraska)  side  of  the  river. 
At  that  place  next  to  the  river  was  a  plain,  and  back  of  it  a  wooded  ridge,  rising  about 
seventy  feet  above  the  plain.  At  the  edge  of  this  ridge  they  formed  their  camp,  and 
sent  an  invitation  to  the  Indians  to  meet  them.  From  the  bluffs  at  this  point  they  men- 
tion a  most  beautiful  view  of  the  river  and  adjoining  country.  The  latitude  of  the  camp 
was  determined  bj'  observation  to  be  41  degrees  18  minutes  and  14  seconds.  The  mes- 
senger sent  to  invite  the  Ottoes  returned  on  the  evening  of  the  2d  of  August,  with  four- 
teen Ottoe  and  Missouri  Indians,  accompanied  by  a  Frenchman  who  resided  among  them, 
and  who  acted  as  interpreter.  Lewis  and  Clarke  made  them  presents  of  pork,  flour  and 
meal,  and  the  Indians  returned  presents  of  watermelons.  The  next  morning  (Aug.  3d) 
a  council  was  held  with  the  six  chiefs  who  were  of  the  party  of  Indians  ;  they  were  told 
of  the  change  in  the  government,  and  promised  protection  and  advised  as  to  their  future 
conduct.  All  the  chiefs  expressed  their  joy  at  the  change  in  the  government,  and  wished 
to  be  recommended  to  the  Great  Father  (the  President)  that  they  might  obtain  trade 
and  necessaries.  They  asked  the  mediation  of  the  Great  Father  between  them  and  the 
Mahas  (Omahas),  with  whom  they  were  then  at  war.  At  the  conclusion  of  the 
council  medals  and  other  presents  were  given  to  the  chiefs,  and  also  some  presents  to  the 
other  Indians  who  were  with  them.  The  grand  chief  of  the  Ottoes  was  not  present, 
but  to  him  was  sent  a  flag,  a  medal,  and  some  ornaments  for  clothing.  The  explorers 
gave  to  the  place  where  this  council  was  held  the  name  of  Council  Bluffs.  The  reader 
will  remember,  however,  that  it  was  above  the  present  city  of  Council  Bluffs,  Iowa,  and 
was  on  the  Nebraska  side  of  the  river. 

On  the  afternoon  of  the  3d  of  August  they  resumed  their  journey,  and  on  the  7th 
arrived  at  the  mouth  of  a  river  on  the  north  side,  called  by  the  Sioux  Indians,  Eaneah- 
wadepon  (Stone  river),  and  by  the  French,  Petite  Riviere  des  Sioux,  or  in  English,  Little 
Sioux  river.  The  explorers  were  informed  by  their  interpreter  (M.  Durion)  that  this 
river  rises  within  about  nine  miles  of  the  Des  Moines ;  that  within  fifteen  leagues  of  that 
river  it  passes  through  a  large  lake,  nearly  sixty  miles  in  circumference,  and  divided  into 
two  parts  by  rocks,  which  approach  each  other  very  closely.  Its  width  is  various ;  it 
contains  many  islands,  and  is  known  by  the  name  of  Lac  d'  Esprit — Spirit  Lake.  The 
country  watered  by  it  is  open  and  undulating,  and  may  be  visited  in  boats  up  the  river 
for  some  distance.  The  intrepreter  further  added  that  the  Des  Moines  was  about  eighty 
yards  wide  where  the  Little  Sioux  approaches  it ;  that  it  was  shoally,  and  that  one  of  its 
principal  branches  was  called  Cat  river.  The  interpreter  claimed  to  have  been  to  the 
sources  of  the  Little  Sioux,  and  those  who  are  familiar  with  the  country  about  Spirit 
Lake,  will  concede  that  he  described  it  quite  accurately.  The  explorers  speak  of  a 
long  island  two  miles  above  the  mouth  of  the  Little  Sioux,  which  they  named  Pelican 
island,  from  the  large  number  of  pelicans  which  were  feeding  on  it,  one  of  which  they 
killed.  They  also  killed  an  elk.  On  the  10th  they  passed  the  first  highland  near  the 
river,  after  leaving  their  encampment  at  Council  Bluffs.  Not  far  from  this,  on  a  high 
bluff,  was  the  grave  of  Blackbird,  one  of  the  great  chiefs  of  the  Mahas,  who  had  died  of 
small-pox  four  years  before.  The  grave  was  marked  by  a  mound  twelve  feet  in  diameter 
at  the  base,  and  six  feet  high,  and  was  on  an  elevation  about  300  feet  above  the  water. 


84  THE   NORTHWEST  TEKRITuKV. 

In  the  center  of  the  grave  was  a  pole  eight  feet  high.  Near  this  the  Mahas  had  a  vil- 
lage, and  lost  four  hundred  men  of  their  nation,  and  a  like  proportion  of  women  and 
children  by  the  small-pox  at  the  time  that  Blackbird  died.  After  this  dreadful  scourge 
they  burned  iheir  village,  which  had  consisted  of  three  hundred  cabins.  On  a  hill  at  the 
rear  of  the  place  where  the  village  stood  were  the  graves  of  the  nation.  On  the  even- 
ing of  the  18th  the  explorers  were  again  visited  at  their  camp  by  a  party  of  Ottoes  and 
Missouris,  who  entertained  them  with  a  dance.  The  professed  object  of  their  visit  was 
to  ask  intercession  for  promoting  peace  between  them  and  the  Mahas,  but  probably  the 
real  object  was  to  share  a  portion  of  the  strangers'  provisions  and  liquors. 

The  next  day,  August  'JOth,  after  passing  a  couple  of  islands,  they  landed  on  the 
north  side  of  the  river,  under  some  bluffs — the  first  near  the  river  on  that  side  after 
leaving  the  Ayauway  village.  It  was  here  that  the  party  had  the  misfortune  to  lose  one 
of  their  men — Sergeant  Charles  Floyd.  He  had  the  day  before  been  seized  with  a  bil- 
ious colic.  Before  his  death  he  said  to  Captain  Clarke,  "  I  am  going  to  leave  you  ;  I 
want  you  to  write  me  a  letter."  Soon  after  making  this  request  the  brave  soldier  passed 
away.  He  was  buried  on  the  top  of  the  bluff,  with  honors  due  to  a  soldier.  The  place 
of  his  interment  was  marked  by  a  cedar  post,  on  which  his  name  and  the  day  of  his  death 
were  inscribed.  About  a  mile  further  up  on  tlie  same  side  of  the  Missouri,  the}'  came  to 
a  sm.ill  river,  to  which  they  gave  the  name  of  Floyd  river,  in  honor  of  tlieir  deceased 
companion.  The  place  of  the  burial  of  Sergeant  Floyd  was  but  a  short  distance  below 
where  Sioux  City  now  stands.  During  a  great  fresliet  in  the  Spring  of  1857,  the  Mis- 
souri river  washed  away  a  portion  of  the  bluff,  exposing  the  remains  of  the  soldier.  The 
citizens  of  Sioux  City  and  vicinity  repaired  to  the  place,  and  with  appropriate  cere- 
monies, reinterred  them  some  distance  back  from  the  river  on  tlie  same  bluff.  The  same 
cedar  post  planted  by  his  companions  over  his  grave  on  that  Summer  day  mtire  tiian  lialf 
a  century  before,  remained  to  mark  the  place  of  interment  up  to  1857,  although  during 
nearly  all  this  time  the  country  had  been  inhabited  only  by  savages. 

On  the  21st  of  August  the  expedition  passed  the  site  where  Sioux  City  now  stands, 
and  noted  in  their  juurnal  the  confluence  of  the  Great  Sioux  river  witli  the  Missouri. 
From  their  interpreter,  M.  Durion.  they  received  an  account  of  the  Great  Sioux  river. 
He  stated  tiiat  it  was  navigable  for  more  than  two  hundred  miles,  to  tlie  great  falls,  and 
even  beyond  them.  The  reader  will  remember  that  tliis  was  before  the  time  of  steam- 
boats on  western  waters.  He  mentioned  a  creek  that  emptied  into  the  Great  Sioux  be- 
low tlie  falls,  which  passed  llirough  cliffs  of  red  rock,  out  of  which  the  Indians  made 
their  pipes;  liiat  the  necessity  for  procuring  that  article  had  caused  tiie  introduction  of 
a  law  among  tlie  nations,  by  which  the  banks  of  that  creek  were  held  to  be  sacred,  and 
even  tribes  at  war  met  at  the  quarries  without  hostility.  These  were  what  are  now 
known  as  the  "  Red  Pipestone  Quarries,"  in  southwestern  Minnesota. 

A  few  miles  above  the  mouth  of  the  Great  Sioux,  on  the  north,  or  Dakota  side  of 
the  river,  they  killed  a  buffalo,  a  deer  and  a  beaver.  Tliey  also  saw  some  elk.  The 
place  where  the  buffalo  was  killed  they  described  as  a  beautiful  prairie,  and  gave  it  the 
name  of  Buffalo  Prairie.  They  mention  on  the  south  side  of  the  river,  a  bluff  of  blue 
clay,  rising  to  the  height  of  180  or  190  feet.  Several  miles  from  this,  on  the  south  side 
of  the  river.  Captains  Lewis  anil  Clarke,  with  ten  of  their  men,  went  to  see  a  mound 
regarded  with  great  terror  by  the  Indians,  and  called  by  them  the  Mountain  of  the  Little 
Spirits.  They  lielieved  it  was  the  abode  of  little  devils  in  liuman  form,  eighteen  inches 
high,  and  having  large  iieads  ;  that  iliey  had  sharp  arrows,  and  were  always  on  the  watch 
to  kill  tlioso  who  might  approach  their  place  of  residence.  The  Sioux.  Maha^i  and  Ottoes 
never  would  visit  the  hill  or  mound  for  fear  of  the  vengeance  of  the  Little  Spirits.  The 
mound,  though  extraordinary  in  its  formation,  they  did  not  regard  as  artificial.  From  its 
top  they  could  see  large  herds  of  buffalo  feeding  at  a  distance. 

On  the  •26th  they  passed  the  mouth  of  Yankton  river,  and,  on  landing,  were  met  by 


THE  NORTHWEST  TERRITORY.  35 

several  Indians,  who  informed  them  that  a  large  body  of  Sioux  were  encamped  near. 
On  the  oOth  and  31st  the}'  held  a  council  with  the  Sioux,  and  smoked  with  them  the  pipe 
of  peace.  The  Indians  exhibited  their  skill  in  dancing  and  various  other  amusements  to 
entertain  their  visitors.  These  Indians  were  the  Yankton  tribe  of  the  Sioux  nation. 
Their  grand  chief  was  We-u-cha,  or,  in  English,  Shake  Hand.  Speeches  were  made 
and  presents  exchanged. 

On  the  1st  of'  September  the  explorers  passed  Calumet  Bluffs,  and  the  next  day 
Bonhomme  Island,  near  which  they  visited  some  ancient  earth-v/orks,  or  fortifications, 
on  the  south,  or  Nebraska,  side  of  the  Missouri.  They  made  a  minute  and  careful  exam- 
ination of  these  works.  They  embraced  nearly  five  hundred  acres.  A  day  or  two  after, 
on  a  hill  to  the  south,  near  Cedar  Island,  they  discovered  the  backbone  of  a  fish,  45  feet 
long,  in  a  perfect  state  of  petrifaction. 

After  several  conferences  with  different  tribes,  and  observations  in  regard  to  the 
country,  its  formation,  and  the  different  animals  seen,  on  the  13th  of  October,  they 
reached  a  small  stream  on  the  north  side,  to  which  they  gave  the  name  of  Idol  Creek. 
Near  its  mouth  were  two  stones  resembling  human  figures,  and  a  third  like  a  dog.  These 
were  objects  of  great  veneration  among  the  Ricaras  (Ricarees),  who  occupied  the 
country  in  that  vicinity.  They  had  a  legend  that  a  young  brave  was  deeply  enamored 
with  a  girl  whose  parents  refused  their  consent  to  the  marriage.  The  young  brave  went 
out  into  the  fields  to  mourn  his  misfortunes,  and  a  sympathy  of  feeling  led  the  lady  to 
the  same  spot.  The  faithful  dog  would  not  cease  to  follow  his  master.  The  lovers  wan- 
dered away  together  with  nothing  to  subsist  on  but  grapes,  and  they  were  at  last  changed 
into  stone,  with  the  lady  holding  in  her  hands  a  bunch  of  grapes.  When  the  Ricaras 
pass  these  sacred  stones,  they  stop  to  make  offerings  of  dress  to  propitiate  the  deities,  as 
they  regard  them.  Such  was  the  account  given  to  Lewis  and  Clarke,  by  the  Ricara 
chief.  As  they  found  here  a  great  abundance  of  fine  grapes,  they  regarded  one  part  of 
the  story  as  very  agreeably  confirmed. 

On  the  19th  they  reached  the  ruins  of  one  of  the  Mandan  villages.  It  had  been  for- 
tified. This,  they  were  informed  by  the  Ricara  chief,  was  one  of  several  villages  once 
occupied  by  the  Mandans  until  the  Sioux  forced  them  forty  miles  higher  up  the  river. 
In  this  vicinity  they  counted  no  less  than  fifty-two  herds  of  buffalo,  and  three  herds  of 
elk,  at  a  single  view. 

About  the  first  of  November,  1804,  the  expedition  reached  the  country  of  the  Man- 
dans,  where  they  went  into  Winter  quarters.  These  Indians  had  raised  considerable 
corn,  some  of  which  they  presented  to  the  party.  During  the  Winter  they  obtained 
a  great  deal  of  information  in  regard  to  the  history,  traditions,  and  manners  and  customs, 
not  only  of  this  jjeculiar  and  remarkable  nation,  out  of  other  tribes.  Their  huts,  or 
cabins,  were  all  completed  by  the  20th  of  the  month,  and  the  place  was  named  Fort 
Mandan.  It  was  on  the  north  side  of  the  Missouri,  in  a  grove  of  cottonwood.  The 
place,  as  ascertained  by  observation,  was  in  latitude  47  deg.,  21  min.  and  47  sec,  and  the 
computed  distance  from  the  mouth  of  the  Missouri  was  1,600  miles.  During  the  Winter 
they  were  visited  by  a  great  many  Indians  of  the  Mandan  and  other  tribes.  A  few  French 
and  traders  of  the  Northwest  Fur  Company  also  visited  them. 

The  party  remained  at  Fort  Mandan  until  April  7,  1805,  when  the}'  resumed  their 
journey.  There  were  then  thirty-two  persons  in  the  expedition,  some  of  the  party  having 
returned  to  St.  Louis.  In  this  portion  of  the  country  they  began  to  see  numbers  of 
white  bear,  antelope,  and  other  animals,  which  they  had  not  seen  lower  down  on  the 
river.  On  the  12th  they  arrived  at  the  mouth  of  the  Little  Missouri,  near  which  they 
found  large  quantities  of  small  onions,  about  the  size  of  a  bullet,  of  an  oval  form  and 
white.  The  next  day  they  passed  a  small  stream  to  which  they  gave  the  name  of  Onion 
Creek,  from  the  great  abundance  of  that  vegetable  growing  near  it.  Along  this  part  of 
the  Missouri  were  large  numbers  of  bald  eagles,  and  also  many  geese  and  brant.     Numer- 


36  THE   XORTH^TIST  TEUHITOHY. 

ous  deserted  Indian  lodges  were  noticed,  which  they  supposed  to  have  belonged  to  the 
Assiniboins,  as  there  were  the  remains  of  small  kegs.  That  tribe  was  the  only  one  in 
this  region  that  then  used  spirituous  liquors.  They  obtained  it  from  the  traders  of  the 
Hudson  Bay  Company,  l)artering  their  furs  for  it.  Here  many  plants  and  aromatic  herbs 
are  mentioned,  and  some  resembling  in  taste  and  smell,  sage,  hyssop,  wormwood  and 
juniper.  On  the  26th  they  camped  at  the  mouth  of  the  Yellowstone,  where  game  of 
various  kinds  was  very  abundant.  Frequent  mention  is  made  of  the  burned  hills  along 
that  part  of  the  Missouri  for  some  distance  above  and  below  the  Yellowstone.  Among 
the  animals  killed  by  the  hunters  of  the  expedition  in  tliis  part  of  the  voyage  were  sev- 
eral brown  i)ears.  On  the  evening  of  the  14th  of  May  the  men  in  one  of  the  canoes 
discovered  a  large  brown  bear  lying  in  the  open  grounds  about  three  hundred  yards  from 
the  river.  Six  of  them,  all  good  hunters,  went  to  attack  him,  and,  concealing  them- 
selves by  a  small  eminence,  four  of  them  fired  at  a  distance  of  about  forty  paces.  Each 
of  them"  lodged  a  ball  in  the  bear's  body,  two  of  them  directly  through  the  lungs.  The 
animal  sprang  up  and  ran  open-mouthed  toward  them.  As  he  came  near,  the  two 
hunters  who  iiad  reserved  their  fire,  gave  him  two  more  wounds,  one  of  which,  breaking 
his  shoulder,  retarded  his  motion  for  a  moment.  Before  they  could  re-load  he  was  so 
near  upon  them  that  they  were  obliged  to  run  to  the  river,  the  bear  almost  overtaking 
them.  Two  of  the  men  sprang  into  the  canoe,  and  the  others  concealed  themselves  in 
some  willows  and  fired  as  fast  as  they  could  re-load,  striking  him  several  times.  The 
shots  seemed  only  to  direct  liim  toward  the  hunters,  till  at  last  he  pursued  two  of  them 
so  closely  that  they  threw  aside  their  guns  and  pouches,  and  jumped  twenty  feet  down 
a  perpendicular  bank  into  tlie  river.  The  bear  sprang  after  them,  and  was  within  a  few 
feet  of  the  hindmost  when  one  of  the  hunters  on  shore  shot  him  in  tiie  head,  and  finally 
killed  him.  They  dragged  the  bear  to  shore  and  found  that  eight  balls  bad  piussed 
through  his  body  in  different  directions. 

On  the  iOtli  of  May  the  party  reached  the  mouth  of  tlie  Muscleshell,  a  river  of  con- 
siderable size,  from  the  south.  They  were  then  2,-270  miles  above  the  mouth  of  the 
Mississippi,  in  latitude  47  deg.,  24  min.  Mention  is  made  of  what  the  French  traders 
called  Cote  Noire,  or  Black  Hills.  On  the  26th  of  May  they  had  the  first  view  of  the 
Rocky  Mountains,  "the  object,"  as  the  journalist  remarks,  "  of  all  our  hopes,  and  the 
reward  of  all  our  ambition."  The  view  was  obtained  from  what  they  called  one  of  the 
last  ridges  of  tlic  Black  Mountains.  On  the  30th  they  iiad  reached  that  part  of  the  river 
which  passes  through  between  walls  of  rocks,  presenting  every  form  of  sculptured  ruins, 
and  having  the  appearance  of  being  the  productions  of  art.  Of  these  objects  of  natural 
scenery  they  give  a  most  glowing  description. 

On  tiie  .3d  of  June  the  expedition  reached  a  junction  of  two  branches  of  the  river, 
when  tiiey  were  at  a  loss  to  determine  which  was  the  true  Missouri  river.  Parties,  one 
under  ('aptain  Lewis  and  the  other  under  Captain  Clarke,  proceeded  to  explore  both 
branches  by  land.  The  party  under  Captain  Lewis,  on  the  13th,  reached  the  Great  Falls 
of  the  Missouri  on  the  southern  branch,  which  determined  the  question.  One  of  the 
men  was  sent  to  inform  Captain  Clarke  of  the  discovery.  The  explorers  give  a  vivid 
description  of  the  wonderful  and  beautiful  scenery  which  is  here  presented.  In  the 
vicinity  of  the  falls  they  saw  a  herd  of  at  least  a  thousand  buffalo,  one  of  which  they 
shot.  Here  Captain  Lewis  himself  had  an  enciuniter  with  a  large  brown  bear,  from 
which  he  escaped  by  plunging  into  the  river.  Mention  is  made  of  gra.sshoppers  at  the 
mouth  of  Medicine  river,  about  twelve  miles  above  the  Great  Falls,  in  such  multitudes 
that  the  herbage  on  the  plains  was  in  part  destroyed  by  them.  At  that  point  the 
Missouri  is  described  as  being  three  hundred  yards  wide,  and  Medicine  river  one  hundred 
and  thirty-seven  yards  wide.  The  party  remained  here  until  the  l.')th  of  July,  examining 
the  surrounding  country,  constructing  canoes,  and  making  general  preparations  for 
continuing  the  journey.     On  that  day  they  again  embarked  with  eight  heavily  loaded 


THE   NORTHWEST  TERRITORY.  37 

canoes,  encountering  many  difficult  places  for  navigating,  owing  to  the  rapids.  Toward 
the  latter  part  of  July  they  reached  a  point  where  the  Missouri  is  formed  of  three 
branches,  one  of  which  they  called  Jefferson,  one  Madison,  and  one  Gallatin.  Here  the 
party  divide  and  explore  the  several  branches,  partly  for  the  purpose  of  finding  the 
Shoshones,  the  Indians  that  were  known  to  inhabit  that  region.  On  the  11th  of  August 
they  encountered  a  single  Indian  on  horseback,  who  proved  to  be  one  of  that  tribe  or 
nation.  Captain  Lewis,  who  had  continued  his  course  up  the  Jefferson,  or  principal 
branch  forming  the  sources  of  the  Missouri,  reached  a  point  where  it  had  so  diminished 
in  width  that  one  of  his  men  in  a  fit  of  enthusiasm,  with  one  foot  on  each  side  of  the 
rivulet,  thanked  God  that  he  had  lived  to  bestride  the  Missouri.  A  few  miles  further  on 
they  reached  a  point  where  issues  the  remotest  water — the  hitherto  hidden  sources  of 
that  river,  which  had  never  before  been  seen  by  civilized  man.  They  sat  down  by  the 
brink  of  the  little  rivulet,  and  quenched  their  thirst  at  the  chaste  and  icy  fountain,  which 
sends  its  modest  tribute  down  to  the  great  ocean  thousands  of  miles  away.  Crossing  over 
the  dividing  line  between  the  waters  of  the  Atlantic  and  Pacific  oceans,  at  a  distance  of 
three-quarters  of  a  mile,  they  stopped  to  taste  for  the  first  time  the  waters  of  the 
Columbia,  here  a  stream  of  clear,  cold  water  flowing  westward.  On  the  same  day 
Captain  Lewis  succeeded  in  gaining  a  friendly  interview  with  the  Shoshones.  Captain 
Clarke,  with  a  part  of  the  expedition,  was  at  this  time  at  the  junction  of  the  three 
branches  of  the  Missouri,  and  Captain  Lewis  engaged  a  number  of  the  Indians,  with 
about  thirty  of  their  horses,  to  transport  their  merchandise  and  outfit  to  the  Shoshone 
camp. 

The  Shoshones  are  described  as  being  a  small  tribe  of  the  nation  called  the  Snake 
Indians,  an  appellation  which  embraces  the  inhabitants  of  the  southern  parts  of  the 
Rocky  Mountains  and  of  the  plains  on  either  side.  During  the  Summer  the  Shoshones 
resided  about  the  headwaters  of  the  Columbia,  where  they  lived  chiefly  on  salmon.  In 
their  journal  the  explorers  give  a  long  and  interesting  account  of  the  habits,  traditions, 
and  manner  of  life  of  this  people.  They  found  them  honest,  friendly,  and  ready  to 
render  them  all  the  assistance  in  their  power. 

After  purchasing  twenty -nine  horses  from  the  Shoshones,  the  party,  on  the  30th  of 
August,  resumed  their  journey  toward  the  Pacific.  On  the  4th  of  September,  after 
many  difficulties  in  finding  a  practicable  route,  they  came  to  a  large  encampment  of 
Indians  who  received  them  with  great  cordiality.  The  pipe  of  peace  was  introduced  and 
a  council  held.  They  represented  themselves  as  a  band  of  a  nation  called  Tushepaws,  a 
numerous  people  then  residing  on  the  headwaters  of  the  Missouri  and  Columbia  rivers. 
The  Indians  shared  their  berries  and  roots  with  the  strangers  and  received  some  presents. 
Several  horses  were  purchased  from  them.  On  the  6th  they  reached  a  stream  to  which 
they  gave  the  name  of  Clarke  river.  Captain  Clarke  being  the  first  white  man  who  ever 
visited  its  waters.  The  route  was  a  rugged  one,  and  in  many  places  almost  impracti- 
cable, and  to  add  to  the  difficulties  of  the  situation,  snow  had  been  falling,  so  that  on 
the  16th  it  was  six  or  eight  inches  deep.  The  difficulty  of  procuring  game  or  other 
subsistence  made  it  necessary  for  them  to  kill  several  of  their  horses  on  this  part  of  their 
journey  for  food.  They  had  a  little  of  what  was  called  portable  soup  which  they  used 
by  melting  some  snow.  This,  and  about  twenty  pounds  of  bear"s  oil,  was  their  only 
remaining  subsistence.  They  were  now  in  a  region  where  their  guns  were  of  little  service, 
for  there  was  scarcely  a  living  creature  to  be  seen  in  those  mountains.  Captain  Clarke 
and  six  hunters  searched  the  mountains  all  day  for  game  but  found  none,  and  at  night 
encamped  on  a  small  stream  to  which  they  gave  the  name  of  Hungry  Creek.  Their  only 
refreshment  during  the  day  was  a  little  of  the  portable  soup.  On  the  26th,  Captain 
Clarke  and  his  hunting  party  encountered  three  Indian  boys,  and  sent  them  forward  to 
the  village  with  some  presents.  An  Indian  came  out  to  meet  them,  and  conducted  them 
to  a  large  tent  in  the  village,  which  was  the  residence  of  the  great  chief.     After  some 


88  THE  NORTHVTEST  TERRITORY 

introductory  ceremonies  by  signs,  the  Indians  set  before  the  strangers  some  buffalo  meat, 
dried  salmon,  berries  and  several  kinds  of  roots.  This,  after  their  long  abstinence,  was 
a  sumptuous  treat.  One  of  the  chiefs  conducted  them  to  another  village,  two  miles  away, 
where  they  were  received  with  great  kindness  and  passed  the  night.  These  Indians 
called  themselves  Chopunish,  or  Pierced -Nose  (Nez  Perces).  With  a  few  articles 
Captain  Clarke  chanced  to  have  in  his  pockets  he  purchased  some  dri«d  salmon,  roots 
and  berries  and  sent  them  by  one  of  his  men  and  a  hired  Indian  back  to  Captain  Lewis. 
The  main  body  with  Captain  Lewis  had  been  so  fortunate  as  to  kill  a  few  pheasants  and 
a  prairie  wolf.  As  soon  as  it  was  known  in  the  villages  that  tlie  wonderful  strangers  had 
arrived  the  people  crowded  in  to  see  them.  Twisted  Hair,  the  chief,  drew  a  chart  or 
map  of  the  country  and  streams  on  a  white  elk -skin,  which  was  of  great  service  in 
guiding  them  on  their  course.  From  these  Indians  as  many  provisions  were  purchased  as 
could  be  carried  on  their  horses.  After  proceeding  down  the  river  some  distance,  they 
determined  to  continue  their  journey  in  canoes,  which  they  set  about  constructing.  By 
the  7th  of  October  the  canoes  were  launched  and  loaded.  The  liorses  were  branded  and 
left  with  the  Indians  to  be  kept  until  their  return.  Accompanied  by  some  of  the  Indians 
down  Lewis  river,  the  expedition  finally'  reached  the  Columbia  on  the  16th,  having 
stopped  at  a  number  of  villages  on  the  way.  The  Columbia  at  the  mouth  of  Lewis 
river  the\'  found  to  be  960  jards  wide,  and  Lewis  river  575  yards  wide.  Here  they 
found  themselves  among  a  nation  who  called  themselves  Sokulks,  a  people  of  a  mild 
and  peaceable  disposition.  Fish  was  their  principal  article  of  food.  On  the  18th  they 
resumed  their  journey  down  the  Columbia  in  the  presence  of  many  of  the  Sokulks  who 
came  to  witness  their  departure.  They  passed  many  different  tribes  who  inhabited  the 
borders  of  the  Columbia,  all  of  whom  they  visited  in  their  villages  and  encampments, 
learning  their  condition,  habits,  history  and  mode  of  living.  Wherever  they  halted  large 
numbers  of  Indians  gathered  to  see  tiiem,  and  generally  manifested  the  greatest  kindness 
and  hospitality.     All  of  them  had  pierced  noses. 

On  the  22d  of  October  the  party  reached  the  Great  Falls  of  the  Columbia.  Many 
Indians  itdiabited  this  portion  of  the  country,  and  some  of  them  assisted  the  party  in  un- 
loading the  canoes,  transporting  the  goods  around  the  falls,  and  in  bringing  down  the 
canoes.  At  one  place  it  was  necessary  to  haul  the  canoes  over  a  point  of  land  to  avoid 
a  perpendicular  fall  of  seventy  feet.  Some  distance  below  the  falls  they  came  to  a  village 
of  another  tribe,  or  nation,  called  the  Echeloots.  Here  they  tound  the  first  wooden 
houses  they  had  seen  after  leaving  the  settlements  near  the  Mississippi.  They  were 
made  of  logs  and  poles,  with  poles  for  rafters  and  covered  with  wliite  cedar,  kept  on  by 
strands  of  cedar  fibers.  The  inhabitants  received  the  strangers  with  great  kindness,  in- 
vited tliem  to  their  liouses,  and  came  in  great  numbers  to  see  tliem.  They  were  sur- 
prised to  find  that  these  Indians  spoke  a  language  quite  different  from  that  of  the  tribes 
above  the  Great  Falls.  Some  of  their  customs,  however,  were  tl»c  same.  Like  the  tribes 
they  had  recently  visited,  they  fiattened  the  heads  of  their  children,  and  in  nearly  the  same 
manner.  Among  the  mountain  tribes,  however,  this  custom  was  confined  to  the  females 
almost  exclusively,  whereas  the  Echeloots  subjected  both  sexes  to  the  operation.  On  the 
18tii  they  came  to  another  tribe  where  they  saw  a  British  musket  and  several  brass  tea- 
kettles, whicli  the  Indians  prized  very  highly.  In  the  interview  with  the  chief  he  di- 
rected his  wife  to  hand  him  his  nu'dicine-bag,  from  whicli  he  drew  out  fourteen  forefin- 
gers, wiiich  he  said  liad  belonged  to  the  same  number  of  his  enemies  whom  he  had  killed 
in  battle.  Tliese  fingers  were  shown  with  great  exultation,  after  which  they  were  carefully 
replaced  among  the  other  valuable  contents  of  the  medicine-bag.  This  was  the  firet  in- 
stance in  wliich  tiie  explorers  had  okserved  that  any  other  trophy  than  the  scalp  was  ever 
carried  from  the  field  in  Indian  warfare. 

On  the  '2d  of  November  tiie  party  passed  the  rapids  which  form  the  last  descent  of 
the  Columbia,  where  tide-wuter  commences.     On  this  part  of  the  Columbia  they  begun 


THE   NORTHWEST  TERRITORY.  39 

to  meet  with  tribes  who  had  some  knowledge  of  the  whites,  and  from  articles  in  their 
possession  it  was  observed  that  they  had  maintained  some  sort  of  trade  or  barter  with  tlie 
whites.  The  Indians  here  also  began  to  be  troublesome  and  were  disposed  to  pilfer  when- 
ever an  opportunity  offered,  showing  that  in  their  intercourse  with  the  whites  they  had 
contracted  some  vices  of  which  they  are  free  in  the  absence  of  such  intercourse. 

On  the  16th  of  November,  1805,  the  expedition  encamped  in  full  view  of  the  Pacific 
Ocean,  at  Haley's  Bay,  as  laid  down  by  Vancouver.  Their  long,  tedious,  eventful  jour- 
ney to  the  Pacific  having  ended,  they  made  preparations  to  go  into  Winter  quarters. 
Some  distance  below  the  mouth  of  the  Columbia,  three  miles  above  the  mouth  of  a  little 
river  that  empties  into  the  bay,  in  a  thick  grove  of  loft)'  pines,  they  formed  their  Winter 
encampment.  Game  was  exceedingly  plentiful,  and  during  the  Winter  they  were  visited 
by  a  large  number  of  Indians  inhabiting  the  coast  region.  They  called  the  place  Fort 
Clatsop,  from  the  tribe  of  Indians  inhabiting  the  immediate  vicinity.  Here  they  remained 
until  the  23d  of  March,  1806,  when  they  commenced  their  return,  by  the  same  route. 

Before  leaving.  Captains  Lewis  and  Clarke  posted  up  in  the  fort  a  note  to  the  follow- 
ing effect : 

"  The  object  of  this  is,  that  through  the  medium  of  some  civilized  person,  who  may 
see  the  same,  it  may  be  made  known  to  the  world  that  the  party  consisting  of  the  persons 
whose  names  are  hereto  annexed,  and  who  were  sent  out  by  the  government  of  the 
United  States  to  explore  the  interior  of  the  continent  of  North  America,  did  cross  the 
same  by  the  way  of  the  Missouri  and  Columbia  rivers,  to  the  discharge  of  the  latter  into 
the  Pacific  Ocean,  where  they  arrived  on  tlie  14th  day  of  November,  1805,  and  departed 
the  23d  day  of  March,  1806,  on  their  return  to  tlie  United  States,  by  the  same  route  by 
which  tliey  came  out." 

It  is  somewhat  singular  that  tliis  note  a  short  time  after  fell  into  the  hands  of  a  Cap- 
tain Hill,  while  on  the  coast  near  the  mouth  of  tlie  Columbia  river.  It  was  delivered  to 
him  by  some  Indians,  and  taken  to  Canton,  Cliina,  from  whence  it  was  brought  to  the 
United  States  in  January,  1807.  On  the  23d  of  September,  1806,  the  party  reached  the 
mouth  of  the  Missouri,  and  descended  the  Mississippi  to  St.  Louis,  arriving  at  12  o'clock. 
Having  fired  a  salute,  tiiey  went  on  shore,  where  they  "received  a  most  hearty  and  hos- 
pitable welcome  from  the  whole  village." 

This  is  but  a  very  partial  and  hasty  review  of  that  romantic  and  extraordinary  ex- 
pedition—  the  first  exploi-ation  by  authority  of  the  government  of  the  United  States,  of 
that  wonderful  region  which  of  late  years  has  attracted  so  much  attention.  It  gave  to 
the  world  the  first  authentic  account  of  tlie  upper  Missouri  and  its  tributaries,  and  of  the 
rivers  tiiat  flow  from  tiie  western  slope  of  the  Rocky  Mountains  and  seek  the  Pacific 
Ocean  througli  the  great  Columbia.  It  imparted  to  civilized  man  some  definite  knowl- 
edge of  the  strange  tribes  whose  homes  were  on  the  bordei's  of  those  rivers  ;  of  their 
habits,  traditions,  and  modes  of  life  ;  of  the  fauna  and  flora  of  a  region  hitherto  unknown, 
and  of  natural  scenery  not  surpassed  in  grandeur  and  sublimity  by  that  of  any  other  part 
of  the  world.  Other  explorers  Jiave  since  revealed  a  portion  of  the  hidden  treasures  of 
that  part  of  our  national  domain,  but  the  pioneer  expedition  of  Lewis  and  Clarke,  so 
successfully  accomplished,  will  always  possess  a  peculiar  and  thrilling  interest. 


40  THE  NORTHWEST  TERRITORY. 

CHAPTER  VI. 

INDIAN  WARS. 

Gen.  Harniar's  Defeat  —  Gen.  St.  Clair — His  Defeat  —  Gen.  Wayne  —  His  Victory  —  His  Treaties  with  the  In- 
dians—  British  Posts  Surrendered — Death  of  Wayne  —  Gen.  Harrison  —  Tecumseh — The  Prophet  —  Battle 
of  Tippecanoe  —  Tecumseh's  Alliance  With  the  British — Harrison  .\ppointed  Brigadier-General — Perry's 
Victory  —  Gen.  Mc.^rthur  —  Battle  of  the  Thames  —  Tecumseh  Killed  —  Peace  with  the  Indians  —  Indian 
Titles  Extinguished  —  Military  Posts  Established  at  Belle  Point,  Council  Bluffs,  and  St  Peters  —  The  Kicarees 
—  Gen.  Cass  —  Treaty  at  Fort  Dearborn — Fort  Atkinson  —  Grand  Council  at  Prairie  du  Chien — Indian  Out- 
rages—  The  Militia  Called  Out  —  Gen.  Atkinson  —  Policy  of  Removing  the  Indians  West  —  Treaty  with  the 
Sacs  and  Foxes  —  Black  Hauk — He  Refuses  to  Comply  with  Treaties — Black  Hawk  War — Battle  of  Bad 
Axe  —  Gci>.  Henry  Dodge  —  Black  Hawk  Captured  —  Taken  lo  Washington — Keokuk — Black  Hawk  Pur- 
ch.v-c  —  Gen.  Winfield  Scoti  —  Treaties  at  Davenport  —  Anloine  Le  Claire  —  Removal  of  >acs  and  Foxes  to 
Iowa —  Gen.  Street  —  Wapello  —  Maj.  Beach  —  Sac  and  Fox  Villages  un  the  Des  Moines  —  Gov.  I.ucas  —  Gov. 
Chambers  —  Visit  of  Hard-Fish  to  Burlington  —  An  Incident  —  Speech  of  Keokuk. 

Almost  every  advance  of  civilization  on  the  American  continent  has  been  made  at 
the  expense  of  more  or  less  conflict  and  bloodshed  at  the  hands  of  the  savape  tribes  who 
were  the  occupants  and  owners  of  the  soil  prior  to  the  advent  of  the  white  man.  Pass- 
ing over  the  conflicts  of  the  colonists  in  the  early  settlements  of  the  East,  the  later 
struggles  of  the  pioneers  of  the  "  Dark  and  Bloody  Ground,"  and  the  Indian  wars  of  the 
South,  we  shall  briefly  refer  to  some  of  the  troubles  with  the  aborigines  in  the  Northwest. 
Witii  the  opening  of  the  new  country  to  white  settlers  it  was  necessary  to  establish  mili- 
tary posts  for  the  protection  of  the  pioneers  against  the  attacks  of  the  Indians.  In  ITi'O, 
all  pacilic  means  having  failed  with  the  tribes  north  of  the  Ohio,  President  Washington 
sent  Gen.  Harmar  with  a  military  force  against  them.  After  destroj'ing  several  of  their 
villages,  he  was  defeated  in  two  battles  near  the  confluence  of  the  St.  Joseph's  and  St. 
Mary's  rivers,  and  not  far  from  the  {)resent  city  of  Fort  Wayne,  Indiana.  In  ITSl  Gen. 
.\rthur  St.  Clair  was  promoted  to  the  rank  of  major  general,  and  was  entrusted  with  a 
command  against  the  hostile  Miainis.  On  a.ssuming  his  command,  tlie  last  admonition  of 
Washington  was,  "  Beware  of  surprise."  Gen.  St.  Clair  marched  with  his  troops  to  the 
vicinity  of  the  Miami  villages  on  the  Maumee.  On  the  4th  of  November,  1791,  he  was 
surprised  in  camp  on  tiie  St.  Mary's  river,  and  his  force  of  1,400  ill  disciplined  men  was 
cut  to  pieces.  He  soon  after  resigned  his  commission.  In  this  defeat  St.  Clair's  loss  was 
about  (JOO  men.  The  savages  were  greatly  emboldened  by  their  successes,  and  it  was  soon 
found  that  more  vigorous  measures  were  necessary.  The  Indians  continued  to  commit 
outrages  .igaiiist  the  infant  settlements.  In  some  cases,  doubtless,  the  whites  were  the 
aggressors,  for  Washin:,'ton  in  his  annual  message  of  November  6,  1792,  recommended 
more  adequate  measures  "  An-  restraining  the  commission  of  outrages  u])on  the  Indians, 
without  which  all  jjacific  plans  must  prove  nugatory."  Attemjils  were  made  to  treat 
with  the  Indians,  but  the  attempted  negotiations  proved  unsuccessful. 

After  tiie  unsuccessfid  and  disastrous  campaigns  of  Generals  Harmar  and  St.  Clair, 
General  Anthony  Wayne,  who  had  won  distinguished  laurels  in  the  war  of  the  Revolu- 
tion, was,  in  April,  1792,  promoted  to  the  rank  of  major  general,  and  made  commander- 
in-chief  in  the  war  against  the  western  Indians.  In  August,  1794,  he  gained  a  signal 
victory  over  the  Miamis,  near  the  rapids  of  the  Maumee,  and  compelled  them  to  sue  for 
peace.  In  the  same  year  a  fort  was  erected  by  his  order  on  tlie  site  of  the  old  "Twight- 
wee  Village  "  of  the  .Miami  tribe,  where  the  city  of  Fort  Wayne  is  now  located.  It 
continued  to  be  a  military  post  until  1819. 

After  his  successful  campaign  of  1794,  Gen.  Wayne  was  appointed  sole  commis- 


THE    NORTHWEST  TERRITORY.  41 

sioner  to  treat  with  the  Indians,  and  also  to  take  possession  of  the  forts  still  held  by  the 
British  in  the  Northwest.  He  negotiated  the  treaty  of  Greenville  which  was  signed  by 
all  the  principal  chiefs  of  the  Northwest.  By  this  treaty  the  Indians  relinquished  their 
title  to  a  large  tract  of  country.  That  characteristic  determination  which,  during  the 
war  of  the  Revolution,  had  gained  him  the  sobriquet  of  "  Mad  Anthon}',"  impressed  the 
hostile  tribes  with  a  dread  of  him  which  operated  as  a  wholesome  restraint.  Gen.  Wayne 
also  took  possession  of  the  British  posts  in  the  Northwest,  which  were  peaceably  sur- 
rendered, in  accordance  with  Jay's  treaty,  and  from  this  time  there  was  assurance  of 
peace  on  tlie  frontier.  He  died  in  the  garrison  at  Presque  Isle  (Erie),  Pa.,  December 
14,  1796. 

From  the  date  of  Wayne's  victory  up  to  1809  the  whites  maintained  comparatively 
peaceable  relations  with  the  Indians.  During  this  year.  Gen.  Harrison,  then  Governor 
of  Indiana  Territory,  entered  into  a  treaty  with  the  Delawares.  Kickapoos,  Pottawat- 
tamies,  Miamis,  Eel  River  Indians  and  Weas,  in  which  these  tribes  relinquished  their 
title  to  certain  lands  on  the  Wabash  river.  About  this  time  the  noted  chief  Tecumseh 
comes  into  prominence  as  the  bitter  opponent  of  any  more  grants  of  land  being  made  to 
the  whites. 

Tecumseh  was  a  cliief  of  the  Shawnees,  born  on  the  Scioto  river  near  Chillicothe, 
about  the  year  1770.  It  was  said  that  he  was  one  of  three  brothers  who  were  triplets. 
The  other  two  brothers  were  named  Kumshaka  and  Elskwatawa.  Kumshaka  is  believed 
to  have  died  while  young,  but  Elskwatawa  became  tlie  Prophet  who  co-operated  with 
the  chief  in  all  his  plans.  His  father,  Puckeshinwa,  had  risen  to  the  rank  of  chief,  but 
was  killed  at  the  battle  of  Point  Pleasant,  in  1774.  In  1795  Tecumseh  was  declared 
cliief  at  or  near  where  Urbana,  Ohio,  is  now  located.  In  1798  he  went  to  White  river, 
Indiana,  and  his  brother,  the  Prophet,  to  a  tract  of  land  on  the  Wabash.  Tecumseh,  by 
reason  of  his  oratory,  had  great  influence  over  the  savage  tribes,  and  his  plan  was  to 
unite  all  of  them  against  the  whites  in  a  conspiracy,  sinailar  to  that  of  Pontiac  nearly 
half  a  century  before.  For  this  purpose  he  visited  all  the  tribes  west  to  the  Mississippi, 
and  upon  Lakes  Superior,  Huron,  and  Michigan.  At  the  same  time  his  brothei',  the 
Prophet,  pretended  to  be  directed  by  the  Great  Spirit  to  preach  against  the  influence  and 
encroachments  of  the  white  men.  Their  efforts  to  incite  the  Indians  to  hostilities  were 
successful,  and  they  gathered  a  large  force  of  warriors,  making  their  headquarters  at  a 
stream  they  called  Tippecanoe,  near  the  Wabash  river. 

Meantime  Gov.  Harrison  was  watching  the  movements  of  the  Indians,  and  being 
convinced  of  the  existence  of  Tecumseh's  grand  conspiracy,  had  prepared  to  defend  the 
settlements.  In  August,  1810,  Tecumseli  went  to  Vincennes  to  confer  witli  tlie  Gover- 
nor in  lelation  to  the  grievances  of  the  Indians,  but  demeaned  himself  in  such  an  angry 
manner  that  he  was  dismissed  from  the  village.  He  returned  to  complete  his  plans  for 
the  conflict.  Tecumseh  delayed  his  intended  attack,  but  in  the  meantime  he  was  gather- 
ing strength  to  this  cause,  and  by  the  Autumn  of  1811  had  a  force  of  several  hundred 
warriors  at  his  encampment  on  the  little  river  called  by  the  Indians  Keth-tlp-pe-ce-nunk, 
or  Tippecanoe.  Harrison,  with  a  force  of  eight  hundred  men,  partly  regulars  and  partly 
volunteers,  determined  to  move  upon  the  Prophet's  town,  as  it  was  called.  He  encamped 
near  the  village  early  in  October,  and  on  the  night  of  the  5th  of  November  his  camp  was 
furiously  but  unsuccessfully  attacked.  On  the  morning  of  the  7th  he  was  again  attacked 
by  a  large  body  of  the  Indians,  but  Tecumseh's  warriors  were  completelj^  routed,  but 
not  without  a  severe  and  hotly  contested  battle,  and  the  loss  of  about  200  of  Harrison's 
men. 

President  Madison,  in  a  special  message  to  Congress  of  December  12,  1811,  speaking 
of  this  engagement,  says: 

"  While  it  is  deeply  lamented  that  so  many  valuable  lives  have  been  lost  in  the 
action  which  took  place  on  the  seventh  ultimo.  Congress  will  see  with  satisfaction  the 

4 


42  THE  NORTH  \\'EST  TERHITORY. 

dauntless  spirit  iiiul  fortitude  victoriously  displiij-ed  by  every  description  of  the  troops 
engafjcd,  as  well  as  the  collected  nmnicss  which  distinjiuished  their  commander  on  an 
occasion  reijuirin;^'  the  utmost  exertions  of  valor  and  discii)line.  It  may  reasoualily  be 
expected  that  the  good  effects  of  this  critical  defeat  and  dispersion  of  a  combination  of 
savages,  which  appeai-s  to  have  been  spreading  to  a  greater  extent,  will  be  experienced, 
not  only  in  the  cessation  of  murders  and  depredations  committed  on  our  frontier,  but  in 
the  prevention  of  any  hostile  excursions  otherwise  to  have  been  apprehended." 

The  result  of  tlie  battle  of  Tii)pccanoe  utterly  ruined  the  jilans  of  Tecnmseh,  for  his 
arrangements  with  the  different  tribes  were  not  yet  matured.  He  was  greatly  exasperated 
toward  the  I'ropiiet  for  precipitating  the  war.  Had  Tecumseh  himself  been  present  it  is 
likely  tlie  attack  would  not  have  been  made.  The  defeated  Indians  were  at  first  inclined 
to  sue  for  peace,  but  Tecumseh  was  not  yet  conquered.  The  breaking  out  of  the  war 
with  Great  Britain  at  tliis  time  inspired  him  with  new  hope,  and  his  next  endeavor  was 
to  form  an  alliance  with  the  English.  In  tiiis  he  succeeded,  and  was  appointed  a  briga- 
dier general.  He  was  entrusted  with  the  command  of  all  the  Indians  who  co-operated 
with  the  English  in  the  campaigns  of  1812-lo,  and  was  in  several  important  engage- 
ments. 

After  the  surrender  of  Detroit  l)y  Gen.  Hull,  August  18,  1812,  Harrison  was  ap- 
pointed to  the  command  of  the  Northwestern  frontier,  with  a  commission  as  brigadier 
general.  As  this  was  in  Scjitember,  too  late  in  the  season  for  a  campaign,  he  did  not 
assume  active  operations  until  the  next  year,  by  which  time  he  was  promoted  to  the  rank 
of  major  general.  After  Commodore  Perry  won  his  signal  victory  on  Lake  Erie  in  Sep- 
tember, 1813,  Harrison  hastened  with  his  command  to  capture  Maiden.  On  arriving 
there  late  in  September  he  found  that  Proctor,  the  British  general,  had  retreated.  About 
the  same  time  Gen.  Mc Arthur  tocjk  possession  of  Detroit  and  the  Territory  of  Michigan. 
Pursuing  the  British  army  into  the  interior  of  Canada  West,  Harrison  overtook  Proctor 
at  the  Moravian  settlements,  on  the  river  Thames,  on  the  5th  of  October.  The  British 
general  had  an  auxiliary  force  of  two  thousand  Indians  under  the  command  of  Tecumseh. 
The  battle  was  opened  by  the  American  cavalry  under  the  command  of  Col.  Richard  M. 
Johnson,  afterward  vice-president  of  the  United  States.  Early  in  the  engagement 
Tecumseh  was  killed  at  the  head  of  his  column  of  Indians,  who,  no  longer  hearing  the 
voice  of  their  chief,  fled  in  confusion.  It  has  been  claimed  by  some  authorities  that  this 
celebrated  chief  was  killed  by  Col.  Johnson,  who  fired  at  him  with  a  pistol.  This,  how- 
ever, will  remain  one  of  the  unsolved  problems  of  history.  The  result  of  the  battle  was 
a  complete  victory  for  the  Americans,  with  the  capture  of  liOO  prisoners,  six  pieces  of 
cainifin,  and  a  large  tiuantity  of  armj-  stores. 

Tills  decisive  victory  over  the  combined  forces  of  the  British  ami  Indians  practically 
closed  the  war  in  the  Northwest,  and  as  a  consecjuencc  peace  with  the  Indian  tribes  soon 
followed.  Other  treaties  were  negotiated  with  the  Indians  by  which  they  gave  up  their 
title  to  additional  large  tracts  of  territory.  The  settlement  of  the  country  progressed 
rapidly,  and  again  an  era  of  ap])arent  good  will  juevailed  between  the  whites  and  Indians. 
By  the  enil  of  the  year  1817,  the  Indian  title,  with  sonic  moderate  reservations,  had  been 
extingiii.-hed  to  the  whole  of  the  land  within  the  State  of  Ohio,  to  a  great  jiart  of  that 
in  Michigan  Territory,  and  in  the  State  of  Indiaiui.  In  1S1T  (lov.  (^ass.  of  Michigan,  in 
conjunction  with  Gov.  McArthnr,  of  Ohio,  obtained  a  cession  of  most  of  the  remaining 
lands  in  Ohio  with  some  adjoining  tracts  in  Indiaini  and  Michigan,  amounting  in  all  to 
about  4,000,000  of  acres,  and  in  1810  Gov.  Cass  met  the  Chippewas  at  Saginaw  and  ob- 
tained a  cession  of  lands  in  the  i)eniiisnla  of  Michigan  to  the  extent  of  about  (5.000,000 
of  acres.  The  next  year  a  treaty  w'as  made  at  Chicago,  tlien  notliing  but  a  military  post, 
called  Port  Dearborn,  with  the  Cliii)pewas,  Ottawas  and  I'ottawatamii's,  by  which  a  large 
additional  tract  was  obtained,  which  completed  the  extinguishment  of  the  Indian  title 
to  the  iHiiinsula  of  Michigan  south  of  the  Grand  river.     By  iHliO  a  number  of  military 


THE   NORTHWEST  TEERITORT.  43 

posts  were  established  far  in  the  interior,  and  among  them  was  one  at  Belle  Point  on  the 
Arkansas,  at  Council  Bluffs  on  the  Missouri,  at  St.  Peters  on  the  Mississippi,  and  at 
Green  Bay  on  the  upper  lakes. 

During  the  month  of  June,  1823,  Gen.  Ashley  and  his  party,  who  were  trading  under 
a  license  from  the  government,  were  attacked  by  the  Ricarees  while  trading  with  the  In- 
dians at  their  request.  Several  of  the  party  were  killed  and  wounded,  and  their  property 
taken  or  destroyed.  Col.  Leavenworth,  who  commanded  Fort  Atkinson  at  Council  Bluffs, 
then  the  most  Avestern  post,  took  immediate  measures  to  clieck  this  hostile  spirit  of  tlie 
Ricarees,  fearing  tliat  it  miglit  extend  to  other  tribes  in  that  quarter  and  endanger  the 
lives  of  traders  on  the  Missouri.  With  a  detachment  of  the  regiment  stationed  at  Coun- 
cil Bluffs,  he  successfully  attacked  the  Ricaree  village.  The  hostile  spirit,  however,  still 
continued  and  extended  to  the  tril^es  on  the  upper  Mississippi  and  the  upper  lakes.  Sev- 
eral parties  of  citizens  were  plundered  and  murdered  by  those  tribes  during  the  }"ear  1824. 
An  act  of  Congress  of  May  25th  of  this  year,  made  an  appi'opriation  to  defray  tlie  expenses 
of  making  treaties  of  trade  and  friendship  with  the  tribes  west  of  the  Mississippi,  and 
another  act  of  March  3,  1825,  provided  for  the  expense  of  treaties  with  the  Sioux, 
Chippewas,  Menomonees,  Sacs  and  Foxes,  and  other  tribes,  and  also  for  establishing 
boundaries  and  iiromoting  peace  between  them.  These  objects  were  in  the  main  accom- 
plished, and  by  the  treaties  made  the  government  secured  large  acquisitions  of  territory. 
Gov.  Cass,  in  conjunction  with  Gov.  Clark,  of  Missouri,  attended  a  grand  council  of  the 
tribes  this  year  at  Prairie  du  Chien,  to  carry  out  the  purposes  of  the  act  of  Congress  last 
mentioned.  During  his  continuance  in  office  as  Governor  of  Michigan  Territory,  Gov. 
Cass  made,  or  participated  in  the  making  of  nineteen  treaties  with  the  Indians,  and  by 
them  acquired  lands  in  Ohio,  Indiana,  Illinois,  Michigan  and  Wisconsin,  to  an  amount 
equal  to  one-fourth  of  the  entire  area  of  those  States. 

For  many  years  it  had  been  the  policy  of  the  government  to  obtain  a  relinquishment 
of  the  title  of  the  Indians  to  all  lands  within  the  limits  of  the  States,  and  as  rapidly  as 
possible  cause  the  removal  of  the  tribes  to  territory  beyond  the  Mississippi.  In  1830  the 
Chickasaws  and  Choctaws,  occupying  portions  of  the  States  of  Alabama  and  Mississippi, 
agreed  to  remove,  and  in  due  time  carried  out  their  agreement  in  good  faith.  The  same 
year  a  treaty  was  made  with  the  Sacs  and  Foxes,  b}^  which  they  agreed  to  cede  their 
lands  to  the  United  States,  and  remove  beyond  the  Mississippi.  The  principal  village  of 
these  united  tribes  was  located  at  the  mouth  of  Rock  river,  on  the  east  side  of  the  Mis- 
sissippi, near  where  the  city  of  Rock  Island  now  stands.  Here  had  been  an  Indian  village, 
according  to  tradition,  for  one  hundred  and  fifty  years.  These  tribes  had  owned  and 
occupied  the  country  bordering  on  the  Mississippi,  to  an  extent  of  seven  hundred  miles, 
from  the  mouth  of  the  Wisconsin  almost  to  the  mouth  of  the  Missouri.  The  Indians  did 
not  seem  disposed  to  comply  promptly  with  the  terms  of  the  treat}',  and  one  band,  under 
the  noted  chief  Black  Hawk  (^Mush-a-tan-wish-e-ki-ak-Jci-aJc^,  evinced  a  determination  to 
keep  possession  of  their  old  village.  Jolin  Reynolds,  Governor  of  Illinois,  construed  their 
continued  residence  in  the  ceded  territory  as  an  invasion  of  the  State,  and  under  his 
authority  to  protect  the  State  from  invasion,  ordered  out  seven  hundred  militia  to  force 
their  removal,  according  to  the  treaty.  This  interference  of  the  Governor  of  Illinois 
with  the  duties  belonging  to  the  Federal  Government,  obliged  the  commander  of  United 
States  troojas  in  that  quarter  to  co-operate  witli  him,  in  order  to  prevent  a  collision  be- 
tween the  State  militia  and  the  Indians.  Fort  Armstrong,  on  Rock  Island,  had  been 
established  as  early  as  1816,  and  when  the  Black  Hawk  trouble  commenced,  was  in  com- 
mand of  Gen.  Atkinson.  The  Indians  were  overawed  by  this  imposing  militaiy  force, 
and  yielding  to  necessity,  crossed  the  Mississippi. 


41  THE    NORTHWEST  TERRITORY 


CHAPTER  Vll. 

EARLY  NAVIGATION   OF  WESTERN   RIVERS. 

Navigation  of  the  Mississippi  by  the  Early  Explorers — Flat-boats  —  Barges  —  Methods  of  Propulsion  —  Brigs  and 
Schooners  —  The  First  Steamboat  on  Western  Waters  —  The  "Orleans" — The  "Comet"  —  The  "Enter- 
prise"  —  Capt.  Shrcvc — The  "Washington"  —  The  "General  Pike" — First  Steamboat  to  Si.  Louis — The 
■•  Independence"  the  First  Steamboat  on  the  Missouri  —  Capt.  Nelson  —  "Mackinaw  boats" — Navigation  un 
the  Upper  Mississippi  —  The  "Virginia"  —  The  " Shamrock "  —  Capt.  James  May  —  Navigation  on  the  Upper 
Missouri  —  Steamboating  on  the  Smaller  Rivers. 

We  have  accounts  of  the  navigation  of  the  Mississippi  river  as  early  as  l.')39,  by  De 
Soto,  while  in  search  of  the  "  fountain  of  youth."  His  voyage  ended  with  his  life,  and 
more  than  a  hundred  years  passed  away,  when  Marquette  and  Joliet  again  disturbed  its 
■waters  with  a  small  bark  transported  from  the  shores  of  Lake  Superior.  At  the  mouth  of 
the  Wisconsin  they  entered  the  Mississippi,  and  extended  their  voyage  to  the  mouth  of  the 
Arkansas.  Their  account  is  the  fust  which  gave  to  tiie  world  any  accurate  knowledge 
of  the  great  valley  of  the  Mississippi  river.  Their  perilous  voyage  was  made  in  the  Sum- 
mer of  1673.  The  account  was  read  with  avidity  by  tiie  missionaries  and  othei-s  about 
Lake  Superior,  and  soon  after  a  young  Frenchman  named  La  Salle  set  out  with  a  view  of 
jidding  further  information  in  relation  to  the  wonderful  valley  of  the  great  river.  His 
expedition  was  followed  by  other  voyages  of  exi>loration  on  western  rivers,  but  the  nar- 
ratives of  the  explorers  are  mostly  lost,  so  that  very  little  of  interest  remains  from  the 
voyage  of  La  Salle  to  the  latter  part  of  the  eighteenth  century,  when  the  French,  then 
holding  Fort  Du  Quesne,  contemplated  the  establishment  of  a  line  of  forts  which  would 
e.iable  them  to  retain  possession  of  the  vast  territory  northwest  of  the  Ohio  river.  Regu- 
lar navigation  of  the  Ohio  and  Mississippi,  however,  was  not  attempted  until  after  tiie 
P.evolution.  when  the  United  States  had  assumed  control  of  the  western  waters.  Trade 
with  New  Orleans  did  not  begin  until  near  the  close  of  the  century.  A  few  flat  boats 
were  employed  in  the  trade  between  Pittsburg  and  the  new  settlements  along  the  Ohio 
r'ver.  The  settlement  of  Kentucky  gradually  increased  the  trade  on  the  Oiiio,  and  caused 
a  demand  for  increased  facilities  for  conveyance  of  freight.  Boatmen  soon  found  it  j)rofit- 
able  to  extend  their  voyages  to  the  Spanish  settlements  in  the  South.  Freight  and  pas- 
B'jngers  were  conveyed  in  a  species  of  l>oat  wiiich  was  sometimes  called  a  barge,  or  harden 
by  tiie  French.  It  was  usually  from  ?;">  to  100  feet  long,  with  breadth  of  l>eam  from  !;"> 
to  20  feet,  and  a  capacity  of  GO  to  100  tons.  The  freight  was  received  in  a  large  covered 
coffer,  occupying  a  i)ortion  of  the  hulk.  Near  the  stern  was  an  apartment  six  or  eight 
(eet  in  length,  called  "the  cai)in,"  where  the  cai)tain  and  other  officials  of  the  boat  tjuar- 
tered  at  night.  The  helmsman  was  stationed  upon  an  elevation  above  the  level  of  the 
deck.  The  barge  usually  carricii  one  or  two  masts.  .\  iaige  square  sail  forward,  wiieii 
the  wind  was  favorable,  sometimes  much  relieved  the  hands.  The  work  of  propelling  the 
barges  usually  required  about  fifty  men  to  each  boat.  There  were  several  modes  of  pro- 
pelling the  barges.  At  times  all  were  engaged  in  rowing,  which  was  often  a  waste  of 
l.ilior  on  such  a  stream  ius  the  Mississippi.  Sometimes  the  navigators  resorted  to  the  use 
of  the  cordelle,  a  strong  rope  or  hawser,  attached  to  the  barge,  and  carried  along  the 
r.hore  or  l)each  on  the  shoulders  of  the  crew.  In  some  jtlaces  this  method  was  impractica- 
ble on  account  of  obstructions  along  the  shores.  Then  what  was  known  as  the  "warp- 
ing" process  was  resorted  to.  A  coil  of  rope  wa.'-.  sent  out  in  the  yawl,  and  fastened  to  a 
tree  on  the  sliore,  or  a  "  snag"  in  the  river.  While  liie  hands  on  board  were  pulling  up 
to  this  point,  another  coil  was  carried  further  ahead,  and  the  "  warping  "  process  repeated. 


THE  NORTHWEST  TERRITORY.  45 

Sometimes  it  was  expedient  to  use  setting  poles,  but  this  method  was  used  chiefly  in 
tlie  Oiiio.  During  a  period  of  about  twenty-five  years,  up  to  1811,  tlie  mode  of  convevanee 
on  our  western  rivers  was  by  flat-boats  and  l)arges.  It  required  tliree  or  four  montiis  Ic 
make  a  trip  from  Pittsburg  to  New  Orleans.  Passengers  between  these  points  we:e 
charged  from  'SI^.d  to  $150,  and  freight  ranged  from  $'>  to  $7  per  100  pounds.  It 
can  not  be  supposed  that  under  such  circumstances,  the  commerce  of  the  West  was 
very  extensive. 

Previous  to  the  introduction  of  steamers  on  western  waters,  attempts  were  made  to 
use  brigs  and  schooners.  In  1803  several  ships  were  built  on  the  Ohio,  and  in  ISO-")  the 
shijj  "Scott"  was  built  on  the  Kentucky  river,  and  in  the  Fall  of  that  3'ear  made  her 
first  trip  to  the  falls  of  the  Ohio.  While  there  two  other  vessels,  built  by  Berthone  & 
Co.,  arrived.  All  of  them  were  compelled  to  remain  three  months,  awaiting  a  suflicient 
rise  in  the  river  to  carry  them  over  the  falls.  In  1807  Mr.  Dean  built  and  launched  a 
vessel  at  Pittsburg.  This  vessel  made  a  trip  to  Leghorn,  and  when  making  her  entry  at 
the  custom  house  there,  her  papers  were  objected  to  on  the  ground  that  no  such  port  as 
Pittsburg  existed  in  the  United  States.  The  captain  called  the  attention  of  the  oSic^r 
to  the  Mississippi  river,  traced  it  to  its  confluence  with  the  Ohio,  tiience  following  tjjo 
latter  stream  past  Cincinnati  and  Marietta,  to  the  new  city  in  the  wilderness,  more  than 
two  thousand  miles  by  tvater  from  tiie  Gulf  of  Mexico!  All  these  vessels  were  found 
inadequate  for  the  purpose  of  trading  on  the  western  rivers,  and  were  soon  abandoned. 
They  could  not  stem  the  current  of  the  Mississippi.  They  were  transferred  to  tiie  gulf, 
and  the  commerce  of  the  rivers  was  abandoned  to  Mike  Fink  and  his  followers,  remain- 
ing with  them  until  1811.  In  this  year  Fulton  and  Livingston  opened  a  ship -yard  at 
Pittsburg,  and  built  the  small  propeller  "  Orleans,"  which  was  also  furnished  with  two 
masts.  She  was  a  boat  of  one  hundred  tons  burthen,  and  the  first  steamer  that  was 
launched  on  western  waters.  In  the  Whiter  of  1812  slie  made  her  first  trip  to  New 
Orleans  in  fourteen  days.  As  slie  passed  down  the  river  the  settlers  lined  the  banki, 
and  the  greatest  excitement  prevailed.  The  flat-boatmen  said  she  never  could  stem  the 
current  on  her  upward  trip.  After  iier  first  trip,  the  "  Orleans  "  engaged  in  the  Natche/. 
and  New  Orleans  trade,  and  paid  her  owners  a  handsome  profit  on  their  investment.  Tlie 
next  steamer  was  the  "  Comet,"  and  she  was  built  by  D.  French.  She  carried  but 
twenty -five  tons,  and  made  her  first  trip  to  New  Orleans  in  the  Spring  of  1814,  Soo.u 
after  she  was  taken  to  jjieces,  and  lier  engines  used  in  a  cotton  factoiy.  The  "'  Vesuvius," 
of  forty- eight  tons  burthen,  was  launched  at  Fulton's  ship -yard  in  the  Spring  of  Ibll, 
made  a  trip  to  New  Orleans,  and  on  her  return  was  grounded  on  a  sand  bar,  where  she 
remained  until  the  next  December.  This  boat  remained  on  the  river  until  1819,  when 
she  was  condemned.  The  "  Enterprise  ''  was  the  fourth  steamboat,  and  was  built  by 
Mr.  French,  who  built  the  "  Comet."  The  "  Enterprise  "  carried  seventy -five  tons,  and 
made  her  first  trip  to  New  Orleans  in  the  Summer  of  1814.  When  she  arrived  at  her 
destination  she  was  pressed  into  the  service  of  the  army,  under  Gen.  Jackson,  then  at 
New  Orleans.  She  was  ver}-  efficient  in  carrying  troops  and  army  supplies  from  the 
city  to  the  seat  of  war,  a  few  miles  below.  During  the  battle  of  the  8th  of  January 
she  was  busily  engaged  in  supplying  the  wants  of  Jackson's  army.  On  the  5th  of  May 
following  she  left  New  Orleans,  and  arrived  at  Louisville  in  twenty  -five  davs. 

In  1816  Captain  Henry  Shreve  built  the  "  Washington  "  with  many  improvements 
in  construction.  Tiie  boilers,  which  had  hitherto  been  placed  in  the  hold,  were  changed 
by  Captain  Shreve  to  the  deck.  In  September,  1816,  the  "  Washington  "  successfully 
passed  the  falls  of  the  Ohio,  made  her  trip  to  New  Orleans,  and  returned  in  Novembei 
to  Louisville.  On  the  12th  of  March.  1817,  she  started  on  her  second  trip  to  New 
Orleans,  the  ice  then  running  in  the  Ohio  slightly  retarding  her  progress.  She  made  tho 
trip  successfully,  and  returned  to  the  foot  of  the  falls  in  forty -one  days — the  upward 
trip  being  made  in  twenty  -  five  days.     By  this  time  it  was  generally  conceded  by  the 


46  '  THE  NORTHWEST  TERHITOKY 

flat -boatmen  that  Fitch  and  Fulton  were  not  visionary  fools,  but  men  of  genius,  and  that 
their  inventions  could  be  turned  to  immense  advantage  on  the  rivers  of  the  West. 
Steamboats  from  this  time  on  rapidly  multiplied,  and  tlie  occupation  of  the  old  flat- 
boatman  began  to  pa^s  away.  On  Captain  Shreve's  return  to  Louisville  the  citizens  gave 
him  a  public  reception.  Toasts  and  si)eeches  were  made,  and  the  "  Washington  "  de- 
clared to  be  the  herald  of  a  new  era  in  the  West.  Captain  Shreve  in  his  speech  asserted 
that  the  time  would  come  when  the  trip  to  Orleans  would  be  made  in  ten  days.  His  pre- 
diction was  more  than  verified,  for  as  early  as  1853,  the  trip  was  made  in  four  days  and 
nine  hours. 

While  these  festivities  were  going  on  in  Louisville,  the  "General  Pike  "  was  stem- 
ming tlie  current  of  the  Mississippi  for  a  new  port  in  steamboat  navigation.  With  a 
heavy  load  of  freight  and  passengers  she  left  New  Orleans  for  St.  Louis.  On  her  arrival 
at  the  latter  city  several  thousand  people  greeted  her  as  she  slowly  approached  the 
landing. 

Steam  navigation  commenced  on  the  Missouri  in  1819,  the  first  boat  being  the 
"  Independent,"  commanded  by  Captain  Nelson.  She  ascended  as  far  as  Chariton  and 
Franklin,  at  which  points  she  received  a  cargo  of  furs  and  buffalo  hides,  and  returned 
with  tiiem  to  St.  Louis. 

In  1816  Fort  Armstrong  was  erected  at  the  lower  end  of  Rock  Island.  On  the  10th 
of  May  of  tliis  year  Col.  Lawrence,  with  the  Eighth  Regiment  and  a  company  of  rifle- 
men, arrived  here  in  keel  boats.  Col.  George  Davenport  resided  near  the  fort  and 
supplied  the  troops  with  provisions,  and  also  engaged  in  trading  with  the  Indians.  Most 
of  his  goods  were  brouglit  from  •'  Mackinaw  "  through  Green  Bay,  thence  up  Fox  river 
to  the  "  Portage,"  where  tiiey  were  packed  across  to  the  Wisconsin  river,  and  carried 
down  the  Mississippi  in  what  were  called  "  Mackinaw  Boats."  The  navigation  of  the 
upper  Mississippi  was  confined  to  keel-boats  until  1823.  when  the  first  steamboat  —  the 
"  Virginia"  —  from  Wheeling,  ascended  with  provisions  to  Prairie  du  Chien.  This  boat 
was  three  or  four  days  in  passing  the  rapids  at  Rock  Island.  After  this,  up  to  1827, 
steamboats  continued  to  ascend  the  upper  Mississippi  occasionally  with  troops  and  mili- 
tary stores.  In  this  year  Capt.  James  May,  of  the  steamboat '"Sliamrock,"  made  llie 
firet  vo3'age  with  her  from  Pittsburg  to  Galena.  This  was  the  first  general  business  trip 
ever  made  on  the  upper  Mississippi  b}'  a  steamboat.  Capt.  May  continued  as  master  of 
a  steamboat  on  this  part  of  the  river  until  1834. 

Tiie  first  navigation  of  any  considerable  portion  of  the  Missouri  river  was  that  of 
Captains  Lewis  and  Clarke,  when  in  1804  they  ascended  tliat  river  in  keel-boats,  or 
barges,  from  its  mouth  almost  to  its  source.  Of  late  years  steamboats  have  navigated 
it  regularly  to  Fort  Benton.  Steamboat  navigation  lias  also  been  employed  on  many  of 
the  smaller  rivers  of  the  West,  including  the  Des  Moines  and  Cedar  rivers  in  Iowa.  The 
introduction  of  railroads  has  superseded  the  necessity  of  depending  upon  the  uncertain 
navigation  of  tiie  smaller  rivers  for  carrying  purposes.  Tlie  great  water-courses,  how- 
ever, will  doubtless  always  remain  the  indispensable  commercial  highways  of  the  nation. 


THE   NORTHWEST  TERRITORY.  '  47 

CHAPTER    VIII. 

ARCHAEOLOGY  OF  THE  NORTHWEST. 

.•Vncient  Work.s  —  Conjectures — Works  of  the  Mound  Builders  in  Ohio — Difif'irent  Forms  and  Classes — Mounds 
at  GallipoUs,  Marietia,  and  ChiUicotlie  —  Relics  Found  —  Ancient  Fortilications  at  Circleville  and  Other 
Places  ^  Pre -historic  Remains  in  Other  States  —  In  Iowa  —  Excavation  of  Mounds  —  Elongated  and  Round 
Mounds  —  Their  Antiquity —  Who  Were  the  Mound  Builders? 

Scattered  all  over  the  great  Northwest  are  the  remains  of  the  works  of  an  ancient 
people,  who  must  have  been  infinitely  more  advanced  in  the  arts  than  the  Indian  tribes 
who  inhabited  the  country  at  the  time  of  the  advent  of  the  European.  The  question  as 
to  whether  the  Indians  are  the  descendants  of  that  people,  the  Mound  Builders,  is  a  subject 
of  antiquarian  speculation.  One  thing,  howevei',  is  certain,  that  a  people  once  inhabited 
all  this  vast  region  who  possessed  some  considerable  knowledge  of  the  arts  and  even  the 
sciences ;  a  people  of  whom  the  Indians  possessed  no  knowledge,  but  whose  works  have 
survived  the  mutations  of  hundreds,  and  perhaps  thousands  of  years,  to  attest  that  they 
lived,  and  acted,  and  passed  away.  There  have  been  various  conjectures  of  the  learned 
concerning  the  time  wlien,  by  what  people,  and  even  for  what  purpose,  these  monuments 
of  human  ingenuity  were  erected.  Their  origin  is  deeply  involved  in  the  obscurity  of 
remote  antiquity.  Neither  history,  nor  authentic  tradition,  afford  any  ligjrt  by  which  to 
conduct  inquiries  concerning  them,  and  it  is  probable  that  no  certainty  upon  the  subject 
will  ever  be  attained.  Brief  mention  of  some  of  these  ancient  works  can  not  fail  to  in- 
terest the  reader.  Tliey  are  found  distributed  over  the  country  generally  from  the 
Alleghany  Mountains  to  the  Rocky  Mountains.  They  are  more  numerous  and  more 
remarkable,  however,  in  some  parts  of  the  country  than  in  others. 

Some  of  the  most  remarkable  foitifications  in  Ohio  are  at  Worthington,  Granville, 
Athens,  Marietta,  Gallipolis,  Chillicothe,  and  Circleville  ;  also,  on  Paint  Creek,  IS  miles 
northwest  of  Chillicothe,  and  on  a  plain  three  miles  northeast  of  the  last  named  city. 
In  some  localities  there  are  both  mounds  and  fortifications,  while  in  others  there  are 
mounds  only.  The  mounds  vary  in  magnitude,  and  also  somewhat  in  shape.  Some  are 
conical,  ending  sharply  at  the  summit,  and  as  steep  on  the  sides  as  the  earth  could  be 
made  to  lie.  Others  are  of  the  same  form,  except  that  they  present  a  flat  area  on  the 
top,  like  a  cone  cut  off  at  some  distance  from  its  vortex,  in  a  plane  coincident  with  its 
base,  or  with  the  horizon.  Others  again,  are  of  a  semi  globular  shape.  Of  this  descriji- 
tion  was  that  standing  in  Gallipolis.  The  largest  one  near  Worthington  is  of  the  second 
kind,  and  presents  on  the  summit  a  level  area  of  forty  feet  in  diameter.  There  is  one  at 
Marietta  of  this  kind,  but  the  area  on  the  top  does  not  exceed  twenty  feet  in  diameter. 
Its  perpendicular  height  is  about  fifty  feet,  and  its  circumference  at  the  base  twenty  rods. 
Those  in  Worthington  and  Gallipolis  are  each  from  fifty  to  a  hundred  feet  in  diameter 
at  their  bases.  A  large  mound  once  stood  in  the  heart  of  the  city  of  Chillicothe,  but 
was  leveled  forty  or  fifty  years  ago  to  make  room  for  the  erection  of  a  block  of  buildings. 
and  in  its  destruction  a  number  of  relics  were  exhumed.  Several  smaller  mounds  were 
located  in  the  same  vicinity.  They  are  found  scattered  in  profusion  in  the  valleys  of  the 
INliamis,  Scioto,  Hocking  and  Muskingum  rivers,  as  well  as  south  of  the  Ohio  river.  One 
of  the  largest  is  near  the  Ohio  river,  14  miles  below  Wheeling.  This  is  about  33  rods  in 
circumference,  and  consequently  between  ten  and  eleven  rods  in  diameter  at  its  base. 


48  THE   NOKTHWEST   TERRITORY. 

Its  perpendicular  heifjht  is  about  seventy  feet.  On  the  summit  is  an  area  of  nearly  sixty 
feet  in  diameter,  in  tlu-  middle  of  which  is  a  regular  cavity,  the  ciihical  contents  of  which 
are  about  1:5,000  feet.  Witliin  a  short  distance  of  this  mound  are  five  smaller  ones,  some 
of  which  are  thirty  feet  in  diameter.  Some  of  the  mounds  mentioned,  and  others  not 
referred  to,  iiave  been  excavated,  either  bytiie  antiquarian  or  in  the  construction  of  pub- 
lic woiks,  and  in  tlie  most  of  them  liuman  bones  have  been  discovered.  Most  of  these 
bones  crumble  in  pieces  or  resolve  i.ito  dust  shortly  after  being  exposed  to  the  air  ;  ex- 
cept in  some  instances,  wherein  the  teeth,  jaw,  skull,  and  sometimes  a  few  other  bones, 
by  reason  of  their  peculiar  solidity,  resist  the  effects  of  contact  with  the  air.  From  the 
fact  of  the  finding  human  remains  in  them  many  have  inferred  that  they  were  erected  as 
burial  places  for  the  dead.  In  some  of  them,  however,  which  have  iieen  examined,  no 
human  remains  have  been  discovered,  but  pieces  of  pottery,  stone  hatchets,  and  other 
relics,  are  found  in  nearly  all. 

Manj-  of  these  mounds  are  composed  of  earth  of  a  different  quality  from  that  which 
is  found  in  their  immediate  vicinity.  This  circumstance  would  seem  to  indicate  that  the 
earth  of  which  they  were  composed  was  transported  some  distance.  A  striking  instance 
of  this  difference  of  composition  was  first  noticed  some  sixt}'  or  seventy  years  ago.  in  a 
mound  at  Franklinton,  near  the  main  fork  of  the  Scioto  river.  This  mound  was  composed 
altogether  of  clay,  and  the  brick  for  the  court-house  in  that  town  were  made  of  it  at  that 
time.  In  it  were  likewise  found  a  much  greater  number  of  human  bones  than  is  usually 
found  in  mounds  of  its  size.  The  characteristics  mentioned  in  connection  with  the  mounds 
in  Oiiio  apply  to  those  generally  throughout  the  Northwest. 

Not  so  numerous  as  the  mounds,  but  more  remarkable  as  involving  the  principles  of 
science,  especially  mathematics,  are  the  fortifications,  or  earlli  walls,  found  in  many 
places.  They  are  commonly  supposed  to  have  been  forts,  or  military  fortifications.  They 
generally  consist  of  a  circular  wall,  composed  of  earth,  and  usually  as  steep  on  the  sides 
as  the  dirt  could  conveniently  be  made  to  lie.  Sometimes,  thougli  rarely,  their  form  is 
elliptical,  or  oval,  and  a  few  of  them  are  quadrangular  or  square.  In  height  they  are 
various;  some  of  them  are  so  low  as  to  be  scarcely  |)ercej)tible  :  some  from  twenty  to 
thirty  feet  in  height,  while  others  again  are  of  an  intermediate  elevation.  The  wall  of 
the  same  fort,  however,  is  pretty  uniformly  of  the  same  height  all  around.  They  are  like- 
wise equally  various  in  the  contents  of  the  ground  which  they  enclose,  some  containing 
but  a  few  square  rodsof  ground,  while  others  contain  nearly  one  hundred  acres.  The  number 
of  their  entrances,  or  gateways,  varies  in  different  torts  from  one  to  eight  or  more,  in  pro- 
portion to  the  magnitude  of  the  enclosure.  The  walls  are  mostly  single,  but  in  some 
instances  these  works  have  been  found  to  consist  of  two  parallel  walls,  adjacent  to  each 
other.  The  forts  are  generally  located  on  comparatively  elevated  ground,  adjoining  a 
river  or  stream  of  water.  Their  situation  is  usually  such  as  a  skillful  military  engineer 
or  tactician  would  have  selected  for  military  positions.  This  fact  would  seem  to 
strengliien  the  theory  that  they  were  designed  and  constructed  for  fortifications. 

Tiie  city  of  Circles  illc,  Ohio,  is  located  on  the  site  of  one  of  the  most  remarkable  of 
these  fortifications,  and  from  this  circumstance  takes  its  name.  There  are,  or  were, 
indeed,  two  fort>»  at  that  place,  one  circular,  and  the  other  square. 

The  square  fort  adjoins  a  circular  one  on  the  east,  communicating  with  it  b_v 
a  gateway'.  The  circtdar  fort  consists  of  two  j)arallcl  walls,  whose  tops  are,  apparently, 
about  three  rods  apart,  the  inner  circle  l)eing  forty-seven  rods  in  diameter.  Between 
these  two  walls  is  a  fosse,  excavated  sufficiently  deep  and  broad  to  have  afforded 
earth  enough  for  the  construction  of  the  exterior  wall  alone,  and  no  more.  F'rom 
this  circumstance  and  others,  the  earth  for  the  construction  of  the  inner  wall  is 
supposed  to  have  iieen  transported  from  a  distance.  The  inner  wall  is  composed 
of  clay,  anil  tiie  outer  one  of  dirt  and  gravel  of  similar  quality  with  that  which 
composes   the    neighboring    ground,   which    is   another   circumstance    quite    conclusive 


THE   NORTHWEST  TERRITORY.  49 

of  the  correctness  of  the  conjecture  that  the  material  for  the  inner  wall  was  brought  from 
a  distance.  There  is  but  one  original  opening,  or  passage,  into  tlie  circular  fort,  and  that 
is  on  the  east  side,  connecting  it  witii  the  square  one.  The  latter  lias  seven  avenues  lead- 
ing into  it,  exclusive  of  the  one  which  connects  with  the  circle.  There  is  one  at  every 
corner,  and  one  on  each  side  equi-distant  from  the  angular  openings.  These  avenues  are 
each  twelve  feet  wide,  and  the  walls  on  either  hand  rise  immediately  to  their  usual  heiglit, 
which  is  about  twenty  feet.  Wlien  tlie  town  of  Circleville  was  originally  laid  out,  the 
trees  growing  upon  the  walls  of  these  fortifications  and  the  mounds  enclosed  in  the  squtire 
one,  were  apparently  of  equal  size  and  age,  and  those  lying  down  in  equal  stages  of  decay, 
with  those  in  the  surrounding  forest,  a  circumstance  proving  the  great  antiquity  of  these 
stupendous  remains  of  former  labor  and  ingenuity.  Of  course,  the  progress  of  modern 
civilization  in  the  building  of  a  city  over  these  ancient  remains,  has  long  since  nearly  oblit- 
erated many  of  their  parts.  The  above  is  a  description  of  them  as  they  appeared  sixty 
years  ago,  when  Circleville  was  a  mere  village,  and  before  the  hand  of  modern  vandalism 
had  marred  or  obliterated  anj^  of  the  parts.  A  somewhat  minute  description  of  these 
ancient  remains  is  given,  not  because  they  are  more  remarkable  than  many  others  found 
in  different  parts  of  the  Northwest,  but  as  an  example  to  show  the  magnitude  of  many 
similar  works.  Among  others  in  the  same  State  ma)'  be  mentioned  a  remarkable  mound 
near  Marietta,  which  is  enclosed  by  a  wall  embracing  an  area  230  feet  long  by  215  wide. 
This  mound  is  thirty  feet  higli  and  elliptical  in  form.  This  mound,  with  tl^.e  wall  enclos- 
ing it,  stands  apart  from  two  other  irregular  enclosures,  one  containing  fifty  and  the  other 
twenty-seven  acres.  Within  the  larger  of  these  two  enclosures  there  are  four  truncated 
pyramids,  three  of  which  have  graded  passage  ways  to  their  summits.  The  largest  pyra- 
mid is  188  feet  long  by  132  feet  wide,  and  is  ten  feet  high.  From  the  southern  wall  of 
this  enclosure  there  is  a  graded  passage  way  150  feet  broad,  extending  600  feet  to  the  im- 
mediate valley  of  the  Muskingum  river.  This  passage  way  is  guarded  by  embankments 
on  either  side  from  eight  to  ten  feet  high.  In  the  smaller  square  there  are  no  pyramidal 
structures,  but  fronting  each  gate-way  there  is  a  circular  mound.  The  walls  of  these 
several  enclosures  are  from  twenty  to  thirty  feet  broad  at  the  base,  and  from  five  to 
six  feet  high.  Besides  these,  many  similar  embankments  may  be  traced  in  the  same 
vicinity. 

Squier  and  Davis,  authors  of  that  most  elaborate  work,  entitled  "  The  Ancient 
Monuments  of  the  Mississippi  Valley,"  estimated  that  there  were  in  Ross  county,  Ohio, 
at  least  one  hundred  enclosures  and  five  hundred  mounds.  They  give  the  probable  num- 
ber in  that  State  at  from  one  thousand  to  fifteen  hundred  enclosures,  and  ten  thousand 
mounds.  These  estimates  are  quite  likely  to  be  far  below  the  actual  number,  as  their 
investigations  were  made  many  years  ago,  when  large  portions  of  the  State  were  yet 
covered  with  forests,  and  before  any  general  interest  had  been  awakened  on  the  subject 
of  which  they  treated.  Among  the  remarkable  fortifications  in  Ross  county  is  one  at 
Cedar  Bank,  on  the  east  side  of  the  Scioto  river,  about  five  miles  north  of  Chillicothe. 
It  is  a  square  form,  enclosing  an  area  of  thirty-two  acres.  The  west  side  of  this  enclos- 
ure is  formed  by  the  high  bluff  bordering  the  river  at  this  point.  There  are  two  gate- 
ways opposite  each  other,  one  on  the  north  and  the  otlier  on  the  south  side.  Inside  of 
the  enclosure,  on  a  line  with  the  gate-ways,  there  is  a  mound  215  feet  long  and  150  feet 
broad. 

When  this  work  first  attracted  the  attention  of  Mr.  E.  G.  Squier,  Dr.  Davis,  and 
others  engaged  in  archaeological  research,  it  was  in  the  midst  of  a  dense  forest  of  heav}' 
timber.  Trees  of  the  largest  growth  stood  on  the  embankments,  and  covered  the  entire 
area  of  ground  enclosed.  About  a  mile  and  a  half  below,  on  the  same  side  of  the 
Scioto,  are  other  fortifications,  both  circular  and  square,  even  more  remarkable  than  the 
one  last  desci'ibed,  on  account  of  the  forms  and  combinations  which  they  exhibit.  An- 
other fortification  in  this  county,  in  the  form  of  a  parallelogram,  2,800  feet  long  by  1,800 


50  THE  NORTHWEST  TERKITORY. 

feet  wide,  encloses  several  smaller  works  and  mounds,  which  altogether  make  3,000,000 
cubic  feet  of  enhankment. 

A  scries  of  tlie  most  wonderful  and  most  gifjantic  of  these  pre-liistoric  works,  is  to 
he  found  in  the  Licking  Valley,  near  Newark.  Thev  cover  an  area  of  two-square  miles. 
Tiie  works  are  of  sucli  vast  magnitude  that  even  with  our  labor-saving  implements  to 
construct  them,  would  require  tlie  labor  of  thousands  of  men  continued  for  many  months, 
••  Fort  Ancient,"  as  it  is  called,  in  Warren  county.  Ohio,  has  nearly  four  miles  of  em- 
bankment, from  eighteen  to  twenty  feet  high. 

Mounds  and  fortifications  similar  to  those  in  Ohio  are  found  in  all  the  Slates  of  the 
Northwest,  and  indeed,  througliout  the  entire  valley  of  the  Mississippi  and  its  tributaries. 
In  tlie  vallev  of  the  Wabash^  in  Indiana,  are  many  interesting  remains  of  the  works  of 
tlie  Mound  Builders.  Near  Kahokia.  Illinois,  there  is  a  mound  2,000  feet  in  circumfer- 
ence, ami  iiinetv  feet  high.  Many  lemarkable  objects  of  interest  to  the  antiquary  are 
fonml  ill  Wisconsin.  Scattered  ovei  her  undulating  plains  are  earth-works,  modeled 
after  tlie  forms  of  men  and  animals.  At  Aztalan,  in  Jefferson  county,  is  an  ancient  forti- 
fication 5-50  yards  long  and  275  yards  wide.  Tlie  walls  are  from  four  to  five  feet  high, 
and  more  than  twenty  feet  in  thickness  at  tiie  base.  Near  tlie  Blue  Mounds,  in  that 
State,  tiiere  is  another  work,  in  form  resembling  a  man  in  a  recumbent  position.  It  is 
one  hundred  ami  twenty  feet  long  and  thirty  feet  across  the  trunk.  At  Prairievilie  there 
is  still  anotlier  resembiing  a  turtle  in  sliape  which  is  fifty-six  feet  in  length.  At  Cass- 
\ille  there  is  one  whicli  is  said  to  resemble  tlie  extinct  mastodon.  In  some  instances 
these  animal  resemblances  and  forms  are  much  defaced  by  time,  while  in  other  cases 
they  are  distinctly  visible.  Fragments  of  ancient  pottery  are  found  scattered  about  most 
of  tlieni. 

Scattered  over  the  surface  of  Iowa,  also,  are  to  be  found  many  of  these  monuments 
of  a  pre-historic  race.  Tlie  mounds  especially  are  nuuieroiis.  appearing  most  in  that  por- 
tion of  the  State  east  of  tlie  Des  Moines  river,  but  in  a  few  instances  west  of  it.  Groups 
of  mounds  are  found  along  Iowa  river,  in  Johnson  county,  presenting  tiie  same  geneml 
appearance  with  those  in  the  States  east  of  the  Mi.ssissippi.  Near  the  mouth  of  this 
river,  in  Louisa  county,  are  the  remains  of  an  ancient  fortification,  willi  a  number  of 
moiiiKls  ill  the  same  vicinity,  wiiicli  have  attracted  tlic  attention  of  tlie  curious.  In  the 
vicinity  of  Ottuniwa.  Wapello  county,  are  a  large  number  of  mounds,  several  of  which 
have  been  examined.  There  is  a  chain  of  them  in  this  last  naine<l  county,  coniincncing 
near  the  mouth  of  Sugar  Creek,  a  small  tributary  of  the  Des  Moines,  and  extending 
twelve  miles  northward,  with  distances  between  them  in  some  instances  as  great  as  two 
miles.  Two  of  tliein  were  excavated  several  years  ago.  One  of  them  was  about  45  feet 
in  diameter,  and  situated  npim  the  highest  ground  in  the  vicinity.  The  other  was 
directly  north  about  oiic-fouitli  of  a  mile.  Its  diaiucter  at  the  base  was  about  75  feet. 
In  the  center  of  this  last  named  niouiid,  was  fouml.  at  the  depth  of  bnir  feet,  a  layer  of 
stone,  with  the  appearance  of  having  been  subjected  to  the  action  of  fire.  There  were 
also  found  a  mass  of  charcoal,  a  bed  of  ashes,  and  calcined  human  bones.  A  number  of 
relics  were  also  foun<l  in  the  smaller  mound  first  mentioned.  These  examinations  were 
made  by  several  geiitleiiieii  of  Ottiuiiwa. 

.Ml'.  F.  C.  Roberts,  in  a  Fort  .Madison  paper,  writes  of  the  examination  of  u  mound 
situated  about  six  miles  north  of  that  city,  a  few  years  ago.  It  is  located  on  the  brow 
of  a  hill,  is  of  an  elliptical  shape,  and  small  in  size,  being  only  about  30  feet  long, 
and  15  feet  wide  ;  its  height  was  about  six  feet.  The  mound  contained  a  number  of 
separate  compartments,  constructed  ivs  follows:  First,  there  was  a  fioor  made  of  lime- 
stone, which  must  have  been  lirouglit  a  distance  of  several  miles,  as  none  nearer  could 
have  been  obtained.  This  Mimm-  was  laid  regular  an<l  sinoulh,  the  best  sUuie  only  being 
used.  Above  the  fioor,  with  an  intervening  .>ipacc  of  about  twenty  inches,  there  was  a 
roof,  also  made  of  limestone.     The  sides  of  this  vault,  if  it  may  so  be  called,  seemed  to 


THE  NORTHWEST  TERRITORY.  51 

have  once  had  stone  walls,  but  they  were  more  or  less  caved  in.  It  was  also  thought  that 
tlie  roof  had  originally  been  much  higher.  The  compartments  were  made  by  partitions 
or  walls  of  stone.  Each  compartment  was  occupied  by  a  human  skeleton,  and  articles 
of  flint  and  stone,  as  well  as  some  bones  of  animals.  All  the  skeletons  of  human  origin 
were  placed  in  a  sitting  position,  with  the  knees  drawn  up,  and  the  head  inclined  forward 
between  them.  The  arms  were  placed  by  the  side,  and  sometimes  clasped  around  the 
knees.  Besides  the  human  bones,  there  were  those  of  some  large  birds  and  of  some 
animal.  Some  of  these  were  charred,  and  were  found  in  connection  with  charcoal  and 
ashes.     There  were  numerous  flint  weapons,  and  small  three  cornered  stones. 

In  Cla3'ton  and  other  counties  in  the  northeastern  part  of  the  State,  the  Mound 
Builders  have  left  numerous  monuments  of  their  existence  in  that  region  in  pre-historic 
times.  The  researches  of  Hon.  Samuel  Murdock,  of  Clayton  county,  have  been  exten- 
sive and  successful  in  giving  to  the  scientific  and  antiquarian  world  much  information  in 
relation  to  these  works  of  an  ancient  people  who  once  occupied  our  continent.  He  has 
collected  a  vast  number  of  relics  from  the  mounds  in  that  portion  of  the  State.  After 
long  and  thorough  investigation,  he  gives  it  as  his  opinion  that  in  Clayton  county  alone 
there  are  not  less  than  one  hundred  thousand  artificial  mounds,  including  the  two  classes,  the 
round  and  the  elongated,  the  latter  ranging  from  one  hundred  to  six  hundred  feet  in  length. 
All  of  them,  so  far  as  examinations  have  been  made,  contain  more  or  less  skeletons.  One 
which  was  examined  near  Clayton  was  estimated  to  have  contained  over  one  hundred  bodies. 
From  investigations  made,  the  inference  is  drawn  that  the  elongated  mounds  are  of  greater 
antiquity  than  the  round  ones.  The  skeletons  found  in  the  former  are  in  a  more  ad- 
vanced state  of  decay,  and  in  some  of  them  there  is  scarcely  any  trace  of  bones.  In 
nearly  all  the  round  mounds  skeletons  were  found  in  a  remarkably  good  state  of  pre- 
servation, and  can  be  obtained  by  the  thousand.  These  facts  indicate  most  conclusively 
that  the  elongated  mounds  were  the  work  of  an  older  race  of  tlie  Mound  Builders,  and 
that  they  were  erected  ages  before  the  round  ones  were.  The  fact  that  human  remains 
have  been  found  in  nearly  all  of  both  classes  favors  the  theory  that  they  were  erected  as 
receptacles  for  the  dead. 

While  workman  were  excavating  a  mound  for  the  foundation  of  a  warehouse  in  the 
city  of  McGregor,  in  the  Summer  of  1874,  human  bones  were  found,  and  also  a  stone  ax 
weighing  thirteen  pounds.     It  was  embedded  twenty  feet  below  the  original  surface. 

As  stated,  the  work  of  the  JNIound  Builders  was  not  confined  to  that  portion  of  the 
State  embracing  the  jNIississippi  drainage.  Similar  remains,  though  not  so  numerous,  are 
observed  on  the  western  slope  of  the  water-shed  between  the  two  great  rivers  bordei'ing 
the  State.  Some  five  miles  below  Denison,  Crawford  county,  in  the  valley  of  Boyer 
river,  there  is  a  semi-circular  group  of  artificial  mounds.  They  are  situated  on  a  plateau, 
rising  above  the  first,  or  lower  bottom,  and  are  about  nine  in  number,  each  rising  to  a 
height  of  from  five  to  six  feet  above  the  general  level  of  the  ground.  Another  similar 
group  is  located  on  a  second  bottom,  at  the  mouth  of  Paradise  creek,  iu  the  same  county. 
Human  remains  have  been  found  in  some  of  them. 

GALENA   MOUNDS. 

On  the  top  of  the  high  bluffs  that  skirt  the  west  bank  of  the  Mississippi,  about  two 
and  a  half  miles  from  Galena,  are  a  number  of  these  silent  monuments  of  a  pre-historic 
age.  The  spot  is  one  of  surpassing  beauty.  From  that  point  may  be  obtained  a  view  of 
a  portion  of  three  States, — Illinois,  Iowa  and  Wisconsin.  A  hundred  feet  below,  at  the 
foot  of  the  perpendicular  cliffs,  the  trains  of  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad  thunder  around 
the  curve,  the  portage  is  in  full  view,  and  the  "Father  of  Waters,"  with  its  numerous 
bayous  and  islands,  sketches  a  grand  panorama  for  miles  above  and  below.  Here, 
probably  thousands  of  years  ago,  a  race  of  men  now  extinct,  and  unknown  even  in  the 
traditions  of  the  Indians  who  inhabited  that  section  for  centuries  before  the  discovery  of 


52  THE    NORTHWEST   TERRITORY, 

America  l)y  Columbus,  built  these  strangely  wonderful  and  enigmatical  mounds.  At 
this  point  these  mounds  are  circular  and  conical  in  form.  Tlie  largest  one  is  at  least  forty 
feet  in  diameter  at  the  base,  and  not  less  than  fifteen  feet  high,  even  yet,  after  it  lias  been 
beaten  l)y  tiie  storms  of  many  centuries.  On  its  top  stands  the  large  stump  of  an  oak 
tree  that  was  cut  down  about  fifty  years  ago,  and  its  annual  rings  indicate  a  growth  of 
at  least  two  luindred  years. 

One  of  the  most  singular  eartii-works  in  Illinois  was  found  on  the  top  of  a  ridge  near 
the  east  bank  of  the  Sinsinawa  creek  in  the  lead  region.  It  resemlded  some  huge  animal, 
the  head,  eai-s,  nose,  legs  and  tail,  and  general  outline  of  which  being  as  perfect  as  if 
made  b}-  men  versed  in  modern  art.  Tlie  ridge  on  whicii  it  was  situated  stands  on  tiie 
prairie,  300  yards  wide,  100  feet  in  height,  and  rounded  on  the  top  by  a  deep  deposit  of 
clay.  Centrally,  along  the  line  of  its  summit,  and  thrown  up  in  the  form  of  an  emliank- 
ment  three  feet  higli,  extended  the  outline  of  a  quadruped  measuring  250  feet  from  the 
tip  of  the  nose  to  the  end  of  tiie  tail,  and  having  a  width  of  18  feet  at  the  center  of  the 
body.  The  head  was  3o  feet  in  length,  the  ears  10  feet,  legs  60  and  tail  7.").  The  curva- 
ture in  both  the  fore  and  hind  legs  was  natural  to  an  animal  lying  on  its  side.  The 
general  outline  of  the  figure  most  nearly  resembled  tlie  extinct  animal  known  to  geolo- 
gists as  the  Megatherium.  The  question  naturally  arises.  By  wliom  and  for  what  purpose 
was  tiiis  earth  figure  raised  '.'  Some  have  conjectured  tiiat  numbers  of  this  now  extinct 
animal  lived  and  roamed  over  the  prairies  of  Illinois  wlien  the  Mound  Builders  first 
made  their  appearance  on  the  upper  part  of  the  Mississippi  Valley,  and  that  their  wonder 
and  admiration,  excited  by  the  colo.ssal  dimensions  of  these  liuge  creatures,  found  some 
expression  in  the  erection  of  this  figure.  The  bones  of  some  similar  gigantic  animals 
were  exliumed  on  this  stream  about  three  miles  from  tiie  same  place. 

LAUGE   CITIES. 

Mr.  Breckenridge,  who  examined  the  antiquities  of  the  Western  countr}-  in  1817, 
speaking  of  the  mounds  in  the  American  Bottom,  says:  "The  great  number  and 
extremel}'  large  size  of  some  of  them  maj'  be  regarded  as  furnishing,  with  other  circum- 
stances, evidences  of  their  antiquity.  I  have  .sometimes  been  induced  to  tliink  that  at 
the  period  wiieii  they  were  constructed  there  was  a  population  here  as  numerous  as  tiiat 
wiiich  once  animated  the  liorders  of  the  Nile  or  Eupiirates,  or  of  Mexico.  The  most 
numerous,  as  well  as  considerable,  of  these  remains  are  found  in  )»recisely  those  parts  of 
the  country  where  the  traces  of  a  numerous  population  niigiit  be  looked  for,  namely, 
from  the  mouth  of  the  Ohio  on  the  east  side  of  the  Mississippi,  to  the  Illinois  river,  and 
on  the  west  fiom  the  St.  Francis  to  the  Missouri.  I  am  perfectly  satisfied  tliat  cities 
similar  to  tiiose  of  ancient  Mexico,  of  several  hundred  thousand  souls,  have  existed  in 
tiiis  country. ■■ 

It  is  sometimes  difficult  to  distinguish  the  places  of  sepulture  raised  l)y  the  .Mound 
Builders  from  the  more  modern  graves  of  the  Indians.  Tiie  tombs  of  the  former  were 
in  general  larger  than  those  of  tlie  latter,  and  were  used  as  recejitacles  for  a  greater 
number  of  i)odies,  and  contain  relics  of  art,  evincing  a  higher  degree  of  civilization  than 
that  attained  by  the  Indians.  The  ancient  earthworks  of  the  .Monnd-Bnilders  have 
occasionally  been  appropriated  as  burial  places  by  the  Indians,  but  the  skeletons  of  the 
latter  may  be  distinguished  from  the  osteological  remains  of  the  former  by  their  greater 
stature. 

The  fact  that  their  works  extend  into  Mexico  and  Peru  has  induced  the  belief  that 
it  was  their  posterity  that  dwelt  in  these  countries  when  they  were  first  visited  by  the 
Spaniards.  The  Mexican  and  Peruvian  works,  with  the  exception  of  their  greater 
magnitude,  are  similar.  Relics  common  to  all  of  them  have  been  occasionall}'  found,  and 
it  is  lielieved  that  the  religious  uses  which  they  subserved  were  the  .same. 

Having  noticed  briefly  some  of  the  various  forms  in  which  the.se  stupendouB  works 


THE  NORTHWEST  TERRITORY.  53 

of  men  who  lived  far  back  in  the  centuries,  whose  annals  have  not  come  down  to  us  in 
any  written  language,  we  can  say  now  that  the  most  learned  have  only  been  able  to 
conjecture  as  to  the  remoteness  of  their  antiquity.  The  evidences  that  they  are  of  very 
^reat  age  are  abundant  and  conclusive,  6m<  Jioio  many  hundreds  or  thousands  of  years? 
This  is  the  problem  that  many  an  antiquary  would  freely  give  years  of  study  and  inves 
tigation  to  solve.  The  length  of  time  which  elapsed  during  wiiich  these  works  were  in 
progress  is  another  of  the  unsolved  questions  connected  witls  them,  and  yet  there  is 
abundant  evideiice  that  some  of  them  are  much  older  than  others ;  that  the  process  of 
their  construction  extends  over  a  large  duration  of  time  —  a  time  during  which  the 
Mound  Builders  themselves  passed  through  the  changes  which  mark  the  monuments  that 
they  have  left  behind  them.  It  is  a  well  known  fact  that  the  manners  and  customs  of 
rude  nations  isolated  from  intercourse  and  commerce  with  the  world,  pass  through  the 
process  of  change  and  development  very  slowly.  The  semi-civilized  nations  of  eastern 
lands,  after  the  lapse  of  thousands  of  years,  still  cling  to  the  manners  and  customs,  and 
the  superstitions  of  their  ancestors,  who  lived  at  the  early  dawn  of  our  historic  jjeriod. 
They  use  the  same  rude  implements  of  husbandry,  the  same  utensils  in  the  household,  the 
same  arms  in  warfare,  and  practice  the  same  style  of  dress — ali  with  but  little  change  or 
modification.  The  changes  are  only  sufficiently  marked  to  be  perceptible  after  many 
generations  have  passed  away.  Situated  as  the  Mound  Builders  were,  we  can  but  infer 
that  they  too  passed  slowly  tlirough  the  processes  of  change,  and  the  works  which  they 
have  left  behind  them  thorougiily  attest  the  truth  of  this  proposition.  Their  older  works 
appear  to  be  more  elaborate  and  more  intricate,  showing  that  the  earlier  workers  were 
possessed  of  a  higher  decree  of  attainment  in  the  meciianical  arts  than  those  whose 
worl:^  are  more  recent.  The  inference  is  that  proliablj-  after  long  ages,  tliey  gradually 
retrograded,  and  were  finally  subdued  or  driven  southward  into  Mexico  and  Central 
America,  by  the  ancestors  of  the;  Indians,  who  came  upon  them  from  the  northwest,  as 
the  Goths  and  Vandals  invaded  and  subverted  the  Roman  Empire.  This  final  subjuga- 
tion may  have  resulted  after  centuries  of  warfare,  during  which  time  these  fortifications 
were  constructed  as  defences  against  the  enem}-.  That  they  were  for  military  purposes 
is  scarcely  susceptible  of  a  doubt.  This  implies  a  state  of  warfare,  and  war  implies  an 
enem3^  The  struggle  ended  in  the  final  subjugation  of  that  people  to  whom  we  apply 
the  name  of  Mound  Builders — their  conquerors  and  successors  being  a  race  of  people  in 
whom  we  recognize  to  this  day,  traces  of  the  Asiatic  tyjie. 

We,  another  race  of  people,  aftc.-r  the  laipse  of  other  ages,  tread  to-day,  in  our  turn, 
on  the  ruin?;  of  at  least  a  limited  civilization  —  a  civilization  older  than  that  of  the  Aztecs, 
whom  Cortez  found  in  Mexico.  'liiis  great  Mississippi  valley  was  once  a  populous 
empire,  millions  of  whose  subjects  repose  in  the  sepulchers  scattered  in  our  valleys  and 
over  our  prairies.  While  we  bow  at  the  shrine  of  a  more  intelligent  Deity,  and  strive  to 
build  up  a  truer  and  better  civilization,  let  us  still  remember  that  we  tread  on  classic 
"•round. 


54  THE   NORTHWEST  TERRITORY. 

CHAPTER   TX. 

WESTERN  AND  NORTHWESTERN  STATES. 

Legislation  in  Re.;ar<l  to  Ohio  —  Admission  as  a  Slate  —  Df scriplion  —  Climate  anil  Soil  —  Origin  of  Name  —  Seat 
of  Government  —  Legislation  in  Kegard  to  Indiana  —  Description  —  L<5>t  Kiver  —  Wyandot  Cave  —  Seat  of 
Government  —  Intcni»l  Improvements —  Vincennes  —  Illinois —  Physical  Features  —  Productions  —  Towns 
and  Cities  — "  Lovers  Leap" — "  buffalo  Rock  "  —  "Cave  in  the  Rock  "  —  Michigan  —  The  lluundaiy  Question 
—  Admission  a-  a  Slate  —  Description — History  —  Towns  and  Cities — Wi-,c>nsin  —  Description  —  Climate 
and  Pri>duclions  —  Objects  of  Interest — Towns  and  Cities  —  Sketch  of  Milwaukee — Minnesota  —  Descrip- 
tion—  Lakes — Climate  and  Productions  —  Natural  Scenery — Red  Pipe  Stone — Historical  Sketch  —  Towns 
and  Ciiies —  Nebraska  —  Description  —  Towns  and  Cities  —  Missouri —  Organic  Legislation  —  The  "  Missouri 
Compromise  "  —  Description  —  Early  Settlement  —  St.  Louis. 

OHIO. 

Ohio  was  the  first  State  formed  out  of  the  territoiy  northwest  of  the  river  Ohio, 
and  was  ceded  to  the  United  States  by  tlie  General  Assemlily  of  Vir  rinia  in  1783,  and 
accepte'l  by  the  Congress  of  the  United  States,  Afarch  1,  1784.  This  territory  was 
dividt'<l  into  two  separate  governments  by  act  of  Congress  of  May  7,  1800.  Ohio  re- 
mained a  Territorial  government  until  under  an  act  of  Congress,  approved  A}iril  30. 
1SU2,  it  iidopfed  a  State  constitution,  and  was  allowetl  one  representtitive  in  Congress. 
On  the  (irst  of  November  of  the  same  year  the  constitution  was  presented  in  Corfgress. 
The  people  having,  on  November  '29,  1802,  complied  with  the  act  of  Congress  of  April 
30,  1802,  whereby  the  State  became  one  of  the  United  States,  an  act  was  passed  and 
approved  February  \'.K  1803,  for  the  due  execution  of  the  laws  of  the  United  States 
within  tiiat  Slate. 

The  State  embraces  an  area  of  about  3it,(i64  square  miles,  or  2o..'>76,9G0  acres. 
There  are  no  mountiiins,  but  tlie  central  portion  of  the  Stale  is  elevated  about  1,000  f.^et 
above  the  level  of  the  sea,  while  other  portions  are  from  GOO  to  sOO  feet  in  elevation.  A 
belt  of  highhmds  north  of  the  middle  of  the  State  sei)arates  the  rivers  Howing  north  into 
Lake  Erie  from  those  flowing  soutii  into  the  Oliio  river.  The  middle  portion  of  the 
State  in  great  part  is  an  elevated  plain  with  occasional  patclns  of  mai-sii  land.  .\  huge 
proportion  of  the  .Slate  when  first  settled  Wiis  covered  witii  forests,  but  in  the  central 
part  there  was  some  prairie.  Botilders  are  found  scattered  over  the  surface,  as  they  are 
generally  throughout  the  Northwest. 

The  bituminous  coal-field  of  the  State  extends  over  an  urea  embracing  nearly  12,000 
scpiare  miles.  It  occupies  the  eastern  and  southeastern  parts,  with  its  nortliern  bouiulary 
running  near  Wooster,  Newaik,  and  Lancaster.  There  are  also  fretiuent  beds  of  lime- 
stone, as  well  as  sandstone  well  suited  for  heavy  masonry.  Tlie  most  important  of  the  oilier 
mineral  productions  is  iron,  whicii  it  possesses  in  great  abundance.  This  is  found  run- 
ning througii  the  counties  of  Lawrence,  Gallia,  Jackson,  Meigs,  Vinton.  Athens,  and 
Hocking,  in  a  bed  100  miles  long  l)y  12  wide.  For  fine  castings  it  is  not  surpassed  by 
tiiat  found  in  any  other  part  of  the  United  States.     Salt  springs  are  also  fretiuent. 

Tlie  great  river  of  tlic  State  is  the  ( lliio,  which  forms  its  .soutlicrn  boundary,  and 
receives  the  tributary  volniuf  of  waters  flowing  from  the  Muskingum,  .Scioto,  and  Sliami, 
as  well  as  tiiose  of  many  smaller  streams.  Ti»e  interif)r  rivers  mentioned  vary  in  length 
from  110  to  200  miles.  The  Ohio  is  navigable  by  steamboats  of  the  first-class  during 
one-half  the  year  to  Pittsburgh.  The  Muskingum  is  navigable  by  means  of  dams  and 
locks  to  Zanesville,  70  miles  from  its  mouth,  ami  al  times  30  niilcs  farther  up  to  Coshoc- 
ton.    On  the  northern  slope  of  the  State,  beginning  at  the  norlh>vest,  are  the  Maumee, 


THE  NORTHWEST  TERRITORY. 


55 


Sandusky,  Huron,  and  Cuj-ahoga,  all  flowing  into  Lake  Erie,  and  all  flowing  their  entire 
course  within  the  State,  except  the  IMaumee,  which  rises  in  Indiana.  The  last-named 
river  is  navigable  for  lake  steamers  a  distance  of  18  miles.  Lake  Erie  coasts  the  State 
about  150  miles  ■.in  the  north  and  northeast,  affording  several  good  harbors. 

The  climate  in  the  southern  part  of  the  Stale  is  mild,  while  in  the  north  the  temper- 
ature is  equally  as  rigorous  as  in  the  same  latitude  near  the  Atlantic.  Great  droughts 
have  occasionally  prevailed,  but  the  State  is  regarded  as  one  of  the  most  productive  in 
the  Union.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  rye,  oats,  and  barley,  are  the  leading  cereals.  All  the 
fruits  of  the  temperate  latitudes  are  generally  abundant.  The  forest  trees  are  of  many 
kinds,  incUuling  the  several  varieties  of  oak,  hickory,  sugar  maple,  beech,  poplar,  ash, 
sycamoi'c,  paw-paw,  buckeye,  dogwood,  cherry,  elm,  and  hackberry. 

The  State  receives  its  name  from  that  of  the  river  which  forms  its  soutliern  boundar}'. 
It  is  of  Indian  or  aboriginal  origin.  It  is  not  easy  to  determine  its  real  signification  in 
tlie  Indian  language,  but  some  writers  have  claimed  that  it  means  handsome  or  beautiful. 
This  opinion  would  seem  to  be  somewhat  jdausible  from  the  fact  that  the  early  French 
explorers  called  it  La  Belle  Riviere,  or  the  Beautiful  River,  having  probably  learned  the 
signification  of  the  Indian  name,  and  therefore  gave  it  a  French  name  with  the  same 
signification. 

Oliio  was  first  partially  settled  by  a  few  French  emigrants  on  the  Ohio  river,  while 
they  poss.^ssed  Canada  and  Louisiana,  about  the  middle  of  the  last  century.  But  these 
settlements  were  very  inconsiderable  until  the  years  1787  and  1788,  when  the  Ohio 
Company  and  others  from  New  England  made  the  settlement  at  Marietta.,  The  early 
inhabitants  were  mucli  annoyed  by  the  incursions  of  tlie  Indians,  who  had  successively 
defeated  Gen.  Harmar  and  Gen.  St.  Clair,  in  1791  and  179i',  but  were  themselves  utterly 
routed  by  Gen.  Wayne  in  August,  1794.  Fort  Sandusky,  in  the  war  of  1812,  was  suc- 
,cessfully  defended  by  Maj.  Croghan,  then  but  21  years  of  age,  with  160  men  against  the 
attack  of  Gen.  Proctor,  with  500  British  regulars  and  as  many  Indians.  Cincinnati  was 
laid  out  as  early  as  1788,  but  there  were  only  a  few  settlers  until  after  Wayne's  victory. 
It  then  improved  rapidly,  having  in  1818  a  population  of  upward  of  9,000.  Chillicothe 
was  laid  out  in  1796,  and  in  1818  had  a  pojuilation  of  2,600.  Columbus,  the  present 
capital,  was  laid  out  early  in  the  year  1812,  and  in  1818  contained  about  1,500  inhabi- 
tants. Cleveland  was  laid  out  in  1796,  and  about  the  same  time  a  number  of  settlements 
were  made  along  the  Miami.  Until  the  legislature  met  in  Columbus,  in  December,  1816, 
Cincinnati  and  Chillicothe  had  alternately  enjoyed  the  distinction  of  being  both  the 
Territorial  and  State  capitals.  In  181-t  the  first  State-house,  a  plain  brick  building,  was 
erected  at  Columbus,  the  permanent  seat  of  the  State  Government.  In  February,  1852, 
it  was  entirely  consumed  by  fire,  and  was  succeeded  l)y  the  jjrescnt  fine  State  capitol, 
whicii  had  been  commenced  prior  to  the  destruction  of  the  old  one.  The  convention 
whicii  formed  the  first  constitution  of  the  State  was  held  in  Chillicothe,  in  November,  1802. 

The  following  table  shows  the  population  of  Ohio  at  the  close  of  each  decade,  from 
1800  to  1870: 


COLORED. 


AGGREGATE. 


iSoo 
i8io 
1S20 
1830 
1S40 
1S30 
1S60 
1870 


45,028 
228,861 

576.572 
928,329 
1,502.122 
1,955.050 
2,302,808 
2,601,946 


337 

45.365 

1,899 

230,760 

4.723 

581,295 

9.574 

937.903 

'7.345 

I.5I9.;67 

25.279 

I  980,329 

36673 

*2.339.5il 

63,213 

*2,665,26o 

*  The  above  aggregate  for  i860  includes  30  enumerated  as  Indians,  and  the  aggregate  for 
1870  includes  100  enumerated  as  Indians. 


66  THE  NORTH^^'EST  TERRITORY 

INDIANA. 

Indiana  was  formed  out  of  a  part  of  the  Northwestern  Territory  which  was  ceded  to 
the  United  States  by  Virginia.  It  received  a  separate  Territorial  form  of  govern- 
ment by  act  of  Congress  of  May  7,  1800.  and  William  Henry  Harrison  was  appointed 
Governor.  At  this  time  it  included  all  the  territory  west  to  the  Mississijjpi  river,  includ- 
ing all  now  embraced  in  the  States  of  Michigan,  Illinois,  Wisconsin,  and  that  part  of 
Minnesota  east  of  the  Mississippi.  Tlie  seat  of  the  territorial  government  was  estab- 
lished at  Vincenues.  By  act  of  January  11,  1805,  it  was  divided  into  two  separate 
governments,  and  that  of  Michigan  created.  Again,  Februar}'  8,  1809,  that  of  Illinois 
was  created.  On  the  I9th  of  April,  1816.  Congress  passed  an  act  to  enable  the  people 
of  Indiana  to  form  a  constitution  and  State  government.  On  the  "29111  of  June  of  the 
same  year  the  people  formed  a  constitution,  and  on  the  11th  of  December,  1816,  an  act 
of  Congress  was  approved  admitting  the  State  into  the  Union.  The  laws  of  the  United 
States  were  extended  to  the  State  by  an  act  of  March  3,  IMIT. 

Indiana  is  278  miles  in  its  greatest  length  from  north  to  south,  and  about  144  miles 
in  width,  and  includes  an  area  of  :'):j,809  square  miles,  or  •21,637.760  acres.  It  has  no 
mountains  or  great  elevations,  but  portions  south  of  White  river  are  somewhat  liilly. 
North  of  the  White  and  Wabasli  rivers  the  country  is  generally  level  or  sliglitly  undulat- 
ing. The  rivers  are  generally  bordeied  by  rich  alluvial  bottom  lands,  sometimes  extend- 
ing for  several  miles  in  width.  Some  of  the  southeastern  counties  in  places  present  a 
rocky  surface.  The  eastern  part  is  generally  heavily  timbered,  wliile  the  western  is 
chielly  prairie.  The  State  has  a  gradual  inclination  toward  the  Ohio,  and  most  of  the 
streams  flow  into  that  river.  Lake  Michigan  borders  the  State  on  the  northwest  for  a 
distance  of  about  40  miles,  while  the  Oiiio  forms  the  entire  southern  boundary.  In  tiie 
northern  part  there  are  some  small  lakes.  The  Wabash  is  the  largest  interior  river,  and 
with  its  tributaries  drains  nearly  three-fourths  of  the  State.  At  high  water  it  is  navig- 
able by  steaml)oats  as  far  as  Covington.  White  river  is  its  principal  tributary.  It  rises 
in  two  branches  in  the  eastern  part  of  tlie  State,  the  two  branches  uniting  about  30  miles 
from  the  Waiiash.  The  Maumee  is  formed  by  the  St.  Joseph's  and  .'^t.  .Mary's  in  the 
northeastern  part  of  the  State,  and  passes  off  into  Ohio.  The  Kankakee,  one  of  the 
sources  of  the  Illinois,  drains  the  northwestern  part  of  the  State.  Among  other  streams 
are  tlie  Tippecanoe,  Mississiniwa,  Whitewater,  Flat  Rock,  and  the  Blue  rivers. 

The  State  yields  an  abundance  of  coal,  the  great  deposit  being  in  the  southwestern 
portion,  and  embracing  an  area  of  nearly  8,000  scjuare  miles,  or  some  twenty-two  coun- 
ties, in  most  of  which  it  is  profitably  mined.  There  are  also  iron.  zinc,  gyjisum.  ami  lime 
and  sandstone.     Many  ijuarries  of  stone  yield  excellent  building  material. 

Indiana  is  not  without  its  natural  wonders  which  have  attracted  the  attention  of  the 
curious.  Among  these  is  Lost  river,  in  Orange  county.  Tiiis  stream  is  about  fifty  feet 
in  width.  It  sinks  many  feet  under  ground,  and  tiien  rises  to  the  surface  at  a  distance  of 
11  miles.  Then  there  is  Wyandot  Cave,  in  ('rawford  county.  In  beauty  and  magnifi- 
cence it  almost  rivals  the  celebrated  Mammoth  Cave  in  Kentucky.  It  has  been  explored 
a  distance  of  over  20  miles.  Its  greatest  width  is  about  300  feet,  and  its  greatest  luiglit 
245  feet.  Among  it,s  interior  wonders  are  "  Bandit's  Hall,"  *'  Pluto's  Uavine."  "  Monu- 
ment Mountain, '  "  Lucifer's  Gorge,"  and  "  Calypso's  Island."  The  interior  is  brilliantly 
sparrccl  with  pendant  stalactites. 

The  climate  is  milder  tiian  in  the  same  latitude  on  the  Atlantic  coast,  but  somewlnit 
8ul)ject  to  sudden  changes,  '{'he  soil  is  generally  productive,  and  in  the  river  bottoms 
very  deep,  well  adapted  to  Indian  corn  and  other  kinds  of  grain.  The  alluvial  bottom 
lands  of  the  Wabash  and  its  triliutaries  are  especially  noted  for  their  fertilit}'.  The  pro- 
ductions are  the  various  kinds  of  grain,  vegetables,  and  fruits  common  in  temperate  lati- 
tudes. 


THE   NORTHWEST  TERRITORY. 


57 


Indiana  has  a  large  variety  of  forest  trees.  Among  those  indigenous  to  the  State 
are  several  kinds  of  oak,  poplar,  ash,  walnut,  hickory,  elm,  cherry,  maple,  buckeye,  beech, 
locust,  sycamore,  cottonwood,  hackberry,  mulberry,  and  some  sassafras. 

Indianapolis  is  the  capital,  and  is  situated  on  tlie  west  fork  of  White  river,  in  Marion 
county.  The  site  was  selected  for  the  capital  in  1820,  while  the  whole  country  for  forty 
miles  in  every  direction  was  covered  with  a  dense  forest.  Previous  to  1825  the  State 
capital  was  at  Corydon,  but  in  that  year  the  public  offices  were  removed  to  Indianapolis. 
The  State-house  was  erected  at  a  cost  of  f 60, 000,  and  at  that  time  was  considered  an 
elegant  building.  It  is  now  unsuited  for  the  purposes  of  a  great  State  lilve  Indiana,  and 
will  soon  give  place  to  a  larger  and  more  elegant  structure.  Indianapolis  in  1840  had  a 
population  of  2.692;  in  1850  it  had  8,900  Tin  1860  it  had  18,611  ;  and  in  1870  it  had 
48,244. 

In  works  of  internal  improvement  Indiana  stands  among  the  leading  States  of  the 
Mississippi  valley.  Railroads  radiate  in  all  directions  from  Indianapolis,  and  there  is 
scarcely  a  place  in  the  State  of  any  considerable  importance  that  is  not  connected, 
directly  or  indirectly,  with  the  larger  cities.  Among  her  early  improvements  were  the 
Wabash  and  Erie  Canal,  connecting  Evansville  with  Toledo,  and  the  Whitewater  Canal, 
connecting  Cambridge  City  with  Lawrenceburg,  on  the  Ohio.  Of  the  Wabash  and  Erie 
Canal,  379  miles  are  within  the  limits  of  Indiana.  The  Whitewater  Canal  is  74  miles 
long.  Indianapolis  is  the  largest  and  most  important  city  in  the  State,  and  among  tlie 
principal  cities  may  be  mentioned  New  Albany,  Evansville,  Fort  Wayne,  La  Fayette, 
Terre  Haute,  Madison,  Laporte,  Jeffersonville,  Logansport,  Crawfordsville,  Lawrenceburg, 
South  Bend  and  Michigan  City.  Corydon,  the  former  State  capital,  is  115  miles  south 
of  Indianapolis,  in  Harrison  county.  When  the  seat  of  government  was  removed  from 
this  place  to  Indianapolis,  in  1824,  it  remained  stationary  for  a  long  time,  but  within  a 
few  years  it  has  become  more  flourishing.  Vincennes,  the  ancient  seat  of  the  Territorial 
government,  is  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Wabash  river,  120  miles  south  of  Indianapolis. 
It  is  the  oldest  town  in  the  State,  and  possesses  mucli  historic  interest,  being  first  set- 
tled by  the  French  about  the  year  1735.  Many  of  the  present  inhabitants  are  of  French 
descent.     The  seat  of  government  was  removed  from  Vincennes  to  Coiydon  in  181-3. 

The  following  table  shows  the  population  of  Indiana,  at  the  close  of  each  decade, 
from  1800  to  1870  : 


iSoo 
iSio, 
1S20 
1S30 
1S40 
1S50 
i860 
1870 


2,402 

23,890 

145.758 

339.399 
678,698 

977.154 
1,338,710 

1.655.837 


COLORED. 


298 

630 

1,420 

3,632 

7,168 

11,262 

11,428 

24,560 


AGGREGATE. 


2,517 

24.520 

I47.I7S 

343.331 

6S5.S66 

988,416 

*I, 350.428 

*I, 680,637 


*The  above  aggregate  for  iS6o  includes  290  enumerated  as  Indians,  and  the  aggregate  for 
1870  includes  240  enumerated  as  Indians. 

Illinois. 


Illinois  was  the  third  State  admitted  to  the  Union  from  the  Northwestern  Territorj^. 
It  was  set  off  from  Indiana  Territory  as  a  separate  and  distinct  territorial  dependency, 
under  act  of  Congress  approved  February  3,  1809,  and  admitted  as  a  sovereign  and  inde- 
pendent State  under  act  of  Congress  approved  December  3,  1818. 


58  THE  NORTHATEST  TERRITORY. 

PHYSICAL   FEATURES. 

The  extreme  length  of  Illinois  from  north  to  south  is  about  380  miles,  and  its 
greatest  width  about  200  miles.  It  embraces  an  area  of  55,409  square  miles,  or  35,459,- 
200  acres.  The  surface  of  the  State  is  generally  level,  with  a  general  inclination  from 
north  to  south,  as  indicated  liy  the  course  of  its  rivers.  There  are  some  elevated  bluffs 
along  the  Mississippi  and  Illinois  rivers,  and  a  small  tract  of  hilly  country  in  the  south- 
ern part  of  the  State.  The  northwest  part  also  contains  a  considerable  amount  of  broken 
land.  Some  of  the  prairies  are  large,  Ijut  in  the  early  settlement  of  the  State  there  were 
many  small  prairies,  skirted  with  fine  groves  of  timber.  The  prairies  are  generally 
undulating,  and  in  their  native  state  were  clothed  in  a  great  variety  of  beautiful  wild 
flowers.  The  State  is  well  supplied  with  minerals  of  great  economic  value.  The  region 
of  Galena,  in  the  nortlnvest  part,  has  for  nianj'  years  yielded  vast  quantities  of  lead. 
The  coal  fields  cover  an  area  of  44,000  square  miles.  Tiiere  are  salt  springs  in  Gallatin, 
Jackson  and  Vermillion  counties;  and  medicinal  springs,  chiefly  sulphur  and  chalybeate, 
have  been  found  in  several  places.  Excellent  building  stone  for  heavy  masonry,  are 
quarried  at  Joliet,  Lemont,  Quincy,  and  other  places. 

Illinois  possesses  prel'niinent  facilities  for  water  transportation,  the  Mississippi  river 
forming  the  entire  western  boundary,  and  the  Oi>io  tiie  entire  soutliern,  wliile  Lake 
Michigan  bounds  it  on  tiie  northeast  GO  miles.  The  Illinois  river  is  navigal)le  for  steam- 
boats 28G  miles.  Rock  river,  though  having  obstructions  near  its  mouth,  has  in  times  of 
high  water  been  navigated  for  a  considerable  distance.  Kaskaskia,  Sangamon  and  Spoon 
rivers  have  also  been  navigated  by  steamboat,  but  the  construction  of  railroads  has  in  a 
great  measure  superseded  the  necessity  of  this  means  of  transportation.  Among  the  riv- 
ers are  tlie  upper  portion  of  tlie  Wabash,  which  receives  from  this  State  the  waters  of  the 
Vermillion,  Embarras  and  Little  Wabash.  Tlie  principal  tributaries,  or  sources,  of  the 
Illinois  river  are  Kaskaskia,  Des  Plaines  and  Fox  rivers.  Lake  Peoria  is  an  expansion  of 
the  Illinois  river,  near  the  middle  of  the  State.  Lake  Pishtoka,  in  the  northeast  part,  is 
a  lake  of  some  importance. 

Illinois,  extending  through  five  degrees  of  latitude,  presents  considerable  variety  of 
climate.  Peaclies  and  some  other  fruits,  which  do  not  succeed  so  well  in  the  northern 
part,  rarely  fail  to  yield  abundantly  in  the  soutliern  part.  The  State  has  immense  agri- 
cultural capabilities,  unsurpassed,  indeed,  by  any  other  State  in  the  Union,  unless  it  may 
be  the  younger  State  of  Iowa.  Among  its  agricultural  staples  are  Indian  corn,  wheat, 
oats,  rye,  potatoes,  butter  and  cheese.  Stock  raising  on  the  prairies  of  Illinois,  has.  for 
many  years,  been  carried  on  extensively.  All  the  fruits  and  vegetables  cuinnion  to  tiie 
latitudes  in  whicli  it  is  situated  are  successfully  and  abundantly  produced. 

Timl)er  is  plentiful,  but  not  very  equally  diffused.  The  bottom  lands  are  supplied 
with  fine  growths  of  black  and  white  walnut,  ash,  hackberry,  elm,  sugar  maple,  honey 
locust,  sycamore,  cottonwood,  hickory,  and  several  species  of  oak.  Some  of  these  also 
grow  on  the  uplands,  and  in  addition  white  oak,  and  other  valuable  kinds  of  timber. 
Wiiite  and  yellow  poplar  flourish  in  the  southern  part,  and  cypress  on  the  Ohio  bottom 
lands. 

As  we  have  seen,  Illinois  did  not  become  a  member  of  the  Federal  Union  until  1818, 
yet  settlements  were  made  within  its  limits  about  tlie  same  time  that  William  I'enn  colo- 
nized Penn.sylvania,  in  the  latter  part  of  the  seventeenth  century.  These  settlements, 
like  other  French  colonies,  failed  to  increase  very  rapidly,  and  it  was  not  until  after  the 
close  of  the  Revolution,  tiiat  extensive  colonization  commenced. 

Springfield,  tlie  capital  of  Illinois,  was  laid  out  in  1822.  It  is  situated  three  miles 
south  of  tiie  Sangamon  river,  in  Sangamon  county,  and  is  surrounded  b}-  rich  and  exten- 
sive prairies,  which  have  been  transformed  into  splendid  farms.  Large  quantities  of 
bituminous  coal  are  mined  in  this  vicinity.     This  city  will  ever  be  memorable  as  the  home 


THE   NORTHWEST  TERRITORY. 


59 


of  Abraham  Lincoln,  and  as  the  place  where  his  remains  are  entombed.  In  1840  it  had 
a  population  of  2,579 ;  in  1850  it  liad  4,533 ;  in  1860  it  had  7,002  ;  and  in  1870  it  had 
17,364.  Since  the  last  date  the  population  has  increased  rapidly.  A  new  and  magnifi- 
cent State  capitol  has  been  erected,  and  Springfield  ma}*  now  be  regarded  as  one  of  the 
flourishing  cities  of  Illinois.  ♦ 

Chicago,  on  the  site  of  old  Fort  Dearborn,  is  now  the  largest  interior  city  of  the 
United  States.  It  stands  on  tlie  shore  of  Lake  Michigan,  with  the  Chicago  river  flowing 
tlirough  it.  As  the  great  commercial  emporium  of  the  Northwest,  a  special  account  of 
this  city  will  be  given  elsewhere.  Among  other  large  and  thriving  cities  are  Peoria, 
Quincy,  Galena,  Belleville,  Alton,  Rockford,  Bloomington,  Ottawa,  Aurora,  Lincoln, 
Rock  Island,  Galesburg,  Joliet  and  Jacksonville. 

The  internal  improvements  of  Illinois  are  on  a  grand  scale.  The  railroads  traverse 
almost  every  county,  connecting  her  towns  and  cities  with  her  great  commercial  city  on 
the  lake,  and  with  the  markets  of  the  East.  Besides  these,  she  has  her  great  canal,  from 
Chicago  to  Peru,  uniting  the  waters  of  Lake  Michigan  with  the  Mississippi  river.  This 
canal  is  100  miles  long. 

A  few  striking  features  of  the  natural  scenery  of  this  State  may  be  mentioned. 
Along  the  Mississippi  are  bold  and  picturesque  bluffs,  rising  from  one  to  three  hundred 
feet.  "  Starved  Rock  "  and  "  Lover's  Leap  "  are  eminences  on  Illinois  river,  the  former 
being  a  perpendicular  mass  of  limestone,  eight  miles  below  Ottawa,  and  rising  150  feet 
above  the  river.  It  is  so  called  from  an  incident  in  Indian  warfare.  A  band  of  Illinois 
Indians  took  refuge  on  this  eminence  from  the  Pottawatomies,  but  being  surrounded  by 
the  latter,  they  all  died,  it  is  said  not  of  starvation,  but  of  thirst.  Nearly  opposite 
"  Lover's  Leap  "  is  "  Buffalo  Rock,"  100  feet  high.  Here  the  Indians  formerly  drove  the 
Buffalo,  and  with  shouts  caused  them  to  crowd  each  other  over  the  precipice.  On  the 
banks  of  the  Ohio,  in  Hardin  count}-,  is  "  Cave  in  the  Rock,"  the  entrance  to  which  is 
but  little  above  the  water.  The  cave  ascends  gradually  from  the  entrance  to  the  extreme 
limit,  back  180  feet.  In  1797  it  was  the  rendezvous  of  a  band  of  robbers,  who  sallied 
forth  to  rob  boatmen  and  emigrants.     Other  outlaws  have  since  made  it  their  abode. 

The  following  table  shows  the  population  of  Illinois  at  the  close  of  each  decade, 
from  1800  to  ls70. 


i8oo- 
i8io. 
1820- 
1830. 
1840. 
1850. 
l86o_ 
1870- 


2,275 

II. 501 

53.78S 

155.061 

472.254 

846.034 

1,704.291 

2.511,096 


183 
781 

1,374 
2.384 

3,929 

5,436 

7,628 

28,762 


AGGREGATE. 


2,458 
12.2S2 
55,162 

157,445 

476,183 

851,470 

*I, 711,951 

*2,53g,89i 


*  The  above  aggregate  for  i860  includes  32  enumerated  Indian^;,  and   the   same  number 
enumerated  as  Indians  in  1870. 

MiCHIGAlif. 

Michigan  was  formed  out  of  a  part  of  the  territory  ceded  to  the  United  States  by 
the  State  of  Virginia.  It  was  detached  from  Indiana  Territory,  and  became  a  separate 
Territorial  government  under  an  act  of  Congress  approved  January  11,  1805.  It  re- 
mained for  more  than  thirty  years  under  a  territorial  form  of  government,  but  embraced 
a  vast  region  not  now  included  in  the  State.  During  this  time  tliere  was  considerable 
legislation  in  regard  to  its  boundaries,  the  most  important  of  which  was  the  adjustment 
of  the  boundary  line  between  Michigan  and  the  State  of  Ohio,  in  1836.     In  January, 


60  THE  NORTHWEST  TERRITORY. 

1833,  a  memorial  of  the  Legislative  Council  of  the  Territory  was  presented  to  Congress, 
prayinp:  f<jr  admission  into  the  Union  as  a  State.  The  prayer  of  the  memorial  was  not 
granted  at  that  time,  partly  on  account  of  the  disputed  boundary  question.  Finally,  on 
the  1.5th  of  .Tune,  183G,  an  act  was  passed  "  to  establish  the  nnrtliern  Ijoundarv  of  the 
Stat©  of  Oliio,  and  to  provide  for  the  admission  of  the  State  of  Michigan  into  the  Union, 
upon  conditions  therein  expressed."  One  of  the  conditions  was,  that  if  a  convention  of 
delegates  elected  by  the  people  of  .Michigan  for  the  purpose  of  giving  their  assent  to  the 
boundaries,  as  declared  and  establislied  by  the  act  of  June  l"»th,  1836,  should  first  give 
their  assent,  then  Michigan  was  to  be  declared  one  of  the  States  of  the  Union.  This 
condition  having  been  complied  with.  Congress,  on  the  26th  of  January,  1837.  passed  an 
act  declaring  Michigan  one  of  the  United  States,  and  admitting  it  into  the  Union  upon 
an  equal  footing  with  the  original  States. 

Michigan  occupies  two  peninsulas,  the  southern  one  h'ing  between  Lakes  Erie,  St. 
Clair  and  Huron  on  the  east,  and  Lake  Michigan  on  the  west ;  and  the  northern  one  be- 
tween Lakes  Michigan  and  Huron  on  the  south,  and  Lake  Superior  on  the  north.  The 
northern  peninsula  is  about  320  miles  in  extreme  length,  from  southeast  to  northwest, 
and  130  miles  in  its  greatest  width.  The  southern  peninsula  is  about  283  miles  from 
north  to  s'>uth,  and  210  miles  from  east  to  west  in  its  greatest  width.  Tiie  joint  area  of 
the  two  peninsulas  is  .50.243  square  miles,  or  35,595,520  acres.  The  northern  peninsula 
embraces  about  two-fifths  of  the  total  area. 

The  southern  peninsula  is  generally  an  undulating  plain,  with  a  few  slight  elevations. 
The  shores  of  Lake  Huron  are  often  characterized  by  steep  bluffs,  while  those  of  Lake 
Michigan  are  coasted  by  shifting  sand-hills,  rising  from  one  liundred  to  two  hundred  feet 
in  height.  In  the  soutiiern  part  of  this  peninsula  are  large  districts  covered  with  thinly 
scattered  trees,  called  "oak  openings."' 

Tiie  northern  peninsula  is  in  striking  contrast  with  the  southern,  both  as  to  soil  and 
surface.  It  is  rugged,  with  streams  abounding  in  water-falls.  The  Wisconsin,  or  Porcu- 
pine Mountains,  form  the  water-shed  l)etween  Lakes  Michigan  and  Superior,  and  attain 
an  elevation  of  2,000  feet  in  the  northwestern  portion  of  the  peninsula.  The  shores  of 
Lake  Supeiior  are  composed  of  sandstone  rock,  which  in  places  is  wfprn  by  the  winds  and 
waves  into  many  strange  and  fanciful  shapes,  resembling  the  ruins  of  castles,  and  form- 
ing the  celebrated  "  Pictured  Rocks."  The  northern  peninsula  of  Michigan  possesses 
probably  the  richest  copper  mines  in  the  world,  occupying  a  belt  one  hundred  and  twenty 
miles  in  length  by  from  two  to  six  miles  in  width.  It  is  rich  in  minerals,  but  rigorous  in 
climate  and  sterile  in  soil.     Coal  is  plentiful  at  Corunna,  one  hundred  miles  from  Detroit. 

The  State  is  so  surrounded  and  intersected  by  lakes  as  to  fairly  entitle  it  to  the  sou- 
briquet of  "The  Lake  State,"  There  are  a  number  of  small  lakes  in  the  interior  of  the 
State,  which  add  to  the  general  variety  of  scenery,  but  are  not  important  to  navigation. 
The  Straits  of  Mackinaw(formerly  written  Michilimackinac)  divide  the  southern  from 
the  northern  peninsula,  and  connect  the  watei-s  of  Lakes  Michigan  and  Huron  by  a  navi- 
gable channel.  There  are  a  numlier  of  small  rivers,  the  most  important  in  the  southern 
peninsula  being  St.  Joseph's,  Kalamazoo,  Grainl,  Muskegon  and  Manistee,  all  eni[>tying 
into  Lake  .Michigan  ;  and  An  .^able  and  Saginaw,  fiowing  into  Lake  Huron,  and  the 
Huron  and  Raisin  discharging  their  waters  into  Lake  Erie.  The  principal  rivers  of  the 
northern  peninsula  are  the  Menomonee,  Montreal  and  (Ontonagon.  The  shores  around 
the  lakes  are  indented  by  numerous  bays.  Several  small  islands  belong  to  Michigan,  the 
most  imortant  of  which  is  Fsle  Royale,  noted  for  its  copper  mines. 

The  climate  of  Michigan  is  generally  rigorous,  except  in  proximity  to  the  lakes, 
where  the  fruits  of  the  temperate  zone  succeed  admirably.  The  northern  peninsula  is 
favorable  for  Winter  wheat,  but  Indian  corn  does  not  succeed  well.  In  the  southern 
peninsula,  Indian  corn  is  produced  al>undantly,  as  well  aa  the  Winter  grains.  This  part 
of  the  State  is  pre-eminently  agricultural. 


THE  NORTHWEST  TERRITORY.  61 

Portions  of  the  northern  peninsula  are  heavily  timbered  with  white  pine,  spruce, 
hemlock,  birch,  aspen,  maple,  ash  and  elm,  and  vast  quantities  of  lumber  are  manufac- 
tured at  the  fine  mill-sites  afforded  by  the  rapid  streams.  Timber  is  plentiful  also  in  the 
southern  peninsula,  and  consists  chiefly  of  several  species  of  oak,  hickory,  ash,  basswood, 
maple,  elm,  linden,  locust,  dogwood,  poplar,  beech,  sycamore,  cottonwood,  black  and 
white  walnut,  cherry,  pine,  tamarack,  cypress,  cedar  and  chestnut. 

Northern  Michigan  abounds  in  picturesque  scenery,  among  which  may  be  mentioned 
the  "Pictured  Rocks,"  composed  of  sandstone  of  various  colors.  The}^  extend  for  about 
twelve  miles,  and  rise  300  feet  above  the  water.  Sometimes  cascades  shoot  over  the 
precipice,  so  that  vessels  can  sail  between  them  and  the  natural  wall  of  the  rock.  This 
portion-of  the  State  every  season  attracts  large  numbers  of  excursionists  and  pleasure- 
seekers,  on  account  of  its  charming  and  interesting  scenery. 

The  State  is  named  for  the  lake  which  forms  a  part  of  its  boundary,  and  signifies  in 
the  Indian  language,  "  Great  Water."  The  first  Avhite  settlements  were  bj-  the  French, 
near  Detroit  and  at  Mackinaw,  in  the  latter  half  of  the  seventeenth  century  ;  but  these 
colonies  did  not  progress  rapidly.  This  territory,  with  other  French  possessions  in 
North  America,  came  into  possession  of  Great  Britain  at  the  peace  of  17153.  It  remained 
under  the  dominion  of  Great  Britain  until  the  American  Revolution,  when  it  became  the 
possession  of  the  United  States.  The  British,  however,  did  not  surrender  Detroit  until 
1796.  This  region  was  chiefly  the  scene  of  the  exploits  of  the  celebrated  chief  Pontiac, 
after  the  expulsion  of  the  French.  During  the  war  of  1812,  Michigan  became  the 
theater  of  several  of  the  battles  and  many  of  the  incidents  connected  with  that  war. 
At  Frenchtown,  in  this  State,  January  22,  1813,  occurred  a  cruel  massacre  by  the  sav- 
ages of  a  party  of  American  prisoners  of  war.  Gen.  Harrison  soon  after  drove  the 
enemy  out  of  the  Territory,  and  removed  the  seat  of  war  into  Canada,  where  he  fought 
and  gained  the  battle  of  the  Thames. 

Lansing,  the  capital  of  Michigan,  is  situated  on  Grand  river,  in  Ingham  countj%  one 
hundred  and  ten  miles  northwest  of  Detroit.  It  was  selected  for  the  seat  of  govern- 
ment in  1847,  at  which  time  it  was  surrounded  bj'  an  almost  unbroken  wilderness.  The 
river  here  affords  excellent  water  power.  A  new  and  handsome  State  capitol  has  just 
been  completed. 

Detroit,  situated  on  the  river  from  which  it  takes  its  name,  eighteen  miles  from  the 
head  of  Lake  Erie,  is  the  largest  citj-  in  the  State.  It  was  the  capital  until  the  removal 
of  the  seat  of  government  to  Lansing,  in  18.50.  Historically  it  is  one  of  the  most  inter- 
esting cities  in  the  West.  The  French  had  here  a  military  post  as  early  as  1670.  Three 
Indian  tribes,  the  Hurons,  Pottawattamies  and  Ottawas,  had  their  villages  in  the  vicinity. 
With  other  French  possessions,  it  passed  into  the  hands  of  the  British  at  the  peace  of 
1763,  and  twenty  years  later  it  came  under  the  jurisdiction  of  the  United  States,  although, 
as  stated  above,  it  was  not  surrendered  until  1796.  June  11th,  1^05,  it  was  almost  to- 
tally destroyed  b}'  fire.  Gen.  Wm.  Hull,  first  governor  of  the  Territory  of  Michigan, 
then  projected  the  city  on  a  new  plan.  On  the  18th  of  August,  1812,  this  same  Gen. 
Hull  suri'cndered  it  into  the  hands  of  the  British,  but  the  latter  evacuated  it  September 
29th  of  the  same  year.  In  1870  the  population  was  79,577,  and  since  then  has  rapidly 
increased. 

Among  the  otlier  important  towns  and  cities  in  the  State,  are  Grand  Rapids,  Adrian, 
Kalamazoo,  Ann  Arbor,  Jackson  and  jMonroe. 

The  following  table  shows  the  population  of  Michigan  at  the  close  of  each  decade, 
from  1800  to  1870  : 


62 


THE   NORTHWEST  TERRITORY. 


YEAR. 


iSoo... 
iSio... 
1820... 
1830... 
1840... 
1850... 
i860... 
1870... 


WHITE. 

COLORED. 

AGGREGATE. 

1                   55« 

55' 

4.618 

144 

4.762 

8.591 

"74 

8.765 

1              31.346 

293 

31.639 

211,560. 

707 

212,276 

395.07" 

2.583 

397.654 

736,142 

6,799 

•749.  "3 

1,167,28a 

11.849 

•1,184.059 

*  The  above  aggregate  for  1S60  includes  6.172  enumerated  as  Indians,  and  the  aggregate 
for  1870  includes  4,926  enumerated  as  Indians. 

Wisconsin. 

Wisconsin  wiis  formed  out  of  a  portion  of  the  Territory-  of  Micliisjan,  but  was 
originally  a  part  of  the  Northwestern  Territor}-  ceded  by  the  State  of  Virginia  to  the 
United  States.  On  the  12th  of  December,  1832,  a  resolution  passed  the  house  of  rep- 
resentatives directing  a  committee  to  inquire  into  the  expediency  of  creating  a  Terri- 
torial government  for  Wisconsin  out  of  a  part  of  Michigan.  On  the  20th  of  April,  1836. 
an  act  was  passed  and  approved  estal)lishing  a  Territorial  government.  On  the  20tli  of 
June,  1838,  an  act  was  passed  and  approved  to  divide  tlie  Territory  of  Wisconsin,  and  to 
establish  the  Territorial  government  of  Iowa.  June  12,  1838,  an  act  was  passed  desig- 
nating the  boundary  line  between  the  State  of  Michigan  and  the  Territory  of  Wisconsin. 
On  the  Gth  of  August,  1840,  an  act  was  passed  and  approved  to  enable  the  people  to 
form  a  constitution  and  State  government.  On  the  21st  of  .lantuxry,  1847,  the  people 
adopted  a  constitution,  and  on  the  3d  of  March  of  the  same  year  an  act  of  Congress  was 
passed  and  approved  for  the  admission  of  the  State  into  the  Union.  By  act  of  May  '29. 
1848,  the  State  was  declared  admitted  into  the  Union,  to  be  entitled  to  three  represen- 
tatives in  Congress  after  March  3,  1849. 

The  extreme  lengtii  of  Wisconsin  from  north  to  south  is  about  28,5  miles,  and  its 
greatest  breadth  from  east  to  west  is  aliout  2,").")  miles.  It  includes  an  area  of  about  .')3,- 
924  square  miles,  or  :'.4,"ill.3(;0  acres.  It  is  generally  of  an  cleviitcd  rolling  surface,  with 
a  large  proportion  of  jjiairie.  There  are  no  mountains,  pioi)erly  so  called,  though  the 
descent  toward  Lake  Superior  is  quite  abrupt,  and  the  rivers  full  of  rapids  and  falls, 
which  afford  valuable  mill-sites.  The  great  lakes,  Superior  and  Michii,'an.  lave  the 
northern  and  eastern  borders,  besides  which  there  are  a  nnmlier  of  smaller  lakes,  the 
most  imjiortant  of  which  is  Lake  Winnebago,  soutiieast  of  tiie  middle  of  the  State.  It 
is  28  miles  long  and  10  miles  wide,  and  communicates  with  (ireen  Hay  through  the  Fox 
or  Neenah  river.  In  the  n^rth\v(•^  ti-rn  part  are  nnmerous  small  lakes,  with  clear  water, 
gravelly  or  rocky  bottoms,  and  liold  picturesque  shores.  The  rivers  generally  How  in  a 
southwest  direction  and  discharge  their  waters  into  the  Mississippi,  which  flows  along 
the  .southwest  ixirder  of  the  State  more  than  200  miles.  The  most  important  interior 
river  is  the  Wisconsin,  which  has  a  course  of  about  2()(l  miles  almost  directly  south,  wlien 
it  changes  its  ('ourse  west  warilly,  and  tlows  about  100  miles  further  to  its  junction  with 
the  Mi8sissip|)i.  At  favoral)le  stages  it  is  navigable  for  steaml)oats  180  miles.  Tiie  Had 
Axe,  Black,  Chippewa,  and  St.  Croix  rivers  are  imjiortant  streams  for  floating  timber  and 
lumber  from  the  |(ine  region  in  the  northwest  part  of  the  State.  The  streams  flowing 
int(»  Lake  Superior  are  small,  iuit  rapid,  afl'ording  excellent  mill-sites. 

The  climate  is  severe  and  the  Winters  long,  but  the  State  is  free  from  the  unhealthy 
changes  which  are  common  farther  south.  The  south  and  middle  portions  form  a  line 
agricultural  region.  Wheat  is  the  great  staple  production,  though  all  kinds  of  small 
grain  and   Indian  corn  are  raised  successfully.     Large  j)ortioiis  of  the  State  are   well 


THE   NORTHWEST  TERRITORY.  63 

adapted  to  grazing  and  the  dairy.  The  northern  part  of  the  State,  about  the  head-waters 
of  the  Bhick  and  Chippewa  rivers,  and  the  sources  of  the  rivers  emptying  into  Lake 
Superior,  has  but  limited  agricultural  capabilities,  as  in  that  region  are  many  ponds  and 
marshes,  and  also  large  quantities  of  boulders  scattered  over  the  surface. 

There  are  many  objects  of  interest  to  the  tourist  and  the  lover  of  the  picturesque. 
The  rivers  abound  in  rapids  and  falls.  In  St.  Louis  river  there  is  a  series  of  cascades 
which  have  a  descent  of  820  feet  in  16  miles.  The  Menomonee  river  at  Quinnesec  Falls 
dashes  down  over  a  perpendicular  ledge  of  rocks  40  feet,  and  has  a  fall  of  134  feet  in  a 
mile  and  a  half.  Among  other  noted  falls  are  the  St.  Croix,  Chippewa  and  Big  Bull 
Falls  in  the  Wisconsin  river.  Along  the  rivers  are  many  grand  views  of  bluffs,  rising 
from  150  to  HOO  feet,  and  at  one  place  in  Richland  county  on  the  Wisconsin,  where  it 
passes  through  a  narrow  gorge,  the  cliffs  have  an  elevation  of  from  400  to  500  feet.  On 
the  Mississippi,  in  La  Crosse  county,  the  rocks  rise  500  feet  perpendicularly  above  the  water. 

The  great  lead  region  extends  into  the  southwestern  part  of  Wisconsin.  The  deposit 
here  is  intermingled  to  some  extent  with  copper  and  zinc,  together  with  some  silver. 
Copper  is  found  in  a  number  of  places,  and  also  some  iron  ore.  The  iron  ores  of  the 
Lake  Superior  region  extend  into  Wisconsin.  Beautiful  varieties  of  marble  are  found  on 
the  Menomonee  river  and  in  other  localities. 

On  the  upper  Wisconsin  river,  and  other  tributaries  of  the  Mississijipi,  north  of  the 
Wisconsin,  are  vast  forests  of  pine,  and  immense  quantities  are  annually  floated  down 
the  Mississippi  to  supply  the  markets  in  other  States.  Among  other  forest  trees  are 
spruce,  tamarack,  cedar,  hemlock,  oak  of  several  varieties,  birch,  aspen,  basswood,  hick- 
ory, elm,  ash.  poplar,  svcamore  and  sugar-maple. 

Wisconsin  was  visited  at  an  early  period  by  French  missionaries,  and  a  settlement 
was  made  in  the  latter  part  of  the  seventeenth  century. 

Madison,  the  capital  of  the  State,  is  situated  on  an  istlimus  between  Lakes  Mendota 
and  Monona,  80  miles  west  of  Milwaukee,  and  132  miles  northwest  of  Chicago.  When 
the  place  was  selected  for  the  seat  of  government  in  1836,  there  were  no  buildings  ex- 
cept a  solitary  log  cabin.  The  State  capitol  is  a  fine  looking  stone  building  erected  at  a 
cost  of  8500,000,  and  stands  on  an  elevation  seventy  feet  above  the  lakes.  The  city 
overlooks  a  charming -country,  diversified  by  a  pleasing  variety  of  scenery.  It  has  stead- 
ily and  rapidl}'  increased  in  population.     • 

The  great  city  of  Wisconsin  is  Milwaukee  (called  at  an  early  day  "Milwacky") 
and  next  to  Chicago,  may  be  regarded  as  the  commercial  metropolis  of  the  Northwest. 
It  is  situated  on  the  west  shore  of  Lake  Michigan,  about  90  miles  north  of  Chicago. 
Milwaukee  river  empties  into  the  lake  at  this  point.  The  citj^  is  situated  on  both  sides 
of  the  river,  and  has  one  of  the  best  harbors  on  the  whole  chain  of  lakes.  The  fine 
water  power  of  the  Milwaukee  river  is  an  important  element  in  its  prosperity.  Being  a 
port  of  entry,  the  goverinnent  has  expended  large  sums  in  the  improvements  of  its  har- 
bor, and  in  the  erection  of  pulilic  Ijuildings. 

In  1805  Jacques  Vieau,  a  half-breed  trader  whose  house  was  at  Green  Bay,  visited 
the  country  at  the  mouth  of  tlie  Milwaukee  river  for  the  purpose  of  trading  with  the 
Indians.  This  he  did  annually  until  in  September,  1818,  when  he  brought  with  him  a 
young  man  named  Solomon  Juneau,  who  became  his  son-in-law.  The  3-oung  man  estab- 
lished friendly  relations  with  the  Indians,  and  in  1822  erected  a  block-house  on  the  site 
of  the  present  city  of  Milwaukee.  He  remained  for  eight  years  the  only  permanent 
white  resident,  being  visited  occasionally  by  fur  traders  to  whom  he  sold  goods.  In  1836, 
the  village  which  has  grown  to  be  a  large  city,  began  to  appear.  Juneau  died  in  1856, 
at  the  age  of  64  years,  having  lived  to  see  the  place  he  founded  grow  to  a  prosperous  and 
flourishing  city.  In  1836  the  j)opulation  was  275;  in  1840,  it  was  1,810  ;  in  1850,  it  was 
19,873  ;  in  1860,  it  was  45,286  ;  in  1870,  it  was  71,640  ;  and  at  the  present  time  (1880) 
t  is  estimated  at  123,000. 


64 


THE   NORTHWEST  TERRITORY. 


Amonpr  other  important  towns  and  cities  of  Wisconsin  are  Racine,  Janesville,  Osh- 
kosh,  Fond  du  Lac,  Wateitown,  Sheboygan,  Beloit,  Kenosha,  La  Crosse,  Wauwatosa, 
Ar.,„;fr...,  ■  •.  Portage  City,  Platteville,  Sheboygan  Falls,  Beaver  Dam,  Whitewater,  Port 
•""n  Bay,  Mineral  Point,  Shullsburg,  Monroe,  Prescott,  and  Hudson. 

i\vs    the    population  of  Wisconsin  at  the  close  of   each 
deciidu  - 


YEAR. 

...... 

635 
1.171 

3. 113 

AGGKEGATE. 

1800 

"5 

30.749 

304.756 

773.693 

1,051.351 

I8IO 

' 

1820 

1830 

1840 

30.945 

1850 

305.391 

i860 

»775.88i 

1870 

*  1.054.670 

*  The  above  aggregate  for  1S60  includes  1,017  enumerated  as  Indians,  and  the  aggregate 
for  1870  includes  1.206  enumerated  as  Indians. 

Minnesota. 

The  eastern  portion  of  Minnesota  formed  a  part  of  the  territory  surrendered  by  the 
French  to  Great  Britain  at  the  peace  of  17G3,  and  subsequently  by  the  latter  to  the 
United  States  at  the  close  of  the  Revolution.  The  western  portion  is  a  part  of  the 
territory  known  as  the  Louisiana  Purchase,  ceded  by  France  to  the  United  States  in 
1803.  It  received  a  Territorial  form  of  government  under  an  act  of  Congress  which 
became  a  law  March  .3,  1849,  and  was  admitted  into  the  Union  as  a  State  May  11,  1853. 

The  extreme  length  of  Minnesota,  north  and  south,  is  about  380  miles,  and  in  width 
is  about  300  miles.  It  embraces'  an  area  of  81,259  square  miles,  or  .')2.00.'),760  acres. 
The  face  of  the  country  generally  presents  the  appearance  of  an  undulating  plain, 
although  it  is  the  most  elevated  tract  of  country  between  the  Gulf  of  Mexico  and  Hud- 
son's Bay.  There  are  no  mountains,  but  the  summits  of  the  water-sheds  rise  to  a  height 
of  nearly  two  tliousand  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea. 

Minnesota  is  one  of  the  best  watered  States  in  the  I'nion.  being  drained  by  many 
rivers  and  dotted  over  with  innumerable  small  lakes  and  some  of  considerable  size.  The 
great  Mississippi  has  its  liumi)le  origin  as  a  mere  rivulet  in  Lake  Itiu;ca.  Tliis  diminutive 
stream,  here  but  a  few  feet  in  width,  first  meanders  in  a  northeasterly  direction,  receiv- 
ing tribute  as  it  passes  from  a  number  of  other  small  lakes,  when  it  changes  its  course  to 
the  south,  and  after  meandering  a  length  of  six  hundred  miles  in  Minnesota,  dashes  its 
waters  over  the  falls  of  St.  Anthony,  tlien  flows  along  the  b(udor  of  tiie  State  two  hundred 
miles  further,  and  thence  grandly  piu'sues  its  course  to  the  Gulf  of  Mexico.  Several  tribu- 
taries of  the  Mississippi  drain  tiie  southeastern  portion  of  the  .Stale.  Tiie  Red  liiver  of 
the  North  drains  the  northern  part,  passing  off  into  Hudson's  liay.  It  is  the  outlet  of  a 
number  of  lakes,  among  which  are  Traverse,  Otter  Tail,  and  Red.  This  river  also  forms 
the  west  boundary  of  the  State  for  ai)out  two  hundred  miles.  That  portion  of  the  State 
sloping  toward  Lake  Superior  is  drained  by  the  St.  Louis  and  its  triliutaries.  St.  Peters, 
or  Minnesota  river,  has  a  total  lengtli  of  over  four  hundred  miles  wiiliin  the  State.  Its 
principal  branch  is  Blue  Earth  or  ^Llnkato  river,  which  flows  nearly  north.  The  St. 
Peters,  Crow  Wing  and  Crow  rivers  are  tributaries  of  the  Missi.ssijipi  from  the  west. 

Lake  Superior  forms  a  part  of  the  eastern  bomulary,  and  the  Lake  of  the  Woods  a 

Eart  of  the   northern.     Among  other  lakes  of  considerable  size   are   Rainy.   Ueil   I^ake, 
akc  Cass,  and  Leech  Lake.     Devil  Lake  in  the  northwest  part  is  about  forty  miles  long 


THE  NORTHWEST  TERRITORY.  65 

and  fifteen  miles  wide,  and  is  said  to  have  no  visible  outlet.  Lake  Pepin  is  an  expansion 
of  the  Mississippi  in  the  northeastern  part  of  the  State,  and  is  a  beautiful  sheet  of  water. 
The  State  abounds  in  small  lakes  which  are  mostly  clear  and  beautiful.  Owing  to  the 
multitude  of  lakes  Minnesota  seldom  suffers  from  inundations,  as  they  tend  to  check  the 
sudden  rise  and  violence  of  the  streams. 

The  climate  of  the  northern  part  of  Minnesota  is  severe,  but  in  the  southern  part  is 
not  so  rigorous  as  to  prevent  fair  crops  of  Indian  corn  from  being  produced  some  seasons. 
Wheat  and  other  Winter  grains  succeed  admirably  in  nearl}^  all  parts.  In  the  valleys  of 
the  rivers  the  soil  is  excellent,  and  even  the  valley  of  the  Red  River  of  the  North  is 
regarded  as  a  fine  agricultural  region.  Wheat  is  the  great  staple  and  the  facilities  for 
manufacturing  flour  are  unsurpassed,  as  the  water-power  is  practically  unlimited. 

A  portion  of  the  State  is  heavily  timbered  with  pine,  and  one  of  the  great  industries 
is  the  manufacture  of  lumber.  Extensive  forests  of  pine  grow  on  the  Rum,  St.  Croix, 
and  Pine  rivers,  and  on  the  shores  of  the  Mississippi,  below  Pokegamin  Falls.  Taken, 
as  a  whole,  however,  Minnesota  can  not  be  called  a  well-wooded  country.  The  river  bot- 
toms furnish  some  very  good  growths  of  oak,  aspen,  soft  maple,  basswood,  ash,  birch, 
white  walnut,  linden,  and  elm.  In  the  swamps  or  marshy  places  are  found  tamarack, 
cedar,  and  cypress. 

Minnesota  presents  to  the  tourist  many  natural  objects  of  interest,  especiallj'  in  her 
grand  and  beautiful  scenery  along  the  Mississippi  and  around  her  lakes.  St.  Anthony's 
Falls  are  celebrated,  not  so  much  for  their  magnitude  as  a  cataract,  as  for  their  geological 
interest  and  the  wild  scenery  connected  with  them.  Like  Niagara,  the  falls  are  divided 
by  an  island,  with  the  larger  volume  of  water  passing  on  the  west  side.  This  west 
division  is  310  yards  wide.  The  greatest  perpendicular  fall  of  water  is  but  IG^  feet,  but 
including  the  rapids  the  descent  is  58  feet  in  260  rods.  The  rivers  of  Minnesota  have 
numerous  picturesque  falls  and  rapids,  and  are  in  many  places  bordered  with  perpendicu- 
lar bluffs  of  limestone  and  sandstone. 

So  far  as  revealed  by  geological  examination,  Minnesota  possesses  no  great  mineral 
or  metallic  wealth.  There  is,  however,  a  rich  deposit  of  iron  ore  in  that  jiart  of  the  State 
bordering  on  Lake  Superior.  A  thin  vein  of  lead  was  discovered  by  the  geological  corps 
of  Prof.  Owen  on  Waraju  river,  and  some  copper  was  found,  but  not  "  in  place,"  having 
probably  been  carried  thither  by  the  drift.  Stone  suitable  for  Iniilding  purposes  exists 
in  great  abundance.  In  the  southwest  part  of  the  State  is  a  singular  deposit  known  as 
"  red  pipestone."  Of  this  the  Indians  made  their  pipes,  and  the  place  of  its  deposit  was 
held  in  great  sacredness  by  them.  It  is  said  that  different  tribes  at  enmity  with  each 
other,  met  here  on  terms  of  amity  and  smoked  the  pipe  of  peace.  Longfellow  has 
rendered  this  locality  celebrated  in  "Hiawatha."     It  was  here — 

"  On  the  Mountains  of  the  Prairie, 

On  the  great  Red  Pipe-stone  Quarry, 
Gitche  Manito,  the  mighty, 
He  the  Master  of  Life,  descending, 
On  the  red  crags  of  the  quarry, 
Stood  erect,  and  called  the  nations. 
Called  the  tribes  of  men  together." 

The  first  white  men  who  are  said  to  have  visited  the  country  now  embraced  in 
Minnesota,  were  two  fur  traders  in  the  year  1654.  They  returned  to  Montreal  two 
years  afterward  and  gave  a  glowing  account  of  the  country.  This  was  followed  by  the 
visits  of  trappers  and  missionaries,  and  to  the  latter  we  are  indebted  for  the  first  printed 
accounts  of  Minnesota.  In  1805  an  exploring  expedition  under  Pike  traversed  the 
country.  A  military  post  was  established  at  Fort  Snelling  in  1819.  Excepting  a  British 
settlement  at  Pembina,  which  was  not  then  known  to  be  within  the  limits  of  the  United 
States,  no  settlements  were  formed  in  Minnesota  until  after  1840. 

St.  Paul,  the  capital  of  Minnesota,  is  in  Ramsey  county,  on  the  bank  of  the  Missis- 


66 


THE   NORTHWEST  TERRITORY. 


1 


sippi,  2070  miles  from  its  mouth,  and  nine  miles  by  land  below  the  Falls  of  St.  Anthony. 
The  first  settlement  was  made  about  the  year  1840.  The  population  has  increased 
rapidly,  and  as  a  manufacturing,  commercial  and  business  place  it  has  assumed  consider- 
able importance.  Minneapolis,  a  few  miles  above  St.  Paul,  is  a  rapidly  growing  city, 
and  is  noted  for  its  great  water  power  and  manufacturing  resources.  Among  other  im- 
portant towns  are  Stillwater,  Red  Wing,  St.  Antiiony,  Fort  Snelling,  and  Mankato. 

The  following  table  shows  the  population  of  Minnesota  at  the  close  of  each  decade 
from  1850  to  1870: 


VEAR. 

WHITE. 

COLORED. 

AGGREGATE. 

1850 

i860 
1870 



6,038 
169,395 

438,257 

39 
259 

759 

6.077 
•172.023 
♦439.706 

♦  The  above  aggregate  for  1S60  includes  2,369  enumerated  as  Indians,  and  the  aggregate 
for  1870  includes  690  enumerated  as  Indians. 

Nebraska. 

Nebraska  is  formed  out  of  a  part  of  the  territory  ceded  to  the  United  States  by 
France  by  the  treaty  of  April  .30,  1804.  It  was  erected  into  a  separate  Territory  May 
30,  1854,  the  limits  subsequently  being  greatly  reduced  by  the  formation  of  Dakota 
Territory  in  1861,  a  right  reserved  in  the  act  creating  the  Territory*  of  Nebraska.  It  was 
admitted  into  the  Union  as  a  State,  March  1,  1867. 

Nebraska  is  in  its  extreme  length  from  east  to  west  about  412  miles,  and  in  breadth 
from  north  to  south  about  208  miles,  embracing  an  area  of  75,905  square  miles,  or 
48,636,800  acres.  The  greater  portion  of  the  State  is  an  elevated  undulating  prairie 
with  a  general  inclination  toward  the  Missouri  river.  There  are  no  mountains  or  very 
high  hills.  The  soil  is  variou.s.  but  generallv  fertile,  except  in  the  western  portion  near 
the  base  of  the  Rocky  Mountains.  Tiie  bottom  lands  along  tlie  rivers  are  not  surpassed 
in  fertility  by  any  in  the  United  States,  while  the  higher  undulating  prairie  is  e(iiuilly 
productive  witii  that  of  other  Western  States.  When  the  prairies  are  once  broken  they 
are  easy  of  cultivation,  the  soil  being  light  and  mellow.  The  staple  productions  are 
wheat,  Indian  corn,  oats,  and  other  cereals  common  to  the  latitude.  The  climate  is 
mild,  as  coini>are(l  witli  that  of  the  same  latitude  on  the  Atlantic.  The  Summers  are 
sometimes  very  warm,  and  the  extreme  western  part  is  occasionally  deficient  in  rain. 
Taken  as  a  whole,  however,  this  is  destined  to  become  one  of  the  foremost  agricultural 
States  in  the   Union. 

Nebraska  is  deficient  in  native  timber,  but  the  older  settled  portions  are  dotted  over 
with  groves  of  artificial  or  cultivated  timber,  which  is  so  rapid  in  its  growth  as  to  require 
but  a  few  years  to  produee  enoiigli  for  the  ordinary  wants  of  the  settler.  The  rivers  and 
streams  are  generally  liordered  with  groves  of  native  trees,  including  oak,  walnut,  hick- 
ory, Cottonwood  and  willow.  Along  the  Missouri  river  in  places  are  some  heavy  growths 
of  Cottonwood. 

The  .Missouri  river  forms  the  entire  eastern  boundary,  and  is  navigable  for  steam- 
boats througlioiit  the  whole  extent  of  that  boundary  and  for  iiundreds  of  miles  above. 
Among  the  imporlaiit  interior  rivers  are  the  Platte,  the  Niobrara,  the  Republiean  Fork 
of  the  Kansas,  the  Klkliorn,  the  Loup  Fork  of  the  Platte,  the  Big  Hliie  and  the  Nemaha. 
Th(!se  rivers  are  so  distributed,  as,  with  their  numeioiis  tributaries,  to  afford  admirable 
drainage  to  all  parts  of  the  State,  aiul  as  a  consequence  it  is  free  from  marshes,  conduc- 
ing to  the  I'Xeellent  liealtli  for  which  Nebraska  is  noted. 

So  far  as  yet  revealed,  the  State  is  not  rich  in  minerals.     Coal,  however,  has  recently 


THE   NORTHWEST  TERRITORY.  67 

been  discovered  in  the  southeastern  part,  in  a  vein  sufficiently  thick  for  mining.  Near 
Lincoln  are  some  salt  springs  of  sufficient  magnitude  to  yield  large  quantities  of  salt. 
On  Platte  river  and  other  streams  both  limestone  and  sandstone  are  obtained  of  suitable 
quality  for  building  material. 

Rapid  progress  has  been  made  in  the  construction  of  railroads  in  Nebraska.  Among 
them  are  the  "Union  Pacific  and  its  branches,  the  Burlington  &  Missouri  River  and  its 
branches,  and  otliers,  affording  railroad  advantages  to  a  large  portion  of  the  State,  and 
connecting  tlie  principal  towns  with  the  main  lines,  east,  west  and  south. 

Lincoln,  the  capital  of  Nebraska,  is  in  Lancaster  county,  in  the  southeastern  part  of 
the  State.  Here  are  most  of  the  State  institutions.  It  is  a  thriving  young  city  and  is  in 
the  midst  of  a  fine  agricultural  portion  of  the  State.  Near  it,  on  a  little  stream  known 
as  Salt  Creek,  are  a  number  of  salt  springs,  and  considerable  quantities  of  salt  have  been 
manufactured.     Railroads  connect  it  with  all  the  great  markets  of  the  countr3\ 

Omaha  is  the  leading  commercial  city  of  the  State,  and  is  located  on  the  west  bank 
of  the  Missouri  river  in  Douglas  county.  It  is  eighteen  miles  by  land  above  the  mouth 
of  the  Platte  river.  The  principal  portion  of  the  city  is  situated  on  gently  rising  slopes 
extending  from  the  river  to  the  bluffs.  The  elevations  are  crowned  with  fine  residences, 
and  command  pleasant  views  of  the  river  and  valley,  with  the  city  of  Council  Bluffs, 
Iowa,  in  the  distance.  Since  the  completion  of  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad  it  has  grown 
in  population  and  wealth  very  rapidly.  A  costly  iron  railroad  liridge  spans  the  Missouri 
river  at  this  point.  As  a  produce,  shipping  and  general  commercial  point  it  is  rapidly 
growing  into  prominence.  It  was  the  first  capital  of  the  Territory  and  State,  and  takes 
its  name  from  a  tribe  of  Indians. 

Among  other  important  towns  and  cities  are  Nebraska  City,  Columbus,  Kearney, 
Grand  Island,  Hastings,  Plattsmouth,  Tecumseh,  and  Niobrara. 

The  followino-  table  shows  the  population  of  Nebraska  by  the  census  of  1860  and 
1870: 


YEAR. 

WHITE. 

COLORED. 

AGGREGATE. 

i860       .                         

28,6g6 
122,117 

82 
7S9 

28,841 

1870 .-- 

122,993 

In  the  aggregate  for   1S60,  the  enumeration  includes  63  Indians,  and  in   that  of  1S70,  the 
enumeration  includes  87  Indians. 

Missouri. 

Missouri  was  formed  out  of  a  part  of  the  teri'itory  ceded  by  France  to  the  United 
States  in  1803.  By  an  act  approved  March  26,  1804,  the  French,  or  Louisiana  purchase, 
was  divided,  that  part  embracing  the  present  State  of  Missouri  being  at  first  designated 
as  the  District  of  Louisiana.  The  name  was  changed  to  Territory  of  Louisiana,  by  an 
act  passed  March  3,  1805,  and  again  by  an  act  of  June  4,  1812,  Louisiana  Territory  was 
changed  to  jMissouri  Territory.  By  an  act  passed  March  2,  1819,  the  southern  portion 
was  detached  and  organized  as  the  Territory  of  Arkansas.  During  the  same  year  the 
people  of  the  Territory  of  Missouri,  through  their  Legislative  Council  and  House  of 
Representatives,  memorialized  Congress  for  admission  into  the  Union  as  a  State.  On  the 
6th  of  March  following  an  act  was  passed  to  authorize  the  people  of  the  Territory  to 
form  a  State  constitution.  Missouri  being  the  first  State  formed  wholly  out  of  a  territory 
west  of  the  Mississippi,  the  question  of  the  extension  of  slavery  came  up  and  gave  rise 
to  a  stormy  debate  in  Congress  while  the  Missouri  bill,  as  it  was  called,  was  pending. 
The  propriety  and  expediency  of  extending  that  institution  to  the  new  States  west  of 


68  THE  NORTHWEST  TERRITORY. 

the  Mississippi  was  powerfully  and  earnestly  contested,  and  resulted  in  a  compromise 
restricting  slavery  to  certain  limits,  and  prohibited  the  extension  of  slavery  to  certain 
territory.  The  bill,  however,  of  Marcli  Oth,  passed  without  restrictions.  The  people  on 
the  19th  of  July,  1820,  adopted  their  constitution,  which  was  laid  before  Congress 
November  IGth  of  the  same  year.  The  Senate  passed  a  joint  resolution  declaring  the 
admission  of  the  State  of  Missouri  into  the  Union.  This  was  referred  to  a  select 
committee  in  the  House  of  Representatives,  and  on  the  10th  of  Februar}-,  1821,  Mr. 
Clay  made  a  report.  The  House  rejected  the  resolution,  and  on  motion  of  Mr.  Clay  a 
committee  on  the  part  of  the  House  was  appointed  to  join  a  committee  on  the  part  of  the 
Senate  to  consider  the  subject  and  report.  On  the  26th  of  Februarv  Mr.  Clay,  from  the 
joint  committee,  reported  a  "  Resolution  providing  for  the  admission  of  the  State  of 
Missouri  into  the  Union,  on  a  certain  condition."'  This  resolution  was  passed  and 
approved  March  2,  1821.  The  condition  was  tiiat  Missouri,  by  its  legislature,  should 
assent  to  a  condition  that  a  part  of  the  State  constitution  should  never  be  construed  to 
authorize  the  passage  of  a  law  by  which  any  citizen  of  either  of  the  States  in  the  Union 
should  be  e.\cluded  from  the  enjoyment  of  any  of  the  i)riviliges  and  immunities  to  which 
such  citizen  is  entitled  under  the  Constitution  of  the  United  States.  What  was  known 
as  the  "  Missouri  Compromise,"  was  embraced  in  tiie  act  of  the  previous  session, .which 
authorized  the  people  of  the  State  of  Missouri  to  form  a  State  constitution,  and  consisted 
of  a  compromise  section  in  the  bill  by  which  slavery  was  to  be  forever  prohibited  in  that 
part  of  the  territory  west  ot  the  Mississippi  (except  the  State  of  Missouri),  lying  north 
of  thirty -six  degrees  and  thirty  minutes  north  latitude.  Thus,  after  fierce  and  stormj' 
debates,  running  through  two  sessions  of  Congress,  Mi.ssouri  came  into  the  Union,  and 
the  exciting  question  of  slavery  was  supposed  also  to  have  been  settled.  On  the  lOth 
of  August,  1821,  President  Monroe  issued  his  proclamation  declaring  the  admission  of 
Missouri  completed,  according  to  law. 

Missouri  in  its  greatest  length  from  east  to  west  is  about  285  miles,  and  in  width 
from  north  lo  soutli,  280  miles.  It  embraces  an  area  of  67,380  square  miles,  or  43,123,200 
acres.  That  portion  of  it  north  of  the  Missour*  river  is  mostly  undulating  prairie  and 
timber  land,  while  that  portion  south  of  the  Missouri  river  is  characterized  b}-  a  great 
variety  of  surface.  In  the  southeast  part,  near  the  Mississippi,  is  an  extensive  area  of 
marshy  land.  The  region  forming  the  outskirts  of  the  Ozark  Mountains  is  hilly  and 
broken.  West  of  tlie  Osage  river  is  a  vast  expanse  of  prairie.  The  geological  features 
of  Missouri  are  exceedingly  interesting.  Coal,  iron  and  several  kinds  of  stone  and 
marble  foi-  building  jmriioses  exist  in  great  abundance.  A  vast  region,  in  the  vicinity  of 
Iron  Mountain  and  I'ilot  Knob,  jjroduces  iron  of  the  best  ciuality,  and  exists  in  inex- 
haustible quantity.  It  is  also  found  in  other  parts  of  the  State.  There  is  al.-^o  lead, 
which  has  been  mined  in  considerable  quantities.  Copper  is  found  tinoughout  the 
mineral  region,  but  is  found  combineil  with  other  minerals.  Silver  is  also  combined  with 
lead  ore.  The  bituminous  coal  deposits  are  mainly  on  both  sides  of  the  Missouri  river, 
below  the  inoiitli  of  tlie  Osage,  and  extending  forty  miles  up  that  river.  Cannel-coal  is 
found  in  Callaway  county. 

Missouri  possesses  the  advantages  of  two  of  the  greatest  navigable  rivers  in  tlic 
United  States  —  the  Mi.s.sissippi,  which  forms  her  entire  eastern  boundary,  and  the 
Missouri,  which  (lows  along  her  northwestern  border  nearly  two  hundred  miles,  and 
cro.sses  the  Slate  in  a  sonlli -easterly  coinse  to  its  junction  with  the  .Mississijipi.  As 
liotii  of  these  rivers  are  navigable  for  the  largest  steanu-rs,  the  State  has  easy  and  ready 
commercial  intercourse  to  tlie  (iiilf  of  Mexico  and  the  Rocky  Mountains,  as  well  as  up 
the  Oiiio  to  I'iltsburg.  Resides  the  Missouri,  the  State  lias  several  important  interior 
rivers,  to- wit:  Grand  river  and  Chariton,  tributaries  of  the  .Missouri  river  from  the 
north,  and  the  ( ).sage  and  (lasconade  from  the  south;  also.  Salt  river  and  Maramec, 
tributaries  of  the  Mississippi.     Tlie  St.  Francis  and  White  river  drain  the  south -eastern 


THE  NORTHWEST  TERRITORY.  69 

part,  passing  from  the  State  into  Arkansas.  Tlie  Osage  is  navigable  for  steamboats 
about  "275  miles. 

Missouri  as  a  State  has  manj-  material  resources,  fitting  her  for  becoming  one  of  the 
most  wealthy  and  populous  States  in  the  Union.  The  soil  is  generally  excellent,  produc- 
ing the  finest  crops,  while  those  portions  not  so  well  adapted  to  agriculture  are  rich  in 
minerals.  The  greater  portion  of  the  State  is  well  timbered.  In  the  river  bottoms  are 
heavy  growths  of  oak,  elm,  ash,  hickory,  cottonwood,  sugar,  and  white  and  black  walnut. 
On  the  uplands  also  are  found  a  great  variety  of  trees.  Various  fruits,  including  apples, 
pears,  peaches,  plums,  cherries  and  strawberries,  are  produced  in  tlie  greatest  abundance. 
Among  the  staple  productions  are  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  potatoes,  hemp  and  tobacco. 
A  great  variety  of  other  crops  are  also  raised. 

The  State  has  an  uneven  and  varialile  climate  —  the  Winters  being  very  cold  and  the 
Summers  excessively  hot.     Cliills  and  fever  are  common  to  some  extent  along  the  rivers. 

The  earliest  settlement  in  Missouri  seems  to  have  been  by  the  French,  about  the 
year  1719.  About  that  time  they  built  what  was  called  Fort  Orleans,  near  Jefferson  City, 
and  the  next  year  worked  the  lead  mines  to  some  extent.  Ste.  Genevieve  was  settled  in 
1755,  also  by  the  French,  and  is  the  oldest  town  in  the  State.  Missouri's  greatest  com- 
mercial metropolis,  St.  Louis,  was  first  settled  in  1764,  the  earliest  settlers  being  mostly 
French. 

Jefferson  City,  the  capital  of  the  State,  is  situated  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Missouri 
river,  in  Cole  county.  It  is  128  miles  by  land,  and  155  miles  by  water  from  St.  Louis. 
The  location  being  elevated,  commands  a  fine  view  of  the  river,  with  the  pleasant  and 
picturesque  scenery  which  is  presented  at  tliis  point  on  the  Missouri. 

St.  Louis,  the  great  commercial  city  of  Missouri,  as  well  as  of  a  large  portion  of  the 
West,  is  situated  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Mississippi,  20  miles  below  the  mouth  of  the 
Missouri,  and  174  miles  above  the  mouth  of  the  Ohio.  It  is  744  miles  below  the  Falls 
of  St.  Anthony,  and  1,194  miles  above  New  Orleans.  The  city  enjoj's  many  natural  ad- 
vantages as  a  commercial  emporium,  being  situated  nearly  midway  between  the  two 
oceans,  and  centrally  in  tlie  finest  agricultural  region  on  the  globe.  Witli  two  of  tlie 
greatest  navigable  rivers  on  the  continent,  affording  her  water  highways  to  the  ocean, 
to  many  of  the  large  inland  cities  of  the  country,  and  to  the  great  agricultural  and 
mineral  districts  away  up  in  the  Yellow  Stone  regions,  St.  Louis  is  surely  and  rapidly 
going  forward  to  a  grand  future.  Her  already  great  and  constantly  improving  system  of 
railways  is  tending  every  year  to  open  up  to  her  larger  fields  of  business  and  commercial 
intercourse.  Of  late  years  a  strong  rivalry  has  sprung  up  between  St.  Louis  and  Chicago 
in  regard  to  population,  etc.,  each  claiming  to  be  the  tliird  city  in  the  Union.  The  in- 
crease of  St.  Louis  since  the  close  of  the  war  of  the  rebellion  has  been  great,  the  ascen- 
dancy being  at  an  annual  rate  of  about  ten  per  cent.  At  this  rate  of  increase  she  is  fast 
earning  the  soubriquet  of  the  "  Future  Great  City." 

The  site  on  which  St.  Louis  stands  was  selected  February  15,  1764,  by  Laclede,  as  a 
post  possessing  peculiar  advantages  for  collecting  and  trading  in  furs,  as  well  as  for  de- 
fense against  the  Indians.  For  many  years  it  was  but  a  frontier  village,  the  principal 
trade  of  which  was  in  furs,  Buffalo  robes,  and  other  collections  of  trappers  and  hunters. 
A  great  part  of  the  population  was  absent  during  the  hunting  and  trapping  seasons,  so 
that  the  infancy  of  this  city  was  almost  a  struggle  for  existence.  As  late  as  1820  the 
population  was  only  4,598.  The  first  brick  house  was  erected  in  1813.  In  1822  St. 
Louis  was  chartered  as  a  city,  under  the  title  given  by  Laclede  in  honor  of  Louis  XV  of 
France.  In  1830  the  population  was  6,694,  an  increase  of  only  2,096  in  ten  years.  In 
1840  tlie  population  had  reached  16,469  ;  in  1850  it  was  77,950,  including  2,650  slaves  ; 
in  1860  the  population  was  160,77:'.;  and  in  1870  it  was  312,963. 

Kansas  City,  one  of  the  rajiidly  advancing  young  cities  of  tlie  State,  is  situated  on 
the   Missouri  river  just  below  the  mouth  of  the  Kansas.     In  1870  the  population  was 


70 


THE  NORTHTTEST  TERRITORY. 


32,260.  Since  that  time  there  has  been  a  rapid  increase,  both  in  population  and 
business. 

St.  Joseph  is  one  of  the  flourishing  cities,  and  is  situated  on  the  left,  or  east  bank  of 
the  Missouri  river,  -JQG  miles  by  water  from  St.  Louis.  It  was  laid  out  in  1848,  and  be- 
came an  important  point  of  departure  for  overland  emigration  to  California  and  Oregon. 
In  1870  the  population  was  19,5(30,  but  has  rapidlj-  increased  since  then. 

Among  the  important  and  thriving  towns  and  cities  are  Hannibal,  Springfield,  Boon- 
ville,  Lexington,  Chillicothe,  Independence,  Palmyra,  Canton,  Iron  Mount  and  Moberly. 

The  following  table  shows  the  population  of  Missouri  at  the  close  of  each  decade, 
from  1810  to  1870: 


AGGRBCATE. 


iSlO. 
182O- 
1830. 
1840. 
1850. 
i860. 
1870. 


17,227 

55.988 

114.795 

323.888 

592,004 

1,063.489 

1.603,146 


3.618 
10,569 
25,660 

59.S14 

90.040 

118,503 

118,071 


20,845 

66.557 

'40.455 

3S3.-02 

682.044 

»i, 182.012 

*i. 721. 295 


*  The  aggregate  for  1S60  includes  20  enumerated  as  Indians,  and  the  aggregate  for  1870 
includes  75  enumerated  as  Indians. 


CHAPTEJi   X. 


SKETCH    OF    CHICAGO. 


First  White  Visitors  —  The  Name  —  Jean  Baptiste  —  John  Kinzie  —  Fort  Dearborn  —  Evacuation  —  The  Massacre 
—  Heroic  Women — Capt.  lleald  —  Capt.  Wells  —  Scalping  the  Wounded  —  Fort  Dearborn  Re-built —  Illinois 
and  Michigan  Canal  —  Chicago  Laid  Out  —  Removal  of  Indians — City  Organization  —  Pioneer  Religious 
Societies  —  Public  Improvements. 

The  history  of  so  great  a  city  as  Chicago,  like  that  of  London,  or  Paris,  or  New 
York,  by  reason  of  its  commercial,  financial  and  other  relations  to  the  world  at  large,  is 
a  history  of  world-wide  interest.  Not  that  Chicago  may  yet  be  compared  in  size,  popu- 
lation or  wealth  with  tlie  great  cities  named,  would  we  mention  it  in  connection  with 
them,  and  yet,  {.onsiduring  its  age,  it  is  greater  than  either  of  them.  In  its  ratio  of  in- 
crease in  population,  commerce,  and  general  progress,  it  is  to-day  outstripjiing  tliem.  In 
what  civilized  part  of  the  globe  is  Chicago  not  iieard  of,  read  of,  and  known '.'  If,  so 
many  centuries  after  the  founding  of  Rome,  mankind  still  feel  interested  in  the  mythical 
story  of  Romulus  and  Uemiis,  may  not  the  present  and  future  generations  read  with 
interest  tlic  more  authentic  story  of  tiie  foiiiiding  of  a  great  modern  city? 

The  Jesuit  missionary  and  cxiilorer,  Mar(iui'tte,  lirst  visited  the  place  where  Chicago 
is  located,  in  lG7ii.  Again,  in  tiie  winter  of  Ui74-'>,  he  cami>etl  near  the  site  of  tlie  pres- 
ent city,  from  I)eceml)er  until  near  the  close  of  March.  Upon  his  arrival,  in  December, 
the  Chicago  river  was  frozen  over,  and  the  ground  covered  with  snow.  The  name  is  of 
Indian  origin,  and  was  applicil  to  the  river.  Hy  the  Krencii  voijitffeum  it  is  variously 
spelled,  the  majority  rendering  it  Chiragou.     The  place    is  nientioned  by  Herrot  in  1770. 

In  1796,  Jean  JJaptiste,  a  trader  from  the  West  Indies,  found  liis  way  to  the  month 


THE  NORTHWEST  TERRITORY.  71 

of  the  little  stream  known  as  Chicago  river,  and  engaged  in  trading  with  the  Indians. 
Here  for  eight  years,  almost  alone,  he  maintained  trade  and  intercourse  with  the  savages, 
until,  in  1804,  Fort  Dearborn  was  erected,  and  a  trading  post  was  established  by  John 
Kinzie,  who  became  the  successor  of  Jean  Baptiste.  Fort  Dearborn,  as  first  constructed, 
was  a  very  rude  and  primitive  stockade,  which  cost  the  government  only  al)0ut  fifty  dol- 
lars. It  stood  on  the  south  bank  of  Chicago  river,  half  a  mile  from  the  lake.  The  few 
soldiers  sent  to  erect  and  garrison  it  were  in  charge  of  Major  Whistler.  For  a  time,  being 
unable  to  procure  grain  for  bread,  the  soldiers  were  obliged  to  subsist  in  part  upon  acorns. 
The  original  settler,  Jean  Baptiste,  or  as  his  full  name  was  written,  Jean  Baptiste  Point 
au  Sable,  sold  his  cabin  to  Mr.  Kinzie,  and  the  latter  erected  on  the  site  the  building 
known  to  the  earl}-  settlers  as  the  "  Kinzie  House."  This  became  a  resort  for  the  officers 
and  others  connected  with  the  garrison,  In  1812  the  garrison  had  a  force  of  54  men, 
under  the  command  of  Capt.  Nathan  Heald,  with  Lieutenant  Lenai  L.  Helm  and  Ensign 
Ronan.  Dr.  Voorhees  was  surgeon.  The  only  white  residents,  except  the  officers  and 
soldiers,  at  that  time,  were  Mr.  Kinzie  and  his  family,  the  wives  of  Capt.  Heald  and 
Lieut.  Helm,  and  a  few  Canadians,  with  their  families.  Nearly  up  to  this  time  the  most 
friendly  relations  had  been  maintained  with  the  Indians — the  principal  tribes  b}'  whom 
they  were  surrounded  being  the  Pottawatomies  and  Winnebagoes.  The  battle  of  Tip- 
pecanoe had  been  fought  the  3-ear  before,  and  the  influence  of  Tecumseh  began  to  be 
observable  in  the  conduct  of  the  Indians.  They  were  also  aware  of  the  difficulties 
between  the  United  States  and  Great  Britain,  and  had  yielded  to  the  influences  brought 
to  bear  by  the  latter.  In  April  of  this  year,  suspicious  parties  of  Winnebagoes  began  to 
hover  about  the  fort,  remaining  in  the  vicinity  for  several  days.  The  inhabitants  became 
alarmed,  and  the  families  took  refuge  in  the  fort.  On  the  7th  of  August  a  Pottawatta- 
mie chief  appeared  at  the  fort  with  an  order  or  dispatch  from  Gen.  Hull,  at  Detroit, 
directing  Capt.  Heald  to  evacuate  Fort  Dearborn,  and  distribute  all  the  government  prop- 
erty to  the  neighboring  Indians.  The  chief  who  brought  the  dispatch  advised  Capt. 
Heald  to  make  no  distribution  to  the  Indians.  He  told  him  it  would  be  better  to  leave 
the  fort  and  stores  as  they  were,  and  that  while  the  Indians  were  distributing  the  stores 
among  themselves,  the  whites  might  escape  to  Fort  Wayne.  On  the  12th  of  August 
Capt.  Heald  held  a  council  with  the  Indians,  but  the  other  officers  refused  to  join  him. 
They  feared  treachery  on  the  part  of  the  Indians,  and  indeed  had  been  informed  that 
their  intention  was  to  murder  the  white  people.  In  the  council  Capt.  Heald  had  taken 
the  precaution  to  open  a  port-hole  displaying  a  cannon  directed  upon  the  council,  and 
probably  by  that  means  kept  the  Indians  from  molesting  him  at  that  time.  Acting  under 
tlie  advice  of  Mr.  Kinzie,  he  withheld  the  ammunition  and  arms  from  the  Indians,  throw- 
ing them,  together  with  the  liquors,  into  the  Chicago  river.  On  that  day  Black  Part- 
ridge, a  friendly  chief,  said  to  Capt.  Heald :  "  Linden  birds  have  been  singing  in  my  ears 
to-day  ;  be  careful  on  the  march  you  are  going  to  take."  On  the  13th  the  Indians  dis- 
covered the  powder  floating  on  the  surface  of  the  water,  a  discovery  which  had  the  effect 
to  exasperate  them  the  more,  and  they  began  to  indulge  in  threats.  Meantime  prepara- 
tions were  made  to  leave  the  fort. 

Capt.  Wells,  an  uncle  of  Mrs.  Heald,  had  been  adopted  by  the  famous  Miami 
warrior.  Little  Turtle,  and  had  become  chief  of  a  band  of  Miamis.  On  the  14th  he  was 
seen  approaching  with  a  band  of  his  Miami  warriors,  coming  to  assist  Capt.  Heald  in 
defending  the  fort,  having  at  Fort  Wayne  heard  of  the  danger  which  threatened  the 
garrison  and  the  settlers.  But  all  means  for  defending  the  fort  had  been  destroyed  the 
night  before.  All,  therefore,  took  up  their  line  of  march,  with  Capt.  Wells  and  his 
Miamis  in  the  lead,  followed  by  Capt.  Heald,  with  his  wife  riding  b}'  liis  side.  Mr. 
Kinzie  had  always  been  on  the  most  friendly  terms  with  the  Indians,  and  still  hoped  that 
his  personal  efforts  might  influence  them  to  allow  the  whites  to  leave  unmolested.  He 
determined  to  accompany  the  expedition,  leaving  his  family  in   a  boat  in  the  care  of  a 


72  THE  NORTHWEST  TERRITORY. 

friendly  Indian.  In  case  any  misfortune  should  happen  to  him,  his  family  was  to  be  sent 
to  the  place  where  Niles,  Michigan,  is  now  located,  where  he  had  another  trading  post. 
Along  the  shore  of  Lake  Michigan  slowly  marched  the  little  band  of  whites,  with  a  friendly 
escort  of  Pottawataniies,  and  Capt.  Wells  and  his  Miamis,  the  latter  in  advance.  When 
they  had  reached  what  were  known  as  the  "Sand  Hills,"  the  Miami  advance  guard  came 
rushing  back,  Capt.  AVells  exclaiming,  "  They  are  about  to  attack  ;  form  instantly."  At 
that  moment  a  shower  of  bullets  came  whistling  over  the  sand  hills,  behind  whicli  the 
Indians  had  concealed  themselves  for  the  murderous  attack.  The  cowardly  Miamis 
were  panic-stricken,  ane  took  to  flight,  leaving  their  heroic  leader  to  his  fate.  He  was  at 
the  side  of  his  niece,  Mrs.  Heald,  when  the  attack  was  made,  and,  after  expressing  to  her 
the  utter  hopelessness  of  their  situation,  dashed  into  the  fight.  There  were  54  soldiers, 
12  civilians  and  three  women,  all  poorly  armed,  against  500  Indian  warriors.  The  little 
band  had  no  alternative  but  to  sell  their  lives  as  dearly  as  possible.  They  charged  upon 
their  murderous  assailants,  and  drove  them  from  their  position  back  to  the  prairie.  There 
the  conflict  continued  until  two-thirds  of  the  whites  were  killed  and  wounded.  Mrs. 
Heald.  Mrs.  Helm  and  Mrs.  Holt,  all  took  part  in  the  combat.  In  a  wagon  were  twelve 
children,  and  a  painted  demon  tomahawked  them  all,  seeing  which,  Capt.  Wells  ex- 
claimed, "  If  butchering  women  and  children  is  your  game,  I  will  kill  too."  and  then 
spurred  his  horse  toward  the  Indian  camp,  where  they  had  left  their  squaws  and  papooses. 
He  was  pursued  bj'  several  young  warriors,  who  sent  bullets  wiiistling  about  him,  killing 
his  horse  and  wounding  Capt.  Wells.  They  attempted  to  take  him  a  prisoner,  but  he 
resolved  not  to  be  taken  alive.  Calling  a  young  chief  a  squaw,  an  epithet  which  which 
excites  the  fiercest  resentment  in  an  Indian  warrior,  the  young  ciiief  instantly  toma- 
hawked him. 

The  three  women  fought  as  bravely  as  the  soldiers.  Mrs.  Heald  was  an  expert  in 
the  use  of  the  rifle,  but  received  several  severe  wounds.  During  the  conflict  the  hand 
of  a  savage  was  raised  to  tomahawk  her,  when  she  exclaimed  in  his  own  language, 
"Surely  you  will  not  kill  a  squaw."  Her  words  had  the  effect  to  change  his  purpose, 
and  her  life  was  spared.  Another  warrior  attempted  to  tomahawk  Mrs.  Helm.  He 
struck  her  a  glancing  blow  on  the  shoulder,  when  she  seized  him  and  attempted  to  wrest 
from  him  his  scalping  knife,  which  was  in  the  sheath  attached  to  his  belt.  At  that 
moment  the  friendly  Black  Partridge  dragged  her  from  her  antagonist,  aud  in  spite  of 
her  struggles  carried  her  to  the  lake  and  plunged  her  in.  at  the  same  time  holding  her  so 
she  would  not  drown.  Hy  this  means  he  saved  her  life,  as  he  intended.  The  third 
woman,  Mrs.  Holt,  the  wife  of  Sergeant  Holt,  was  a  huge  woman,  and  as  strong  and 
brave  as  an  amazon.  She  rode  a  fine,  spirited  horse,  which  more  than  once  the  Indians 
tried  to  take  from  her.  Her  husband  had  been  disabled  in  tlie  fight,  and  with  his  sword, 
which  she  had  taken,  she  kept  the  savages  at  bay  for  some  time.  She  was  finally,  how- 
ever, taken  prisoner,  and  remained  along  time  a  captive  among  the  Indians,  but  was  sub- 
sequently lansonied. 

After  two-thirds  of  the  whites  had  been  slain  or  disabled,  twenty-eiglit  men  suc- 
ceeded in  gaining  an  eminence  on  the  prairie,  and  the  Indians  desisted  from  further  pur- 
suit. The  chiefs  held  a  consultation,  and  gave  the  sign  that  they  were  ready  to  parley. 
Capt.  Heald  went  forward  and  met  the  chief.  Blackbird,  on  the  jirairie,  when  terms  of 
surrender  were  agreed  upon.  The  whites  were  to  deliver  up  their  arms  and  become  pris- 
oners, to  be  exchanged  or  ransomed  in  the  future.  All  were  taken  to  the  Indian  camp 
near  the  abandoned  fort,  where  the  wounded  Mrs.  Helm  had  previously  been  taken  by 
Black  Partridge.  By  the  terms  of  surrender  no  provision  had  been  made  as  to  the  dis- 
position of  the  wounded.  It  was  the  understanding  of  the  Indians  that  the  British 
general,  Proctor,  had  offered  a  bounty  for  American  scalps  delivered  at  Maiden.  Here 
there  was  another  scene  of  horror.     ^lost  of  the  wounded  men  were  killed  and  scalped. 

Such  ia  a,  hasty  glace  at  scenes  that  were  witnessed  on  this  then  wild  shore  of  Lake 


THE  NORTHWEST  TERRITORY.  73 

Michigan.  Such  were  the  experiences  and  the  struggles  of  the  heroic  men  and  women 
who  ventured  forth  into  the  wilderness  to  plant  the  germs  of  civilization,  and  to  lay  the 
foundations  of  future  cities  and  States.  The  site  on  which  now  stands  a  city  which  ranks 
among  the  greatest  on  the  continent,  is  consecrated  by  the  blood  shed  by  heroes  on  that 
bright  15th  day  of  August,  1812. 

Fort  Dearborn  was  rebuilt  in  1816,  under  the  direction  of  Capt.  Bradley,  and  was 
occupied  until  1837,  when,  the  Indians  having  removed  from  the  country,  it  was 
abandoned. 

Congress,  on  the  2d  of  March,  1827,  granted  to  the  State  of  Illinois  every  alternate 
section  of  land  for  six  miles  on  either  side  of  the  line  of  the  then  proposed  Illinois  and 
Michigan  canal,  to  aid  in  its  construction,  from  Chicago  to  the  head  of  navigation  of  the 
Illinois  river.  The  State  accepted  the  grant,  and  on  the  22d  of  January,  1829,  organized 
a  board  of  canal  commissioners,  with  power  to  lay  out  towns  along  the  line.  Under  this 
authority  the  commissioners  employed  Mr.  James  Thompson  to  survej-  the  town  of  Chi- 
cago. His  first  map  of  the  town  bears  date  August  4, 1830.  In  1831  the  place  contained 
about  a  dozen  families,  not  including  the  officers  and  soldiers  in  Fort  Dearborn.  On  the 
10th  of  August,  1833,  it  was  organized  by  the  election  of  five  trustees — there  being 
twenty-eight  voters.  On  the  26th  of  September  of  the  same  year,  a  treaty  was  signed 
with  the  chiefs  of  the  Pottawattamies,  seven  thousand  of  the  tribe  being  present,  and  on 
the  1st  of  October  they  were  removed  west  of  the  Mississippi.  The  first  charter  of  the 
city  was  passed  by  the  Legislature  of  Illinois,  and  approved  March  4,  1837.  Under 
this  charter  an  election  was  held  May  1st,  of  the  same  year.  A  census  was  taken  on  the 
1st  of  July,  when  the  entire  population  was  shown  to  be  4,170.  The  cit}'  then  contained 
four  warehouses,  three  hundred  and  twenty-eight  dwellings,  twenty-nine  dry  goods 
stores,  five  hardware  stores,  three  drug  stores,  nineteen  provision  stores,  ten  taverns, 
twenty-six  groceries,  seventeen  lawyers'  offices,  and  five  churches.  It  theu  embraced  an 
area  of  560  acres.  At  this  date  grain  and  flour  had  to  be  imported  from  the  East  to  feed 
the  people,  for  the  iron  arteries  of  trade  did  not  then  stretch  out  over  the  prairies  of 
Illinois,  Iowa,  and  other  States.  There  were  no  exportations  of  produce  until  1839,  and 
not  until  1842  did  the  exports  exceed  the  imports.  Grain  was  sold  in  the  streets  by  the 
wagon  load,  the  trade  being  restricted  to  a  few  neighboring  farmers  of  Illinois. 

Of  religious  organizations  the  Methodists  were  the  pioneers,  being  represented  in 
1831,  1832,  and  1833,  by  Rev.  Jesse  Walker.  Their  first  quarterly  meeting  was  held  in 
the  Fall  of  1833,  and  in  the  Spring  of  the  next  year  the  first  regular  class  was  formed. 
The  first  Presbyterian  church  was  organized  June  26,  1833,  the  first  pastor  being  Rev. 
James  Porter.  It  consisted  at  the  time  of  twenty-five  members  from  the  garrison  and 
nine  from  the  citizens  of  the  town.  The  first  Baptist  church  was  organized  October  19, 
1833 ;  and  the  first  Episcopal  church,  St.  James,  in  1834.  The  first  Catholic  church  was 
built  by  Rev.  Schofler,  in  1833-4. 


PART     II. 


General  History  of  Illixois. 


CHAPTER  I. 

The  Indians —  Illinois  Confederacy  —  Starved  Rock  —  Manners  and  Customs  —  A  Life  and  Death  Combat. 

THE     INDIANS. 

Following  the  Mound  Builders  as  inhabitants  of  North  America,  were,  as  it  is 
supposed,  the  people  who  reared  the  magnificent  cities,  the  ruins  of  which  are  found  in 
Central  America.  This  people  was  far  more  civilized  and  advanced  in  the  arts  than  were 
the  Mound  Builders.  The  cities  built  by  them,  judging  from  the  ruins  of  broken 
columns,  fallen  arclies  and  crumbling  walls  of  temples,  palaces  and  pyramids,  which  in 
some  places  for  miles  bestrew  the  ground,  must  have  been  of  great  extent,  magnificent 
and  very  populous.  When  we  consider  the  vast  period  of  time  necessary  to  erect  such 
colossal  structures,  and,  again,  tiie  time  required  to  reduce  them  to  their  present  ruined 
state,  we  can  conceive  something  of  their  antiquity.  Tiiese  cities  must  have  been  old 
when  many  of  the  ancient  cities  of  the  Orient  were  being  l)uilt. 

The  third  race  inliabiting  North  America,  distinct  from  the  former  two  in  every 
particular,  is  the  present  Indians.  They  were,  when  visited  by  tiie  early  discoverers, 
without  cultivation,  refinement  or  literature,  and  far  behind  the  Mound  Builders  in  the 
knowledge  of  the  arts.  The  question  of  their  origin  has  long  interested  archseologists, 
and  is  the  most  difficult  they  have  been  called  upon  to  answer.  Of  their  predecessors 
tiie  Indian  tribes  knew  iiotliing  ;  tliey  liad  even  no  traditions  respecting  them.  It  is 
quite  certain  tliat  tiiey  were  tiie  successors  of  a  race  wliicii  liad  entirely  passed  away 
ages  before  tlie  discovery  of  the  New  World.  One  iiypotlu-sis  is  that  tlie  American 
Indians  are  an  original  race  indigenous  to  the  Western  Hemisphere.  Those  wlio  enter- 
tain this  view  think  tlieir  peculiarities  of  pliysical  structure  preclude  the  possibility  of  a 
common  parentage  witli  tlie  rest  of  mankind.  Prominent  among  those  distinctive  traits 
is  the  hair,  which  in  tiic  red  man  is  round,  in  the  white  man  oval,  and  in  the  black  man 
flat. 

A  more  common  supposition,  however,  is  that  they  are  a  derivative  race,  and  sprang 
from  one  or  more  of  tlie  ancient  peoples  of  Asia.  In  the  absence  of  all  aulhentic 
hi.story,  and  wlien  even  tradition  is  wanting,  any  attempt  to  point  out  the  particular 
location  of  tlieir  origin  must  i)r()vc  unsatisfactory.  Thougii  tlie  exact  place  of  origin  may 
never  lie  known,  yet  tlic  striking  coincidence  of  jiiiysicai  organization  between  the 
Oriental  type  of  mankind  and  the  Indians  point  unmistakably  to  some  jiart  of  Asia  as 
tiie  place  wlicnce  they  emigrated,  whicli  was  originally  peopled  to  a  great  extent  by  tiie 
children  of  Sliem.  In  this  connection  it  has  been  claimed  that  the  meeting  of  tlie 
Europeans,  Indians  and  Africans  on  tlie  continent  of  America,  is  the  fulfillment  of  a 
propliecy  as  recorded  in  Genesis  ix.  '21 :     "God  shall  enlarge  Japiielli,  and  lie  shall  dwell 


GENERAL   HISTORY  OF  ILLINOIS.  75 

in  the  tents  of  Shem  ;  and  Canaan  shall  be  his  servant."  Assuming  the  theory  to  be 
true  that  tlie  Indian  tribes  are  of  Shemitic  origin,  they  were  met  on  this  continent  in  the 
fifteenth  century  by  the  Japhethic  race,  after  the  two  stocks  had  passed  around  the  globe  by 
directly  different  routes.  A  few  years  afterward  the  Hamitic  branch  of  the  human  family 
were  brought  from  the  coast  of  Africa.  During  the  occupancy  of  the  continent  by  the 
three  distinct  races,  the  children  of  Japheth  have  grown  and  prospered,  while  the  called 
and  not  voluntary  sons  of  Ham  have  endured  a  servitude  in  the  wider  stretching  valle3's 
of  the  tents  of  Shem. 

When  Christopher  Columbus  had  finally  succeeded  in  demonstrating  the  truth  of 
his  theory  that  by  sailing  westward  from  Europe  land  would  be  discovered,  landing  on 
the  Island  of  Bermuda  he  supj^osed  he  had  reached  the  East  Indies.  This  was  an  error, 
but  it  led  to  the  adoption  of  the  name  of  "  Indians  "  for  the  inhabitants  of  the  island 
and  the  main  land  of  America,  by  which  name  the  red  men  of  America  have  ever  since 
been  known. 

Of  the  several  great  branches  of  North  American  Indians  the  only  ones  entitled  to 
consideration  in  Illinois  history  are  the  Algonquins  and  Iroquois.  At  the  time  of  the 
discovery  of  America  the  former  occupied  the  Atlantic  seaboard,  while  the  home  of  the 
Iroquois  was  as  an  island  in  this  vast  area  of  Algonquin  population.  The  latter  great 
hation  spread  over  a  vast  territory,  and  various  tribes  of  Algonquin  lineage  sprang  ud 
over  the  country,  adopting,  in  time,  distinct  tribal  customs  and  laws.  An  almost  con- 
tinuous warfare  was  carried  on  between  tribes  ;  but  later,  on  the  entrance  of  the  white 
man  into  their  beloved  homes,  every  foot  of  territory  was  fiercely  disputed  by  the  con- 
federacy of  many  neighboring  tribes.  The  Algonquins  formed  the  most  extensive  alliance 
to  resist  the  encroachment  of  the  whites,  especially  the  English.  Such  was  the  nature 
of  King  Philip's  war.  This  king  with  his  Algonquin  braves  spread  terror  and  desolation 
throughout  New  England.  With  the  Algonquins  as  the  controlling  spirit,  a  confederacy 
of  continental  proportions  was  the  result,  embracing  in  its  alliance  the  tribes  of  every 
name  and  lineage  from  the  Northern  lakes  to  the  gulf.  Pontiac,  having  breathed  into 
them  his  implacable  hate  of  the  English  intruders,  ordered  the  conflict  to  commence,  and 
all  the  British  colonies  trembled  before  the  desolating  fury  of  Indian  vengeance. 

ILLINOIS  CONFEDERACY. 

The  Illinois  confederacy,  the  various  tribes  of  which  comprised  most  of  the  Indians 
of  Illinois  at  one  time,  was  composed  of  five  tribes :  the  Tamaroas,  Michigans,  Kaskaskias, 
Cahokas,  and  Peorias.  The  Illinois,  IMiamis  and  Delawares  were  of  the  same  stock.  As 
earl}'  as  1670  the  priest  Father  Marquette  mentions  frequent  visits  made  by  individuals 
of  this  confederacy  to  the  missionary  station  at  St.  Esprit,  near  the  western  extremity  of 
Lake  Superior.  At  that  time  the}'  lived  west  of  the  Mississippi,  in  eight  villages,  whither 
they  had  been  driven  from  the  shores  of  Lake  Michigan  by  the  Iroquois.  Shortly  after- 
ward they  began  to  return  to  their  old  hunting  grounds,  and  most  of  them  finally  settled 
in  Illinois.  Joliet  and  Marquette,  in  1673,  met  with  a  band  of  them  on  their  famous 
voyage  of  discovery  down  the  Mississippi.  They  were  treated  with  the  greatest  hospi- 
tality by  the  principal  chief.  On  their  return  voyage  up  the  Illinois  river  they  stopped 
at  the  principal  town  of  the  confederacy,  situated  on  the  banks  of  the  river  seven  miles 
below  the  present  town  of  Ottawa.  It  was  then  called  Kaskaskia.  Marquette  returned 
to  the  village  in  1675  and  established  the  mission  of  the  Immaculate  Conception,  the 
oldest  in  Illinois.  When,  1679,  LaSalle  visited  the  town,  it  had  greatly  increased, 
numljering  460  lodges,  and  at  the  annual  assembly  of  the  different  tribes,  from  6,000  to 
8,000  souls.  In  common  with  other  western  tribes,  they  became  involved  in  the  con- 
spiracy of  Pontiac,  although  displaying  no  very  great  warlike  spirit.  Pontiac  lost  his 
life  by  the  hands  of  one  of  the  braves  of  the  Illinois  tribe,  which  so  enraged  the  nations 


76  GENERAL  HISTORY  OF  ILLINOIS. 

that  had  followed  him  as  their  leader  that  they  fell  upon  the  Illiuois  to  avenge  his  death, 
and  almost  annihilated  them. 

STARVED   ROCK. 

Tradition  states  that  a  band  of  this  tribe,  in  order  to  escape  the  general  slaughter,  took 
refuL,'e  upon  the  high  rock  on  the  Illinois  river  since  known  as  Starved  Rock.  Nature 
has  made  this  one  of  the  most  formidable  militar}'  fortresses  in  the  world.  From  the 
waters  which  wash  its  base  it  rises  to  an  altitude  of  12.5  feet.  Three  of  its  sides  it  is  im- 
possible to  scale,  while  the  one  next  to  tiie  land  may  be  climbed  witli  difficulty.  From 
its  summit,  almost  as  inaccessible  as  an  eagle's  nest,  the  valley  of  tlie  Illinois  is  seen  as  a 
landscape  of  exquisite  beauty.  The  river  near  by  struggles  between  a  number  of  wooded 
islands,  while  further  below  it  quietly  meanders  through  vast  meadows  till  it  disappears 
like  a  thread  of  light  in  the  dim  distance.  On  the  summit  of  this  rock  the  Illinois  were 
besieged  by  a  superior  force  of  tlie  Pottawattomies  whom  the  great  strength  of  their 
natural  fortress  enabled  them  to  keep  at  bay.  Hunger  and  tliirst,  however,  soon  ac- 
complished what  the  enemy  was  unable  to  effect.  Surrounded  by  a  relentless  foe,  with- 
out food  or  water,  they  took  a  last  look  at  their  beautiful  hunting  grounds,  and  with  true 
Indian  fortitude  lay  down  and  died  from  starvation.  Years  afterward  their  liones  were 
seen  whitening  in  that  place.  « 

At  the  beginning  of  the  present  century  the  remnants  of  this  once  powerful  con- 
federacy were  forced  into  a  small  compass  around  Kaskaskia.  A  few  years  later  they 
emigrated  to  the  Southwest,  and  in  1850  they  were  in  the  Indian  Territory,  and  numbered 
but  eighty-four  persons. 

MANNERS    AND   CUSTOMS. 

The  art  of  hunting  not  only  supplied  the  Indian  with  food,  but,  like  that  of  war,  was 
a  means  of  gratifying  his  love  of  distinction.  The  male  children,  as  soon  as  they  ac- 
quired sufficient  age  and  strength,  were  furnished  with  a  bow  and  arrow  and  taught  to 
shoot  birds  and  other  small  game.  Success  in  killing  large  quadrupeds  required  years  of 
careful  stud}'  and  practice,  and  the  art  was  as  sedulously  inculcated  in  tlie  minds  of  the 
rising  generation  as  are  the  elements  of  reading,  writing  and  arithmetic  in  the  common 
schools  of  civilized  communities.  The  mazes  of  the  forest  and  the  dense,  tall  grasses  of 
the  prairies  were  the  best  fields  for  the  exercise  of  the  hunter's  skill.  No  feet  could  be 
impressed  in  the  yielding  soil  but  that  the  tracks  were  the  objects  of  the  most  searching 
scrutiny,  and  revealed  at  a  glance  the  animal  tliat  made  them,  the  direction  it  was  pur- 
suing, and  the  time  tiiat  had  elapsed  since  it  had  passed.  In  a  forest  country  he  selected 
the  valleys,  because  they  were  most  frequently  the  resort  of  game.  The  most  easily 
taken,  perhaps,  of  all  the  animals  of  the  chase  was  the  deer.  It  is  endowed  with  a  curi- 
osity wiiicli  prompts  it  to  stop  in  its  flight  and  look  back  at  the  approaching  hunter,  who 
always  avails  himself  of  this  opj)ortunity  to  let  fly  the  fatal  arrow. 

Their  general  councils  were  composed  of  the  chiefs  and  old  men.  When  in  council, 
they  usually  sat  in  concentric  circles  around  the  speaker,  and  each  individual,  notwith- 
standing the  fiery  passions  tliat  rankled  witiiin,  preserved  an  exterior  as  immovable  as  if 
cast  in  bronze.  Before  commencing  business  a  person  appeared  with  the  sacred  pipe,  and 
another  with  fire  to  kindle  it.  After  being  liglited.  it  was  first  presented  to  lieaven,  sec- 
ondly to  the  earth,  tliirdly  to  tlie  j)residiiig  spirit,  and  lastly  the  several  councilors,  each 
of  whom  took  a  wliifi".  These  formalities  were  observed  with  as  close  exactness  as  state 
etiquette  in  civilized  courts. 

The  dwellings  of  the  Indians  were  of  the  simplest  and  rudest  character.  On  some 
pleasant  spot  by  the  bank  of  a  river,  or  near  an  ever-running  spring,  they  raised  tlieir 
groups  of  wigwams,  constructed  of  the  l)ark  of  trees,  and  easily  taken  down  and 
removed  to  another  spot.  Tlie  dwelling-places  of  the  chiefs  were  sometimes  more 
spacious,  and  constructed  with  greater  cure,  but  of  the  same  materials.     Skins  taken  in 


GENERAL   HISTORY  OP  ILLINOIS. 


77 


78  GENERAL  HISTORY   UF  ILLINOIS. 

the  chase  served  them  for  repose.  Thoiigli  principally  dependent  upon  huntinjj  and  fish- 
ing, the  uncertain  .supjily  from  those  sources  led  them  to  cultivate  small  jiatches  of  corn. 
Every  family  did  every  thing  necessary  within  itself,  commerce,  or  an  interchange  of  arti- 
cles, being  almost  unknown  to  them.  In  cases  of  dispute  and  dissension,  each  Indian 
relied  upon  himself  for  retaUation.  lilood  for  blood  was  the  rule,  and  the  relatives  of  the 
slain  man  were  bound  to  obtain  bloody  revenge  for  his  death.  This  principle  gave  rise, 
as  a  matter  of  course,  to  innumerable  and  bitter  feuds,  and  wai-s  of  extermination  where 
such  were  possible.  War,  indeed,  rather  tlian  peace,  was  the  Indian's  glory  and  delight, 
— war,  not  conducted  as  civilization,  but  war  where  individual  skill,  endurance,  gallantry 
and  cruelty  were  prime  requisites.  For  such  a  purpose  as  revenge  the  Indian  would 
make  great  sacrifices,  and  display  a  patience  and  perseverance  truly  heroic  ;  but  when 
the  excitement  was  over,  he  sank  back  into  a  listless,  unoccupied,  well-nigh  useless  sav- 
age. During  the  intervals  of  his  more  exciting  pursuits,  the  Indian  employed  his  time 
in  decorating  his  person  with  all  the  refinement  of  paint  and  feathers,  and  in  the  manu- 
facture of  his  arms  and  canoes.  These  were  constructed  of  bark,  and  so  light  that  they 
coidd  easily  he  carried  on  the  shoulder  from  stream  to  stream.  His  amusements  were 
the  war-dance,  athletic  games,  the  narration  of  his  exploits,  and  listening  to  the  oratory 
of  the  chiefs  ;  but  during  long  periods  of  such  existence  he  remained  in  a  state  of  torpor, 
gazing  listlessly  upon  the  trees  of  the  forests  and  the  clouds  that  siiiled  above  them  ;  and 
this  vacancy  imprinted  an  habitual  gravity,  and  even  melancholy,  upon  his  general  de- 
portment. 

The  main  labor  and  drudgery  of  Indian  communities  fell  upon  the  women.  The 
planting,  tending  and  gathering  of  the  crops,  making  mats  and  baskets,  carrying  burdens, 
— in  fact,  all  things  of  the  kind  were  performed  by  them,  tlius  making  their  condition  but 
little  better  than  that  of  slaves.  Marriage  was  merely  a  matter  of  bargain  and  sale,  the 
husband  giving  presents  to  the  father  of  the  bride.  In  general  they  had  but  few  children. 
They  were  subjected  to  many  and  severe  attacks  of  sickness,  and  at  times  famine  and 
pestilence  swept  away  whole  tribes. 

A    LIFE    AND   DEATH    COMBAT. 

The  most  desperate  single-handed  combat  with  Indians  ever  fought  on  the  soil  of 
Illinois  was  that  of  Tom  Higgins,  August  21,  1814.  Higgins  was  25  years  old.  of  a 
muscular  and  compact  build,  not  tall,  but  strong  and  active.  In  danger  he  possessed  a 
quick  and  discerning  judgment,  and  was  without  fear.  He  was  a  member  of  Journey's 
rangers,  consisting  of  eleven  men,  stationed  at  Hill's  Fort,  eight  miles  southwest  of  the 
present  Greenville,  Putnam  county.  Discovering  Indian  signs  near  the  fort,  the  corn- 
pan)',  early  the  following  nioiiiing,  started  on  the  trail.  They  had  not  gone  far  before 
they  were  in  an  ambuscade  of  a  larger  part)'.  At  the  first  fire  their  commander.  Journey, 
and  three  men  fell,  and  six  retreated  to  the  fort ;  but  Higgins  stopped  to  "  have  another 
{Hill  at  the  red-skins,"  and.  taking  deliberate  aim  at  a  straggling  savage,  shot  him  down. 
Higgins'  horse  had  been  wounded  at  the  first  fire,  as  he  supposed,  mortally.  Coming  to, 
he  was  about  to  effect  his  escape,  when  the  familiar  voice  of  Burgess  hailed  him  from  the 
long  grass.  "  Tom,  don't  leave  me."  Higgins  told  him  to  come  along,  but  Burgess  re- 
plied that  his  leg  was  smashed.  Higgins  attempted  to  raise  him  on  his  horse,  but  the 
animal  took  fright  and  ran  away.  Higgins  then  directed  Burge.ss  to  limp  off  lus  well  as 
he  could  ;  and  by  crawling  through  the  gra.ss  he  reached  the  fort,  while  the  former  loaded 
his  gun  and  remained  lieiiind  to  protect  him  against  the  pursuing  enemy.  When  Burgess 
w.Hs  well  out  of  the  way,  Higgins  took  another  route,  whicli  led  by  asnuill  thicket,  to  throw 
any  wandering  enemy  off  the  trail.  Here  he  was  confronted  by  three  .><avages  approaching. 
He  ran  to  a  little  ravine  near  for  siielter,  but  in  the  effort  discovered  for  the  first  time 
that  he  was  badly  wounded  in  the  leg.  He  was  closely  pressed  by  the  largest,  a  powerful 
Indian,  who  lodged  a  ball  in  his  thigh.     He  fell,  but  instantly  rose  again,  only,  however, 


GENERAX  HISTORY   OF   ILLINOIS.  79 

to  draw  the  fire  of  the  other  two,  and  again  fell  wounded.  The  Indians  now  advanced 
upon  him  with  their  tomahawks  and  scalping  knives  ;  but  as  he  presented  his  gun  first  at 
one,  then  at  another,  from  his  place  in  the  ravine,  each  wavered  in  his  purpose.  Neither 
party  had  time  to  load,  and  the  large  Indian,  supposing  finally  that  Higgins'  gun  was 
empty,  rushed  forward  with  uplifted  tomaliawk  and  yell ;  but  as  he  came  near  enough,  was 
shot  down.  At  this  the  others  raised  the  war-whoop,  and  rushed  upon  the  wounded  Hig- 
gins, and  now  a  hand-to-hand  conflict  ensued.  They  darted  at  him  with  their  knives 
time  and  again,  inflicting  many  ghastly  flesh-wounds,  which  bled  profusely.  One  of  the 
assailants  threw  his  tomahawk  at  him  with  such  precision  as  to  sever  his  ear  and  lay  bare 
his  skull,  knocking  him  down.  They  now  rushed  in  on  him,  but  he  kicked  them  off,  and 
grasping  one  of  their  spears  thrust  at  him,  was  raised  up  by  it.  He  quickly  seized  his 
gun,  and  by  a  jjowerful  blow  crushed  in  the  skull  of  one,  but  broke  his  rifle.  His  re- 
maining antagonist  still  kept  up  the  contest,  making  thrusts  with  his  knife  at  the  bleed- 
ing and  exhausted  Higgins,  which  he  parried  with  his  broken  gun  as  well  as  he  could. 
Most  of  this  desperate  engagement  was  in  plain  view  of  the  fort ;  but  the  rangers,  having 
been  in  one  ambuscade,  saw  in  this  fight  only  a  ruse  to  draw  out  the  balance  of  the  gar- 
rison. But  a  Mrs.  Pursely,  residing  at  the  fort,  no  longer  able  to  see  so  brave  a  man 
contend  for  his  life  unaided,  seized  a  gun,  mounted  a  horse,  and  started  to  his  rescue. 
At  this  the  men  took  courage  and  hastened  along.  The  Indian,  seeing  aid  coming,  fled. 
Higgins,  being  nearly  hacked  to  pieces,  fainted  from  loss  of  blood.  He  was  carried  to 
the  fort.  There  being  no  surgeon,  his  comrades  cut  two  balls  from  his  flesh  ;  others  re- 
maining in.  For  days  his  life  was  despaired  of;  but  by  tender  nursing  he  ultimately  re- 
gained his  health,  although  badly  crippled.  He  resided  in  Fayette  county  for  many 
years  after,  and  died  in  1829. 


CHAPTER  II. 

FRENCH    OCCUPATION. 

Nicholas  Perrot — LaSalle's  Explorations  —  Indian  Against  Indian  —  Great  Battle  of  the  Illinois  —  Frenchmen 
Driven  Away  —  Inhuman  Butchery  —  Tonti  Safe  at  Green  Bay — LaSalle's  Return —  LaSalle's  Assassination  — 
First  Settlements  —  John  Law — Bubbles. 

The  first  white  man  who  ever  set  foot  on  the  soil  embraced  within  the  boundary  of 
the  present  populous  State  of  Illinois  was  Nicholas  Perrot,  a  Frenchman.  He  was  sent 
to  Chicago  in  the  year  1671  by  M.  Talon,  Intendant  of  Canada,  for  the  purpose  of 
inviting  the  Western  Indians  to  a  great  peace  convention  to  be  lield  at  Green  Bay. 
This  convention  had  for  its  chief  object  the  promulgation  of  a  plan  for  the  discovery  of 
the  Mississippi  river.  This  great  river  had  been  discovered  by  De  Soto,  the  Spanish 
explorer,  nearly  one  hundred  and  fifty  years  previously,  but  his  nation  left  the  country  a 
wilderness,  without  further  exploration  or  settlement  within  its  borders,  in  which  con- 
dition it  remained  until  the  river  was  discovered  by  Joliet  and  Marquette  in  1673.  It 
was  deemed  a  wise  policy  to  secure,  as  far  as  possible,  the  friendship  and  co-operation 
of  the  Indians,  far  and  near,  before  venturing  upon  an  enterprise  which  their  hostility 
might  render  disastrous.     Thus  the  great  convention  was  called. 

LASALLE'S    EXPLORATIONS. 

The  first  French  occupation  of  Illinois  was  effected  by  LaSalle,  in  1680.  Having 
constructed  a  vessel,  the  "  GriflBn,"  above  the  falls  of  Niagara,  he  sailed  to  Green  Bay,  and 


80  GEVERAL   HISTORY   OF  ILLINOIS. 

passed  thence  in  canoe  to  the  moutli  of  the  St.  Joseph  river,  by  which  and  the  Kankakee 
he  reached  the  Illinois  in  January,  16S0 ;  and  on  the  od  he  entered  the  expansion  of  the 
river  now  called  Peoria  lake.  Here,  at  the  lower  end  of  the  lake,  on  its  eastern  bank, 
now  in  Tazewell  county,  he  erected  Fort  Crevecoeur.  The  place  where  this  ancient 
fort  stood  may  still  be  seen  just  below  the  outlet  of  Peoria  lake.  It  had,  however,  but 
a  tenoporary  existence.  From  this  point  LaSalle  determined,  at  that  time,  to  descend 
the  Mississippi  to  its  mouth.  This  he  did  not  do,  however,  until  two  years  later.  Re- 
turning to  Fort  Frontenac  for  the  purpose  of  getting  material  with  whicli  to  rig  his 
vessel,  he  left  the  fort  at  Peoria  in  charge  of  his  lieutenant,  Henri  Tonti,  an  Italian,  who 
had  lost  one  of  his  hands  by  the  explosion  of  a  grenade  in  tiie  Sicilian  wai-s.  Tonti  had 
with  hira  fifteen  men,  most  of  wliom  disliked  LaSalle,  and  were  ripe  for  a  revolt  the  first 
opportunity.  Two  men  who  had,  previous  to  LaSalle's  departure,  been  sent  to  look  for 
the  "  GriflSn,"  now  returned  and  reported  that  the  vessel  was  lost,  and  that  Fort  Fronte- 
nac was  in  the  hands  of  LaSalle's  creditors.  This  disheartening  intelligence  had  the 
effect  to  enkindle  a  spirit  of  mutiny  among  the  garrison.  Tonti  had  no  sooner  left  the 
fort,  with  a  few  men,  to  fortify  what  was  afterward  known  as  Starved  Rock,  than  the 
garrison  at  the  fort  refused  longer  to  submit  to  authority.  They  destroyed  the  fort, 
seized  the  ammunition,  provisions,  and  other  portables  of  value,  and  fled.  Onl}'  two  of 
their  number  remained  true.  These  hastened  to  apprise  Tonti  of  what  had  occurred. 
He  thereupon  sent  four  of  the  men  with  him  to  inform  LaSalle.  Thus  was  Tonti  in  the 
midst  of  treacherous  savages,  with  onl}'  five  men,  two  of  whom  were  the  friars  Ribourde 
and  Membre.  With  these  he  immediately  returned  to  the  fort,  collected  what  tools  had 
not  been  destroyed,  and  conveyed  them  to  the  great  town  of  the  Illinois  Indians.  By 
this  voluntary  display  of  confidence  he  hoped  to  remove  the  jealousy  created  in  the 
minds  of  the  Illinois  by  the  enemies  of  LaSalle.  Here  he  awaited,  unmolested,  the 
return  of  LaSalle. 

GREAT    BATTLE  OF   THE    ILLINOIS. 

Neither  Tonti  nor  his  wild  associates  suspected  that  hordes  of  Iroquois  were  gather- 
ing preparatory  to  rushing  down  upon  their  country  and  reducing  it  to  an  uninluxbited 
waste.  Already  these  hell-liuunds  of  the  wilderness  had  destroyed  the  Hurons,  Fries, 
and  other  natives  of  the  lakes,  and  were  now  directing  their  attention  to  the  Illinois  for 
new  victims.  Five  hundred  Irotjuois  warriors  set  out  for  the  homes  of  the  Illinois.  All 
was  fancied  security  and  idle  repose  in  the  great  town  of  this  tribe,  as  the  enemy 
stealthily  approached.  Suddeidy  as  a  clap  of  thunder  from  a  cloudless  sky  the  listless 
inhabitants  were  awakened  from  their  letharg}-.  A  Shawnee  Indian,  on  Ids  return  home 
after  a  visit  to  the  Illinois,  first  discovered  the  invaders.  To  save  his  friends  from  the 
impending  danger,  he  hurriedly  returned  and  ajipriscd  them  of  the  coming  enemy.  This 
intelligence  spread  with  liglilning  rapidity  over  the  town,  and  t-aili  wigwam  disgorged 
its  boisterous  and  astounded  inmates.  Women  snatciied  their  children,  and  in  a  delirium 
of  fright  wandered  aimlessly  about,  rending  the  air  with  their  screams.  Tiie  men,  more 
self-possessed,  seized  their  arms  ready  for  the  coming  fray.  Tonti,  long  an  object  of 
suspicion,  was  soon  surrounded  by  an  angry  crowd  of  warriors,  who  ai'cu.-^ed  him  of 
being  an  emissary  of  the  enemy.  His  inability  to  defend  himself  properly,  in  conse- 
quence of  not  fully  understanding  their  language,  left  them  still  inclined  to  believe  him 
guilty,  and  they  seized  his  effects  from  the  fort  and  threw  them  into  the  river.  The 
women  and  children  were  sent  down  the  river  for  safety,  and  the  warriors,  not  exceeding 
four  hundred,  as  most  of  their  young  men  were  off  hunting,  returned  to  the  village. 
Along  the  shores  of  the  river  they  kindled  huge  bonfires,  and  spent  the  entire  night  in 
greasing  their  bodies,  jtaintiiig  their  faces,  and  performing  the  war -dance,  to  inejiare  for 
the  a[>pr<iai;liing  enemy.  At  early  dawn  the  scouts  who  had  iiecn  sent  out  returned, 
closely  followed  by  the  Iroquois.     The  scouts  had  seen  a  chief  arrayed  in  French  cos- 


GENERAL   HISTORY   OF  ILLINOIS.  81 

tume,  and  reported  their  suspicions  tliat  LaSalle  was  in  the  camp  of  the  enemy,  and 
Tonti  again  became  an  object  of  jealousy.  A  concourse  of  wildly  gesticulating  savages 
immediately  gathered  about  him,  demanding  his  life,  and  nothing  saved  him  from  their 
uplifted  weapons  but  a  promise  that  he  and  his  men  would  go  with  them  to  meet  the 
enemy.  With  their  suspicions  partly  lulled,  they  hurriedly  crossed  the  river  and  met  the 
foe,  when  both  commenced  firing.  Tonti,  seeing  that  the  Illinois  were  outnumbered  and 
likely  to  be  defeated,  determined,  at  the  imminent  risk  of  his  life,  to  stay  the  fight  by  an 
attempt  at  mediation.  Presuming  on  the  treaty  of  peace  then  existing  between  the 
French  and  Iroquois,  he  exchanged  his  gun  for  a  belt  of  wampum  and  advanced  to  meet 
the  savage  multitude,  attended  by  three  companions,  who,  being  unnecessarily  exposed 
to  danger,  were  dismissed,  and  he  proceeded  alone.  A  short  walk  brought  him  in  the 
midst  of  a  pack  of  yelping  devils,  writhing  and  distorted  with  fiendish  rage,  and  impa- 
tient to  shed  his  blood.  As  the  result  of  iiis  swarthy  Italian  complexion  and  half- savage 
costume,  he  was  at  first  taken  for  an  Indian,  and  before  the  mistake  was  discovered  a 
young  warrior  approached  and  stabbed  at  his  heart.  Fortunately  the  blade  was  turned 
aside  by  coming  in  contact  with  a  rib,  yet  a  large  flesh  wound  was  inflicted,  which  bled 
profuselj'.  At  this  juncture  a  chief  discovered  his  true  character,  and  he  was  led  to  the 
rear  and  efforts  were  made  to"  staunch  his  wound.  When  sufficiently  recovered,  he 
declared  the  Illinois  were  under  the  protection  of  the  French,  and  demanded,  in  consid- 
eration of  the  treaty  between  the  latter  and  the  Iroquois,  that  they  should  be  suffered  to 
remain  without  further  molestation.  During  this  conference  a  3'oung  warrior  snatched 
Tonti's  hat,  and,  fleeing  with  it  to  the  front,  held  it  aloft  on  the  end  of  his  gun  in  view 
of  the  Illinois.  The  latter,  judging  that  Tonti  had  been  killed,  renewed  the  fight  with 
great  vigor.  Simultaneously,  intelligence  was  brought  to  the  Iroquois  that  Frenchmen 
were  assisting  their  enemies  in  the  fight,  when  the  contest  over  Tonti  was  renewed  with 
redoubled  fury.  Some  declared  that  he  should  be  immediately  put  to  death,  while 
others,  friendly  to  LaSalle,  with  equal  earnestness  demanded  that  he  should  be  set  at 
liberty.  During  their  clamorous  debate,  his  hair  was  several  times  lifted  by  a  huge 
savage  who  stood  at  his  back  with  a  scalping  knife  ready  for  execution. 

Tonti  at  length  turned  the  current  of  the  angry  controversy  in  his  favor,  by  stating 
that  the  Illinois  were  1,"200  strong,  and  that  there  were  60  Frenchmen  at  the  village 
ready  to  assist  them.  This  statement  obtained  at  least  a  partial  credence,  and  his  tor- 
mentors now  determined  to  use  him  as  an  instrument  to  delude  the  Illinois  with  a  pre- 
tended truce.  The  old  warriors,  therefore,  advanced  to  the  front  and  ordered  the  firing 
to  cease,  while  Tonti,  dizzy  from  the  loss  of  blood,  was  furnished  with  an  emblem  of 
peace  and  sent  staggering  across  the  plain  to  rejoin  the  Illinois.  The  two  friars  who  had 
just  returned  from  a  distant  hut,  whither  they  had  repaired  for  praj'er  and  meditation, 
were  the  first  to  meet  him  and  bless  God  for  what  they  regarded  as  a  miraculous  deliver- 
ance. With  the  assurance  brought  by  Tonti,  the  Illinois  re-crossed  the  river  to  their 
lodges,  followed  by  the  enem}'  as  far  as  the  opposite  bank.  Not  long  after,  large  numbers 
of  the  latter,  under  the  pretext  of  liunting,  also  crossed  the  river  and  hung  in  threaten- 
ing groups  about  the  town.  These  hostile  indications,  and  the  well-known  disregard 
which  the  Iroquois  had  always  evinced  for  their  pledges,  soon  convinced  the  Illinois  that 
their  onlj'  safety  was  in  flight.  With  this  conviction  they  set  fire  to  their  village,  and 
while  the  vast  volume  of  flames  and  smoke  diverted  the  attention  of  the  enemy,  they 
quietly  dropped  down  the  river  to  join  their  women  and  children.  As  soon  as  the  flames 
would  permit,  the  Iroquois  entrenched  themselves  on  the  site  of  the  village.  Tonti  and 
his  men  were  ordered  by  the  suspicious  savages  to  leave  their  hut  and  take  up  their  abode 
in  the  fort. 

At  first  the  Iroquois  were  much  elated  at  the  discomfiture  of  tlie  Illinois,  but  when 
two  days  afterward  they  discovered  them  reconnoitering  their  intrenchments,  their  cour- 
age greatly  subsided.     With  fear  they  recalled  the  exaggerations  of  Tonti  respecting 


82  GENER.VL  niSTORY  OF  ILLINOIS. 

their  numbers,  and  concluded  to  send  Iiim  with  a  hostage  to  make  overtures  of  peace. 
He  and  liis  hosta<:je  were  received  witli  delight  Ijv  the  Illinois,  who  readily  assented  to 
the  proposal  which  he  l)rought,  and  in  turn  sent  back  with  him  a  hostage  to  the  Iroquois. 
On  his  return  to  tlie  fort  his  life  was  again  placed  in  jeopardy,  and  the  treat}'  was  with 
great  diflSculty  ratified.  Tiie  young  and  inexperienced  Illinois  hostage  betrayed  to  his 
crafty  interviewers  the  numerical  weakness  of  his  tribe,  and  the  savages  immediately 
rushed  upon  Tonti,  and  charged  him  with  having  deprived  them  of  the  spoils  and  honors 
of  victory.  It  now  required  all  the  tact  of  wliich  he  was  master  to  escape.  After  much 
diflSculty,  however,  the  treaty  w<vs  concluded,  but  the  savages,  to  show  their  contempt 
for  it,  immediately  commenced  constructing  canoes  in  which  to  descend  the  river  and 
attack  the  Illinois. 

FRENCHMEN    DRn'EN    AWAY. 

Tonti  managed  to  apprise  the  latter  of  their  designs,  and  he  and  Membre  were  soon 
after  summoned  to  attend  a  council  of  the  Iroquois,  who  still  labored  under  a  wholesome 
fear  of  Count  Frontenac,  and  disliking  to  attack  the  Illinois  in  the  presence  of  the 
French,  they  thought  to  try  to  induce  them  to  leave  the' country.  At  the  assembling  of 
the  council,  six  packages  of  beaver  skins  were  introduced,  and  the  savage  orator,  present- 
ing them  separately  to  Tonti,  explained  the  nature  of  each.  "The  fii-st  two,"  said  he, 
"  were  to  declare  that  the  children  of  Count  Frontenac,  that  is,  the  Illinois,  should  not 
be  eaten  ;  tlie  next  was  a  plaster  to  heal  the  wounds  of  Tonti ;  the  next  was  oil  where- 
with to  anoint  him  and  Membre,  that  they  might  not  be  fatigued  in  traveling  ;  the  next 
proclaimed  that  the  sun  was  bright ;  and  the  sixth  and  last  required  them  to  decamp  and 
go  home." 

At  the  mention  of  going  home,  Tonti  demanded  of  them  when  they  intended  to  set 
the  exami)le  by  leaving  the  Illinois  in  the  peaceable  possession  of  their  country,  wliich 
they  had  so  unjustly  invaded.  The  council  grew  boisterous  and  angry  at  the  idea  that 
they  should  be  demanded  to  do  what  they  required  of  the  French,  and  some  of  its  mem- 
bers, forgetting  their  previous  pledge,  declared  that  the}'  would  "  eat  Illinois  flesh  before 
they  departed."  Tonti,  in  imitation  of  the  Indians'  manner  of  expressing  scorn,  indig- 
nantly kicked  away  the  presents  of  fur,  saying,  since  they  intended  to  devour  the  chil- 
dren of  Frontenac  with  cannibal  ferocity,  he  would  not  accept  their  gifts.  This  stern 
rebuke  resulted  in  tlie  expulsion  of  Tonti  and  his  companion  from  the  council,  and  tiie 
next  day  the  chiefs  ordered  them  to  leave  the  country. 

Tonti  had  now,  at  the  great  peril  of  his  life,  tried  every  expedient  to  prevent  the 
slaughter  of  the  Illinois.  There  was  little  to  be  accomplished  by  longer  remaining  in 
tlic  country,  and  as  longer  delay  niiglit  iini)eril  the  lives  of  his  own  men,  he  determined 
to  depart,  not  knowing  where  or  when  he  would  be  able  to  rejoin  LaSalle.  With  this 
object  in  view,  the  party,  consisting  of  six  j)ersons,  embarked  in  canoes,  which  soon 
proved  leaky,  and  they  were  compelled  to  land  for  the  purpose  of  making  repairs.  While 
tlius  employed.  Father  Riiiourde  attracted  by  the  beauty  of  the  surrounding  landscape, 
wandered  forth  among  tlie  groves  for  meditation  and  prayer.  Not  returning  in  due  time, 
Tonti  l)ecame  alarmed,  and  started  with  a  coiiipanioii  to  ascertain  tlio  cause  of  the  long 
deliiy.  They  soon  discovered  tracks  of  Indians,  liy  whom  it  was  supposed  he  iiad  been 
seized,  and  guns  were  fired  to  direct  his  return,  in  case  he  was  alive.  Seeing  nothing  of 
liim  during  the  day,  at  night  they  built  fires  along  the  bank  of  the  river  and  retired  to 
the  opposite  side,  to  see  who  might  approach  them.  Near  midnight  a  number  of  Indians 
were  seen  flitting  about  the  light,  by  whom,  no  doubt,  had  been  made  the  tracks  seen 
the  previous  day.  It  was  afterward  learned  that  they  were  a  bainl  of  Kiekajioos,  who 
had  for  several  days  been  hovering  about  the  camp  of  the  Iroquois  in  (juest  of  scalps. 
They  had  fell  in  with  the  inoffensive  old  friar  and  scalped  him.     Thus,  in  the  65th  year 


GENERAL  HISTORY   OF  ILLINOIS. 


83 


AN   IROQUOIS  CHIEF. 


84  GENEILVL   HISTORY   OF   ILLIXOIS. 

of  his  age,  the  only  heir  to  a  wealthy  Burgiindian  house  perished  under  the  war-club  of 
the  savages  for  whose  salvation  he  had  renounced  ease  and  affluence. 

INHUMAN   BUTCHERY. 

During  this  tragedj-  a  far  more  revolting  one  was  being  enacted  in  the  great  town  of 
Illinois.  The  Iroquois  were  tearing  ojien  the  graves  of  the  dead,  and  wreaking  their 
vengeance  upon  the  bodies  made  liideous  by  putrefaction.  At  this  desecration,  it  is  said, 
tiiey  even  ate  portions  of  the  dead  bodies,  while  subjecting  them  to  every  indignity  that 
brutal  hate  could  inflict.  Still  unsated  by  their  hellish  brutalities,  and  now  unrestrained 
by  the  presence  of  the  French,  tiiej"  started  in  pursuit  of  the  retreating  Illinois.  Day 
after  day  they  and  the  opposing  forces  moved  in  compact  array  down  the  river,  neither 
being  able  to  gain  any  advantage  over  the  other.  At  length  the  Iroquois  obtained  by 
falsehood  that  which  number  and  prowess  denied  them.  They  gave  out  that  their  object 
was  to  possess  the  country,  not  by  destroying,  but  In'  driving  out  its  present  inhabitants. 
Deceived  Ijy  this  false  statement,  the  Illinois  separated,  some  descending  tlie  Mississippi 
and  others  crossing  to  the  western  shore.  The  Tamaroas,  more  credulous  than  the  rest, 
remained  near  the  mouth  of  the  Illinois,  and  were  suddenly  attacked  by  an  overwhelm- 
ing force  of  the  enemy.  The  men  fled  in  dismay,  and  the  women  and  ciiildren,  to  the 
number  of  700,  fell  into  the  hands  of  the  ferocious  enemy.  Tiien  followed  the  tortures, 
butclieries  and  burnings  which  only  tiie  infuriated  and  imbruted  Iroquois  could  perpetrate. 
LaSalle  on  his  return  discovered  the  half-charred  bodies  of  women  and  children  still 
bouncf  to  the  stakes  where  thej'  had  suffered  all  the  torments  hellish  hate  could  devise. 
In  addition  to  those  who  had  been  burnt,  the  mangled  bodies  of  women  and  children 
thickly  covered  the  ground,  many  of  which  bore  marks  of  brutality  too  horrid  for  record. 

After  the  ravenous  horde  had  sufficiently  glutted  their  greed  for  carnage,  they  re- 
tired from  the  country.     The^Illinois  returned  and  rebuilt  their  town. 

TONTI    SAFE  AT  GREEN    BAY. 

After  the  death  of  Ribourde,  Tonti  and  his  men  again  resumed  their  journe}-.  Soon 
again  their  craft  became  disabled,  when  they  abandoned  it  and  started  on  foot  for  Lake 
Michigan.  Their  sujiply  of  provisions  soon  became  exhausted,  and  tiiey  were  compelled 
to  subsist  in  a  great  measure  on  roots  and  herbs,  (^ne  of  their  comi)anion  wandered  off 
in  search  of  game,  and  lost  his  way,  and  several  days  elapsed  before  iie  rejoined  them. 
In  his  absence  he  was  williout  flints  and  bullets,  yet  contiived  to  shoot  some  turkej's  by 
using  slugs  cut  from  a  pewter  porringer  and  a  iirebrand  to  discharge  his  gun.  Tonti  fell 
sick  of  a  fever  and  greatly  retarded  the  progress  of  tlie  march.  Nearing  Green  Bay,  the 
cold  increased  and  tlie  means  of  subsistence  decreased  and  tiie  party  would  have  ]ierisiied 
liad  they  not  found  a  few  ears  of  corn  and  some  frozen  squashes  in  tiie  fields  of  a  ilescrted 
village.  Near  the  close  of  Novemlier  tiiey  had  readied  the  Pottawatoniies,  who  warmly 
greeted  them.  Tlieir  chief  was  an  ardent  admirer  of  the  French,  ami  was  accustomed  to 
say:  "  There  were  but  three  great  captains  in  the  world, — liimself,  Tonti  and  LaSalle." 
For  the  above  account  of  Tonti's  encounter  with  the  Iroquois,  we  are  indebted  to  David- 
son and  Stuve's  History  of  Illinois. 

LA  SALLE's  return. 

LaSalle  returned  to  Peoria  only  to  meet  the  hideous  picture  of  devastation.  Tonti 
had  escaped,  iiut  I^aSalle  knew  not  whither.  Passing  down  the  lake  in  search  of  him 
and  his  men,  LaSalle  discovered  that  the  fort  had  been  destroyed;  but  the  vessel  which 
he  iiad  partly  constructed  was  slill  on  tiie  stocks,  and  but  slightly  injured.  After  further 
fruitless  search  lie  fastened  to  a  tree  a  painting  represeiiliiig  liimself  and  party  sitting  in 
a  canoe  and  bearing  a  pipe  of  peace,  and  to  the  painting  attached  a  letter  addressed  to 
Tonti. 


GENERAL  HISTORY  OP  ILLINOIS.  85 

LaSalle  was  born  in  France  in  1643,  of  wealthy  parentage,  and  educated  in  a  college 
of  the  Jesuits,  from  which  he  separated  and  came  to  Canada,  a  poor  man.  in  1666.  He 
was  a  man  of  daring  genius,  and  outstripped  all  his  competitors  in  exploits  and  travel 
and  commerce  with  the  Indians.  He  was  granted  a  large  tract  of  land  at  LaCiiine, 
where  he  established  himself  in  the  fur  trade.  In  1669  he  visited  the  headquarters  of  the 
great  Ii'oquois  confederacy,  at  Onondaga,  New  York,  and,  obtaining  guides,  explored  the 
Ohio  river  to  the  falls  at  Louisville.  For  many  years  previous,  it  must  be  remembered, 
missionaries  and  traders  were  obliged  to  make  their  way  to  the  Nortiiwest  tlirough 
Canada  on  account  of  the  fierce  hostility  of  the  Iroquois  along  the  lower  lakes  of  Niagara 
river,  which  entirely  closed  this  latter  route  to  the  upper  lakes.  They  carried  on  their 
commerce  chiefly  by  canoes,  paddling  them  through  Ottawa  river  to  Lake  Nipissing,  car- 
rying them  across  the  portage  to  French  river,  and  descending  that  to  Lake  Huron. 
This  being  the  route  by  which  they  reached  the  Northwest,  we  have  an  explanation  of 
the  fact  that  all  the  earliest  Jesuit  missions  were  established  in  the  neighborhood  of  the 
upper  lakes.  LaSalle  conceived  the  grand  idea  of  opening  the  route  by  Niagara  river  and 
the  lower  lakes  to  Canada  commerce  by  sail  vessels,  connecting  it  with  tlie  navigation  of 
the  Mississippi,  and  thus  opening  a  magnificent  water  communication  from  the  Gulf  of 
St.  Lawrence  to  the  Gulf  of  Mexico.  This  truly  grand  and  comprehensive  purpose  seems 
to  have  animated  him  in  liis  wonderful  achievements,  and  the  matchless  difficulties  and 
hardships  he  surmounted.  As  tlie  first  step  in  the  accomplisliment  of  this  object  he 
established  himself  on  Lake  Ontario,  and  built  and  garrisoned  Fort  Frontenac,  the  site  of 
the  present  city  of  Kingston,  Canada.  Here  he  obtained  a  grant  of  land  from  the  French 
crown,  and  a  body  of  troops,  by  which  he  repulsed  the  Iroquois  and  opened  passage  to 
Niagara  Falls.  Having  by  this  masterly  stroke  made  it  safe  to  attemjjt  a  hitherto  un- 
tried expedition,  his  next  step,  as  we  have  seen,  was  to  build  a  ship  with  which  to  sail 
the  lakes.  He  was  successful  in  this  undertaking,  though  his  ultimate  purpose  was  de- 
feated by  a  strange  combination  of  untoward  circumstances.  The  Jesuits  evidently 
hated  LaSalle  and  platted  against  him,  because  he  had  abandoned  them  and  united  with 
a  rival  order.  The  fur  traders  were  also  jealous  of  his  success  in  opening  new  channels 
of  commerce.  While  they  were  plodding  with  their  bark  canoes  through  the  Ottawa,  he 
was  constructing  sailing  vessels  to  command  the  trade  of  the  lakes  and  the  Mississippi. 
These  great  plans  excited  the  jealousy  and  envy  of  small  traders,  introduced  treason  and 
revolt  into  the  ranks  of  his  men,  and  finally  led  to  the  foul  assassination  by  which  his 
great  achievements  were  permanently  ended. 

LA  SALLB's   assassination. 

Again  visiting  the  Illinois  in  the  year  1682,  LaSalle  descended  the  Mississippi  to 
the  Gulf  of  Mexico.  He  erected  a  standard  upon  which  he  inscribed  the  arms  of  France, 
and  took  formal  possession  of  the  whole  valley  of  this  mighty  river  in  the  name  of  Louis 
XIV.,  then  reigning,  and  in  honor  of  whom  he  named  the  country  Louisiana.  LaSalle 
then  returned  to  France,  was  appointed  Governor,  and  returned  with  a  fleet  of  immi- 
grants for  the  purpose  of  planting  a  colony  in  Illinois.  They  arrived  in  due  time  in  the 
Gulf  of  Mexico,  but  failing  to  find  the  moutli  of  the  Mississippi,  up  which  tliey  intended 
to  sail,  his  supply  ship,  with  the  immigrants,  was  driven  ashore  and  wrecked  on 
Matagorda  Bay.  With  the  fragments  of  the  vessel  he  constructed  rude  huts  and  stock- 
ades on  the  shore  for  the  protection  of  his  followers,  calling  the  post  Fort  St.  Louis.  He 
then  made  a  trip  into  New  Mexico  in  search  of  silver  mines,  but,  meeting  with  disajj- 
pointment,  returned  to  find  his  colony  reduced  to  forty  souls.  He  then  resolved  to  travel 
on  foot  to  Illinois.  With  some  twenty  of  bis  men  they  filed  out  of  their  fort  on  the  12th 
of  January,  1687,  and,  after  the  parting — which  was  one  of  sighs,  of  tears,  and  of  em- 
braces, all  seeming  intuitively  to  know  that  they  should  see  each  other  no  more — they 
started  on  their  disastrous  journey.     Two  of  the  party,  Du  Haut  and  Leotot,  when  on  a 


86  OEXERAL  HISTORY  OF  ILLINOIS. 

hunting  expedition  in  company  witli  a  nephew  of  LaSalle,  assassinated  him  while  asleep. 
The  long  absence  of  his  nephew  caused  LaSalle  to  go  in  search  of  him.  On  approaching 
the  murderers  of  his  nephew,  thej^  fired  upon  him.  killing  him  instantly.  They  then 
despoiled  Ihe  body  of  its  clothing,  and  left  it  to  be  devoured  by  the  wild  beasts  of  the 
forest.  Thus,  at  the  age  of  43,  perished  one  whose  exploits  have  so  greatly  enriched  the 
history  of  tlie  New  World.  To  estimate  aright  the  marvels  of  his  patient  fortitude,  one 
must  follow  on  his  track  through  the  vast  scene  of  his  interminable  journeyings,  those 
thousands  of  weary  miles  of  forest,  marsh,  and  river,  where,  again  and  again,  in  the  bit- 
terness of  baffled  striving,  the  untiring  pilgrim  pushed  onward  toward  the  goal  he  never 
wa.'^  to  attain.  America  owes  him  an  enduring  memorj-;  for  in  this  masculine  figure,  cast 
in  iron,  she  sees  the  heroic  pioneer  who  guided  her  to  the  possession  of  her  richest 
heritage. 

Tonti,  who  had  been  stationed  at  the  fort  on  the  Illinois,  learning  of  LaSalle's  un- 
successful voyage,  immediately  started  down  the  Mississippi  to  his  relief.  Reaching  the 
Gulf,  he  found  no  traces  of  the  colony.  He  then  returned,  leaving  some  of  his  men  at  the 
mouth  of  the  Arkansas.  Tliese  were  discovered  by  the  remnant  of  LaSalle's  followers, 
who  guided  them  to  the  fort  on  tlie  Illinois,  where  they  reported  tliat  LaSalle  was  in 
Mexico.  The  little  band  left  at  Fort  St.  Louis  were  finally  destroyed  by  tlie  Indians, 
and  the  murderers  of  LaSalle  were  shot.  Thus  ends  the  sad  chapter  of  Robert  Cavalier 
de  LaSalle's  exploration. 

FIRST  SErrLEMENT. 

The  first  mission  in  Illinois,  as  we  have  already  seen,  was  commenced  by  Marquette  in 
April,  1675.  He  called  the  religious  society  wliich  he  established  the  "  Mission  of  the 
Immaculate  Conception,"  and  the  town  of  Kaskaskia.  The  first  military  occupation  of 
tlie  country  was  at  Fort  Crevecceur,  erected  in  1680 ;  but  there  is  no  evidence  that  a  set- 
tlement was  commenced  tliere.  or  at  Peoria,  on  the  lake  above,  at  that  early  date.  The 
first  settlement  of  which  there  is  any  authentic  account  was  commenced  with  the  build- 
ing of  Fort  St.  Louis  on  the  Illinois  river  in  1682 ;  but  this  was  soon  abandoned.  The 
oldest  permanent  settlement,  not  only  in  Illinois,  but  in  the  valley  of  the  Mississippi,  is 
at  Kaskaskia,  situated  six  miles  above  the  mouth  of  the  Kaskaskia  river.  This  was 
settled  in  1690  by  the  removal  of  the  mission  from  old  Kaskaskia,  or  Ft.  St.  Louis,  on  the 
Illinois  river.  Caliokia  was  settled  about  tlie  same  time.  Tlie  reason  for  the  removal  of 
the  old  Kaskaskia  settlement  and  mission,  was  probably  because  the  dangerous  and  diffi- 
cult route  by  Lake  Michigan  and  tlie  Ciiicago  portage  had  been  almost  abandoned,  and 
travelers  and  traders  traveled  down  and  up  the  Mississipjii  by  the  Fox  and  Wisconsin 
rivers.  It  was  removed  to  the  vicinity  of  the  Mississippi  in  order  to  be  in  the  line  of 
travel  from  Canada  to  Louisiana,  that  is,  the  lower  part  of  it,  for  it  was  all  Louisiana 
tlien  south  of  the  lakes.  Illinois  came  into  possession  of  the  French  in  1682,  and  was  a 
dependency  of  Canada  and  a  part  of  Louisiana.  During  the  period  of  French  rule  in 
Louisiana,  the  ijojuilation  probably  never  exceeded  ten  tiiousand.  To  the  year  1730  the 
following  five  distinct  settlements  were  made  in  the  territory  of  Illinois,  numbering,  in 
pf)pulation,  140  French  families,  about  600  "converted"  Indians,  and  many  traders; 
Cahokia,  near  the  mouth  of  Cahokia  creek  and  about  five  miles  below  the  present  city  of 
St.  Louis;  St.  Philip,  about  forty-five  miles  below  Cahokia;  Fort  Cliartres,  twelve  miles 
above  Kaskaskia  ;  Kaskaskia,  situated  on  the  Kaskaskia  river  six  miles  above  its  con- 
fluence with  the  Mississippi,  and  Prairie  dii  llochcr,  near  Fort  Cliartres.  Fort  Cliartres 
was  build  under  the  direction  of  the  Mississippi  Company  in  1718,  and  was  for  a  time  the 
headfpiarters  of  the  military  commandants  of  the  district  of  Illinois,  and  the  most  im- 
pregnable fortress  in  North  America.  It  was  also  the  center  of  wt';ilth  and  fashion  in  the 
West.  Fin-  about  eighty  years  the  French  retained  peaceable  possession  of  Illinois. 
Their  amiable  disposition  and  tact  of  ingratiating  themselves  with  the  Indians  enabled 


GENERAL  HISTORY   OF  ILLINOIS.  87 

them  to  escape  almost  entirely  the  broils  which  weakened  and  destroyed  other  colonies. 
Whether  exploring  remote  rivers  or  traversing  hunting  grounds  in  pursuit  of  game,  in 
the  social  circle  or  as  participants  in  the  religious  exercises  of  the  church,  the  red  men 
became  their  associates  and  were  treated  with  the  kindness  and  consideration  of  brothers. 
For  more  than  a  hundred  years  peace  between  the  white  man  and  the  red  was  unbroken, 
and  when  at  last  this  reign  of  harmony  terminated  it  was  not  caused  by  the  conciliatory 
Frenchman,  but  by  the  blunt  and  sturdy  Anglo-Saxon.  During  this  century,  or  until 
the  country  was  occupied  by  the  English,  no  regular  court  was  ever  held.  When,  in 
1765,  the  country  passed  into  the  liands  of  the  English,  many  of  the  French,  rather  than 
submit  to  a  change  in  their  institutions,  preferred  to  leave  their  homes  and  seek  a  new 
abode.  There  are,  however,  at  the  present  time  a  few  remnants  of  the  old  French  stock 
in  the  State,  who  still  retain  to  a  great  extent  the  ancient  habits  and  customs  of  their 
fathers. 

The  first  settlement  by  Americans  was  made  by  a  few  families  from  Virginia,  who 
founded  a  small  colony  near  Bellefontaine,  in  Monroe  county,  in  178-1. 

THE   MISSISSIPPI   COMPANY. 

During  the  earliest  period  of  French  occupation  of  this  country,  M.  Tonti,  LaSalle's 
attendant,  was  commander-in-chief  of  all  the  territory  embraced  between  Canada  and 
the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  and  extending  east  and  west  of  the  Mississippi  as  far  as  his  ambi- 
tion or  imagination  pleased  to  allow.  He  spent  twenty-one  years  in  establishing  forts 
and  organizing  the  first  settlements  of  Illinois.  September  14,  1712,  the  French  govern- 
ment granted  a  monopoly  of  all  the  trade  and  commerce  of  the  country  to  M.  Crozat,  a 
wealthy  merchant  of  Paris,  who  established  a  trading  company  in  Illinois,  and  it  was  by 
this  means  that  the  early  settlements  became  permanent  and  others  established.  Crozat 
surrendered  his  charter  in  1717,  and  tlie  Company  of  the  West,  better  known  as  the 
Mississippi  Comiaany,  was  organized,  to  aid  and  assist  the  banking  system  of  John  Law, 
the  most  famous  speculator  of  modern  times,  and  perhaps  at  one  time  the  wealthiest  pri- 
vate individual  the  world  has  ever  known  ;  but  his  treasure  was  transitory.  Under  the 
Companj^  of  the  West  a  branch  was  organized  called  the  Comjmny  of  St.  Philip's,  for 
the  purpose  of  working  the  rich  silver  mines  supposed  to  be  in  Illinois,  and  Philip  Ren- 
ault was  appointed  as  its  agent.  In  1719  he  sailed  from  France  with  two  hundred 
miners,  laborers  and  mechanics.  During  1719  the  Company  of  the  West  was  by  royal 
order  united  with  the  Royal  Company  of  the  Indies,  and  had  the  influence  and  support 
of  the  crown,  who  was  deluded  by  the  belief  that  immense  wealth  would  flow  into  the 
empty  treasury  of  France.  This  gigantic  scheme,  one  of  the  most  extensive  and  won- 
derful bubbles  ever  blown  up  to  astonish,  deceive  and  ruin  thousands  of  people,  was  set 
in  operation  by  the  fertile  brain  of  John  Law.  Law  was  born  in  Scotland  in  1671,  and 
so  rapid  had  been  his  career  that  at  the  age  of  twenty-three  he  was  a  "bankrupt,  an 
adulterer,  a  murderer  and  an  exiled  outlaw."  But  he  possessed  great  financial  ability, 
and  by  liis  agreeable  and  attractive  manners,  and  his  enthusiastic  advocacy  of  his  schemes, 
he  succeeded  in  inflaming  the  imagination  of  the  mercurial  Frenchmen,  whose  greed  for 
gain  led  them  to  adopt  any  plans  for  obtaining  wealth. 

Law  arrived  in  Paris  with  two  and  a  half  millions  of  francs,  which  he  had  gained  at 
the  gambling  table,  just  at  the  right  time.  Louis  XIV.  had  just  died  and  left  as  a  legacy 
empty  coffers  and  an  immense  public  debt.  Every  thing  and  every  body  was  taxed  to 
the  last  penny  to  pay  even  the  interest.  All  the  sources  of  industry  were  dried  up  ;  the 
very  wind  which  wafted  the  barks  of  commerce  seemed  to  have  died  away  under  the 
pressure  of  the  time  ;  trade  stood  still ;  the  merchant,  the  trader,  the  artificer,  once  flour- 
ishing in  affluence,  were  transformed  into  clamorous  beggars.  The  life-blood  that  ani- 
mated the  kingdom  was  stagnated  in  all  its  arteries,  and  the  danger  of  an  awful  crisis 
became  such  that  the  nation  was  on  the  verge  of  bankruptcy.     At  this  critical  juncture 


88  GEXERAL  HISTORY  OF  ILLINOIS. 

John  Law  arrived  and  proposed  his  grand  scheme  of  the  Mississippi  Company ;  200,000 
shares  of  stock  at  500  livres  each  were  at  first  issued.  This  sold  readily  and  great  profits 
were  realized.  More  stock  was  issued,  speculation  became  rife,  the  fever  seized  every 
body,  and  the  wildest  speculatin;^  frenzy  pervaded  the  whole  nation.  Illinois  was  thought 
to  contain  vast  and  rich  mines  of  minerals.  Kaskaskia,  then  scal-cely  more  than  the  set- 
tlement of  a  few  savages,  was  spoken  of  as  an  emporium  of  the  most  extensive  traflBc, 
and  as  rivaling  some  of  the  cities  of  Europe  in  refinement,  fashion  and  religious  culture. 
Law  was  in  the  zenith  ot  his  glory,  and  the  people  in  the  zenith  of  their  infatuation.  The 
high  and  the  low,  the  rich  and  the  poor,  were  at  once  filled  with  visions  of  untold  wealth, 
and  every  age,  set,  rank  and  condition  were  buying  and  selling  stocks.  Law  issued  stock 
again  and  again,  and  readily  sold  until  2,235,000,000  livres  were  in  circulation,  equaling 
about  8450,000,000.  While  confidence  lasted  an  impetus  wa.s given  to  trade  never  before 
known.  An  illusory  policy  everywhere  prevailed,  and  so  dazzled  the  eye  that  none  could 
see  in  the  horizon  the  dark  cloud  announcing  the  approaching  storm.  Law  at  the  time 
was  the  most  influential  man  in  Europe.  His  house  was  beset  from  morning  till  night 
with  eager  applicants  for  stock.  Dukes,  marquises  and  counts,  with  their  wives  and 
daughters,  waited  for  hours  in  the  street  below  his  door.  Finding  his  residence  too  small, 
he  changed  it  for  the  Place  Vendome,  whither  the  crowd  followed  him,  and  the  spacious 
square  had  the  appearance  of  a  public  market.  The  boulevards  and  public  gardens  were 
forsaken,  and  the  Place  Vendome  became  the  most  fashionable  place  in  Paris  ;  and  he  was 
unable  to  wait  upon  even  one-tenth  part  of  his  applicants.  The  bubble  burst  after  a  few 
years,  scattering  ruin  and  distress  in  every  direction.  Law,  a  short  time  previous  the 
most  popular  man  in  Europe,  fled  to  Brussels,  and  in  1729  died  in  Venice,  in  obscurity 
and  poverty. 


GHAPTEK  HI. 

ENGLISH  RULE. 

First  Throes  of  the  American  Revolution  —  More  About  Gen.  Clark  —  His  Cillant  Exploits — He  Captures 
Kaskaskia  and  Vincennes  —  The  County  of  Illinois  Established  —  Patrick  Henry  —  John  Todd  —  A  Civil 
Government  Provided. 

As  early  as  1750  there  could  be  perceived  the  first  throes  of  the  revolution,  which 
gave  a  new  master  anil  new  institutions  to  Illinois.  Franco  claimed  the  whole  valley  of 
the  Mississip])i,  and  England  the  right  to  extend  her  possessions  westward  as  far  as 
she  mieht  desire.  Through  colonial  controversies  the  two  mother  countries  were  precip- 
itated into  a  blood)-  war  within  the  Northwestern  Territory,  George  Washington  firing 
the  first  gun  of  the  military  struggle  which  resulted  in  the  overthrow  of  the  French  not 
only  in  Illinois  but  in  North  America.  The  Frencli  evinced  a  determination  to  retain 
control  of  the  territory  bordering  the  Ohio  and  Mississippi  from  C'anada  to  the  Gulf,  and 
80  long  as  the  English  colonies  were  confined  to  the  sea-coast  there  was  little  reason  for 
controversy.  As  the  English,  however,  became  acquainted  with  this  beautiful  and  fertile 
portion  of  our  country,  they  not  only  learned  the  value  of  the  vast  territory,  but  also  re- 
solved to  set  up  a  counter  claim  to  the  soil.  The  French  established  numerous  military  and 
trading  juists  fnmi  the  frontiers  of  Canada  to  New  Orleans,  and  in  older  to  establish  also 
their  claims  to  jnrisili(;tion  over  the  country  they  carved  the  lilies  of  France  on  the  forest 
trees,  or  sunk  plates  of  metal  in  the  ground.  These  measures  ditl  not,  however,  deter 
the  English  from  going  on  with  their  explorations  ;  and  though  neither  party  resorted  to 


GENERAL   HISTORY   OP   ILLINOIS.  89 

arras,  yet  the  conflict  was  gathering,  and  it  was  only  a  question  of  time  when  the  storm 
should  burst  upon  the  frontier  settlement.  The  French  based  their  claims  upon  discov- 
eries, the  English  on  grants  of  territory  extending  from  ocean  to  ocean,  but  neither  party 
paid  the  least  attention  to  tlie  prior  claims  of  the  Indians.  From  this  position  of  affairs, 
it  was  evident  tiiat  actual  collision  between  the  contending  parties  would  not  much  longer 
be  deferred.  The  English  Government,  in  anticipation  of  a  war,  urged  the  Governor  of 
Virginia  to  lose  no  time  in  building  two  forts,  which  were  equipped  by  arms  from 
England.  The  French  anticipated  the  English  and  gathered  a  considerable  force  to  de- 
tend  their  possessions.  The  Governor  determined  to  send  a  messenger  to  the  nearest 
French  post  and  demand  an  explanation.  This  resolution  of  the  Governor  brought  into 
tlie  history  of  our  country  for  the  first  time  the  man  of  all  others  whom  America  most 
loves  to  honor,  namely,  George  Washington.  He  was  chosen,  although  not  yet  twentj'- 
one  years  of  age,  as  the  one  to  perform  this  delicate  and  difficult  mission.  With  five 
companions  he  set  out  on  Nov.  10,  1753,  and  after  a  perilous  journey  returned  Jan.  6, 
1754.     The  struggle  commenced  and  continued  long,  and  was  bloody  and  fierce  ;  but  on 


GEX.  GEORGE  ROGERS  CLARK. 

the  10th  of  October,  1705,  the  ensign  of  France  was  replaced  on  the  ramparts  of  Fort 
Cliartres  by  the  flag  of  Great  Britain.  This  fort  was  the  depot  of  supplies  and  the  jalace 
of  rendezvous  for  the  united  forces  of  the  French.  At  this  time  the  colonies  of  the 
Atlantic  seaboard  were  assembled  in  preliminary  congress  at  New  York,  dreaming  of  lib- 
erty and  independence  for  the  continent ;  and  Washington,  who  led  the  expedition 
against  the  French  for  the  English  king,  in  less  than  ten  years  was  commanding  the 
forces  opposed  to  the  English  tyrant.  Illinois,  besides  being  constructively  a  part  of 
Florida  for  over  one  hundred  years,  during  which  time  no  Spaniard  set  foot  upon  her 
soil  or  rested  his  eyes  upon  her  beautiful  plains,  for  nearly  ninety  years  had  been  in  tlie 
actual  occupation  of  the  French,  their  puny  settlements  slumbering  quietly  in  colonial 
dependence  on  the  distant  waters  of  the  Kaskaskia,  Illinois  and  Wabash. 

GEN.  Clark's  exploits  and  successes. 

The  Northwest  Territory  was  now  entirely  under  English  rule,  and  on  the  breaking 
out  of  the  Revolutionary  war  the  British  held  every  post  of  importance  in  the  West. 
While   the  colonists  of  tlie  East  were  maintaining  a  fierce  struggle  with   the  armies  of 


90  GENERAL  HIRTOHY   OK   ILLIXOIS. 

England,  their  western  frontiers  were  ravaged  by  merciless  butcheries  of  Indian  warfare. 
The  jealousy  of  the  savage  was  aroused  to  action  \>y  the  rapid  extension  of  American 
settlement  westward  and  tlu-  imiiroper  influence  exerted  Ijy  a  nunil)er  of  military  posts 
garrisoned  by  Britisli  troops.  To  prevent  indiscriminate  slaughters  arising  from  these 
causes,  Illinois  became  the  theater  of  some  of  the  most  daring  exploits  connected  with 
American  history.  The  hero  of  the  achievements  by  which  this  beautiful  land  was 
snatched  as  a  gem  from  the  British  crown,  was  George  Rogers  Clark,  of  Virginia.  He 
had  closely  watched  the  movements  of  tlie  British  throughout  the  Northwest,  and  under- 
stood their  whole  plan  ;  he  also  knew  the  Indians  were  not  unanimously  in  accord  with 
the  English,  and  therefore  was  convinced  that  if  the  British  could  be  defeated  and  ex- 
pelled from  the  Northwest,  the  natives  might  be  easily  awed  into  neutrality.  Having 
convinced  himself  that  the  enterprise  against  the  Illinois  settlement  might  ciisily  succeed, 
he  repaired  to  the  capital  of  Virginia,  arriving  November  .5,  1777.  WJiile  he  was  on  his 
way,  fortunately,  Burgo\-ne  was  defeated  (October  17),  and  the  spirits  of  the  colonists 
were  thereby  greatly  encouraged.  Patrick  Henry  was  Governor  of  Virginia,  and  at  once 
entered  heartily  into  Clark's  plans.  After  satisfying  tiie  Virginia  leaders  of  the  feasil)ility 
of  his  project,  he  received  two  sets  of  instructions — one  secret,  the  other  open.  The 
latter  authorized  him  to  enlist  seven  companies  to  go  to  Kentucky,  and  serve  three  months 
after  their  arrival  in  the  West.  The  secret  order  authorized  liini  to  arm  these  troops,  to 
procure  his  powder  and  lead  of  General  Hand  at  Pittsburg,  and  to  proceed  at  once  to 
subjugate  the  country. 

HE  TAKES   KASKASKLA. 

With  these  instructions  Col.  Clark  repaired  to  Pittsburg,  choosing  rather  to  raise  his 
men  west  of  the  mountains,  as  he  well  knew  all  were  needed  in  tlie  colonies  in  the  con- 
flict tiiere.  He  sent  Col.  W.  B.  Smith  to  Holstein  and  Cajitains  Helm  and  Bowman  to 
other  localities  to  enlist  men  ;  but  none  of  them  succeeded  in  raising  the  required  num- 
ber. The  settlers  in  these  parts  were  afraid  to  leave  their  own  firesides  exposed  to  a 
vigilant  foe,  and  but  few  could  be  induced  to  join  the  expedition.  With  these  companies 
and  several  private  volunteers  Clark  commenced  his  descent  of  the  Ohio,  wliioh  he  navi- 
gated as  far  as  the  falls,  where  he  took  possession  of  anil  fortified  Corn  Island,  a  small  island 
between  the  present  cities  of  Louisville,  Ky.,  and  New  Albany,  Ind.  Here,  after  having 
completed  his  arrangements  and  announced  to  the  men  tlieir  real  destination,  he  left  a 
small  garrison  ;  and  on  the  2Uli  of  June,  during  a  total  eclipse  of  the  sun,  which  to  tliem 
augured  no  good,  they  floated  down  the  river.  His  plan  was  to  go  by  water  as  far  as  Fort 
Massac,  and  thence  march  direct  to  Kaskaskia.  Here  he  intended  to  surprise  the  gar- 
rison, and  after  its  capture  go  to  Cahokia,  then  to  Vincennes,  and  lastly  to  Detroit. 
Should  lu.'  fail,  lie  intended  to  inarch  directly  to  the  Mississippi  river  and  cross  it  into  the 
Spanisli  country.  Before  his  start  he  received  good  items  of  infornuition  ;  one  that  an 
alliance  had  been  formed  between  France  and  the  United  States,  and  the  other  that  the 
Indians  throughout  the  Illinois  country  and  the  inhabitants  at  the  various  fiontier  posts 
had  been  led  liy  the  British  to  believe  that  the  "  I/Oiig  Knives,"  or  Virginians,  were  the 
most  fierce,  bloodthirsty  and  cruel  savages  that  ever  scalped  a  foe.  With  this  impression 
on  tiieir  minds,  Clark  saw  thai  proper  management  would  cause  tliein  to  sulunit  at  once 
from  fear,  if  surprised,  and  then  from  gratitude  would  become  friendly,  if  treated  with 
uiu3X|)CCted  lenity.  The  nuirch  to  Kaskaskia  was  nnnle  through  a  hot  July  siui,  they  ar- 
riving on  the  evening  of  the  4th  of  July,  1778.  Tiiey  captured  the  fort  near  the  village 
and  soon  after  the  village  itself,  l)y  sur[n'ise,  aiul  witlnnil  the  loss  of  a  single  man  and 
without  killing  any  of  the  enemy.  After  sufficiently  working  on  tiie  fears  of  the  natives, 
C'lark  told  tlieni  the}'  were  at  perfect  lilierty  to  worsliip  as  they  pleased,  and  to  take 
whichever  side  of  the  great  conflict  they  would  ;  also  he  would  protect  them  against  any 
barbarity  from  British  or  Iiulian  foe.     Tliis  Inul  the  desired  effect ;  and  the  inhabitants, 


GENERAL   HISTORY   OF   ILLINOIS.  91 

SO  unexpectedly  and  so  gratefully  surprised  by  the  unlooked-for  turn  of  affairs,  at  once 
swore  allegiance  to  the  American  arms ;  and  when  Clark  desired  to  go  to  Caliokia  on  the 
6th  of  July,  they  accompanied  him,  and  through  their  influence  the  inhabitants  of  the 
place  surrendered  and  gladly  placed  themselves  under  his  protection. 

In  the  person  of  M.  Gibault,  priest  of  Kaskaskia,  Clark  found  a  powerful  ally  and 
generous  friend.  Clark  saw  that,  to  retain  possession  of  the  Northwest  and  treat  suc- 
cessfully with  the  Indians,  he  must  establish  a  government  for  the  colonies  he  had  taken. 
St.  Vincent,  the  post  next  in  importance  to  Detroit,  remained  yet  to  be  taken  before  the 
Mississippi  valley  was  conquered.  M.  Gibault  told  him  that. he  would  alone,  by  per- 
suasion, lead  Vincennes  to  throw  off  its  connection  with  England.  Clark  gladly  accepted 
this  offer,  and  July  14th,  in  company  with  a  fellow-townsman,  Gibault  started  on  his 
mission  of  peace.  On  the  1st  of  August  he  returned  with  the  cheerful  intelligence  that 
every  thing  was  peaceably  adjusted  at  Vincennes  in  favor  of  the  Americans.  During  the 
interval.  Col.  Clark  established  his  courts,  placed  garrisons  at  Kaskaskia  and  Cahokia, 
successfull}'  re-enlisted  his  men,  and  sent  word  to  have  a  fort  (which  proved  the  germ  of 
Louisville)  erected  at  the  falls  of  the  Ohio. 

While  the  American  commander  was  thus  negotiating  with  the  Indians,  Hamilton, 
the  British  Governor  of  Detroit,  heard  of  Clark's  invasion,  and  was  greatly  incensed 
because  the  country  which  he  had  in  charge  should  be  wrested  from  him  by  a  few  ragged 
militia.  He  therefore  hurriedly  collected  a  force,  marched  by  way  of  the  Wabash,  and 
appeared  before  the  fort  at  Vincennes.  Tiie  inhabitants  made  an  effort  to  defend  the 
town,  and  when  Hamilton's  forces  arrived.  Captain  Helm  and  a  man  named  Henry  were 
the  only  Americans  in  tlie  fort.  These  men  had  been  sent  by  Clark.  The  latter  charged 
a  cannon  and  placed  it  in  the  open  gateway,  and  the  Captain  stood  by  it  with  a  lighted 
match  and  cried  out,  as  Hamilton  came  in  hailing  distance,  "  Halt !  "  The  British 
officer,  not  knowing  the  strength  of  the  garrison,  stopped,  and  demanded  the  surrender 
of  the  fort.  Helm  exclaimed,  "No  man  shall  enter  here  till  I  know  the  terms." 
Hamilton  responded,  "  You  shall  have  the  honors  of  war."  The  entire  garrison  con- 
sisted of  one  officer  and  one  private. 

VINCENNES   CAPTURED. 

On  taking  Kaskaskia,  Clark  made  a  prisoner  of  Rocheblave,  commander  of  the 
place,  and  got  possession  of  all  his  written  instructions  for  the  conduct  of  the  war. 
From  these  papers  he  received  important  information  respecting  the  plans  of  Col.  Ham- 
ilton, Governor  at  Detroit,  who  was  intending  to  make  a  vigorous  and  concerted  attack 
upon  the  frontier.  After  arriving  at  Vincennes,  however,  lie  gave  up  his  intended 
campaign  for  the  Winter,  and  trusting  to  his  distance  from  danger  and  to  the  difficulty 
of  approaching  him,  sent  off  his  Indian  warriors  to  prevent  troops  from  coming  down  the 
Ohio,  and  to  annoy  the  Americans  in  all  ways.  Thus  he  sat  quietly  down  to  pass  the 
Winter  with  only  about  eighty  soldiers,  but  secure,  as  he  thought  from  molestation.  But 
he  evidently  did  not  realize  the  character  of  the  men  with  whom  he  was  contending. 
Clark,  although  he  could  muster  only  one  hundred  and  thirty  men,  determined  to  take 
advantage  of  Hamilton's  weakness  and  security,  and  attack  him  as  the  only  means  of 
saving  himself;  for  unless  he  captured  Hamilton,  Hamilton  would  capture  him.  Ac- 
cordingly, about  the  beginning  of  February,  1779,  he  dispatched  a  small  galley  which  he 
had  fitted  out,  mounted  with  two  four-pounders  and  four  swivels  and  manned  with  a 
companj'  of  soldiers,  and  carrying  stores  for  his  men,  with  orders  to  force  her  way  up  the 
Wabash,  to  take  her  station  a  few  miles  below  Vincennes,  and  to  allow  no  person  to  pass 
her.  He  himself  marched  with  his  little  band,  and  spent  sixteen  days  in  traversing  the 
country  from  Kaskaskia  to  Vincennes,  passing  with  incredible  fatigue  through  woods  and 
marshes.  He  was  five  days  in  crossing  the  bottom  lands  of  the  Wabash  ;  and  for  five 
miles  was  frequently  up  to  the  breast  in  water.     After  overcoming  difficulties  which  liad 


92  CENERAI,  IlISTOKY  OF  ILLINOIS. 

been  thouj,'ht  insurmountable,  be  appeared  before  the  place  and  oompleteh'  surprised  it. 
The  inhabitants  readily  submitted,  but  Hiimiltoii  at  first  defended  himself  in  the  fort. 
Next  day,  however,  he  surrendered  himself  and  his  garrison  prisoners-of-war.  By  his 
activity  in  encouraging  the  hostilities  of  the  Indians  and  by  the  revolting  enormities 
perpetrated  by  those  savages.  Hamilton  had  rendered  himself  so  obnoxious  that  he  was 
thrown  in  prison  and  put  in  irons.  During  his  command  of  the  British  frontier  posts  he 
offered  prizes  to  tlie  Indians  for  all  the  scalps  of  the  Americans  they  would  bring  him, 
and  earned  in  consequence  thereof  the  title,  "  Hair-Buyer  General,"  by  which  he  was 
ever  afterward  known. 

The  services  of  Clark  proved  of  essential  advantage  to  his  countrymen.  They  dis- 
concerted the  plans  of  Hamilton,  and  not  only  saved  the  western  frontier  from  depreda- 
tions by  the  savages,  but  also  greatly  cooled  the  ardor  of  the  Indians  for  carrying  on  a 
contest  in  which  they  were  not  likelj"  to  be  the  gainers.  Had  it  not  been  for  this  small 
army,  a  union  of  all  the  tribes  from  Maine  to  Georgia  against  the  colonies  might  have 
been  effected,  and  the  whole  current  of  our  history  changed. 

COCNTy   OF   ILLINOIS. 

In  October,  1778,  after  the  successful  campaign  of  Col.  Clark,  the  Assembly  of  Vir- 
ginia erected  the  conquered  country,  embracing  all  the  territory  northwest  of  the  Ohio 
river,  into  the  County  of  Illinois,  which  was  doubtless  the  largest  county  in  the  world, 
exceeding  in  its  dimensions  the  whole  of  Great  Britain  and  Ireland.  To  speak  more 
definitely,  it  contained  the  territory  now  embraced  in  the  great  Stati's  of  Ohio,  Indiana, 
Illinois,  Wisconsin  and  Michigan.  On  the  1:2th  of  December,  177S.  .luhn  Todd  was 
appointed  Lieutenant-Commandant  of  this  county  by  Patrick  Henry,  then  Governor  of 
Virginia,  and  ii^eordingly.  also,  the  first  fif  Illinois  County. 


FORMATION  OF  ILLINOIS   TERRITORY. 

Ordinance  of  1787  —  Sympathy  with  Slavery  —  Governor  St.  Clair — The  Territory  Divided   into   Counties. 

Illinois  County  remained  a  part  of  Virginia  until  that  ."^tate  ceded  the  Northwest 
Territory  to  the  United  States  in  1784,  as  heretofore  noted.  This  cession  was  really 
made  in  1781,  but  the  deed  was  not  executed  until  March  1,  1784,  hence  the  condition 
and  government  of  the  country  remained  the  same  as  if  no  cession  or  transfer  of  domain 
had  ln-en  eontemplatcil.  Immediately  alter  the  deed  of  cession.  Congress,  by  ordinance, 
established  a  form  of  government,  for  the  entire  region  from  the  (iidf  to  the  Lakes, 
although  the  whole  of  it  had  not  been  actiuired,  and  this  form  of  government  for  tlie 
Northwestern  Territory  continued  until  the  passage  of  the  ordinance  of  1787.  No  one 
can  study  the  secret  history  of  this  ordinance  and  not  feel  that  Providence  wius  guiding 
witli  sleepless  eye  the  destinies  of  these  unliorn  States,  .\meriean  legislation  has  never 
aclii<;ved  any  thing  more  admirable,  as  an  internal  government,  than  this  comprehensive 
ordinance.  Its  provisions  concerning  tiie  distribution  of  properly,  the  principles  of  civil 
and  religious  liberty  which  it  laid  at  the  foundation  of  the  communities  since  established, 
and  the  t^flieient  anil  simple  organization  by  which  it  created  the  first  machinery  of  civil 
society,  are  worthy  of  all  the  praise  thai  has  ever  been  given  them. 


GENERAL   HISTORY   OF   ILLINOIS.  93 

THE   ORDINANCE   OF   17S7. 

This  ordinance  has  a  marvelous  and  interesting  history-.  Considerable  controversy 
has  been  indulged  in  as  to  who  is  entitled  to  the  credit  for  framing  it.  This  belongs, 
undoubtedlj',  to  Nathan  Dane  ;  and  to  Rufus  King  and  Timothy  Pickering  belong  the 
credit  for  suggesting  the  proviso  contained  in  it  against  slavery,  and  also  for  aids  to 
religion  and  knowledge,  and  for  assuring  forever  the  common  use,  without  charge,  of  the 
great  national  highways  of  the  Mississippi,  the  St.  Lawrence  and  their  tributaries  to  all 
the  citizens  of  tlie  United  States.  To  Thomas  Jefferson  is  also  due  much  credit,  as  some 
features  of  this  ordinance  were  embraced  in  his  ordinance  of  1784.  But  the  part  taken 
by  each  in  the  long,  laborious  and  eventful  struggle  which  had  so  glorious  a  consumma- 
tion in  the  ordinance,  consecrating  forever,  by  one  imprescriptible  and  unchangeable  mon- 
ument, tlie  very  heart  of  our  country  to  Freedom,  Knowledge,  and  Union,  will  forever 
honor  tlie  names  of  those  illustrious  statesmen. 

Mr.  Jefferson  had  vainly  tried  to  secure  a  system  of  government  for  tlie  Northwest- 
ern Territor}^  He  was  an  emancipationist  and  favored  the  exclusion  of  slavery  from  the 
territor}^  but  the  South  voted  him  down  every  time  he  proposed  a  measure  of  this  nature. 
In  1787,  as  late  as  July  10,  an  organizing  act  without  the  anti-slavery  clause  was  pend- 
ing. This  concession  to  the  South  was  expected  to  carry  it.  Congress  was  in  session  in 
New  York.  On  July  5,  Rev.  Manasseh  Cutler,  of  Massachusetts,  came  into  New  York 
to  lobby  on  the  Northwestern  Territory.  Every  thing  seemed  to  fall  into  his  hands. 
Events  were  ripe.  The  state  of  the  public  credit,  the  growing  of  Southern  prejudice, 
the  basis  of  his  mission,  his  personal  character,  all  combined  to  complete  one  of  those 
sudden  and  marvelous  revolutions  of  public  sentiment  that  once  in  five  or  ten  centuries 
are  seen  to  sweep  over  a  country  like  tlie  breath  of  the  Almighty. 

Cutler  was  a  graduate  of  Yale.  He  had  studied  and  taken  degrees  in  the  three  learned 
professions,  medicine,  law,  and  divinity.  He  had  i^ublished  a  scientific  examination  of 
the  plants  of  New  England.  As  a  scientist  in  America  his  name  stood  second  only  to 
that  of  Franklin.  He  was  a  courtly  gentleman  of  the  old  style,  a  man  of  commanding 
presence  and  of  inviting  face.  The  Southern  members  said  they  had  never  seen  such  a 
gentleman  in  the  North.  He  came  representing  a  Massachusetts  company"  that  desired 
to  purchase  a  tract  of  land,  now  included  in  Ohio,  for  the  purpose  of  planting  a  colony. 
It  was  a  speculation.  Government  money  was  worth  eighteen  cents  on  the  dollar.  This 
company  had  collected  enough  to  purchase  1,500,000  acres  of  land.  Other  sjieculators 
in  New  York  made  Dr.  Cutler  their  agent,  which  enabled  him  to  represent  a  demand  for 
5,500,000  acres.  As  this  would  reduce  the  national  debt,  and  Jefferson's  policy  was  to 
provide  for  the  public  credit,  it  presented  a  good  opportunity  to  do  something. 

Massachusetts  then  owned  the  territory  of  Maine,  which  she  was  crowding  on  the 
market.  She  was  ojaposed  to  opening  the  Northwestern  region.  This  fired  the  zeal  of 
Vii'ginia.  The  South  caught  the  inspiration,  and  all  exalted  Dr.  Cutler.  The  entire 
South  rallied  around  him.  Massachusetts  could  not  vote  against  him,  because  many  of 
the  constituents  of  her  members  were  interested  personally  in  the  Western  speculation. 
Thus  Cutler,  making  friends  in  the  South,  and  doubtless  using  all  the  arts  of  the  lobby, 
was  enabled  to  command  the  situation.  True  to  deeper  convictions,  he  dictated  one  of 
the  most  compact  and  finished  documents  of  wise  statesmanship  that  has  ever  adorned 
any  human  law  book.  He  borrowed  from  Jefferson  the  term  '*  Articles  of  Compact," 
which,  preceding  the  federal  constitution,  rose  into  the  most  sacred  character.  He  then 
followed  very  closely  the  constitution  of  Massachusetts,  adopted  three  years  before.  Its 
most  prominent  points  were  : 

1.  The  exclusion  of  slavery  from  the  territory  forever. 

2.  Provisions  for  public  schools,  giving  one  township  for  a  seniinaiy  and  every 
section  numbered  16  in  each  township;  that  is  one  thirty-sixth  of  all  the  land  for  public 
schools. 


94  CENEHAI.   IIISTOHY   <>K   ILLINOIS. 

3.  A  provision  prohibiting  the  iuloption  of  any  constitution  or  the  enactment  of  any 
law  that  should  nullify  pre-existing  contracts. 

Be  it  forever  remenihered  that  this  compact  declared  that  religion,  morality,  and 
knowledge  heing  necessary  to  good  government  and  the  happiness  of  mankind,  schools 
and  the  means  of  education  shall  always  be  encouraged."  Dr.  Cutler  planted  himself  on 
this  platform  and  would  not  yield.  Giving  his  unqualified  declaration  that  it  was  that 
or  nothing — that  unless  they  could  make  the  land  desirable  they  did  not  want  it — he 
took  his  horse  and  buggy  and  started  for  the  constitutional  convention  at  Philadelphia. 
On  July  13,  1787,  the  bill  was  put  upon  its  passage,  and  was  unanimously  adopted.  Thus 
the  great  States  of  Ohio,  Indiana,  Illinois,  Michigan,  and  Wisconsin,  a  vast  empire,  were 
consecrated  to  freedom,  intelligence,  and  morality.  Thus  the  great  heart  of  the  nation 
was  prepared  to  save  the  union  of  States,  for  it  was  this  act  that  was  the  salvation  of  the 
republic  and  the  destruction  of  slavery.  Soon  the  South  saw  their  great  blunder  and 
tried  to  have  the  compact  repealed.     In  1803  Congress  referred  it  to  a  committee,  of 


GE.N.  AKIHL  i-  ^i.  >_I..\IR. 

which  John  Randolph  was  chairman.     He  reported  that  this  ordinance  was  a  compact 
and  opposed  repeal.     Thus  it  stood,  a  rock  in  the  way  of  the  on-rushing  sea  of  slavery. 

SVMl'ATHY   WITH   SLAVERY. 

With  all  this  timely  aid  it  was,  however,  a  most  desperate  and  protracted  struggle 
to  keep  the  soil  of  IlliMois  sacred  to  freedom.  It  was  the  natural  battle-field  for  the  irre- 
pressible conflict.  In  the  .southern  end  of  the  State  slavery  preceded  the  compact.  It 
existed  among  the  old  French  settlei-s,  and  was  hard  to  eradicate.  That  portion  was 
also  settled  from  the  slave  States,  and  this  population  broui^-ht  their  laws,  customs,  and 
institutions  witli  tlieni.  A  stream  of  populati<»n  from  liu-  North  poured  into  the  n<uthfrn 
part  of  the  State.  These  sections  misunderstood  and  iiated  i-acli  other  iierffctly.  The 
Southerners  regarded  the  Yankees  as  a  skinning,  tricky,  penurious  race  of  peildlers,  fill- 
ing the  country  with  tinware,  brass  clocks,  and  wooden  nutmegs.  The  Northerner 
thought  of  the  Southerner  as  a  lean,  lank,  lazy  creature,  burrowing  in  a  hut,  and  rioting 
in  whisky,  dirt,  and  ignorance.     These  causes  aided  in  making  the  struggle  long  and 


GENERAL   HISTORY   OF   ILLINOIS.  05 

bitter.  So  strong  was  the  sympathy  with  slavery  that,  in  spite  of  the  ordinance  of  1787, 
and  in  spite  of  the  deed  of  cession,  it  was  determined  to  allow  the  old  French  settlers  to 
retain  their  slaves. 

This  part  of  the  history  of  Illinois  will  be  made  to  form  a  separate  chapter  of  this 
volume. 

GOVERNOR    ST.    CLAIR. 

October  5,  1778,  Congress  appointed  Maj.  Gen.  Arthur  St.  Clair  to  be  Governor  of 
this  vast  territory.  Gov.  St.  Clair  was  born  in  Scotland,  and  came  to  America  in  1775. 
He  served  in  the  French  and  English  wars,  and  was  a  major  general  in  the  war  of  the 
Revolution.  He  was  elected  to  Congress  in  1786,  and  was  chosen  to  preside  over  the 
deliberations  of  that  body. 

ILLINOIS   TERRITORY. 

After  the  division  of  the  Northwestern  Territory,  Illinois  became  one  of  the  counties 
of  Indiana  Territory,  from  which  it  was  separated  by  an  act  of  Congress  approved  Feb- 
ruary 3,  1809,  forming  the  Territory  of  Illinois,  with  the  capital  at  Kaskaskia,  and  a 
population  estimated  at  9,000.  At  the  time  of  separation  from  Indiana  it  was  made  to 
include  the  present  State  of  Wisconsin.  Under  the  administration  of  Gov.  St.  Clair  it 
had  been  divided  into  two  counties  —  St.  Clair  and  Randolph.  President  Madison  first 
appointed  John  Boyle,  of  Kentucky,  to  be  the  Governor  of  the  new  dependency,  but  the 
office  was  not  to  his  liking,  and  a  change  was  affected  by  which  Ninian  Edwards  became 
the  first  Governor  of  Illinois.  When  the  Territory  was  created,  Mr.  Edwards  was  serv- 
ing as  Chief  Justice  of  the  Supreme  Court,  of  which  Boyle  was  an  associate  judge.  To 
suit  their  respective  inclinations  thej'  exchanged  offices,  and  Mr.  Edwards,  through  the 
influence  of  Henry  Clay,  was  appointed  to  the  office  declined  by  Mr.  Boyle,  and  the 
latter  became  Chief  Justice  of  Kentucky.  Mr.  Edwards  is  remembered  as  a  large,  fine 
looking  man,  and  one  who  wielded  a  ready  pen  and  an  eloquent  tongue.  He  served  as 
territorial  governor  with  distinction,  and  after  the  organization  of  the  State  was  elected 
to  the  same  position,  being  the  third  governor. 


CHAPTER  V. 

FIRST  AMERICAN  SETTLERS. 

The  Advance  Guard  —  Route  of  Travel  and  Means  of  Transportation  —  Grades  of  Government  —  First  Federal 
Judges  —  The  Law-Making  Power  —  The  First  Legislature  —  Population  in  iSog — Location  of  Settlements  — 
Personal  Sketches  of  the  Members  of  the  First  Territorial  Legislature,  etc. 

Emigration  westward  from  the  Atlantic  States  commenced  about  1779-80,  and  there 
can  be  no  doubt  that  the  brilliant  achievements  of  Gen.  Clark,  heretofore  noted,  as  tliey 
spread  abroad,  exercised  a  great  influence  in  directing  attention  to  the  fertile  prairies  of 
Illinois.  Marching  through  tlie  country  as  his  army  did,  they  had  every  opportunity  of 
seeing  its  rare  beauty  and  examining  its  exceeding  richness  and  general  adaptability  to 
agricultural  purposes.  The  knowledge  of  the  country  thus  gained  by  the  men  compos- 
ing this  little  army  of  Spartan  heroes  was  not  long  in  spreading  to  the  older  settled  parts 
of  America,  nor  was  it  long  until  immigrants  began  to  come  in  and  select  sites  for  homes 
and  the  pursuit  of  fortune.  The  increase  of  population  from  American  immigration  was 
necessarily  slow  for  many  years.  This  immigration  was  not  confined  to  any  one  localit}', 
but  was  scattered  about  in  different  sections,  so  that,  notwithstanding  the  presence  of  an 


06  GENERAL   IIISTOUY  (JF   ILLINOIS. 

estimated  population  of  9,000,  a  part  of  whom  were  French  and  French  half-breeds,  when 
the  Territory  was  organized,  the  country  still  seemed  like  an  undisturbed  wilderness,  as 
indeed  by  far  the  larger  part  of  it  was. 

In  the  Spring  of  1780,  three  hundred  family  boats  arrived  at  the  Falls  of  Ohio 
(Louisville),  the  most  of  them  destined  for  Kentucky.*  Some  of  them,  however,  were 
bound  for  Illinois.  Among  these  there  were  James  Moore,  Shadrack  Bond,  James  Gar- 
rison, Roljert  Kidd  and  Larken  Rutherford,  from  Maryland  and  Virginia,  the  two  last 
having  been  witii  Gen.  Clark.  In  those  perilous  times  they  had  crossed  the  Alleghany 
Mountains  without  molestation,  descended  the  Ohio,  stemmed  the  Mississippi,  and  landed 
safely  at  Kaskaskia.  James  Moore,  the  leader  of  this  little  band  of  pioneers,  and  some 
others,  settled  among  the  hills  near  Bellefontaine,  in  what  is  now  Monroe  county,  while 
the  remainder  settled  in  the  American  Bottom  (from  wiiicli  fact  that  name  had  its  origin), 
near  Harrisonville.  James  Piggot,  John  Doyle,  Robert  Whitehead  and  another  man, 
named  Buwen,  soldiers  in  Clark's  expedition,  came  soon  after.  Doyle  was  a  man  of 
family  and  taught  school,  and  was,  perhaps,  the  first  to  engage  in  teaching  as  a  profession 
in  Illinois.  He  could  also  speak  French  and  Indian,  and  was  frequently  employed  as 
Indian  interpreter.  No  other  American  immigrants  came  till  178"),  when  the  little  band 
was  reinforced  by  Joseph  Ogle,  Joseph  Warley  and  James  Andrews,  from  Virginia,  each 
of  them  with  a  large  family.  James  Leman,  George  Atcherson.  David  Waddell  and  tlieir 
families,  and  several  others,  came  in  1780.1  The  families  here  named  were  the  advance 
guard  of  that  mighty  host  that  came  to  occupy  Illinois  in  after  years,  and  make  it  the 
grandest  of  all  the  States. 

^GRADES   OF   GOVERNMENT. 

During  the  time  Illinois  formed  a  part  of  Indiana  Territory,  from  1800  to  February, 
180!*,  the  government  was  of  two  grades:  first,  the  law-making  power,  consisting  of  the 
Governor  and  judges,  and,  second,  the  Territorial  Legislature,  composed  of  a  House  of 
Representatives,  elected  Ijy  the  people,  and  a  Council  appointed  by  the  President  and 
Senate  of  the  United  States.     Illinois  remained  under  the  first  grade  until  1812. 

Nathaniel  Pope,  a  relative  of  Gov.  Edwards,  was  appointed  Territorial  Secre- 
tary. He  was  born  at  the  Falls  of  the  Ohio,  in  Kentucky.  Was  one  of  the  early  gradu- 
ates of  Transylvania  University  at  Lexington,  after  which  he  chose  the  profession  of  the 
law.  At  the  age  of  twenty-one  years  he  emigrated  to  St.  Genevieve,  then  in  Upper 
Louisiana,  but  now  in  Missouri,  where  he  acquired  full  command  of  the  French  language. 
When  twenty-six  years  of  age,  he  received  the  appointment  of  Secretary  of  the  Territory 
of  Illinois,  and  on  the  2'>th  day  of  April,  1809,  at  St.  Genevieve,  before  Judge  Shrader, 
he  took  the  i)rescribed  oath  of  office  and  came  to  Illinois  to  enter  upon  the  duties  of  his 
position.  In  the  absence  of  the  Governor,  the  Secretary  was  empowered,  under  the 
ordinance  of  1787,  to  discharge  the  duties  of  the  executive,  and  on  the  •28th  day  of  April, 
three  days  after  taking  the  oath  of  office,  he  inaugurated  the  new  government  by  procla- 
mation. The  counties  of  St.  Clair  and  Randolph,  previously  organized,  were  reinstated 
as  the  two  counties  of  Illinois  Territory.  On  the  :ld  of  May  he  ajipointeil  and  commis- 
sioned Elias  Rector  to  be  Altorney-tieneral ;  John  May,  Slierifl";  Knoch  Moore,  Coroner  ; 
and  seventeen  justices  of  the  peace.  Hence  it  will  be  seen  that  the  honor  of  starting  the 
civil  government  of  Illinois  Territory  belongs  to  Nathaniel  Pope,  the  first  Territorial 
Secretary. 

Governor  Edwards  a.ssumed  the  duties  of  his  office  on  the  11th  of  June  following, 
having  subscribed  to  the  oath  of  office  before  leaving  Kentucky. 

FIUST   KEDKRAL  .lUDGES. 
(^n  the  organization  of  the  Territory,  Jesse  B.  Tiiomas,  Alexander  Stuart  and  William 
♦Uullcr's  Kentucky.  f  Annals  of  llic  West. 


GENERAL   IIISTOKV   OF   ILLINOIS.  97 

Sprigg  were  appointed  Federal  Judges.  On  the  IBth  of  June,  1809,  Governor  Edwards, 
and  Jndges  Stuart  and  Sprigg  met  together  as  a  legislative  body,  as  provided  in  the  fifth 
section  of  the  ordinance  of  1787,  and  re-enacted  such  of  the  laws  of  the  Indiana  Terri- 
tory as  were  suitable  and  applicable  to  Illinois,  and  with  which  the  peoj)le  had  been  famil- 
iar for  nine  years,  all  laws  local  or  special  to  Indiana,  being  rejected.  Man}' of  these  laws 
were  as  old  as  the  Northwestern  Territory,  some  of  them  having  been  imported  from 
Pennsylvania  and  some  of  them  from  Massachusetts.  They  were  adopted  without  change 
of  phraseology. 

Under  the  act  of  Territorial  organization,  provision  was  made  for  the  advancement 
of  the  government  from  the  first  to  the  second  grade  whenever  the  Governor  should  be 
satisfied  that  a  majority  of  the  freeholders  desired  the  same.  Choosing  to  be  guided  by 
the  popular  will,  Governor  Edwards,  on  the  4th  day  of  February,  1812,  issued  an  order 
directing  an  election  to  be  held  in  each  county  on  the  second  Monday  in  April,  to  enable 
the  people  to  determine  whether  they  would  enter  ujjon  the  second  grade.  The  question 
was  decided  in  the  affirmative  by  a  large  majority.  Congress  approved  the  action  of  the 
people,  and  on  the  21st  day  of  May  an  act  was  passed  by  which  Illinois  was  raised  to  the 
second  grade  of  government.  That  act  also  extended  the  right  of  suffrage  to  any  white 
male  person  twenty-one  years  of  age,  who  had  paid  a  territorial  tax  and  resided  in  the 
Territory  one  )-ear  next  preceding  any  election,  etc. 

For  nearly  four  years  after  the  Territory  was  oi-ganized,  no  legislature  existed.  The 
Governor  was  both  executive  and,  in  a  great  measure,  the  law-making  power.  The  pow- 
er's thus  exercised  were  conferred  by  the  ordinance  of  1787,  under  which  the  privileges 
of  the  citizen  were  limited  to  the  freehold  property  class.  The  elective  franchise  was 
denied  to  all  who  were  not  the  owners  of  fifty  acres  of  land,  and  no  one  could  aspire  to 
a  seat  in  the  Legislature  unless  he  was  a  freeholder  of  two  hundred  to  five  hundred  acres 
of  land.  Those  of  the  territorial  officers  not  appointed  by  the  President,  were  appointed 
by  the  Governor.  The  people  were  not  permitted  to  elect  justices  of  the  peace,  county 
surveyors,  treasurers,  coroners,  sheriffs,  clerks,  judges  of  the  inferior  courts,  nor  even  choose 
the  officers  of  the  territorial  militia.  All  this  power,  and  much  more,  was  vested  in  the 
Governor. 

At  the  time  of  the  organization  of  the  Territory,  the  population  was  estimated  at 
9,000.  The  census  of  1810  returned  a  total  of  12,282.  Of  this  number  11,501  were 
whites,  168  were  slaves,  and  613  of  all  others  except  Indians.  The  settlements  had 
extended  north  to  the  Wood  River  country  in  the  present  county  of  Madison ;  east,  along 
Silver  creek  and  up  Kaskaskia  river,  and  south  and  east  from  Kaskaskia  for  a  distance  of 
fifteen  miles  on  the  Fort  Massac  road.  The  Birds  had  located  at  the  mouth  of  the  Ohio, 
at  the  present  site  of  Cairo.  At  old  Massac  and  the  Ohio  salines  a  small  settlement  had 
been  recognized  for  some  time.  At  Shawneetown  there  had  been  a  few  straggling  houses 
since  1805.  A  few  families  were  scattered  along  the  west  side  of  the  Wabash,  a  man  named 
McCawley  having  pushed  inland  as  far  as  the  Vincennes  road-crossing  of  the  Little  Wa- 
bash. These,  however,  were  mostly  abandoned  during  the  war  of  1812.  The  settlements 
were  all  weak,  and  from  1810  until  the  close  of  the  war,  there  was  no  immigration 
of  note. 

Such  was  the  extent  of  settlements  and  population  when  the  people  voted  in  favor 
of  advancing  their  Government  to  the  second  grade.  September  16,  following,  the 
Governor  and  judges  having  organized  Madison,  Gallatin  and  Johnson  counties,  their 
establishment  was  published  by  proclamation.  This  increased  the  number  of  counties  to 
five.  Another  proclamation  of  the  same  date  ordered  an  election  to  be  held  in  each 
county  on  the  8th,  9th  and  lOtli  days  of  October,  for  five  members  of  the  legislative 
council,  seven  members  of  the  House  and  a  delegate  to  Congress.  Shadrach  Bond  was 
elected  as  delegate  to  Congress.  The  choice  for  members  of  the  Council  and  House  of 
Representatives  resulted : 


98 


GENERAL   HISTORY  OF   ILLINOIS 


Ctmrnnl  —  Benjamin  Talbot,  Gallatin  count  j ;  William  Biggs,  St.  Clair  county; 
Samuel  Judv,  Madison  countr;  Pierre  Menard,  Randolph  county;  Thomas  Ferguson, 
Johnson  county — 5. 

ffoutf — George  Fisher.  Randolph  county;  Phillip  Trammel  and  Alexander  Wilson, 
Gallatin  county  ;  John  Grammar.  Johnson  county  ;  Joshua  Oglesby  and  Jacob  Short, 
St.  Clair  county  :  William  Jones.  Madison  county — 7. 

This  was  a  new  departure  for  the  people  of  Illinois,  and  the  dawning  of  that  politi- 
cal career  that  has  made  the  State  so  noted  among  the  other  States  of  the  Union,  and  the 
first  election  for  law-makers  ever  held  in  the  Territory.  Stuve's  History  of  Illinois, 
published  in  1ST6.  preserves  the  following  sketches  of  the  members : 

PlERBE  Mesard.  chosen  to  preside  over  the  deliberations  of  the  council,  was  a 
Canadian  Frenchman,  and  had  settled  at  Kaskaskia  in  ITiK).  He  was  a  merchant,  and 
enjoyed  an  extensive  trade  with  the  Indians,  over  whom  he  exercised  a  great  influence, 
and  was,  for  many  years,  government  agent  for  them.  He  was  well  informed,  energetic, 
&ank  and  honest,  and  very  popular  with  all  classes. 

WnjJAM  BiG«s  was  an  intelligent  and  respectable  member,  who  had  been  a  soldier 
in  Clark's  ■  a,  and  ten  years  afterward  had  been  a  prisoner  for  several  years 

among  the   i\  js.     He  wrote  and  published  a  complete  narrative  of  his  Indian 

capti\-itv,  and  in  1826  Congress  voted^him  three  ^sections  of  land.     He  was  County 
Judge  for  many  years. 

Samtel  Jcdt  was  a  man  of  energy,  fortitude  and  enterprise.  The  Fall  preceding 
he  commanded  the  corps  of  spies  in  Gov.  Edwards'  military  campagn  to  Peoria  Lake. 
Some  of  his  descendants  still  reside  in  Madison  county. 

JosHCA  Oglesby  was  a  local  Methodist  preacher  of  ordinary  education.  He 
resided  on  a  farm  and  was  greatly  respected  by  his  neighbors. 

Jacob  Short,  the  coUeague  of  Oglesby,  removed  to  Illinois  with  his  father  Moses 
in  1796,  and  pursued  farming.     He  distinguished  himself  as  a  ranger  in  the  war  of  1812. 

Ge<jbge  Fishzk  possessed  a  fair  education,  and  was  a  physician  by  profession.  He 
removed  from  Virginia  to  Kaskaskia  in  1800  and  engaged  in  merchandising,  but  resided 
on  a  farm  when  elected  to  the  territorial  assembly.     He  was  afterwards  in  public  life. 

Phillip  Trammel  was  a  man  of  discriminating  mind,  inclined  to  the  profession  of 
arms.     He  w.-is  the  lessee  of  the  United  saline  in  Gallatin  county. 

Alexander  Wiisos  (^Mr.  Trammel's  colleague),  was  a  popular  tavern  keeper  at 
Shawneetown,  and  a  man  of  fair  ability. 

William  Joxes  was  a  Baptist  preacher,  grave  in  his  deportment,  and  possessed  of 
moderate  abilities.  He  was  bom  in  North  Carolina,  removed  to  Illiuois  in  1806,  in  the 
Rattan  Prairie  east  of  Alton.* 

John  Grammar  made  his  first  appearance  in  public  at  this  first  session  of  the 
Illinois  Territorial  Legislature.  He  had  no  education,  but  was  a  man  of  great  natural 
shrewdneso.  He  afterward  represented  Union  county  frequently  during  a  period  of 
twenty  years. 

It  was  related  of  him  that  after  his  election,  in  order  to  procure  clothing  suitable  to 
the  occasion  and  in  which  to  appear  in  the  Assembly,  himself  and  family  gathered  a 
lar.  .     Ity  of  hickory  nuts,  which  were  taken  to  the  Ohio  saline  and  traded  for  blue 

str  ich  as  the  Indians  wore  for  breech-cloths.     When  the  neighboring  women 

assembli-ii  to  make  up  the  ;,'armints,  it  was  found  that  he  had  not  inv-  ite  enough 

nuts.     The  patteni  was  measured  in  ever}-  way  possible,  but  it  was  ..  ..ibly  scant. 

After  exhausting  every  device  to  make  the  goods  "  hold  out "  and  till  the  desired 
measure,  the  women  decided  that  the  next  best  and  only  thing  that  could  be  done  would 
be  to  make  a  "  bob-tailed  coat  and  a  long  pair  of  leggings,"  which  resolution  they  carried 
into  execution.     And  arrayed  in  this  suit  he  made  his  appearance  at  the  capital,  and 

*.\niul»  of  tbe  Wou 


GENERAL   HISTORY   OF   ILLINOIS.  99 

continued  to  wear  it  the  greater  part  of  the  session.  "  Notwithstanding  his  illiteracy," 
savs  Mr.  Ford.  "  he  had  the  honor  of  originating  the  practice  much  followed  by  public 
men  since,  of  voting  against  all  new  measiues,  it  being  easier  to  conciliate  public  opinion 
for  being  remiss  in  voting  for  a  good  measure,  than  to  suffer  arraignment  for  aiding  in 
the  passage  of  an  unpopular  one." 

By  proclamation,  issued  on  the  10th  of  November,  the  Grovernor  ordered  the  mem- 
bers elect  to  convene  at  Kaskaskia,  the  seat  of  government,  on  the  2.5th  of  that  month. 
The  two  bodies  met  in  a  large,  rough  old  building  of  uncut  limestone.*  with  steep  roof 
and  gables,  of  unpainted  boards,  situated  in  the  center  of  a  square,  which,  after  the  ruin 
and  abandonment  of  Fort  Chartres,  had  served  the  French  as  the  headquarters  of  the 
military  commandant.  The  first  floor,  a  large,  low.  cheerless  room,  was  fitted  up  for  the 
House,  and  a  small  chamber  above  for  the  Council  Chamber.  Pierre  Menard  was  chosen 
President  of  the  Council,  and  John  Thomas  as  Secretary.  William  C.  Greenup  was 
elected  Clerk  of  the  House.  The  two  Houses  elected  a  door-keeper  in  common.  All 
the  twelve  members  boarded  with  one  family,  and  lodged,  ir  has  been  said,  in  one  room. 
*  *  *  *  The  members  addressed  themselves  to  the  business  in  hand,  with- 
out delay  or  circumlocution.  Windy  speeches  and  contention  were  iinknown,  and 
parliamentary  tacticians,  if  any  there  were,  met  with  no  indulgence  :  and  it  has  been 
naively  remarked  that  not  a  lawyer  appeared  on  the  roll  of  names. 


CHAPTER  VI. 

THE  WAR  OF  1812. 

The  Outbreak  —  Massacre  at  Fort  Dearborn — Slaughter  of  Prisoners  —  Kinzie  Family  Saved  —  Expedition  Against 
the  Indians  —  An  Indian  Killed  —  Town  Burned  —  Peoria  Burned  —  Second  Eipediaon  Against  the  Indians — 
Expedition  up  the  Mississippi  —  A  Desperate  Fight  —  Another  Expedition, 

For  some  years  previous  to  the  war  between  the  United  States  arid  England,  in  1812, 
considerable  trouble  was  experienced  with  the  Indians.  Mai-auding  bands  of  savages 
would  attack  small  settlements  and  inhumanly  butcher  all  the  inhabitants,  and  mutilate 
their  dead  bodies.  To  protect  themselves,  the  settlers  organized  companies  of  rangers 
and  erected  block-houses  and  stockades  in  every  settlement.  The  largest,  strongest  and 
best  of  these  was  Fort  Russell,  near  the  present  village  of  Edwardsville.  This  stockade 
was  made  the  main  rendezvous  for  troops  and  military  stores,  and  Gov.  Edwards,  who, 
during  the  perilous  times  of  1812,  when  Indian  hostilities  threatened  on  every  hand, 
assumed  command  of  the  Illinois  forces,  established  his  headquarters  at  this  place.  The 
Indians  were  incited  to  many  of  these  depredations  by  English  emissaries,  who  for 
years  continued  their  dastardly  work  of  "  setting  the  red  men,  like  dogs,  upon  the 
whites.'* 

In  the  Summer  of  1811  a  peace  convention  was  held  with  the  Pottawatomies  at 
Peoria,  when  they  promised  that  peace  shoiild  prevail ;  but  their  promises  were  soon 
broken.  Tecumseh.  the  great  warrior,  and  fit  successor  of  Pontiac,  started  in  the  Spring 
of  1?11,  to  arouse  the  Southern  Indians  to  war  against  the  whites.  The  purpose  of  this 
chieftain  was  well  known  to  Gov.  Harrison,  of  Indiana  Territory,  who  determined  during 
Tecumseh's  absence  to  strike  and  disperse  the  hostile  forces  collected  at  Tippecanoe. 
This  he  successfully  did  on  Nov.  7.  winning  the  sobriquet  of  ••  Tippecanoe,"  by  which  he 
was  afterwards  commonly  known.     Several  peace  councils  were  held,  at  which  the  Indi- 

'Stuve. 


100  (iENEKAI,   IlISToin    OK    ILLINOIS 

ans  promised  good  behavior,  hut  only  to  deceive  the  whites.  Almost  all  the  savages  of 
the  Northwest  were  thoroughly  stirred  up  and  did  not  desire  peace.  The  British  agents 
at  various  points,  in  anticipation  of  war  witii  the  United  States,  sought  to  enlist  the  favor 
of  tlie  savages  by  distributing  to  tliem  large  supplies  of  arms,  aninuiniti()n  and  other 
goods. 

The  English  continued  their  insults  to  our  flag  upon  the  high  seas,  and  their  govern- 
ment refusing  to  relinquisli  its  offensive  course,  all  hopes  of  peace  and  safe  commercial 
relations  were  abandoned,  and  Congress,  on  the  10th  of  June,  1812,  formally  declared 
war  against  Great  Britain.  In  Illinois  the  threatened  Indian  troubles  liad  ahead)- caused 
a  more  tliorougli  organization  of  the  militia  and  greater  protection  by  the  erection  of 
forts.  As  intimated,  the  Indians  took  the  war-path  long  liefore  the  declaration  of  hostili- 
ties lietween  the  two  civilized  nations,  committing  great  depredations,  the  most  atrocious 
of  which  was  the 

MASSACBE  AT  FOET  DEAEBOEN. 

During  the  war  of  1812  between  the  United  States  and  England,  the  greatest,  as  well 
as  the  n)ost  revolting,  massacre  of  whites  that  ever  occurred  in  Illinois,  was  perpetrated 
by  the  Pottawatomie  Indians,  at  Fort  Dearborn.  This  fort  was  built  l>y  the  Government, 
in  1804,  on  the  south  side  of  the  Chicago  river,  and  was  garrisoned  l)y  .")4  men  under 
command  of  Capt.  Nathan  Heakl,  assisted  by  Lieutenant  Helm  and  Ensign  Konan ;  Dr. 
Voorhees,  surgeon.  The  residents  at  the  post  at  that  time  were  the  wives  of  officers 
Heakl  and  Helm  and  a  few  of  the  soldiers,  Mr.  Kinzie  and  his  family,  and  a  few  Cana- 
dians. Tlie  soldiers  and  Mr.  Kinzie  were  on  the  most  friendly  terms  witii  tiie  Pottawato- 
mies  and  Wirniebagoes,  the  principal  tribes  around  tiieni. 

On  tlie  7th  of  August,  1812,  arrived  the  order  from  Gen.  Hull,  at  Detroit,  to  evacu- 
ate Fort  Dearborn,  and  distribute  all  United  States  property  to  the  Indians.  Chicago 
was  so  deep  in  the  wilderness  that  this  was  the  first  intimation  the  garrison  received  of 
the  declaration  of  war  made  on  the  19th  of  June.  Tlie  Indian  chief  who  brought  the 
dispatch  advised  Capt.  Heakl  not  to  evacuate,  but  that  if  he  should  decide  to  do  so,  it 
be  done  immediately,  and  by  forced  marches  elude  the  concentration  of  the  savages  before 
tlie  news  be  circulated  among  them.  To  this  most  excellent  advice  the  Captain  gave  no 
heed,  but  on  the  lith  held  a  council  with  the  Indians,  apprising  them  of  the  orders  re- 
ceived, and  offering  a  liberal  reward  for  an  escort  of  Pottawatomies  to  Fort  Wayne.  The 
Indians,  with  many  professions  of  friendship,  assented  to  all  he  proposed,  and  promised 
all  lie  re<|uired.  The  remaining  officers  refused  to  join  in  the  council,  for  they  had  been 
informed  that  treachery  was  designed,  —  that  the  Indians  intended  to  murder  those  in 
the  council,  and  then  destroy  those  in  the  fort.  The  port  holes  were  open,  displaying 
cannons  pointing  directly  upon  the  council.  This  action,  it  is  supposed,  prevented  a 
massacre  at  that  time. 

Mr.  Kinzie,  who  knew  the  Indians  well,  begged  Capt.  Heakl  not  to  confide  in  their 
promises,  or  distribute  the  arms  and  ammunition  among  theui,  for  it  would  only  put 
power  in  their  hands  to  destroy  the  whiles.  This  argument,  true  and  excellent  in  itself, 
was  now  certainly  inopportune,  and  would  only  incense  tlie  treacherous  foe.  But  the 
Captain  resolved  to  follow  it,  and  accordingly  on  the  night  of  the  l:Uh,  after  the  distri- 
bution of  the  other  property,  the  arms  were  broken,  and  the  liarrels  of  whisky,  of  which 
there  was  a  large  (juaiility,  were  rolled  (luietly  through  the  sally-port,  their  heads 
knocked  in  ami  their  contents  emptied  into  the  river.  On  that  night  the  lurking  red- 
skins crept  near  the  fort  and  discovered  the  destruction  of  the  promised  booty  going  on 
within.  Tlib  next  morning  the  powder  was  seen  floating  on  the  surface  of  the  river,  and 
the  Indians  asserted  that  such  an  abundance  of  "  fire-water"  liad  been  emptied  into  the 
river  as  to  make  it  taste  "  groggy."     Many  of  them  drank  of  it  freel}-. 

On  the  11th  the  desponding  garrison  was  somewhat  cheered  by  the  arrival  of  Capt. 


1 


GENERAL   HISTORY   OF   ILLINOIS. 


101 


Wells,  with  15  friendly  Miamis.  Capt.  Wells  heard  at  Fort  Wayne  of  the  order  to  evacu- 
ate Fort  Dearborn,  and  knowing  the  hostile  intentions  of  the  Indians,  made  a  rapid  march 
through  the  wilderness  to  protect,  if  possible,  his  niece,  Mrs.  Heald,  and  the  officers  and 
the  garrison  from  certain  destruction.  But  he  came  too  late.  Every  means  for  its 
defense  had  been  destroyed  the  night  before,  and  arrangements  were  made  for  leaving 
the  fort  on  the  following  morning. 

The  fatal  morning  of  the  16th  at  length  dawned  brightly  on  the  world.  The  sun 
shone  in  unclouded  splendor  upon  the  glass}'  waters  of  Lake  Michigan.  At  9  A.  m.,  the 
party  moved  out  of  the  southern  gate  of  the  fort,  in  military  arra}'.  The  band,  feeling 
the  solemnity  of  the  occasion,  struck  up  the  Dead  March  in  Saul.  Capt.  Wells,  Avitli  his 
face  blackened  after  the  manner  of  the  Indians,  led  the  advance  guard  at  the  head  of 
liis  friendly  Miamis,  the  garrison  with  loaded  arms,  the  baggage  wagons  with  the  sick, 
and  the  women  and  children  following,  while  the  Pottawatomie  Indians,  about  500  in 


OLD   FORT  DEABBORN. 


number,  who  had  pledged  their  honor  to  escort  the  whites  in  safety  to  Fort  Wayne, 
l)rought  up  tlie  rear.  The  party  took  the  road  along  the  lake  shore.  On  reaching  the 
range  of  sand-hills  separating  the  beach  from  the  prairie,  about  one  mile  and  a  half  from 
the  fort,  the  Indians  defiled  to  the  right  into  the  prairie,  bringing  the  sand-hills  between 
them  and  the  whites.  This  divergence  was  scarcely  effected  when  Capt.  Wells,  who  had 
kept  in  advance  with  his  Indians,  rode  furiously  back  and  exclaimed,  "  They  are  aljout 
to  attack  us.  Form  instantly  and  charge  upon  them  !"  These  words  were  scarcely 
uttered  before  a  volley  of  balls  from  Indian  muskets  was  poured  in  upon  them.  The 
troops  were  liastily  formed  into  line  and  charged  up  the  bank.  One  veteran 
of  70  fell  as  they  ascended.  The  Indians  were  driven  back  to  the  prairie,  and 
then  the  battle  was  waged  by  5-1  soldiers,  12  civilians,  and  three  or  four  women  —  the 
cowardly  Miamis  having  fled  at  the  outset  —  against  500   Indian    warriors.     The  whites 


102  OENEHAI,   HISTORY   OP   ILLINOIS. 

behaved  gallantly,  and  sold  their  lives  dearly.  They  fought  desperately  until  two-thirds 
of  their  number  were  slain  ;  the  remaining  27  surrendered.  And  now  the  most  sicken- 
ing and  heart-rending  butchery  of  this  calamitous  day  was  conimitied  by  a  young  sav- 
age, who  assailed  one  of  the  baggage  wagons  containing  12  children,  every  one  of  which 
fell  beneath  his  murderous  tomahawk.  When  Capt.  Wells,  wlio  witii  the  others  had 
become  prisoni-r,  beiield  tiiis  scene  at  a  distance,  he  exclaimed  in  a  tone  loud  enough  to 
be  heard  by  the  savages,  "  If  this  be  your  game,  I  can  kill,  too;"  and  turning  his  horse, 
started  for  the  place  where  the  Indians  had  left  their  sijuaws  and  children.  The  Indians 
hotly  pursued,  but  he  avoided  their  deadly  bullets  for  a  time.  Soon  his  horse  was  killed 
and  he  severely  wounded.  Witii  a  yell  tlie  young  l)raves  rushed  to  make  him  their  pris- 
oner and  reserve  him  for  torture.  But  an  enraged  warrior  stabl)ed  liim  in  the  back,  and 
he  fell  dead.  His  heart  was  afterward  taken  out,  cut  in  pieces  and  distributed  among 
the  tribes.  Billy  Caldwell,  a  half-breed  Wyandot,  well-known  in  Chicago  long  after- 
ward, buried  his  remains  the  next  day.  Wells  street  in  Chicago,  perpetuates  his 
memory. 

In  this  fearful  conbat  women  bore  a  conspicuous  part.  A  wife  of  one  of  thi  soldiers, 
\\ho  had  frequently  heard  that  the  Indians  subjected  their  prisoners  to  tortures  worse 
than  de.ith,  resolved  not  to  Im  taken  alive,  and  continued  fighting  until  she  was  literally 
cut  to  pieces.  Mrs.  Heald  wiis  an  excellent  equestrian,  and  an  expert  in  the  use  of  the 
rifle.  .She  fought  bravely,  receiving  several  wounds.  Though  faint  from  loss  of  blood, 
she  managed  to  keep  in  her  saddle.  A  savage  raised  his  tomahawk  to  kill  her,  when  she 
looked  liini  full  in  the  face,  and  with  a  sweet  smile  and  gentle  voice  said,  in  iiis  own 
language,  "  Surely  you  would  not  kill  a  squaw."  Tiie  arm  of  the  savage  fell,  and  the  life 
of  this  heroic  woman  was  saved.  Mrs.  Helm  had  an  encounter  with  a  stalwart  Indian, 
wiio  attempted  to  tomahawk  her.  Springing  to  one  side,  she  received  the  glancing  blow 
on  her  shoulder,  and  at  the  same  time  she  seized  the  savage  round  the  neck  and  en- 
deavored to  get  his  sc.ilping-knife  which  hung  in  a  sheath  at  his  breast.  While  siie  was 
thus  struggling,  slie  was  dragged  from  his  grasp  by  anothe."  and  an  older  Indian.  Tiie 
latter  bore  her,  struggling  and  resisting,  to  the  lake  a'ld  plunged  her  in.  She  sm>n  per- 
ceiveil  it  was  not  his  intention  to  drown  her,  because  he  iield  lier  in  such  a  position  as  to 
keep  iier  head  out  of  the  water.  She  recognized  him  to  be  a  celebrated  (diief  called  Black 
Partridge.     Wlieii  the  firing  ceased  siie  was  conducted  up  tlic  sand-bank. 

SLAUGHTER  OF   PRISON ER.S. 

The  prisoners  were  taken  back  to  the  Indian  camp,  wiiei:  a  new  scene  of  horror  was 
enacted.  The  wounded  not  being  included  in  tlie  terms  of  the  surrender,  as  it  was  in- 
terpreted iiy  the  Indians,  and  the  British  general.  Proctor,  liaving  ofTereil  a  lilieral  biiunty 
f)r  American  scalps,  nearly  all  tlie  wounded  were  killed  and  scalped,  and  tiie  price  of  the 
trophies  was  afterwards  paitl  by  the  liritisli  general.  In  tiie  stipulation  of  surrender, 
Capt.  Heald  had  not  iiarticularly  mentioned  the  wounded.  Tiiese  helpless  siifl'erers,  on 
reaching  the  Indian  camp,  were  therefore  regarded  liy  tiie  brutal  savages  as  fit  subjects 
upon  which  to  display  their  cruelty  and  satisfy  their  desire  for  blood.  Referring  to  the 
terrible  Imtcher}'  of  the  prisoners,  in  an  account  given  by  Mrs.  Helm,  she  says:  "  An 
old  squaw,  infuriated  liy  the  lossjof  friends  or  excited  by  the  sanguinary  scenes  around 
her,  seemed  possessed  of  demoniac  fury.  She  seized  a  stable-fork  and  assaulted  one 
miserable  victim,  w!io  la}'  groaning  and  writiiiiig  in  the  agonies  of  ids  wound,  aggravated 
by  the  scorching  beams  of  the  sun.  Witii  a  delicacy  of  feeling,  scarcely  to  have  been 
expected  under  sucli  circumstances,  Wan-liee-nee-wan  stretched  a  mat  across  two  poles, 
iietween  me  and  this  dreadful  scene.  I  was  thus  spared,  in  some  degree,  a  view  of  its 
horrors,  altiioiigh  I  eoiild  not  entirely  close  my  ears  to  the  cries  of  tiie  sufferer.  The 
following  uiglit  five  UKU'e  of  the  wounded  prisoners  were  tomahawked." 


GEXERAL   HISTORY   OF   ILLIXOIS. 


103 


KINZIE   FAMILY  SAVED. 

That  evening,  about  sundown,  a  council  of  chiefs  was  held  to  decide  the  fate  of  the 
prisoners,  and  it  was  agreed  to  deliver  them  to  the  British  commander  at  Detroit.  After 
dark,  many  warriors  frcm  a  distance  came  into  camp,  who  were  thirsting  for  blood,  and 
were  determined  to  murder  the  prisoners  regardless  of  the  terms  of  surrender.  Black 
Partridge,  with  a  few  of  his  friends,  surrounded  Kinzie's  house  to  protect  the  inmates 
from  the  tomahawks  of  the  bloodthirsty  savages.  Soon_a  band  of  hostile  warriors  rushed 
bj'  them  into  the  house,  and  stood  with  tomahawks  and  scalping-knives,  awaiting  the 
signal  from  their  chief  to  commence  the  work  of  death.  Black  Partridge  said  to  Mrs. 
Kinzie  :  "  We  are  doing  every  thing  in  our  power  to  save  j'ou,  but  all  is  now  lost ;  you 
and  your  friends,  together  with  all  the  prisoners  of  the  camp,  will  now  be  slain."  At 
that  moment  a  canoe  was  heard  approaching  the  shore,  when  Black  Partridge  ran  down 
to  the  river,  trying  in  the  darkness  to  make  out  the  new  comers,  and  at  the  same  time 


OLD   KINZIE   HOUSE. 


shouted,  "  Who  are  you  ?"  In  the  bow  of  the  approaching  canoe  stood  a  tall,  manly 
personage,  with  a  rifle  in  his  hand.  He  jumped  ashore  exclaiming,  "  I  am  Sau-ga-nash." 
"Then  make  all  speed  to  the  house;  our  friends  are  in  danger,  aud  you  only  can  save 
them."  It  was  Billy  Caldwell,  the  lialf-breed  Wyandot.  He  hurried  forward,  entered 
tlie  house  with  a  resolute  step,  deliberately  removed  his  accoutrements,  placed  liis  rifle 
behind  the  door,  and  saluted  the  Indians  :  "  How  now,  my  friends !  a  good  day  to  you. 
I  was  told  there  were  enemies  here,  but  am  glad  to  find  only  friends."  Diverted  by  the 
coolness  of  his  manner,  they  were  ashamed  to  avow  their  murderous  purpose,  and  simply 
asked  for  some  cotton  goods  to  wrap  their  dead,  for  burial.  And  thus,  by  his  presence 
of  mind,  Caldwell  averted  the  murder  of  tlie  Kinzie  famil}'  and  the  prisoners.  The  latter, 
with  their  wives  and  children,  were  dispersed  among  the  Pottawatomie  tribes  along  tlie 
Illinois,  Rock,  and  Wabash  rivers,  and  some  to  Milwaukee.  The  most  of  tliem  were 
ransomed  at  Detroit  the  following  Spring.  A  part  of  them,  however,  remained  in 
captivit}^  another  year. 


104  GENERAI,   HISTORY   OF  ILLIXOIS. 

EXPEDITION   AGAINST   THE   INDIANS. 

By  the  middle  of  August,  through  the  disgraceful  surrender  of  Gen.  Hull,  at  De- 
troit, and  the  evacuation  of  Fort  Dearborn  and  massacre  of  its  garrison,  the  British  and 
Indians  were  in  possession  of  tlie  whole  Northwest.  The  savages,  emboldened  by  their 
successes,  penetrated  deeper  into  the  settlements,  committing  great  depredations.  The 
activity  and  success  of  the  enemy  aroused  the  people  to  a  realization  of  the  great  danger 
their  homes  and  families  were  in.  Gov.  Edwards  collected  a  force  of  350  men  at  Camp 
Russell,  and  Capt.  Russell  came  from  Vincennes  with  about  .50  more.  Being  officered 
and  equipped,  they  proceeded  about  the  middle  of  October  on  horseback,  carrying  with 
them  twenty  days'  rations,  to  Peoria.  Capt.  Craig  was  sent  with  two  boats  up  the  Illi- 
nois, with  provisions  and  tools  to  build  a  fort.  The  little  army  proceeded  to  Peoria  lake, 
where  was  located  a  Pottawatomie  village.  They  arrived  late  at  night,  within  a  few 
miles  of  the  village,  without  their  presence  being  known  to  the  Indians.  Four  men  were 
sent  out  that  night  to  reconnoiter  the  position  of  the  village.  The  four  brave  men  who 
volunteered  for  this  perilous  service  were  Thomas  Carlin  (afterward  Governor),  and 
Robert,  Stephen  and  Davis  Whiteside.  They  proceeded  to  the  village  and  explored  it 
and  the  approaches  to  it  thoroughly,  without  starting  an  Indian  or  provoking  the  bark 
of  a  dog.  The  low  lands  between  the  Indian  village  and  the  troops  were  covered  with  a 
rank  growth  of  tall  grass,  so  high  and  dense  as  to  readily  conceal  an  Indian  on  horse- 
back, until  within  a  few  feet  of  him.  The  ground  had  become  still  more  yielding  by 
recent  rains,  rendering  it  almost  impassable  by  mounted  men.  To  prevent  detection,  the 
soldiers  had  camped  without  lighting  the  usual  cumji-fires.  The  men  lay  down  in  their 
cold  and  cheerless  camp,  witli  many  misgivings.  They  well  remembered  how  the  skulk- 
ing savages  fell  upon  Harrison's  men  at  Tippecanoe  during  the  night.  To  add  to  their 
fears,  a  gun  in  the  hands  of  a  soldier  was  carelessly  discharged,  raising  great  consterna- 
tion in  the  camp. 

AN   INDIAN    KILLED. 

Through  a  dense  fog  which  prevailed  the  following  morning,  the  army  took  up  its 
line  of  march  for  tiie  Indian  town,  Capt.  .ludy  with  his  corps  of  sj)ies  in  advance.  In 
the  tall  grass  they  came  up  with  an  Indian  and  his  sipiaw,  both  mounted.  The  Indian 
wanted  to  surrender,  but  .ludy  observed  that  he  "  did  not  leave  homo  to  take  prisoners," 
and  instantly  shot  one  of  them.  With  the  blood  streaming  from  his  mouth  and  nose, 
and  in  his  agony  "  singing  the  death  song,"  the  dying  Indian  raised  hi.x  gun,  shot  and 
mortally  wouiuled  a  Mr.  Wright,  and  in  a  few  minutes  expired.  Many  guns  were  im- 
mediately discharged  at  the  other  Indian,  not  tlien  known  to  l)e  a  squaw,  all  of  which 
missed  her.  Badly  scared,  and  lier  husband  killed  by  iier  side,  the  agonizing  wails  of  the 
scjuaw  were  heart-rending.  Siic  was  taken  prisoner,  and  afterward  restored  to  her 
nation. 

TOWN    BURNED. 

On  nearing  the  town  a  general  charge  was  made,  the  Indians  fleeing  to  the  interior 
wilderness.  Some  of  their  warriors  made  a  stand,  when  a  sharji  engagement  occurred, 
but  the  Indians  were  routed.  In  their  flight  thi'V  left  behind  all  tlieir  Winter's  store 
of  provisions,  which  was  taken,  and  their  town  burned.  Some  Indian  children  were 
found  who  had  been  left  in  the  liurricd  flight,  also  some  disabled  adults,  one  of  whom 
was  in  a  starving  condition  and  with  a  voracious  appetite  partook  of  the  i>read  given  him. 
He  is  said  to  have  l)een  killed  by  a  cowardly  trooper  straggling  behind,  after  the  main 
army  had  resumed  its  retrograde  march,  who  wanted  to  be  able  to  boast  that  he  had  killed 
an  Indian. 

.\boul  the  timi!  Gov.  lOdwaids  started  with  his  little  band  against  the  Indians,  (Jen. 
Hopkins,  with    'J, 000   Kentucky   rillcmen,  left    Vincennes  to  cross  the  prairies  of  Illinois 


GENERAL  HISTORY   OF   ILLINOIS. 


105 


PONTIAC.  THE  OTTAWA  CHIEF. 


106  GENERAL   HISTORY   OP   ILLINOIS. 

and  destroy  the  Indian  villages  along  the  Illinois  river.  Edwards,  with  his  rangers,  ex- 
pected to  act  in  concert  with  Gen.  Hopkins'  riflemen.  After  marching  80  or  90  miles 
into  the  enemy's  country.  Gen.  Hopkins"  men  became  dissatisfied,  and  on  Oct.  "20  the 
entire  army  turned  and  retreated  homeward  before  even  a  foe  had  been  met.  After  the 
victory  of  the  Illinois  rangers  they  heard  nothing  of  Gen.  Hopkins  and  his  2,000  mounted 
Kentucky  riflemen ;  and  apprehending  that  a  large  force  of  warriors  would  be  speedily  col- 
lected, it  was  deemed  prudent  not  to  protract  their  stay,  and  accordingly  the  retrograde 
march  was  commenced  the  very  day  of  the  attack. 

PEORIA   BTJKNED. 

The  force  of  Capt.  Craig,  in  charge  of  the  provision  boats,  was  not  idle  during  this 
time.  They  proceeded  to  Peoria,  where  they  were  fired  on  by  ten  Indians  during  the 
night,  who  immediately  fled.  Capt.  Craig  discovered,  at  daylight,  their  tracks  leading 
up  into  the  French  town.  He  inquired  of  the  French  their  whereabouts,  who  denied  all 
knowledge  of  them,  and  said  they  "  had  heard  or  seen  nothing ; "  but  he  took  the  entire 
number  prisoners,  burned  and  destroyed  Peoria,  and  bore  the  captured  inhabitants  away 
on  his  boats  to  a  point  below  the  present  city  of  Alton,  where  he  landed  and  left  them 
in  the  woods, — men,  women  and  children. — in  the  inclement  month  of  November,  with- 
out shelter,  and  without  food  other  than  the  slender  stores  they  had  themselves  gathered 
up  before  their  departure.  They  found  their  way  to  St.  Louis  in  an  almost  starving 
condition.  The  burning  of  Peoria  and  taking  its  inhabitants  prisoners,  on  the  mere 
suspicion  that  they  sympathized  with  the  Indians,  was  generally  regarded  as  a  needless, 
if  not  wanton,  act  of  military  power. 

SECOND   EXPEDITION   AGAINST   THE   INDIANS. 

In  the  early  part  of  1813,  the  country  was  put  in  as  good  defense  as  the  sparse  pop- 
ulation admitted.  In  spite  of  the  precaution  taken,  numerous  depredations  and  murders 
were  committed  by  the  Indians,  which  again  aroused  the  whites,  and  another  expedition 
was  sent  against  the  foe,  who  had  collected  in  large  numbers  in  and  around  Peoria. 
This  army  was  composed  of  about  000  men,  collected  from  both  Illinois  and  Missouri, 
and  under  command  of  Gen.  Howard.  They  marched  across  the  broad  prairies  of  Illinois 
to  Peoria,  where  there  was  a  small  stockade  in  charge  of  United  States  troops.  Two 
days  previously  the  Indians  made  an  attack  on  the  fort,  but  were  repulsed.  Being  in  the 
enemy's  country,  knowing  their  stealthy  habits,  and  the  troops  at  no  time  observing  a 
high  degree  of  discipline,  many  unnecessary  night  alarms  occurred,  yet  the  enemy  were 
far  away.  Tlie  arm\"  marched  uji  the  lake  to  Chillicothe,  burning  on  its  way  two  deserted 
villages.  At  the  present  site  of  Peoria  the  troops  remained  in  camp  several  weeks. 
While  there  they  built  a  fort,  which  they  named  in  honor  of  Gen.  George  Rogers  Clark, 
who  with  his  brave  Virginians  wrested  Illinois  from  the  Flnglisli  during  the  Revolutionary 
struggle.  This  fort  was  destroyed  by  fire  in  1818.  It  gave  a  name  to  Peoria  which  it 
wore  for  several  years.  After  the  building  of  Fort  Crevecoeur,  in  1680,  Peoria  lake  was 
very  familiar  to  Western  travel  and  history  ;  but  there  is  no  authentic  account  of  a  per- 
manent European  settlement  there  until  1778,  when  La  Ville  de  Meillet.  mimed  after  its 
founder,  was  started.  (Jwing  to  the  quality  of  the  water  and  its  greater  salubrity,  the 
location  was  changed  to  the  present  site  of  Peoria,  and  by  1706  the  old  had  been  entirely 
abandoned  for  the  new  village.  After  its  destruction  in  1812  it  was  not  settled  again 
until  1810,  and  then  by  American  pioneers,  though  in  1813  Fort  Clark  was  built  there. 

KXPEDITION    UP   THE   MISSISSIPPI. 

The  second  campaign  against  the  Indians  at  Peoria  closed  without  an  engagement, 
or  even  a  sight  of  the  enemy,  yet  great  was  the  benefit  derived  from  it.  It  siiowed  to 
the  Indian  the  power  and  resources  of  his  white  foe.       Still  the  calendar  of  the  horrible 


GENERAL   HISTORY   OF  ILLINOIS.  107 

deeds  of  butchery  of  the  following  year  is  long  and  bloody.  A  joint  expedition  again 
moved  against  the  Indians  in  1814,  under  Gov.  Clark,  of  Missouri.  This  time  they  went 
up  the  Mississippi  in  barges,  Prairie  du  Chien  being  the  point  of  destination.  There  they 
found  a  small  garrison  of  British  troops,  which,  however,  soon  fled,  as  did  the  inhabi- 
tants, leaving  Clark  in  full  possession.  He  immediately  set  to  work  and  erected  Fort 
Shelby.  The  Governor  returned  to  St.  Louis,  leaving  his  men  in  peaceable  possession  of 
the  place,  but  a  large  force  of  British  and  Indians  came  down  upon  them,  and  the  entire 
garrison  surrendered.  In  the  mean  time  Gen.  Howard  sent  108  men  to  strengthen  the 
garrison.  Of  this  number  66  were  Illinois  rangers,  under  Capts.  Rector  and  Riggs,  who 
occupied  two  boats.     The  remainder  were  with  Lieut.  Campbell. 

A   DESPERATE   FIGHT. 

At  Rock  Island  Campbell  was  warned  to  turn  back,  as  an  attack  was  contemplated. 
The  other  boats  passed  on  up  the  river  and  were  some  two  miles  ahead  when  Campbell's 
barge  was  struck  by  a  strong  gale  which  forced  it  against  a  small  island  near  the  Illinois 
shore.  Thinking  it  best  to  lie  to  till  the  wind  abated,  sentinels  were  stationed  while  the 
men  went  ashore  to  cook  breakfast.  At  this  time  a  large  number  of  Indians  on  the  main 
shore  under  Black  Hawk  commenced  an  attack.  The  savages  in  canoes  passed  rapidly 
to  the  island,  and  with  a  war-whooj)  rushed  upon  the  men,  who  retreated  and  sought 
refuge  in  the  barge.  A  battle  of  brisk  musketry  now  ensued  between  the  few  regulars 
aboard  the  stranded  barge  and  the  hordes  of  Indians  under  cover  of  trees  on  the  island, 
with  severe  loss  to  the  former.  Meanwhile  Capts.  Rector  and  Riggs,  ahead  with  their 
barges,  seeing  the  smoke  of  battle,  attempted  to  return  ;  but  in  the  strong  gale,  Riggs' 
boat  became  unmanageable  and  was  stranded  on  the  rapids.  Rector,  to  avoid  a  similar 
disaster,  let  go  his  anchor.  The  rangers,  however,  opened  with  good  aim  and  telling 
effect  upon  the  savages.  The  unequal  combat  having  raged  for  some  time  and  about 
closing,  the  commander's  barge,  with  many  wounded  and  several  dead  on  board — among 
the  former  Lieut.  Campbell — was  discovered  to  be  on  fire.  Now  Rector  and  his  brave 
Illinois  rangers,  comprehending  the  horrid  situation,  performed,  without  delay,  as  cool 
and  heroic  a  deed — and  did  it  well — as  ever  imperiled  the  life  of  mortal  man.  In  the 
howling  gale,  in  full  view  of  hundreds  of  infuriated  savages,  and  within  range  of  their 
rifles,  the}^  deliberately  raised  anchor,  lightened  their  barge  by  casting  overboard  quanti- 
ties of  provisions,  and  guided  it  with  the  utmost  labor  down  the  swift  current,  to  the 
windward  of  the  burning  barge, -and  under  the  galling  fire  of  the  enemy  rescued  all  the 
survivors,  and  removed  the  wounded  and  dying  to  their  vessel.  This  was  a  deed  of  noble 
daring  and  as  heroic  as  any  performed  during  the  war  in  the  West.  Rector  hurried  with 
his  over-crowded  vessel  to  St.  Louis. 

It  was  now  feared  that  Riggs  and  his  company  were  captured  and  sacrificed  by  the 
savages.  His  vessel,  which  was  strong  and  well  armed,  was  for  a  time  surrounded  by 
the  Indians,  but  the  whites  on  the  inside  were  well  sheltered.  The  wind  becoming 
allayed  in  the  evening,  the  boat,  under  cover  of  the  night,  glided  safely  down  the  river 
without  the  loss  of  a  single  man. 

ANOTHER   EXPEDITION. 

Notwithstanding  the  disastrous  termination  of  the  two  expeditions  already  sent  out, 
during  the  year  1814,  still  another  was  projected.  It  was  under  Maj.  Zachary  Taylor, 
afterward  President.  Rector  and  Whiteside,  with  the  Illinoisan,  were  in  command  of 
boats.  The  expedition  passed  Rock  Island  unmolested,  when  it  was  learned  the  country 
was  not  only  swarming  with  Indians,  but  that  the  English  were  there  in  command  with 
a  detachment  of  regulars  and  artillery.  The  advanced  boats  in  command  of  Rector, 
Whiteside  and  Hempstead,  turned  about  and  began  to  descend  the  rapids,  fighting  with 


108  r.KXEHAi,  nisTonv  of  Illinois. 

great  gallantry  the  hordes  of  the  enemy,  who  were  pouring  their  fire  into  them  from  the 
shore  at  every  step. 

Near  the  mouth  of  Rock  river  Maj.  Taylor  anchored  his  fleet  out  in  the  Mississippi. 
Durinj^  the  night  the  English  planted  a  battery  of  six  pieces  down  at  the  water's  edge, 
to  sink  or  disable  the  boats,  and  filled  the  islands  with  redskins  to  butcher  the  whites, 
who  might,  unarmed,  seek  refuge  there.  But  in  this  scheme  they  were  frustrated.  In 
the  morning  Taylor  ordered  all  the  force,  except  20  boatmen  on  each  vessel,  to  the  upper 
island  to  dislodge  the  enemy.  The  order  was  executed  with  great  gallantry,  the  island 
scoured,  many  of  the  savages  killed,  and  the  rest  driven  to  the  lower  island.  In  the 
meantime  the  British  cannon  told  with  effect  upon  the  fleet.  The  men  rushed  back  and 
the  boats  were  dropped  down  the  stream  out  of  range  of  the  cannon.  Capt.  Rector  was 
now  ordered  with  his  company  to  make  a  sortie  on  the  lower  island,  which  he  did,  driving 
the  Indians  back  among  the  willows ;  but  they  being  re-inforced,  in  turn  hurled  Rector 
back  upon  the  sand-beach. 

A  council  of  oSicers  called  by  Taylor  had  by  this  time  decided  that  their  force  was 
too  small  to  contend  with  the  enemy,  who  outnumbered  them  three  to  one,  and  the  boats 
were  in  full  retreat  down  the  river.  As  Rector  attempted  to  get  under  way  his  boat 
grounded,  and  the  savages,  witli  demoniac  yells,  surrounded  it.  when  a  most  desperate 
hand-to-hand  conflict  ensued.  The  gallant  ranger,  Samuel  Whiteside,  observing  the 
imminent  peril  of  his  brave  Illinois  comrade,  went  immediately  to  his  rescue,  who  but 
for  his  timely  aid  would  undoubtedly  hav'e  been  overpowered,  with  all  his  force,  and 
murdered. 

Thus  ended  the  last,  like  the  two  previous  expeditions  up  the  Mississippi  during  the 
war  of  1812,  in  defeat  and  disaster.  The  enemy  was  in  undisputed  possession  of  all  the 
country  north  of  the  Illinois  river,  and  the  prospects  respecting  those  territories  boded 
nothing  but  gloom.  With  the  approach  of  Winter,  however,  Indian  depredations  ceased 
to  be  committed,  and  the  peace  of  Ghent,  Dec.  24,  1814,  closed  the  war. 


CHAPTEJ^  \'ir. 

ILLINOIS  TERRITORY  ADMITTED  AS  A  STATE. 

Constitutional  Convention — Meeting  of  the  Convention  —  Constitution  .\dopled  —  Arbitrary  Features  —  First 
Election  Under  the  Constitution  —  Lincoln  — Grant  —  Rawlins  —  Douglas  —  Shields  —  lUinoisans  in  the  War 
of  the  Rebellion  —  Elias  Kent  Kane  —  Congrcssion.il  Act  of  Admission  —  Houndary  (Question  —  Boundary  Con- 
ventions —  Attempt  to  form  Another  Territory —  Failure  of  the  Attempt  —  Shadrach  Bond  —  I'icrrc  Menard  — 
Other  State  Oniccrs — Meeting  of  the  General  Assembly  —  Financi.al —  Territorial  Revenue  —  Slate  Revenue 
—  How  Collected  —  The  Whipping  I'osl  —  Earthquakes. 

On  the  18th  day  of  April,  1818,  the  Congress  of  the  United  States  passed  an  act 
entitled  "  An  act  to  enable  the  people  of  the  Territory  of  Illinois  to  form  a  constitution 
and  State  government,  and  for  the  admission  of  such  State  into  the  Union  on  an  ciiiial 
footing  with  the  original  States."  Immediately  after  tlie  passage,  approval  and  publica- 
tion of  this  act,  an  election  was  ordered  to  choose  delegates  to  form  a  State  convention. 

At  this  time  there  were  fifteen  organized  counties  in  the  territory,  all  in  the  southern 
part  of  the  State,  to  which  section  the  settlement  of  the  territory  liad  been  confined. 
These  counties  were  organized  in  the  following  clironological  order : 

St.  Clair,  1790  ;   liandolph,  1795 ;  Madison,  Gallatin  and  Johnson,  1812 ;  Edwards, 


GENERAL   HISTf)RY   OF   ILLINOIS.  109 

1814 ;  White,  Monroe,  Pope   and  Jackson,  1816 ;  Crawford  and  Bond,  1817  ;  Union, 
Washington  and  Franklin.  1818. 

MEETING   OF   THE   CONVENTION. 

The  convention  assembled  at  Kaskaskia  in  July,  of  that  year,  and  completed  its 
labors  by  signing  the  constitution  on  the  26th  day  of  August  following.  The  names  of 
the  delegates  and  the  counties  they  represented  are  subjoined: 

St.  Clair  county,  Jesse  B.  Thomas,  John  Messinger  and  James  Lemon,  Jr. 

Randolph,  George  Fisher,  Elias  Kent  Kane. 

Madison,  Benjamin  Stephenson,  Joseph  Borong,  Abraham  Pickett. 

Gallatin,  Michael  Jones,  Leonard  White,  Adolphus  Frederick  Hubbard. 

Johnson,  Kezekiah  West,  William  McFatridge. 

Edwards,  Seth  Gard,  Levi  Compton. 

White,  Willis  Hargi'ave,  William  McHenry. 

Monroe,  Caldwell  Cams,  Enoch  Moore. 

Pope,  Samuel  O'Melveney,  Hamlet  Ferguson. 

Jackson,  Conrad  Will,  James  Hall,  Jr. 

Crawford,  Joseph  Kitchell,  Edward  N.  Cullom. 

Bond,  Thomas  Kilpatrick,  Samuel  G.  Morse. 

Union,  William  Echols,  John  Whitaker. 

Washington,  Andrew  Bankson.  Bankson's  colleague  died  during  the  session  of  the 
convention. 

Franklin,  Isham  Harrison,  Thomas  Roberts. 

Jesse  B.  Thomas,  of  St.  Clair  county,  was  chosen  to  preside  over  the  deliberations 
of  the  convention,  and  William  C.  Greenup  to  be  its  secretary. 

ARBITRARY    FEATURES. 

"  The  constitution  was  not  submitted  to  a  vote  of  the  people  for  their  approval  or 
rejection  ;  nor  did  the  people  have  much  to  do  with  the  choice  or  election  of  officers  gen- 
erally under  it,  other  than  that  of  governors,  the  general  assemblies,  sheriffs  and  coronors. 
Notwithstanding  the  elective  franchise  was  in  a  blazen  manner  extended  to  all  white 
male  inhabitants  above  the  age  of  twenty-one  years,  having  a  residence  in  the  State  of 
six  months  next  preceding  an}'  election,  which  it  will  be  perceived  included  aliens,  and 
possibly  invited  immigration,  there  was  scarcely  an  office  left  to  be  filled  by  its  exercise." 
— [Stuve's  History  of  111.,  p.  297.] 

Says  Mr.  Ford :  "  The  Constitution,  as  formed,  required  the  Governor  and  Lieu- 
tenant Governor  to  have  been  citizens  of  the  United  States  for  thirty  years  before  their 
election.  It  also  gave  power  to  the  Governor  to  nominate,  and  the  Senate  to  confirm, 
all  officers  whose  appointments  were  not  otherwise  provided  for  by  the  Constitution ; 
the  only  exceptions  to  this  rule  being  the  judges  of  the  supreme  and  inferior  courts. 
State  Treasurer  and  public  printer.  But  motives  of  favor  to  particular  persons  who  were 
looked  to  to  hold  office  under  the  new  government,  induced  the  convention  to  make  excep- 
tions in  both  these  cases,  which,  in  the  case  of  appointments  to  office  in  the  hands  of  the 
Legislature,  became  the  general  rule." 

Thus  it  seems  that  "  the  electors  of  the  people  were  not  entrusted  with  the  choice 
of  State  officers  other  than  mentioned  ;  nor  of  their  judges,  either  supreme,  circuit  or 
probate  ;  nor  of  their  prosecuting  attorneys,  county  or  circuit  clerks,  recorders  or  justices 
of  the  peace  ;  the  appointment  of  nearl}'  all  of  these  being  vested  in  the  General  Assem- 
bly, which  body  was  not  slow  to  avail  itself  of  the  powers  thus  conferred  to  their  full 
extent."  *  *  *  a  ^\^q  Governor  was  denied  the  veto  power,  but,  jointly  with 
the  four  Supreme  Judges,  was  constituted  a  council  to  revise  all  l)ills  passed.  For  this 
purpose  the  judges  were  required  to  attend  at  the  seat  of  government  during  the  sessions 


110  GENERAL   HISTORY  OF  ILLINOIS 

of  the  Legislature,  without  compensation.  If  the  council  of  revision,  or  a  majority, 
deemed  it  impioper  for  any  bill  to  become  a  law,  their  objections  were  noted  in  writing  ; 
but  the  Ijill  might,  notwithstanding,  be  passed  over  their  objections,  by  a  majority,  and 
become  a  law.  While  the  Executive  is  commonly  a  co-ordinate  branch  of  the  law- 
making power,  here  he  was  entirely  stripped,  and  while  the  judicial  department  is  never 
tlius  vested,  here  it  was  clothed  with  a  quasi  legislative  prerogative." 

Mr.  Stuve  continues :  "  The  Constitution  was  about  the  first  organic  law  of  any 
State  in  tiie  Union  to  abolish  imprisonment  for  debt.  It  did  not  prohibit  the  Legislature 
from  granting  divorces,  and  this  was  a  fruitful  source  of  legislation,  as  the  old  statutes 
abundantly  testif}'.  But  its  worst  feature,  perhaps,  was  the  want  of  limitation  against 
the  Legislature  loaning  or  pledging  the  faith  and  credit  of  tlie  State  in  aid  of,  or  to  the 
undertaking  of,  any  public  or  private  enterprise,  or  to  the  aid  of  individuals,  associations 
or  corporations.  The  absence  of  such  most  necessary  limitations,  caused  her  repeated 
connections  afterwards  with  banking  schemes,  and  her  undertaking  the  vast  system  of 
internal  improvements  in  1837,  all  of  which  proved  detrimental  to  her  credit,  harassing 
and  expensive  to  her  finances,  and  came  near  bankrupting  and  completing  her  ruin." 

Section  eighteen  of  article  two  provided  that  "  the  General  Assembly  of  this  State 
shall  not  allow  the  following  ofiBcers  of  the  government  greater  or  smaller  annual  salaries 
than  as  follows,  until  the  year  one  thousand  eight  hundred  and  twenty-four  :  the  Gover- 
nor, one  thousand  dollars ;  and  the  Secretary  of  State,  six  hundred  dollars." 

Section  two  of  article  three :  "  The  first  election  for  governor  shall  commence  on 
the  third  Thursday  of  September  next  (1818),  and  continue  for  that  and  the  two  succeed- 
ing days  ;  and  the  next  election  shall  be  held  on  the  first  Monday  of  August,  in  the  year 
of  our  Lord  one  thousand  eight  hundred  and  twenty-one.  And  forever  after,  elections 
for  governor  shall  be  held  once  in  four  years,  on  the  first  Monday  of  August." 

Section  tiiree  of  the  same  article :  "  The  first  governor  shall  hold  his  office  until 
the  first  Monday  of  December,  in  the  year  of  our  Lord  one  thousand  eight  hundred  and 
twenty-two,  and  until  another  governor  shall  be  elected  and  (jualified  to  office;  and  for- 
ever after,  the  governor  shall  hold  his  office  for  the  term  of  four  years,  and  until  another 
governor  shall  be  elected  and  qualified,  but  he  shall  not  be  eligible  for  more  than  four 
years  in  any  term  of  eight  years,"  etc. 

FIRST   ELECTION   UNDER  THE  CONSTITUTION. 

Pursuant  to  section  two  of  article  two  of  the  Constitution,  the  first  election  for 
governor,  lieutenant-governor,  secretary  of  state,  members  of  the  Senate  and  House 
of  Representatives,  etc.,  commenced  on  the  third  Thursday  of  September,  1818,  and  con- 
tinued for  two  days  thereafter. 

Tlie  poll  books  of  the  several  voting  places  in  the  fifteen  organized  counties  that 
made  up  the  State  of  Illinois  at  that  time,  would  be  interesting  now  if  it  were  possible 
to  secure  them.  But  very  few,  if  any,  of  the  voters  at  that  election,  are  spared  to  the 
present.  Almost  sixty-seven  years  have  come  and  gone  since  tlie  first  Territorial  Legis- 
lature convened  at  Kaskiiskia,  and  sixty-one  ycai"s  liave  liecn  engulfed  in  the  vortex  of 
time  since  the  first  State  officers  were  elected,  in  September,  1818.  Since  then  tlie  people 
of  the  cominonwealtli  have  participated  in  no  less  tlian  three  wars:  tlie  Black  Hawk  war 
of  18-32,  wiiich  commenced  witiiin  the  boundaries  of  the  State,  tlie  Mexican  war,  and  the 
war  against  the  great  Southern  rebellion,  the  prolonged  and  bloody  conflict  between 
Freedom  and  Slavery,  1861-tJo. 

LINCOLN  —  GRANT  —  RAWLINS  —  DOUOLAS  —  SHIELUS. 

In  these  sixty-one  years  this  Stjite  has  given  to  the  parent  government  one  of  the 
most  successful  warrior  chieftains  known  to  history,  and  two  Presidents, —  Lincoln,  Free- 
dom's martyr,  and  U.  S.  Grant,  the  honored  guest  of  the  crowned  heads  and  titled  courts 


GENERAL  HISTORY   OF   ILLINOIS.  HI 

of  the  European  and  Oriental  world.  Besides  these,  others  of  her  sons  by  birth  and 
adoption,  arose  to  distinction  in  home  and  national  councils,  and  filled  places  of  high 
honor  and  trust  as  ministers  to  foreign  courts.  Douglas,  whose  memory  is  dear  to  every 
Illinoisan,  if  not  to  every  American  ;  Yates,  whose  intellect  was  as  exhaustless  as  the 
resources  of  the  great  State  of  his  home,  and  only  equalled  by  his  generosity  of  nature ; 
Shields,  the  hero  of  two  wars,  and  Senator  from  three  States,  Illinois,  Minnesota  and 
Missouri ;  and  John  A.  Rawlins,  the  "  noblest  Roman  of  them  all,"  who  rose  from  driver 
of  a  coal  cart  and  the  pseudonym  of  "  Charcoal  Johnny,"  to  the  exalted  position  of  the 
nation's  war  minister.  These  are  a  few,  and  only  a  few,  of  those  whose  wisdom  and 
heroic  achievements  illuminate  the  pages  of  history,  and  render  their  names  immortal 
among  the  great  men  of  earth.  They  sleep  in  honored  graves,  but  the  memory  of  their 
glorious  deeds  will  live  in  the  hearts  of  men  until  time  shall  end. 

And  when  the  nation's  life  was  imperilled  more  than  two  hundred  and  fifty  thousand 
men  sprang  from  their  prairie  homes  and  "  pledged  their  lives,  their  fortunes  and  sacred 
honors  "  in  defense  of  the  parent  government  that  fostered  and  protected  the  Common- 
wealth in  its  da3^s  of  territorial  dependency.  Heroes  every  one  of  them,  they  followed 
the  bugle's  call  wherever  and  while  ever  an  armed  foe  appeared.  Their  dead  lie  buried 
on  every  battle  field.  No  State  in  all  the  freedom-loving  North  made  a  grander  record 
or  offered  a  nobler  army  of  men.     lllini  —  tribe  of  men,  indeed  thou  art. 

Mr.  Ford,  in  his  Historj'  of  Illinois,  says  in  reference  to  the  Constitutional  Conven- 
tion and  its  members :  "  The  principal  member  of  it  was  Elias  K.  Kane,  late  a  Senator 
in  Congress,  and  now  deceased,  and  to  whose  talents  we  are  mostly  indebted  for  the 
I^eculiar  features  of  the  Constitution.  Mr.  Kane  was  boru  in  the  State  of  New  York, 
and  was  bred  to  the  profession  of  the  law.  He  removed  in  early  youth  to  Tennessee, 
where  he  rambled  about  for  some  time,  and  finally  settled  in  the  ancient  village  of  Kas- 
kaskia,  Illinois,  about  the  year  1815,  when  he  was  about  twenty  years  of  age.  His  talents 
were  both  solid  and  brilliant.  After  being  appointed  Secretary  of  State  under  the  new 
government,  he  was  elected  to  the  Legislature,  from  which  he  was  elected,  and  again 
re-elected  to  the  United  States  Senate.  He  died  a  member  of  that  body  in  the  Autumn 
of  1835 ;  and  in  memory  of  him  the  county  of  Kane,  on  Fox  river,  was  named." 

The  following  is  the  act  of  Congress  declaring  the  admission  of  the  State  of  Illinois 
into  the  Union : 

Resohtd,  by  the  Senate  and  House  of  Representatives  of  the  United  States  of  America  in  Congress  assem- 
bled. That,  whereas,  in  pursuance  of  an  act  of  Congress,  passed  on  the  eighteenth  day  of  April,  one  thousand  eight 
hundred  and  eighteen,  entitled  "  An  act  to  enable  the  people  of  Illinois  Territory  to  form  a  Constitution  and  State 
Government,  and  for  the  admission  of  such  State  into  the  Union,  on  an  equal  footing  with  the  original  States,"  the 
people  of  said  Territory  did,  on  the  twenty-sixth  day  of  August,  in  the  present  year,  by  a  convention  called  for  that 
purpose,  form  for  themselves  a  Constitution  and  State  Government,  which  Constitution  and  State  Government,  so 
formed,  is  Republican,  and  in  conformity  to  the  principles  of  the  articles  of  compact  between  the  original  States  and 
the  people  and  States  in  the  Territory  Northwest  of  the  River  Ohio,  passed  on  the  thirteenth  day  of  July,  one 
thousand  seven  hundred  and  eighty-seven.  Resolved,  by  the  Senate  and  House  of  Representatives  of  the  United 
States  of  America  in  Congress  assembled.  That  the  State  of  Illinois  shall  be  one,  and  is  hereby  declared  to  be  one, 
of  the  United  States  of  America,  and  admitted  into  the  Union  on  an  equal  footing  with  the  original  States,  in  all 
respects  whatever.     [Approved,  December  3,  1818.] 

THE   BOUNDAEY   QUESTION. 

The  act  of  Congress  of  the  18th  day  of  April,  1818.  referred  to  in  the  act  just 
quoted,  was  based  upon  the  action  of  the  Territorial  Legislature  in  session  January,  1818, 
when  a  petition  for  authority  to  organize  as  a  State  was  prepared  and  forwarded  to 
Nathaniel  Pope,  then  Territorial  delegate  in  Congress.  Mr.  Pope  lost  no  time  in  pre- 
senting the  petition  to  Congress,  and  that  body  as  promptly  referred  it  to  the  proper  com- 
mittee, and  that  committee  instructed  Mr.  Pope  to  prepare  a  bill  in  accordance  with  the 
prayer  of  the  petition.  Mr.  Pope  complied  with  the  instructions,  but  the  bill  as  orig- 
inally drafted  did  not  embrace  the  present  area  of  Illinois,  and  when  it  was  reported  to 


\\2  GENTCRAL   HISTORY   OK   ILLINOIS. 

Congress  certain  amendments  proposed  by  Mr.  Pope,  were  reported  with  it.  The  ordi- 
nance of  1787  provided  that  not  less  than  three  nor  more  than  five  States  were  to  be 
erected  out  of  the  territor)'  northwest  of  the  Ohio  River.  Three  States  were  to  include 
the  whole  territory,  and  these  States  were  to  be  bounded  on  the  north  by  the  British 
possessions,  but  Congress  reserved  the  right,  if  it  should  be  found  expedient,  to  form  two 
more  States  out  of  that  part  of  the  territory  wliich  lies  north  of  an  east  and  west  line 
drawn  through  the  southern  extremity  cf  Lake  Michigan. 

These  important  changes  in  the  original  bill,  says  Mr.  Ford  in  his  History  of  Illinois, 
"  were  proposed  and  carried  through  both  Houses  of  Congress  by  Mr.  Pope  on  his  own 
responsibility.  The  Territorial  Legislature  had  not  petitioned  for  them — no  one  had  sug- 
gested them,  but  they  met  the  general  approval  of  the  people."  The  change  of  the 
l)oundary  line,  however,  suggested  to  Mr.  Pope — from  the  fact  that  the  boundary  as 
defined  by  the  ordinance  of  1787,  would  have  left  Illinois  without  a  harbor,  on  Lake 
Michigan — did  not  meet  the  unqualified  approval  of  the  people  in  the  northwestern  part 
of  the  new  State.  For  many  years  the  northern  boundary  of  the  State  was  not  definitely 
known,  and  the  settlers  in  the  northern  tier  of  counties  did  not  know  whether  they  were 
in  Illinois  or  Michigan  Territory.  Under  the  provisions  of  the  ordinance  of  1787,  Wis- 
consin at  one  time  laid  claim  to  a  portion  of  northern  Illinois,  "including,"  saj-s  Mr. 
Ford,  writing  in  1847,  "fourteen  counties,  embracing  the  richest  and  most  populous  part 
of  the  State."  October  27,  1827,  nine  years  after  the  admission  of  the  Sute,  Dr.  Horatio 
Newhall,  who  had  then  recently  arrived  at  the  Fever  River  Settlement,  (^Galena,)  wrote 
to  his  brother,  as  follows  :  "  It  is  uncertain  whether  I  am  in  the  Ijoundary  of  Illinois  or 
Michigan,  but  direct  your  letters  to  Fever  River,  111.,  and  they  will  come  safely."  In 
October,  1828,  a  petition  was  sent  to  Congress  from  the  people  of  that  part  of  Illinois 
lying  north  of  the  line  established  bj'  the  ordinance  of  1787,  and  that  part  of  the  Terri- 
tory of  Michigan  west  of  Lake  Michigan  and  comprehending  the  mining  district  known 
as  the  Fever  River  Lead  Mines,  praying  for  the  formation  of  a  new  territory.  A  bill 
had  been  introduced  at  tiie  previous  session  of  Congress  for  the  establishment  of  a  new 
territory  north  of  the  State  of  Illinois,  to  be  called  "  Huron  Territory,"  upon  which 
report  had  been  made,  in  part,  favorable  to  the  wisiies  of  the  petitioners,  but  they  asked 
for  the  re-establishment  of  the  line  as  ordained  by  Congress  in  1787.  They  declared 
"that  the  people  inhabiting  the  territory  northwest  of  the  Ohio  had  a  right  to  expect 
that  the  country  lying  north  of  an  east  and  west  line  passing  througli  the  southernmost 
end  of  Lake  Michigan,  to  the  Mississippi  River,  and  between  said  lake,  the  Mississippi 
and  the  Canada  line,  would  remain  TOfJKTHEK"  as  a  territory  and  State.  They  claimed 
that  this  was  a  part  of  the  comjjact,  unchangeably  granted  by  the  people  of  the  original 
States  to  the  people  who  should  inhabit  the  "  territory  northwest  of  the  Ohio."  They 
declared  that  the  change  of  the  chartered  limits,  when  Illinois  was  made  a  State,  was  an 
open  invasion  of  their  rights  when  they  were  unrepresented  in  either  territory  ;  that  "an 
unrepresented  people,  without  their  knowledge  or  consent,  liave  been  transferred  fiom 
one  sovereignty  to  another."  They  urged  tlial  the  present  "division  of  the  mines  and 
miners  by  an  ideal  line,  separating  into  different  governniciits  individuals  intimately  con- 
nected in  similar  pursuits,  is  embarrassing."  They  asked  for  "even  handed  justice," 
and  the  restoration  of  their  "  cliartered  limits."  Tiie  Miners'  Journal,  of  Galena,  of 
October  2").  1H2K,  which  contained  the  full  text  of  the  petition,  said  :  "  We  do  not  fully 
agree  with  the  mismorialists  in  petitioning  Congress  agiiin  to  dispose  of  that  tract  of  coun- 
try whicli  lias  once  been  granted  to  Illinois;  but  we  lliink  tiiat  it  would  be  for  the  in- 
terest of  the  miners  to  be  erected,  together  with  the  adjoining  county  above,  into  a 
separate  territory.  And  we  firmly  lielieve,  too,  that  Congress  departed  from  the  clear 
and  express  terms  of  their  own  ordinance  pa.ssed  in  the  year  1787,  when  they  granted  to 
Illinois  nearly  a  degree  and  a  half  of  latitude  of  the  CHARTKREH  limits  of  this  country. 
Wiiethcr  Congress  will  annex  this  tract  to  the  new  territory  \vc  much  iloubt,  but  we  be- 


GENERAL   HISTORY   OF  ILLINOIS. 

lieve  the  ultimate  decision  of  the  United  States  Court  will  be,  that  the  norther' 
line  of  the  State  of  Illinois  shall  commence  at  the  southernmost  end  of  Lf^  ..^an.' 

The  petition  was  unavailing,  and  the  northern  line  of  Illinois  remai'  . ranged,  but 

the  agitation  of  the  subject  by  the  peoi^le  of  the  northwestern  par*-       Illinois  continued. 

In  1840  the  people  of  the  counties  north  of  the  ordinance  .^ae  sent  delegates  to  a 
convention  held  at  Rockford  to  take  action  in  relation  to  the  annexation  of  the  tract 
north  of  that  line  to  the  Wisconsin  Territory,  and  it  is  said  the  scheme  then  discussed 
embraced  an  effort  to  make  Galena  the  capital  of  the  territory.  Resolutions  were 
adopted  requesting  the  senators  and  representatives  in  Congress  for  Illinois  to  exert  their 
influence  in  favor  of  the  project.  The  labors  of  the  convention  produced  no  results,  but 
until  the  admission  of  Wisconsin  as  a  State,  there  was  a  strong  feeling  among  the  people 
of  northwestern  Illinois  that  they  rightfully  belonged  to  Wisconsin,  and  there  was  a 
strong  desire  to  be  restored  to  their  chartered  limits. 

This  question  agitated  the  people  of  the  section  concerned  for  many  years.  It 
entered  into  their  political  conflicts  and  exercised  an  important  influence  upon  their  local 
affairs.  Many  of  the  old  settlers  down  to  a  late  period,  condemned  this  striking  departure 
from  the  ordinance  of  1787,  which  fixed  the  present  line  fifty  miles  further  north. 
Boundary  meetings  at  various  places  in  the  fourteen  northern  counties  continued  to  be 
held  from  time  to  time,  showing  the  feeling  to  be  deep  and  wide  spread.  As  late  as 
January  22,  1842,  a  meeting  of  this  character  was  held  at  Oregon  City,  at  which,  among 
others,  the  following  resolution  was  adopted,  and  which  is  here  introduced  as  showing  the 
grounds  of  complaint,  and  the  purpose  of  the  people  to  either  belong  to  Wisconsin  or  set 
up  for  themselves : 

Resolvid,  That  in  the  opinion  of  this  meeting,  that  part  of  the  Northwest  Territory,  which  lies  north  of  an 
"  east  and  west  line  through  the  southerly  bend  or  extreme  of  Lake  Michigan,"  belongs  to,  and  of  right  should  be, 
a  part  of  the  State  or  States  which  have  been  or  may  be  formed  north  of  said  line. 

Wisconsin  was  yet  a  territory  when  this  meeting  was  held.  It  resolved  further  that 
the  ordinance  of  1787  could  not  be  altered  or  changed  without  the  consent  of  the  people 
of  the  original  States  and  of  the  Northwest  Territory  ;  that  as  a  part  of  the  j^eople  of  said 
territory,  they  would  not  consent ;  that  the  lines  designated  in  the  ordinance  were  better 
suited  to  the  geographical  situation  and  local  interests  of  their  region ;  that  they  were 
decidedly  opposed  to  placing  any  of  the  territory  north  of  said  line  within  the  jurisdic- 
tion of  a  State  south  of  it ;  that  they  recommended  the  Legislature  of  Wisconsin  to  apply 
for  admission  into  the  Union,  claiming  the  line  of  the  ordinance  as  their  southern 
boundary  ;  that  they  disclaimed  any  intention  to  absolve  themselves  from  any  pecuniary 
responsibility  created  by  the  Legislature  of  Illinois  on  account  of  the  internal  improve- 
ment system,  etc.  The  resolutions  were  adopted  unanimously,  and  a  committee  of  nine 
was  appointed  to  proceed  to  Madison,  with  full  power  to  consult  with  the  Governor  and 
Legislature  of  Wisconsin  Territory.  Governor  Doty  and  the  legislature  gave  them  assur- 
ance of  earnest  co-operation  in  petitioning  Congress  toward  the  end  in  view.  But 
nothing  ever  came  of  the  clamor.  The  essential  point  was,  whether  the  acts  of  Congress 
of  the  Confederate  States  were  of  such  binding  force  that  a  Congress  of  the  United  States 
could  not  annul  or  amend  them,  or,  in  other  words,  whether  the  former  possessed  a 
higher  power  than  the  latter. 

The  State  Constitution  was  signed  by  the  members  of  the  Convention  on  the  26th 
day  of  August,  but  as  already  stated,  the  crowning  act  of  State  sovereignty  was  delayed 
until  the  3d  day  of  December,  1818,  when  the  President  approved  and  signed  the  Con- 
gressional act  of  admission  previously  quoted.  The  first  election  for  Governor  and  other 
State  officers  and  members  of  the  Legislature  was  held  on  the  third  Thursday,  and  the 
two  succeeding  days  (Friday  and  Saturday)  in  September,  1818. 

Shadrach  Bond,  a  native  of  Frederick  countj',  Maryland,  who  came  to  Illinois  in 
1780,  was  elected  governor.     He  was  forty-five  years  old  at  the  time  of  his  election, 


114  GENERAL   HISTORY   OF   ILLINOIS. 

having  been  born  in  1773.  His  education  was  plain,  but  he  possessed,  says  Mr.  Rey- 
nolds, in  his  Pioneer  History,  a  convivial,  benevolent  disposition,  a  shrewd  observation 
of  men,  and  a  clear  appreciation  of  events.  His  person  was  erect,  standing  six  feet  in 
height,  and  after  middle  life  he  became  portly,  weighing  two  hundred  pounds.  His  fea- 
tures were  strongly  masculine,  complexion  dark,  hair  dark,  and  eyes  hazel.  He  was  a 
favorite  with  the  ladies.  His  jovial  disposition,  thorougii  honesty  and  unostentatious  in- 
tercourse with  the  people,  made  him  the  most  popular  man  of  his  time.  He  had  been  a 
member  of  the  General  Assembly  under  the  Indiana  Territory,  a  delegate  to  Congress  in 
1812,  and  in  the  latter  capacity  procured  tiie  right  of  pre-emption  on  the  public  domain. 
In  1814  he  was  appointed  Receiver  of  public  moneys  at  Kaskaskia.  After  his  guberna- 
torial term  expired,  he  was  a  candidate  for  Congress  in  1824,  against  Daniel  P.  Cook,  but 
was  defeated.  He  was  subsequently  appointed  Register  of  the  land  oflSce  at  Kaskaskia, 
where  he  died  April  11,  1830. 

Pierre  Menard,  lieutenant  governor,  was  born  in  Quebec,  Canada,  in  1767.  At  the 
age  of  nineteen  j'ears  lie  found  his  way  to  Vinceunes,  and  became  a  clerk  in  the  employ 
of  Col.  Vigo,  a  merchant  of  that  place.  In  1790  he  formed  a  partnership  with  one  DuBois, 
of  Vincennes,  and  removed  to  Kaskaskia,  where  they  commenced  merchandising.  His 
trade  with  the  Indians  and  in  other  public  capacities,  soon  made  Pierre  Menard  well 
known.  Nature  made  him  frank,  kind  and  honest.  His  mind,  with  but  an  ordinary  edu- 
cation, was  strong,  and  his  judgment  quick  and  unerring.  His  industry  was  wonderful. 
He  was  never  idle.  He  was  government  agent  for  the  Indians,  and  that  race  had  the 
most  implicit  confidence  in  his  integrity.  It  has  been  recorded  to  his  credit,  that  he 
could  buy  their  peltries  at  half  the  price  they  (the  Indians)  would  ask  from  a  "  Long 
Knife."  Mr.  Menard  had  been  a  member  of  the  lower  house  of  the  Legislature,  while 
Illinois  was  under  the  jurisdiction  of  Indiana  Territory,  and  a  member  of  the  Illinois 
Legislative  Council  from  1812  to  1818,  of  which  he  was  the  presiding  oflBcer.  In  fram- 
ing the  Constitution  the  qualifications  for  lieutenant  governor  were  fii"st  fixed  the  same 
as  the  qualifications  for  governor,  *vhich,  among  otiiers,  required  United  States  citizenship 
of  thirty  years.  But  as  that  would  have  excluded  Mr.  Menard,  who  had  only  been  natu- 
ralized ten  years,  the  convention,  as  a  special  favor  to  him,  changed  the  schedule,  it  being 
generally  conceded  that  he  would  be  the  choice  of  the  people  for  lieutenant  governor. 
After  tiie  expiration  of  his  term  of  office  (four  years),  he  declined  all  further  tenders  of 
])ul)lic  position,  accepting  only  that  of  United  States  Commissioner  to  treat  with  the 
Indians,  whose  character  he  knew  so  well.  He  accumulated,  it  is  said,  quite  a  fortune, 
but  it  was  greatly  impaired  l>y  that  kindness  of  heart  which  allowed  him  to  become 
security  for  friends.  The  Legislature  of  1839  preserved  his  name  in  Menard  county.  He 
died  in  1844,  at  the  age  of  seventy-seven  years. 

Elijah  C.  Berry  was  the  first  Auditor  of  Public  Accounts ;  John  Tliomas,  State 
Treasurer  ;  Daniel  P.  Cook,*  Attorney  General ;  Elias  K.  Kane,  Secretary  of  State  ;  and 
Messrs.  Blackwell  and  Berry,  State  Printers. 

Jolin  McLean,  after  whom  McLean  county  was  named,  was  the  first  member  of  Con- 
gress, elected  in  September,  1818. 

The  State  Legislature  convened  on  the  5th  of  October,  1818.  As  the  State  iiad  not 
3'et  been  declared  admitted,  because  Congress  was  not  in  session,  no  legislation  or  busi- 
ness of  any  kind  was  attempted,  except  the  election  of  oflScers.  After  a  session  of  eight 
days  a  recess  was  taken  until  tlie  first  Monday  in  .January,  1S19,  when  the  State  oflBcers 
were  inaugurated,  to  whom  the  territorial  officers  turned  over  the  keys  and  archives  of  tlie 

•Mr.  Cook  only  served  as  Attorney  General  a  lew  months.  In  1819  he  was  elected  to  Congress,  and  re-elected 
biennially  until  1826,  when  he  was  defeated  by  Governor  Duncan.  lie  rose  to  a  high  position  in  Congres.s,  and  the 
last  session  he  w.ns  llicrc.  he  acted  as  chaimLin  of  the  important  cDmniiltec  of  ways  ami  means  of  the  lower  house.  To 
his  services,  at  this  last  session,  the  jicoplc  of  Illinois  are  indebted  for  the  donation  by  Congress  of  300,000  acres  of 
land,  for  the  cunstruction  of  the  Illinois  and  Michigan  Canal.  Kor  him  the  County  of  Cook  was  appropriately 
named,  as  more  than  half  of  its  great  prosperity  is  owing  to  his  exertions  in  Congress  in  favor  of  the  canal. — l-'otd. 


GENERAL   HISTORY  OF  ILLINOIS.  115 

young  commonwealth.  Ninian  Edwards,  retiring  Governor,  and  Jesse  B.  Thomas,  one 
of  the  Federal  Judges  for  the  Territory,  were  elected  to  the  United  States  Senate,  and 
Illinois  was  launched  on  a  career  of  greatness  unexampled  in  the  history  of  States. 

FINANCIAL. 

The  territorial  revenue  was  raised  by  tax  assessed  upon  lands.  Bottom  lands  along 
the  Mississippi,  Ohio,  and  Wabash  rivers  were  taxed  at  the  rate  of  one  cent  an  acre,  or 
one  dollar  ou  every  one  hundred  acres.  Uplands  were  classed  as  second  rate,  and  were 
taxed  at  seventy-five  cents  per  one  hundred  acres.  Unlocated,  but  confirmed  land  claims, 
were  taxed  at  the  rate  of  thirty-seven  and  one-half  cents  per  one  hundred  acres.  County 
tax  was  raised,  for  the  most  part,  by  tax  levied  on  personal  property,  including  slaves  or 
indentured  servants  between  the  ages  of  sixteen  and  forty  years,  not  to  exceed  one  dollar 
each.  The  only  realty  taxed  was  lots  and  houses  in  towns,  and  country  mansions  worth 
two  hundred  dollars  and  upwards.  One  dollar  was  levied  against  every  able-bodied, 
single  man  of  twenty-one  years,  worth  two  hundred  dollars  in  taxable  property.  Two 
men  were  appointed  to  appraise  the  propertj^  to  be  assessed.  Merchants  and  ferries  were 
licensed  at  fifteen  and  ten  dollars  respectively.  Horses  and  cattle  were  taxed  at  a  rate 
not  to  exceed  fifty  and  ten  cents  respectively.  The  entire  territorial  revenue*  between 
the  1st  of  November,  1811,  and  the  8th  of  November,  1814  (three  years),  was  reported 
by  the  legislative  committee  on  finance,  in  1814,  to  be  $4,875.45.  Of  this  amount  only 
$2,516.89  had  actually  been  paid  into  the  treasury;  the  balance,  12,358.56,  remained  in 
the  hands  of  delinquent  sheriffs.  When  the  State  was  declared  admitted,  December  3, 
1818,  the  total  amount  of  revenue  was  $7,510.44,  a  part  of  which  was  in  the  hands  of 
delinquent  collectors.  The  State  was  in  an  embarrassed  condition,  and  the  Governor, 
in  his  message,  recommended  a  temporary  loan  of  $25,000  which  was  therefore 
authorized  by  the  Legislature.  A  sufficient  supply  of  stationery  for  the  use  of  the 
first  Legislature  was  purchased  for  $13.50.  The  amount  paid  for  stationery  for  the  use  of 
the  29tli  session  of  the  General  Assembly  was  $1,680. 

State  revenue,  in  the  main,  was  raised  by  a  tax  assessed  against  lands  held  by  non- 
residents, and  fell  almost  entirely  on  the  military  tract  between  the  Illinois  and  Missis- 
sippi rivers.  Lands  were  divided  by  law  into  three  classes,  and  valued  at  two,  three,  and 
four  dollars  an  acre  respectively. 

County  revenues  were  raised  by  a  tax  levied  on  personal  property,  including  slaves 
or  indentured  servants,  and  by  a  resident  land  tax. 

Levies  of  taxes  were  made  according  to  the  estimates  of  the  sums  required  to  meet 
accruing  expenses,  either  State  or  county.  The  laws  required  non-residents  to  enter 
their  lands  for  taxation  directly  with  the  Auditor  of  State,  under  oath,  as  to  class,  etc., 
and  taxes  on  their  lands  were  payable  to  that  officer. 

THE   WHIPPING   POST. 

The  whipping  post  and  pillory,  as  well  as  slavery,  existed  in  Illinois  in  the  early 
days  of  her  history.  Under  the  laws  of  the  Territory,  whipping  upon  the  bare  back,  be- 
sides other  punishments,  at  the  option  of  the  courts  was  prescribed.  The  number  of 
stripes  were  regulated  by  the  grade  of  offense.  Burglary  or  robbery,  thirty-nine  stripes; 
perjury,  larceny,  receiving  stolen  goods,  and  obtaining  goods  by  fraudulent  jjretenses, 
thirty-one  stripes;  horse-stealing,  first  offense,  fifty  to  one  hundred  lashes;  hog-stealing, 
twenty-five  to  thirty-nine  lashes;  altering  or  defacing  marks  or  brands  on  domestic 
animals  running  at  large,  forty  lashes,  "  well  laid  on ;  "  bigamy,  one  hundred  to  three 
hundred  strii^es ;  sodomy,  one  hundred  to  five  hundred  lashes.  In  all  these  offenses 
there  were  other  penalties,  alternatively  or  additionally,  at  the  option  of  the  court,  such 
as  fines,  imprisonment,  restitution,  etc.     Fines  were  collected  from  those  unable  to  pay, 

*Stuve. 


116  CEXEIUL   IIISTOKY    OK    ILLINOIS. 

by  the  sheriif  sellins^  them  to  any  one  who  would  pay  the  fine  or  costis  for  sucli  term  as 
the  court  might  deem  reasonable,  and  if  the  delinquent  should  abscond,  the  penalty  was 
double  the  term  of  servitude  and  tliirty-nine  stripes.  Standing  in  pillory  was  prescribed, 
in  addition  to  other  penalties,  in  perjury,  forgery,  and  the  altering  or  defacing  of  brands 
or  marks  on  domestic  animals.  For  this  last  offense,  on  second  conviction,  the  culprit 
was  to  have  the  letter  T  branded  in  the  left  hand  with  a  red  hot  iron.  To  prevent  the 
common  crime  of  killing  stock  running  on  the  range,  every  one  slaughtering  an  animal 
was  required  to  exhibit  the  ears  of  hogs,  or  hides  of  cattle,  to  a  magistrate  or  two  free- 
holders witliln  three  days,  under  a  penalty  of  ten  dollai-s.  For  aiding  the  escape  of  a 
convict  the  punishment  was  the  same  as  that  of  the  culprit,  except  in  capital  cases,  when 
stripes,  standing  in  pillory,  or  sitting  on  the  gallows  with  the  rope  adjusted  about  the 
neck,  at  the  option  of  the  court,  was  the  penalty.  Besides  in  treason  and  in  murder,  the 
penalty  of  death  was  pronounced  against  arson  and  rape,  and  horse-stealing  on  second 
conviction.  *  *  *  In  regard  to  the  collection  of  debts,  the  principles  of  the  com- 
mon law  prevailed,  which  wholly  favored  the  creditor.  All  the  property  of  the  judgment 
debtor,  both  real  and  personal,  without  any  of  the  present  humane  features  as  to  exemp- 
tion, might  be  levied  upon  and  sold  under  execution. 

To  the  people  of  this  enlightened  and  liberal  age,  such  laws  seem  barbaric  in  the 
extreme,  and  were  so  in  fact.  But  it  may  be  said  in  excuse  for  them  that  the  people 
were  poor,  the  settlements  sparse,  and  the  conditions  of  the  country  and  of  society  wild 
and  unsettled,  and  that  the  "  settlers "  were  too  poor  to  build  jails  or  penitentiaries. 
What  few  jails  were  built  in  those  days  were  poor  concerns,  every  way  insecure,  and 
offered  but  little  hindrances  to  the  escape  of  such  as  were  confined  within  them.  As 
the  commonwealth  grew  older  and  increased  in  population  and  wealth,  the  people  became 
more  liberal  and  humane,  until  the  last  letter  of  the  ininiman  enactments  herein  quoted 
was  entirely  expunged  froiu  the  statute  books  and  now  exists  onl}-  in  history. 

^EARTHQUAKES. 

It  will  not  be  out  of  place  in  this  connection,  inasmuch  as  we  are  tracing  the  history 
of  Illinois  as  a  Territory  and  as  a  State,  to  go  back  and  refer  to  an  important,  and  at  the 
time,  startling  occurrence  in  the  latter  part  of  the  year  1810.  A  series  of  earthquake 
shocks  commenced  on  the  night  of  tlie  16th  of  December  of  that  year,  which,  according 
to  Dr.  Hildreth,  a  writer  of  note  of  that  period,  continued  until  the  '2ih\i  of  March  fol- 
lowing. During  the  continuance  of  those  earth  shocks,  the  old  town  at  the  present  site 
of  New  Madri(l,  on  the  Missouri  side  of  the  Mississippi  river,  was  almost  entirely 
destroyed.  Lands  were  sunken  for  many  miles  around  there,  and  down  into  Northeastern 
Arkansas.  The  writer  has  been  told  by  reliable  authority,  that  in  the  northeastern 
corner  of  Arkansas  there  is  a  tract  of  countr}'  known  as  the  "  sunken  lands,"  which  is 
an  impassible  liog  or  quagmire  —  tiiat,  in  the  center  there  is  a  kind  of  island,  which  can 
be  seen  from  the  outer  edges,  Ijut  which  has  never  been  reached  since  the  earthquake 
ihat  occiisioned  it,  and  that  as  late  as  1871-'2  there  were  evidences  of  animal  life  on  the 
island,  in  the  presence  of  deer,  etc.,  supposed  to  have  come  from  a  parent  stock  left  on 
the  island  when  the  eartluiuake  subsided.  Tl>is  assertion  is  lutl  vouclied  for  as  a  fact, 
but  is  given  from  what  is  believed  to  be  reliable  authority  —  the  statement  of  a  resident 
of  Arkansas,  wliose  acquaintance  the  writer  enjoyed  while  living  in  that  State  after  the 
close  of  the  war  of  the  rebellion.  But  to  return  to  Dr.  Hildreth's  statement :  "  The 
banks  of  the  Mississippi  in  many  places  gave  way  in  large  ma.sscs  and  fell  into  the  river, 
while  the  water  changed  to  a  reddish  hue,  became  thick  with  mud  thrown  up  from  tlie 
bottom,  and  the  surface,  laslied  violently  by  the  agitation  of  the  earth  beiu'ath,  was 
covered  with  foam,  wliich  gathered  into  nuisses  and  lloateil  along  the  trembling  surface. 
Its  vibrations  were  felt  all  over  the  valley,  as  far  up  as  Pittsburg."  Miul  and  water  was 
thrown  up  as  high  aa  the  tops  of  trees.     The  vibrations  were  observed  by  the  inhabitants 


GENERAL   HISTORY   OP   ILLINOIS.  117 

living  in  that  vicinity  to  be  of  two  characters.  One  motion  was  horizontal  and  the  other 
vertical.  Of  the  two  it  was  noticed  that  the  horizontal  vibrations  were  much  the  more 
destructive.  The  direction  of  the  motion  was  from  northwest  to  southeast,  and  numerous 
fissures  opened  up  extending  at  nearly  right  angles  with  the  direction  of  vibration. 


I  

CHAPTER    VIII. 

NORTHWESTERN    INDIAN    TROUBLES. 

The  Winnebago  War  —  Just  Provocation  — Opinion  of  Gov.  Reynolds  —  Gov.  Edwards  —  Gen.  Lewis  Cass  —  Gen- 
erals Dodge  and  Whiteside  —  The  Indian  Chiefs  Red  Wing  and  We  Kaw. 

The  year  1827  is  memorable  in  the  history  of  the  Northwestern  part  of  the  State 
as  being  the  period  when  the  first  serious  troubles  were  experienced  by  the  settlers  of 
that  region  with  their  Indian  neighbors,  and  afterwards  dignified  by  the  title  of  the 
"Winnebago  War."  At  that  time  all  the  Territory  north  of  the  line  established  by  the 
Ordinance  of  1787,  was  in  the  undisputed  possession  of  the  Indians,  except  the  reserva- 
tions at  the  mouth  of  the  Wisconsin  and  on  Fever  river,  and  the  mining  districts  of  Jo 
Daviess  county  and  Michigan  Territory.  Early  in  1827,  miners,  settlers  and  adventurers 
flocked  thither  in  great  numbers,  and  inevitably  extended  their  explorations  for  mineral 
be3'ond  the  "  Ridge,"  recognized  as  the  line  of  the  "  five  leagues  square,"  although  it  does 
not  appear  that  the  limits  of  the  reservation  were  ever  accurately  determined.  Many 
rich  leads  were  discovered  on  Indian  lands,  and  miners  persisted  in  digging  there,  in 
direct  disobedience  of  the  orders  of  the  superintendent  of  the  United  States  Lead  Mines 
to  desist  and  withdraw  from  lands  on  which  the  United  States  were  not  authorized  to 
even  explore  for  mineral.  In  exceptional  instances  the  right  to  mine  was  purchased  of 
the  Indians,  but  in  most  cases  the  i-estless  searchers  for  mineral  wealth  totally  disregarded 
the  orders  of  the  superintendent  and  the  rights  of  the  Indians,  who,  according  to  the 
acts  of  the  trespassers  "  had  no  right  which  a  white  man  was  bound  to  respect." 
Frequent  disputes  occurred  in  consequence  between  the  miners  and  the  Indians. 
Mr.  Shull,  who  had  discovered  a  fine  lead  and  had  erected  a  shanty  near  it,  was 
driven  off,  and  his  cabin  destroyed  by  the  Winnebagoes,  who,  owning  the  land,  did  no 
more,  and  perhaps  not  as  much,  as  whites  would  have  done  under  similar  circumstances, 
to  protect  and  preserve  their  rights  and  property.  The  dissatisfaction  and  ill  feeling  en- 
gendered by  tiiese  encroachments  upon  their  territory  was,  perhaps,  a  minor  cause  of  the 
outbreak,  but  had  no  other  cause  operated  to  further  exasperate  the  Indians,  the  difficulty 
might,  and  probably  would,  have  been  amicably  adjusted  without  bloodshed. 

About  this  time,  and  while  these  disputes  between  the  miners  and  Indians  were 
occurring,  two  keel-boats  belonging  to  the  contractor  to  furnish  supplies  for  the  trooj^s 
at  Fort  Snelling,  while  on  their  way  up  the  river  stopped  at  a  point  not  far  above  Prairie  du 
Chien,  where  were  encamped  a  large  number  of  Winnebago  Indians.  John  Wakefield, 
Esq.,  in  writing  from  memory  an  account  of  the  war,  if  it  can  be  called  such  (and  it 
must  be  admitted  now,  writing  in  a  spirit  of  bitter  prejudice  against  the  Indians,  who 
had  been  peaceable  and  friendly  with  the  settlers  here,  until  provoked  beyond  endur- 
ance) says  that  these  boats  were  run  by  "  Capt.  Allen  Liudsey,  a  gentleman  of  the  first 
respectability  in  our  country,"  and  that  he  was  with  his  boats  on  this  particular  trip,  but 
it  is  to  be  hoped  that  Wakefield  was  in  error,ffor  no  "  respectable  gentleman  "  could  have 
permitted  men  under  his  command  to  indulge  in  such  fiendish  excesses,  not  only  endan- 
gering their  own  lives,  but  imperiling  the  safety  of  all  the  frontier  settlements  as  well. 


118  GENERAL   HISTORY   OF   ILLINOIS, 

Reynolds  says  that  after  stopping  at  the  Winnebago  camp,  "  the  boatmen  made  the 
Indians  drunk  —  and  no  doubt  were  so  themselves  —  when  thej' captured  six  or  seven 
squaws,  who  were  also  drunk.  These  captured  squaws  were  forced  on  the  boats  for 
corrupt  and  brutal  purposes.  But  not  satisfied  with  this  outrage  on  female  virtue,  the 
boatmen  took  the  squaws  with  them  in  the  boats  to  Fort  Snelling."  Another  version 
given  by  those  who  were  familiar  with  the  events  of  that  year,  is  that  the  boatmen  and 
the  Indians  had  a  drunken  frolic ;  that  several  squaws  were  kept  on  board  the  boats  all 
night,  and  put  ashore  the  next  morning  before  anj-  of  the  tribe  had  recovered  from  the 
effects  of  their  "  spree,"  after  which  the  boats  continued  on  their  voyage  up  the  river. 
These  accounts  agree  as  to  the  main  fact  that  the  boatmen  committed  a  gross  outrage 
upon  the  Indians,  and  provoked  an  attack. 

When  the  duped  and  injured  Winnebagoes  had  slept  off  the  effects  of  their  debauch 
and  became  sober  enough  to  comprehend  the  outrage  committed  upon  their  women,  and 
the  consequent  injury  done  them,  they  were  intensely  exasperated,  and  resolved  to  wash 
out  the  stain  upon  their  honor  in  blood.  What  white  people  would  not  have  done  the 
same,  under  similar  circumstances  ?  Runners  were  sent  out  in  all  directions  summoning 
the  warriors  to  the  scene  of  action  at  once  for  an  attack  on  the  boats  when  they  returned. 
A  war  party  of  the  Winnebagoes  went  from  Jo  Daviess  county,  in  the  vicinity  of  Galena, 
to  aid  their  northern  brethren  in  avenging  the  insult  they  had  received.  Capt.  D.  S. 
Harris,  of  Cialena,  states  that  at  this  time  a  band  of  15  or  20  of  these  Indians  stopped  at 
his  father's  house,  on  their  way  up  the  river,  and  were  very  insolent.  "  Old  Curley,"  a 
friendl}'  Indian,  had  notified  the  family  of  the  intended  visit,  and  the  younger  members 
had  sought  refuge  in  the  neighboring  cornfield,  leaving  only  Smith  and  Scribe  in  tlie 
house  with  their  mother.  "  The  Indians,"  says  Smith  Harris,  "  wei"e  ver)-  insolent,  as 
was  not  unusual  for  that  tribe.  They  offered  no  personal  injury,  for  Scribe  and  I  stood 
by  our  guns.  They  did  attempt  to  take  some  articles  of  goods  we  had,  but  we  told 
them  if  they  didn't  let  things  alone  we  should  shoot,  and  they  knew  we  meant  it.  They 
finally  left  without  doing  any  harm,  and  we  felt  much  relieved."  This  band  went  north 
and,  it  is  said,  murdered  a  family  near  Prairie  du  Chien.  Four  Winnebago  chiefs  called 
upon  the  Gratiots,  at  Gratiot's  Grove,  and  informed  them  that  on  account  of  the  action 
of  the  whites,  they  should  be  unable  to  restrain  their  young  men  from  declaring  war, 
and  as  they  did  not  desire  to  harm  the  "  Choteaus,"  (as  the  Indians  always  called  tlu- 
Gratiot  family)  they  had  come  to  tell  them  that  they  had  better  remove.  But  careful 
inquiry  among  those  who  were  here  during  that  year  fails  to  develop  any  evidence  that 
any  outrages  were  committed  by  the  Indians  in  the  mining  district  at  that  time,  either 
before  or  after  the  insult  by  those  drunken  keel-boatmen,  and  which  the  injured  party 
intended  to  avenge  uj)on  the  guilty  parties  themselves. 

Wakefield  says  that  some  of  the  Indians  "came  aboard  of  Lindsey's  boat  on  his  way 
up  and  showed  such  signs  of  hostility  that  he  was  led  to  expect  an  attack  on  his  return, 
and  provided  himself  with  a  few  fire  arms,  so  that  in  case  of  an  attack  by  them  he  raigiit 
be  able  to  defend  himself."  Other  accounts  state  that  the  boatmen  anticipated  an  attack 
upon  tlieir  return.  Why,  if  they  had  done  nothing  to  provoke  an  assault?  The  Indians 
were  peaceable,  and  even  in  the  mines,  where  they  had  reason  to  complain  of  the  en- 
croachments of  the  whites  upon  their  territory,  tiiey  had  done  nothing  more  than  to 
drive  off  the  trespassers. 

Of  course  the  boatmen  expected  an  attack  on  their  return  trip,  for  they  knew  they 
deserved  it,  and  the  <lispa.ssionate  judgment  of  humanity,  after  the  lapse  of  half  a  cen- 
tury, concurs  in  that  opinion.  Knowing  this,  they  attempted  to  run  by  the  Wiiinuliago 
village  on  tlieir  return,  in  the  night.  The  watchful,  vengeful  Winnebagoes,  however, 
were  not  thus  to  be  eluded.  The  boats  were  forced  to  approach  near  tiie  shore  in  the 
narrow  chaniicl  of  the  river  at  that  point,  and  there,  says  Reynolds,  "the  infuriated 
savages  assailed  one  boat  and  permitted  the  other  to  pans  down  "  unmolested.     The  pre- 


GENERAL  HISTORY  OF  ILLINOIS.  119 

sumption  is  that  the  boat  assailed  contained  the  offenders  whom  they  wished  to  punish, 
Reynolds'  account  of  the  fight  is  as  follows  : — 

The  boatmen  were  not  entirely  prepared  for  the  attack,  although  to  some  extent  they  were  guarded  against  it. 
They  had  procured  some  arms,  and  were  on  the  alert  to  some  degree.  The  Indians  laid  down  in  their  canoes  and 
tried  to  paddle  them  to  the  boat ;  but  the  whites,  seeing  this,  fired  their  muskets  on  them  in  their  canoes.  It  was  a 
desperate  and  furious  fight  for  a  few  minutes,  between  a  good  many  Indians  exposed  in  open  canoes  and  only  a  few 
boatmen,  protected  to  some  extent,  by  their  boat.  One  boatman,  a  sailor  by  profession  on  the  lakes  and  ocean,  who 
had  been  in  many  battles  with  the  British  during  the  war  of  1812,  saved  the  boat  and  those  of  the  crew  who  were 
not  killed.  This  man  was  large  and  strong,  and  possessed  the  courage  of  an  African  lion.  lie  seized  a  part  of  the 
setting  pole  of  the  boat,  which  was  about  four  feet  long  and  had  on  the  end  a  piece  of  iron,  which  made  the  pole 
weighty  and  a  powerful  weapon  in  the  hands  of  "Saucy  Jack,"  as  the  champion  was  called.  It  is  stated  that  when 
the  Indians  attempted  to  board  the  boat,  Jack  would  knock  them  back  into  the  river  as  fast  as  they  approached. 
The  boat  got  fast  on  the  ground,  and  the  whites  seemed  doomed,  but  with  great  exertion,  courage  and  hard  fighting, 
the  Indians  were  repelled.  ("Jack,"  unmindful  of  the  shower  of  bullets  whistling  about,  seized  a  pole,  pushed  the 
boat  into  the  current  and  it  floated  beyond  the  reach  of  the  assailants.)  The  savages  killed  several  white  men  and 
wounded  many  more,  leaving  barely  enough  to  navigate  the  boat.  Thus  commenced  and  ended  the  bloodshed  of  the 
Winnebago  War.       No  white  man  or  Indian  was  killed  before  or  after  this  naval  engagement. 

The  arrival  of  these  boats  at  Galena  and  the  report  of  their  narrow  escape,  created 
great  alarm,  intensified  by  the  arrival,  the  same  day,  of  a  party  who  had  fled  to  Galena 
for  safety,  anticipating  war,  and  by  the  warning  given  to  the  Gratiots.  All  mining  ope- 
rations ceased ;  the  miners  and  scattered  settlers  hurried  to  Galena  for  safety,  built  stock- 
ades and  blockhouses  in  their  own  neighborhoods,  or  left  the  country.  A  little  fort  was 
built  at  Elizabeth,  another  at  Apple  river,  and  still  another  in  Michigan  Territory. 
These  forts,  although  not  needed  then,  were  afterwards  found  "  very  handy  to  have  in 
the  family." 

Governor  Edwards  received  information,  on  which  he  relied,  that  the  Winnebago 
Indians  had  attacked  some  keel-boats,  that  the  settlers  and  miners  on  Fever  river  were  in 
imminent  danger  of  an  attack  from  a  band  of  the  same  and  other  Indians  (although  the 
facts,  as  reported  to  him  and  upon  which  he  acted,  have  never  been  made  public),  and 
called  out  the  Twentieth  Regiment  Illinois  Militia,  under  Col.  Thomas  M.  Neale,  who 
were  to  rendezvous  at  Fort  Clark  (Peoria),  "  and  march  with  all  possible  expedition  to 
the  assistance  of  our  fellow  citizens  at  Galena."  The  brave  citizens  of  Sangamon  rallied 
to  the  rendezvous,  and,  with  ten  days'  rations,  marched  to  Gratiot  Grove,  and  —  finding 
no  hostile  Indians  there,  disbanded  and  marched  home. 

Gen.  Lewis  Cass,  Governor  of  Michigan  Territory,  who  had  been  appointed  by  the 
government  to  hold  a  treaty  with  the  Lake  Michigan  Indians,  at  Geeen  Bay,  arrived  there 
about  this  time,  and,  finding  but  few  there  and  hearing  that  the  Lake  Indians  had  received 
war  messages  from  the  interior,  hastened  to  communicate  the  startling  intelligence  to  the 
military  commander  at  St.  Louis.  He  ascended  Fox  river  from  Green  Bay,  descended 
the  Wisconsin  and  Mississippi,  and  in  nine  days  arrived  at  St.  Louis.  It  is  said  that 
"  among  the  Winnebagoes  he  discovered  warlike  preparations,  but  his  sudden  and  unex- 
pected appearance  among  them  in  a  birch  canoe,  of  larger  size  than  that  used  by  ordinary 
traders,  filled  with  armed  men,  with  the  U.  S.  flag  flying,  led  the  Indians  to  suspect  that 
he  was  accompanied  by  a  superior  force.  To  this  fact  and  the  rapidity  of  his  movements 
may  be  attributed  his  safety  and  the  men  under  his  command."  A  single  birch  bark 
canoe,  with  armed  men  enough  in  it  to  overcome  thousands  of  hostile  savages  for  hun- 
dreds of  miles,  must  have  been  worth  seeing. 

On  his  way  down,  Gen.  Cass  stopped  at  Galena,  where  Gen.  Henry  Dodge  and  Gen. 
Whiteside  had  raised  a  company  of  volunteers,  I'eady  to  march  against  the  terrible  foe. 
An  eye  witness  of  his  arrival  says  that  in  the  midst  of  the  alarm  then  prevailing  the  ex- 
cited people  heard  singing,  and  thought  the  Indians  were  coming,  but  soon  their  fears 
were  allayed,  for  they  saw,  gliding  gracefully  up  the  river,  around  the  point  below  the 
village,  a  large  canoe  flying  the  United  States  flag  and  containing  an  American  oflicer 
and  six  Canadians  dressed  in  blue  jackets  and  red  sashes,  with  bright  feathers  in  their 
hats,  who  were  singing  the  "  Canadian  Boat  Song  "  as  they  bent  over  their  oars,  and  with 


120  (JENERAL  HISTORY   OF   ILLINOIS 

measured  strokes  sent  it  flying  to  the  bank,  when  Gen.  Cass  stepped  ashore  amid  the 
cheers  of  the  assembled  population.     Armed  men  were  few  and  far  between  in  that  boat. 

Immediately  upon  receipt  of  news  from  Governor  Cass,  General  Atkinson  marched 
with  GOO  men  to  the  "  seat  of  war,"  and  formed  a  junction  with  the  Galena  Volunteers 
at  Fort  Winnebago.  "  Thus  far  they  had  marched  into  the  bowels  of  the  land  without 
impediment."  Daring  all  this  period  of  alarm,  excitement  and  feverish  expectation  of  a 
descent  of  the  hostile  Indians  upon  the  defenseless  frontier  settlements  in  the  mining 
district,  what  were  these  Indians  doing  ?  They  had  had  time  enough  to  have  swept  the 
white  settlers  on  Fever  river  out  of  the  country,  or  out  of  existence,  before  the  "  impos- 
ing display  of  such  a  large  number  of  tioops  in  the  heart  of  their  country  dampened  their 
war  spirit  and  induced  them  to  surrender  their  chiefs,"  but  it  does  not  appear  that  they 
murdered  a  single  settler  or  committed  any  serious  depredations  after  they  had  punished 
the  keel-boatmen  who  had  so  grossly  insulted  them. 

Capt.  D.  S.  Harris,  who  was  a  volunteer  in  the  Galena  company  commanded  by  Gen. 
Dodge,  says :  "We  marched  to  Fort  Winnebago,  where  Red  Bird  was  brought  in  a 
prisoner,  and  that  was  the  end  of  it."  Tiie  Wiunebagoes  surrendered  Red  Bird  and  We- 
Kaw,  the  two  chiefs  who  had  led  the  attack  upon  the  keel-boats,  when  Gen.  Atkinson 
made  the  imposing  military  display  in  "  the  heart  of  their  country.  '  Red  Bird  was  im- 
prisoned at  Prairie  du  Chien,  where  he  was  to  be  kept  as  a  hostage  for  the  good  l>ehavior 
of  his  nation,  but  his  proud  spirit  was  broken  b}-  confinement  that  he  felt  was  unjust,  and 
he  soon  died. 

Thus  ended  the  Winnebago  War,  which  was  really  only  an  attack  upon  some  keel- 
boatmen,  provoked  by  the  outrages  upon  the  Indians  by  the  boatmen  themselves.  There 
was  no  war  elsewhere,  but  the  prosperity  of  the  mining  region  was  temporarily  checked 
by  the  alarm  and  consequent  suspension  of  mining  and  business. 

Whether,  had  the  Indiaus  succeeded  in  their  attempt  to  murder  the  ofifending  crew 
of  the  boat  they  attacked  while  they  permitted  the  other  to  pass  down  the  river  un- 
molested, they  would  have  entered  upon  the  war  path  against  all  the  white  scttlement^i 
in  this  region,  must  forever  be  a  matter  of  conjecture,  and  wliile  there  were  and  are 
dififerences  of  opinion,  the  most  of  the  survivoi-s  of  that  period  of  excitement  coincide  in 
the  belief  that  had  not  the  Indians  been  stung  to  fury  by  these  drunken  boatmen  there 
would  have  been  no  trouble.  The  mineral  lands  could  have  been  l)0ught,  as  they  were, 
subsequently,  by  treaty.  If  the  government,  when  it  demanded  the  surrender  of  Red 
Bird  and  kept  him  as  a  hostage,  had  arrested  those  boatmen  and  imprisoned  them  for 
life,  both  for  the  outrage  they  committed  and  for  recklessly  di.>»turl)ing  the  peace,  and  de- 
stroying for  a  time  tlie  prosperity  of  the  frontier  settlements,  and  causing  so  much  dam- 
age to  the  innocent  settlers,  or  had  delivered  them  to  the  Indians  to  be  kept  as  hostages 
for  the  good  behavior  of  their  class,  it  would  have  been  only  even-handed  justice. 

Soon  after  this  disgraceful,  and  in  some  respects  ludicrous,  affair,  a  treaty  was  made 
with  the  Wiunebagoes  by  whicl:  for  twenty  thousand  dollars  paid  in  goods  and  trinkets 
at  faljulous  prices,  tlii-y  were  satisfied  for  the  damages  sust^iineil  by  them  in  eonseiiuence 
of  the  tresjjasses  on  llicii-  lands,  and  relinquished  a  large  tract  of  tin-,.-  lands  to  the 
miners. 


GENERAT.   HISTORY   OF   ILLINOIS.  |2l 

CHAPTER  IX. 

BLACK  HAWK  AND  THE  BLACK  HAWK  WAR. 

Personal  and  Tribal  Sketch  —  Black  Hawk's  Version  of  the  Treaty  of  1S04 — Bad  Faith  —  Removal  Across  the 
Mississippi  —  Hunger  and  Want — Return  to  Illinois.  First  Campaign  :  Where  the  History  of  the  War  Be- 
longs—  General  Gaines — Back  to  Iowa  —  Black  Hawk's  Movements  in  Iowa  —  Second  Return  to  Illinois  — 
Black  Hawk's  Purpose  —  Bearing  of  His  Braves — -Colonel  Davenport.  Second  Campaign;  Governor 
Reynolds  —  Call  for  Troops  —  Stillman's  Rout — ^  Back  to  Dixon  —  Council  of  War  —  "Tenting  on  the  Old 
Camp  Ground  " — General  Scott — A  New  Enemy — Indian  Creek  Massacre  —  Hunting  the  Indians.  Third 
Campaign':  Skirmishing  —  Striking  the  Trail — The  Fir-t  Battle  —  Wisconsin  Heights — Strength  of  the 
Indians — The  Tomahawk  Buried — Prayer  for  Peace  —  Battle  of  Bad  Axe.  After  the  Battle  :  Scenes 
and  Incidents —  Flight  of  Black  Hawk  —  His  Surrender  —  Remarkable  Speech  —  Captivity  and  Release  —  His 
Death  and  Burial  —  Desecration  of  His  Burial  Place  —  Cremation  of  His  Bones  —  Last  of  the  Sacs  and  Foxes. 

PERSONAL   AND   TREBAL   SKETCHES — TREATY   OF    1804  —  BAD   FAITH. 

For  the  following  sketch  of  Black  Hawk,  whose  name  and  history  is  so  intimately 
associated  with  the  early  history  of  Illinois,  and  of  the  Sac  and  Fox  Indians,  the 
writer  is  indebted  to  Colonel  Patterson,  of  the  Oquawka  (Illinois)  Spectator.  Colonel 
Patterson  was  among  the  early  settlers  on  what  is  known  in  history  as  the  Black  Hawk's 
purchase  or  "  Forty  Mile  Strij}."  on  the  eastern  slope  of  Iowa,  and  after  the  close  of  the 
Black  Hawk  War,  and  Black  Hawk's  release  from  captivity,  of  which  full  mention  will 
be  made  in  the  course  of  these  pages,  he  published  a  book  entitled  the  "  Life  of  Black 
Hawk."  In  collecting  the  material  for  that  volume.  Colonel  Patterson  necessarily  be- 
came familiar  with  the  great  war  chief  of  the  Sacs  and  Foxes  and  their  traditions,  so 
that  this  sketch  is  entitled  to  be  received  as  reliably  authentic. 

Black  Hawk,  whose  Indian  name  was  Muck-a-tan- wish-e-ki -ack-ke -ak -ack 
(meaning  a  black  hawk),  was  born  at  the  Sac  village,  on  Rock  river,  near  the  present 
site  of  Milan,  at  the  crossing  of  tlie  Peoria  and  Rock  Island  Railroad,  in  the  year  1767. 
His  father's  name  was  Py-e-sa.  His  great-grandfatlier,  Na-na-ma-kee  (Thunder), 
was  born  near  Montreal,  Canada,  and  was  placed  at  the  head  of  the  Sac  Nation  by  a 
Frenchman,  who  claimed  to  be  a  son  of  the  then  reigning  King  of  France.  He  gave 
them  many  presents,  such  as  guns,  powder,  lead,  spears  and  lances,  and  showed  them  how 
to  use  them  in  peace  and  in  war  ;  also  cooking  utensils,  and  many  other  jaresents  of  dif- 
ferent kinds.  He-afterwards  embarked  for  France,  promising  to  return  at  the  close  of 
the  twelfth  moon.  The  Sacs  continued  to  trade  with  the  French  for  a  long  time,  and 
until  the  latter  were  overpowered  by  the  British.  After  that  event,  several  tribes  united 
and  drove  the  Sacs  from  Montreal  to  Mackinac,  and  thence  to  Green  Baj^  where  they 
formed  an  alliance  with  the  Fcx  nation  and  then  retreated  to  Wisconsin,  and  finally  to 
Rock  Island,  from  which  they  drove  the  Kaskaskias  and  commenced  the  erection  of  a 
village  at  the  place  already  mentioned. 

Py-e-sa  succeeded  Na-na-ma-kee  as  war  chief,  and  was  killed  in  an  engagement 
with  the  Cherokees,  who  largely  outnumbered  the  Sacs  and  Foxes.  On  seeing  liim  fall, 
Black  Hawk  assumed  command  and  fouglit  desperately  until  the  enemy  retreated.  In 
this  battle,  he  killed  tliree  men  and  wounded  several  others  with  his  own  hand,  the  enemy's 
loss  being  twenty-eiglit  and  Black  Hawk's  only  seven.  After  this  engagement  he  fell 
heir  to  the  great  medicine  bag  of  the  trilje,  and  after  a  season  of  five  years'  mourning 
with  blackened  faces,  ihe}'  determined  to  avenge  the  death  of  Py-e-sa,  by  the  annihi- 
lation, if  possible,  of  tlio  whole  Cherokee  tribe,  and  took  out  a  strong  army  for  that  pur- 
pose. Black  Hawk  succeeded  in  killing  many  of.tliem,  and  in  finally  driving  them  to 
their  own  country  in  the  Carolinas. 

The  remnant  of  the   Cherokees  now  occupy  a  part  of  the  Indian  Territory,  which 


1-22  GENKRAL   HISTORY   OF   ILLINOIS. 

lies  south  of  Kansas  and  west  of  Arkansas.  Thej-  are  naturally  an  intellectual  people, 
and  many  of  them  are  highly  educated.  They  have  their  schools,  churches,  coUegos, 
courtiS  and  court-house,  legislature,  capitol  building,  etc.  Their  capital  is  Tal-e-qua, 
where  they  have  a  newspaper  wliicli  is  conducted  by  a  member  of  the  Boudiuot  family, 
one  of  the  oldest  families  in  the  tribe  or  Nation,  which  latter  they  prefer  to  be  called. 
A  curious  feature  of  their  newspaper  is,  that  while  three  of  its  pages  are  printed  in  our 
tongue,  the  fourth  page  is  printed  in  the  Cherokee  dialect.  The  lettei-s  (or  alphabet) 
used  to  print  this  page  were  invented  by  an  old  man  of  the  Nation,  or  tribe,  who,  it  is 
said,  could  not  read.  The  charactei-s  of  this  alphabet  look  something  like  Greek  letters. 
The  Cherokees  have  many  excellent  and  liighly-cultivated  farms,  maintain  an  agricultural 
society,  and  the  more  advanced  of  them  live  in  a  style  equal  to  the  best  farmers  i;i  Peoria 
county.     They  are  accounted  the  wealthiest  tribe  of  Indians  on  the  American  continent. 

Black  Hawk's  next  movement  was  against  the  Chippewas,  Kaskaskias  and  Osages, 
with  whom  he  had  seven  regular  engagements,  with  a  loss  of  several  hundred  of  his 
braves.  The  enemy  retired,  and  Black  Hawk  and  liis  warriors  returned  to  their 
village. 

During  the  occurrence  of  the  events  here  narrated,  St.  Louis  a';d  all  the  country 
South  and  West,  was  under  the  dominion  of  Spain.*  In  1801  the  Spanish  government 
ceded  the  country  back  to  France,  and  on  the  30th  day  of  April,  1803,  the  first  Consul  of 
the  Fr(;nch  Republic  ceded  the  country  to  the  United  States.  This  transaction  is  known 
in  American  history  as  the  Louisiana  purchase.  After  this  purchase  the  foreign  authori- 
ties withdrew  from  St.  Louis,  and  tlie  Americans  took  possession.  Soon  afterwards. 
Lieutenant  (subsequently  General)  Zebulon  M.  Pike,  witli  an  escort  of  soldiers,  went  up 
the  Mississippi  river,  visiting  the  chiefs  of  the  various  tribes  that  lived  along  the  banks 
of  the  Father  of  Waters,  and  making  them  presents  in  the  name  of  their  Great  Father, 
the  President  of  the  L'nited  States,  who,  he  told  them,  would  always  treat  them  well  if 
tiiey  would  listen  to  his  advice.  A  few  moons  later,  a  Sac  Indian  killed  an  American,  for 
which  offense  he  was  arrested  and  confined  in  prison  at  St.  Louis.  As  soon  as  intiUi- 
gence  of  the  murder  and  arrest  readied  Black  Hawk,  he  called  a  council  of  the  head 
men  of  his  tribe  at  the  Sac  village  to  talk  tlie  matter  over,  and  consider  what  was  best 
to  be  done.  They  resolved  to  send  four  of  tiieir  braves  to  St.  Louis  to  compromise  witli 
the  authorities  by  paying  the  relatives  of  the  man  killed,  the  only  way  known  to  them 
for  saving  one  jierson  who  had  killed  another.  Quasli-(iua- me  and  three  otiier  men  of 
the  tribe  were  chosen  to  go  on  this  mission,  the  result  of  which  was  thus  related  by 
Black  Hawk : 

Quash  -  qua  -  me  and  his  party  remained  a  long  while  absent.  They  finally  returned,  dressed  in  fine  ciats 
and  wearing  medals,  and  encamped  near  the  village.  Early  next  morning  the  council  was  convened,  and  Quash- 
qua  -  me  and  his  associates  came  in  and  reported  the  result  of  their  mission.  On  their  arrival  at  St.  Louis  they 
reported  to  the  American  chief,  and  urged  the  reUase  of  Iheir  J'tiend.  The  .\merican  chief  said  his  government 
wanted  more  lan<l.  and  if  the  Sacs  and  Koxcs  would  give  him  some  in  Illinois,  opixjsile  Jefferson  (barracks),  they 
would  release  the  imprisoned  Sac.  Qua.sh  ■  qua  •  me  and  his  party  assented  to  this,  and  signed  a  paper  by  making 
their  marks.  When  they  were  ready  to  leave,  iheir  friend  was  released,  but  as  he  was  let  out  of  the  prison,  he  was 
shot  dead. 

"  This,"  continues  Colonel  Patterson,  "  was  the  treaty  of  1804,  lus  rendered  by  Black 
Hawk,  by  which  all  tlieir  country  in  Illinoi;  was  ceded  to  tlie  Ignited  States  for  one 
thousand  duliars  a  year,  and  tiie  great  first  cause  of  the  Black  Hawk  war,  as  lie  claimed 
that  no  one  but  the  chiefs  and  head  men  had  authority  to  make  a  treaty  of  the  kind." 

From  the  fact  that  this  treaty  was  considered  in  at  least  two  subsequent  treaty  con- 
ferences, or  negotiations,  it  would  seem  that  the  Government  was  not  fully  reconciled  as 
to  its  manner  of  validity.  The  first  of  the  subsequent  treaties  at  which  it  was  so  consid- 
ered, was  held  at  Portage  des  Sioux,  on  the  13th  of  September.  IM."),  and  ratified  Dciember 
16,  1«1."),  at  which  the  (iovernment  was  represented  by  William  Clark,  Ninian  Kdwards 

•Krom  1673  to  1763  France  claimed  juris<liction  over  the  country  discovered  by  Marquette  and  Joliet.  In  the 
latter  year  that  Government   ceded  all  the  country  West  of  the  Missiuippi   Kiver  to  Spam. 


GENERAL    HISTORY  OF   ILLrXOIS. 


123 


BLACK  HAWK.  THE  SAC  CHIEF. 


124  OKNKUAL   mSTOin'    OK   IM.INOIS. 

and  Au^uste  Clioteau,  as  Commissioners.  At  that  conference,  the  treaty  of  1804  was  re- 
affirmed, and  tlie  chiefs  and  head  men  of  tlie  Sacs  present,  for  themselves  and  the  bands 
they  represented,  promised  to  kee]>  entirely  separate  from  the  Sacs  of  Rock  River,  who, 
under  Black  Hawk,  had  joined  the  British  in  the  war  then  lately  closed.  A  separate 
treaty  of  peace  was  made  with  the  Foxes  at  the  same  place  on  the  14th  of  September, 
1815,  wherein  the  treaty  of  Quash-qua-me  (made  at  St.  Louis  on  the  3d  day  of  Novem- 
ber, 1804),  was  re-affirmed  by  that  tribe,  and  in  which  they  stipulated  to  deliver  up  all 
their  prisoners  to  the  officer  in  command  at  Fort  Clark. 

The  second  treaty  with  the  Sacs  (of  Rock  River )  was  made  at  St.  Louis  by  the  same 
Commissioners  on  the  13th  day  of  May,  181G.  At  this  time  the  treaty  of  1804  was 
again  re-established  and  confirmed  by  twenty-two  chiefs  and  head  men  of  the  tribe,  in- 
cluding Black  Hawk,  who,  as  he  expressed  it,  "  touched  the  goose-quill."  This  treaty 
was  ratified  on  the  oOth  day  of  December,  1816. 

Tliese  subsequent  treaties  to  the  contrary  notwithstanding.  Black  Hawk  always  ad- 
hered to  his  first  decision,  that  the  treaty  of  1804,  was  null  and  void,  for  the  reason  al- 
ready stated,  and  that  even  if  it  had  been  valid,  the  killing  of  the  jjrisoner  for  whom 
Quash-qua-me  bartered  away  their  lands  broke  the  contract  and  rendered  it  void.  To 
say  the  least,  the  killing  of  that  prisoner,  under  the  circumstances  related  by  Black,  was 
an  instance  of  remarkably  bad  faith  on  the  part  of  the  authorities  in  command  at  St. 
Louis. 

RiJMOVAL   ACROSS   THE   SaSSISSlPPI. 

Under  the  terms  of  the  Quash-qua-me  treaty  of  1804,  according  to  Black  Hawk, 
the  Indians  were  granted  to  remain  in  possession  of  the  land  until  notified  by  the  Gov- 
ernment that  the  country  was  wanted  for  white  occupancy.  He  this  as  it  may,  the  In- 
dians were  not  disturbed  of  their  possession  until  1830.  when  they  were  notified  to  tjuit 
and  move  across  the  Mississippi  river.  Tliey  complied  with  the  notice,  crossed  over  the 
Father  of  Waters  and  took  up  their  abode  on  the_eastern  slope  of  Iowa. 

RETURN   TO   ILLINOIS. 

Hunger  and  want  came  to  his  people,  and  still  rankling  under  what  he  regarded  as 
bad  faith  on  the  part  of  the  Government  authorities  at  St.  Louis  and  a  wrongful  disposses- 
sion of  their  lands.  Black  Hawk  and  his  band  determined  to  recross  the  Mississii)pi  River 
and  to  repossess  their  old  homes  and  corn-fields.  This  determination  was  carried  into 
execution  in  the  Spring  of  1831.  The  movement  excited  great  alarm  among  the  few 
white  people  who  had  settled  on  different  parts  of  the  land  in  disi)ute,  and  complaint 
against  their  presence  was  made  to  the  authorities  of  the  United  States.  These  com- 
plaints represented  that  the  Indians  were  insolent,  and  tliat  they  had  conunitted  and  were 
committing,  many  acts  of  violence.  If  these  complaints  were  founded  in  fact,  the  acts 
of  violence  were,  in  all  likeliiiood,  not  unprovoked. 


FIRST  CAMl'AKiN. 

WllKRIC   THE    HISTORY    OF   THE    WAR    HELONOS. 

The  history  of  the  Blaek  Hawk  War  has  generally  been  conceded  to  belong  to  the 
history  of  Illinois.  It  is  true  that  the  great  first  cause  of  the  war  was  in,  what  Black 
Hawk  ami  most  of  his  baud  believed,  to  be  a  fraudulent  and  wrongful  dispossession  of 
their  lands  in  Illinois,  but  before  the  commencenieut  of  active  hostilities,  the  Sacs  and 
Foxes  were  occupants  of  the  lower  part  of  the  eastern  slope  of  Iowa.  They  started  on 
the  war  path  from  I'uck-c-she-tuck,  (foot  of  the  falls,)  now  the  city  of  Keokuk,  reudez- 


GENERAL   HISTORY   OF   ILLINOIS.  125 

vouzed  at  Fort  Madison,  crossed  the  Mississippi  river  to  the  present  site  of  Pontoosuc, 
traveled  up  through  Illinois,  and  fought  the  only  two  battles  of  the  war  in  what  is  now 
the  State  of  Wisconsin,  after  which  the  survivors  returned  to  the  Iowa  side  of  the  Mis- 
sissippi, many  of  them  to  what  is  now  Lee  county,  where  Black  Hawk,  after  his  release 
from  captivity  in  1833,  became  well  known  to  the  settlers  to  the  time  of  his  death,  in 
October,  1838.  Not  one  of  the  battles  of  the  Black  Hawk  war  was  fouglit  on  Illinois 
soil.  The  Stillman's  Run  affair  was  not  a  battle;  it  was  only  a  "big  scare,"  brought 
upon  Major  Stillman's  command  by  recklessness.  These  facts  are  clearly  established  and 
completely  refute  the  generally  received  opinion  that  the  history  of  this  war  belongs  to 
Illinois.     Its  history  is  about  equally  divided  between  Iowa,  Illinois,  and  Wisconsin. 

GENERAL   GAINES  —  BACK   TO   IOWA. 

Whatever  the  truth  or  falsity  of  the  complaints  made  against  the  Indians  after  their 
return  in  the  Spring  of  1831,  General  Gaines  of  the  United  States  army  was  sent  to  Fort 
Armstrong  in  the  Fall  of  that  year,  with  instructions  to  remove  them  back  beyond  the 
Mississippi.  While  the  troops  under  command  of  General  Gaines  were  at  the  fort, 
Nathaniel  Smith,  now  living  at  St.  Francisville,  Clark  county,  Missouri,  who  was  an 
interpreter  and  spy  for  General  Gaines,  was  sent  to  see  and  talk  with  Black  Hawk  at  the 
Indian  village,  and  to  persuade  him  to  go  and  see  General  Gaines  with  a  view  to  an  ami- 
cable and  peaceful  solution  of  the  difficulty.  Black  Hawk  complied  with  the  request, 
and  was  told  by  General  Gaines  that  he  was  not  a  peace  officer,  and  that  he  had  his  or- 
ders from  the  authorities  at  Washington  to  drive  them  across  the  river,  and  that  he  had 
no  discretion  ;  that  he  did  not  want  any  trouble  or  to  be  forced  to  the  emploA'ment  of 
harsh  measures  in  carrying  out  the  instructions  with  which  he  was  charged  ;  that  he  had 
understood  he  had  agreed  to  live  peacefully,  etc.,  and  finally  that  if  he  and  his  people 
did  not  leave  in  ten  days  he  would  move  against  their  village  with  all  the  force  at  his 
command.  Black  Hawk  listened  with  the  stolid  nature  peculiar  to  Indian  character,  and, 
although  feeling,  as  he  expressed  himself  to  Colonel  Patterson,  that  he  was  asked  to 
abandon  the  homes  that  were  rightfully  theirs,  he  saw  that  it  would  be  useless  to  offer  a 
resistance  that  would  only  end  in  the  slaughter  of  many  of  his  men,  women  and  children, 
that  better  than  incur  such  fatality,  it  was  the  part  of  wisdom  to  yield  to  the  demand  of 
the  white  chief.  At  the  expiration  of  the  ten  days  named  by  General  Gaines,  he  moved 
against  the  village  to  see  if  the  Indians  had  gone,  and  prepared,  if  they  had  not,  to  exe- 
cute his  purpose  of  firing  upon  the  Indians,  and  burning  their  village.  But  Black  Hawk 
had  kei^t  his  promise.  The  Indians  were  gone,  and  re-crossed  to  the  Iowa  side  of  the 
Mississippi. 

BLACK   hawk's   MOVEMENTS   IN   IOWA  —  SECOND    RETURN   TO   ILLINOIS. 

For  an  account  of  Black  Hawk's  movements  after  the  return  of  his  people  to  Iowa 
in  the  Fall  of  1831,  until  they  re-crossed  to  Illinois  in  the  Spring  of  1832,  we  are  indebted 
to  Mr.  Isaac  R.  Campbell,  now  living  at  St.  Francisville,  Clark  county,  Missouri',  but 
then  living  in  a  double  log-hou^e,  one  of  the  first  built  on  the  site  of  Keokuk.  About 
the  year  1821,  Mr.  Campbell  settled  in  Northeast  Missouri  (then  a  Territory),  at  the 
mouth  of  the  Wyacouda  river.  In  1825  he  removed  to  Quash- qua -me's  village 
(Nauvoo),  and  commenced  to  make  a  farm,  and  there  formed  the  acquaintance  of  Black 
Hawk,  who  paid  him  eight  dollars  for  building  a  stone  wall  ai-ound  the  grave  of  one  of 
his  daughters,  who  was  buried  near  Mr.  Campbell's  house.  In  1830  Mr.  Campbell  moved 
to  the  west  side  of  tlie  Mississippi  and  settled  at  Ah  -  wi- pe- tuk,  meaning  commence- 
ment of  the  falls  or  cascade,  now  known  as  Nashville.  In  March,  1821,  he  removed  to 
Puck  -  e- she -tuk,  or  foot  of  the  falls,  at  the  site  of  Keokuk,  where  he  remained  for  a 
number  of  years.  He  was  well  acquainted,  not  only  with  Black  Hawk,  but  with  all  the 
head  men  of  the  Sacs  and  Foxes,  before  and  after  the  war  of  1832.     He  has  been  a  man 


126  OEXEKAF,    HISTORY   OF    II.MNOIS 

of  wonderful  physique  and  intellect,  and  although  he  is  now  eiglity-one  years  of  age,  his 
memory  is  clear  and  distinct,  and  his  statements  entitled  to  the  fullest  credit.  Mr. 
Campbell  says  : 

*•  After  the  Sacs  and  Foxes  returned  to  Iowa  in  the  Fall  of  1831,  they  established 
themselves  on  the  north  Ijank  of  the  Iowa  river,  about  two  and  a  half  miles  above  its 
mouth,  at  the  site  of  a  small  villag;e  tliat  now  bears  the  name  of  tlie  old  chief,  and  almost 
directly  opposite  the  town  of  New  Boston,  in  Mercer  county,  this  State.  They  did  not 
remain  there  long,  however,  until  they  went  to  the  hunting  grounds  on  Salt  Creek,  Mis- 
souri. The  Winter's  hunt  was  not  successful,  and  the  people  suffered  a  great  deal  with 
hunger.  Tliis  circumstance,  added  to  wliat  Black  Hawk  still  harl)ored  as  a  wrongful  dis- 
possession of  their  lands,  determined  him  to  re-cross  the  Mississippi,  a  determination 
from  which  I  tried  to  dissuade  him,  but  without  avail. 

"  When  they  returned  from  their  Salt  Creek  hunt  in  the  Spring  of  1832,  they  stopped 
at  what  the  Indians  always  called  Puck -e -she -tuk,  now  Keokuk,  where  they  had  a 
war-dance,  and  then  went  on  up  the  Mississippi.  The}-  camped  a  night  or  two  in  the 
timber  along  Devil  creek,  about  six  miles  west  from  Fort  Madison.  Their  women  and 
children,  cooking  utensils,  etc.,  were  transported  in  canoes,  while  the  men  followed  along 
the  west  bank  of  the  Mississippi  with  their  horses  and  ponies.  Their  real  starting  point 
was  from  Fort  Madison,  and  on  the  6th  day  of  April  they  crossed  the  Mississippi  from  a 
point  opposite  the  present  vil'age  or  landing  of  Pontoosuc.  It  has  been  said  by  some 
writers  that  they  crossed  their  ponies  and  horses  by  swimming  them,  but  the  state- 
ment is  at  fault.  They  were  crossed  on  what  were  known  as  '  floats."  These  floats  were 
made  l)y  lashing  tliree  canoes  of  equal  heiglit  together,  and  covering  them  witli  poles, 
which  in  turn  were  covered  with  leaves  to  a  thickness  sufficient  to  make  a  platform  strong 
enough  to  carry  as  many  ponies  as  could  be  made  to  stand  upon  them. 

"  While  the  Indians  were  in  front  of  my  house  on  their  return  from  Salt  creek,  I 
learned  that  they  were  going  to  cross  back  into  Illinois,  and  fearing  it  would  lead  to 
trouble,  I  tried  to  persuade  Black  Hawk,  with  whom  I  had  been  on  the  most  friendly 
terms  for  a  good  many  years,  not  to  do  so,  but  my  words  of  counsel  were  not  heeded. 
He  assured  me  that  they  were  not  going  to  Illinois  to  light,  but  to  care  for  the  graves  of 
their  fathers — for  tlie  Indians  have  a  decoration  day  as  well  as  the  whites  have  had  since 
the  war.  I  knew  nothing  of  their  movements  after  they  crossed  the  river,  except  what  I 
heard  and  read.  After  the  war,  and  Black  Hawk's  release  from  captivity  in  1^33,  and 
his  return  to  Iowa,  lie  often  told  me  before  liis  death,  that  he  was  sorry  that  he  had  not 
taken  my  advice  and  remained  away  from  Illinois  in  1832,  as  it  was  the  most  disastrous 
movement  he  ever  made.  He  said  that  his  sun  seemed  to  set  in  darkness,  and  his 
strength  to  depart. 

"As  a  token  of  his  friendship  for  me,  he  gave  me  liis  favorite  luinting  gun,  which  is 
now  in  the  possession  of  my  son.  Captain  James  W.  Campbell  at  Ft)rl  Madison." 

BLACK   hawk's  PURPOSE. 

We  have  Mr.  Campbell's  statement,  as  above,  that  Black  Hawk  assured  him  they 
were  not  going  on  the  war  path.  Tiie  statements  of  other  parties  of  credibility  will  be 
prescMited  as  showing  light  on  the  bearing  and  seeming  intentions  of  Black  Hawk,  after 
whicii  the  reader  will  be  left  to  draw  his  own  conclusions  as  to  whether  the  war  against 
tlie  Sacs  and  Foxes  in  1832  was  justifiable  or  not. 

HEARING   OF   HIS    BRAVES. 

After  they  cro8.sed  into  Illinois  at  Pontoosuc,  Black  Hawk  and  his  band,  including 
women  and  children,  turned  in  the  direction  of  Rock  river.  The  Galfiilan,  of  1832,  Dr. 
A.  Phileo,  editor,  under  date  of  ,\Iay  2d,  .said:  "Black  Hawk,  whose  people  were 
reduced  to  the  verge  of  starvation  in  Iowa,  had  been  invited  to  Illinois  by  the  Prophet, 


GENERAL   HISTORY   OF   IM.IXOIS.  127 

and  taken  possession  of  a  tract  of  land  about  forty  miles  up  Rock  river,  but  that  he  did 
not  remain  there  long,  until  he  commenced  his  march  up  Rock  river."  Capt.  William 
B.  Green,  now  of  Chicago,  who  served  in  Stephenson's  compan}^  of  mounted  rangers, 
says  that  "  Black  Hawk  a7id  his  band  crossed  the  river  with  no  hostile  intent,  but  to 
accept  an  invitation  from  Pit  -  ta  -  wak,  a  friendly  chief,  to  come  over  and  spend  the  Sum- 
mer with  his  people  on  the  head  waters  of  the  Illinois,"  and  tlie  movements  of  Black 
Hawk  up  Rock  river  befoi-e  pursuit  by  the  military,  seems  to  confirm  this  statement. 

Others  who  agree  with  Green,  that  Black  Hawk  did  not  come  to  fight  and  had  no 
idea  of  fighting,  say  that  he  had  retired  to  the  west  side  of  the  Mississippi  the  previous 
year  under  treaty,  receiving  a  large  quantity  of  corn  and  other  provisions,  but  in  the 
Spring  his  provisions  were  gone,  his  followers  were  starving,  and  he  came  back  expecting 
to  negotiate  another  treaty  and  to  get  a  new  supply  of  provisions. 

The  veteran,  John  Dixon,  at  one  time  Clerk  of  the  County  Commissioners'  Court  of 
Peoria  County,  but  then  living  at  Dixon's  ferry,  now  the  city  of  Dixon,  was  authority 
for  the  statement  that  the  Indians  stopped  at  his  house  as  they  were  going  up  Rock  river, 
and  that  Ne-o-pope,  Black  Hawk's  head  man,  assured  him  they  intended  to  commit  no 
depredations,  and  that  they  would  not  fight  unless  attacked.  Mr.  Dixon  also  said  that 
Ne-o-pope  had  the  j'oung  braves  well  in  hand  and  under  perfect  control,  and  that  they 
were  orderly,  and  gave  no  signs  of  hostile  intentions. 

Whatever  Black  Hawk's  purposes  may  have  been,  his  crossing  the  Mississippi  river 
was  considered  an  invasion,  and  the  war  followed.  However,  it  is  the  unanimous  testi- 
mony of  survivors  of  that  period,  now  living  on  the  line  of  Black  Hawk's  march  and  on 
the  old  battle-fields,  whom  the  writer  has  sought  out  for  information,  that,  except  the 
violation  of  treaty  stipulations  and  an  arrogance  of  manner  natural  to  an  Indian  who 
wanted  to  make  a  new  trade  with  the  "•  Great  Father,"  the  Sacs  under  Black  Hawk 
committed  no  serious  acts  of  hostility,  and  intended  none  until  the  alternative  of  war  or 
extermination  was  presented  to  them.  It  is  certain,  too,  that  the  peojile  of  Galena  and 
the  mining  districts  generally,  apprehended  no  serious  trouble  and  made  no  preparations 
for  war  until  Captain  Stephenson  carried  them  the  news  of  Stillman's  rout  on  the  15th 
of  May. 

Although  Black  Hawk's  movement  in  crossing  back  to  the  Rock  River  country  was 
construed  into  a  hostile  demonstration,  it  is  a  well  known  fact  that  no  Indian  warriors 
ever  went  on  the  war-path  encumbered  with  their  women  and  children.  More  than  this, 
it  does  not  appear,  from  the  sixth  da}'  of  April  until  Stillman's  soldiers  disregarded  his 
flag  of  truce  on  the  12th  of  May,  that  a  single  settler  was  murdered,  or  suffered  any  ma- 
terial injury  at  the  hands  of  Black  Hawk  or  his  band.  In  truth,  Hon.  H.  S.  Townsend, 
of  Warren,  Jo  Daviess  county,  states  that  in  one  instance,  at  least,  where  they  took  corn 
from  a  settler,  they  paid  him  for  it.  Capt.  W.  B.  Green  writes:  "I  never  heard  of 
Black  Hawk's  band,  while  passing  up  Rock  river,  commiting  any  depredation  whatever, 
not  even  petty  theft." 

COLONEL   DAVENPORT. 

Some  writers  have  sought  to  implicate  Colonel  George  Davenport  as  scheming  to 
secure  the  return  of  the  Indians  in  1832.     One  of  these  writers  has  said : 

"  It  is  well  known  that  in  nearlj^  all  the  treaties  ever  made  with  the  Indians,  the 
Indian  traders  dictated  the  terms  for  their  allies  and  customers,  and,  of  course,  received 
a  large  share  of  the  annuities,  etc.,  in  payment  for  debts  due  to  him.  Each  tribe  had 
certain  traders  who  supplied  them.  George  Davenport  had  a  trading  post  at  Fort  Arm- 
strong. His  customers  were  largely  the  Sacs  and  Foxes,  and  he  was  held  in  high  esteem 
by  them  ;  in  fact  his  word  was  their  law.  It  is  said  that  Black  Hawk's  band  became 
indebted  to  him  for  a  large  amount  which  they  were  unable  to  pay.  They  had  not  had 
good  luck  hunting  during  the  Winter  and  he  was  likely  to  lose  heavily.     If  Black  Hawk, 


128  GEXEUAL   UI.--T<iKV   <»K   ILLINOIS. 

therefore,  could  he  induced  to  come  on  this  side  of  the  river  attain  and  the  people  could 
be  alarmed  so  tiiat  a  military  force  could  be  sent  in  pursuit  of  him,  another  treaty  could 
be  made,  he  might  assist  in  negotiating  terms  and  get  his  pay  out  of  the  payments  the 
government  would  make,  and  all  would  be  well.  Mr.  Amos  Farrar,  who  was  Daven- 
port's partner  for  some  years,  and  who  died  in  Galena  during  the  war,  is  said  to  have 
declared,  while  on  his  death-bed,  that  the  *  Indians  were  not  to  be  blamed,  that  if  they 
had  been  let  alone  there  would  have  been  no  trouble — that  the  band  were  owing  Mr. 
Davenport  and  he  wanted  to  get  his  pay  and  would,  if  another  treaty  had  been  made.' 

"  In  a  letter  to  Gen.  Atkinson,  dated  April  13,  1832,  Davenport  says:  '  I  have  been 
informed  that  the  British  band  of  Sac  Indians  are  determined  to  make  war  on  the  frontier 
settlements.  •  •  •  From  every  information  that  I  have  received,  I  am  of  the  opinion 
that  the  intention  of  the  British  band  of  Sac  Indians  is  to  commit  depredations  on  the 
inhabitants  of  the  frontier.' 

"  Just  such  a  letter  as  he  or  any  other  trader  would  have  written  to  cause  a  pursuit, 
and  consequent  treaty.  Black  Hawk  evidently  understood  the  game.  He  was  leisurely 
pursuing  his  way  up  Rock  river,  waiting  for  the  first  appearance  of  the  military  to  dis- 
play the  white  flag  and  negotiate  as  he  had  done  the  previous  year." 

Tlie  intimation  here  conveyed  that  Davenport  played  a  conspicuous  part  in  prevail- 
ing upon  Black  Hawk  to  cross  back  to  Illinois,  and  that  his  letter  to  General  Atkinson 
was  only  a  cunning  device  of  a  wilj-  creditor  to  secure  a  bad  debt,  is  not  sustained  by 
subsequent  events.  On  the  contrary,  it  would  seem  that  he  was  fully  advised  of  Indian 
intentions  when  he  wrote  that  letter.  The  British  band  did  invade  Illinois  and  kill  Agent 
Saver.  About  the  same  time,  some  Wiunebagoes  also  killed  one  of  three  or  four  men 
who  were  engaged  at  work  in  a  field  or  meadow  near  Oijuawka.  The  other  men,  among 
whom  was  Nathan  Smith,  already  mentioned  as  living  at  St.  Francisville,  Mo.,  took  to 
flight  and  managed  to  escape,  although  they  were  closely  pursued  for  some  distance. 
Notwithstanding  this  affair  was  the  work  of  members  of  the  British  band,  it  increased 
the  excitement  against  Black  Hawk's  baud,  and  hastened  the  conflict  with  them. 


SECOND  CAMPAIGN. 


GOVERNOR   REYNOLDS  —  CALL   K<iK  TROOPS. 


Whether  Black  Hawk  returned  with  peaceable  intentions  or  determined  to  wage  a 
war  upon  tlie  whites,  overcome  them  and  thus  reclaim  and  repossess  their  old  homes,  or 
for  the  purpose  of  securing  a  new  trade  with  the  "  Great  Father,"  it  matters  not  —  the 
result  was  the  same.  The  Indians  had  scarcely  crossed  the  Mississippi  and  st^irted  on 
their  marcli  up  through  Illinois,  before  a  report  of  the  invasion  was  carried  to  Governor 
Reynolds,  who,  knowing  the  belligerent  character  of  tiie  Indians  and  of  tlie  settlers,  and 
that  the  least  indiscretion  by  eitlier  party  would  precijutiite  the  entire  Northwest  in  a 
bloody  war,  determined  to  call  out  a  large  force  of  volunteers  as  the  best  means  of  avert- 
ing such  a  calamity.  On  the  Ifith  of  April  he  issued  a  call  to  that  end  and  at  the  same 
time  addressed  the  following  letter  to  the  people : 

Kki.i.ow  CirUESs;  —  Your  country  require*  your  Mrvice*.  The  lii.liaiis  htve  .l^iun^cd  a  lioslilr  .-ittiiudc  .inM 
invaded  the  Sta'e  in  violation  of  the  treaty  of  l\>t  Summer.  The  llriiish  liand  of  Sac*  and  other  hostile  Indians  are 
in  po«w»»i<>n  of  the  country  on  Koclc  river  to  the  qreat  terror  of  the  frontier  inliatiit.int*.  ami  I  coniidcr  the  tcttlers 
in  imminent  danger.  Under  the«e  circum4iance»  I  have  not  hesitate  I  what  course  I  should  |iur>uc.  No  ciliten 
ouchi  to  remain  inactive  when  his  country  is  invaded  and  tlie  helpless  |>art  of  the  community  is  in  dancer,  t  have 
called  out  a  siron);  detachment  of  militia  to  rendeivout  at  Beardstown  on  the  aid  initant.  rrovisions  lor  the  men 
and  food  for  the  hories  mtiII  he  furnislieJ  in  a'lundance.  I  hope  mv  countrymen  will  realitc  my  expectation  and  offer 
their  lervices  as  hereluforc  with  promptitude  and  cheerfulness  in  defense  of  their  country." 


GENERAL   HISTORY  OP  ILLINOIS.  129 

There  was  a  prompt  response  to  Governor  Reynolds'  call  for  volunteers  and  to  this 
appeal,  and  in  a  few  days  eighteen  hundred  men  reported  for  duty  at  the  Beardstown 
camp.  In  the  meantime,  General  Atkinson,  tlien  in  command  of  the  regular  forces  near 
the  scene  of  threatened  hostilities,  made  a  requisition  for  additional  troops,  stating  that 
the  frontier  was  in  danger,  and  that  the  forces  under  his  command  were  insufficient  for 
its  defense.  Daily  accounts  of  the  movements  of  the  Indians  were  conveyed  by  carrier 
to  Governor  Reynolds.  Judge  Young,  Colonel  Strode  and  Benjamin  Mills  wrote  letters 
to  him  appealing  for  protection  for  tlie  frontier,  stating  that  the  Pottawatomies  and 
Winnebagoes  had  joined  Black  Hawk  and  that  the  inhabitants  were  in  imminent  danger. 
On  the  receipt  of  these  letters  two  hundred  men  inider  command  of  Major  Stillmau 
were  ordered  to  guard  the  frontier  near  the  Mississippi ;  and  two  hundred  more  under 
command  of  Major  Bailey  were  ordered  to  the  protection  of  the  country  between  the 
Mississippi  and  the  Illinois  rivers.  The  aspect  of  affairs  was  deemed  to  be  so  threaten- 
ing that  the  call  for  troops  was  extended  to  every  part  of  the  State  for  the  purpose  of 
raising  a  reserve  force  of  five  thousand  men  to  be  ready  in  case  of  emergency. 

On  the  22d  of  April,  the  eighteen  hundred  men  at  Beardstown  were  mustered  in 
four  regiments,  an  odd  and  spy  battalion.  Colonel  DeWitt  was  chosen  to  be  commander 
of  the  first  regiment ;  Colonel  Fry.  of  the  second  ;  Colonel  Thomas,  of  the  third ;  Colonel 
Thompson,  of  the  fourth  ;  and  Major  James  of  the  odd  battalion.  Governor  Reynolds, 
who  accomjjanied  the  army  in  person,  placed  Gen.  Whiteside  in  command  of  the  brigade 
and  Colonel  James  D.  Heniy  in  command  of  the  spy  battalion.  .  Enoch  C.  March  and 
Samuel  C.  Christy,  merchants,  were  appointed  to  procure  supplies ;  William  Thomas  was 
appointed  brigade  quarter-master  ;  James  Turney,  paymaster  ;  James  B.  Stapp  and  Joseph 
M.  Chadwick,  staff-officers ;  Vital  Jarrot,  adjutant-general,  and  Cyrus  Edwards,  ordnance 
officer. 

Colonel  March,  of  the  supply  department,  was  dispatched  to  St.  Louis  for  supplies, 
and  on  the  27th  of  April,  the  army  broke  camp  a  few  miles  north  of  Rusfiville,  and,  with 
only  a  few  days'  rations,  took  up  its  line  of  march  for  Oquawka,  where  it  was  intended 
to  meet  Col.  Christy  and  a  supply  boat.  In  consequence  of  high  waters  and  muddy 
roads  the  march  was  slow,  but  not  so  slow  but  that  the  army  reached  Oquawka  in  ad- 
vance of  the  expected  and  needed  supplies.  On  the  evening  of  the  day  of  their  arrival 
at  Oquawka  they  were  joined  by  Captain  Warren  and  two  companies  from  Warren 
county.  On  the  fiftli  day  the  boat  had  not  arrived,  the  provisions  were  exhausted,  the 
men  began  to  murmur,  and  Governor  Reynolds  dispatched  three  men  to  General  Atkin- 
son, at  Fort  Armstrong,  Rock  Island,  fifty  miles  distant,  asking  for  relief.  Although  the 
streams  were  swollen  from  recent  rains,  the  messenger  for  succor  accomplished  the  trip 
in  one  day,  and  the  next  day  a  boat-load  of  provisions  came  to  their  relief,  and  on  the 
day  following  the  William  Wallace  arrived  from  St.  Louis  with  the  supplies  provided  by 
Colonel  March.  After  rations  were  issued  and  the  hunger  of  the  men  appeased,  the 
baggage  wagons  were  loaded,  and  the  army  prepared  to  move  towards  Dixon's  ferry, 
where,  according  to  latest  rumors,  the  Indians  were  posted.  When  the  command  was 
read}'  to  move,  a  letter  came  from  Gen.  Atkinson  with  the  intelligence  that  Black  Hawk 
and  his  people  had  turned  down  Rock  river,  and  requesting  Governor  Rej'nolds  to  march 
immediately  to  Fort  Armstrong.  Instead  of  going  to  Fort  Armstrong,  however,  the  army " 
was  marched  to  the  mouth  of  Rock  river,  where  it  was  consolidated  with  the  United 
States   regulars  and  the  command  assumed  by  General  Atkinson. 

Tlie  rumor  that  Black  Hawk  and  his  Indians  had  turned  to  descend  Rock  river  in  the 
direction  of  re-crossing  the  Mississippi,  proved  to  be  incorrect,  and  the  commanding  general 
steamed  up  the  river  with  an  armament  of  cannon  and  four  hundred  regulars,  while  the 
Illinois  troops  rode  up  through  the  swamps  and  low  lands  skirting  Rock  river.  Fre- 
quently signs  of  Indians  were  found,  and  where  they  had  immolated  dogs  to  appease  tlie 
Great  Spirit.     In  these  instances  of  superstition,  common  among  the  Indians,  the  body 


130  CKNEKAI-    IIISTOHY   (>K   ILLINOIS 

of  the  dog  was  relieved  of  its  intestines,  after  which  it  was  fastened  to  a  tree  over  a  small 
fire  with   the  head  pointing  in  the  direction  the  Indians  had  gone. 

On  the  10th  day  of  May  the  spies  captured  an  Indian  near  Prophetstown,  White- 
side county,  from  whom  it  was  learned  that  Black  Hawk  and  his  people  were  on  Rock 
river,  above  Dixon's  Ferrj-.  On  receipt  of  this  information,  the  land  forces  moved  up  to 
Prophetstown,  where  it  was  further  reported  to  them  that  the  Indians  had  dispersed,  and 
it  was  determined  to  abandon  the  pursuit  and  await  the  arrival  of  General  Atkinson  with 
the  steamboat  and  provisions.  It  was  believed  that  Black  Hawk  and  his  band  had  it  in 
mind  to  locate  on  the  lands  of  the  Pottawatomies,  and,  as  a  means  of  preventing  such  a  set- 
tlement, a  commission  of  five  men  was  sent  to  confer  with  the  chiefs  of  that  nation  upon 
the  subject.  Because  of  cloudy  weather  and  want  of  acquaintance  with  the  face  of  the 
country,  the  party  became  lost,  and  the  conference  was  not  held.  Governor  Reynolds 
and  his  army  of  aiiout  two  thousand  men,  returned  to  Dixon  greatly  exhausted,  having 
been  without  food  or  rest  for  two  days,  and  there  awaited  the  arrival  of  General  Atkin- 
son and  the  provision  boat. 

stilljian's  rout. 

Majors  Stillman  and  Bailey,  previously  mentioned  as  being  sent  out  in  advance  of 
Governor  Reynolds'  forces  to  protect  the  frontier  settlements,  were  at  Dixon  when  the 
army  arrived  there,  and  having  accomplished  but  little  service,  they  asked  to  be  sent 
out  on  a  scouting  expedition  and  to  report  the  situation  of  the  enemy,  as  it  had  been 
rumored  that  a  part  of  Black  Hawk's  force  was  encami)ed  on  Old  Man's  creek,  about 
twelve  miles  aljove  Dixon.  In  answer  to  this  request  Governor  Reynolds  issued  the 
following  order : 

Major  Stillman  : — You  will  cause  the  tioops  under  your  immediate  command,  and  the  battalion  under  Major 
Bailey,  to  proceed  without  delay  to  the  head  of  Old  Man's  creek,  where  it  is  supposed  there  are  some  hostile 
Indians,  and  coerce  them  into  submission. 

This  order  was  issued  on  Friday,  the  11  th  day  of  May,  and  on  Saturday  morning, 
the  12th,  Major  Stillman  set  out  on  his  expedition  with  about  three  hundred  mounted 
men,  all  of  whom,  including  men  and  officers,  were  hopeful  of  being  able  to  give  a  good 
account  of  themselves,  and  many  f>f  them  were  boastful  of  what  their  conduct  would  be 
in  an  encounter  with  the  red  foe.  They  reached  Old  Man's  creek,  but  found  no  enemy. 
Beyond  this  j)oint  they  had  no  authority  to  proceed,  but  eager  for  a  bout  with  the 
Indians,  and  ignorant  of  their  lodgment,  the)'  pushed  on  seventeen  miles  farther  to  Syca- 
more creek,  about  twelve  miles  above  what  was  then  known  as  Sinnissippi,  a  shallow 
crossing  of  Rock  river,  at  the  present  site  of  Oregon  City,  in  Ogle  county,  which  they 
crossed  and  prepared  to  go  into  camp.  At  this  time  the  main  body  of  Black  Hawk's 
braves  were  lodged  across  the  high  point  of  land  between  Sycamore  creek  and  Rock 
river,  where,  it  has  been  said,  the  chief  and  head-men  were  making  arrangemeuts  to  sue 
for  terms.  How  true  the  statement  may  be  is  not  for  the  writer  to  determine,  and  the 
reader  is  left  to  compare  the  statement  with  the  declarations  made  by  Black  Hawk  to 
Isaac  R.  Oaiiiiibcll  before  he  started  to  Illinois  from  Keokuk,  and  by  Ne-o-pope  to  Mr. 
Dixon,  when  the  Indians  arrived  at  Dixon's  Ferry.  Whether  true  or  false,  it  was  of  no 
benefit  to  the  Indians. 

While  Stillman's  men  were  engaged  in  camp  duties,  three  unarmed  Indians,  bearing 
a  flag  of  truce,  made  their  appearance  coming  across  (he  liigli  point  of  land  before  men- 
tioned, and  were  taken  into  custody.  Pretty  soon  after  this  occurrence,  five  other 
Indians  on  horse-l>ack  were  seen  on  the  high  ground  about  one  nnle  distant.  At  sight  of 
tliest!  Indians,  an  old  soldier  nameil  Harrison  exclaimed,  "Get  ready,  boys;  you'll  have  all 
the  lighting  now  that  you  want."  Without  further  orders  from  any  source,  the  men 
mounted  in  hot  haste,  and  it  was  not  long  until  three-fourths  of  the  command  was  darting 
away  iu  the  direction  of  the  Indians  as  fast  as  their  horses  could  carry  them.     While  the 


J 


GEXERAL  HISTORY   OF   ILLINOIS.  131 

larger  part  of  the  men  were  flying  away  after  the  five  mounted  Indians,  one  of  the  flag  of 
truce  party  was  cowardly  killed.  The  other  two  Indians  of  the  flag  of  truce  party  man- 
aged to  escape.  Stillman's  men  being  best  mounted,  soon  overtook  and  killed  two  of  the 
other  party  of  five  Indians,  and  pursued  the  other  three  to  the  edge  of  the  timber  where 
Black  Hawk  was  lodged.  At  this  juncture  Black  Hawk  and  a  party  of  about  fift}-  of  his 
braves  suddenl}-  confronted  Stillman's  Illinoisans  with  a  terrible  war  whoop,  and  rushed 
forward  to  meet  them.  It  was  now  the  turn  of  the  volunteers  to  retreat.  Without 
waiting  for  the  onslaught,  they  wheeled  and  fled  as  if  they  were  pursued  by  a  thousand 
savage  warriors,  instead  of  fifty  or  less.  They  dashed  through  the  camp,  spreading  ter- 
ror and  consternation  among  their  comrades,  but  late  so  eager  to  meet  the  foe.  The 
wildest  panic  ensued ;  there  was  "  mounting  in  hot  haste,"  and  without  waiting  to  see 
whether  there  was  any  thing  to  run  from,  every  man  fled,  never  stopping  until  they  had 
reached  Dixon's  Ferry  or  some  other  place  of  safety,  unless  stopped  by  the  tomahawk  or 
bullet.  The  first  man  to  reach  Dixon  was  a  Kentucky  lawyer,  who,  as  he  strode  into  Dixon, 
reported  that  everj'  man  of  Stillman's  command  had  been  killed  except  himself.  Another 
man,  named  Comstock,  never  stopped  until  he  reached  Galena,  where  he  reported  that 
"the  men  were  all  drunk,  as  he  was,  got  scared  and  made  the  best  time  they  could  out 
of  danger,  but  that  he  didn't  see  a  single  Indian."  Wagons,  ammunition,  and  almost 
every  thing  else,  except  the  horses  on  which  the  men  were  mounted,  or  on  M'hich  others 
could  mount,  were  left  to  the  Indians. 

The  now  venerable  and  honorable  John  Stringer,  of  Kickapoo  township,  Peoria 
county,  was  a  corporal  in  Captain  Abner  Ead's  Peoria  company,  says  there  was  not  an 
oflicer  to  be  found  anywhere,  when  the  stampede  commenced  ;  that  the  men  dashed  away 
regardless  of  discipline  or  consequences,  that  they  threw  their  guns  over  their  shoulders, 
and  for  some  distance  after  there  was  a  continuous  discharge  of  rifles  to  the  rear.  Mr. 
Stringer  was  in  the  rear  when  the  flight  l)egan,  and  to  avoid  danger  to  himself  and  others 
from  the  discharge  of  the  rifles,  he  turned  to  one  side,  rode  along  the  line,  and  cautioned 
the  men  against  the  danger  of  killing  their  comrades.  "  And,"  said  he,  "  suppose  you  should 
run  into  an  Indian  ambuscade,  what  would  3'ou  do  with  empty  guns  ?  "  "We  never 
thought  of  that,"  was  the  reply,  and  the  firing  ceased ;  but  the  flight  was  kept  up.  At 
Old  Man's  creek,  since  called  Stillman's  run,  some  delay  was  occasioned  in  crossing,  be- 
cause of  its  muddy  banks.  After  passing  the  stream.  Major  Perkins  and  Captain  Adams 
succeeded  in  rallying  fifteen  or  twenty  of  the  fleeing  men,  and  made  a  short  stand,  check- 
ing the  approach  of  the  Indians,  and  no  doubt  saved  the  lives  of  many  men  who  would 
otherwise  have  been  killed.  In  this  short  engagement  Captain  Adams  killed  two  Indians 
with  his  own  hands,  and  in  turn  was  killed  himself,  his  body  being  recovered  the  second 
day.  None  of  the  men  lived  to  tell  the  story  of  the  engagement,  but  from  broken  guns, 
ghastly  wounds,  inflicted  with  rifles,  tomahawks,  scalping-knives,  and  other  instruments 
of  Indian  warfare,  the  engagement  must  have  been  a  terrific  one.  A  j'oung  man  named 
Hackelton  had  a  hand-to-hand  conflict  with  an  Indian,  in  which  the  Indian  threw  down 
his  gun  and  attempted  to  use  his  knife.  Hackelton  closed  with  him,  caught  the  blade  of 
the  knife  in  his  hand,  cutting  it  severely,  but  succeeded  in  wrenching  it  from  the  In- 
dian's grasp  and  plunging  it  into  his  heart,  the  Indian  fell  lifeless  at  his  feet.  Hackelton 
escaped  and  found  his  way  to  Dixon. 

BACK   TO  DIXON. 

"  The  night  of  the  scare,"  continues  Mr.  Stringer,  "  was  one  of  those  when  white, 
fleecy  clouds  float  in  the  air,  and  the  atmosphere  was  genial  and  balmy.  It  was  what 
one  might  call  a  pleasant  May  evening,  and  a  nice  one  for  a  night  ride.  The  fugitives 
commenced  to  arrive  at  Dixon's  about  twelve  o'clock  at  night,  and  continued  to  come  in 
in  small  squads  until  the  whole  force,  except  what  had  been  killed  by  the  Indians,  and  a 
few  by  our  own  men  in  firing  backward,  were  there.     And  what  stories   of  hair-breadth 


132  CEXERAL   HISTORY   (iF   II.MXOIS. 

escapes  some  of  thorn  had  to  tell  I  Accordinfj  to  some  of  their  statements,  they  had  to 
figlit  tlieir  way  from  Syciunore  creek  to  Dixon,  when  only  the  fewest  number  of  them 
saw  an  Indian  after  they  turned  tail  to  Black  Hawk  and  his  handful  of  warriors  as  they 
rushed  out  of  the  timber  with  their  war  whoop,  the  evening  before." 

All  accounts  of  this  inglorious  affair  concur  in  the  statement  that  the  officers  and  a 
great  many  of  the  men  were  drunk,  and  that  the  flag  of  truce  displayed  by  Black  Hawk 
was  disregarded,  and  one  of  its  Ijearers  cowardly  killed  while  on  a  flag  of  truce  mission. 
The  whites  had  commenced  the  work  of  murder,  and  the  Indians,  losing  all  hope  of  ne- 
gotiation, determined  that  extermination  was  a  game  that  both  parties  could  play. 

"COUNCIL  OF  WAB." 

The  disaster  to  Stillman's  command  created  wild  excitement  in  the  camp  at  Dixon. 
Governor  Reynolds  at  once  issued  a  call  for  two  thousand  additional  volunteers  to  be  in 
readiness  for  future  operations.  Colonel  March  was  ordered  to  forward  provisions  for 
the  men,  and  Major  Adams  was  directed  to  procure  and  forward  provender  for  the  horses. 
Atkinson  and  Dodge  were  advised  of  the  situation,  and  the  former,  who  had  not  yet 
arrived  at  Dixon,  that  the  army  there  were  destitute  of  provision,  and  that  the  frontiers 
of  Wisconsin  (then  Michigan),  were  exposed  and  in  danger. 

"TENTING   ON   THE  OLD   CA5IP   GKOUND." 

On  Sunday,  the  13th,  a  "council  of  war"  was  held  at  the  tent  of  Gen.  Whiteside* 
then  in  command,  at  which  it  was  decided  to  march  to  the  scene  of  the  disaster  the  next 
morning  to  find  and  punish  the  Indians.  Some  oxen  were  obtained  from  Mr.  Dixon  and 
killed  as  a  temporary  supply  for  the  expedition.  The  beef  was  distributed  among  the 
men,  who  cooked  and  ate  it  without  suit  or  bread,  and  started  l)aek  for  the  field  of  con- 
flict. Wherever  the  mangled  remains  of  their  late  comrades  were  found,  they  were  gath- 
ered together  and  buried  in  a  common  grave,  and  a  rough  slab,  hewn  from  the  trunk  of 
a  tree,  erected  to  mark  the  place.  Monday  night,  the  14th,  the  men  cami>ed  (Ui  the 
ground  from  which  Stillman's  detachment  fled  so  precipitately  on  Saturday  evening. 
During  the  night  the  firing  of  heavy  guns  was  heard,  which  was  believed  to  be  signals 
for  collecting  Black  Hawk's  scattered  braves,  and  an  attack  wiis  momentarily  expected. 
It  came  not,  however,  and  the  morning  dawned  without  an  enemy  being  seen.  On  Tues- 
day morning  Major  Henry  was  ordered  to  scour  the  country  with  his  battalion,  but  no 
trace  of  the  enemy  being  discovered,  the  entire  command  fell  back  to  Dixon. 

GENERAL   SCOTT — A  NEW  ENEAIY. 

Intelligence  of  Stillmiin's  defeat  scattered  terror  and  consternation  throughout  the 
State  aiul  nation.  The  number  of  warriors  was  greatly  over-estimated,  and  Black  Hawk 
was  credited  with  great  military  skill  and  sagacity.  General  Scott,  with  nine  companies 
of  artillery,  stationed  at  Old  Point  Comfort,  Virginia,  wius  ordered  to  the  Rock  river 
country  to  superintend  future  ojierations  against  the  Indians.  The  Asiatic  cholera, 
which  had  just  reached  the  country,  overtook  his  command  at  Detroit.  Hfiny  Howe's 
"Great  NVi'st,"  pulilislied  in  iH.'i^,  says  that  the  "two  hundred  and  eight  men.  under 
command  of  Colonel  Twiggs,  landed  at  Fort  Gratiot,  and  that  the  disea^se  made  such 
ravage  among  them,  that  but  very  few  escaped.  Some  of  tliem  died  in  hospital,  some  in 
the  woods,  and  .some  deserted  to  avoid  the  pestilence,  and  being  scattered  about  the 
country,  shunned  by  the  terrified  inhabitants,  and  repelled  from  their  doors,  lay  down 
in  the  fiehls  and  died,  without  a  friend  to  close  their  eyes  or  console  the  last  moments  of 
their  existence.  The  rest  of  tlit;  nine  companies  continueil  their  course  and  arrived  at 
Mackinaw,  comparatively  untouched  by  the  disease.  There  it  broke  out  afresh,  and  on 
the  passage  from  Mackinaw  to  Chicago,  thirty  were  thrown  overboard.  On  the  18th  of 
July  General  Scott  reached  Chicago,  and  old   Fort  Dearborn  was  ccuiverted  into  a   hos- 


GENERAL   HISTORY   OP   ILLINOIS.  133 

pltal  for  his  cholera-stricken  men.  In  the  first  thirty  days  after  his  arrival  there,  ninety 
of  his  men  answered  the  last  earthl}-  roll  call  and  were  '  whelmed  in  pits'  without  coffins, 
'  without  notice  and  without  remembrance.'  " 

General  Scott  reported  his  arrival  at  Chicago  to  Governor  Reynolds  iu  a  letter  under 
date  of  Jul}^  15,  in  whicli  he  gave  an  account  of  the  cholera  affliction  among  his  troops. 
The  letter  was  published  in  the  Louisville  (Kentucky)  Advertiser,  July  27,  1832,  and  is 
here  appended: 

Headquarters  N.  W.  Army,  Chicago,  July  15,  1832. 

Sir  : — To  prevent  or  correct  the  exaggerations  of  rumor  in  respect  to  the  existence  of  cholera  at  this  place,  I  ad- 
dress myself  to  your  Excellency.  Four  steamers  were  engaged  at  Buffalo  to  transport  United  States  troops  and  sup- 
plies to  Chicago.  In  the  headmost  of  these  boats,  the  Sheldon  Thomas,  I,  with  my  staff  and  four  companies,  a  part 
of  Col.  Eusti.s' command,  arrived  here  on  the  night  of  the  roih  inst.  On  the  Sth  all  on  board  were  in  high  health 
and  spirits,  but  the  next  morning  six  cases  of  undoubted  cholera  presented  themselves.  The  disease  rapidly  spread 
for  the  next  three  days.  About  one  hundred  and  twenty  persons  have  been  affected.  Under  a  late  Acftf  Congress, 
six  companies  of  rangers  are  to  be  raised,  and  marched  to  this  place.  Gen.  (Henry)  Dodge,  of  Michigan,*  is  ap- 
pointed major  of  the  battalion,  and  I  have  seen  the  names  of  the  captains,  but  I  do  not  know  where  to  address 
them.  I  am  afraid  the  report  from  this  place  in  respect  to  cholera  may  seriously  retard  the  raising  of  this  force.  I 
wish,  therefore,  that  your  Excellency  would  give  publicity  to  the  measures  I  have  adopted  to  prevent  the  spread  of 
this  disease,  and  of  my  determination  not  to  allow  any  junction  or  communication  between  uninfected  and  infected 
troops.  The  war  is  not  at  an  end,  and  may  not  be  brought  to  a  close  for  some  time.  The  rangers  may  reach  the 
theater  of  operations  in  time  for  the  final  blow.  As  they  approach  this  place  I  shall  take  care  of  their  health  and 
general  wants. 

I  write  in  great  haste,  and  may  not  have  time  to  cause  my  letter  to  be  copied.  It  will  be  put  in  some  post-office 
to  be  forthwith  forwarded. 

I  have  the  honor  to  be,  your  Excellency's  most  obedient  servant,  WINFIELD  SCOTT. 

His  Excellency,  Gov.  John  Reynolds. 

The  account  given  by  Mr.  Howe  was  probably  based  upon  unofficial  reports,  and 
consequently  exaggerated  to  some  extent.  At  that  time  the  cholera  was  a  new  disease 
in  America,  and  extravagant  accounts  of  its  ravages  were  likely  to  prevail.  In  either  re- 
port, Howe's  or  Scott's,  the  account  is  sorrowful  enough  in  all  conscience. 

When  General  Scott  left  Chicago,  he  marched  across  the  country  in  the  direction  of 
Fort  Armstrong,  but,  in  consequence  of  the  dela}'  occasioned  by  the  disease  which 
preyed  so  heavily  among  his  troops,  he  did  not  reach  the  theater  of  Indian  conflict  in 
time  to  direct  the  movement  of  the  camjjaign.  Besides,  the  cholera  still  lingered  among 
the  men  of  his  command,  and  his  course  from  Chicago  was  marked  by  uncoffined  graves. 
After  the  countr}^  began  to  settle  up  and  the  land  to  be  cultivated,  the  bones  of  many  a 
poor  fellow  were  uncovered  by  the  plow.  Some  of  them  were  reburied  and  some  of  them 
were  cremated. 

Under  Governor  Reynolds'  call  for  a  new  levy  of  two  thousand  men,  Beardstown  and 
Heniiej)in  were  designated  as  points  of  rendezvous.  Volunteers  from  the  southern  part 
of  tlie  State  were  to  report  at  Beardstown  on  the  3d,  and  from  the  central  part  at  Hen- 
nepin on  the  10th  of  June.  The  time  was  short,  but  messengers  were  sent  into  all  the 
settled  portions  of  the  State  to  convey  intelligence  of  the  requisition  and  hasten  the  fill- 
ing of  the  call.  Under  the  first  call  the  term  of  enlistment  was  not  defined,  and  the  men 
maintained  they  had  a  right  to  return  home  at  any  time,  and  they  began  to  clamor  for  a 
discharge.  They  urged  that  they  had  enlisted  on  short  notice,  that  they  had  not  liad 
time  to  provide  food  or  clothes  for  their  families,  and  that  thej^  must  suffer  if  the  cam- 
paign was  protracted.  The  governor  appealed  to  their  patriotism,  and  they  consented  to 
remain  twelve  or  fifteen  days  longer.  Pending  these  conditions  General  Atkinson  ar- 
rived at  Dixon  with  provisions,  encamped  on  the  right  hand  bank  of  the  river,  and  threw 
up  breastworks  for  the  protection  of  the  stores.     The  companies  of  Bailey  and  Stillman 

♦Michigan  then  included  Wisconsin,  Iowa  and  Minnesota.  Wisconsin  Territory  was  organized  under  an  Act  of 
Congress  approved  April  20,  1S36,  and  President  Jackson  appointed  Henry  Dodge,  then  living  in  Missouri,  Gover- 
nor of  the  new  dependency.  After  Wisconsin  became  a  State,  he  was  chosen  one  of  the  United  States  Senators.  He 
was  born  at  Vincennes,  Indiana,  and  emigrated  to  Missouri  when  quite  young.  He  was  the  father  of  Hon.  A.  C. 
Dodge,  of  Burlington,  Iowa. 


134  CENEHAL   HISTOHY   OF   ILLINOIS. 

were  organized  as  a  brigade  and  placed  under  command  of  Col.  Johnson,  and  received 
into  the  service  of  the  United  States.  A  iiart  of  this  brigade  was  sent  to  the  defense  of 
Ottawa,  and  the  other  part  remained  at  Dixon  to  guard  the  stores. 

INDIAN  CREEK  MASSACRE. 

The  fatal  act  of  Stillman's  men  precipitated  all  the  horrors  of  Indian  border  warfare 
upon  the  white  settlements  in  Jo  Daviess  county,  as  it  then  existed  (including  Ogle, 
Stephenson,  Carroll,  Whiteside,  Winnebago,  Lee  and  other  nortiiern  counties  as  now  or- 
ganized), and  in  tlie  adjoining  portions  of  Michigan  Territory.  Nor  is  it  certain  tliat  all 
tlie  outrages  were  perpetrated  l)j'  tlie  "  British  Band."  Young  Pottawatomies  and  Win- 
neba,'oes  joined  Black  Hawk,  and  after  tlie  war  suddenly  closed  at  Bad  Axe,  it  was  as- 
certained that  many  of  the  murders  had  been  committed  by  these  Indians.  Among  the 
first  results  of  **  Stillman's  defeat ""  was  the  descent  of  about  seventy  Indians  upon  an 
unprotected  settlement  at  Indian  creek  (LaSalle  county)  where  tliey  ma.«sacreed  fifteen 
men,  women  and  children  of  tlie  families  of  Hall,  Davis  and  Pettigrew,  and  captured  two 
young  women,  Sylvia  and  Raciiel  Hall.  These  girls,  seventeen  and  fifteen  years  old,  re- 
spectively, were  afterwards  brought  in  l)y  Wiiniebagoes  to  Gratiot  Grove,  and  were  ran- 
somed b}'  Major  Henry  Giatiot,  for  two  tiiousand  dollars  in  horses,  wampum  and  trinkets, 
and  taken  to  Galena. 

May  15,  1832,  Capt.  James  W.  Stephenson  arrived  at  Galena  with  the  startling  in- 
telligence of  Stillman's  disastrous  defeat  and  the  commencement  of  bloody  hostilities  by 
the  Indians,  creating  intense  excitement  among  the  people.  The  ringing  notes  of  the 
bugle  called  the  settlers  and  miners  together  on  the  old  race  course  on  the  bottom  near 
the  river,  near  the  foot  of  Washington  street.  Galena,  and  a  company  of  mounted 
rangers  was  organized,  with  James  W.  Stephenson  for  captain.  At  o  o'clock  on  the 
morning  of  Saturdaj-,  May  19.  Sergeant  Fred  Stalil  (now  a  respected  citizen  of  Galena) 
and  privates  William  Durley,  Vincent  Smith,  Redding  Bennett,  and  James  Smith,  started 
to  bear  dispatches  to  Gen.  Atkinson  at  Dixon's  Ferry,  with  John  D.  Winters,  the  mail 
contractor,  for  guide,  but  on  Sunday,  •20th,  Sergeant  Stahl  returned  and  added  to  tiie 
alarm  of  the  people  i)y  reporting  that  his  party  had  been  anibu.><caded  by  tlie  Indians  just 
on  the  edge  of  Buffalo  Grove,  now  in  Ogle  county,  fifty  miles  from  (ialeiia,  about  5 
o'clock  p.  M.  Saturday  afternoon,  and  that  Durley  was  instantly  killed  and  left  on  the 
spot.  Stahl  received  a  bullet  through  his  coat  collar,  and  James  Smith  afterwards  found 
a  bullet  hole  in  his  hat  and  became  intensely  frightened.  After  the  war,  the  leader  of 
the  Indians  told  Dixon  that  he  could  have  killed  the  young  fellow  (Stahl)  as  well  as  not, 
but  he  had  a  fine  horse,  and  in  trying  to  shoot  him  without  injuring  the  animal,  he  shot 
too  high,  as  .Stahl  suddenly  stooped  at  the  same  time. 

HUNTING  THE  INDIANS. 

May  19,  the  entire  army,  including  volunteers  and  regulars,  under  command  of 
General  Atkinson,  started  up  the  river  in  pursuit  of  the  enemy.  In  the  afternoon 
news  was  brought  of  the  Indian  Creek  massacre  in  LaSalle  county,  when  (ieneral  .\t- 
kinson  ordered  (ieneral  Whiteside  and  Colonel  Zachary  Taylor  to  continue  the  pursuit 
with  the  volunteers,  while  he  fell  back  to  Dixon.  After  several  days'  march  the  trail  of 
Black  Hawk  was  struck,  which  led  the  army  to  a  village  of  the  Pottawatomies  on  Syca- 
more creek,  where  several  relics  of  the  Stillman  disaster  and  of  the  Indian  Cret'k  mas- 
sacre were  found,  l»ut  the  Imlians  iiad  lied.  Trails  led  o'.it  from  the  village  in  different 
directions,  intended,  no  doubt,  to  uonfusethe  pursuing  forcesand  throw  them  off  the  right 
trail.  The  army  remained  here  a  short  time,  during  which  the  volunteers  became  so  dis- 
satisfied with  the  commanding  general  and  from  other  causes,  that  it  was  determined  to 
abandon  the  cha.se.  The  principal  trail  of  the  Indians,  when  found,  led  north  and  the 
route  of  the  volunteers  homeward  led  south.     Colonel  Taylor  anil  Major   Harney,  of  the 


I 

i 


GENERAL   FIISTORY   OF   ILLINOIS.  135 

regular  army,  urged  the  volunteers  to  remain  until  the  Indians  could  be  overtaken  and 
chastised,  but  they  were  averse  to  remaining  longer  awaj^  from  their  homes  and  their 
business.  General  Whiteside  was  opposed  to  continuing  the  pursuit,  but  agreed  to  be 
governed  by  a  majority  of  the  officers,  and  the  question  being  submitted  to  a  vote,  one- 
half  voted  to  continue  the  pursuit,  and  the  other  half  in  favor  of  returning  home. 
Governor  Reynolds,  seeing  the  demoralized  condition  of  the  volunteers,  caused  a  part  of 
them  to  be  marched  to  Ottawa,  where  they  were  discharged  on  the  27th  and  28th  of 
May.     Captain  Eads'  Peoria  company  was  mustered  out  at  Peoria. 

ANECDOTE  OF  OLD  ROUGH  AND  KEADY. 

It  has  been  related  that  pending  these  troubles  with  the  militia,  many  of  them  be- 
lieved Rock  river  was  the  northwestern  boundary  of  Illinois,  and  declared  they  would 
not  go  beyond  that  river  under  any  circumstances.  They  were  militia,  they  said,  had 
been  called  out  for  the  defense  of  the  State,  and  it  was  unconstitutional  to  order  them  to 
march  beyond  its  frontier  and  into  the  Indian  Territory.  Taylor,  as  soon  as  he  was 
informed  of  the  condition  of  affairs,  halted  tlie  command  and  went  into  camp  within  the 
acknowledged  boundaries  of  Illinois.  He  could  not,  he  declared,  budge  another  inch 
without  further  orders.  Black  Hawk  and  his  forces  had  been  driven  out  of  the  State, 
but  the  question  of  crossing  Rock  river  seemed  to  trouble  him,  as  to  obedience  to  the 
constitution  on  the  one  side  and  military  expediency  on  the  other.  During  the  night, 
however,  orders  were  received  from  General  Atkinson  to  follow  Black  Hawk  to  tlie  last. 
The  quiet  demeanor  of  Colonel  Taylor  meanwhile  had  rather  encouraged  the  mutinous 
spirits  to  carry  out  tlieir  purposes.  A  meeting  was  called,  and  Colonel  Taylor  was 
invited  to  attend.  He  listened  some  time  with  quiet  attention  to  the  proceedings,  but  at 
last  concluded  tluit  it  was  about  time  for  him  to  be  heard,  and  he  addressed  the  meeting 
something  after  this  manner:  He  had,  he  said,  listened  witli  mucli  interest  and  pleasure 
to  the  views  expressed  by  some  of  the  speakers  as  to  the  independence  and  dignity  of 
each  individual  American  citizen.  He  felt  that  all  the  gentlemen  present  were  his 
equals,  and  was  persuaded  that  it  would  not  be  many  years  until  they  would  be  his 
superiors  ;  that  perhaps  some  of  them  would  be  members  of  Congress  and  arbiters  of  the 
fortunes  and  reputations  of  humble  servants  to  tlie  Republic,  like  himself.  He  expected 
then  to  obey  tiiem  as  interpreters  of  the  will  of  the  people,  and  that  the  best  proof  lie 
could  give  that  he  would  obey  them,  was  now  to  observe  the  orders  of  those  whom  the 
people  had  already  put  in  places  of  authority,  to  which  many  gentlemen  around  him 
justly  aspired.  In  plain  English,  gentlemen  and  fellow  citizens,  tlie  word  has  been  passed 
to  me  from  Washington  to  follow  Black  Hawk,  and  to  take  you  with  me  as  soldiers.  I 
intend  to  do  both.  There  are  the  Hat  boats  drawn  up  on  the  shore,  and  here  are  Uncle 
Sam's  men  drawn  up  behind  you  on  the  prairie.  It  is  needless  to  add  that  the  militia 
crossed  Rock  river,  and  followed  Black  Hawk  until  they  were  honorably  discharged. 


THIRD  CAMPAIGN. 


SKIRMISHING. 


When  the  first  levy  of  State  troops  was  mustered  out  at  Ottawa  and  Peoria,  General 
Atkinson  called  on  Governor  Reynolds  for  one  thousand  additional  men  to  co-operate 
with  the  previous  requisition  of  two  thousand,  and  one  thousand  more  to  guard  the 
frontier.  In  consequence  of  danger  to  the  exposed  settlements  an  appeal  was  made  to 
the    disbanded  volunteers,  and  a  regiment  was  raised  among  them  to  serve  until  the 


136  GENERAL   HISTORY  OF   ILLINOIS. 

new  levies  could  be  made  available.  Jacob  Fry  was  chosen  Colonel  and  James  D.  Henry 
Lieutenant-Colonel,  after  which  the  different  companies  composing  the  regiment  were 
dispatched  to  the  most  exposed  localities.  After  doing  duty  until  the  new  levy  of  troops 
arrived,  this  regiment  was  mustered  out  at  Dixon  on  the  19th  of  June  by  Colonel  Taylor. 
During  their  term  of  service,  one  of  the  companies  under  command  of  Captain  Snyder 
had  some  severe  skirmishing  with  a  party  of  seventy  Indians  in  the  vicinity  of  Kellogg's 
Grove,  in  which  four  of  the  Indians  and  two  or  three  of  the  whites  were  killed.  Before 
the  new  levies  could  be  organized  and  made  available,  a  number  of  murders  were  com- 
mitted in  different  parts  of  the  country. 

The  Galenian  of  May  23, 1832,  said  :  "  The  tomahawk  and  scalping-knife  have  again 
been  drawn  on  our  frontier.  Blood  of  our  best  citizens  has  been  spilt  in  great  profusion 
within  the  borders  of  Illinois.     *     *     The  Indians  must  be  exterminated  or  sent  off." 

The  miners  and  settlers  flocked  to  central  points,  organized  themselves  into  compa- 
nies, and  built  stockades  and  block-houses,  so  that  within  a  week  after  they  received  the 
news  of  the  Stillmans  run  affair,  they  were  able  to  resist  any  ordinary  attacking  force. 

Depredations  by  straggling  Indians  were  of  almost  daily  occurrence.  On  tiie  '21st  a 
Mr.  Goss  was  fired  on  near  the  mouth  of  Plum  river,  and  sundry  other  affairs  of  tlie  same 
kind  were  reported  from  other  parts  of  the  country.  The  most  of  these  assaults  occurred 
in  Jo  Daviess  county  and  east  of  the  Rock  river,  although  some  of  them  were  confined  to 
the  couiitr}'  along  the  Mississippi. 

May  23,  Felix  St.  Vrain,  agent  for  the  Sacs  and  Foxes,  bearer  of  dispatches,  left 
General  Atkinson's  headquarters,  on  Rock  river,  accompanied  by  John  Fowler,  Thomas 
Kenney,  William  Hale,  Aquilla  Floyd,  Aaron  llawley.  and  Alexander  Higginbotham. 
At  Buffalo  Grove  they  found  tlie  body  of  tiie  lamented  Durley,  and  buried  it  a  rod  from 
the  spot  where  they  found  it.  The  next  day  (24th)  they  were  attacked  by  a  large  part}- 
of  thirty  Indians  near  Kellogg's  old  place.  St.  Vrain,  Fowler,  Hale  and  llawley  were 
killed.     The  otlier  tliree  escaped,  and  arrived  at  Galena  on  the  morning  of  tiie  26th. 

The  Indians  were  watchful  of  every  movement  of  the  wiiite  troops,  and  took  every 
possible  advantage  offered.  Between  tiie  time  tiie  first  volunteei"s  were  mustered  out, 
on  the  2Tlh  and  28tli  of  May,  and  the  mustering  in  and  organization  of  tlie  new  levies 
on  the  lotli  of  June,  they  grew  bolder  and  more  daring.  Numerous  murders  were  com- 
mitted, and  the  only  protection  tiie  people  had  was  tlieir  own  brave  hearts  and  strong 
arms.  The  atrocities  perpetrated  liy  the  Indians  upon  the  bodies  of  their  victims, 
aroused  tlie  vengeiice  of  the  settlers  and  miners,  many  of  wliom  had  previously  felt  tiiat 
the  Indians  were  not  so  niucli  in  fault,  and   had   been  nee<ilessly  provoked   to  bloodshed. 

June  8,  Captain  Stephenson's  company  of  mounted  rangers  found  the  bodies  of  St. 
Vrain,  Hale,  Fowler  and  llawley,  four  miles  south  of  Kellogg's  Grove,  and  liurieil  tlicin. 

Colonel  William  S.  IlamiUon  arrived  in  Galena  with  two  hundred  and  thirty  Indians, 
mostly  Sioux,  with  some  Meiioniinees  and  Winnebagoes,  on  the  8tli.  Tliese  Indians  left 
Galeiiaon  tlie  lOtli.  to  join  fJuneral  Atkinson  at  Dixon's  Ferry,  all  anxious  to  obtain  Sac 
scalps.     Black  Hawk's  band  was  reported  moving  slowly  northward. 

On  the  night  of  June  Stli,  the  Indians  stole  fourteen  liorses  just  outside  tiie  stockade 
on  Apple  river  (Elizabetii),  and  on  tlie  niglit  of  the  17th,  ten  more  were  stolen.  The 
next  morning  Capt.  J.  W.  Stei)heiisoii,  with  twelve  of  his  men  and  nine  from  Apple 
River  Fort,  started  on  the  trail  of  tlie  red  thieves, and  overtook  them  about  twelve  miles 
east  of  Kelhjgg's  Grove,  southeast  of  Waildam's  (irove,  and  pursued  tlieni  several  miles, 
until  a  little  northeast  of  Waddarn's  (in  Stephenson  county),  the  Indians  (seven  in  num- 
ber, says  Captain  (iieen),  took  refuge  in  a  dense  tliicket,  and  awaitetl  the  attack.  Steph- 
enson dismounted  his  men,  and,  detailing  a  guard  for  the  horses,  led  liis  men  in  a  gallant 
cliarge  upon  the  concealed  foe,  received  their  fire  and  returned  it,  returning  to  the  open 
prairie  to  load.  Three  times  the  brave  boys  charged  upon  this  fatal  thicket,  losing  a  man 
each  time.     Only  one  Indian  wa.'>  known  to  be  killed.     He    was   bayonettcd  by  Private 


{ 


I 


GENERAF,   niSTORY   OP  TTJ.INOIS.  137 

Hood,  and  stabbed  in  the  neck  bj-  Thomas  Sublett.  This  Indian  was  scalped  several 
times,  and  a  piece  of  his  scalp  lock  in  1878  was  in  the  possession  of  Wm.  H.  Snyder,  Esq., 
of  Galena.  The  three  men  killed  were  Stephen  P.  Howard,  George  Eames  and  Michael 
Lovell.  Stephenson  himself  was  wounded.  After  the  third  charge,  Stephenson  retreated, 
leaving  his  dead  where  they  fell,  and  returned  to  Galena,  arriving  on  the  19th.  Of  this 
desperate  battle.  Gov.  Ford  says :  "  This  attack  of  Capt.  Stephenson  was  unsuccessful, 
and  may  have  been  imprudent ;  but  it  equalled  any  thing  in  modei'n  warfare  in  daring 
and  desperate  courage." 

On  the  evening  of  June  14,  five  men,  at  work  in  a  corn-field  at  Spafford's  farm,  five 
miles  below  Fort  Hamilton,  on  Spafford's  creek,  and  on  the  morning  of  the  16th,  Henry 
Apple,  a  German,  were  killed  within  a  half  a  mile  of  the  fort.  Gen.  Dodge,  with  twenty- 
nine  men,  at  once  pursued  the  Indians  about  three  miles,  when  they  were  discovered, 
eleven  in  number,  in  open  ground,  but  were  not  overtaken  until  they  crossed  the  East 
Pick  -  e  -  ton  -  e  -  ka,  and  entered  an  almost  impenetrable  swamp,  at  Horse  Shoe  Bend.  At 
the  edge  of  the  swamp,  Dodge  ordered  his  men  to  dismount,  and  link  horses.  Four  men 
were  left  in  charge  of  the  horses,  four  were  posted  around  the  swamp  to  prevent  the 
escape  of  the  savages,  and  the  remainder,  twenty-one  in  number,  advanced  into  the 
swamp  about  half  a  mile,  where  they  received  the  fire  of  the  Indians,  and  three  men  fell 
severely  wounded.  Gen.  Dodge  instantly  ordered  a  charge.  The  Indians  were  found 
lying  under  the  bank  of  a  slough,  and  were  not  seen  until  the  soldiers  were  within  six  or 
eight  feet  of  them,  when  they  fired.  The  whole  hostile  party  were  killed  and  scalped  in 
one  or  two  minutes,  except  one  who  swam  the  slough  in  an  attempt  to  escaj)e,  and  was 
shot  down  on  the  opposite  bank.  In  this  battle  F.  M.  Morris  and  Samuel  Wells  were 
mortally,  and  Samuel  Black  and  Thomas  Jenkins  severely,  wounded.  This  was  the  first 
victory  achieved  over  the  murderous  Sacs,  and  occasioned  great  rejoicing  in  the  settle- 
ments. 

June  17th,  Captain  Adam  W.  Snyder,  of  Colonel  Fry's  regiment,  sent  to  scout  the 
country  between  Rock  river  and  Galena,  while  encamped  near  Burr  Oak  Grove,  in  what 
is  now  the  township  of  Erin,  Stephenson  county,  was  fired  upon  by  four  Indians.  He 
pursued  and  killed  them,  losing  one  man  mortally  wounded.  Returning,  he  was  attacked 
by  seventy  Indians,  both  parties  taking  positions  behind  trees.  General  Whiteside,  then 
a  private,  shot  the  leader  of  the  band  and  they  retreated,  but  were  not  pursued.  Snyder 
lost  two  men  killed  and  one  wounded. 

On  the  20th,  Stephenson's  and  Craig's  companies,  under  command  of  Col.  Strode, 
went  to  Waddam's  Grove  to  bury  the  remains  of  Howard,  Eames  and  Lovell,  which  they 
did,  but  left  the  dead  Indian  above  ground.  On  their  return  they  heard  some  suspicious 
sounds,  but  pushed  on  in  the  night  to  Imus's  (in  Rush  township)  and  returned  to  Galena 
in  safety.  Afterwards,  says  Capt.  Green,  who  was  with  Stephenson's  company,  we 
learned  that  "  a  large  party  of  Sacs  were  within  a  half-hour's  march  of  us,  when  we  left 
the  graves  of  our  dead  comrades." 

This  party,  which  numbered  about  150,  had  left  the  main  body  of  Sacs  on  Rock 
river,  and,  after  following  Strode's  command,  were,  undoubtedly,  the  same  who  made  a 
furious  attack  on  the  stockade  at  Apple  river,  on  the  night  of  the  24th,  under  the  follow- 
ing circumstances:  F.  Dixon,  Edmund  Welsh,  G.  W.  Herclerode  and  Jas.  L.  Kirkpatriek 
started  to  carry  dispatches  to  Gen.  Atkinson.  They  had  passed  Apple  River  Fort  when 
they  were  fired  upon  by  Indians,  and  Welsli  was  badly  wounded.  His  companions  told 
him  to  retreat  to  the  fort,  and  to  give  him  time,  turned  upon  the  foe  and  raised  a  yell. 
This  temporarily  checked  them  ;  Welsh  reached  the  fort  and  gave  the  alarm.  Their 
strategem  succeeded  ;  Dixon  dashed  through  the  savages,  and  escaped  to  Galena.  Kirk- 
patriek and  Herclerode  gained  the  fort ;  the  gates  were  shut,  and  for  three-quarters  of  an 
hour  the  battle  raged  with  fury.  The  women  and  girls  molded  Inillets,  made  cartridges 
and  loaded  the  guns.     Herclerode  was  killed  while  taking  deliberate  aim  at  an   Indian 


138  OENERAL   HISTOKY   OF   ILLINOIS. 

over  the  tup  of  the  pickets.  The  number  of  Indians  killed  was  never  known,  but  they 
were  supposed  to  have  lost  several.  They  finally  withdrew,  after  stealing  a  large  number 
of  cattle,  and  destroying  considerable  property. 

June  2oth,  a  detacliment  of  General  Posey's  brigade,  commanded  bj'  Major  John 
Dement,  and  encamped  at  Kellogg's  Grove,  or  Burr  Oak  Grove,  as  it  was  then  called, 
was  attacked  by  a  large  party  of  Indians,  and  a  sharp  skirmish  ensued.  Major  Dement 
lost  five  men  and  about  twenty  horses  killed.  The  Indians  left  nine  of  their  number 
stretched  upon  the  field.  General  Posey,  then  encamped  at  Buffalo  Grove,  hastened  to 
the  relief  of  Dement,  but  the  Indians  had  retreated  two  hours  before  he  arrived.  He  re- 
turned to  Kellogg's  Grove  to  await  the  arrival  of  his  baggage  wagons,  and  then  marched 
to  Fort  Hamilton,  Michigan  Territory. 

On  the  30th  of  June,  three  men  at  work  in  a  corn-field  at  Sinsinawa  Mound,  more 
generally  known  as  Jones'  Mound,  ten  miles  from  Galena,  were  attacked  by  a  small  part}' 
of  Indians,  and  two  of  them,  James  Boxley  and  John  Thompson,  were  killed.  Major 
Ste[  henson,  with  thirty  men,  started  immediately  on  receipt  of  the  news  to  bury  the 
murdered  men  and  pursue  the  murderers.  The  bodies  were  shockinglj'  mangled  and 
both  scalped,  and  Thompson's  heart  cut  out.  The  Indians  were  followed  to  the  residence 
of  Mr.  Jordon,  on  the  Mississippi,  where  they  had  stolen  a  canoe  and  crossed  the  river. 
These  Indians  could  hardly  have  been  auy  of  Black  Hawk's  band,  unless  they  had 
deserted  and  were  making  their  way  back  to  the  west  side  of  the  Mississippi. 

It  has  always  been  admitted  Ijy  those  who  were  familiar  with  the  facts,  that  the 
Stillman's  run  affair  precipitated  the  war  and  led  to  the  several  murders  and  outrages 
herein  quoted.  But  it  never  was  believed  that  all  these  atrocities  were  committed  by 
Black  Hawk's  band,  or  with  his  knowledge  or  approval,  it  is  certain  that  a  large 
number  of  young  VVinnebagoes,  Pottawatomies,  and  straggling  representatives  of  other 
tribes  took  advantage  of  the  condition  of  affairs  and  hung  on  the  outskirts  of  his  forces, 
just  as  the  bummers  hovered  in  the  shadow  of  Sherman's  army,  when  he  was  marching 
"  To  the  Sea."  When  the  war  closed  at  Bad  Axe,  it  was  learned  beyond  question,  that 
nearly  all  the  murders  had  been  committed  by  these  stragglers. 

The  alarm  continued  and  the  excitement  increased,  and  on  the  30th  of  June,  all  the 
inhal)itants  along  the  Mississippi  river,  from  tiie  present  site  of  Savannah  and  north  of 
Galena  to  Cassville,  Wisconsin,  either  went  to  Galena  or  some  of  the  other  stockades  for 
safety,  and  it  was  not  considered  safe  to  go  the  shortest  distance  outside  of  the  forts. 

Captain  George  W.  Harrison,  in  command  of  Fort  Hamilton  on  the  Pick-a-ton-e-ka, 
thirty  miles  from  Galena,  after  vainlj'  endeavoring  to  get  a  cannon,  went  to  Colonel 
Hamilton's  furnace  and  cast  several  lead  pieces,  intended  for  two-pounders,  which  were 
properly  mounted  at  the  stockade,  <and  answered  every  purpose. 

The  new  levy  of  troops  arrived  at  Dixon  on  the  l;Jth  of  June,  and  were  organized 
in  three  brigades.  General  Alexander  Posey  was  assigned  to  the  command  of  the  first ; 
General  Milton  R.  Alexander  to  the  second,  and  General  James  D.  Henry  to  the  third. 
General  Whiteside  having  enlisted  as  a  private  under  tlie  call   for  the  new  levy. 

While  the  whirligig  of  time  was  recc)rding  the  events  here  narrated.  Black  Hawk's 
forces  kept  on  their  march  up  Rock  river,  with  the  intention,  it  was  believed,  of  return- 
ing to  the  west  side  of  the  Mississippi,  as  the  forces  of  General  Atkinson  below  i>reventcd 
their  return  i)y  the  way  the}-  came,  and,  as  they  doubtless  believed  after  the  affray  with 
Stillman,  no  flag  of  truce  or  projiosals  for  peace,  would  be  received  by  the  whites.  But 
while  Black  Hawk  W!is  proceeding  northward,  various  signs  of  straggling  Indians  were 
discovered  along  the  Mississippi  river.  Julj'  0,  LieutenaTit  Orrin  Smith  was  sent,  with 
twenty  men.  to  Jordon's  farm,  opposite  Dubuque  mines,  to  scour  the  country  there.  On 
the  ittli,  Indians  were  in  the  vicinity  of  Rountree's  Fort  (^Platt^ville),  where  they  held  a 
war  dance  around  the  scalp  of  a  woman.     On  the    10th,  the  Galenian  said  :     "  To-day 


GENERAL   HISTOUV   OF   TLLTNOIS.  igC) 

we  learn  that  the  trail  of  the  Indians  shows  that  they  must  have  come  from  the  west  of 
the  Mississippi,  in  a  direction  from  Dnbuque  mines." 

July  14,  after  the  final  march  against  the  Indians  was-  commenced,  Governor  Rey- 
nolds, Colonel  Fields  (Secretary  of  State),  Judges  Smith  and  Brownf  Colonels  Hickman, 
Grant,  Bresse  and  Gate  wood,  Captain  Jeffreys  and.  others,  arrived  at  Galena  from  the 
army.  These  geiitlemen  reported  that  the  Indians  were  entirely  destitute  of  provisions, 
and  were  endeavoring  to  reach  and  re-cross  the  Mississippi. 

July  15,  an  express  arrived  at  Galena,  stating  that  Captain  Harney,  of  the  U.  S.  A., 
had  found  and  pursued  the  trail  of  the  Indians  for  thirty  miles,  passing  four  of  their 
encampments  in  that  distance,  and  that  lie  found  many  signs  of  their  want  of  pi'ovisions, 
"such  as  where  they  had  butchered  horses,  dug  for  roots,  and  scraped  the  trees  for 
bark,"  and  it  became  evident  that  the  military  had  concluded  that  Black  Hawk  was 
doing  his  best  to  escape  to  the  west  side  of  the  Mississippi.  Orders  were  sent  to  troops 
stationed  on  the  banks  of  that  river  "  to  prevent  or  delay  the  Indians  from  crossing  until 
the  brigade  sent  by  General  Atkinson  could  come  up  witli  them."  Indian  outrages  had 
now  nearly  ceased  in  Jo  Daviess  county,  and  a  brief  sketch  of  the  movements  of  the 
troops  from  Dixon's  Ferry  to  Bad  Axe  will  close  this  part  of  the  history. 

STRIKING   THE   TRAIL.  ■  •  * 

About  the  25th  of  June  every  thing  being  in  readiness,  General  Atkinson  com- 
menced his  slow  and  cautious  marcla  up  Rock  river,  an4  finally  reached  Lake  Koshko- 
nong,  where  he  was  joined  by  General  Alexander,  wlien  the  march  was  continued  to 
White  river,  or  Whitewater,  where  they  were  joined  by  Posey's  brigade  and  the  Galena 
battalion  under  Major  Dodge.  From  there  General  Alexander,  Gen.  Henr}'  and  Major 
Dodge  were  sent  to  Fort  Winnebago  for  supplies.  Here  they  heard  that  Bhxck  Hawk 
was  making  his  waj^  toward  the  Wisconsin  river,  and,  disobeying  orders,  Henry  and 
Dodge  started  in  pursuit  (Gen.  Alexander  and  his  brigade  returning  to  Gen.  Atkinson), 
struck  the  broad,  fresh  trail  of  the  Indians  and  followed  them  with  tireless  enei<gy.  Ever 
and  anon  they  would  find  old  men,  women  and  children,  who  could  not  keep  up  and  had 
been  abandoned  t6  their  fate  by  the  'fleeing  Indians.  Some  of  them  were  killed.  One 
old  man  who  had  been  left  to  die  was  found  sitting  against  the  trunk  of  a  tree  and  was 
cowardly  shot  and  scalped  b}'  a  siwgeon,  who  afterwards  exhibited  the  scalp  as  a  trophy 
of  his  valor. 

THE   FIRST   BATTLE  —  WISCONSIN   HEIGHTS. 

On  the  afternoon  of  the  31st  day  of  July,  1832,  the,  pursuing  forces  arrived  at  the 
hills  that  skirt  the  left  bank  of  the  Wisconsin  river,  about  fifty  miles  above  its  mouth, 
near  the  present  village  of  Muscoda,  and  nearly  opposite  Sauk  Prairie,  where  they  came 
in  plain  sight  of  Black  Hawk's  entire  party,  including  women  and  children.  The  Indians 
were  in  the  bottom  lands,  hastening  to  remove  their  people'to  an  island  in  the  river,  to 
avoid  a  conflict  in  which  they  could  not  reasonably  expect  any  thing  but  extermination, 
but  to  cover  the  retreat,  it  was  necessary  for  Black  Hawk  to  make  as  bold  a  stand  as  pos- 
sible until  this  purpose  was  accomplished. 

The  scouts,  who  were  some  distance  in  advance  of- the  column  of  pursuers,  came 
suddenly  upon  some  Indians  as  they  were  descending  the  high  grounds,  by  whom  tliey 
were  instantl}'  attacked,  and  forced  to  fall  backon  the  main  body  of  t^  army  \Wiich  had 
already  been  formed  for  action.  Colonel  Dodge  occupied  the  front  and  received  the' first 
fire  of  the  enemy.  The  main  body,  under  General  Henry,  soon  joined  Dodge's  battalion, 
and  their  united  action  soon  obtained  a  comj^lete  victory  over  the  enemy.  The  loss  of 
the  whites  in  this  engagement  was  one  man  killed  and  eight  wounded.  The  Indian  toss 
was  estimated  at  about  sixty  killed  and  a  great  number  wounded.  The  first  Indian 
killed  was  one  who  was  discovered  with  a  pack  of  meat  on  his  back.     A  soldier  fired  at 


140  (SKXEKAL   HISTOKY   oF    ILLINOIS. 

him,  l)Ut  missed  liis  aim,  wlien  the  Imliaii  threw  down  his  gun  and  wa^  liayonetted  by  Sam- 
ples Journey  after  he  surrendered.     This  is  known  as  the  battle  of  Wisconsin   Heights. 

STRENGTH   OP  THE   INniANS. 

The  Indians  were  supposed  to  number  from  six  to  eight  hundred,  but  Colonel  Pat- 
tei-son,  of  Oquawka,  already  quoted,  is  authority  for  the  statement  that  Black  Hawk  told 
him  tliat  iiis  forces  at  no  time  exceeded  five  hundred  braves.  A  few  of  these  were  Win- 
nebagoes.  When  lie  started  up  Rock  river,  he  expected  that  his  army  would  be  rein- 
forced and  perhaps  doubled  by  WinneViagoes  and  Pottawatomies,  but  he  was  disappointed 
in  the  latter,  as  not  one  of  them  joined  him. 

"At  this  battle,"  says  Mr.  H.  S.  Townsend,  one  of  the  participants,  now  living  in 
Warren  township,  Jo  Daviess  county,  "  the  Indians  were  badly  whipped  by  our  troops 
and  worse  whipped  by  starvation.  Irregular  firing  continued  until  about  ten  o'clock  at 
night,  when  it  ceased,  and  the  men  bivouacked  for  rest  and  slept  on  their  arms." 

THE  TOMAHAWK  BURIED  —  PRAYER  FOR  PEACE. 

"About  daylight,  the  next  morning  after  the  battle,"  says  Captain  D.  S.  Harris,  of 
Galena,  then  lieutenant  in  Stephenson's  compan}',  "  the  camji  was  startled  by  the  clarion 
voice  of  tlie  Prophet  from  a  hill  nearly  a  mile  away.  At  fii-st  we  thought  it  was  an  alarm, 
but  soon  found  tliat  the  Prophet  wanted  peace.  Although  lie  was  so  far  distant  I  could 
hear  distinctly  every  word,  anil  I  understood  enough  to  know  that  he  did  not  want  to 
tight.  The  interpreter  reported  that  he  said  thej'  had  their  squaws  and  families  with 
them  and  were  starving — that  they  did  not  want  to  tight  any  more,  but  wanted  peace 
and  would  do  no  more  harm  if  they  could  lie  permitted  to  cross  the  Mississippi  in  peace.'  " 
Mr.  P.  J.  Pilcher,  now  of  Elizabeth,  Jo  Daviess  county,  wlio  was  also  there,  says  they 
were  awakened  by  the  shrill  voice  of  the  chief,  and  that  he  plainly  understood  :  ^'Xe- 
com,  P  f — el — 0  0-0 ;"  "  Friknds,  WE  FIGHT  NO  MORE."  Mr.  Pilcher  says  he  told 
Henry  what  the  Indian  said,  but  General  Henry  replied  "juiy  no  attention  to  any  thing 
they  say  or  do,  but  form  in  line  of  battle."  The  Winnebagoes  in  camp  also  informed  the 
officers  of  the  meaning  of  the  Prophet's  message,  and  "  early  in  the  morning,"  continued 
Mr.  Pilclier,  •'  they  went  with  us  to  the  spot  where  tlie  Indian  had  stood,  when  he  pro- 
claimed peace,  and  tliere  we  found  a  Tomahawk  hurled,'^  an  emphatic  declaration  that  so 
far  iis  Black  Hawk  and  his  band  were  concerned,  hontilitifn  were  ended.  No  attention 
was  paid  to  this  second  attempt  to  negotiate  peace.  It  has  been  said  that  the  oflSceis 
had  no  interpreter  and  did  not  know  what  the  Prophet  said  until  after  the  war 
closed.  'J'his  excuse  is  exploded  by  the  direct  and  emphatic  testimony  of  Captain  Har- 
ris an<l  Mr.  Pilcher,  that  it  was  declared  the  starved  and  dying  Indians  must  be 
exterminated. 

The  night  after  the  battle  of  Wisconsin  Heights,  Black  Hawk  made  his  escape  dnwn 
the  river  in  tlie  direction  of  Iowa  with  his  forces  and  peoi)le,  and  not  an  Indian  remained 
on  the  south  side  of  the  Wisconsin.  General  Atkinson  came  up  with  his  command. 
General  Henry  was  ordered  l)ack  fur  sup|)lies,  and  a  courier  was  disjiatclieil  to  Fort 
Crawford  (  Praiiie  du  Cliien. )  witli  instructions  to  the  commandant  tiiere  to  intercept  the 
Indians  in  their  passage  down  tiie  Wisconsin  river.  In  carrying  out  these  instructions, 
that  officer  captuied  several  canoes  with  women  and  diildren,  but  the  warriors  evadeil 
interception  by  nnirching  on  foot  along  the  bank  of  the  river  and  under  tlie  bluffs. 

Tiie  line  of  pui-suii  was  taken  up  on  the  morning  of  the  first  day  of  August,  by 
General  Atkinson  and  ('olonel  Dodge,  who  crossed  their  respective  divisions  to  tlie  north 
Bi<le  of  liie  Wisconsin,  where  they  struck  the  trail  tif  the  retreating  Indians,  and  fol- 
lowed it  until  night  fall,  wiieii  tiiey  went  into  cami>.  The  great  number  of  dead  bodies 
and  newly  made  Indian  graves  which  they  found,  told  too  plainly  the  losses  and  sufferings 
Hiistained  by  Black  Hawk's  people. 


\ 


GENERAL  HISTOin'  OF   ir.r>IX()IS.  141 

A  steamboat  had  been  dispatched  from  Fort  Crawford  by  Colonel  Loomis  as  far  as 
Black  river,  where  a  number  of  canoes  were  seized  which  had  been  provided,  as  was  be- 
lieved, b}'  the  Winnebagoes  to  aid  Black  Hawk  in  his  contemplated  retreat  across  the 
Mississippi.  The  boat  returned  to  the  fort  on  the  evening  of  the  first  day  of  August, 
and  on  the  morning  of  the  second,  a  more  serviceable  one  was  sent  up,  and  arrived  at 
the  mouth  of  the  Bad  Axe  before  the  battle  commenced,  and  in  time  to  participate  in  the 
last  armed  conflict  of  the  Black  Hawk  war. 

BATTLE   AT  BAD  AXE. 

About  two  o'clock  on  the  morning  of  the  second  day  of  August,  1832,  the  forces 
under  command  of  Atkinson  and  Dodge,  broke  camp  and  renewed  the  pursuit.  Colonel 
Dodge's  command,  supported  by  the  regular  troops  under  Colonel  Zachary  Taylor,  form- 
ing the  advance.  About  sunrise,  Captain  Dickson,  who  commanded  the  scouts,  reported 
that  he  was  up  with  the  Indians,  and  asked  for  orders.  Colonel  Dodge  directed  him  to 
attack  them  at  once,  and  at  the  same  time  moved  rapidly  forward  with  his  own  command, 
supported  by  the  regulars.  The  Indians  were  attacked  in  front  by  fire  from  the  steam- 
boat, on  all  sides  and  in  the  rear,  by  a  determined  foe.  The  battle  lasted  about  two 
hours,  and  was  a  complete  rout  and  slaughter  of  the  Indians,  and  ended  the  career  of 
Black  Hawk  as  a  warrior  chieftain. 

AETER  THE  BATTLE  —  SCENES  AND  INCIDENTS 

It  is  stated  as  a  fact,  by  men  who  were  present,  and  whose  statements,  from  their 
high  standing  for  truth  and  honor  are  of  unquestioned  veracity,  that  when  the  Indians 
were  swimming  the  river,  the  steamboat  was  run  among  them,  drowning  the  starved, 
fleeing  creatures  by  scores.  If  this  statement  is  true,  and  there  can  be  no  doubt,  it  does 
not  reflect  any  credit  upon  the  civilization  and  Christianity  of  that  day. 

Indian  men  and  women  plunged  into  the  Mississippi  and  sought  to  reach  the  Iowa 
shore  by  swimming,  some  of  them  mounted  on  their  ponies,  but  mostly  without.  Many 
of  them  were  drowned  in  the  attempt,  while  many  of  those  who  succeeded  in  reaching 
the  western  shore  were  pursued  and  killed  by  a  body  of  Sioux  Indians  who  were  on  that 
side  of  the  river.  It  is  related  that  a  Sac  woman  named  Ne-wa-se,  the  sister  of  a  distin- 
guished chief,  succeeded  in  escaping  from  the  battle  field  in  the  thickest  of  the  fight  and 
in  reaching  the  bank  of  the  Mississipi^i  with  her  babe.  As  she  reached  the  water's  edge, 
an  Indian  man  mounted  on  a  pony,  was  about  to  plunge  in  to  swim  across.  Quick  as 
thought  Ne-wa-se  wrapped  her  child  in  her  blanket,  grasped  its  folds  in  her  teeth,  and 
then,  catching  the  pony's  tail  with  her  hands,  was  carried  safel}'  across.  Other  mothers, 
with  their  children  fastened  ujion  their  backs,  plunged  in  and  swam  safely  across,  but 
more  of  them  who  attempted  this  means  of  escape  went  down  beneath  the  waves. 

The  battle  of  Bad  Axe  terminated  the  war,  and  now  after  nearly  half  a  century  has 
passed  since  the  occurrence  of  the  stirring  events  narrated,  and  the  Indians  have  disap- 
peared before  the  westward  advance  of  civilization,  it  is  but  just  that  the  truth  should  be 
recorded.  Passion  and  prejudice  have  passed  awa3%  and  it  must  be  admitted  that  when 
the  tomahawk  and  scalping  knife  were  drawn  in  1832,  it  was  only  after  the  whites  had 
commenced  the  carnival  of  blood  by  disregarding  the  flag  of  truce  and  murdering  one  of 
its  bearers  at  Stillman's  Run.  The  vindictive  pursuit  and  murder  of  women  and  children 
after  the  Prophet  had,  in  person,  informed  his  ruthless  pursuers  that  "  his  people  were 
starving  and  wanted  peace,"  can  not  be  justified.  It  was  as  savage  an  act  as  the  savages 
themselves  had  committed.  It  must  be  added,  also,  that  after  Stillman's  defeat.  Black 
Hawk,  then  an  old  man,  lost  all  control  of  his  3'oung  braves,  who  were  led  by  Ne-o-pope. 
But  for  the  recklessness  of  Stillman's  soldiers,  in  all  human  probability  the  subsequent 
acts  of  savage  barbarity  by  both  Indians  and  whites  had  remained  undone. 


142  (iENKKAf.    msToKY   oK    ILLINOIS 

FLIGHT  OF   BLACK   HAWK  —  SUBKENDEB. 

After  the  battle  of  Bad  Axe,  Black  Hawk  fled  to  the  Winnebacfo  village  at  Prairie 
La  Crosse  for  refuge.  At  the  instance  of  the  authorities  two  Winnebago  Indians,  De- 
eorah  (^the  one-eyed),  and  Chwter,  went  to  him  with  the  message  that  if  he  would  come 
in  and  surrender  to  General  Street,  the  Indian  agent  at  Prairie  du  Chien,  he  would  be 
released  immediately  after.  It  was  reported  that  the  fallen  chief  told  them  he  knew 
they  lied,  but  that,  for  the  sake  of  his  wife  and  children,  whom  he  knew  to  be  starving, 
he  would  go.  On  the  2Tth  of  August  the  messengere  returned  with  Black  Hawk,  two 
of  his  sons,  and  the  Prophet,  and  delivered  them  to  General  Street.  During  the  cere- 
monies attending  the  surrender.  Black  Hawk,  in  referring  to  the  late  battle,  made  the 
following 

EEMABKABLE    SPEECH  : 

"  My  warriors  fell  aroilnd  me.  It  began  to  look  dismal.  I  saw  my  evil  day  at  hand. 
The  sun  rose  clear  in  the  morning  ;  at  night  it  sank  in  a  dark  cloud,  and  looked  like  a 
ball  of  fire.  This  was  the  last  sun  that  shone  on  Black  Hawk.  He  is  now  a  prisoner  to 
the  white  man.  But  he  can  stand  the  torture.  He  is  not  afraid  of  death.  He  is  no 
coward.  Black  Hawk  is  an  Indian.  Ho  lias  done  nothing  of  which  any  Indian  need  be 
ashamed.  He  has  fought  the  l)attles  of  his  country  against  tlie  white  man,  who  came 
year  after  year  to  cheat  the  Indians  and  take  away  their  lands.  You  know  the  cause 
of  our  making  war.  It  is  known  to  all  wiiite  men.  They  ought  to  be  ashamed  of  it. 
The  white  men  despise  the  Indians,  and  drive  them  from  their  homes.  But  the  In- 
dians are  not  deceitful.     Indians  dQ  not  steal. 

"  Black  Hawk  is  satisfied.  He  will  go  to  the  world  of  spirits  contented.  He  has 
done  his  duty.     His  Father  will  meet  and  reward  him. 

"The  white  men  do  not  scalp  the  head,  but  they  do  worse  —  they  poison  the  heart. 
It  is  not  pure  with  them.  The  Indians  will  not  be  scalped,  but  in  a  few  years  they 
will  become  like  the  white  man,  so  that  you  can  not  hurt  them ;  and  there  must  be,  as 
in  the  white  settlements,  as  many  officers  as  men,  to  take  care  of  them  and  keep  them 
in  order.     Farewell  to  my  nationj     Farewell  to  Black  Hawk  I" 

'  '  CAPTIVITY   AND   BELEASE. 

Black  Hawk  and  his  two  sons  were  held  as  prisonei*s  of  war.  By  the  terms  of  the 
treaty  made  at  Davenport,  Iowa,  in  September,  18:V2,  lietweeii  General  Winfield  Scott 
and  Governor  John  Reynolds,  of  Illinois,  on  tiie  part  of  the  United  States,  and  Keokuk 
and  other  chiefs  and  head  men  on  the  part  of  the  Sac  and  Fox  Indians,  by  which  the 
latter  agreed  to  relinquish  their  right  to  the  lands  on  the  eastern  slope  of  Iowa,  com- 
monly known  as  tiie  Bhick  Hawk  purchase,  it  wa,s  agreed  that  the  captives  should  be 
held  at  the  will  of  the  President.  At  that  time  Colonel  Zacllary  Taylor,  afterwards 
elected  President  of  the  United  States,  was  in  command  at  Fort  Crawford,  and  the 
captives  were  placed  in  charge  of  the  late  rebel  Jefl'  Davis,  then  a  \ieutenant  in  the 
regular  army,  to  be  taken  to  Jefferson  barracks  at  St.  Louis.  They  were  afterwards 
lield  at  Fortress  Monroe  until  June  4, 18<?3,  when  President  Jackson  directed  their  release 
^"roni  cRptivity  and  gave  them  in  charge  of  Major  Garland  to  lie  taken  on  a  grand  tour 
tlirougii  tlie  country  to  exhibit  to  them  the  folly  of  ever  renewing  hostilities  against  the 
United  States.  Tliey  were  told  the  people  of  the  United  States  were  as  numerous  as 
ilie  leaves  of  the  forest,  and  wherever-  they  went  tliey  attracted  much  attention  and 
large  crowds  of  the  curious.  At  this  time  Black  Hawk;  according  to  his  own  statement, 
was  al)out  sixty-six  years  of  age,  altliough  he  looked,  say  those  who  knew  him,  much 
younger.  He  was  aliout  five  feet  eight  inches  in  height,  sinewy,  with  bvonil  chest,  the 
high. cheek  buncs  of  his  race,  high  forehead  and  great  penetrating  black  eyes,  with  the 


GENERAI,   IIISTOKY   OF   ILLINOIS.  143 

glance  of  an  eagle,  dignified  and  majestic  manner,  although  manifestly  much  depressed 
in  spirit  after  his  great  misfortunes. 

The  starving  condition  of  his  wife  and  children,  more  than  any  other  cause,  in- 
duced Black  Hawk  to  surrender  himself  at  Prairie  du  Chien.  After  his  surrender  his 
wife  and  little  son  went  south  and  stopped  near  St.  Francisville,  Clark  county,  Missouri, 
where  she  was  a  frequent  visitor  at  the  house  of  Jerre  Wa3'land,  one  of  the  "  old 
settlers  "  of  that  neighborhood.  Wayland,  always  one  of  nature's  noblemen,  fully  sym- 
pathised with  her  in  her  misfortunes.  She  brooded  sorrowfully  over  the  forcible  absence 
of  her  lord,  and  often  declared  she  never  expected  him  to  return,  but  Wayland  sought 
to  keep  ujj  her  courage  with  the  assurance  that  he  would  come  in  good  time.  When  at 
last  he  did  return,  she  was  filled  with  joy,  and  his  arrival  home  was  made  an  occasion  for 
a  great  feast,  at  which  Black  Hawk,  Keokuk  and  their  families  were  all  present. 

HIS   DEATH   AND    BURIAL. 

After  his  return  from  captivity.  Black  Hawk  lived  among  his  people  on  the  Iowa 
river  until  that  reservation  was  sold  in  1836,  when,  with  the  rest  of  the  Sacs  and  Foxes, 
he  removed  to  the  Des  Moines  river,  where  he  remained  until  his  death  on  the  3d  day  of 
October,  1838.  His  burial  place  was  near  a  large  spring,  not  far  from  the  residence  of 
James  Jordon,  an  old  Indian  trader,  near  the  village  of  Eldon  (once  called  Ashton), 
at  the  Des  Moines  river  crossing  of  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  and  Pacific  railroad.  His 
burial  place  and  costume  were  thus  described  to  the  writer  by  Captain  James  W.  Camp- 
bell, of  Fort  Madison  : 

"  He  was  buried  in  a  pen  or  crib,  constructed  after  the  Indian  fashion.  It  was  made  of  round  poles,  and  was 
about  ten  feet  long  and  three  feet  wide,  and  about  as  high  as  a  man's  shoulders  when  sitting  on  the  ground.  The 
body  of  the  once  proud  old  chief  was  dressed  in  a  swallow-tailed  coat  made  from  blue  cloth,  which  was  elaborately 
decorated  with  brass  buttons,  epaulets,  etc.  When  robed  lor  burial,'  he  was  carried  to  the  place  selected  for  his 
sepulture,  and  placed  in  a  sitting  position  in  the  west  end  of  the  pen,  with  his  face  towards  the  rising  sun.  His  gun, 
tomahawk  and  blanket  were  placed  by  his  side,  and  the  pen  covered  over,  leaving  his  head  and  neck  above  the 
covering  and  exposed  to  the  weather.  A  plug  hat,  adorned  with  a  broad,  bright  colored  ribbon,  was  fixed  upon  his 
head,  and  his  face  was  painted  red  and  striped  with  black,  just  as  a  young  Indian  dandy  painted  when  he  went  a 
courting,  thus  conveying  the  idea  to  the  surviving  Indians  that  their  once  great  chief  and  warrior  had  gone  a  court- 
ing to  another  world,  where,  if  he  received  the  favors  of  the  Great  Spirit,  he  would  be  united  to  some  squaw  who  had 
passed  the  bounds  of  mortality,  and  that  they  would  remain  through  an  endless  eternity  in  the  green  and  happy 
hunting  grounds,  where  deer  and  elk  abounded,  and  where  no  white  man  would  ever  come  to  molest  them." 

DESECRATION    OP    HIS   BURIAL   PLACE. 

In  July,  1839,  Black  Hawk's  burial  place  was  invaded  and  his  remains  carried  away. 
In  January,  1840,  his  tribe  made  complaint  of  the  vandalism  to  Governor  Lucas,  who  had 
been  appointed  governor  of  that  territory  by  President  Van  Buren,  and  who  assumed 
the  duties  of  the  position  on  the  3d  day  of  July,  1838.  The  bones  were  traced  to  St. 
Louis,  where  they  had  been  cleaned,  and  then  in  the  possession  of  a  dentist  at  Quincy, 
Illinois  to  whom  the}^  had  been  sent  to  be  wired  and  set  up,  previous  to  being  sent  East. 
The  dentist  was  notified  not  to  deliver  them  to  any  one  until  a  requisition  was  made  by 
Governor  Lucas.  In  December  of  that  year  (1840)  the  governor  issued  the  necessary 
order,  and  in  a  few  days  after  it  was  served,  the  mayor  of  Quincy,  to  whom  the  bones 
had  been  turned  over,  forwarded  them  to  Burlington,  where  they  were  placed  in  the 
governor's  care. 

A  message  was  sent  to  Black  Hawk's  family,  living  on  the  Des  Moines  river,  about 
ninety  miles  distant,  and  an  Indian  cavalcade,  including  the  widow  of  the  departed  war- 
rior, and  a  retinue  of  her  friends,  was  soon  in  motion  towards  Burlington.  On  the  even- 
ing of  their  arrival,  the  governor  was  notified  of  their  readiness  to  wait  upon  him,  and  he 
fixed  an  audience  hour  at  10  o'clock  the  next  morning.  The  hour  came  and  with  it  the 
Indians  and  a  number  of  white  visitors  and  spectators.  The  box  in  which  the  skeleton 
remains  were  packed  opened  with  a  lid,  and  when  the  parties  were  assembled  and  ready 


144  GENEHAL   HISTORY   (tF   ILLINOIS. 

for  the  ceremony  of  delivering  them  up  to  the  friends  of  the  deceased  chieftain,  the  lid 
was  raised  hy  Governor  Lucas,  fully  exposing  all  that  was  earthly  of  Black  Hawk  to  the 
gaze  of  his  mourning  relatives  and  the  very  respectable  audience  of  white  people  who  at- 
tended to  witness  the  impressive  scene. 

The  governor  addressed  the  widow  through  John  Goodell,  inteqjreter  for  the  Hard- 
fish  band,  giving  all  the  details  of  the  removal  of  the  bones  from  the  grave  at  Ashton 
(now  Eldon)  to  St.  Louis,  from  St.  Louis  to  Quincy,  and  from  Quincy  to  Burlington,  and 
assured  her  that  they  were  the  veritable  bones  of  her  deceased  husband,  that  he  had 
sincerely  sympathised  witii  her  in  her  great  attiiction,  and  that  he  now  hoped  she  would 
be  consoled  and  comforted  by  the  return  of  the  precious  relics  to  her  care,  and  in  full 
confidence  that  they  would  not  again  be  removed  from  where  she  might  be  disposed  to 
re-entomb  them. 

"  The  widow  then  advanced  to  the  box,  and,"  says  one  who  witnessed  the  scene, 
"  without  any  seeming  emotion,  picked  up  the  Ijones  one  after  another,  and  examined 
each  one  witli  the  apparent  curiosity  of  a  child.  Replacing  each  separate  bone  in  its 
proper  jilace,  she  turned  to  the  interpreter,  and,  in  reply  to  the  remarks  of  Governor 
Lucas,  said  she  fully  believed  they  were  the  bones  of  Black  Hawk,  and  that  she  knew 
the  governor  was  a  good  old  man,  or  he  never  would  have  taken  the  trouble  he  had 
manifested  to  oblige  her,  and  for  his  great  benevolence  and  disinterested  friendship,  she 
would  leave  the  bones  under  his  care  and  protection."  She  was  told  the  authorities  were 
willing  to  surrender  the  bones,  but  she  seemed  indifferent  and  careless  to  the  matter,  and 
no  hing  was  done  by  her  or  the  tribe  towards  a  re-interment  of  the  remains,  and  they 
were  left  to  the  care  of  Governor  Lucas. 

CEEMATION   OF  THE   BONES. 

In  1840,  General  Harrison  was  elected  to  the  Presidenc}-,  and  in  the  change  of 
officers  wliirli  followed  by  appointment.  Governor  Lucas  was  succeeded  by  .John  Cham- 
bers, of  Kt-nlucky.  Before  vacating  the  executive  chair,  Governor  Lucas  caused  the  box 
containing  the  illustrious  warrior's  bones  to  be  removed  to  the  office  of  a  Dr.  Lowe,  who 
occupied  rooms  adjoining  a  building,  in  the  third  story  of  which  the  Historical  and  Geo- 
logical Institute  wiis  located,  and  to  which  institute  the  skeleton  remains  had  been  pre- 
sented. On  the  night  of  the  ItUh  of  January,  18">3,  before  the  remains  were  deposited 
in  the  institute,  the  institute  and  Dr.  Lowe's  office,  with  their  contents,  were  destroyed 
by  fire. 

Thus,  amid  fire  and  tumult,  all  that  was  earthly  of  Black  Hawk  found  a  resting  place 
in  the  ashes  of  the  ruined  structure,  and  thus  it  came  about  tliat  the  last  scene  with 
which  his  eventful  career  and  mortal  remains  were  associated,  was  no  less  dramatic  than 
his  first  public  appearance,  when, a  mere  boy,  he  avenged  the  death  of  his  father,  Py-e  -sa, 
who  fell  in  a  bluody  battle  with  the  Cherokees,  by  killing  three  and  wounding  several 
others  of  the  enemy  with  his  own  hands. 

Vale  Black  Hawk. 


KEOKUK. 

This  chief  was  no  less  conspicuous  than  Black  Hawk,  save  that  he  refused,  and 
maintained  his  refusal  to  join  in  the  war  of  1882.  He  was  of  the  Fox  tribe,  and  possessed 
great  power  over  his  immediate  adlierenls.  He  knew  from  the  first  that  the  war  would 
end  in  disaster,  and  refused  to  lie  a  parly  to  the  inviusion  of  Illinois,  and  such  was  his  in- 
fluence tliat  lie  prevented  his  hand,  with  a  few  inilividual  exieptions,  from  joining  Hlark 
Hawk  anil  his  Sacs.     After  Stillman's  defeat,  however,  the  war  feeling  ran  high  among 


(4E^EHAL  HISTORY   OF   ILLINOIS.  145 

his  people,  and  a  war-dance  was  held  in  which  he  took  a  part.  When  the  dance  was 
over,  he  called  a  council  to  prepare  for  war.  In  his  address  he  argued  the  justice  of 
their  complaints  against  the  white  man,  and  that  to  seek  redress  was  a  noble  amliition. 
"  I  am  your  chief,"  he  said,  "  and  it  is  my  duty  to  lead  you  to  battle,  if,  after  fully  con- 
sidei'ing  the  matter  you  are  determined  to  go.  But  before  you  go  it  is  wise  to  consider 
the  chances  for  success."  He  showed  the  braves  of  his  band  and  the  members  of  the 
council  that  success  was  hopeless,  and  added :  "  If  you  determine  to  go  upon  the  war  path 
I  will  lead  you  upon  these  conditions  —  that  before  we  go  we  kill  all  our  old  men,  and  our 
wives  and  children,  to  save  them  from  a  lingering  death  by  starvation,  and  that  we  go 
determined  to  leave  our  bones  on  the  other  side  of  the  Mississippi."  His  force  of  reason- 
ing, power  of  oratory  and  great  influence  prevailed  and  saved  the  Foxes  from  the  fate 
that  came  to  Black  Hawk  and  the  Sacs. 

When  Black  Hawk  was  defeated  at  Bad  Axe  his  strength  and  glory  departed  and 
the  panoply  of  power  fell  upon  Keokuk.  In  1845  he  led  his  people  to  Kansas,  where  he 
died  from  poison,  administered  by  one  of  the  tribe,  in  the  early  part  of  1848.  The 
poisoner  was  arrested,  confessed  his  guilt  and  was  executed  by  being  shot. 

LAST  OF  THE  SACS  AKD  FOXES. 

Of  the  Sac  and  Fox  Indians,  less  than  one  thousand  remain.  Of  this  number,  ac- 
cording to  the  last  report  from  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior,  three  hundred  and  forty-five 
are  located  in  Tama  county,  Iowa,  and  are  giving  their  attention  to  the  arts  of  civiliza- 
tion. They  have  six  hundred  and  ninety-two  acres  of  land  purchased  with  their  annuity, 
wliich  is  held  in  trust  for  their  use  and  benefit,  and  upon  which  they  pa}'  taxes.  Two 
hundred  and  ten  acres  of  this  land  is  under  cultivation.  Then-  personal  property  is  esti- 
mated at  $15,000,  consisting  chiefly  of  ponies,  which  is  their  ideal  of  wealth.  A  school 
house  is  kept  open  for  their  use,  but  there  has  been  no  regular  attendance  of  their  child- 
ren. Another  part  of  the  tribe,  consisting  of  four  hundred  and  thirty-three  persons,  is 
located  on  a  small  reservation  in  the  Indian  Territory,  "  all  of  whom,  with  a  few  excep- 
tions," said  the  agent  in  his  report  under  date  of  August  2,  1878,  "  are  engaged  in  agri- 
cultural pursuits  and  stock  raising.  Corn  is  their  principal  cereal  product.  They  have 
done  much  better  than  last  year  in  keeping  their  children  in  school,  and  many  of  the  pu- 
pils that  never  attended  school  before  have  made  commendable  progress  in  acquiring  a 
knowledge  of  the  English  language.  All  the  pupils  that  are  large  enough  are  instructed 
in  and  required  to  participate  in  all  the  domestic  industries." 

A  third  remnant  of  the  tribe,  consisting  of  about  seventy-five  heads,  and  known  as 
Mo-ko-ko-ko's  band,  is  settled  in  Kansas. 

Among  these  people  there  is  left  but  little  semblance  of  the  spirit  of  Black  Hawk's 
time  and  generation.  The  death  rate  exceeds  that  of  births,  so  that  it  will  not  be  many 
years  until  the  tribe  will  have  entirely  disappeared. 


146  GE]SEi;.VL  UlSTOIiY   Ol'   ILLINOIS 

CHAPI^Kli  X. 

SLAVERY  IN  ILLINOIS  — THE  BLACK  LAWS. 

Company  of  St.  Phillips  —  First  Cargo  of  African  Slaves  —  Prospecting  for  Minerals  —  Renault's  Return  to  France 

—  Slavery  Agitation  —  Gubernatorial  Contest  of  1822  —  Coles  Elected  —  Kidnapping  —  Coles'  Message  —  Black 
Laws — Slavery  and  Anti-Slavery  Parties  —  Excitement  of  the  People  —  Triumph  of  the  Anti-Slavery  Element 

—  Indentured  Apprentices. 

Christopher  Columbus  made  his  discoveries  in  the  )'ear  1492.  DeSoto,  a  Spanish 
explorer,  discovered  the  Lower  Mississippi  river  at  or  near  the  present  site  of  Memphis, 
by  cro.ssing  the  country  from  Florida,  about  1.538,  nearly  fifty  years  later,  and  Marquette 
and  Joliet  discovered  and  entered  upon  the  broad  bosom  of  the  Upper  Mississippi  from 
the  Wisconsin  river,  in  June,  1673,  nearly  two  hundred  years  after  Columbus  visited  the 
shores  of  the  Western  continent.  It  followed  that  the  Spanish  and  French  people  were 
the  first  to  attempt  to  occupy  and  possess  the  country  thus  discovered. 

When  French  attention  first  began  to  be  directed  to  the  country,  according  to  Charle- 
voix (iii,  389),  "  the  opinion  obtained  that  the  wealth  of  the  Western  World  consisted  in 
its  pearl  fisheries,  its  mines  of  gold  and  silver  and  the  wool  of  its  wild  cattle."  Louis  XIV, 
King  of  France,  and  the  regent  Duke  of  Orleans,  attempted  to  found  an  empire  in  the 
New  World,  and  thus  control  its  resources.  The  beginning  of  this  attempt  was  the 
French  settlements  at  Kaskaskia,  Prairie  du  Rocher,  Prairie  du  Pont,  Cahokea,  Peoria 
and  Chicago,  under  the  leadership  of  LaSalle,  Iberville,  and  the  priests,  Alvarez,  Gravier, 
Piriet,  Marest,  and  others.  These  settlements  were  made,  says  Mr.  Ford,  more  than  one 
hundred  and  fifty  years  before  the  admission  of  Illinois  as  a  State. 

Large  companies  were  formed  in  France  for  the  purpose  of  working  the  supposed 
pearl  fisheries,  gold  and  silver  mines,  and  collecting  the  wool  of  the  wild  cattle.  A 
monopoly  of  these  resources  was  first  granted  by  the  King  to  Crozat,  in  1712,  and  upon 
his  resignation,  in  1717,  to  the  great  "  Company  of  the  West,"  of  which  another  com- 
pany, known  as  the  "  Company  of  St.  Phillips,"  was  a  branch,  with  one  Renault  as  agent 
and  business  manager. 

Renault  sailed  from  France  in  1719,  with  a  view  to  carrying  out  the  objects  of  the 
company  and  possessing  and  controlling  the  resources  already  mentioned.  He  left  France 
with  some  two  hundred  mechanics,  miners  and  laborers  ;  and  touching  at  San  Domingo, 
he  purchased  five  hundred  slaves,  and  from  thence  sailed  to  tiie  country  of  Illinois,  and 
founded  the  village  of  St.  Pliillips,  in  the  southeast  corner  of  the  present  county  of  Mon- 
roe. From  there  he  sent  out  pro.specting  parties  to  different  sections  of  Illinois  and 
Missouri,  to  searcli  for  mines,  etc.  To  Renault,  then,  tl>e  agent  and  business  manager 
far  the  "  Company  of  St.  Pliillips,"  belongs  the  odium  of  j)lanting  negro  slavery  on  the 
soil  of  Illinois. 

In  1744,  Renault  returned  to  France.  Before  his  departure,  in  closing  up  the  busi- 
ness of  the  company,  Ik;  sold  his  slaves  to  the  F'rencli  colonists  at  Kjiskaskia  and  other 
settlements;  anil  they  became  the  progenitors  of  the  French  slaves  in  Illinois,  antl  a 
source  of  strife  and  agitation  for  many  yeai-s  after  Americans  came  to  inhabit  the  country. 
We  quote  from  Stuve's  Illinois: 

"  The  (juestion  of  slavery  entered  largely  into  the  gulii'rnatorial  campaign  of  1822. 
There  were  four  candidates  in  the  field  — Joseph  l*liillii)s,  the  Chief  Justice  ;  Thomas  C. 
Brown,  im<-  >if  tlie  .Siipifini-  Cuiut  Judges;  Maior-Gcneral  James  H.  Moore,  and  Edward 
Colea.     Mr.  Coles  was  u  Virgiuiau  by  birth,  born  December  15,  17bC.     His  father  was  a 


GEiNERAL  HISTORY   OF   ILLINOIS.  147 

planter  and  owner  of  a  large  number  of  slaves.  During  the  college  life  of  Edward  Coles, 
the  question  of  property  in  man  presented  itself  to  his  mind,  and  he  graduated  and  re- 
turned home  with  well-settled  convictions  of  its  moral  wickedness  and  political  impolicy, 
and  with  the  resolution  that  when  he  should  become  the  owner  of  his  share  of  his  father's 
slaves,  he  would  set  them  free.  "Apprehending,"  says  Mr.  Stuve,  "  that  these  sentiments 
would  meet  with  no  countenance  at  home,  he  kept  them  sacred  to  himself.  At  the  death 
of  his  father,  in  1808,  he  became  entitled  to  twenty-five  slaves  and  one  thousand  acres  of 
land.  In  1816  he  was  sent  in  the  sloop  of  war,  '  Prometheus,'  on  a  special  mission  to 
Russia,  as  the  bearer  of  important  dispatches  to  the  American  Ambassador  at  St.  Peters- 
burg. Before  his  return  home  he  made  a  tour  of  Europe,  and  soon  after  his  arrival  de- 
termined to  come  West,  and  spent  the  Summer  of  1818  in  Illinois,  and  witnessed  the 
labors  of  the  convention  at  Kaskaskia  to  frame  the  first  constitution.  In  the  following 
Spring  he  removed  with  his  slaves  to  Illinois.  On  the  trip  hither,  made  mostly  on  flat 
boats  down  the  Ohio,  the  negroes,  being  ignorant  of  their  destination,  were,  on  one  clear 
moonlight  evening  in  the  month  of  June,  called  together,  and  by  their  master  addressed 
in  a  plain,  short' speech,  in  which  he  pronounced  them  all  free.  Their  gratitude  was  so 
profound  that  they  tendered  him  one  year's  service  at  their  new  home.  But,  while 
touched  at  this  manifestation  of  their  attachment,  he  refused  their  offer.  He  gave,  be- 
sides, to  each  head  of  a  family  one  hundred  and  sixty  acres  of  land  in  Illinois,  in  the 
neighborhood  of  Edwardsville,  aided  them  with  money,  and  for  many  years  exercised  a 
paternal  care  over  them."* 

General  Moore  was  also  opposed  to  slavery,  his  sentiments  on  that  subject  being 
well  known  and  understood.  The  other  two  candidates,  Joseph  Phillips  and  Thomes  C. 
Brown,  were  pro-slavery  in  sentiment.     The  result  of  the  election  was  as  follows : 

Coles,  free  State. 2,8 lo 

Moore,    "       "     _£ 522 

3.332 

Phillips,   pro-slavery - - 2,760 

Brown,       "         " - 2,543 

5.303 

Total   vote _ 8,635 

Majority  in  favor  of  slavery 1,971 

Mr.  Coles  having  received  a  greater  number  of  votes  than  either  of  the  other  candi- 
dates, was  entitled  to  the  gubernatorial  seat,  and  was  duly  inaugurated.  In  his  first 
message  to  the  General  Assembly,  December  .5,  1822,  he  called  especial  attention  to  the 
subject  of  kidnapping,  which  had  become  quite  frequent.  He  argued  "  that  the  peculiar 
situation  of  the  State,  bordering  on  three  rivers  communicating  with  a  country  where 
there  was  always  a  demand  for  slaves,  afforded  a  great  temptation  and  facility  to  the 
lawless  and  inhuman  to  engage  in  this  crime,  and  that  more  efficient  measures  were 
required  to  prevent  the  kidnapping  of  free  blacks."  This  recommendation,  coupled  with 
his  suggestions  in  regard  to  the  emancipation  of  the  French  slaves  and  for  a  revision  of 

*The  law  of  1S19  respecting  free  negroes  required  the  emancipator  to  give  bond  that  they  should  not  become  a 
county  charge.  Having  provided  his  emancipated  slaves  with  one  hundred  and  sixty  acres  of  land  to  each  head  of  a 
family,  Coles  neglected  to  give  bond,  and  thereby  became  liable  to  a  fine  of  $200  for  each  negro.  During  the  heat  of 
the  convention  struggle  the  Commissioners  of  Madison  county  were  instigated  to  bring  suit  against  him  for  this 
amount,  and  a  verdict  of  $2,000  for  setting  his  negroes  at  liberty  without  giving  bond  as  required  by  law  was  entered 
against  him.  Pending  a  motion  for  a  new  trial,  in  January,  1825,  the  legislature  released  all  penalties  incurred  under 
the  act.  including  those  of  Coles.  At  the  next  term  of  court  he  plead  this  release  in  bar  of  judgment  against  him, 
but  Judge  McRoberts  decided  that  the  legislature  had  no  power  to  take  from  a  municipal  corporation  its  vested  right 
in  a  fine,  any  more  than  from  an  individual,  and  rendered  judgment  on  the  verdict.  Tlie  decision  was  believed  to 
have  been  influenced  by  the  feelings  growing  out  of  the  slavery  contest  the  year  before,  and  caused  no  little  popular 
excitement.  The  case  was  finally  taken  to  the  .Supreme  Court  and  reversed,  the  power  of  the  legislature  being  held 
to  be  ample  in  the  premises.  The  opinion  of  the  Court,  Chief  Justice  Wilson,  says:  "It  is  said  the  King  can  not 
remit  an  informer's  interest  in  a  popular  action  after  suit  is  brought  ;  this  is  no  doubt  true,  but  it  is  equally  true  that 
the  Parliament  can.  It  is  not  pretended  that  the  executive  could  remit  the  penalty  in  this  case,  but  the  legislature 
may." 


148  GENEKAI-    HISTORY   <>K    ILLINOIS 

the  black  laws  in  accordance   with  the  dictates  of  humanity,  was  enough  to  fan   the 
smouldering  embers  of  the  slavery  question  into  fiercest  flames. 

It  is  very  clear  that,  but  for  the  restraining  ordinance  of  1787,  or  the  enabling  act 
to  form  a  State  convention,  the  convention  would  have  reported  a  constitution  recogniz- 
ing and  establishing  slavery  ;  and  if  that  constitution  had  been  submitted  to  the  people 
for  approval  or  rejection,  there  can  be  no  doubt  but  it  would  have  been  adopted  by  the 
people  by  a  large  moijority. 

The  slavery  party  were  only  beaten  in  their  choice  for  governor  by  a  division  in  their 
own  ranks.  They  succeeded  in  electing  a  majority  of  the  legislature,  and  when  Governor 
Coles  recommended  the  emancipation  of  the  French  slaves,  this  majority  and  their  party 
constituents,  determined  upon  a  vigorous  fight  to  maintain  their  supremacy  and  carry  their 
purpose  of  perpetuating  slavery  at  all  hazards. 

Slaver}-  could  not  be  introduced,  "  nor  was  it  believed,"  says  Mr.  Ford,  "  that  the 
French  slaves  could  be  emancipated,  without  an  amendment  to  the  constitution  ;  the  con- 
stitution could  not  l)e  amended  without  a  new  convention,  to  obtain  which,  two-thirds  of 
each  Ijrancli  of  the  legislature  must  concur  in  recommending  it  to  the  people  ;  and  the 
voters  at  the  next  election  had  to  sanction  it  by  a  majority  of  all  the  votes  given  for 
members  of  the  lesrislature.  When  the  lesrislature  assembled,  it  was  found  that  the  Sen- 
ate  contained  the  requisite  two-thirds  majority  ;  but  in  the  House  of  Representatives,  by 
deciding  a  contested  election  case  in  favor  of  one  of  the  candidates,  the  slave  party  would 
have  one  more  than  two-thirds  ;  while  by  deciding  in  favor  of  the  other,  they  would  lack 
one  vote  of  having  that  majority.  These  two  candidates  were  John  Shaw  and  Nicholas 
Hanson,  who  claimed  to  represent  the  county  of  Pike,  then  including  all  the  mili- 
tary tract  and  all  the  country  north  of  the  Illinois  river  to  the  northern  limits  of  the 
State. 

"  The  leaders  of  the  slavery  party  were  anxious  to  re-elect  Jesse  B.  Thomas  to  the 
United  States  Senate.  Hanson  would  vote  for  him,  but  Shaw  would  not :  Shaw  would 
vote  for  the  convention,  but  Hanson  would  not.  The  party  had  use  for  them  both,  and 
determined  to  use  them  both,  one  after  the  other.  For  this  purpose  they  first  decided 
in  favor  of  Hanson,  admitted  him  to  a  seat,  and,  with  his  vote,  elected  their  United  States 
Senator,  and  then,  towards  the  close  of  the  session,  with  mere  brute  force,  and  in  the 
most  bare-faced  manner,  they  reconsidered  their  former  vote,  turned  Hanson  out  of  his 
seat,  and  decided  in  tuvor  of  Shaw,  and  with  his  vote  carried  the  resolution  for  a  con- 
vention. 

"  The  night  after  this  resolution  passed,  the  convention  party  assembled  in  triumph 
in  a  great  carousal.  They  formed  themselves  in  a  noisy,  disorderly  and  tumultuous  pro- 
cession, headed  by  Judges  Phillips,  Smith,  Thomas  Reynolds  (afterward  governor  of 
Missouri),  and  Lieutenant-Governor  Kinney,  and  followed  by  the  majority  of  the  legisla- 
ture, tlie  hangers-on  and  raiible,  marched,  with  the  blowing  of  tin  horns,  beating  of  drums 
and  tin  ])ans,  to  the  residence  of  Governor  Coles,  and  the  boarding-houses  of  their  prin- 
cipal opponents,  towards  whom  they  manifested  their  contempt  and  displeasure  l>y  a  con- 
fused medlej'  of  groans,  wailings  and  lamentations."  The  object  of  this  ku-klux  proces- 
cession  was  to  intimidate  all  opposition  at  once. 

The  object  failed,  however,  and  served,  on  the  other  hand,  to  infuse  the  anti-conven- 
tion [)arty  with  new  life  and  more  determined  resolution.  They  rallied  to  a  man. 
Newspapers  were  estaiilished  to  op]pose  the  convention.  <  )ue  of  these  State  pajn-rs  was 
started  at  Shawneetown,  with  Henry  Eddy  as  editor  ;  one  at  Edwardsviile,  with  Hooper 
Warren  as  editor  ;  and  one  at  Vandalia,  edited  by  David  Hlackwell ;  and  Governor  Coles, 
Thomas  Lippencott,  George  Churchill  aiul  Judge  Lockwooil  as  special  aiul  jirincipal 
contributors. 

Tiif  ]irii-slavery  ]iarty  established  a  newspaper  at  Kaskaskia,  under  the  direction  of 
Mr.  Kane  and  Chief  Jubtice  Reynolds,  with  Judge  Smith  as  editor.     Both  parties  ap- 


GENERAI-   HISTORY   OF   ILLINOIS.  I49 

pealed  to  the  interests,  passions  and  intelligence  of  the  people.  Under  such  circumstan- 
ces the  contest  was  attended  with  a  great  deal  of  personal  abuse,  and  a  regular  torrent 
of  detraction  and  vituperation  was  poured  out  by  e:ich  part}'  against  the  leaders  of  the 
opposite  party.  It  is  impossible,  as  well  as  foreign  to  a  volume  of  this  character,  to  fol- 
low in  detail  all  the  maneuvers  incident  to  that  campaign.  It  was  a  long  and  bitter  one, 
lasting  from  the  Spring  of  1823  until  the  election  of  1824.  Almost  every  stump  in  the 
settled  portions  of  the  country'  had  its  howling,  bellowing  orator  on  one  side  or  the 
other.  For  the  space  of  eighteen  months  the  whole  people  did  scarcely  any  thing  else 
but  read  newspapers,  handbills  and  pamphlets,  attend  public  meetings,  argue,  quarrel 
and  wrangle  with  each  other  whenever  and  wherever  they  met. 

The  leaders  of  the  convention  party  were  Judges  Brown,  Phillips  and  John  Reynolds  ; 
Jesse  B.  Thomas  and  ex-Governor  Edwards,  U.  S.  Senators ;  Lieutenant  Governor 
Kinney,  Judge  Smith,  Chief  Justice  Thomas  Reynolds,  John  McLean,  Elias  K.  Kane, 
Judge  McRoberts  and  Governor  Bond.  The  principal  men  and  leaders  of  the  anti-con- 
vention or  free  State  party,  were  Morris  Birbeck,  Governor  Coles,  Daniel  P.  Cook,  then 
member  of  Congress,  David  Blackwell,  George  Churchill,  Samuel  D.  Lockwood,  Thomas 
Lippincott,  Hooper  Warren,  George  Forquer,  Thomas  Mather  and  Henry  Edd}'.  The 
question  of  slavery  was  thoroughly  discussed.  The  people  took  an  undivided  and  ab- 
sorbing interest  in  it.  They  were  made  to  understand  it  completely  ;  and  as  this  was 
long  before  the  abolition  excitement  of  more  modern  times,  Illinois  may  justly  be  claimed 
as  the  original  battle-ground  between  freedom  and  slavery.  The  introduction  of  slavery 
was  resisted,  not  so  much  on  the  ground  of  principle  as  from  policy  and  expediency. 
The  free  State  party  triumphed,  as  the  people  decided  by  a  majority  of  1,668  votes  in 
favor  of  a  free  State.     The  vote  was  as  follows  : 

Against  the  convention  and  in  favor  of  a  free  State. __ 6,640 

For  the  convention  and  slavery — 4i972 

Total  vote   cast -    - Ii,6i2 

Majority  against  the  convention  and  slavery 1,668 

BLACK   LAWS. 

Pending  the  six  years  agitation  of  this  vexed  question  under  State  jurisdiction 
from  1818  to  1824,  some  very  stringent  and  inhuman  laws  were  passed  regarding  the 
black  people.  The  first  laws  uyder  State  organization  were  enacted  in  1819.  Under 
them  no  negro  or  mulatto,  with  or  without  a  family',  was  permitted  to  settle  in  the  State 
until  he  produced  a  certificate  of  freedom  properly  attested  before  some  court,  with  a 
description  of  the  person  producing  it,  and  of  his  family,  if  any,  which  was  required 
to  be  entered  on  record  in  the  county  where  he  settled.  Even  under  this  protection, 
the  overseers  of  the  poor  were  authorized  to  expel  such  persons  at  their  discretion.  Any 
one  coming  into  the  State  to  emancipate  his  slaves,  was  required  to  give  bond  in  the 
sum  of  one  thousand  dollars  as  a  guarantee  that  they  should  not  become  a  public  charge; 
for  neglecting  or  refusing  to  make  such  bond,  a  penalty  of  two  hundred  dollars  was  at- 
tached. All  resident  negroes  or  niulattoes,  except  slaves,  were  required  to  enter  their 
names  and  the  names  of  every  member  of  their  family  with  the  circuit  clerk,  before 
the  first  of  June  ensuing  (1819),  together  with  their  evidence  of  freedom.  No  person 
was  allowed  to  employ  any  negro  or  mulatto  without  such  certificate,  under  a  penalty 
of  one  dollar  and  fifty  cents  for  each  day  employed,  to  be  recovered  before  a  justice  of 
the  peace,  one-third  of  the  amount  to  go  to  the  informant  and  the  rest  to  the  owner 
or  to  the  county.  Harboring  any  slave  or  servant,  or  hindering  an  owner  from  re- 
taking a  slave,  was  declared  to  be  a  felony,  punish.able  by  restitution  or  a  fine  of  two- 
fold value,  and  whipping  not  to  exceed  thirty  stripes.  Black  and  mulatto  persons  not 
having  a  proper  certificate,  were  held  to  be  runaway  slaves,  subject  to  arrest  and  com- 
mitment by  a  justice,  then  to  he  described  and   advertised   for  six  weeks  by  the  sheriff. 


150  OENKR.\I,   HISTOIIY   OF   II.LIKOIS. 

when,  if  not  reclaimed,  or  their  freedom  established,  they  were  to  be  sold  for  one  year, 
at  the  end  of  which  time,  they  were  entitled  to  a  certificate  except  as  against  their 
owner.  No  one  was  permitted  to  buy  or  sell  to,  or  trade  with  any  servant  or  slavQ, 
without  the  consent  of  his  master,  under  penalty  of  forfeiting  to  the  muster  four  times 
the  value  of  such  transaction.  A  .slave  or  servant  found  ten  miles  from  home  without 
a  permit  was  subject  to  arrest  and  thirty-five  stripes,  on  the  order  of  a  justice  of  the 
peace;  or,  if  he  appeared  at  any  dwelling  or  plantation  without  leave  of  his  master, 
the  owner  of  the  place  was  entitled  to  administer,  or  cause  to  be  administered,  ten  lashes 
on  the  bare  back.  For  being  lazy,  disorderly  or  misbeliaving  to  his  master  or  his  family, 
on  the  order  of  a  justice,  he  was  to  be  corrected  witii  stripes,  and  for  every  day  he 
refused  to  work,  he  was  to  serve  two.  Riots,  routs,  unlawful  assemblies,  trespass, 
seditious  speeches  by  slaves  or  servants,  were  punishable  with  stripes  not  exceed  thirty- 
nine.  Any  one  suffering  three  or  more  slaves  or  servants  to  assemble  on  their  premises 
for  dancing,  reveling,  etc.,  were  liable  to  a  fine  of  twenty  dollars.  It  was  made  the 
duty  of  coroners,  sheriffs,  judges  and  justices  of  the  peace,  having  knowledge  of  such 
assemblages,  to  have  the  offenders  committed  to  jail,  and  after  judgment  to  order  thirty- 
nine  stripes.  In  cases  where  free  persons  were  punishable  by  fine,  slaves  or  servants 
were  chastised  b}'  whipping  at  the  rate  of  twenty  lashes  for  every  eight  dollars  of  the 
fine,  not  to  exceed  forty  stripes  at  any  one  time. 

As  late  as  1847  the  convention  which  revised  the  constitution,  in  Article  XIV.,  re- 
quired the  General  Assembly  at  its  first  session  under  the  amended  constitution,  to  enact 
such  laws  as  would  effectually  proiiibit  free  persons  of  color  from  coming  and  settling  in 
the  State,  and  to  prevent  the  owners  of  slaves  from  bringing  them  into  the  State  for  the 
purpose  of  setting  tliem  free.  In  obedience  to  this  requirement  of  tlie  constitution,  the 
Legislature  passed  the  act  of  February  12,  1853,  which  was  nearly  as  infamous  as  any  of 
the  acts  already  quoted.  It  provided  that,  if  any  negro  or  mulatto,  bond  or  free,  came 
into  the  State  and  remained  ten  days,  with  the  evident  intention  of  residing  therein,  he 
should  be  deemed  guilty  of  a  liigli  misdemeanor,  and  for  tlie  first  offense  should  be  fined 
fifty  dollars,  and  if  the  fine  was  not  I'ortiiwilii  paid,  lie  was  to  be  cummitted  to  the  custody 
of  the  sheriff,  to  lie  advertised  ten  days  and  then  sold  to  any  person  who  would  pay  the 
fine  and  costs  for  the  siiortest  period,  the  purchaser  being  empowered  to  hold  and  work 
the  culprit  during  the  time.  <3ne  case  under  this  act  was  taken  up  to  tlie  Supreme  Court 
from  Hancock  county-,  and  decided  in  18G4.  The  court  held  the  law  to  be  valid:  '*  That 
the  punishment  was  not  slavery,  because  the  person  was  only  soUl  for  a  limited  period; 
that  it  was  only  a  species  of  apprenticeship,  and  tlial  tiie  State  miglit  define  offenses  and 
prcscrilie  tlie  punishment  and  the  exercise  of  such  powers  could  not  be  inquired  into  by 
the  court." 

The  laws  herein  quoted  were  known  as  the  "Black  Laws,"  and  were  continued  in 
all  the  revisions  of  the  laws  from  1819  down  to  180;'),  when,  by  act  of  February  Ttli,  tliey 
were  repcaleil.  For  many  years  jireviously,  however,  tliey  had  ceased  to  be  enforced  and 
were  regarded  as  a  dead  letter.  Tiie  excuse  for  r'etiuniiig  tiieiii  so  long  Wiis  found  in  tlie 
abolition  tfxcitement  of  niodern  times,  whicli.  in  a  nKiniier.  constituted  lliem  tests  of  party 
fealty. 

INDKNTL'KED   AND   REUISTEBED    8KKVANTS. 

Tlie  sixth  article  of  the  ordinance  lor  the  governnieiit  of  the  Nortliwtsicrn  Territory, 
adopted  July  1:!,  1787,  consecrated  the  territory  to  freeiloni  in  these  words  :  '•  Tiiere  siiall 
be  neither  slavery  nor  involiinlary  servitude  in  tlie  said  territorv,  otherwise  than  in  the 
punishment  of  crimes  whereof  liie  party  shall  have  been  duly  convicted."  The  pro- 
slavery  element  in  the  territory  sought  by  every  possible  means  to  induce  Congress  to 
modify  tliis  restriction,  but  without  effect.  Failing  in  this,  tiie  friends  of  slavery  next 
sought  to  accomplish  their  purpose  tlirougii  the  law-making  powers  of  llie  Territory,  both 


GENERAL  HISTORY   OP   ILLINOIS.  151 

of  the  first  and  second  <jrades:  and  in  defiance  of  the  prohibitionary  clause  in  the  ordi- 
nance, a  hiw  was  adopted  entitled  "An  act  concerning  the  introduction  of  negroes  and 
mulattoes  into  this  Territory."  The  act  bears  date  September  17,  1807,  and  was  passed 
two  years  before  Illinois  was  set  off  as  an  independent  territory.     We  quote: 

.  Section  i.  It  shall  and  may  be  lawful  for  any  person,  being'  the  owner  of  any  negroes  or  mulattoes  above  the 
age  of  fifteen  years,  and  owing  service  and  labor  as  slaves  in  any  of  the  States  or  Territories  of  the  United  States, 
or  for  any  citizen  of  the  United  States  or  Territories,  purchasing  the  same,  to  bring  the  said  negroes  or  mulattoes 
into  this  Territory. 

Section  two  provided  that  within  thirty  days  after  bringing  the  slaves  into  the  Terri- 
tory, the  owner  or  master  should  take  them  before  the  clerk  of  the  court  and  have  an  in- 
ienture  between  the  slave  and  his  owner  entered  on  record,  specifying  the  time  which  the 
slave  was  compelled  to  serve  his  master,  the  term  generally  fixed  being  ninety-nine  years. 
Section  three  guarded  the  property  of  the  master  against  loss  by  allowing  him,  in  event 
of  the  slave  refusing  to  enter  into  such  agreement  or  indenture,  to  have  the  lawful  right, 
within  sixty  days,  to  remove  such  slave  to  any  State  or  Territory,  where  such  property 
could  be  legally  held.  \ 

Section  5.  Any  person  removing  into  this  Territory,  and  being  the  owner  pf  any  negro  or  mulatto  under  the 
age  of  fifteen  years,  it  shall  and  may  be  lawful  for  such  person,  owner,  or  possessor,  to  hold  the  said  negro  or  mulatto 
to  service  or  labor,  the  males  until  they  arrive  at  the  age  of  thirty-five,  and  the  females  until  they  arrive  at  the  age 
of  thirty-two  years. 

Sec.  13.  The  children  born  in  this  Territory  of  a  parent  of  color  owing  service  or  labor  by  indenture,  according 
to  the  law,  shall  serve  the  master  or  mistress,  the  males  until  the  age  of  thirty,  and  females  until  the  age  of  twenty- 
eight  years. 

Other  laws  were  enacted  by  which  the  owner  or  master  might  sell  his  servants  !  by 
an  assignment  of  the  indenture,  thus  tolerating  and  recognizing  the  traffic  in  slaves  as 
well  as  the  institution  of  slavery. 

When  Illinois  Territory  was  organized  in  1809,  the  governor  and  judges,  who  were 
the  law-making  power,  adopted  the  law  quoted,  and  thej'  were  re-adopted  by  the  first 
Territorial  Legislature  at  Kaskaskia,  December  13,  1812.  This  law  was  clearly  at  fault 
with  that  section  of  the  ordinance  already  quoted,  and  was  so  decided  in  the  case  of 
Phoeba  vs.  Jarret.*  in  the  Supreme  Court,  in  which  it  was  decided  that  the  act  of 
September  17,  1807,  regarding  the  bringing  of  negroes  and  mulattoes  into  the  territory, 
was  void  as  being  repugnant  to  the  sixth  article  of  the  ordinance  of  1787.  It  was  further 
held,  however,  that  the  contracts  of  indenture  under  that  law  were  rendered  void  by  the 
third  section  of  the  sixth  article  of  the  State  Copstitution. 

"  Each  and  every  person  who  has  been  bound  to  service  by  contract  or  indenture  in  virtue  of  the  laws  of  Illinois 
Territory  heretofore  existing,  and,  in  conformity  to  the  provisions  of  the  same,  without  fraud  or  collusion,  shall  be 
held  to  a  specific  performance  of  their  contracts  or  indentures ;  and  such  negroes  and  mulattoes  as  have  registered  in 
conformity  with  tlie  aforesaid  laws,  shall  serve  out  the  time  appointed  by  said  laws ;  provided,  however,  that  the 
children  hereafter  born  of  such  persons,  negroes  or  mulattoes,  shall  become  free,  the  males  at  the  age  of  twenty-one 
years,  and  the  females  at  the  age  of  eighteen  years. 

The  validity  of  the  indenture  and  registration  act  was  never  raised  and  tried  before 
the  territorial  courts,  nor  until  some  3'ears  after  the  Territory  had  been  admitted  as  a 
State.  "  The  convention,  therefore,"  adds  Mr.  Stuve,  "  which  enacted  the  constitution, 
gave  that  law  the  only  legal  vitality'  it  ever  had,  but  it  is  presumable  they  were  under  the 
impression  that  it  was  valid  and  had  been  all  the  time  ;  and  it  was  only  in  requirement 
of  the  enabling  act  of  Congress  that  they  enacted  article  VI,  section  I :  '  Neither  slavery 
nor  involuntary  servitude  shall  hereafter  be  introduced  in  this  State.'" 

There  are,  or  were,  in  March.  1878,  at  least  two  surviving  representatives  of  tlie  in- 
dentured and  registered  servant  class  still  living  at  Galena  —  Swanzy  Adams  and  his  wife. 
Adams  was  taken  there  by  the  Johnsons,  of  Kentucky,  about  1825-6,  and  although  sold, 

♦Ikeese,  Ills.  R.  26S. 


lo-2  OEXERAf.   niSTOHY   OF   ILLINOIS. 

traded,  kidnapped,  imprisoned,  etc.,  time  and  again,  has  managed  to  maintain  a  home  at 
Galena,  where  he  has  accumulated  a  handsome  little  propert}-.  He  was  nearly  ninety 
years  of  age  wiieu  he  was  fii-st  visited  by  the  \vriter  in  February,  1878,  and  for  over  half 
a  century  had  made  a  business  of  hauling  water  to  citizens  who  were  deprived  of  other 
means  of  a  water  supply.  The  woman,  now  his  wife,  was  taken  there  a  slave  girl  some 
years  later  Ijy  other  parties.  There  were  others  besides  these,  and  some  of  their  de- 
scendants still  live  there.  But  Swanzy  Adams  and  his  wife  are  the  last  survivors  of 
their  class  in  northern  Illinois,  and  in  all  probability,  the  kst  in  the  State. 


CHAPTER  XL 

AMERICAN     IMMIGRATION. 

A  Disease-Stricken  Colony —  Want  of  Mills  —  Increase  of  Population  —  Extent  of  Settlements  —  Pioneer  Women 
—  From  New  York  to  Kishwaukee  —  Clothing  From  Nettles — .Michiijan  Seas  —  New  Counties — From 
"Egypt"  to  Canada. 

As  already  stated,  two  American  settlements  were  commenced  in  Illinois  in  1780, 
one  near  Bellefontaine,  in  Monroe  county,  and  the  other  in  the  American  Bottom.  An- 
other American  settlement  called  New  Design  was  commenced  in  1782.  American  settle- 
ments, however,  were  slow,  as  will  be  shown  by  the  following  extracts  from  Reynolds' 
Pioneer  History  and  The  Western  Annals.     Reynolds  says: 

"  By  an  act  of  Congress,  1791,  four  hundred  acres  of  land  were  granted  to  all  heads 
of  families  who  made  improvements  in  Illinois  prior  to  1788,  except  village  improvements. 
These  rights  were  commonly  designated  as  '  head  rights.'  A  list  of  names  of  heads  of 
families  who  settled  in  Illinois  previous  to  the  year  1788,  entitling  them  to  these  dona- 
tions, which  included,  also,  non-residents  who  should  return  in  five  years"  time  to  oc- 
cupy their  claims,  shows  a  total  number  of  244  claimants,  80  of  whom  were  Americans. 
By  allowing  the  usual  number  of  five  souls  to  the  family,  we  have  a  population  in  that 
year  of  1,220.  This  excluded  negroes.  Before  1791,  under  the  militia  law  of  the  gover- 
nor and  judges,  the  muster  roll  gives  about  300  men  capable  of  bearing  arms,  of  which 
number  65  only  were  Americans." 

A   DISEASE-STRICKEN   COLONY. 

The  Annals  says:  "In  1797  a  colony  of  one  hundred  and  twenty-six  persons,  the 
largest  which  had  yet  arrived,  were  most  fatally  stricken  with  disease.  They  were  from 
Virginia,  had  descended  the  Ohio  in  the  Spring,  and  landed  at  Fort  Massac,  from  which 
they  had  made  their  way  across  by  land  to  the  New  Design.  This  place  was  in  the  pres- 
ent county  of  Monroe,  and  was  established  in  1782.  It  was  located  on  an  elevated  and 
beautiful  plateau  of  ground,  barren  of  timber,  which  commanded  a  view  of  both  the 
Kaskaskia  and  Mississippi  rivers.  The  season  was  exceedingly  wet,  the  weather  ex- 
tremely warm,  and  the  roads  heavy  and  muddy.  The  colonists  toiled  tiirough  the  woods 
and  swamps  of  soutiiern  Illinois  for  twenty-six  days  to  travel  a  distance  of  one  liiiudred 
and  thirty-five  miles.  They  were  worn  down,  sick,  and  almost  famished.  Wlu-n  they 
arrived  at  their  (U'slinatimi,  they  found  among  the  old  settlers,  long  harassed  iiy  Indian 
warfare,  but  poor  accommoilations.  There  was  no  lack  of  hospitality  in  feeling,  but  that 
did  not  enlarge  the  cabins,  which  usually  contained  but  one  room,  into  many  of  which 
three  or  four  families  were  now  crowded  with  their  sick  and  well.  Food  was  insufficient, 
salt  was  ver}'  scarce,  and  medical  aid  was  almost  out  of  the  ({uestion.     A  putrid  and 


rjENERAI.  HISTORY  OF  TLT.INOTS.  153 

malignant  fever  broke  out  among  tlie  new  comers,  attended  by  such  fatalit}'  as  to  sweep 
half  of  them  into  the  grave  by  the  approach  of  Winter.  No  such  fatal  disease  was  ever 
before  or  since  known  in  the  country."  "  The  old  inhabitants,"  says  another  authority, 
"  were  not  affected.  The  intelligence  of  this  unwonted  mortality  produced  abroad  the 
wrongful  impression  that  Illinois  was  a  sickly  country,  which  tended  no  little  to  retard 
immigration."  It  is  now  a  well  established  fact  that  Illinois  is  among  the  healthiest 
States  in  the  Union. 

The  Americans  who  settled  at  remote  distances  from  the  French  settlements  suf- 
fered great  inconvenience  and  hardships  for  the  want  of  mills.  The  French  had  their 
wind  mills  from  an  early  period,  but  when  they  began  to  dwindle  away,  the  mills  went 
into  decay,  and  for  what  few  other  mills  there  were,  the  water  failed,  and  the  Americans 
were  compelled  to  have  recourse  to  other  means.  Tin  graters  and  hominy  blocks,  the 
last  of  which  will  l)e  fully  described  hereafter,  were  made  to  supply,  as  far  as  possible, 
the  absence  of  mills.  These,  in  turn,  were  succeeded  by  hand  mills,  horse  mills  and 
water  mills.  The  last  named  finally  gave  way  to  steam  mills,  until  comparatively  but 
few  water  mills  now  remain  in  use. 

INCREASE   OP   POPULATION. 

When  Illinois  was  established  as  a  separate  dependency,  the  population  was  esti- 
mated at  9,000.  The  census  of  1810  showed  a  population  of  12,282.  When  the  Territory 
was  admitted  as  a  State,  under  act  of  Congress,  approved  December  3,  1818,  the  popula- 
tion had  increased  to  40,000.  The  census  of  1820  showed  an  increase  of  15,211  in  a 
little  more  than  one  year,  or  a  total  population  of  55,211.  The  larger  part  of  this  popu- 
lation had  come  in  after  the  close  of  the  war  of  1812,  when  it  was  supposed  the  country 
was  freed  from  Indian  molestation.  Between  two  and  three  thousand  of  this  population 
was  made  up  of  the  descendants  of  the  old  Frencii  settlers  at  Prairie  du  Rocher,  Prairie 
du  Pont,  Cahokia,  Peoria,  and  Chicago ;  a  great  many  of  them  being  half  and  quarter 
breeds,  their  paternal  ancestors  having  intermingled  and  intermarried  with  the  Indian 
tribes  native  to  the  country.  The  remainder  of  the  population  were  Americans,  and  with 
the  exception  of  a  small  per  ceutage  of  Pennsylvanians,  nearly  the  whole  of  them  were 
from  the  Southern  States — Virginia,  Kentucky,  Tennessee,  North  Carolina,  Maryland, 
etc.,  and  the  habits,  customs,  manners,  and  hospitality  peculiar  to  that  people  were  so 
indelibly  fixed  upon  the  country,  that  tliey  are  retained  to  this  day.  Some  of  these  pio- 
neer people,  says  Mr.  Ford,  had  been  officers  and  soldiers  under  General  Rogers  Clark, 
who  conquered  the  country  from  the  British  in  1778,  and  they,  with  others,  who  followed 
them,  maintained  tlieir  position  in  the  country  during  the  Indian  wars  in  Ohio  and  Indi- 
ana, in  the  times  of  Harmar,  St.  Clair,  and  Wayne.  This  whole  people  did  not  number 
more  than  12,000  in  1812.  but  with  the  aid  of  one  company  of  regular  soldiers  defended 
themselves  and  their  settlements  during  the  war  of  1812,  against  the  then  numerous  and 
powerful  nations  of  Kickapoos,  Sacs,  Foxes,  Pottawatomies,  and  Shawnees,  and  even 
made  hostile  exjieditions  into  the  heart  of  their  territories,  burning  their  villages  and  de- 
feating and  driving  them  from  the  country. 

When  the  State  was  admitted  there  were  fifteen  organized  counties,  of  which  Bond 
was  the  most  northern.  The  settled  portions  of  tiie  country  included  in  these  fifteen 
counties  extended  a  little  north  of  Edwardsville  and  Alton,  south  along  the  Mississippi 
to  the  mouth  of  the  Ohio,  east  in  the  direction  of  Carlyle,  in  Clinton  county,  to  the 
Wabash,  and  down  the  Wabash  and  the  Ohio  to  the  mouth  of  the  last  named  river.  But 
within  these  boundaries  there  was  a  very  large  and  unsettled  wilderness  tract  of  country 
between  the  Kaskaskia  river  and  the  Wabash,  and  between  the  Kaskaskia  and  the  Ohio 
— the  distance  across  it  being  equal  to  a  three  days'  journey.  All  the  country  north  of 
the  district  covered  by  these  fifteen  counties  to  the  British  possessions  was  an  almost 
trackless  wilderness  whose  primitive  fastnesses  had  never  been  disturbed  by  the  feet  or 


154  GEXEItVL   JIISTORT   OF   H.UVOIS 

voices  of  white  men.  But  a  countrv  so  ricli  in  soil  and  climate,  already  cleared  and 
waitinc:  to  be  stirred  with  the  jilow  and  tickled  with  the  hoe,  to  he  made  to  3'ield 
rich  returns  to  industrious  tillers,  could  not  long  remain  in  the  idle  possession  of  the 
Indian  occupants.  The  fame  of  the  Illinois  prairies  spread  al)road  and  people  soon 
began  to  flock  here  from  almost  every  State  of  the  Union.  The  immigration  and  settle- 
ment of  these  rich  prairies  and  fertile  river  valleys  was  not  so  rapid  as  has  been  the 
settlement  of  Iowa,  Nel>raska  and  Kansas,  because  the  means  of  travel  were  neither  so 
comfortable  or  rapid.  In  those  days  there  were  no  railroads  or  fast  steamboat.s,  and 
immigrants  depended  on  ox  or  horse  wagons,  with  their  schooner-like  boxes,  that  would 
carry  about  as  much  as  an  ordinary  canal  boat,  to  convey  their  families  and  effects  from 
the  old  States  to  the  new  El  Dorado.  Many  of  the  first  settlers  of  Illinois  came  the 
entire  distance  from  New  York,  Vermont,  Pennsylvania,  Maryland,  or  other  distant 
States,  by  this  means  of  conveyance,  never  sleeping  under  roof  from  tlie  time  they  left 
the  old  homes  until  they  reached  Illinois,  selected  their  claims  and  built  their  cabins. 
Hundreds  of  them  had  no  definite  point  of  destination  in  view  when  they  turned  their 
backs  upon  their  old  homes,  but  with  brave  hearts  and  iron  wills  they  traveled  on  and 
on,  part  of  the  time  with  no  guide  but  the  pocket  compass  or  the  north  star,  until  thej' 
found  a  location  that  suited  them.  Then  living  in  brush  tents  or  wagons  and  cooking 
by  camp  fires  until  rude  cabins  were  built,  they  commenced  the  foundations  of  that 
prosperity  which  secured  for  the  country  of  their  choice  a  crowning  place  in  the  union  of 
States.  (Others  of  the  early  first  settlers,  and  notably  those  of  the  extreme  southern 
part  of  the  Territory,  came  by  keelboats  or  flatboats  till  they  reached  the  mouths  of  the 
Illinois  water  courses  that  empty  into  the  great  rivers  —  the  Oiiio  and  the  Mississippi  — 
and  then  ascended  inland  until  places  for  homes  were  found.  While  it  is  almost  certain 
a  majority  of  the  pioneers  to  the  southern  part  of  the  State  came  by  that  means  of  con- 
veyance, it  is  a  well  established  fact  that  the  bulk  of  the  first  settlers  in  the  central  and 
northern  part  of  the  State  came  by  wagon. 

PIONEER  WOMEK. 

As  much  credit  as  maybe  awarded  to  the  pioneer  fathers  and  husbands  for  their 
bravery  and  courage  in  looking  fate  square  in  the  face  when  they  set  out  from  their  early 
homes  to  find  and  found  new  homes  and  fortunes  in  the  country  of  the  Illinois,  there  is 
an  equal  share  of  honor  due  to  the  pioneer  mothers  and  wives.  It  is  but  the  truth  to 
write  that,  had  the  settlement  and  development  of  the  Western  States  depended  upon 
men  alone,  the  progress  of  improvement  and  spread  of  civilization  would  have  been 
much  slower.  Taking  a  last  look  at  the  surroundings  of  their  girlhoods"  homes,  and  bid- 
ding friends  farewell,  many  of  them  forever,  they  climbed  into  wagons  already  loaded, 
and  stowing  away  tiieir  little  ones  as  comfortably  as  circumstances  would  permit,  they 
turned  their  backs  upon  all  that  was  dear  to  their  early  youth,  and  witii  their  faces  to  the 
west,  made  journeys  of  thousands  of  miles.  Many  of  them  in  addition  to  caring  for 
children  and  preparing  meals  by  camp  fires  on  the  way  side,  drove  a  team  the  entire 
distance.  Few  men  would  have  iiiidortakiMi  so  arduous  a  task.  Mi-s.  Towner,  one  of 
the  pioneer  mothers  of  Boone  county,  and  the  first  white  woman  to  prepare  a  meal  in 
that  county,  came  there  a  weak,  frail  wife  and  mother  of  several  small  children.  They 
made  the  entire  trip  froni  New  York  arouiul  through  Canada,  down  through  Michigan  to 
Chicago,  in  a  wagon  fitted  for  the  trip.  From  Chicago  to  the  present  site  of  Belvidere, 
Mrs.  Towner  took  charge  of  their  two-horse-wagon  and  children,  and  left  her  husband  to 
the  care  of  an  ox  team  and  supplies  they  juirchased  there.  Tiie  last  day  of  the  journey, 
the  31st  day  of  July,  IHH.'),  she  took  the  course  for  the  site  of  the  new  home  her  hus- 
band had  previously  selected,  and  boldly  struck  out  for  the  country  of  the  Kishwaukee. 
Part  of  the  time  she  followed  the  trail  made  by  General  Scott's  army  from  (Chicago  to 
join  the  campaign  against  the  Black   Hawk   Indians  in    18;!'2,  and  part  of  the  time  she 


GENEliAL   HISTORY   OK   irj.IXOTS.  155 

drove  where  no  team  had  ever  been  driven  before.  About  midnight  of  the  hist  day  of 
July  she  reached  the  bank  of  the  Kishwaukee,  where  she  stopped,  unhitched,  unharnessed 
and  turned  the  horses  out  to  graze,  built  a  camp  fire  and  prepared  the  evening  repast,  by 
which  time  her  husband  came  up.  The  next  morning,  when  Aurora  unbarred  the  gates 
of  light  and  kissed  the  cheek  of  day,  her  eyes  belield  what  the  eyes  of  no  white  woman 
had  ever  beheld  before — the  transparent,  softly  murmuring  water  of  the  gently  flowing 
Kishwaukee  river,  the  Illinois  tributary  of  the  beautiful  Rock  river,  the  pride  of  two 
States. 

Coming  down  through  Michigan  and  along  the  lake  shore,  Mrs.  Towner  gathered 
several  wooden  pails  full  of  what  she  called  sandberries  (whortleberries),  and  when  they 
reached  Cliicago  she  bought  some  earthern  jars,  washed  the  berries  and  turned  them  into 
the  jars,  covered  them  with  molasses,  and  sealed  tliem  up.  From  that  time  to  Septem- 
ber, 1877,  when  she  was  visited  by  the  writer,  her  larder  liad  never  been  witliout  pre- 
served fruits,  either  wild  or  domestic. 

Another  instance  of  the  enterprise  and  determination  of  the  pioneer  mothers  of  Illinois 
was  related  at  a  gathering  of  tlie  Old  Folks  at  Belvidere  in  September,  1877.  An  Indiana 
family  named  Payne  settled  on  the  Fox  and  Du  Page  rivers  in  183.S.  They  had  several  chil- 
dren of  school  age  in  18'35,  wlien  the  first  sciiool  in  the  neighborhood  was  to  commence,  but 
like  Flora  McFlimsey,  the  children  had  nothing  to  wear,  and  the  parents  liad  nothing 
wherewith  to  buy  them  suitable  raiment  to  attend  school.  The  husband  racked  his  brain 
for  ways  and  means  to  no  purpose,  and  gave  up  in  despair.  But  the  wife  and  mother  was 
equal  to  the  emergency.  She  had  set  her  heart  on  sending  her  children  to  school,  and  to 
school  tliey  must  go  ;  for 

"  When  a  woman  says  she  will,  she  will,  you  may  depend  on't  ; 
And  when  she  says  she  won't,  she  won't,  and  that's  the  end  on't." 

So  Mrs.  Payne  set  to  work  to  accomplish  her  object,  and  clothe  her  children  for  school. 
The  bottom  land  along  the  Fox  and  Du  Page  rivers  furnished  the  raw  material,  and  her 
industry  and  skill  the  means  to  utilize  it.  She  went  to  the  river  bottom,  and  with  her 
own  hands  mowed  down  a  sufficient  supply  of  nettles  to  supply'  her  purpose.  TJiese  she 
spread  out  and  rotted  in  tlie  same  manner  that  flax  is  rotted.  Then  with  her  own  hands 
she  broke  them,  scutched  them,  hackeled  tliem,  spun  the  fibrous  part  into  thread  on  an 
old-fashioned  spinning-wheel,  wove  the  thread  into  cloth,  and  cut  and  made  the  cloth 
into  clothes  for  the  little  ones,  and  had  them  ready  for  school  on  the  opening  day.  Wliat 
husband  and  father  would  have  done  as  much  '! 

Not,  forsooth,  for  want  of  will, 
But  for  lack  of  "pluck"  and   skill." 

The  first /ree  school  in  Illinois  was  taught  by  one  of  these  pioneer  women  —  Lydia 
Lawrence,  the  mother  of  L.  M.  Lawrence,  the  present  Probate  Judge  of  Boone  county. 
In  1838  there  were  a  number  of  cliildreu  in  the  Lawrence  neighborhood,  in  what  is  now 
Bonus  township,  in  that  county,  that  Mrs.  Lawrence  tliought  ought  to  be  learning  some- 
thing instead  of  spending  all  the  day  idle.  So  she  announced  that  if  their  parents  would 
send  them  to  her  place  she  would  spend  a  ceriain  numlier  of  hours  each  d;ty  in  teaching 
their  young  ideas  how  to  slioot.  The  shade  of  a  wide-spreading  tree  that  stood  in  the 
door-yard  of  the  Lawrence  cabin  was  improvised  as  a  school-house.  The  children  came 
on  the  appointed  day  and  school  commenced.  Blocks  or  pieces  of  wood  were  used  as 
seats  by  the  children,  while  the  teacher,  knitting  in  hand,  occupied  an  old  splint-bottom 
rocking-chair.  As  the  shade  of  the  tree  moved  with  the  sun,  the  school-house  moved. 
Thus  ran  the  first /ree  school  ever  taught  in  Illinois,  or  at  least  in  that  part  of  the  State. 
A  good  many  of  the  /?;•.«<  young  men  and  young  women  of  that  township,  in  Boone  county, 
learned  their  a-b-c"s  and  a-b  abs  f.iom  good  old  mother  Lawrence  beneath  the  shade  of 
that  old  tree.  Both  the  teacher  and  the  tree  were  cut  down  long  since  — the  one  by  the 
scythe  o(  the  great  reaper,  and  the  otlier  l)y  the  woodman's  ax. 


156  OEXERAL   niSTOUV   OF   II.I.IXOIS. 

Tlie  ILiikers  came  to  Peoria  county  in  18"29.  They  left  the  old  home  in  the  town 
of  SterliniT,  Cayufja  county.  New  York,  on  the  19th  day  of  September  of  that  year,  when 
Seba  H.  Harker,  now  of  the  city  of  Peoria,  was  just  two  weeks  old.  and  wlio  was  car- 
ried the  entire  distance  on  a  pillow.  From  Buff.ilo  to  Cleveland,  Mrs.  Harker  and  the 
youncjer  members  of  the  family  came  by  lake  vessel.  From  Cleveland  the  entire  family 
came  by  wagon.  When  coming  down  through  Michigan  they  encountered  heavy  rains 
and  swollen  streams.  At  one  place  they  had  to  unload  their  goods  and  pack  them  across 
a  stream  that  was  spread  to  the  width  of  a  small  sea.  Trees  had  been  felled  across  tiie 
main  channel  for  a  footway,  but  to  reach  them  they  were  forced  to  wade  through  sixty 
rods  of  water  that,  most  of  the  distance,  came  above  their  knees.  Nothing  daunted  liy 
the  wide  expanse  of  water,  Mrs.  Harker  plunged  in,  baby  Seba,  pillow  and  all. and  waded 
through,  accomplisliing  what  few  strong,  muscular  men,  with  a  baby  in  their  arms,  would 
have  attempted.  Most  men  would  liave  shrunk  from  the  undertaking,  and  waited  for  the 
flood  to  subside  ;  but  not  so  with  Mrs.  Harker.  She  braved  the  flood  and  risked  the  life 
of  heiself  and  youngest  born  to  reach  and  help  establish  a  home  in  Illinois.  Of  such 
stuff  were  the  picnieer  wivt-s  and  mothers  to  the  *'  Prairie  State."  Elaborately  carved  and 
costly  shafts  of  granite  and  marble  may  l)e  designed  to  perpetuate  tlie  memory  of  fallen 
warrior  chieftains,  wise  statesmen  and  publicists,  but  none  of  them  deserve  richer  honors 
than  the  brave  women  who  came  to  endure  the  dangers  and  hardships  of  pioneer  life  and 
uphold  the  standard  of  civilization  in  the  wilds  of  Illinois. 

NEW    COUNTIES. 

Of  the  fifteen  counties  when  Illinois  was  admitted  as  a  State,  the  last  three  in  the 
order  of  organization  were  Union,  Wasiiingtou  and  Franklin.  They  weie  organized  in 
1818.  Immigration  increased  and  settlements  extended,  as  already  shown,  gradually 
from  the  south  northward.  The  American  immigrants,  true  to  tiie  restless  nature  and  ad- 
venturous sjiirit  of  their  race,  kept  pushing  on  and  on  until  they  had  ]iassed  tiie  lines  of  set- 
tlements heretofore  described, and  were  scattered  here  and  there  all  through  the  southern 
half  of  the  Territory.  These  settlements  were  often  at  remote  distances  from  each  other 
and  were  generally  confined  to  the  timi)er  along  the  water  courses;  for,  a-s  strange  as  it 
may  seem  to  many  people  of  the  present,  it  is  nevertheless  a  fact,  that  the  first  farms 
were  made  in  the  timber.  It  was  believed  by  many  of  the  pioneer  settlers  that  tin- 
prairies  were  useless  except  for  pasture,  and  that  it  would  be  impossible  to  live  on  them, 
that  the  soil  in  the  timber  was  stronger,  more  productive,  and  that  it  would  last  longer 
than  the  soil  of  the  prairies,  even  if  they  were  susceptible  of  cultivation.  As  late  as 
1830  to  '-iS  the  timber  districts  were  preferred,  and  tiie  men  who  began  to  make  farms  on 
the  prairie  land  were  considered  wild  and  visionary.  But  it  was  not  long  until  opinions 
changed.  While  the  settlers  among  the  limber  weic  toiling  and  delving,  wasting  their 
strength  and  vigor  to  subdue  the  fori'st  around  their  caliins,  tlie  prairie  farnuus  were  rais- 
ing good  crops  and  building  beltei'  houses.  In  some  instances  men  came  to  Illinois  and 
paid  twelve  dollai-s  an  acre  for  farms  that  had  been  commenced  in  the  timber,  when  farms 
that  nature  made  on  the  prairies  near  l)y  were  lying  vacant  and  could  lie  purchased  from 
the  government  atone  dollar  and  twcuty-hvc  cents  an  acre.  Hut  the  minds  of  nuui  have 
undergone  a  comiilete  i:hange  in  tliis  regard  an<l  the  prairies  of  the  VVestern  Slates  are  now 
the  chosen  sites  for  homes  and  farms.  It  has  l)ecn  demonstrated  that  it  is  cheaper  to  raise 
timl)er  for  domestic  purposes  than  it  is  to  clear  it  away,  aiul  tiuit  jirairie  farms  are  more 
productive  and  the  soil  much  more  lasting  than  timbered  ones. 

in  1821  the  State  legislature  organized  seven  new  counties  —  Greene,  Fayette, 
Montgomery,  Lawrence,  Hamilton,  Sangamuu  and  Pike.  Applications  for  authority  to 
organize  new  counties  were  so  numerous  thai  the  legislature  provided  lor  twelve  weeks, 
l»ublii;iition  of  their  intentions  before  petitions  would  be  received  and  entertained  in  the 
future. 


GENEliAL  HISTORY  OF   ILLINOIS.  157 

Pike  county,  orEjanized  under  an  act  approved  January  31  (1831),  embraced  all  the 
territory  nortli  of  the  Illinois  river  and  its  south  fork,  now  Kankakee  river.  A  Gazet- 
teer of  Illinois  and  Wisconsin, .Ipublished  about  1822,  says  that  the  county  "  included  a 
part  of  the  lands  appropriated  by  Conoress  for  the  payment  of  military  bounties.  The 
lands  constituting  that  tract,  are  included  within  the  peninsula  of  the  Illinois  and  Mis- 
sissippi, and  extend  on  the  meridian  line  passing  through  the  mouth  of  the  Illinois,  one 
hundred  and  sixty-two  miles  north.  Pike  county  will  no  doubt  be  divided  into  several 
counties,  some  of  which  will  become  very  wealthy  and  important.  It  is  probable  that 
the  section  about  Fort  Clark  will  he  the  most  thickly  settled.  On  the  Mississippi  river, 
above  Rock  river,  lead  ore  is  found  in  abundance.  Pike  county  contains  between  700 
and  800  inhabitants.  It  is  attached  to  the  first  judicial  circuit,  sends  one  member  to  the 
House  of  Representatives  and,  with  Greene,  one  to  the  Senate.  The  county  seat  is 
Colesgi'ove,  a  post  town.  It  was  laid  out  in  1821,  and  is  situated  in  township  eleven 
south,  in  range  two  west  of  the  fourth  principal  meridian.  Very  little  improvement  has 
yet  been  made  in  this  place  or  the  vicinity.  The  situation  is  high  and  healthy,  and  it 
bids  fair  to  become  a  place  of  some  importance."  This  is  all  that  is  known  of  the  Town 
of  Colesgrove,  the  county  seat  of  all  this  region  in  1821. 

Fulton  county  was  formed  from  Pike,  January  28,  1823,  and  included  all  the  terri- 
tory north  of  the  base  line,  and  west  of  the  fourth  principal  meridian,  which  had  been 
in  Pike.     Peoria  county  was  created  from  Fulton,  January  13,  1825. 


CHAPTER  XII. 

NORTHERN    ILLINOIS    INTERNAL    IMPROVEMENTS. 

1832-1842  —  Governor  Duncan  —  Internal  Improvements  —  Inflation  —  Fever  of  Speculation  —  Paper  Towns  — 
Illinois  and  Michigan  Canal  —  Panic — Repudiation  —  Lovejoy  and  Freedom  —  Slavery  and  Murder —  Governor 
Carlin  —  Prairie  Pirates  —  Reign  of  Terror  —  Desperate  Resolves  and  Desperate  Deeds  —  Mormons  and 
Mormon  War,  etc. 

After  the  close  of  the  Black  Hawk  war  in  1832,  the  attention  of  immigrants  began 
to  be  directed  to  the  northern  part  of  the  State.  Previous  to  the  close  of  that  crusade 
nearly  the  whole  of  the  country  north  of  Peoria,  with  the  exception  of  the  Fever  river 
country  around  Galena,  was  an  undisturbed  wilderness  waste,  of  which  but  little  was 
known  by  white  men.  The  result  of  that  war  removed  all  apprehensions  of  danger  from 
Indians  and  opened  the  country  to  the  peaceable  possession  of  tillers  of  the  soil  and 
founders  of  towns  and  cities. 

In  1833  settlers  began  to  come  in  and  make  claims  and  improvements,  and  it  was 
not  long  until  signs  of  American  civilization  were  to  be  seen  all  over  the  country. 
Chicago,  until  then  scarcely  more  than  a  trading  post,  took  on  new  life  and  rapidly  grew 
into  prominence  as  a  commercial  center.  These  settlers  were  nearly  all  from  the  Eastern 
States,  and  were  widely  different  in  their  habits  and  customs  from  the  people  who  settled 
the  southern  part  of  the  State.  As  the  latter  established  southern  habits  and  customs 
in  that  section  of  the  commonwealth,  so  did  the  New  Englanders  fix  their  habits  and 
customs  in  the  northern  part  of  the  State.  These  differences  are  as  plainly  visible  in  the 
character  of  houses  and  farm  buildings  and  in  the  management  of  farms,  as  in  the  social 
customs  and  habits  of  life.  In  short,  there  is  about  the  same  relative  difference  between 
the  people  of  these  two  sections  of  the  State,  as  there  is  between  the  people  of  South 
Carolina  and  Massachusetts.     But  all  have  proved  themselves  good  citizens  in  every 


158  GENF.RAI.    HISTORY   OF   ILLINOIS. 

sense,  and  these  differences  have  no  doubt  benefited  each  other,  as  well  as  the  State  in 
which  they  live. 

INTERNAL  IMPKOVEMENT8. 

At  the  general  election  in  1834  Joseph  Duncan  was  chosen  Governor.  His  prin- 
cipal opponent  was  Ex-Lieutenaut  Governor  Kinney.  A  reckless  desire  for  internal 
public  improvements  had  seized  the  minds  of  the  people,  and  in  liis  message  to  the 
Legislature  in  1835,  Governor  Duncan  said  :  "  When  we  look  abroad  and  see  the  exten- 
sive lines  of  inter-communication  penetrating  almost  every  section  of  our  sister  States ; 
when  we  see  the  canal  boat  and  the  locomotive  bearing  with  seeming  triumph  the  rich 
productions  of  the  interior  to  the  rivers,  lakes  and  ocean,  almost  annihilating  time, 
burthen  and  space,  what  patriot  bosom  does  not  beat  high  with  a  laudable  ambition  to 
give  Illinois  her  full  share  of  these  advantages  which  are  adorning  her  sister  States,  and 
which  a  munificent  Providence  seems  to  invite  by  a  wonderful  adaptation  of  our  whole 
country  to  such  improvements?  " 

The  Legislature  responded  to  the  ardent  words  of  the  Governor,  and  enacted  a  sys- 
tem of  internal  improvements  without  a  parallel  in  the  grandeur  of  its  conception.  They 
ordered  the  construction  of  1,800  miles  of  railroad,  crossing  the  State  in  all  directions. 
This  was  surpassed  by  the  river  and  canal  improvements.  There  were  a  few  counties 
not  touched  by  railroad,  or  river  or  canal,  and  they  were  to  be  comforted  and  compen- 
sated by  the  free  distribution  of  S200,000  among  them.  To  inflate  this  balloon  beyond 
credence,  it  was  ordered  that  work  should  commence  on  both  ends  of  each  of  these  rail- 
roads and  rivers,  and  at  each  river-crossing,  all  at  the  same  lime.  This  provision,  which 
has  been  called  the  crowning  folly  of  the  entire  system,  was  the  result  of  those  jealous 
combinations  emanating  from  the  fear  that  advantages  might  accrue  to  one  section  over 
another  in  the  commencement  and  completion  of  the  works.  One  can  appreciate  better, 
jierhaps,  the  magnitude  of  this  grand  system  by  reviewing  a  few  figures.  The  debt  au- 
thorized for  these  improvements  in  the  first  instance  was  #10,230.000.  Hut  this,  as  it 
was  soon  found,  was  based  upon  estimates  at  least  too  low  by  half.  This,  as  we  readily 
see,  committed  the  State  to  a  liability  of  over  820,000,000.  equivalent  to  8200,000.000. 
at  the  present  time,  with  over  ten  times  the  population  and  more  than  ten  times  the 
wealth. 

Such  stupendous  undertakings  by  the  State  naturally  engendered  the  fever  of  spec- 
ulation among  individuals.  That  particular  form  known  as  the  town-lot  fever  assumed 
the  malignant  type  at  first  in  Chicago,  from  whence  it  spread  over  the  entire  State  and 
adjoining  States.  It  was  an  epidemic.  It  cut  up  men's  farms  without  regard  to  locality, 
and  cut  up  the  purses  of  the  purciiasers  witliout  regard  to  conseciuences.  It  was  esti- 
mated that  building  lots  enough  were  sold  in  Indiana  alone  to  accommodate  every  citizen 
then  in  the  United  States. 

Chicago,  which  in  1830  was  a  small  trading-post,  had  within  a  few  years  grown  into 
a  city.  This  was  the  starting  point  of  the  wonderful  and  marvelous  career  of  that  com- 
mercial center.  Improvements,  unsurpassed  by  individual  efforts  in  the  annals  of  the 
world,  were  then  begun  and  have  been  maintained  to  this  day.  Reports  of  the  rapid 
advance  of  property  in  Chicago  spread  to  the  East,  and  thousands  poured  into  her 
borders,  bringing  money,  enterprise  and  industrj-.  Every  ship  that  left  her  port  carried 
with  it  maps  of  splendidly  situated  towns  and  additions,  and  every  vessel  that  returned 
was  laden  with  immigrants.  It  was  said  at  tlie  time  that  the  staple  articles  of  Illinois 
export  were  town  plats,  and  that  there  was  danger  of  crowding  the  State  with  towns  to 
the  exclusion  of  land  for  agricidture. 

ILLINOIS  AND  MICHIGAN  CANAL. 

The  Illinois  and  Michigan  canal  again  receive<l  attention.     This  enterprise  is  one  of 


GENERAL   HISTORY   OF   ILLINOIS.  159 

the  most  important  in  the  early  development  of  Illinois,  on  account  of  its  magnitude  and 
cost,  and  forming  as  it  does  the  connecting  link  between  the  great  chain  of  lakes  and  the 
Illinois  and  Mississippi  rivers.  Governor  Bond,  the  first  governor,  recommended  in  his 
firdt  message  the  building  of  the  canal.  In  1821  the  Legislature  appropriated  $10,000 
for  surveying  tlie  route.  This  work  was  performed  by  two  young  men,  who  estimated 
the  cost  at  $600,000  or  $700,000.  It  cost,  however,  when  completed,  $8,000,000.  In 
1825  a  law  was  passed  to  incorporate  the  Canal  Company,  but  no  stock  was  sold.  In 
1826,  upon  the  solicitation  of  Daniel  P.  Cook,  Congressman  from  this  State,  Congress 
gave  800,000  acres  of  land  on  the  line  of  the  work.  In  1828  commissioners  were  ap- 
pointed, and  work  commenced  with  a  new  survey  and  new  estimates.  In  1834-5  the 
work  was  again  pushed  forward,  and  continued  until  1848,  when  it  was  completed. 

PANIC  —  REPUDIATION   ADVOCATED. 

Bonds  of  tlie  State  were  recklessly  disposed  of  both  in  the  East  and  in  Europe. 
Work  was  commenced  on  various  lines  of  railroad,  but  none  were  ever  completed.  On 
the  Northern  Cross  Railroad,  from  Meredosia  east  eight  miles,  the  first  locomotive  that 
ever  turned  a  wheel  in  the  great  valley  of  tlie  Mississippi,  was  run.  The  date  of  this  re- 
markable event  was  November  8,  1838.  Large  sums  of  money  were  being  expended 
with  no  assurance  of  a  revenue,  and  consequently,  in  1840,  the  Legislature  repealed  the 
improvement  laws  passed  three  years  previously,  not,  however,  until  the  State  had  accu- 
mulated a  debt  of  nearly  $15,000,000.  Thus  fell,  after  a  short  but  eventful  life,  by  the 
hands  of  its  creator,  the  most  stupendous,  extravagant  and  almost  ruinous  folly  of  a  grand 
system  of  internal  improvements  that  any  civil  community,  perliaps,  ever  engaged  in. 
The  State  banks  failed,  specie  was  scarce,  an  enormous  debt  had  been  piled  up,  the  in- 
terest of  which  could  not  be  paid,  people  were  disappointed  in  the  accumulation  of 
wealth,  and  real  estate  was  worthless.  All  this  had  a  tendency  to  create  a  desire  to 
throw  off  the  heavy  burden  of  State  debt  by  repudiation.  This  was  boldly  advocated  by 
some  leading  men.  The  fair  fame  and  name,  however,  of  the  State  was  not  tarnished  by 
repudiation.  Men,  true,  honest,  and  able,  were  placed  at  the  head  of  affairs  ;  and  though 
the  hours  were  dark  and  gloomy,  and  the  times  most  trying,  yet  the  grand  Prairie  State 
was  brought  through  and  prospered,  until  to-day,  after  the  expenditure  of  millions  for 
public  improvements  and  for  carrying  on  the  late  war,  she  has  a  present  debt  of  only 
about  $300,000, 

MARTYR   FOR   LIBERTY. 

The  year  1837  is  memorable  for  the  death  of  the  first  martyr  for  liberty,  and  the 
abolishment  of  American  slavery,  in  the  State.  Elijah  P.  Lovejoy  was  shot  by  a  mob  in 
Alton,  on  the  night  of  the  7th  of  November  of  that  year.  He  was  at  the  time  editor  of 
the  Alton  Observer,  and  advocated  anti-slavery  principles  in  its  columns.  For  this  prac- 
tice three  of  his  presses  had  been  destroyed.  On  the  arrival  of  the  fourth,  the  tragedy 
occurred  which  cost  him  his  life.  In  anticipation  of  its  arrival  a  series  of  meetings  wei-e 
held  in  which  the  friends  of  freedom  and  of  slavery  were  represented.  The  object  was  to 
effect  a  compromise,  but  it  was  one  in  which  liberty  was  asked  to  make  concessions  to 
oppression.  In  a  speech  made  at  one  of  these  meetings,  Lovejoy  said :  "  Mr.  Chairman, 
what  have  I  to  compromise  ?  If  freely  to  forgive  those  who  have  so  greatly  injured  me  ; 
if  to  pray  for  their  temporal  and  eternal  happiness ;  if  still  to  wish  for  the  prosperity  of 
your  city  and  State,  notwithstanding  the  indignities  I  have  suffered  in  them  —  if  this  be 
the  compromise  intended,  then  do  I  willingly  make  it.  I  do  not  admit  that  it  is  the  busi- 
ness of  any  body  of  men  to  say  whether  I  shall  or  shall  not  publish  a  paper  in  this  city. 
That  right  was  given  tome  by  my  Creator,  and  is  solemnly  guaranteed  by  the  Constitution 
of  the  United  States  and  of  this  State.  But  if  by  compromise  is  meant  that  I  shall  cease 
from  that  which  duty  requires  of  me,  I  can  not  make  it,  and  the  reason  is,  that  I  fear  God 


160  fiENERAL   HISTORY   OF   ILLINOIS 

more  than  inini.  It  is  also  a  very  iliflferent  question,  whether  I  shall,  voluntarily  or  at 
the  request  nf  my  friends,  yield  up  my  position,  or  whether  I  shall  forsake  it  at  the  hands 
of  a  mob.  The  former  I  am  ready  at  all  times  to  do  when  circumstances  require  it,  as  I 
will  never  put  my  personal  wishes  or  interests  in  competition  with  the  cause  of  that 
Master  whose  minister  I  am.  But  the  latter,  be  assured  I  never  will  do.  You  have,  as 
lawyers  say.  made  a  false  issue.  There  are  no  two  parties  between  whom  there  can  be  a 
compromise.  I  plant  myself  down  on  my  unquestionable  ritjhts.  and  the  question  to  be 
decided  is.  whether  I  shall  be  protected  in  those  rights.  You  may  hang  me.  as  the  mob 
hung  the  individuals  at  Vicksburg ;  you  may  burn  me  at  the  stake,  as  thej'  did  old  Mcin- 
tosh at  St.  Louis;  or,  you  may  tar  and  feather  me,  or  throw  me  into  the  Mississippi  as 
you  have  threatened  to  do;  but  you  can  not  disgrace  me.  I,  and  I  alone,  can  disgrace 
myself,  and  the  deepest  of  all  disgrace  would  be  at  a  time  like  this  to  deny  my  Maker  by 
forsaking  his  cause.  He  died  for  me,  and  I  were  most  unworthy  to  bear  His  name  should 
I  refuse,  if  need  be.  to  die  for  Him."  Not  long  afterward  .Mr.  Lovejoy  was  shot.  His 
brother  Owen,  being  present  on  the  occasion,  kneeled  dow  n  on  the  spot  beside  the  corpse, 
and  sent  up  to  God,  in  the  hearing  of  that  ver}'  mob,  one  of  the  most  eloquent  prayers 
ever  listened  to  by  mortal  ear.  He  was  bold  enough  to  pray  to  God  to  take  signal  ven- 
geance on  the  infernal  institution  of  slavery,  and  he  then  and  there  dedicated  his  life  to 
the  work  of  overthrowing  it.  and  hoped  to  see  the  day  when  slavery  existed  no  more  in 
this  nation.  He  died,  March  24.  1864,  nearly  three  months  after  the  Emancipation  Pro- 
clamation of  President  Lincoln  took  effect.  Thus  he  lived  to  see  his  most  earnest  and 
devout  prayer  answered.  But  few  men  in  the  nation  rendered  better  service  in  over- 
throwing the  institution  of  slavery  than  Elijah  P.  and  Owen  Lovejoy. 

CABLIN   ELECTED   GOVEBNOll. 

Thomas  Carlin.  Democrat,  was  elected  Governor  in  1S?,8.  over  Cyrus  Edwards, 
Whig.  In  1842  Adam  W.  Snyder  was  nominated  for  Governor  on  the  Democratic  ticket, 
but  died  before  election.  Thomas  Ford  was  placed  in  nomination,  and  was  elected,  ex- 
Governor  Duncan  being  his  opponent. 

PKAIRIE    PIRATES. 

The  northern  part  of  the  State  also  had  its  mob  experiences,  but  of  an  entirely  dif- 
ferent nature  from  the  one  just  recounted.  There  has  always  hovered  around  the  frontier 
of  civilization  bold,  desperate  men,  who  prey  upon  the  unprotected  settlers  rather  than 
gain  a  livelihood  i)y  honest  toil.  Theft,  robbery  and  murder  were  carried  on  by  regularly 
organized  bands  in  Ogle,  Lee,  Winnebago  and  DeKaii)  counties.  The  leaders  of  these 
gangs  of  cut-throats  were  among  the  first  settlers  of  that  portion  of  the  State,  and  conse- 
quently had  the  choice  of  location.  Among  the  most  prominent  of  the  leaders  were 
John  DriscoU,  William  and  David,  his  sons;  John  Brodie  and  three  of  his  sous;  Samuel 
Aikens  and  three  of  his  sons;  William  K.  Bridge  and  Norton  B.  Royce. 

Tl'.ese  were  the  representative  characters,  those  who  planned  and  controlled  the 
movements  of  the  combination,  concealed  them  when  danger  threatened,  nursed  them 
when  sick,  rested  them  when  worn  down  by  fatigue  and  forced  maiches,  furnished  hid- 
ing places  for  their  stolen  booty,  shared  in  tlie  spoils,  and,  under  cover  of  darkness  and 
intricate  and  devious  ways  of  travel,  known  only  to  themselves  and  subordinates,  trans- 
ferred stolen  horses  from  station  to  station  ;  for  it  came  to  be  known  as  a  well-establirthed 
fact  that  they  had  stations,  and  agents,  and  watchmen  scattered  throughout  the  country 
at  convenient  distances,  and  signals  and  jjuss-words  to  assist  and  govern  them  in  all 
their  nefarious  transactions. 

Ogle  county,  i)articularly,  seemed  to  be  a  favorite  and  chosen  field  for  the  openitions 
of  these  outlaws,  who  could  not  be  convicted  for  their  crimes.  By  getting  some  of 
their  number  on  the  juries,  by  producing  hosts  of  witnesses  to  sustain   their  defense  by 


CiENEHAI,    IIISTOKY    OF    ILLINOIS.  161 

perjured  evidence,  and  hj'  clianging  the  venue  from  one  county  to  another,  and  by  con- 
tinuances from  term  to  term,  the)'  nearly  always  managed  to  be  acquitted.  At  last  these 
depredations  became  too  common  for  longer  endurance  ;  patience  ceased  to  be  a  virtue, 
and  determined  desperation  seized  the  minds  of  honest  men,  and  they  resolved  that  if 
there  were  no  statute  laws  that  could  protect  them  against  the  ravages  of  thieves,  rob- 
bers and  counterfeiters,  tliey  would  protect  themselves.  It  was  a  daring  resolve,  and 
bloodily  executed. 

BURNING   OP   OGLE   COUNTY    COUBT-HOUSE. 

At  the  Spring  term  of  court,  1841,  seven  of  the  "  Pirates  of  the  Prairie,"  as  they 
were  called,  were  confined  in  the  Ogle  county  jail  to  await  trial.  Preparatory  to  hold- 
ing court,  the  judge  and  lawyers  assembled  at  Oregon  in  their  new  court-house,  which 
had  just  been  completed.  Near  it  stood  the  county  jail  in  which  were  the  prisoners. 
The  "  Pirates  "  assembled  Sunda}'  night  and  set  the  court-house  on  fire,  in  the  hope  that 
as  the  prisoners  would  have  to  be  removed  from  the  jail,  they  might,  in  the  hurry  and 
confusion  of  the  people  in  attending  to  the  fire,  make  their  escape.  The  whole  popula- 
tion were  awakened  that  dark  and  stormy  night,  to  see  their  new  court  edifice  enwrapped 
in  flames.  Although  the  building  was  entirelj'  consumed,  none  of  the  prisoners  escaped. 
Three  of  them  were  tried,  convicted  and  sent  to  the  penitentiary  for  one  year.  They 
had,  however,  contrived  to  get  one  of  their  number  on  the  jury,  who  would  not  agree  to 
a  verdict  until  threatened  to  be  lynched.  The  others  obtained  a  change  of  venue  and 
were  not  convicted,  and  finally  they  all  broke  jail  and  escaped. 

Tiius  it  was  that  the  law  was  inadequate  to  the  pi'otection  of  the  people.  The  best 
citizens  held  a  meeting  at  White  Rock  and  entered  into  a  solemn  compact  with  each 
other  to  rid  the  country  of  tlie  desperadoes  that  infested  it.  They  were  regularly  organ- 
ized and  known  as  "  Regulators."  They  resolved  to  notify  all  suspected  parties  to  leave 
the  country  within  a  given  time  ;  that  if  they  did  not  comply,  they  would  be  severel)^ 
dealt  with.  Their  first  victim  was  a  man  named  Hurl,  who  was  suspected  of  having 
stolen  his  neighbor's  horse.  He  was  ordered  to  strip,  his  hands  were  tied,  w+ien  thirty- 
six  lashes  of  a  raw-hide  were  applied  to  his  bare  back,  the  blood  following  each  stroke. 
"  He  stood  the  ordeal,"  said  an  eye  witness,  "  without  flincliing,  and  when  the  terrible 
work  was  ended,  he  remarked,  '  Now,  as  your  rage  is  satisfied,  and  to  prove  tliat  I  am 
an  honest  man,  I  will  join  your  company.' "  He  became  a  member  of  the  regulators, 
altliough  it  was  almost  certainly  known  that  before  this  castigation  his  life  had  not  been 
one  of  irrejjroachable  honesty. 

The  next  victim  was  a  man  named  Daggett,  formerly  a  Baptist  preacher.  He  was 
sentenced  to  receive  five  hundred  laslies  on  his  bare  back.  He  was  stripped,  and  all  was 
ready,  when  his  beautiful  daughter,  aged  about  sixteen  years,  rushed  into  the  midst  of  the 
men,  begging  for  mercy  for  her  father.  Her  appeals,  with  Daggett's  promise  to  leave  the 
country  immediately,  secured  his  release.  That  night,  new  crimes  having  been 
discovered,  he  was  taken  out  and  wliipped,  after  which  he  left  the  country,  never  again 
to  be  heard  from. 

The  friends  and  comrades  of  the  men  who  had  been  whipped  were  fearfully  enraged, 
and  swore  eternal  and  bloody  vengeance.  Eighty  of  them  assembled  one  night  soon 
after,  and  laid  plans  to  visit  White  Rock  and  murder  every  man,  woman  and  child  in 
that  hamlet.  They  started  on  this  bloody  mission,  but  were  prevailed  upon  by  one  of 
their  number,  whom  they  met  on  the  way,  to  disband.  Their  coming,  however,  had 
been  anticipated,  and  every  man  and  boy  in  the  town  was  armed  to  protect  himself  and 
his  family. 

MURDER   OF   JOHN   CAjrPBELL  —  THE    MURDERERS   SHOT. 

John  Campbell,  captain  of  the  "  Regulators,"  received  a  letter  from  William  Driscoll, 
filled  with  most  direful  threats  —  not  only  threatening  Campbell's  life,  but  the  life  of  any 


Ifi2  GENEHAI.   HISTOHY   OF   ILLINOIS. 

one  who  should  oppose  their  murderous,  thieving  operations.  Soon  after  the  receipt  of 
this  letter,  two  hundred  of  the  '•  Rei^^ulators  "  marched  to  DriscoH's  and  ordered  him  to 
leave  the  ectuntry  witliin  twenty  days,  but  he  refused  to  comply  with  the  order.  One 
Sunday  eveninij,  just  after  this,  Campliell  was  shot  down  in  his  own  door-yard  by  David 
Drisooll.  After  the  shootinjj  the  murderers  turned  and  started  in  a  southeast  direction, 
and,  when  they  had  prone  a  short  distance,  and  while  Mrs.  Campbell  was  standing  over 
her  lifeless  husband,  Taylor  Driscoll,  who  accompanied  David  on  his  murderous  mission, 
turned  and  aimed  his  rifle  at  tiie  grief-stricken  woman,  but  lowered  it  witiiout  firing. 

News  of  this  terrible  crime  sjjread  like  wild-fire.  The  very  air  was-  filled  with 
threats  and  vengeance,  and  nothing  but  the  lives  of  the  murderous  gang  would  pay  the 
penalt)".  Old  John  Driscoll  was  arrested  at  his  home,  was  told  to  bid  his  family  good- 
bye, and  then,  with  his  son,  went  out  to  his  death.  The  "  Regulators,"  numbering  111, 
formed  a  large  circle,  and  gave  the  Driscolls  a  fair  hearing.  They  were  found  guilty  and 
sentenced  to  be  hanged.  The  condemned  men  begged  that  the  death  sentence  be 
changed  —  that  they  might  be  shot  to  death  instead  of  "  hanged  like  dogs."  Their  re- 
quest was  granted,  and  the  Regulators  were  divided  into  two  death  divisions  —  one,  con- 
sisting of  fifty-six,  and  the  other  of  fiftj'-five.  The  first  division  was  detailed  to  the  exe- 
cution of  the  old  man,  and  the  other  to  the  execution  of  William.  The  old  man  was  led 
forth  first ;  his  eyes  were  bandaged  and  he  was  made  to  kneel  upon  the  earth  facing  his 
executioners.  The  signal  to  fire  was  given,  and  he  fell  to  the  earth  riddled  and  shattered 
to  pieces  with  the  charges  of  fifty-six  rifles. 

William's  fate  came  next.  In  the  last  hour  of  his  extremity,  abject  fear  overcame 
his  former  boldness,  and  his  hair  turned  almost  wliite.  In  a  semi-conscious  condition,  he 
was  led  forth  and  made  to  kneel  near  his  father's  lifeless  body,  when  the  discharge  from 
the  other  fifty-five  rifles  found  his  life,  and  his  body  fell  bleeding  and  quivering  by  the 
side  of  his  father. 

The  measures  thus  inaugurated  and  carried  out  freed  the  country  from  the  domina- 
tion of  outlaws,  and  rendered  secure  the  lives  and  property  of  the  honest  settlers.  But 
it  was  a  dire  result. 


THE   MORMON  WAR. 

In  April,  1810,  the  "  Latter-Day  Saints,"  or  Mormons,  came  to  Illinois  in  large  num- 
bers, and  settled  at  what  had  formerly  been  known  as  Point  Commerce,  but  which  they 
afterwards  called  Nauvoo,  in  Hancock  county.  The}'  were  induced  to  come  there  by  the 
presentation  to  Joe  Smith,  the  Prophet,  of  a  large  tract  of  land,  by  Dr.  I.  Galland,  an 
early  settler  of  Lee  county,  Iowa.  A  more  picturesque  or  beautiful  site  for  a  city  could 
not  have  been  selected.  Dr.  Galland  owned  large  tracts  of  other  lands  in  the  vicinity, 
and  altiiough  lie  professed  a  belief  in  Mornionism,  there  is  no  doubt  that  his  object  in 
giving  land  to  the  Church  of  Moimon,  was  more  with  a  view  of  benefiting  himself  in 
the  end,  than  the  Church  of  Jesus  Christ  of  Latter-Day  Saints,  for  he  was  a  shrewd,  far 
seeing  man. 

In  April,  1840,  the  ••  Latter-Day  Saints,"  or  Mormons,  came  in  large  numbers  to 
Illinois  and  purchased  a  tract  of  land  on  the  east  side  of  the  Mississippi  Viver,  about  ten 
miles  above  Keokuk.  Here  they  commenced  building  the  city  of  Nauvoo.  A  more 
picturesque  or  eligible  site  for  a  city  could  not  have  been  selected. 

Tiie  origin,  rapid  development  and  prosperity  of  this  religious  sect  are  the  most 
remarkable  and  instructive  historical  events  of  the  i)resent  century.  That  an  obscure 
individual,  without  money,  education,  or  respectability,  should  persuade  hundreds  of 
lhoiisiiii(l>  of  |)(Mi|)le  to  believe  him  insj)ired  of  God,  and  cause  a  book,  contemptible  as  a 
literary  production,  to  be  received  as  a  coulinualion  of  the  sacred  revelation,  appears 


GENERAL   HISTORY   OF   ILLINOI.S.  163 

almost  incredible  ;  3'et  in  less  than  half  a  century,  the  disciples  of  this  illiterate 
enthusiast  have  increased  to  hundreds  of  thousands  ;  have  founded  a  State  in  the  distant 
wilderness,  and  compelled  the  Government  of  the  United  States  to  practically  recognize 
them  as  an  independent  people. 

THE   FOUNDER   OF   MOEMONISM. 

The  founder  of  Mormonism  was  Joseph  Smith,  a  native  of  Vermont,  who  immigrated 
while  quite  young  with  his  father's  family  to  western  New  York.  Here  his  youth  was 
spent  in  idle,  vagabond  life,  roaming  the  woods,  dreaming  of  buried  treasures,  and  in  en- 
deavoring to  learn  the  art  of  finding  them  by  the  twisting  of  a  forked  stick  in  his  hands, 
or  by  looking  through  enchanted  stones.  Both  he  and  his  father  became  famous  as 
"  water  wizards,"  always  ready  to  point  out  the  spot  where  wells  might  be  dug  and  water 
found.  Such  was  the  character  of  the  young  profligate  when  he  made  the  acquaintance 
of  Sidney  Rigdon,  a  person  of  considerable  talent  and  inforiuation,  who  had  conceived 
the  design  of  founding  a  new  religion.  A  religious  romance,  written  by  Mr.  Spaulding, 
a  Presbyterian  preacher  of  Ohio,  then  dead,  suggested  the  idea,  and  finding  in  Smith  the 
requisite  duplicity  and  cunning  to  reduce  it  to  practice,  it  was  agreed  that  he  should  act 
as  prophet ;  and  the  two  devised  a  story  that  gold  plates  had  been  found  buried  in  the 
earth  containing  a  record  inscribed  on  them  in  unknown  characters,  which,  when 
deciphered  by  the  power  of  inspiration,  gave  the  history  of  the  ten  lost  tribes  of  Israel. 

ATTEMPT   TO   ARREST   JOE   SJHTH. 

After  their  settlement  in  and  about  Nauvoo,  in  Hancock  county,  great  depredations 
were  committed  by  them  on  the  "  Gentiles."  The  Mormons  had  been  received  from 
Missouri  with  great  kindness  by  the  people  of  this  State,  and  every  possible  aid  granted 
them.  The  depredations  committed,  however,  soon  made  them  odious,  when  the  ques- 
tion of  getting  rid  of  them  was  agitated.  In  the  Fall  of  1841,  the  Governor  of  Missouri 
made  a  demand  on  Gov.  Carlin  for  the  arrest  and  delivery  of  Joe  Smith  as  a  fugitive 
from  justice.  An  executive  warrant  issued  for  that  purpose  was  placed  in  the  hands  of 
an  agent  to  be  executed,  but  was  returned  without  being  complied  with.  Soon  after- 
ward the  Governor  handed  the  same  writ  to  his  agent,  who  this  time  succeeded  in  arrest- 
ing Joe  Smith.  He  was,  however,  discharged  by  Judge  Douglas,  upon  the  grounds  that 
the  writ  upon  which  he  had  been  arrested  had  been  once  returned  before  it  was  executed, 
and  WHS  fimctus  officio.  In  1842  Gov.  Carlin  again  issued  his  writ,  Joe  Smith  was  arrested 
again,  and  again  escaped.  Thus  it  will  be  seen  it  was  impossible  to  reach  and  punish  the 
leader  of  this  people,  who  had  been  driven  from  Missouri  because  of  their  stealing, 
murdering  and  unjust  dealing,  and  came  to  Illinois  but  to  continue  their  depredations. 
Emboldened  by  success,  the  Mormons  became  more  arrogant  and  overbearing.  Many 
people  began  to  believe  that  they  were  about  to  set  up  a  separate  government  for  them- 
selves in  defiance  of  the  laws  of  the  State.  Owners  of  property  stolen  in  other  counties 
made  pursuit  into  Nauvoo,  and  were  fined  by  the  Mormon  courts  for  daring  to  seek  their 
property  in  the  holy  city.  But  that  which  made  it  more  certain  than  any  thing  else  that 
the  Mormons  contemplated  a  separate  government,  was  that  about  this  time  they  peti- 
tioned Congress  to  establish  a  territorial  government  for  them  in  Nauvoo. 

ORIGIN  OP  POLYGAMY. 

To  crown  the  whole  folly  of  the  Mormons,  in  the  Spring  of  1844,  Joe  Smith  an- 
nounced himself  as  a  candidate  for  President  of  the  United  States,  and  many  of  his  fol- 
lowers were  confident  he  would  be  elected.  He  next  caused  himself  to  be  anointed  king 
and  priest,  and  to  give  character  to  his  pretensions,  he  declared  his  lineage  in  an  un- 
broken line  from  Joseph,  the  son  of  Jacob,  and  that  of  his  wife  from  some  other  import- 
ant  personage   of  the    ancient   Hebrews.     To  strengthen   his  political  power  he    also 


154  GENEliAL   UhSTOliV   UK   ILLINOIS. 

instituted  a  body  of  police  styled  the  "  Danite  Band,"  who  were  sworn  to  protect  his  per- 
son and  oliey  his  orders  as  the  commands  of  God.  A  female  order  previously  existing:  in 
the  church,  called  "  Spiritual  Wives,"  was  modified  so  as  to  suit  tlie  licentiousness  of  the 
prophet.  A  doctrine  was  revealed  that  it  was  impossible  for  a  woman  to  jiet  to  heaven 
except  as  the  wife  of  a  Mormon  elder;  that  each  elder  mii,dit  marry  as  many  women  as 
he  could  maintain,  and  that  any  female  mij^'ht  be  .sealed  to  eternal  life  by  becoming  their 
concubine.  Tliis  licentiousness,  the  origin  of  polygamy  in  tliat  church,  tliey  endeavored 
to  justify  by  an  appeal  to  Abraham,  Jacob  and  other  favorites  of  (iod  in  former  ages  of 
the  world. 

JOE   SMITH   AS   A   TYKANT. 

Smith  soon  began  to  play  the  tyrant  over  his  people.  Among  the  first  acts  of  this 
sort  was  an  attempt  to  take  the  wife  of  William  Law,  one  of  his  most  talented  disciples, 
and  make  lier  his  sjiiritual  wife.  He  established,  without  authority,  a  recorder's  oflBce, 
and  an  office  to  issue  marriage  licenses.  He  j^roclaimed  that  none  could  deal  in  real  es- 
tate or  sell  liquor  but  himself.  He  ordered  a  printing  office  demolished,  and  in  many 
ways  controlled  the  freedom  and  business  of  the  Mormons.  Not  onl}'  did  he  stir  up  some 
of  the  Mormons,  but  by  his  reckless  disregard  for  the  laws  of  the  land  raised  up  opposi- 
tion on  every  hand.  It  was  believed  that  he  instructed  the  Danite  Band,  which  he  had 
chosen  as  tlie  ministers  of  his  vengeance,  that  no  blood,  except  tliat  of  the  church,  was 
to  be  regarded  as  sacred,  if  it  contravened  the  accomplishment  of  liis  object.  It  was  as- 
serted that  he  inculcated  the  legality  of  perjury  and  other  crimes,  if  committed  to  ad- 
vance the  cause  of  true  believers ;  that  God  had  given  the  world  and  all  it  contained  to 
his  saints,  and  since  they  were  kept  out  of  their  rightful  inheritance  by  force,  it  was  no 
moral  offense  to  get  possession  of  it  by  stealing.  It  was  reported  tliat  an  establishment 
existed  in  Nauvoo  for  the  manufacture  of  counterfeit  money,  and  that  a  set  of  outlaws 
was  maintained  for  tiie  purpose  of  putting  it  in  circulation.  Statements  were  circulated 
to  the  effect  that  a  reward  was  offered  for  the  destruction  of  the  Warsaw  Signal,  an  anti- 
Mormon  paper,  and  tliat  Mormons  dispersed  over  the  country  threatened  all  persons  who 
offered  to  assist  the  constable  in  the  execution  of  the  law,  witii  the  destruction  of  their 
property  and  the  murder  nf  their  families.  Tliere  were  rumors  also  afloat  that  an  alli- 
ance had  been  formed  with  tlie  Western  Indians,  and  in  case  of  war  tliey  would  be  used 
in  murdering  tiicir  enemies.  In  short,  if  only  one-half  of  these  reports  were  true  the 
Mormons  must  have  been  tlie  most  infamous  people  that  ever  existed. 

MILITARY   FORCES   ASSEMHLING. 

William  Law,  one  of  the  proprietors  of  the  printing-press  destroyed  by  Smith,  went 
to  Cartilage,  tlu;  county -seat,  and  obtained  warrants  f<n-  tlie  arrest  of  Smilii  and  tlie  mem- 
bers of  tlie  City  Council,  and  otiiers  connected  witli  tiie  destruction  of  tlic  press.  Some 
of  the  parties  liaving  Ijeen  arrested,  but  discharged  by  the  autliorities  in  Nauvoo,  a  con- 
vention of  citizens  assembled  at  Cartilage  and  appointed  a  committee  to  wait  upon  the 
Governor  for  the  purpose  of  procuring  military  assistance  to  enforce  the  law.  The  Gover- 
nor visitecl  (Carthage  in  person.  Previous  to  his  arrival  the  militia  had  been  called  out 
and  armed  forces  commeneed  assembling  in  Carthage  and  Warsaw  to  enforce  the  service 
of  civil  process.  All  of  them,  however,  signified  a  willingness  to  co-operate  with  the 
Governor  in  preserving  order.  A  constable  and  ten  men  were  llien  sent  to  make  the  ar- 
rest. In  the  meantime.  Smith  declared  martial  law ;  his  followers  residing  in  the  country 
were  summoned  to  liis  assistance  ;  the  Legion  was  assembled  and  under  arms,  and  the 
entire  city  was  one  great  military  encampment. 

T!1E   SMITHS    ARRESTED. 

The  prophet,  his  brother  lliram,  the  members  of  the  City  Council  and  others,  sur- 


GENERAL   HISTORY   OP   ILLINOIS. 


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166  GKXEUAI.   fllSTOHY   OF   H.I.I N'OIR. 

rendered  themselves  at  Carthage  June  24,  1845,  on  the  charge  of  riot.  All  entered  into 
recognizance  before  a  justice  of  the  peace  to  appear  at  court,  and  were  discliargeii.  A 
new  writ,  however,  was  immediately  issued  and  served  on  the  two  Smiths,  and  both  were 
arrested  and  thrown  into  prison.  The  citizens  had  assembled  from  Hancock,  Schuyler  and 
McDonough  counties,  armed  and  ready  to  avenge  the  outrages  that  been  committed  by 
the  Mormons.  Great  excitement  prevailed  at  Carthage.  The  force  assembled  at  that 
place  amounted  to  1,200  men,  and  about  500  assembled  at  Warsaw.  Nearly  all  were 
anxious  to  march  into  Nauvoo.  This  measure  was  supposed  to  be  necessary  to  search  for 
counterfeit  money  and  the  apparatus  to  make  it,  and  also  to  strike  a  salutary  terror  into 
the  Mormon  people  by  an  exhibition  of  the  force  of  the  State,  and  tliereby  prevent  future 
outrages,  murders,  robberies,  burnings,  and  the  like.  The  27th  of  June  was  appointed 
for  tlie  march  ;  but  Gov.  Ford,  who  at  the  time  was  in  Carthage,  apprehended  trouble  if 
the  militia  should  attempt  to  invade  Nauvoo,  disbanded  the  troops,  retaining  only  a  guard 
to  the  jail. 

JOE  SMITH  AND  HIS  BROTHER  KILLED. 

Gov.  Ford  went  to  Nauvoo  on  the  27th.  The  same  morning  about  200  men  from 
Warsaw,  many  being  disguised,  hastened  to  Carthage.  On  learning  that  one  of  the 
companies  left  as  a  guard  had  disbanded,  and  the  other  stationed  150  yards  from  tlie  jail 
while  eight  men  were  left  to  guard  the  prisoners,  a  communication  was  soon  established 
between  the  Warsaw  troops  and  the  guard  ;  and  it  was  arranged  that  the  guard  sliould 
have  ilieir  guns  charged  witli  blank  cartridges  and  fire  at  the  assailants  wlien  tliey  at- 
tempted to  enter  tlie  jail.  The  conspirators  came  up,  jumped  the  fence  around  the  jail, 
were  fired  upon  by  the  guard,  which,  according  to  arrangement,  was  overpowered,  and 
the  assailants  entered  the  prison,  to  the  door  of  the  room  where  tlie  two  prisoners  were 
confined.  An  attempt  was  made  to  break  open  the  door ;  but  Joe  Smith,  being  armed 
witli  a  pistol,  fired  several  times  as  the  door  was  bursted  open,  and  three  of  tlie  assail- 
ants were  wounded.  At  the  same  time  several  shots  were  Jired  into  the  room,  by  some 
of  which  John  Taylor,  a  friend  of  the  Smiths,  received  four  wounds,  and  Hiram  Smith 
was  instantly  killed.  Joe  Smith,  severely  wounded,  attempted  to  escape  by  jumping  out 
of  a  second-story  window,  but  was  so  stunned  by  the  fall  that  he  was  unable  to  rise.  In 
this  position  he  was  dispatched  by  balls  fihot  through  his  body.  Thus  fell  Joe  Smith, 
the  most  successful  impostor  of  modern  times.  Totally  ignorant  of  almost  every  fact  in 
science,  as  well  as  in  law,  he  made  up  in  constructiveness  and  natural  cunning  whatever 
in  liini  was  wanting  of  instruction. 

CONSTERNATION  AT  QtJINCY. 

Great  consternation  prevailed  among  the  anti-Mormons  at  Carthage,  after  the  killing 
of  the  Smiths,  They  expected  the  Mormons  would  be  so  enraged  on  hearing  of  the 
death  of  their  leadei-s  that  they  would  come  down  in  a  body,  armed  and  equipped,  to 
seek  revenge  upon  the  populace  at  Carthage.  Messengers  were  dispatched  to  various 
places  for  help  in  case  of  an  attack.  The  women  and  children  were  moved  across  the 
river  n)r  safety.  A  committee  was  sent  to  Quincy,  and  early  the  following  morning,  at 
the  ringing  of  the  bells,  a  large  concourse  of  people  assembled  to  devise  means  of  de- 
fense. At  this  meeting  it  was  reported  that  the  Mormons  attempted  to  rescue  the 
Smiths  ;  that  a  party  of  Missouriaiis  and  others  had  killed  ihem  to  prevent  their  escape  ; 
that  the  Governor  and  his  party  were  at  Nauvoo  at  the  time  when  intelligence  of  the 
fact  was  brought  there  ;  that  they  had  been  attacked  by  the  Nauvoo  Legion,  and  had  re- 
treated to  a  house  where  they  were  closely  besieged  ;  that  the  (Jovernor  liail  sent  out 
word  that  he  could  inaiiitain  his  position  for  two  days,  and  would  be  certain  to  be  mas- 
sacreed  if  assistance  did  not  arrive  by  that  time.  It  is  unnecessary  to  say  that  this  en- 
tire story  was  fabricated.     It  was  put  in  circulation,  as  were  many  other  stories,  by  the 


OKNERAI.   HISTORY   OF   ILLTXOTS.  167 

viTiti-Mormons,  to  influence  the  public  mind  and  create  a  hatred  for  the  Mormons.  The 
effect  of  it,  however,  was  that  by  10  o'clock  on  the  28th,  between  two  and  three  hundred 
men  from  Quinc}',  under  command  of  Maj.  Flood,  went  on  board  a  steamboat  for  Nauvoo, 
to  assist  in  raising  the  siege,  as  they  honest!}-  believed. 

VARIOUS   DEPREDATIONS. 

It  was  thought  by  many,  and  indeed  the  circumstances  seem  to  warrant  the  conclu- 
sion, that  the  assassins  of  Smith  had  arranged  that  the  murder  should  occur  while  the 
Governor  was  in  Nauvoo  ;  that  the  Mormons  would  naturally  suppose  he  planned  it,  and 
in  the  first  outpouring  of  their  indignation  put  him  to  death,  as  a  means  of  retaliation. 
They  thought  that  if  they  could  have  the  Governor  of  the  State  assassinated  by  Mor- 
mons, the  public  excitement  would  be  greatly  increased  against  that  people,  and  would 
cause  their  extermination,  or  at  least  their  expulsion  from  the  State.  That  it  was  a 
brutal  and  premeditated  murder  can  not  be  and  is  not  denied  at  this  day;  but  the  desired 
effect  of  the  murder  was  not  attained,  as  the  Mormons  did  not  evacuate  Nauvoo  for  two 
years  afterward.  In  the  meantime,  the  excitement  and  prejudice  against  the  people  were 
not  allowed  to  die  out.  Horse-stealing  was  quite  common,  and  every  case  that  occurred 
was  charged  to  the  Mormons.  That  they  were  guilty  of  such  thefts  can  not  be  denied, 
but  a  great  deal  of  this  work  done  at  that  time  was  by  organized  bands  of  thieves,  who 
knew  they  could  carry  on  their  nefarious  business  with  more  safety,  as  long  as  suspicion 
could  be  placed  upon  the  Mormons.  In  the  Summer  and  Fall  of  1845,  there  were  several 
occurrences  of  a  nature  to  increase  the  irritation  existing  between  the  Mormons  and  their 
neighbors.  A  suit  was  instituted  in  the  United  States  Circuit  Court  against  one  of  the 
apostles,  to  recover  a  note,  and  a  marslial  sent  to  summon  the  defendant,  who  refused  to 
be  served  with  the  process.  Indignation  meetings  were  held  by  the  saints,  and  the  mar- 
shal threatened  for  attempting  to  serve  the  writ.  About  this  time  General  Denning, 
sheriff,  was  assaulted  by  an  anti-Mormon,  whom  he  killed.  Denning  was  friendly  to  the 
Mormons,  and  a  great  outburst  of  passion  was  occasioned  among  the  friends  of  the  dead 
man. 

INCENDIARISM. 

It  was  also  discovered,  in  trying  the  rights  of  property  at  Lima,  Adams  county,  that 
the  Mormons  had  an  institution  connected  with  their  church  to  secure  their  effects  from 
execution.  Incensed  at  this  and  other  actions,  the  anti-Mormons  of  Lima  and  Green 
Plains,  held  a  meeting  to  devise  means  for  the  expulsion  of  the  Mormons  from  that  part 
of  the  country.  It  was  arranged  that  a  number  of  their  own  party  should  fire  on  the 
building  in  which  they  were  assembled,  in  such  a  manner  as  not  to  injure  any  one,  and 
then  report  that  the  Mormons  had  commenced  the  work  of  plunder  and  death.  This  plot  was 
duly  executed,  and  the  startling  intelligence  soon  called  together  a  mob,  which  threatened 
the  Mormons  with  fire  and  sword  if  they  did  not  immediately^  leave.  The  Mormons 
refusing  to  depart,  the  mob  at  once  executed  their  threats  by  burning  one  hundred  and 
twenty-five  houses  and  forcing  the  inmates  to  flee  for  their  lives.  The  sheriff  of  Hancock 
county,  a  prominent  Mormon,  armed  several  hundred  Mormons  and  scoured  the  countrj', 
in  search  of  the  incendiaries,  but  they  had  fled  to  neighboring  counties,  and  he  was  una- 
ble either  to  bring  them  to  battle  or  make  any  arrests.  One  man,  however,  was  killed 
without  provocation  ;  anothA'  attempting  to  escape  was  shot  and  afterwards  hacked  and 
mutilated  ;  and  Franklin  A.  Worrell,  who  had  charge  of  the  jail  when  the  Smiths  were 
killed,  was  shot  by  some  unknown  person  concealed  in  a  thicket.  The  anti-Mormons 
committed  one  murder.  A  party  of  them  set  fire  to  a  pile  of  straw,  near  the  barn  of  an 
old  Mormon,  nearly  ninety  years  of  age,  and  when  he  appeared  to  extinguish  the  flames, 
he  was  shot  and  killed. 

The  anti-Mormons  left  their  property  exposed  in  their  hurried  retreat,  after  having 


168  OENKHAI,   HISTOUV    OK    IIXIXOIS. 

burned  the  houses  of  the  Mormons.  Those  who  had  been  burned  out  sallied  forth  from 
Nauvoo  and  phnulered  the  whole  country,  takiufj  whatever  they  could  carry  or  drive 
away.  By  order  of  the  Governor,  Gen.  Hardin  raised  a  force  of  three  hundred  and  fifty 
men,  checked  the  Mormon  rava^jes,  and  recalled  the  fugitive  anti-Mormons  home. 

MAKING    PREPAKATION   TO    LEAVE. 

At  this  time  a  convention,  consisting  of  delegates  from  eight  of  the  adjoining  coun- 
ties, assembled  to  concert  measures  for  the  expulsion  of  the  Mormons  from  the  State.  The 
Mormons  seriously  contemplated  emigration  westward,  believing  the  times  foreboded  evil 
for  them.  Accordingly,  during  the  Winter  of  184o-'4tJ,  the  most  stupendous  prepara- 
tions were  made  by  the  Mormons  for  removal.  All  the  principal  dwellings,  and  even  the 
temple,  were  converted  into  workshops,  and  before  Spring,  12.000  wagons  were  in  readi- 
ness ;  and  by  the  middle  of  February  the  leaders,  with  '2,000  of  their  followers,  had 
crossed  the  Mississippi  on  the  ice. 

Before  the  Spring  of  1S46  the  majority  of  the  Mormons  had  left  Nauvoo,  but  still  a 
large  number  remained. 

THE   BATTLE   OF   NAUYOO. 

In  Septemljer  a  writ  was  issued  against  several  prominent  Mormons,  and  placed  in 
the  hands  of  John  Carlin,  of  Carthage,  for  execution.  Carlin  calleil  out  a  posse  to  help 
make  the  arrest,  which  brought  together  quite  a  large  force  in  the  neighborhood  of  Nau- 
voo. Carlin,  not  being  a  military  man,  placed  in  command  of  the  posse,  first.  Gen.  Sin- 
gleton, and  afterward  Col.  Brockman,  who  proceeded  to  invest  the  city,  erecting  breast- 
works, and  taking  other  means  for  defensive  as  well  as  offensive  operations.  What  wiis 
then  termed  a  battle  next  took  place,  resulting  in  the  death  of  one  Mormon  and  the 
wounding  of  several  otiiers,  ant!  loss  to  tiie  anti-Mormons  of  three  killed  and  four 
wounded.  At  last,  through  tiie  intervention  of  an  anti-Mormon  committee  of  one  hun- 
dred, from  Quincy,  the  Mormons  and  their  allies  were  induced  to  submit  to  such  terms  as 
the  posse  chose  to  dictate,  which  were  that  the  Mormons  should  immediately  give  up 
their  arms  to  the  Quincy  conunittee,  and  remove  from  the  State.  The  trustees  of  the 
church  and  five  of  their  clerks  were  jjcrmitted  to  remain  for  the  sale  of  .Mormon  propi-rtv, 
and  the  posse  were  to  march  in  unmolested,  and  leave  a  sufficient  force  to  guarantee  the 
performance  of  their  stipulations.  Accordingly,  the  constable's  posse  marched  in  with 
Brockman  at  their  head.  It  consisted  of  about  800  armed  men  and  GOO  or  700  unarmed, 
who  had  assembled  from  all  the  country  around,  through  motives  of  curiosity,  to  see  the 
once  jiroud  city  of  Nauvoo  humbled  and  delivered  up  to  its  enemies.  Tliev  proceetled 
into  tlie  city  slowly  and  carefullj',  exaniing  tiie  way  for  fear  of  the  explosion  of  a  mine, 
many  of  wliicii  liad  been  iiKide  by  the  Mormons,  by  l)urviiig  kegs  of  pfiwder  in  tlie  gi\)Uiid, 
with  a  man  stationed  at  a  ilistance  to  pull  a  string  coinniuiiicating  with  the  trigger  of  a 
percussion  lock  affixed  to  the  keg.  This  kind  of  a  contrivance  was  called  by  the  Mor- 
mons "  hell's  half-acre."  When  the  posse  arrived  in  the  city,  the  leaders  of  it  erected 
themselves  into  a  triliunal  to  flecide  wlio  should  be  forced  away  and  who  remain.  I'arties 
were  disiiatched  to  hunt  for  (iie-aniis,  and  for  .Mt)rinons,  and  to  bring  them  to  JMilLTnient. 
When  l)roiighl,  tliey  received  their  doom  from  the  inouth  of  Hrockmaii,  who  sat  a  grim 
and  unawed  tyrant  for  the  time.  As  a  general  rule,  the  .Mormons  were  ordered  to  leave 
within  an  hour  or  two ;  and  iiy  rare  grace  some  of  them  wwre  allowed  until  next  dav.  and 
in  a  few  cases  longer  time  was  granted. 

.maltkeatmi;nt  ok  nkw  citizens. 

Nothing  was  said  in  the  treaty  in  regard  to  the  new  citizens,  who  had  with  the  Mor- 
mons defended  the  city;  but  the  posse  no  sooner  had  obtained  possession  than  they  com- 
menced expelling  them.    Some  of  them  were  duckiMJ  in  the  river,  and  were  in  one  or  two 


GENERAL   HISTORY   OF   ILMNOIS. 


169 


170  OEXEHAL   HISTOKY   OF   IF.LIXOIS. 

instances  actually  baptized  in  the  name  of  some  of  the  leaders  of  the  mob ;  others  were 
forcibly  driven  into  the  ferry-boats  to  be  taken  over  the  river  before  the  bayonets  of 
armed  riifl5ans.  Many  of  tliese  new  settlers  were  strangers  in  the  country  from  various 
parts  of  the  United  States,  who  were  attracted  there  by  the  low  price  of  property ;  and 
they  knew  but  little  of  previous  difficulties  or  the  merits  of  the  quarrel.  Thevsaw  with 
their  own  eyes  that  the  Mormons  were  industriously  preparing  to  go  away,  and  they 
knew  "  of  their  own  knowledge"  that  any  effort  to  expel  them  b}'  force  was  gratuitous 
and  unnecessary  cruelty.  They  had  been  trained,  by  the  States  whence  they  came,  to 
abhor  mobs  and  to  obey  the  law,  and  they  volunteered  their  services  under  executive 
authority  to  defend  their  town  and  their  propertj'  against  mol)  violence,  and,  as  they 
honestly  believed,  from  destruction  ;  but  in  this  they  were  partly  mistaken  ;  for  although 
mob  leaders  in  the  exercise  of  uul)ridled  power  were  guilty  of  many  injuries  to  tlie  per- 
sons of  individuals,  although  much  personal  property  was  stolen,  yet  they  abstained  from 
materially  injuring  houses  and  buildings. 

THE  MOKMONS   BEACH   SALT   I^KE. 

The  fugitives  proceeded  westward,  taking  the  road  through  Missouri,  but  having 
been  once  forcibly  ejected  from  that  State,  they  were  compelled  to  move  indirectly  through 
Iowa.  After  innumerable  hardships  the  advance  guard  reached  the  Missouri  river  at 
Council  Bluffs,  when  a  United  States  officer  presented  a  requisition  for  oOO  men  to  serve 
in  the  war  witli  Mexico.  Compliance  with  this  order  so  diminished  their  number  of 
effective  men,  that  the  expedition  was  again  delayed,  and  the  remainder,  consisting  mostly 
of  old  men,  women  and  children,  hastily  prepared  habitations  for  Winter.  Their  rudely 
constructed  tents  were  hardly  completed  before  Winter  set  in  with  great  severity,  the 
bleak  prairies  being  incessantly  swept  by  piercing  winds.  While  here  cholera,  fever  and 
other  diseases,  aggravated  by  the  previous  hardships,  the  want  of  comfortable  quarters 
and  medical  treatment,  hurried  many  of  them  to  premature  graves,  yet,  under  the  influ- 
ence of  religious  fervor  and  fanaticism,  they  looked  death  in  the  face  with  resignation 
and  cheerfulness,  and  even  exhibited  a  gayety  wliicli  manifested  itself  in  music  and  danc- 
ing during  the  saddest  hours  of  this  sad  Winter. 

At  length  welcome  Spring  made  its  appearance,  and  by  April  they  were  again  organ- 
ized for  the  journe}'.  A  pioneer  party,  consisting  of  Brigham  Young  and  one  hundred 
and  forty  others,  was  sent  in  advance  to  locate  a  home  for  the  colonists.  On  the  21st  of 
July,  1847,  a  day  memorable  in  Mormon  annals,  tlie  vanguard  reached  the  valley  of  the 
Great  Salt  Lake,  having  been  directed  thither,  according  to  their  accounts,  by  the  hand 
of  the  Almighty.  Here  in  a  distant  wilderness,  midway  between  the  settlements  of  the 
East  and  the  Pacific,  and  at  that  time  a  tliousand  miles  from  the  utmost  verge  of  civili- 
zation, they  commenced  preparations  for  founding  a  colony,  which  has  since  grown  into 
a  mighty  empire. 


GENERAL   HtSTOliY   OF   ILLTXOTS.  171 

CHAPTER  XIII. 

ILLINOIS     AND     THE     MEXICAN     WAR. 

In  the  month  of  May,  1846,  President  Polk  called  for  four  regiments  of  volunteers 
for  the  Mexican  War.  This  was  no  sooner  known  in  the  State  than  nine  regiments, 
numbering  8,370  men  answered  the  call,  altliough  onlj'  four  of  the  regiments,  number- 
ing 3,720  men,  could  be  accepted.  These  regiments,  as  well  as  their  officers,  were 
everywhere  among  the  foremost  in  the  American  ranks,  and  distinguished  themselves 
by  their  matchless  valor  in  the  bloodiest  battles  of  the  war.  Veterans  never  fought  more 
nobly  and  effectively  than  did  the  voluuteers  from  Illinois.  At  the  bloody  battle  of  Buena 
Vista  they  crowned  their  lives — many  their  death  —  with  the  laurels  of  war.  Never 
did  armies  contend  more  bravely,  determinedly  and  stubbornlj^  than  the  American  and 
Mexican  forces  at  this  famous  battle  ;  and  as  Illinois  troops  were  ever  in  the  van  and  on 
the  bloodiest  portions  of  the  field,  we  believe  a  short  sketch  of  the  part  they  took  in  the 
fierce  contest  is  due  them,  and  will  be  read  with  no  little  interest. 

BATTLE   OF   BTJENA   VISTA. 

General  Santa  Anna,  with  his  army  of  20,000,  poured  into  the  vallej'  of  Aqua 
Nueva  early  on  the  morning  of  the  22d  of  February,  hoping  to  surprise  our  army,  con- 
sisting of  about  5,000  men,  under  Gen.  Taylor  and  which  had  retreated  to  the  "Nar- 
rows." They  were  hotly  pursued  by  the  Mexicans  who,  before  attacking,  sent  General 
Taylor  a  flag  of  truce  demanding  a  siirrendei',  and  assuring  him  that  if  he  refused  lie 
would  be  cut  to  pieces ;  but  the  demand  was  promptly  refused.  At  this  the  enemy 
opened  fire,  and  tlie  conflict  began.  In  honor  of  the  day  the  watchword  with  our  sol- 
diers was,  "  The  memory  of  Washington."  An  irregular  fire  was  kept  up  all  day,  and 
at  night  both  armies  bivouacked  on  the  field,  resting  on  their  arms.  Santa  Anna  that 
night  made  a  spirited  address  to  his  men,  and  the  stirring  strains  of  his  own  band  till 
late  in  the  night  were  distinctly  heard  by  our  troops;  but  at  last  silence  fell  over  the 
hosts  that  were  to  contend  unto  death  in  that  narrow  pass  on  the  morrow. 

Early  on  the  following  morning  tiie  battle  was  resumed,  and  continued  without  in- 
termission until  nightfall.  The  solid  columns  of  the  enemy  were  hurled  against  our 
forces  all  day  long,  but  were  met  and  held  in  check  by  the  unerring  fire  of  our  musketry 
and  artillery.  A  portion  of  Gen.  Lane's  division  was  driven  back  by  the  enemy  under 
Gen.  Lombardini,  who,  joined  by  Gen.  Pacheco's  division,  poured  upon  the  ±ain  plateau 
in  so  formidable  numbers  as  to  appear  irresistible. 

BRAVERY   OF   THE   SECOND   ILLINOIS. 

At  this  time  the  2d  Illinois,  under  Col.  Bissell,  with  a  squadron  of  cavalry  and  a  few 
pieces  of  artillery  came  handsomely  into  action  and  gallantly  received  the  concentrated 
fire  of  the  enemy,  which  they  returned  with  deliberate  aim  and  terrible  effect ;  every 
discharge  of  the  artillery  seemed  to  tear  a  bloody  path  througji  the  heavy  columns, of  the 
enemy.  Says  a  writer :  "  The  rapid  musketrj'  of  the  gallant  troops  from  Illinois  poured 
a  storm  of  lead  into  their  serried  ranks,  which  literallj'  strewed  the  ground  with  the 
dead  and  dying."  But,  notwithstanding  his  losses,  the  enemy  steadil}^  advanced  until 
our  gallant  regiment  received  fire  from  three  sides.  Still  they  maintained  their  position 
for  a  time  with  unflinching  firmness  against  that  immense  host.  At  length,  perceiving 
the  danger  of  being  entirely  surrounded,  it  was  determined  to  fall  back  to  a  ravine.  Col. 
Bissell,  with  the  coolness  of  ordinary  drill,  ordered  the  signal  "cease  firing"  to  be  made  ; 


172  r.KNKHAl,   HISTORY    OF    ILLINOIS 

he  then  with  the  same  deliberation  gave  the  command,  "  Face  to  the  rear,  battalion, 
about  face ;  forward  march,"  which  was  executed  with  the  regularity  of  veterans  to  a 
point  beyond  the  peril  of  being  outflauked.  Again,  in  obedience  to  command  these 
brave  men  lialted,  faced  about,  and  under  a  murderous  tempest  of  bullets  from  the  foe, 
resumed  their  well-directed  fire.  The  conduct  of  no  troops  could  have  been  more  ad- 
mirable ;  and,  too,  until  that  day  they  had  never  been  under  fire,  when,  within  less  than 
half  an  hour  eighty  of  their  comrades  dropped  b\'  their  sides.  How  different  from  the 
Arkansas  regiment,  which  were  ordered  to  the  plateau,  but  after  delivering  their  first 
volley  gave  way  and  dispersed. 

SADDEST   EVENT  OF  THE   BATTLE. 

But  now  we  have  to  relate  the  saddest,  and,  for  Illinois,  the  most  mournful,  event 
of  that  battle-worn  day.  We  take  the  account  from  Collon's  History  of  the  battle  of 
Buena  Vista.  "  As  the  enemy  on  our  left  was  moving  in  retreat  along  the  head  of  the 
plateau,  our  artillery  was  advanced  until  within  range,  and  opened  a  heavy  fire  upon 
him,  while  Cols.  Hardin,  IJissell  and  McKce,  with  their  Illinois  and  Kentucky  troops, 
dashed  gallantly  forward  in  hot  pursuit.  A  powerful  reserve  of  the  Mexican  army  was 
then  just  emerging  from  the  ravine,  where  it  had  been  organized,  and  advanced  on  the 
plateau,  opposite  the  head  of  the  southernmost  gorge.  Those  who  were  giving  way 
rallied  quickly  upon  it;  when  the  whole  force,  thus  increased  to  over  12,000  men,  came 
forward  in  a  perfect  blaze  of  fire.  It  wiis  a  single  column,  composed  of  the  best  soldiers 
of  the  repulilic.  having  for  its  advanced  battalions  the  veteran  regiments.  The 
Kentucky  and  Illinois  troops  were  soon  obliged  to  give  ground  before  it 
and  seek  the  shelter  (jf  the  second  gorge.  The  enemy  passed  on,  arriving  op- 
posite the  head  of  tlie  second  gorge.  One-half  of  the  column  suddenly  en- 
veloped it,  while  the  other  half  pressed  on  across  the  plateau,  having  for  the 
moment  notliing  to  resist  them  but  the  three  guns  in  their  front.  The  portion 
that  was  immediately  opposed  to  the  Kentucky  and  Illinois  troops,  ran  down  along  each 
side  of  the  gorge,  in  which  they  sought  shelter,  and  also  circled  around  its  head,  leaving 
no  possible  waj'  of  escape  for  them  except  by  its  mouth,  which  opened  upon  the  road. 
Its  sides,  which  were  steep — at  least  an  angle  of  4')  degrees — were  covered  with  loose 
pebbles  and  stones,  and  converged  to  a  point  at  the  bottom.  Down  there  were  our  poor 
fellows,  nearly  three  regiments  of  them  (1st  and  2d  Illinois  and  2d  Kentucky)  with  but 
little  opportunity  to  load  or  fire  a  gun,  being  hardly  able  to  keep  their  feet.  Above  the 
whole  edge  of  the  gorge,  all  the  way  around,  was  darkened  by  the  serried  masses  of  the 
enemy,  and  was  bristling  with  muskets  directed  on  the  crowd  beneath.  It  was  no  time 
to  pause.  Those  who  were  not  immediately  shot  down  rushed  on  toward  the  road,  their 
nuinl)er  growing  less  and  less  as  they  went,  Kentuckians  and  Illinoisans,  oflScers  and 
men,  all  mixe(f  up  in  confusion,  and  all  pressing  on  over  the  loose  i)ebbles  and  rolling 
stones  of  thosi'  shelving,  precipitous  banks,  and  having  lines  and  lines  of  the  enemy  firing 
down  from  each  side  and  rear  as  they  went.  Just  then  the  enemy's  cavalry,  which  had 
gone  to  the  left  of  the  reserve,  had  come  over  the  spur  that  divided  the  mouth  of  the 
second  g<uge  from  that  of  the  third,  and  were  now  closing  up  the  oidy  door  through 
which  tiicre  was  tlie  least  shadow  of  a  chance  for  their  lives.  Many  of  those  ahead  en- 
deavored to  force  their  way  out,  but  few  succeeded.  Tiie  lancers  were  fully  six  to  one, 
and  their  long  wea])ons  were  already  reeking  with  blood.  It  was  at  tliis  time  that  those 
who  were  still  back  in  that  dreadful  gorge  heard,  above  the  din  of  the  musketry  ami  tiie 
shouts  of  the  enemy  around  them,  the  roar  of  Washington's  Battery.  No  music  could 
have  been  more  grateful  to  their  ears.  A  moment  only,  and  the  whole  opening,  where 
the  lancers  were  busy,  rang  with  the  repeated  explosions  of  s|)herical-civse  shot.  They  gave 
way.  The  gate,  as  it  were,  was  clear,  and  out  upon  the  road  a  stream  of  our  |>oor  fellows 
issued.     They  ran  panting  down  toward  the  battery,  and  directly  under  the  tlighlof  iron 


GENERAL    [TISTOHY   OF   ILLINOIS.  I73 

then  passing  over  their  heads,  into  the  retreating  cavah-y.  Hardin,  McKee,  Clay,  Willis, 
Zabriskie,  Houghton  —  but  why  go  on  ?  It  would  be  a  sad  task  indeed  to  name  over  all 
who  fell  during  this  twenty  minutes'  slaughter.  The  whole  gorge,  from  the  plateau  to 
its  mouth,  was  strewed  witli  our  dead.  All  dead  !  No  wounded  there  —  not  a  man  ;  for 
the  infantry  had  rushed  down  the  sides  and  completed  the  work  with  the  ba3'onet." 

VICTORY   FOR   OUR   ARMY. 

The  artillery  on  the  plateau  stubbornly  maintained  its  position.  The  remnants  of 
the  1st  and  2d  Illinois  regiments,  after  issuing  from  the  fated  gorge,  were  formed  and 
again  brought  into  action,  the  former,  after  the  fall  of  the  noble  Hardin,  under  Lieut. 
Col.  Weatlierford,  the  latter  under  Bissell.  The  enemy  brought  forth  reinforcements 
and  a  bri.sk  artillery  duel  was  kept  up  ;  but  gradually,  as  the  shades  of  night  began  to 
cover  the  earth,  the  rattle  of  musketry  slackened,  and  when  the  pall  of  night  was  thrown 
over  that  bloody  field,  it  ceased  altogether.  Each  army,  after  the  fierce  and  long  strug- 
gle, occupied  much  the  same  position  as  it  did  in  the  morning.  However,  early  on  the 
following  morning,  the  glad  tidings  were  heralded  amidst  our  army  that  the  enemy  had 
retreated,  thus  again  crowning  the  American  banners  with  victory. 

OTHER   HONORED   NAMES    OF   THIS    WAR. 

Other  bright  names  from  Illinois  that  shine  as  stars  in  this  war  are  those  of  Shields, 
Baker,  Harris,  and  Coffee,  which  are  indissolubly  connected  with  the  glorious  capture  of 
Vera  Cruz  and  the  not  less  famous  storming  of  Cerro  Gordo.  In  this  latter  action,  when, 
after  the  valiant  Gen.  Shields  had  l)een  placed  hors  de  combat,  the  command  of  his  force, 
consisting  of  three  regiments,  developed  upon  Col.  Baker.  This  officer,  with  his  men, 
stormed  with  unheard-of  prowess  tlie  last  stronghold  of  the  Mexicans,  sweeping  every- 
thing before  them.  Such  indeed  were  the  intrepid  valor  and  daring  courage  exhibited 
by  Illinois  volunteers  during  the  Mexican  war  that  their  deeds  should  live  in  the  memory 
of  their  countrymen  until  those  latest  times  when  the  very  name  of  America  shall  have 
been  forgotten. 


CHAPTER    XIV. 

THE    WAR     FOR    THE     UNION. 

Presidential  Campaign  of  i860 — Lincoln  and  tlie  Presidency — An  Eagle's  Quill  from  Knox  County  —  Lincoln's 
Inaugural  Message  —  Southern  States  Resolve  to  Secede  — Fall  of  Fort  Sumter — Call  for  Troops —  The  Call 
Promptly  Answered — lUinoisans  in  the  P'ront  —  General  Summary  —  Capture  of  the  St.  Louis  Arsenal  —  Liber- 
ality and  Patriotism  —  Messages  of  Love  and  Encouragement  —  Sherman's  March  to  the  Sea  —  Character  of 
Abraham  Lincoln  —  Triumph  of  Freedom — The  Union  Maintained  —  The  "  Prairie  State  "  Boys  in  Blue  —  A 
Glorious  Record  —  Death  of  Lincoln  —  Schedule  Tables  of  Volunteer  Troops  organized  in  the  State  for  the 
Great  Rebellion. 

On  the  fourth  day  of  March,  1861,  after  the  most  exciting  and  momentous  political 
campaign  known  in  the  history  of  this  country,  Abraham  Lincoln  —  America's  martyred 
President  —  was  inaugurated  Chief  Magistrate  of  the  United  States.  This  fierce  contest 
was  principally  sectional,  and  as  the  announcement  was  flashed  over  the  telegraph  wires 
that  the  Republican  Presidential  candidate  had  been  elected,  it  was  hailed  by  the  South 
as  a  justifiable  pretext  for  dissolving  the  Union.  Said  Jefferson  Davis  in  a  speech  at 
Jackson,  Miss.,  prior  to  the  election,  "  If  an  abolitionist  be  chosen  President  of  the  United 
States  you  will  have  presented  to  you  the  question  whether  you  will  permit  the  govern- 
ment to  pass  into  the  hands  of  your  avowed  and  implacable  enemies.     Without  pausing 


174  OKNERAF.    HISTORY   OF   II.MXOIS. 

for  an  answer,  I  will  state  my  own  position  to  be  that  such  a  result  would  be  a  species  of 
revolution  by  which  the  purpose  of  the  Government  would  be  destroyed,  and  the  obser- 
vances of  its  mere  forms  entitled  to  no  respect.  In  tliat  event,  in  such  a  manner  a*  should 
be  most  expedient,  I  should  deem  it  your  dut)'  to  provide  for  your  safety  outside  of  the 
Union."  Said  another  Southern  politician,  when  speaking  on  the  same  subject,  "We  shall 
fire  the  Southern  heart,  instruct  the  Soutliern  mind,  give  courage  to  each,  and  at  the 
proper  moment,  by  one  organized,  concerted  action,  we  can  precipitate  the  Cotton  States 
into  a  revolution."  To  disrupt  the  Union  and  form  a  government  which  recognized  the 
absolute  supremacy  of  the  white  population  and  the  perjietual  bondage  of  the  black  was 
what  they  deemed  freedom  from  the  galling  yoke  of  Republican  administration. 

ABRAHAM    LINCOLN   DID   NOT  SEEK   THE   PRESIDENCY. 

Hon.  R.  W.  Miles,  of  Knox  county,  sat  on  the  floor  by  the  side  of  Abraham  Lincoln 
in  the  library  room  of  the  Capitol,  in  Springfield,  at  the  secret  caucus  meeting,  held  in 
January.  1859.  when  Mr.  Lincoln's  name  was  first  spoken  of  in  caucus  as  a  candidate  for 
President.  When  a  gentleman,  in  making  a  short  speech,  said,  "We  are  going  to  bring 
Abraham  Lincoln  out  as  a  candidate  for  President,"  Mr.  Lincoln  at  once  arose  to  his  feet, 
and  exclaimed,  "  For  God's  sake,  let  me  alone  I  I  have  suffered  enough  I  "  This  was  soon 
after  he  had  been  defeated  in  the  Legislature  for  United  States  Senator  by  Stephen  A. 
Douglas,  and  only  those  who  are  intimate  with  that  important  and  unparalleled  contest 
can  appreciate  the  full  force  and  meaning  of  these  expressive  words  of  the  martyred  Presi- 
dent. They  were  spontaneous,  and  prove  beyond  a  shadow  of  doubt  that  Abraham  Lin- 
coln did  not  seek  the  high  position  of  President.  Nor  did  he  use  any  trickery  or  chica- 
nery to  obtain  it.  But  his  express  wish  was  not  to  be  complied  with  ;  our  beloved 
country  needed  a  savior  and  a  martyr,  and  Fate  had  decreed  that  he  should  be  the  victim. 
After  Air.  Lincoln  was  elected  President.  Mr.  .Miles  sent  him  an  eagle's  quill,  with  which 
the  chief  magistrate  wrote  his  first  inaugural  address.  The  letter  written  b^-  Mr  Miles 
to  the  President,  and  sent  with  the  quill,  which  was  two  feet  in  length,  is  such  a  jewel  of 
eloquence  and  prophecy  that  it  should  be  given  a  place  in  history : 

Pkrsikkr,   December  21,  i860. 
Hon.  a.  I.inxoln  : 

Dear  Sir  : —  Please  accept  the  eagle  quill  I  promised  you,  by  the  liaiid  of  our  Representative,  A.  A.  Smith. 
The  bin!  from  whose  wing  the  (juill  was  t.iken,  was  shot  by  John  V.  Dillon,  in  Persifer  township,  Knox  county,  Illi- 
nois, in  February,  1857.  Having  heard  that  James  Huchanan  was  furni>lied  with  an  eagle  quill  to  write  his  inaugural 
with,  and  Iwlicving  that  in  i860  a  Republican  would  be  elected  to  lake  hi>  place,  I  determined  to  save  this  quill  and 
present  it  to  the  fortunate  man,  whoever  he  might  be.  Reports  tell  us  that  the  bird  which  furnished  Buchanan's  quill 
was  a  captured  bird  —  fit  emblem  of  the  man  that  used  it ;  but  the  bird  from  which  this  ijuill  was  taken,  yielded  the 
quill  only  with  his  life —  tit  emblem  of  the  man  who  is  expected  to  use  it,  for  true  Republicans  believe  that  you  would 
not  think  life  worth  the  keeping  after  the  surrender  of  principle.  Great  difTiculties  surround  you  :  traitors  to  their 
country  have  threatened  your  life  ;  and  should  you  be  called  upon  to  surrender  it  at  the  p»»i  of  duty,  your  memory 
will  live  forever  in  the  heart  of  every  freeman  ;  and  that  is  a  grander  monument  than  can  be  built  of  brick  or  marble. 

"  For  if  hearts  may  not  our  memories  keep. 
Oblivion  haste  each  vestige  sweep, 
And  let  our  memories  end." 

Yours  Truly,  R.   W.   Mii.es, 

STATE.'?   .«?ECEDTNr.. 

At  the  titni!  of  President  Lincoln's  accession  to  power,  several  members  of  the  Union 
claimed  they  had  withdrawn  from  it,  and  styling  themselves  the  "Confederate  States  of 
America,"  organizetl  a  separate  government.  The  house  was  indeed  divided  against  it- 
self, hut  it  shoultl  not  fall,  nor  should  it  long  continue  divided,  wa,s  the  hearty,  ileter- 
mined  response  of  every  loviil  heart  in  the  nation.  The  accursed  institution  of  human 
slavery  was  the  primary  cause  for  titis  dissolution  of  the  Anicrican  Union.  Doulitb>ss 
other  agencieti  served  to  intensify  the  hostile  feelings  which  existed  between  the  northern 


GENERAL   HISTORY   OF   ILLINOIS.  175 

and  southern  portions  of  our  country,  but  their  remote  origin  could  be  traced  to  this  great 
national  evil.  Had  Lincoln's  predecessor  put  forth  a  timely,  energetic  effort,  he  might 
have  prevented  the  bloody  war  our  nation  was  called  to  pass  through.  On  the  other 
hand  every  aid  was  given  the  rebels ;  every  advantage  and  all  the  power  of  the  Govern- 
ment was  placed  at  their  disposal,  and  when  Illinois'  honest  son  took  the  reins  of  the  Re- 
public he  found  Buchanan  had  been  a  traitor  to  his  trust,  and  given  over  to  the  South  all 
available  means  of  war. 

THE  FALL  OF    SUMTER. 

On  the  12th  day  of  April,  1861,  the  rebels,  who  for  weeks  had  been  erecting  their 
batteries  upon  the  shore,  after  demanding  of  Major  Anderson  a  surrender,  opened  fire 
upon  Fort  Sumter.  For  thirty-four  hours  an  incessant  cannonading  was  continued  ;  the 
fort  was  being  seriously  injured  ;  provisions  were  almost  gone,  and  Major  Anderson  was 
compelled  to  haul  down  the  stai's  and  stripes.  That  dear  old  flag  which  had  seldom  been 
lowered  to  a  foreign  foe  by  rebel  hands  was  now  trailed  in  the  dust.  The  first  blow  of 
the  terrible  conflict  which  summoned  vast  armies  into  the  field,  and  moistened  the  soil 
of  a  nation  in  fraternal  blood  and  tears,  had  been  struck.  The  gauntlet  thus  thrown 
down  by  the  attack  on  Sumter  by  the  traitors  of  the  South  was  accejited  —  not,  however, 
in  the  spirit  with  which  insolence  meets  insolence  —  but  with  a  firm,  determined  spirit  of 
patriotism  and  love  of  country.  The  duty  of  the  President  was  plain  under  the  consti- 
tution and  the  laws,  and  above  and  beyond  all,  the  people  from  whom  all  political  power 
is  derived,  demanded  the  suppression  of  the  Rebellion,  and  stood  ready  to  sustain  the 
authority  of  their  representative  and  executive  officers.  Promptly  did  the  new  Presi- 
dent issue  a  proclamation  calling  for  his  countr3-men  to  join  with  him  to  defend  their 
homes  and  their  country,  and  vindicate  her  honor.  This  call  was  made  April  14,  two 
days  after  Sumter  was  first  fired  upon,  and  was  for  75,000  men.  On  the  15th,  the  same 
day  he  was  notified.  Gov.  Yates  issued  his  proclamation  convening  the  Legislature.  He 
also  ordered  the  organization  of  six  regiments.  Troops  were  in  abundance,  and  the  call 
was  no  sooner  made  than  filled.  Patriotism  thrilled  and  vibrated  and  pulsated  through 
every  heart.  The  farm,  the  work  shop,  the  office,  the  pulpit,  the  bar,  the  bench,  the 
college,  the  school-house  —  every  calling  offered  its  best  men,  their  lives  and  their  for- 
tunes, in  defense  of  the  Government's  honor  and  unity.  Bitter  words  spoken  in  mo- 
ments of  political  heat  were  forgotten  and  forgiven,  and  joining  hands  in  a  common 
cause,  they  repeated  the  oath  of  America's  soldier-statesman :  "  By  the  Great  Eternal, 
the  Unionmust  and  shall  be  preserved.''  The  honor,  the  very  life  and  glory  of  the  nation 
was  committed  to  the  stern  arbitrament  of  the  sword,  and  soon  the  tramp  of  armed  men, 
the  clash  of  musketry  and  the  heav}-  boom  of  artillery  reverberated  throughout  the  con- 
tinent ;  rivers  of  blood  saddened  by  tears  of  mothers,  wives,  sisters,  daughters  and 
sweethearts  flowed  from  the  lakes  to  the  gulf,  but  a  nation  was  saved.  The  sacrifice  was 
great,  but  the  Union  was  preserved. 

CALL  FOR  TROOPS  PROMPTLY  ANSWERED. 

Simultaneously  with  the  call  for  troops  by  the  President,  enlistments  commenced  in 
this  State,  and  within  ten  days  10,000  volunteers  offered  service,  and  the  sum  of 
•11,000,000  was  tendered  by  patriotic  citizens.  Of  the  volunteers  who  offered  their  ser- 
vices, only  six  regiments  could  be  accepted  under  the  quota  of  the  State.  But  the  time 
soon  came  when  there  was  a  place  and  a  musket  for  every  man.  The  six  regiments 
raised  were  designated  by  numbers  commencing  with  seven,  as  a  mark  of  respect  for  the 
six  regiments  which  had  served  in  the  Mexican  war.  Another  call  was  anticipated,  and 
the  Legislature  authorized  ten  additional  regiments  to  be  organized.  Over  two  hundred 
companies  were  immediately  raised  from  which  were  selected  the  required  number.  No 
sooner  was  this  done  than  the  President  made  another  call  for  troops,  six  regiments  were 


176  GENERAL   HISTORY  OF   ILLINOIS 

again  our  proportion,  although  by  earnest  solicitation  the  remaining  four  were  accepted. 
There  were  a  large  number  of  men  with  a  patriotic  desire  to  enter  the  service  who  were 
denied  this  privilege.  Many  of  them  wept,  while  others  joined  regiments  from  other 
States.  In  May,  June  and  July  seventeen  regiments  of  infantry  and  five  of  cavalry-  were 
raised,  and  in  the  latter  month,  when  the  President  issued  his  first  call  for  oOO,000  vol- 
unteers, Illinois  tendered  thirteen  regiments  of  infantry  and  three  of  cavalry,  and  so 
anxious  were  her  sons  to  have  the  Rebellion  crushed  that  the  number  could  have  been 
increased  by  thousands.  At  the  close  of  1861  Illinois  had  sent  to  the  field  nearly  50,000 
men,  and  had  17,000  in  camp  awaiting  marching  orders,  thus  exceeding  her  full  quota  by 
15,000. 

A    VA.ST    ARMY    RAISED    IN    ELEVEN    DAYS. 

In  July  and  August  of  1862  the  President  called  for  600,000  men  —  our  quota  of 
which  was  52,296  —  and  gave  until  August  18  as  the  limits  in  which  the  number  might 
be  raised  by  volunteering,  after  which  a  draft  would  \>e  ordered.  The  State  had  already 
furnished  17.000  in  excess  of  iier  quota,  and  it  was  finst  thought  this  nunil)er  would  be 
deducted  from  the  present  requisition,  but  that  could  not  be  done.  But  thirteen  days 
were  granted  to  enlist  this  vast  army,  which  had  to  come  from  the  farmers  and  mechanics. 
The  former  were  in  the  midst  of  harvest,  but,  insjjired  by  love  of  country,  over  50,000  of 
them  left  their  harvests  ungathered,  their  tools  and  their  benches,  the  plows  in  their 
furrows,  turning  their  backs  on  tlieir  homes,  and  before  eleven  daj^s  had  expired  the  de- 
mands of  the  government  were  met  and  both  quotas  filled. 

The  war  went  on,  and  call  followed  call,  until  it  began  to  look  as  if  there  would  not 
be  men  enough  in  all  the  Free  States  to  crush  out  and  subdue  the  monstrous  war  traitors 
had  inaugurated.  But  to  ever\'  call  for  either  men  or  money  there  was  a  willing  and 
ready  response.  And  it  is  a  boast  of  tlic  people  that,  had  the  sujjply  of  men  fallen  short, 
there  were  women  brave  enough,  daring  enough,  patriotic  enough,  to  have  offered  them- 
selves as  sacrifices  on  their  country's  altar.  On  the  21st  of  December,  1864,  the  last  call 
for  troops  was  made.  It  was  for  300,000.  In  consequence  of  an  imperfect  enrollment  of 
the  men  subject  to  military  duty,  it  became  evident,  ere  this  call  was  made,  that  Illinois 
was  furnishing  thousands  of  men  more  than  what  her  quota  would  have  been,  had  it  been 
correct.  So  glaring  had  this  disprojiortion  liecoine.  that  under  tliis  call  the  quota  of  some 
districts  exceeded  the  number  of  able-bodied  men  in  them. 

A   GENERAL   SUMMAKY. 

Following  this  sketch  we  give  a  schedule  of  all  tiie  volunteer  troops  organized  from 
this  State,  from  the  commencement  to  the  close  of  the  war.  It  is  taken  from  the 
Adjutant  General's  report.  The  number  of  the  regiment,  name  of  original  colonel,  call 
under  which  recruited,  date  of  organization  and  muster  into  the  United  States'  service, 
place  of  muster,  and  aggregate  strength  of  eacli  organization,  from  which  we  find  that 
Illinois  put  into  her  one  hundrccl  and  eigiity  regiments  25<'),000  men.  ami  into  the  United 
States  army,  through  other  States,  enougli  to  swell  the  number  to  2'.>0,000.  This  far  ex- 
ceeds all  the  soldiers  of  the  Federal  Government  in  all  the  war  of  the  Revolution.  Her 
total  years  of  service  were  over  600,000.  Slie  enrolled  men  from  eighteen  to  forty-five 
3'ears  of  age,  when  the  law  of  Congress  in  1864  —  the  test  time  —  only  asked  for  tiiose 
from  twenty  to  forty-five.  Iier  enrollments  were  otlicrwise  excessive.  Her  people 
wanted  to  go,  and  did  not  take  the  pains  to  correct  the  enrollment ;  thus  the  basis  of 
fixing  the  quota  was  too  great,  and  the  quota  itself,  at  least  in  the  trying  time,  was  far 
above  any  otlier  Slate.  The  demand  on  some  counties,  as  Monroe,  for  example,  took 
every  able-bodied  man  in  the  county,  and  liien  did  not  inive  enough  to  fill  the  quota. 
Moreover,  Illinois  sent  20,844  men  for  one  hundred  days,  for  whom  no  ereilil  was  asked. 
She  gave  lo  the  country  73,000  years  of  service  aliove  all  calls.     Witli  one-lhirieenlh  of 


(iEA'ERAL   HISTORY   OF   ILLINOIS.  177 

the  population  of  the  loyal  States,  she  sent  regularly  one-tenth  of  all  the  soldiers,  and  in 
the  perils  of  the  closing  calls,  when  patriots  were  few  and  wearj',  she  sent  one-eighth  of 
all  that  were  called  for  by  her  loved  and  honored  son  in  the  White  House.  Of  the  brave 
boys  Illinois  sent  to  the  front,  there  were  killed  in  action,  5,888  ;  died  of  wounds,  3,032  ; 
of  disease,  19,496 ;  in  prison,  967  ;  lost  at  sea,  205  ;  aggregate,  29,588.  As  upon  every 
field  and  upon  every  page  of  the  history  of  this  war,  Illinois  bore  her  part  of  the  suffer- 
ing in  the  prison-pens  of  the  South.  More  than  800  names  make  up  the  awful  column  of 
Illinois'  brave  sons  who  died  in  the  rebel  prison  of  Andersonville,  Ga.  Who  can  measure 
or  imagine  the  atrocities  which  would  be  laid  before  the  world  were  the  panorama  of 
sufferings  and  terrible  trials  of  these  gallant  men  but  half  unfolded  to  view  ?  But  this 
can  never  be  done  until  new  words  of  horror  are  invented,  and  new  arts  discoved  by 
which  demoniacal  fiendishness  can  be  portrayed,  and  the  intensest  anguish  of  the  human 
soul  in  ten  thousand  forms  be  painted. 

No  troops  ever  fought  more  heroically,  stubbornly,  and  with  better  effect  than  did 
the  boys  from  the  "  Prairie  State."  At  Pea  Ridge,  Donelson,  Pittsburg,  Landing,  luka, 
Corinth,  Stone  River,  Holly  Springs,  Jackson,  Vicksburg,  Cl'icamauga,  Lookout  Moun- 
tain, Murfreesboro,  Atlanta,  Franklin,  Nashville,  Chattanooga,  and  on  every  other  field 
where  the  clash  of  arms  was  heard,  her  sons  were  foremost. 

CAPTTJRE   OF   THE   ST.    LOUIS   AESENAL. 

Illinois  was  almost  destitute  of  firearms  at  the  beginning  of  the  conflict,  and  none 
could  be  procured  in  the  East.  The  traitorous  Floyd  had  turned  over  to  the  South 
300,000  arms,  leaving  most  arsenals  in  the  North  empty.  Gov.  Yates,  however,  received 
an  order  on  the  St.  Louis  arsenal  for  10,000  muskets,  which  he  put  in  the  hands  of  Capt. 
Stokes,  of  Chicago.  Several  unsuccessful  attempts  were  made  by  the  Captain  to  pass 
through  the  large  crowd  of  rebels  which  had  gathered  around  the  arsenal,  suspecting  an 
attempt  to  move  the  ai-ms  would  be  made.  He  at  last  succeeded  in  gaining  admission  to 
the  arsenal,  but  was  informed  by  the  commander  that  the  slightest  attempt  to  move  the 
arms  would  be  discovered  and  bring  an  infuriated  mob  upon  the  garrison.  This  fear  was 
well  founded,  for  the  following  day  Gov.  Jackson  ordered  2,000  armed  men  from  Jeffer- 
son City  down  to  capture  the  arsenal.  Capt.  Stokes  telegraphed  to  Alton  for  a  steamer 
to  descend  the  river,  and  about  midnight  laud  opposite  the  arsenal,  and  proceeding  to 
the  same  place  with  700  men  of  the  7th  Illinois,  commenced  loading  the  vessel.  To  di- 
vert attention  from  his  real  purpose,  he  had  500  guns  placed  upon  a  different  boat.  As 
designed,  this  movement  was  discovered  by  the  rabble,  and  the  shouts  and  excitement 
upon  their  seizure  drew  most  of  the  crowd  from  the  arsenal.  Capt.  Stokes  not  only  took 
all  the  guns  his  requisition  called  for,  but  emptied  the  arsenal.  When  all  was  ready,  and 
the  signal  given  to  start,  it  was  found  that  the  immense  weight  had  bound  the  bow  of  the 
boat  to  the  rock,  but  after  a  few  moments'  delay  the  boat  fell  away  from  the  shore  and 
floated  into  deep  water. 

"  Which  way  ?  "  said  Capt.  Miller,  of  the  steamer.  "  Straight  in  the  regular  channel 
to  Alton,"  replied  Capt.  Stokes.  "What  if  we  are  attacked?"  said  Capt.  Mitchell. 
"  Then  we  will  fight,"  was  the  reply  of  Capt.  Stokes.  "  What  if  we  are  overpowered  ?  " 
said  Mitchell.  "Run  the  boat  to  the  deepest  part  of  the  river  and  sink  her,"  replied 
Stokes.  "I'll  do  it,"  was  the  heroic  answer  of  Mitchell,  and  away  they  went  past  the 
secession  battery,  past  the  St.  Louis  levee,  and  in  the  regular  channel  on  to  Alton.  When 
they  touched  the  landing,  Capt.  Stokes,  fearing  pursuit,  ran  to  the  market  house  and 
rang  the  fire  bell.  The  citizens  came  flocking  pell-mell  to  the  river,  and  soon  men, 
women  and  children  were  tugging  away  at  the  vessel  load  of  arms,  which  they  soon  had 
deposited  in  freight  cars  and  off  to  Springfield. 


178  GENERAL   HISTORY   OF   ILLINOIS. 

LIBERALITY    AS    WKLL   AS    PATRIOTISM. 

The  people  were  liberal  as  well  as  patriotic ;  and  while  the  men  were  busy  enlisting, 
organizing  and  equipping  companies,  tlie  ladies  were  no  less  active,  and  the  noble,  gen- 
erous work  performed  by  their  tender,  loving  hands  deserves  mention  along  with  the 
bravery,  devotion  and  patriotism  of  their  brothers  upon  the  Southern  fields  of  carnage. 

The  continued  need  of  money  to  obtain  the  comforts  and  necessaries  for  the  sick  and 
wounded  of  our  arniy  suggested  to  the  loyal  women  of  the  North  many  and  various  de- 
vices for  the  raising  of  funds.  Every  city,  town  and  village  had  its  fair,  festival,  picnic, 
excursion,  concert,  wliich  netted  more  or  less  to  tlie  cause  of  hospital  relief,  according  to 
the  population  of  the  place  and  the  amount  of  energy  and  patriotism  displayed  on  such 
occasions.  Especially  was  this  characteristic  of  our  own  fair  State,  and  scarcely  a  ham- 
let witliin  its  borders  which  did  not  send  something  from  its  stores  to  hospital  or  battle- 
field, and  in  the  larger  towns  and  cities  were  well-organized  soldiers'  aid  societies, 
working  systematically  and  continuously  from  the  l)eginning  of  the  war  till  itsclose.  The 
great  State  Fair  held  in  Chicago  in  May,  186.5,  netted  •S2-')0,000.  Homes  for  traveling 
soldiers  were  established  all  over  the  State,  in  which  were  furnished  lodging  for  ()00,000 
men,  and  meals  valued  at  82, .500, 000.  Food,  clothing,  medicine,  hospital  delicacies, 
reading  matter,  and  thousands  of  other  articles,  were  sent  to  the  boys  at  the  front. 

MESSAGES  OF  LOVE  AND   ENCOtTKAGEMENT. 

Letters,  messages  of  love  and  encouragement,  were  sent  b)-  noble  women  from  many 
counties  of  the  State  to  encourage  the  brave  sons  and  brothers. in  the  Sontli.  Below  we 
give  a  copy  of  a  printed  letter  sent  from  Knox  county  to  the  "  boys  in  blue,"  as  showing 
the  feelings  of  the  women  of  the  North.  It  was  headed,  "  From  the  Women  of  Knox 
County  to  Their  Brothers  in  the  Field."  It  was  a  noble,  soul-inspiring  message, 
and  kindled  anew  the  intensest  love  for  home,  country,  and  a  determination  to  crown  tlie 
stars  and  stripes  witii  victory: 

"  You  have  gone  out  from  our  homes,  but  not  from  our  liearts.  Never  for  one  mo- 
ment are  you  forgotten.  Tiirough  weary  march  and  deadly  conflict  our  prayers  have 
ever  followed  you  ;  your  sufferings  are  our  sufferings,  your  victories  our  great  joy. 

"  If  there  be  one  of  you  wiio  knows  not  tiie  dear  home  ties,  for  wlioui  no  mother 
prays,  no  sister  watches,  to  Iiim  especially  we  speak.  Let  him  feel  that  tiiough  he  may 
not  have  one  mother  he  has  ma}iy ;  he  is  tlie  adopted  child  and  brotlier  of  all  our  iiearts. 
Not  one  of  you  is  beyond  the  reach  of  our  sympatliies  ;  no  picket-station  so  lonely  that 
it  is  not  enveloped  in  the  lialo  of  our  prayers. 

"  During  all  tlie  long,  dark  months  since  our  country  called  you  from  us,  your  cour- 
age, your  patient  endurance,  your  fidelity,  have  awakened  our  keenest  interest,  and  we 
have  longed  to  give  you  an  expression  of  that  interest. 

"  By  the  alacrity  with  wliicii  you  sprang  to  arms,  by  the  valor  with  which  those  arms 
have  been  wielded,  you  have  placed  our  State  in  the  front  ranks;  you  have  made  her 
worthy  to  be  the  home  of  our  noble  President.  For  thus  sustaining  the  honor  of  our 
State,  dear  to  us  as  life,  we  thank  you. 

"Of  your  courage  we  need  not  speak.  Fort  Donelson,  Pea  Ridge,  Sliiloh,  Stone 
River,  Vicksburg,  speak  with  blood-bathed  lips  of  your  heroism.  The  Army  of  the 
Southwest  fights  beneath  no  defeat-shadowed  banner  ;  to  it,  under  God,  the  nation  looks 
for  deliverance. 

"But  we,  as  women,  have  other  cause  for  thanks.  Wc  will  not  speak  of  the  debt 
we  owe  the  defenders  of  our  Government;  that  blooil-sealed  bond  no  worils  can  cancel. 
But  we  are  your  debtors  in  a  way  not  often  recognized.  You  have  aroused  us  from  the 
aimlessness  into  which  too  many  of  our  lives  li:id  <b-ifted,  and  have  infused  into  those 
lives  a  noble  pathos.      We  could  not  dream  our  lime  away  while  our  brothers  were  ilying 


GE^'ERAL   HISTORY   OF   ILLINOIS.  179 

for  us.  Even  your  sufferings  have  worked  together  for  our  good,  by  inciting  us  to  labor 
for  their  alleviation,  thus  giving  us  a  work  worth}'  of  our  womanhood.  Every  thing  that 
we  have  been  permitted  to  do  for  your  comfort  has  filled  our  lives  so  much  the  fuller  of 
all  that  makes  life  valuable.  You  have  thus  been  the  means  of  developing  in  us  a  nobler 
type  of  womanhood  than  without  the  example  of  your  heroism  we  could  ever  have  at- 
tained.    For  this  our  whole  lives,  made  purer  and  nobler  by  the  discipline,  will  thank  you. 

"  This  war  will  leave  none  of  us  as  it  found  us.  We  can  not  buffet  the  raging  wave 
and  escape  all  trace  of  the  salt  sea's  foam.  Toward  better  or  toward  worse  we  are  hur- 
ried with  fearful  haste.  If  we  at  home  feel  this,  what  must  it  be  to  you !  Our  hearts 
throb  with  agony  when  we  think  of  you  wounded,  suffering,  dying ;  but  the  thought  of 
no  physical  pain  touches  us  half  so  deeply  as  the  thought  of  the  temptations  which  sur- 
round you.  We  could  better  give  you  up  to  die  on  the  battle-field,  true  to  your  God  and 
to  your  country,  than  to  have  you  return  to  us  with  blasted,  blackened  souls.  When 
temptations  assail  fiercely,  you  must  let  the  thought  that  your  mothers  are  praying  for 
strength  enable  you  to  overcome  them.  But  fighting  for  a  worthy  cause  worthily  en- 
nobles one  ;  herein  is  our  confidence  that  you  will  return  better  men  than  3'ou  went  away. 

"  By  all  that  is  noble  in  your  manhood  ;  by  all  that  is  true  in  our  womanhood  ;  by 
all  that  is  grand  in  patriotism  ;  by  all  that  is  sacred  in  religion,  we  adjure  you  to  be  faith- 
ful to  yourselves,  to  us,  to  your  country,  and  to  your  God.  Never  were  men  permitted 
to  fight  in  a  cause  more  worth}'  of  their  blood.  Were  you  fighting  for  mere  conquest,  or 
glory,  we  could  not  give  you  up  :  but  to  sustain  a.  principle,  the  greatest  to  which  human 
lips  have  ever  given  utterance,  even  your  dear  lives  are  not  too  costly  a  sacrifice.  Let 
that  principle,  the  corner-stone  of  our  independence,  be  crushed,  and  we  are  all  slaves. 
Like  the  Suliote  mothers,  we  might  well  clasp  our  children  in  our  arms  and  leap  down  to 
death. 

"  To  the  stern  arbitrament  of  the  sword  is  now  committed  the  honor,  the  very  life  of 
this  nation.  You  fight  not  for  yourselves  alone;  the  eyes  of  the  whole  world  are  on 
you ;  and  if  you  fail  our  Nation's  death-wail  will  echo  through  all  coming  ages,  moaning 
a  requiem  over  the  lost  hopes  of  oppressed  humanity.  But  you  will  not  fail,  so  sure  as 
there  is  a  God  in  Heaven.  He  never  meant  this  richest  argosy  of  the  natiocs,  freighted 
with  the  fears  of  all  the  world's  tyrants,  with  the  hopes  of  all  its  oppressed  ones,  to 
flounder  in  darkness  and  death.  Disasters  may  come,  as  they  have  come,  but  they  will 
only  be,  as  they  have  been,  ministers  of  good.  Each  one  has  led  the  nation  upward  to  a 
higher  plane,  from  whence  it  has  seen  with  a  clearer  eye.  Success  could  not  attend  us  at 
the  West  so  long  as  we  scorned  the  help  of  the  black  hand,  which  alone  had  power  to 
open  the  gate  of  redemption  ;  the  God  of  battles  would  not  voucl'safe  a  victory  at  the 
East  till  the  very  foot-prints  of  a  McClellan  were  washed  out  in  blood. 

"  But  now  all  things  seem  ready  ;  we  have  accepted  the  aid  of  that  hand ;  those  foot- 
steps are  obliterated.  In  his  own  good  time  we  feel  that  God  will  give  us  the  victory. 
Till  that  hour  comes  we  bid  you  fight  on.  Though  we  have  not  attained  that  heroism, 
or  decision,  which  enables  us  to  give  you  up  without  a  struggle,  which  can  prevent  our 
giving  tears  for  your  Mood,  though  many  of  us  must  own  our  own  hearts  desolate  till  you  re- 
turn, still  we  bid  you  stay  and  fight  for  our  country,  till  from  this  fierce  baptism  of  blood 
she  shall  be  raised  complete ;  the  dust  shaken  from  her  garments  purified,  a  new  Memnon 
singing  in  the  great  Godlight." 

Sherman's  march  to  the  sea. 

On  the  15th  of  November,  1864,  after  the  destruction  of  Atlanta,  and  the  railroads 
behind  him,  Sherman,  with  his  army,  began  his  march  to  the  sea-coast.  The  almost 
breathless  anxiety  with  which  his  progress  was  watched  by  the  loyal  hearts  of  the  nation, 
and  the  trembling  apprehension  with  which  it  was  regarded  by  all  who  hoped  for  rebel 
success,  indicated  this  as  one  of  the  most  remarkable  events  of  the  war;  and  so  it  proved. 


ISO  GENERAL    HISTORY   OF   ILLINOIS. 

Of  Sherman's  army,  forty-five  regiments  of  infantry,  three  companies  of  artillery,  and  one 
of  cavalry,  were  from  this  State.  Lincoln  answered  all  rumors  of  Sherman's  defeat  with, 
"  It  is  impossible  ;  there  is  a  mighty  sight  of  fight  in  100,000  Western  men."  Illinois 
soldiers  brought  home  300  battle  flags.  The  first  United  States  flag  that  floated  over 
Richmond  was  an  Illinois  flag.  She  sent  messengers  and  nurses  to  every  field  and  hospi- 
tal to  care  for  her  sick  and  wounded  sons. 

Illinois  gave  the  country  the  great  general  of  the  war,  U.  S.  Grant. 

CHAKACTER   OF   ABRAHAM   LINCOLN. 

One  other  name  from  Illinois  conies  up  in  all  minds,  embalmed  in  all  hearts,  that 
must  have  the  supreme  place  in  this  sketch  of  our  glory  and  of  our  nation's  honor ;  that 
name  is  Abraham  Lincoln.  The  analysis  of  Mr.  Lincoln's  character  isdifi&cult  on  account 
ot  its  symmetry.  In  this  age  we  look  with  admiration  at  his  uncompromising  honesty  ; 
and  well  we  may,  for  this  saved  us.  Thousands  throughout  the  length  and  breadth  of 
our  co)uitry.  who  knew  him  only  as  "  Honest  Old  Abe,"  voted  for  him  on  that  account ; 
and  wisely  did  they  choose,  for  no  other  man  could  have  carried  us  through  the  fearful 
night  of  war.  When  his  plans  were  too  vast  for  our  comprehension,  and  his  faith  in  the 
cause  too  sublime  for  our  participation ;  when  it  was  all  night  about  us,  and  all  dread 
before  us,  and  all  sad  and  desolate  behind  us ;  when  not  one  ray  shone  upon  our  cause  ; 
when  traitors  were  haughty  and  exultant  at  the  South,  and  fierce  and  blasphemous  at  the 
North  ;  when  the  loyal  men  seemed  almost  in  the  minority  ;  when  the  stoutest  heart 
quailed,  the  bravest  cheek  paled  ;  when  generals  were  defeating  each  other  for  place,  and 
contractors  were  leeching  out  the  very  heart's  blood  of  the  republic  ;  when  every  thing 
else  had  failed  us,  we  looked  at  this  calm,  patient  man  standing  like  a  rock  in  the  storm, 
and  said,  "  Mr.  Lincoln  is  honest,  and  we  can  trust  him  still."  Holding  to  this  single  point 
with  the  energy  of  faith  and  despair,  we  held  together,  and  under  God  he  brought  us 
through  to  victory.  His  jtractical  wisdom  made  him  the  wonder  of  all  lands.  With  such 
certainty  did  Mr.  Lincoln  fallow  cau.ses  to  their  ultimate  effects,  that  his  foresight  of  con- 
tingencies seemed  almost  prophetic.  He  is  radiant  with  all  the  great  virtues,  and  his 
memory  will  shed  a  glory  upon  this  age  that  will  fill  the  eyes  of  men  as  they  look  into 
history.  Other  men  have  excelled  him  in  some  points;  but,  taken  at  all  points,  he  stands 
head  and  shoulders  above  every  other  man  of  6,000  3'ears.  .\n  administrator,  he  saved 
the  nation  in  the  perils  of  unparalleled  civil  war;  a  statesman,  he  justified  iiis  measures 
by  their  success  ;  a  philanthropist,  he  gave  liberty  to  one  race  and  salvation  to  another; 
a  moralist,  he  bowed  from  tlie  summit  of  human  power  to  the  foot  of  the  cross  ;  a  media- 
tor, he  exercised  mercy  under  the  most  absolute  obedience  to  law  ;  a  leader,  he  was  no 
partisan  ;  a  commander,  he  was  untainted  with  blood  ;  a  ruler  in  desperate  times,  he  was 
unsullied  with  crime  ;  a  man,  he  has  left  no  word  of  passion,  no  thought  of  malice,  no 
trick  of  craft,  no  act  of  jealousy,  no  i>urpose  of  selfish  ambition.  Thus  perfected,  with- 
out a  model  and  without  a  peer,  he  was  dropped  into  these  troubled  years  to  adorn  and 
embellish  all  that  is  good  and  all  that  is  great  in  our  humanity,  and  to  present  to  all  com- 
ing time  the  representative  of  the  divine  idea  of  free  government.  It  is  not  too  much  to 
say  that  away  down  in  the  future,  when  the  repulilic  has  fallen  from  its  niche  in  the  wall 
of  time  ;  when  the  great  war  itself  shall  have  faded  out  in  the  distance  like  a  mist  on  the 
horizon;  when  the  Anglo-Saxon  shall  be  spoken  only  by  the  tongue  of  the  stranger,  then 
the  generations  looking  this  way  shall  see  the  great  President  as  the  supreme  figure  in 
this  great  vortex  of  histor}-. 

THK   WAK    ENDED  —  THE   UNION   RESTORED. 

The  rebellion  was  ended  with  the  surrender  of  Lee  and  his  army,  and  Johnson  and 

his  coiuinaml  in  .\pril.  1S6.").     Our;inniesat  the  time  were  up  to  their  maximum  strength, 
never  so  I'ormidable,  uever  so  inviuciblc;  and,  until   recruiting  ceased  by  order  of  Secre- 


GENERAL   HISTORY   OF   ILLINOIS. 


181 


taiy  Stanton,  were  daily  strengthening.  The  necessity,  however,  for  so  vast  and  formida- 
ble numbers  ceased  with  the  disbanding  of  the  rebel  forces,  which  had  for  more  than  four 
years  disputed  the  supremacy  of  the  Government  over  its  domain.     And  now  the  joy- 


LESrCOLK   MONUMENT   AT   SPRINGPIELD. 


ful  and  welcome  news  was  to  be  borne  to  the  victorious  legions  that  their  work  was 
ended  in  triumph,  and  they  were  to  be  permitted  "  to  see  homes  and  friends  once 
more." 

DEATH   OF   LINCOLN. 

But  this  work  was  scarcely  done  till  a  terrible  event  occurred  at  Washington. 
While  President  Lincoln  was  sitting  in  a  theater  with  his  wife  and  friends,  an  actor 
named  John  Wilkes  Booth,  maddened  by  Lee's  overthrow,  came  unnoticed  into  his  box, 
leveled  a  pistol,  and  shot  the  President  in  the  head.  The  victim  died  the  next  morning. 
The  assassin  leaped  upon  the  stage,  escaped  through  the  darkness,  and  fled.  He  was 
pursued,  found  concealed  in  a  barn,  and  shot.  The  grief  of  the  nation  was  very  marked. 
No  President  had  ever  been  put  to  so  severe  a  test,  and  none,  since  Washington,  had  so 
endeared  himself  to  the  people.  His  honesty,  simplicity,  fidelity,  and  sympathetic 
nature,  which  never  deserted  him,  had  secured  his  re-election  by  a  large  majority.  The 
colored  people  especially  mourned  for  him  as  for  a  father.  "  He  went  through  life  bear- 
ing the  load  of  the  people's  sorrows  with  a  smiling  face.  He  was  the  guiding  mind  of 
the  nation  while  he  lived,  and  when  he  died,  the  little  children  cried  in  the  streets." 


182 


OENERAL   HISTORY   OK    ILLINOIS. 


Schedule — Showing  Statement  of  Volunteer  Troops  Organized  within 

THE  State, 

and  sent  to  the  field,  commencing  April,  1861,  and  ending  December  31.  1865.  with  number  of  regiment,  name  of 
original  commanding  officer,  date  of  organization  and  muster  into  United  Stales'  service,  place  of  muster,  and  the 
aggregate  strength  of  each  organization. 

INFANTBY. 


Commanding  officer  at  organization. 


Col.  John  Cook 

"  Richard  J.  Oglesby.. 

"  Eleazer  A  Paine 

"  Jas.  D.  Morgan 

"  W.  H.  L.  Wallace 

"  John  McArthur 

"  John  B.  Wyman 

'■  John  M.  Palmer 

"  Thos.  J.  Turner 

"  Robert  F.  Smith 

"  Leonard  F.Ross 

Michael  K.  Lawler 

"  John  B.  Turchin 

'■  Chas.  C.  Marsh 

' '  U  lysses  S.  Grant 

"  Henry  Dougherty 

"  Ja.s.  A.  Mulligan 

"  Frederick  Meeker 

"  Wm.  N.  Coler 

"  John  M.  Loomis ,.. 

"  Nap.  B.  Buford 

"  .A.K.Johnson 

'•  la.s.  .S.  Rearden 

"  Philip  B.  Fouke 

"  John  A.  Logan  

*'  John  Logan.--- 

"  Chas.  E.  Hovey 

"  Edward  N.  Kirk 

"  Gus.  A.  Smith 

"  Nich.  Grcusel .. 

"  Julius  White 

••  Wm.  P.  Carlin 

"  Austin  Light 

"  Steph.  G.  Hicks 

"  I  saac  C.  Pugh 

••  Wm.  A.  Webb 

"  Julius  Railh 

"  Chas.  NoblesdorfT . 

"  John  E.  .Smith 

"  John  A.  Uavis 

"  John  Bryner 

'  Isham  N.  Haynie 

'  Wm.  K.  .Morriiion 

Moses  M.  Bane 

'  G.  W.  Cumming 

'  Isaac  G.  Wilson 

•  W.  H.  W.  Cushman  .... 

'  Thos.  W.  Harris 

'  David  Stuart 

'  Robert  Kirkham , 

'  Silas  1).  Baldwin , 

■  Wm.  F.  Lynch , 

"  P.  Sidney  Post 

'  Silas  C.  Toler 

'  Jacob  Fry 

"  James  M.  True 


Date  of  oi^Lnization  and  muster  into 
the  United  State  service. 


July  25,  1861. 


May  24,  1 86 1 
May  25,  1861 
May  24,  1861 


May  28,  1861  . 


June  13,  1861. 
June  15,  1861- 
June  25.  1861. 
June  18,  1861. 
July  8,  1861  .. 


Oct.  31,  1861 


Aug.  3,  1861  .. 
July  27,  1861  . 
Sept.  30,  1S61  - 
Sept.  8,  1S61.. 
Dec.  31,  1861  . 
Aug.  15,  1861. 
Sept.  7,  1861.. 


.1. 


Sept.  23,  1861 , 

Sept.  18.  1861 

Aug.  15,  1861 , 

Dec.  15,  1861 , 

Aug.  10,  1861 

Aug.  9,  i86i 

Sent.  17,  1861 

Dec.  16,  1861 

Sept.  13,  1861 

Dec.  26,  1861 

Dec.  28.  l86l 

Oct.  I,  1861 

Nov.  18,  1861 

Dec.  31,  1861 

Sept.  12,  1861 

Dec.  1 86 1,  Feb.  1862 

Nov.  19,  1861 

March,  1862 

Feb.  18,  1862 

Oct.  31,  1861 

Feb.  27,  l86a 

Dec.  26,  1861 

Dec.  24,  1861 

August,  1861 

Feb.  17,  1862 

March  7,  i86a 

.April  10.  1862 


Place  where  mustered  into  the 
United  States  service. 


Aggregate 
stiength 
since  or- 
ganization. 


Cairo,  Illinois 


Dixon 

Jacksonville. 

Freeport 

Quincy 

Peoria 

Anna 


Joliet 

Maltoon  . 
Belleville 
Chicago  - . 
Chicago  . 


Camp    Butler . 


Camp 
Camp 
Camp 
Camp 
Camp 
Camp 
Camp 


Butler  . 
Butler. 
Butler. 
Puller. 
Butler. 
Butler. 
Butler. 


Aurora 

Chicago 

Camp    Butler. . 

Chicago 

Salem 

Decatur 

Chicago   

Camp   Butler.. 

Chicago   

Galena 

Camp   Butler.. 

Peoria 

Camp  Butler.. 
Camp   Butler.. 

Quincy  

Camp  Douglas. 

Geneva 

Ottawa 

Anna 

Camp  Douglas. 
Shawnectown.. 
Camp  Douglas. 
Camp  Douglas. 
St.  Louis,  Mo.. 

Anna 

Carrollton 

Anna 


1747 
1S53 
1265 

1759 
1384 
1675 
1112 
2013 
2028 
1833 
1259 
2043 

J095 
1817 
1266 
1 164 
19S2 
989 
1082 
1602 
1193 
1939 
1547 
1878 

1973 
1711 
1660 
1558 
1012 

1593 
1157 
1388 
1807 

"277 
1211 
1824 
1902 
1512 
1716 
2015 
2051 
1874 
1482 
1761 
1550 
1519 
•434 
1720 
1287 
1 180 
»754 
2202 
1762 
1647 
1385 
1730 


GENERAL  HISTORY   OF   ILLINOIS. 


183 


Schedule — Showing  Statement  of  Volunteer  Troops  Organized  within 

THE  State. —  Continued. 

INFANTRY. —  Continued. 


Commanding  otficer  at  organization. 


Col.  Francis  Mora 

Lt.  Col.  D.  D.  Williams 

Col.   Daniel  Cameron 

"     Patrick  E.  Burke 

"     Rosell  M.  Hough 

Elias  Stuart 

"     Jos.  H.  Tucker 

"     O.  T.  Reeves 

"     Othniel  Gilbert 

"  Frederick   A.  Starring. 

"     Jas.  F.  Jaquess 

"     Jason  Marsh 

"     George  Ryan 

'■     .\lonzo  W.  Mack 

■'     David  P.  Grier 

"     W.  H.  Bennison 

"     Lyman    Guinnip. 

•'     Thos.   G.  Allen 

"     Jas.  J.  DoUins 

"     Frederick  Hecker 

"     Abner  C.   Harding 

"     Louis  H.  Waters 

'■     Robert  S.  Moore 

"     David  D.  Irons  _ 

"     John  E.  Whiting _ 

"     F.T.Sherman 

"     John  Chrisiopher 

"     Timothy  O'Mera 

"     Henry  M.  Day 

"     Smith   D.Atkins 

"     Holden    Putnam 

"     Wm.  W.  Orme 

"     Lawr'n  S.  Church 

"     Thos.  E.  Champion 

"     F.  S.  Rutherford 

"     J.  J.  Funkhouser 

"     G.  W.  K.  Bailey 

"     Fred.  A.  Banleson 

"     Chas.  H.  Fox 

"     Wm.  McMurty 

"     Amos  C.  Babcock 

"     Absalom  B.  Moore 

"     Daniel  Dustin 

"     Robert  B.  Latham 

"     Thomas  Snell 

'*     John  Warner.  _. 

"     Alex.  J.  Nimmo 

"     Thos.  S.  Casey 

"     James  S.Martin 

"     T.J.Henderson 

"     Geo.B.  Hoge 

"     James  W.  Judy 

"     Jesse  H.  Moore 

"     Nathan  H.  Tupper 

"     Risden  M.  Moore 

"     John  G.  Fonda _. 

"     Thos.  J.  Kenney 

"  George  W.  McKeaig  _. 

Never  organized 

Col.  John  L  Rinaker 


Date  of  organization  and  muster  into 
the  United  States  service. 


April  lo,  1862. 
Dec.  31,  1862  - 
May  15,  1862  . 
April,  1862  ... 
June  13,  1862  . 
June  20,  1862. 
June  14,  1S62  . 
July  4,  1S62... 
July  26,  1S62. . 
Aug.  21,  1862. 

Sept.  4,  1862.. 
Sept.  2,  1862.. 
Aug.  22,  1862  . 
*Sept.  3,  1S62  . 
Sept.  I,  1S62-. 
Aug.  28,  1862. 
Aug.  25,  1862. 
Aug.  26,  1862, 

Aug.  21,  1862. 
Sept.  I,  1862.. 
Aug.  27,  1862. 

Sept.  22,  1862. 
Aug.  27,  1862. 
♦.^.ug.  25,  1S62 
Nov.  22,  1862. 
Sept.  8,  1862  .. 
Sept.  4,  1862  -. 
Oct.  13,  1S62.. 
Aug.  20,  1862 . 
Sept.  4,  1862.. 
Sept.  6,  1S62.. 
Sept.  8,  1862.. 
Sept.  3,  1862.. 
Aug.  26,  1S62. 
Aug.  30,  1862. 
Sept.  2,  1862.. 

Oct.  2,  1862. __ 
Aug.  27,  1862. 
Sept.  2,  1862.- 
Sept.  17,  1862. 
Sept.  4,  1862.. 
Aug.  28,  1862. 
Sept.  II,  1862. 

Sept.  18,  1862. 
Sept,  12,  1862. 
Oct.  I,  1862... 
Sept.  18, 1862  . 
Sept.  13,  1862. 
Sept.  30,  1862. 
Sept.  19,  1862. 
Nov.  2q,  1862. 
Oct.  7,  1862... 
Oct.  2g,  1862.. 

Sept.  4,  1862  -. 


Place  where  mustered  into  the 
United  States  service. 


Anna 

Camp    Butler 

Camp  Douglas 

St.  Louis,  Mo 

Camp  Douglas 

Camp  Butler 

Camp  Douglas 

Camp  Butler 

Camp  Douglas 

Camp  Douglas 

Camp  Butler 

Rockford 

Dixon 

Kankakee. 

Peoria 

Quincy 

Danville 

Centralia 

Anna 

Camp  Butler 

Monmouth 

Quincy 

Peoria 

Peoria 

Shawneetown 

Camp  Douglas 

Camp  Douglas 

Camp  Douglas 

Camp  Butler , 

Rockford 

Princeton  and  Chicago 

Bloomington 

Rockford  _ 

Rockford 

Camp  Butler 

Centralia 

Florence,  Pike  Co. 

Joliet 

Jacksonville 

Knoxville 

Peoria 

Ottawa 

Chicago 

Lincoln 

Camp  Butler 

Peoria.- 

Anna 

Anna 

Salem 

Peoria 

Camp  Douglas 

Camp  Butler 

Camp  Butler 

Decatur 

Camp  Butler 

Camp  Butler 

Quincy 

Camp  Butler 


Aggregate 
strength 
since  or- 
ganization. 

1228 
1624 
1683 
1694 

979 

889 

912 

1006 

940 

1471 
968 
989 

987 

mo 

1051 

1028 

974 

928 

1187 

961 

1286 

956 

959 

993 

994 

907 

1285 

958 

1041 

1265 

1036 

1091 

1427 

1206 

1082 

1078 

936 

921 

911 

998 

917 

977 

looi 

1097 

944 
927 
967 
873 
994 
1095 
1258 
990 
960 
952 
995 

IIOI 

952 
844 


Carlinville 


934 


184 


OENERAL   HISTORY   OF   ILLINOIS 


Schedule  —  Showing  Statement  of  Volunteer  Troops  Organized 
WITHIN  THE  State. — Continued. 

infantry. —  Continued. 


No. 


123 
124 

125 
126 
127 
128 
129 
130 
131 
132 
133 
134 
J  35 
136 
137 
138 
139 
140 
141 
142 

143 
144 

«45 
146 

147 
148 
149 
150 
J51 
152 
153 
154 
155 
156 


Commanding  officer  at  organization. 


CoL 


Capt 


James  Moore 

Thomas  J.  Sloan 

Oscar  F.  Harmon 

Jonathan  Richmond. 

John  VanArman 

Robert  M.  Hudley.. 

George  P.  Smith 

Nathaniel  Niles 

George    \V.  Nceley.. 
Thomas  C.  Pickett.. 

Thad.  Phillips 

W.  \V.  McChesney  . 

John  S.  Wolfe 

Fred.  A.  Johns 

John    Wood 

J.  W.  Goodwin 

Peter  Davidson 

L.  H.  Whitney 

Stephen  Bronson 

Kollm  V.  Ankney 

Dudley  C.  Smith 

Cyrus  Hall 

George  W.  Lackey.. 

Henry  H.  Dean 

Hiram    V.  Sickles 

Horace  II.  Wilsie 

\Vm.  C.  Kueffner 

George  W.  Keener.. 
French  B.  Woodall . . 

F.  D.  Stephenson  

Stephen  Bronson 

McLean  F.Wood 

Gustavus  A.  Smith  .. 

Alfred  K.  Smith 

J.  W.  Wilson 

John  A.  Bross 

John    Curtis 

Simon  J.  Stookey... 
Jaraes  Steele 


Date  of  organization  and  muster  into 
the  United  Slates  service. 


Sept.  6,  1862.. 
Sept.  10,  1862 . 
Sept.  4,  1862  -. 


♦Sept.  5,  1862. 
Dec.  18.  1862  . 
Sept.  8,  1862.. 
Oct.  25,  1865  . 
Nov.  13,  1862. 
June  I.  1S64  .. 
May  31,  1864. 


Place  where  mustered  into  the 
United  States  scr\-ice. 


June  6,  1864 

June   I,  1864 

June   5.  1864 

June  21,  1864  ... 

June  I,  1864 

June  18.  1864  .. . 
June  16.  i86ti  ... 
June  IS,  1864  ... 
June  II,  1864  ... 
Oct.  21.  1864  ... 

June  9.  1864 

Sept.  20,  1864... 
Feb.  18,  1865  ... 


Feb.  II.  1865  . 
Feb.  14.  1865  . 
Feb.  25,  1865  . 
Feb.  18,  1865  . 
Feb.  27,  1865  . 
Feb.  22,  1865  . 
Feb.  28.  1865  . 
March  9,  1865. 
Dec.  I,  1861  .. 


June  21,  1864  . 
June   IS,  1864. 


Mattoon 

Camp  Butler  .. 

Danville 

Chicago 

Camp  Douglas 
Camp  Butler  . 

Pontiac 

Camp  Butler  . 
Camp  Massac. 

Camp  Fry 

Camp  Butler  . 

Camp  Fry 

Mattoon 

Centralia 

Quincy 

Quincy 

Peoria 

Camp  Kutler  . 

Elgin 

Camp  Butler  .. 

Mattoon 

Alton.  Ills.... 
Can)])  Butler  . 
Camp  Butler  ., 

Chicago , 

Quincy 

Camp  Builer  .. 
Camp  I'lUtler  . 

Quincy 

Camp  Builer  . 

Chicago 

Camp  Butler  . 
Camp  Butler  . 
Chicago   ...    . 

Chicago 

Quincy 

Camp  Butler  . 
Camp  Butler  . 
Chicago 

Bloomington  . 
Camp  Butler  . 
Camp  Butler  . 

Ottawa 

Camp  Builer  . 
C'amp  Bu'ler  . 
Camp  lluller  . 
St.  Charles..., 
Camp  Douglas, 
Camp  Butler  ., 
Peoria  .  .  . . . 
Camp  Butler  ., 
Camp  Douglas 

Peoria ., 

Camp  Butler  ., 
Canu)  Butler  ., 
St.  Charles  . . . , 


Agpvgate 
strength 
ftince  or> 

ganiiatioo. 


1050 
1 130 
933 
998 
957 
866 

lOII 

932 
880 

853 
851 
878 
852 
842 
849 
835 
S78 
871 
842 
851 
865 
1159 
880 
1056 
1047 
9'7 
983 

933 
970 

9-15 
1076 

994 
929 
975 
985 
903 

9' 
90 
86 


I 
3 

3 
4 
S 
6 

7 
8 

9 
10 
II 
12 
«3 
14 
'5 
16 

«7 


CAVALRY. 


Col,  Thomas  A.   Marshall... 

'  Silas  Noble 

'  Eugene  A.  Carr 

'  T.  Lyle  Dickey , 

'  John    J.   UpdegrafT 

'  Thomas  II.  I'avanaugh 

'  \Vm.  I'itt  Kellogg 

'  John   !•'.  Farnsworlh    ... 

'  Albert  G.  Brackett 

James  A.Barrett 

'  Robert  G.  Ingersoll 

'  Arno  Voss 

'  Jose|.h  W.  Bell 

'  Horace  Capron 

'  Warren  Stewart 

'  Christian  Thielman 

'  John   I..  Bcvericlge 


June,  1861 

Aug.  24,  1861 

Sept.  21,  1861 

Sept.  30.  1 861 

December,  1861 

Nov.  1S61,  Jan.  1862.. 

August.  1861 

Sept.  18,  1861 

Oct.    26,   1861 

Nov.  25,  1861 

Dec,  20,  1861 

Dec,  1 86 1,  Feb.  1863  . 


Jan.  7.  1863 

Organized  Dec.  25.  1863. 

Jan.  and  April,  1863 

Jan.  28,  1864 


1206 
1S61 
2183 
1656 
1669 
224  s 
22S2 
2412 
2619 

"934 
2362 

2174 
'759 
1565 
1473 
1463 
1247 


GENERAL  HISTORY  OF  ILLINOIS. 


185 


Schedule  —  Showing  Statement  of  Volunteeb  Troops  Okgantzed  within  the 

State.  —  Continued. 

Illinois  Light  Artillery.  —  First  Regiment. 


Com- 
pany. 


A 
B 

c 

D 
E 
F 
G 
H 
I 
K 
L 
M 


Commanding  officer  at  organization. 


Field  and  Staff 

Capt.  C.  M.  Willard 

"       Ezra  Taylor 

"      C.  Haughtaling 

"      Edward   McAllister  . 

"      A.  C.  Waterhouse 

"      John  T.  Cheney 

"      Arthur  O'Leary 

"      Axel  Silversparr 

"      Edward   Bouton 

"      A.Franklin 

"      JohnRourke__ 

"      John  B.Miller 

Recruits 


Date  of  Organization  and  Muster  into 
the  United  States  Service. 


Oct. 
Jan. 
Dec. 
Feb. 
Feb. 
Feb. 
Feb. 
Jan. 
Feb. 
Aug. 


31,  1861.. 
14.  lS52_. 

19,  1861.. 
25,  1862. 
28,  1862. 

20,  l862_ 
15.  i862_ 
g,  1862.. 
22,  1862. 
12,  1862. 


Place  where  mustered  into  the 
United  States  Service. 


Chicago 

Chicago 

Ottawa 

Plainfield 

Chicago 

Camp  Butler  . 

Cairo 

Chicago 

Chicago 

Shawneetown- 

Chicago 

Chicago 


Aggregate 
Strength 
since  Or- 
ganization 


7 
168 
204 

17s 
141 
148 

113 

147 

169 

96 

154 

883 


Illinois  Light  Artillery.  —  Second  Regiment. 


A 
B 

c 

D 
E 
F 
G 
H 
I 

K 
L 
M 


Capt. 


Peter  Davidson 

Riley  Madison 

Caleb  Hopkins .. 

Jasper  M.  Dresser 

Adolph  Schwartz 

John  W.  Powell 

Charles  J.  Stolbrand. 

Andrew  Steinbeck 

Charles  W.  Keith 

Benjamin  F.  Rogers., 
William  H.  Bolton... 

John  C.  Phillips 

Field  and  Staff 

Recruits _ 


Aug. 
June 
Aug. 
Dec. 
Feb. 
Dec. 
Dec. 
Dec. 
Dec. 
Dec. 
Feb. 
June 


17,  lS6l_ 
20,   1861. 

5,  1861.. 
17,   1861. 

I,  i862_. 

II,  1861. 
31,  1861. 
31,  1861. 
31,  1S61. 
31,  1861- 
28,   1862. 

6,  1862.. 


Peoria 

Springfield  __ 

Cairo. 

Cairo 

Cairo 

Cape  Girardeau,  Mo.. 

Camp    Butler. 

Camp    Butler 

Camp    Butler 

Camp    Butler 

Chicago 

Chicago 


116 
127 
154 
"7 
136 
I  go 
108 

"5 
107 
108 

145 

100 

10 

1,171 


Independent  Batteries. 


Company. 


Board  of  Trade. 

Springfield 

Mercantile 

Elgin 

Coggswell's 

Henshaw's 

Bridges' 

Colvin's 

Busteed's 


Commanding  Officer  at  Organization. 


Capt. 


James  S.Stokes 

Thomas  F.  Vaughn. 
Charles  G.  Cooley.. 
George  W.  Renwick  _ 
William  Coggswell.- 

Ed.  C.  Henshaw 

Lyman  B  ridges 

John  H.  Colvin 


Date  of  Organization  and 

Muster  into  the  United 

States  Service. 


July  31,  1862. 
Aug.  21,  1862. 
Aug.  2g,  1862. 
Nov.  15,  1S62. 
Sept.  23,  1862- 
Oct.  15,  1862. 
Jan.  I,  1S62.. 
Oct.  10,  1863. 


Place  where  mustered 
into  the    United 
States  Service. 


Chicago. 

Camp  Butler.. 

Chicago 

Elgin 

Camp  Douglas 

Ottawa 

Chicago 

Chicago. 

Chicago 


Aggregate 
Strength 
since  Or- 
ganization 


258 
igg 
270 
242 
221 
ig6 
252 

91 
127 


Recapitulation. 


13 


Infantry 185, g4i 

Cavalry 32,082 

Artillery 7,277 


186  GENKKAL  HISTORY   OK   ILLINOIS. 

CHAPTEK    XV. 

DUELS  AND  DUELING. 

The  Code  of  Chivalry  —  Bloody  and  Bloodless  —  Pistols  and  Cofiee  —  Broad  Swords  and  Long  Arms  —  From  the 
Field  of  Honor  to  the  Gallows. 

The  code  of  chivalry  so  common  among  Southern  gentlemen  and  so  frequently 
brought  into  use  in  settling  personal  differences  has  also  been  called  to  settle  tlie  "  affairs 
of  honor"  in  our  own  State,  however,  but  few  times,  and  those  in  the  earlier  days.  Sev- 
eral attempts  at  duels  have  occurred  ;  before  the  disputants  met  in  mortal  combat  the 
differences  were  amicably  and  satisfactorily  settled ;  honor  was  maintained  with- 
out the  sacrifice  of  life.  In  1810  a  law  was  adopted  to  suppress  the  practice 
of  dueling.  Tliis  law  held  the  fatal  result  of  dueling  to  be  murder,  and.  as  it 
was  intended,  had  the  effect  of  making  it  odious  and  dishonorable.  Prior  to  the  consti- 
tution of  18-18,  parties  would  evade  the  law  by  going  beyond  the  jurisdiction  of  tlie 
State  to  engage  in  their  contests  of  honor.  At  that  time  they  incorporated  in  the  Con- 
stitution an  oath  of  office,  which  was  so  broad  as  to  cover  the  whole  world.  Any  person 
who  had  ever  fought  a  duel,  ever  sent  or  accej)ted  a  challenge  or  acted  the  part  of  second 
was  disfranchised  from  holding  office,  even  of  minor  importance.  After  this  went  into 
effect,  no  other  duel  or  attempt  at  a  duel  lias  been  engaged  in  within  tlie  State  of  Illinois, 
save  those  fought  by  parties  living  outside  of  the  State,  who  came  here  to  settle  their 
personal  differences. 

THE   FIKST  DUEL. 

The  first  duel  fought  within  the  boundaries  of  this  great  State  was  between  two 
young  military  officers,  one  of  the  French  and  the  other  of  the  English  army,  in  tlie  year 
176o.  It  was  at  the  time  the  British  troops  came  to  take  possession  of  Fort  Chartres, 
and  a  woman  was  tlie  cause  of  it.  Tiie  affair  occurred  early  Sunday  morning,  near  the 
old  fort.     They  fouglit  with  swords,  and  in  tiie  combat  one  sacrificed  his  life. 

BOND   AND  JONES. 

In  1809  the  next  duel  occurred  and  was  bloodless  of  itself,  but  out  of  it  grew  a  quar- 
rel which  resulted  in  tiie  assassination  of  one  of  tlie  contestants.  Tlie  principals  were 
Shadracii  Bond,  the  first  governor,  and  Rice  Jones,  a  brigiit  young  lawyer,  who  became 
quite  a  politician  and  tlie  leader  of  his  party.  A  personal  dilVorcnce  arose  between  the 
two,  which  to  settle,  tiie  parties  met  for  mortal  comliat  on  an  island  in  tiie  Mississippi. 
The  weapons  selected  were  hair-trigger  pistols.  After  taking  their  position  Jones' 
weapon  was  prematurely  discharged.  Bond's  second,  Dunlaji,  now  claimed  that  accord- 
ing to  tiie  code  Bond  iiad  the  riglit  to  tiie  next  fire.  But  Bond  would  not  take  so  great 
advantage  of  liis  opponent,  and  said  it  was  an  accident  and  would  not  fire.  Surli  nol)le 
conduct  touched  tht!  generous  nature  of  Jones,  and  tlie  difficulty  was  at  once  aniicaMy 
settled.  Dunhip,  however,  liore  a  deadly  hatred  for  Jones,  and  one  day  while  lie  was 
standing  in  the  street  in  Kaskaskia,  conversing  with  a  lady,  he  crept  up  beliind  iiim  and 
shot  him  dead  in  his  tracks.     Dunlap  successfully  escapetl  to  Texas. 

RECTOR   AND   BARTON. 

In  1812  the  bloody  code  again  brought  two  young  men  to  the  field  of  honor.  They 
were  Thomas  Rector,  a  son  of  Capt.  Steplien  Rector,  who  bore  such  a  noble  part  in  the 


li 


■ 


OENEKAT,   HISTOUY   OV    irJ.mOTS.  l8t 

war  of  1812,  and  Joshua  Barton,  They  had  espoused  the  quarrel  of  older  brothers. 
The  affair  occurred  on  Bloody  Island,  in  the  Mississippi,  but  in  the  limits  of  Illinois. 
This  place  was  frequented  so  often  by  Missourians  to  settle  personal  difficultiess,  that  it 
received  the  name  of  Bloody  Island.     Barton  fell  in  this  conflict. 

STEWAKT   AND    BENNETT. 

In  1819  occurred  the  first  duel  fought  after  the  admission  of  the  State  into  the 
Union.  This  took  place  in  St.  Clair  county  between  Alphonso  Stewart  and  William 
Bennett.  It  was  intended  to  be  a  sham  duel,  to  turn  ridicule  against  Bennett,  the  chal- 
lenging party.  Stewart  was  in  the  secret,  but  Bennett  was  left  to  believe  it  a  reality. 
Their  guns  were  loaded  with  blank  cartridges.  Bennett,  suspecting  a  trick,  put  a  ball 
into  his  gun  without  the  knowledge  of  his  seconds.  The  word  "  fire"  was  given,  and 
Stewart  fell  mortally  wounded.  Bennett  made  his  escape,  but  was  subsequently  captured, 
convicted  of  murder  and  suffered  the  penalty  of  the  law  by  hanging. 

PEARSON   7LND   BAKER. 

In  1840  a  personal  difference  arose  between  two  State  Senators,  Judge  Pearson  and 
E.  D.  Baker.  The  latter,  smarting  under  the  epithet  of  "falsehood,"  threatened  to 
chastise  Pearson  in  the  public  streets,  by  a  "  fist  fight."  Pearson  declined  making  a 
"  blackguard  "  of  himself,  but  intimated  his  readiness  to  fight  as  gentlemen,  according  to 
the  code  of  honor.     The  affair,  however,  was  carried  no  further. 

HARDIN   AND    DODGE. 

The  exciting  debates  in  the  Legislature  in  1840-'41  were  often  bitter  in  personal 
"  slings,"  and  threats  of  combats  were  not  infrequent.  During  these  debates,  in  one  of 
the  speeches  by  the  Hon.  J.  J.  Hardin,  Hon.  A.  R.  Dodge  thought  he  discovered  a  jDer- 
sonal  insult,  took  exceptions,  and  an  "affair"  seemed  imminent.  The  controversy  was 
referred  to  friends,  however,  and  amicably  settled. 

M'CLERNAND   AND   SMITH. 

Hon.  John  A.  AFcClernand,  a  member  of  the  House,  in  a  speech  delivered  during 
the  same  session  made  charges  against  the  Whig  Judges  of  the  Supreme  Court.  This 
brought  a  note  from  Judge  T.  W.  Smith,  hj  the  hands  of  his  "friend"  Dr.  Merriman, 
to  McClernand.  This  was  construed  as  a  challenge,  and  promptly  accepted,  naming 
the  place  of  meeting  to  be  Missouri ;  time,  early ;  the  weapons,  rifles ;  and  distance,  40 
paces.  At  this  critical  juncture,  the  attorney  general  had  a  warrant  issued  against  the 
Judge,  whereupon  he  was  arrested  and  placed  under  bonds  to  keep  the  peace.  Thus 
ended  this  attempt  to  vindicate  injured  honor. 

LINCOLN    AND    SHIELDS. 

During  the  hard  times  subsequent  to  the  failure  of  tlie  State  and  other  banks,  in 
1842,  specie  became  scarce  while  State  money  was  plentiful,  but  worthless.  The  State 
officers  thereupon  demanded  specie  payment  for  taxes.  This  was  bitterly  opposed,  and 
so  fiercely  contested  that  the  collection  of  taxes  was  suspended. 

During  the  period  of  the  greatest  indignation  toward  the  State  officials,  under  the 
nom  de  plume  of  "  Rebecca,"  Abraham  Lincoln  had  an  article  published  in  the  Sangamo 
Journal,  entitled  "  Lost  Township."  In  this  article,  written  in  the  form  of  a  dialogue, 
the  officers  of  the  State  were  roughly  handled,  and  especially  Auditor  Shields.  The 
name  of  the  author  was  demanded  from  the  editor  by  Mr.  Shields,  who  was  very  indig- 
nant over  the  manner  in  which  he  was  treated.  The  name  of  Abraham  Lincoln  was 
given  as  the  author.  It  is  claimed  by  some  of  his  biographers,  however,  that  the  article 
was  prepared  by  a  lady,  and  that  when  the  name  of  the  author  was  demanded,  in  a  spirit 


188  r.ENKRAL   HISTOUY   OF   ILLINOIS. 

of  gallantly,  Mr.  Lincoln  gave  his  name.  In  company  with  Gen.  Whiteside,  Genera^ 
Shields  pursued  Lincoln  to  Tremont,  Tazewell  county,  where  he  was  in  attendance  upon 
the  court,  and  immediately  sent  him  a  note  "  requiring  a  full,  positive  and  absolute  re- 
traction of  all  ofiTensive  allusions"  made  to  him  in  relation  to  his  "'private  character  and 
standing  as  a  man,  or  an  apology  for  the  insult  conveyed."  Lincoln  had  been  fore- 
warned, however,  for  William  Butler  and  Dr.  Merriman,  of  Springfield,  had  become 
acquainted  with  Shields'  intentions  and  by  riding  all  night  arrived  at  Tremont  ahead  of 
Shields  and  informed  Lincoln  what  he  might  expect.  Lincoln  answered  Shields'  note, 
refusing  to  offer  any  explanation,  on  the  grounds  that  Shields'  note  assumed  the  fact  of 
his  (Lincoln's)  authorship  of  the  article,  and  not  pointing  out  what  the  offensive  part 
was,  and  accompanying  the  same  with  threats  as  to  consequences.  Mr.  Shields  answered 
this,  disavowing  all  intention  to  menace  ;  inquired  if  he  was  the  author,  asked  a  retrac- 
tion of  that  portion  relating  to  his  private  character.  Mr.  Lincoln,  still  technical,  re- 
turned this  note  with  the  verbal  statement  "  that  there  could  be  no  further  negotiations 
until  the  first  note  was  withdrawn."  At  this  Shields  named  General  Whiteside  as  his 
"friend,"  when  Lincoln  reported  Dr.  Merriman  as  his  "friend."  These  gentlemen 
secretly  pledged  themselves  to  agree  upon  some  amicable  terms,  and  compel  their  prin- 
cipals to  accept  them.  The  four  went  to  Springfield,  when  Lincoln  left  for  Jackson- 
ville, leaving  the  following  instructions  to  guide  his  friend.  Dr.  Merriman : 

"  In  case  Whiteside  shall  signify  a  wish  to  adjust  this  affair  without  further  diffi- 
culty, let  him  know  that  if  the  present  papers  be  withdrawn  and  a  note  from  Mr.  Shields, 
asking  to  know  if  I  am  the  author  of  the  articles  of  which  he  complains,  and  asking  that 
I  shall  make  him  gentlemanly  satisfaction,  if  I  am  the  author,  and  this  without  menace 
or  dictation  as  to  what  that  satisfaction  shall  be,  a  pledge  is  made  that  the  following 
answer  shall  be  given : 

"  I  did  v/rite  the  '  Lost  Township '  letter  which  appeared  in  the  Journal  of  the  2d  inst.,  but  had  no  participa- 
tion, in  any  form,  in  any  other  article  alhiding  to  you.  1  wrote  that  wholly  for  political  effect.  I  had  no  intention 
of  injuring  your  personal  or  private  character  or  standing,  as  a  man  or  gentleman  ;  and  I  did  not  then  think,  and 
do  not  now  think,  that  that  article  could  produce  or  has  produced  that  effect  against  you  ;  and,  had  I  anticipated 
such  an  effect,  would  have  foreborne  lo  write  it.  And  I  will  add  that  your  conduct  toward  me,  so. far  as  I  know, 
had  always  been  gentlemanly,  and  that  I  had  no  personal  pique  against  you,  and  no  cause  for  any. 

"  If  this  should  be  done,  I  leave  it  to  you  to  manage  what  shall  and  what  shall  not 
be  published.     If  nothing  like  this  is  done,  the  preliminaries  of  the  fight  are  to  be: 

"  1st.  Weapom. — Cavalry  broad  swords  of  the  largest  size,  precisely  equal  in  all 
respects,  and  such  as  are  now  used  b}-  the  cavalry  company  at  Jacksonville. 

"  2d.  Position. — A  plank  ten  feet  long  and  from  nine  to  twelve  inches  broad,  to  be 
firmly  fixed  on  edge,  on  the  ground,  as  a  line  between  us  which  neither  is  to  pass  his  foot 
over  on  forfeit  of  his  life.  Next  a  line  drawn  on  the  ground  on  either  side  of  said  plank, 
and  parallel  with  it,  each  at  the  distance  of  the  whole  length  of  the  sword,  and  three 
feet  additional  from  the  plank  ;  and  the  pa.ssing  of  his  own  such  line  by  either  party 
during  the  fight,  shall  be  deemed  a  surrender  of  the  contest. 

"  8d.  Time.  —  On  Thursday  evenin;.,'  at  r>  o'clock,  if  you  can  get  it  so  ;  but  in  no 
case  to  be  at  a  greater  distance  of  time  than  Friday  evening  at  ;">  o'clock. 

"4th.  Place.  —  Within  three  miles  of  Alton,  on  the  opposite  side  of  the  river,  the 
particular  spot  to  be  agreed  on  by  you. 

"  Any  iireliminary  details  coming  within  the  above  rules,  you  are  at  liberty  to  make 
at  your  discretion,  but  you  are  in  no  case  to  swerve  from  these  rules,  or  pass  beyond  their 
limits." 

The  position  of  the  contestants,  as  prescribed  by  Lincoln,  seems  to  have  been  such 
as  both  would  have  been  free  from  coming  in  contact  with  the  sword  of  the  other,  and 
the  first  impression  is  that  it  is  nothing  more  than  one  of  Lincoln's  jokes.  He  possessed 
very  long  arms,  however,  and  could  reach  his  adversary  at  the  stipulated  distance. 


GENERAL   HISTOHY   OF   ILLINOIS.  189 

Not  being  amicabi}'  arranged,  all  parties  repaired  to  the  field  of  combat  in  Missouri. 
Gen.  Hardin  and  Dr.  English,  as  mutual  friends  of  both  Lincoln  and  Shields,  arrived  in 
the  meantime,  and  after  much  correspondence,  at  their  earnest  solicitation,  the  affair  was 
satisfactorily  arranged,  Lincoln  making  a  statement  similar  to  the  one  above  referred  to. 

SHIELDS   AND   BUTLER. 

William  Butler,  one  of  Lincoln's  seconds,  was  dissatisfied  with  the  bloodless  termi- 
nation of  the  Lincoln-Shields  affair,  and  wrote  an  account  of  it  for  the  Sangamo  Journal. 
This  article  reflected  discreditably  upon  both  the  principals  engaged  in  that  controversy. 
Shields  replied  hj  the  hands  of  his  friend.  Gen.  Whiteside,  in  a  curt,  menacing  note, 
which  was  promptly  accepted  as  a  challenge  by  Butler,  and  the  inevitable  Dr.  Merriman 
named  as  his  friend,  who  submitted  the  following  as  preliminaries  of  the  fight: 

Time.  —  Sunrise  on  the  following  morning. 

Place.  —  Col.  Allen's  farm  (about  one  mile  north  of  State  House). 

Weapons.  —  Rifles. 

Distance.  —  One  hundred  yards. 

The  parties  to  stand  with  their  right  sides  toward  each  other  —  the  rifles  to  be  held 
in  both  hands  horizontally  and  cocked,  arms  extended  downwards.  Neither  party  to 
move  his  person  or  his  rifle  after  being  placed,  before  the  word  fire.  The  signal  to  be :» 
"  Are  you  ready  ?  Fire!  One  —  two  —  three!"  About  a  second  of  time  intervening 
between  each  word.  Neither  party  to  fire  before  the  word  "  fire,"  nor  after  the  word 
"  three." 

Gen.  Whiteside,  in  language  curt  and  abrupt,  addressed  a  note  to  Dr.  Merriman 
declining  to  accept  the  terms.  Gen.  Shields,  however,  addressed  another  note  to  Butler, 
explaining  the  feelings  of  his  second,  and  offering  to  go  out  to  a  lonely  place  on  the 
prairie  to  fight,  where  there  would  be  no  danger  of  being  interrupted ;  or,  if  that  did 
not  suit,  he  would  meet  him  on  his  own  conditions,  when  and  where  he  pleased.  Butler 
claimed  the  affair  was  closed  and  declined  the  proposition. 

"WHITESIDE   AND   MERRIMAN. 

Now  Gen.  Whiteside  and  Dr.  Merriman,  who  several  times  had  acted  in  the  capacity 
of  friends  or  seconds,  were  to  handle  the  deadly  weapons  as  principals.  While  second 
in  the  Shields-Butler  fiasco,  Whiteside  declined  the  terms  proposed  by  Butler,  in  curt 
and  abrupt  language,  stating  that  the  place  of  combat  could  not  be  dictated  to  him,  for 
it  was  as  much  his  right  as  Merriman's,  who  if  he  was  a  gentleman,  would  recognize  and 
concede  it.  To  this  Merriman  replied  by  the  hands  of  Cai:)t.  Lincoln.  It  will  be 
remembered  that  Merriman  had  acted  in  the  same  capacity  for  Lincoln.  Whiteside  then 
wrote  to  Merriman,  asking  to  meet  him  at  St.  Louis,  when  he  would  hear  from  him 
further.  To  this  Merriman  replied,  denying  his  right  to  name  place,  but  offered  to  meet 
in  Louisiana,  Mo.  This  Whiteside  would  not  agree  to,  but  later  signified  his  desire  to 
meet  him  there,  but  the  affair  being  closed,  the  doctor  declined  to  re-open  it. 

PRATT   AND   CAMPBELL. 

These  two  gentlemen  were  members  of  the  Constitutional  Convention  of  18-17,  and 
both  from  Jo  Daviess  county.  A  dispute  arose  which  ended  in  a  challenge  to  meet 
on  the  field  of  honor.  They  both  repaired  to  St.  Louis,  but  the  authorities  gaining 
knowledge  of  their  bloody  intentions,  had  both  parties  arrested,  which  ended  this 
"  affau-." 


190  GENERAL   HISTORY   OF   ILLINOIS. 


CHAPTER  XVI. 

DRESS   AND    MANNERS. 

Mistake  of  Charlevoix  —  "Capets"  —  Wool  Hals — I.insey  Dresses  and  Sun  Bonnets — Hunting  Shirts  —  Moccasins 
—  Coon  Skin  Caps  —  Deer  Skin  Pantaloons. 

The  dress,  habits,  etc.,  of  any  people,  are  such  true  indexes  to  their  conditions  and 
surroundinsrs  that  we  introduce  a  brief  exposition  of  the  manner  of  life  of  Illinois  people 
at  different  j)eriods. 

The  Indians  are  credited  by  Charlevoix  with  being  "very  laborious"  —  raising  poul- 
tr}',  spinning  the  wool  of  the  buffalo  and  manufacturing  garments  therefrom.  These 
must  have  been,  however,  more  than  usually  favorable  representatives  of  their  race.  No 
such  Indians  were  known  in  Illinois. 

"  Tiie  working  and  voyaging  dress  of  the  French  masses,"  says  Reynolds.  "  was  sim- 
ple and  primitive.  The  French  were  like  tlie  lilies  of  the  valley  (the  '  Old  Ranger  '  was 
not  always  exact  in  iiis  quotations,)  —  iliej'  neither  spun  nor  wove  an}'  of  their  clothing, 
but  purchased  it  from  the  merchants.  The  white  blanket  coat,  known  iis  the  capot,  was 
the  universal  and  eternal  coat  for  the  Winter  with  the  many.  A  cape  was  made  to  it  tiiat 
could  be  raised  over  the  head  in  cold  weather.  In  the  house,  and  in  good  weather,  the 
cape  hung  behind.  The  reason  that  I  know  these  coats  .so  well  is,  that  I  liave  worn 
many  in  my  youth,  and  a  working  man  never  wore  a  better  garment.  Dressed  deer-skins 
and  blue  cloth  were  worn  commonly  in  the  Winter  for  pantaloons.  The  blue  handker- 
chief and  the  deer-skin  moccasins  covered  the  head  and  feet  generally  of  the  French  Cre- 
oles. In  1800,  scarcely  a  man  thought  himself  clothed  unless  he  had  a  belt  tied  around 
his  blanket  coat,  and  on  one  side  was  hung  th(!  dressed  skin  of  a  pole-cat,  filled  with  to- 
bacco, pipe,  flint  and  steel.  On  the  other  side  was  fastened,  under  the  belt,  the  butcher- 
knife.  A  Creole  in  this  dress  felt  like  Tam  0"Shanter  filled  with  n^(jUfb(XUffh  —  he  could 
face  the  devil.  Checked  calico  shirts  were  then  common,  but  in  Winter  flannel  was  fre- 
quently worn.  In  tlie  Summer,  the  laboring  men  and  the  voyagers  often  took  their  shirts 
off  in  hard  work  and  hot  weather,  and  turned  out  the  naked  l)aok  to  the  air  and  the  sun. 

"Among  the  Americans,"  he  adds,  "home-made  wool  hats  were  the  common  wear. 
Fur  hats  were  not  common,  and  scarcely  a  boot  was  seen.  The  covering  of  the  feet  in 
Winter  was  chiefly  moccasins  made  of  deer-skins,  and  shoe  packs  of  tanned  leather.  Some 
wore  shoes,  but  not  common  in  very  early  times.  In  the  Summer  the  greater  portion  of 
the  young  people,  male  and  female,  and  many  of  the  old,  went  barefoot.  Tlie  substantial 
and  universal  outside  wear  was  the  blue  liusey  hunting-sliirt.  Tills  was  an  excellent 
garment,  and  I  have  never  felt  so  Iiapjiy  and  healtliy  since  1  laid  It  off.  It  was  made  with 
wide  sleeves,  open  before,  with  ample  size  so  as  to  envelop  the  body  almost  twice  around. 
Sometimes  it  had  a  large  cape,  which  answered  well  to  save  tlie  shoulders  from  the  rain. 
A  l)elt  wiis  mostly  used  to  keep  the  garment  close  around  the  person,  but  there  wivs 
nothing  tight  about  It  to  hamper  the  body.  It  was  often  fringed,  and  at  times  the  fringe 
was  composed  of  red,  and  other  gay  colors.  The  bell,  frequently,  is  sewed  to  the  huiit- 
ing-siiirt.  The  vest  was  mostly  made  of  striped  linsey.  The  colors  were  often  made 
witii  alum,  copperas  and  madder,  boiled  with  the  bark  of  trees,  in  sucli  a  manner  and 
jjioportlons  as  the  old  ladies  prescribed.  The  pantaloons  of  the  masses  were  generally 
made  of  deer-skin  and  linsey.     Coarse,  blue  cloth  was  sometimes  made   into  pantaloons. 

"  Linsey,  neat  and  fine,  niiiMufactured  at  home,  composed  generally  the  nutslde  gar- 
ments of  tlie  females  as  well  as  tiie  males.     Tlie  ladies  had  linsey  colored  and  woven  to 


GENERAL   HISTORY   OF   ILLINOIS. 


191 


SCENE  ON  FOX  RIVER. 


192  (;ENERAL   niSTORY   of    IIXINOI8. 

suit  their  fancy.  A  bonnet,  composed  of  calico,  or  some  gay  goods,  was  worn  on  the  head 
when  they  were  in  the  open  air.  Jewelry  on  the  pioneer  ladies  was  uncommon  ;  a  gold 
ling  wa.s  an  ornament  not  often  seen." 

In  1820  a  change  of  dress  began  to  take  place,  and  before  1830,  according  to  Ford, 
most  of  the  pioneer  costume  had  disappeared.  "  The  blue  linsey  hunting-shirt,  with  red 
or  white  fringe,  had  given  place  to  the  cloth  coat.  [Jeans  would  be  more  like  the  fact.] 
The  raccoon  cap,  with  the  tail  of  tlie  animal  dangling  down  behind,  had  been  thrown 
aside  for  hats  of  wool  or  fur.  Boots  and  shoes  had  supplied  the  deer-skin  moccasins,  and 
the  leather  breeches,  strapped  tight  around  the  ankle,  had  disappeared  before  unmen- 
tionables of  a  more  modern  material.  The  female  sex  had  made  still  greater  progress  in 
dress.  The  old  sort  of  cotton  or  woolen  frocks,  spun,  woven,  and  made  with  their  own 
fair  hands,  and  striped  and  cioss-barred  with  blue  dye  and  turkey  red,  had  given  place  to 
gowns  of  silk  and  calico.  Tlie  feet,  before  in  a  state  of  nudity,  now  dressed  in  shoes  of 
calf-skin  or  slippers  of  kid  ;  and  the  head,  formerly  unbonneted,  but  covered  with  a  cot- 
ton handkerchief,  now  displayed  the  charms  of  the  female  face  under  many  forms  of  bon- 
nets of  straw,  silk  and  leghorn.  The  young  ladies,  instead  of  walking  a  mile  or  two  to 
church  on  Sunday,  carrying  their  shoes  and  stockings  in  their  hands  until  within  a  hun- 
dred yards  of  the  place  of  worship,  as  formerly,  now  came  forth  arrayed  complete  in  all 
the  pride  of  dress,  mounted  on  fine  horses  and  attended  by  their  male  admirers." 

The  last  half  century  has  doubtless  witnessed  changes  quite  as  great  as  those  set 
forth  by  the  old  Illinois  historian.  The  chronicler  of  to-day,  looking  back  to  the  golden 
days  of  18;i0  to  1840,  and  comparing  them  with  the  present,  must  be  struck  with  the 
tendency  of  an  almost  monotonous  uniformity  in  dress  and  manners  that  comes  from  the 
easy  inter-communication  afforded  by  steamer,  boats,  railways,  telegaphsand  newspapers. 
Home  manufacturers  have  been  driven  from  the  household  by  the  low-priced  fabrics  of 
distant  mills.  The  Kentucky  jeans,  and  the  copperas-colored  clothing  of  home  manufac- 
ture, so  familiar  a  few  years  ago,  have  given  place  to  the  cassimeres  and  cloihs  of  noted 
factories.  The  ready-made-clothing  stores,  like  a  touch  of  nature,  made  the  whole  world 
kin,  and  drape  the  charcoal  man  in  a  dress-coat  and  a  stove-pipe  hat.  The  prints  and 
silks  of  England  and  France  give  a  variety  of  choice,  and  an  assortment  of  colors  and 
shades  such  as  the  pioneer  women  could  hardly  have  dreamed  of.  Godey,  and  Demorest, 
and  Harper's  Bazar  are  found  in  modern  farm-houses,  and  the  latest  fashions  of  Paris  are 
not  uncommon. 


CHAPTER  XVII. 

PHYSICAL   FEATURES   OF  ILLINOIS— AGRICULTURAL  AND   OTHER 

RESOURCES. 

Area  of  Square  Miles —  Climate  —  Soil  —  Adaptation  to  Aericullural  Purposes  —  Fanii  Implementi  in  1876— Rail- 
road and  Shippinj;  Interests  —  Permanent  School  Fund—  Manufaclurini;  Indu>lries. 

In  ;irea  the  State  has  .5.5,410  square  miles  of  territory.  It  is  about  l.'iO  miles  wide 
and  400  miles  long,  stretching  in  latitude  from  Maine  to  North  Carolina.  The  climate 
varies  from  Portland  to  Richmond.  It  favors  every  product  of  the  continent,  including 
the  tropics,  with  less  th;m  half  a  do/.en  exceptions.  It  produces  every  great  food  of  the 
world  except  banatiiis  and  rice.  It  is  hardly  too  much  to  say  tiiat  it  is  the  most  produc- 
tive spot  known  to  civilization.  With  the  soil  full  of  br<»adand  the  earth  ftill  of  minerals: 
with  an  upper  surfftce  of  food  and  an  under  layer  of  fuel ;  with  perfect  natural  drainage, 


GEXERAL   HISTORY   OF  ILLINOIS.  193 

and  abundant  springs,  and  streams,  and  navdgable  rivers  ;  half  way  between  the  forests 
of  the  North  and  the  fruits  of  the  South  ;  within  a  day's  ride  of  the  great  deposits  of  iron, 
coal,  copper,  lead  and  zinc ;  and  containing  and  controlling  the  great  grain,  cattle,  pork 
and  lumber  markets  of  the  world,  it  is  not  strange  that  Illinois  has  the  advantage  of 
position. 

There  are  no  mountains  in  Illinois  ;  in  the  southern  as  well  as  in  the  northern  part 
of  the  State  there  are  a  few  hills  ;  near  the  banks  of  the  Illinois,  Mississippi,  and  several 
other  rivers,  the  ground  is  elevated,  forming  the  so-called  bluffs,  on  which  at  the  present 
day  may  be  found,  uneffaced  by  the  hand  of  Time,  the  marks  and  traces  left  by  the  water 
which  was  formerly  much  higher ;  whence  it  may  be  safe  to  conclude  that,  where  now 
the  fertile  prairies  of  Illinois  extend,  and  the  rich  soil  of  the  country  yields  its  golden 
harvests,  must  have  been  a  vast  sheet  of  water,  the  mud  deposited  by  which  formed  the 
soil,  thus  accounting  for  the  present  great  fertility  of  the  country. 

Illinois  is  a  garden  400  miles  long  and  150  miles  wide.  Its  soil  is  chiefly  a  black, 
sandy  loam,  from  six  inches  to  sixtj'  feet  thick.  About  the  old  French  towns  it  has 
yielded  corn  for  a  century  and  a  half  without  rest  or  help.  She  leads  all  other  States  in 
the  number  of  acres  actually  under  plow.  Her  mineral  wealth  is  scarcely  second  to  her 
agricultural  power.  She  has  coal,  iron,  lead,  zinc,  copper,  many  varieties  of  building 
stone,  marble,  fire  clay,  cuma  clay,  common  brick  clay,  sand  of  all  kinds,  gravel,  mineral 
paint,  in  fact,  every  thing  needed  for  a  high  civilization. 

AGKICULTUKAI,  AKD  OTHER  KESOUECES. 

If  any  State  of  the  Union  is  adapted  for  agriculture,  and  the  other  branches  of  rural 
economy  relating  thereto,  such  as  the  raising  of  cattle  and  the  culture  of  fruit  trees,  it  is 
pre-eminently  Illinois.  Her  extremely  fertile  praries  recompense  the  farmer  at  less 
trouble  and  expense  than  he  would  be  obliged  to  incur  elsewhere,  in  order  to  obtain  the 
same  results.  Her  rich  soil,  adapted  by  nature  for  immediate  culture,  only  awaits  the 
plow  and  the  seed  in  order  to  mature,  within  a  few  months,  a  most  bountiful  harvest.  A 
review  of  statistics  will  be  quite  interesting  to  the  reader,  as  well  as  valu- 
able, as  showing  the  enormous  quantities  of  the  various  cereals  produced  in  our  Prairie 
State : 

In  1876  there  was  raised  in  the  State  130,000,000  bushels  of  corn  —  twice  as  much  as 
any  other  State,  and  one-sixth  of  all  the  corn  raised  in  the  United  States.  It  would  take 
375,000  cars  to  transport  this  vast  amount  of  corn  to  market,  which  would  make  15,000 
trains  of  25  cars  each.  She  harvested  2,747,000  tons  of  hay,  nearly  one-tenth  of  all  the 
hay  in  the  Republic.  It  is  not  generally  appreciated,  but  it  is  true,  that  the  hay  crop  of 
the  country  is  worth  more  than  the  cotton  crop.  The  hay  of  Illinois  equals  the  cotton 
of  Louisiana.  Go  to  Charleston,  S.  C,  and  see  them  peddling  handfuls  of  hay  or  grass, 
almost  as  a  curiosity,  as  we  regard  Chinese  gods  or  the  cryolite  of  Greenland  ;  drink 
your  coffee  and  condensed  milk ;  and  walk  back  from  the  coast  for  many  a  league 
through  the  sand  and  burs  till  you  get  up  into  the  better  atmosphere  of  the  mountains, 
without  seeing  a  waving  meadow  or  a  grazing  herd ;  then  you  will  begin  to  appreciate 
the  meadows  of  the  Prairie  State. 

The  value  of  her  farm  implements  was,  in  1876,  $211,000,000,  and  the  value  of  live 
stock  was  only  second  to  New  York.  The  same  year  she  had  25,000,000  hogs,  and 
packed  2,113,845,  about  one-half  of  all  that  were  packed  in  the  United  States.  She 
marketed  $57,000,000  worth  of  slaughtered  animals  —  more  than  any  other  State,  and  a 
seventh  of  all  the  States. 

Illinois  excels  all  other  States  in  miles  of  railroads  and  in  miles  of  postal  service,  and 
in  money  orders  sold  per  annum,  and  in  the  amount  of  lumber  sold. 

Illinois  was  only  second  in  many  important  matters,  taking  the  reports  of 
1876.     This  sample  list  comprises  a  few  of   the  more  important:     Permanent   school 


194  GENEKAL  HISTORY   OF  ILLINOIS. 

fund  ;  total  income  for  educational  purposes ;  number  of  publishers  of  books,  maps, 
papers,  etc. ;  value  of  farm  products  and  implements,  and  of  live  stock  ;  in  tons  of  coal 
mined. 

The  shipping  of  Illinois  was  only  second  to  New  York.  Out  of  one  port  during  the 
business  hours  of  the  season  of  navigation  she  sent  forth  a  vessel  every  nine  minutes. 
This  did  not  include  canal  boats,  which  went  one  every  five  minutes. 

No  wonder  she  was  only  second  in  number  of  bankers  or  in  physicians  and  sur- 
geons. 

She  was  third  in  colleges,  teachers  and  schools  ;  also  in  cattle,  lead,  hay,  flax,  sorghum 
and  beeswax. 

She  was  fourth  in  population,  in  children  enrolled  in  public  schools,  in  law  schools, 
in  butter,  potatoes  and  carriages. 

She  was  fifth  in  value  of  real  and  personal  property,  in  theological  seminaries,  and 
colleges  exclusively  for  women,  in  milk  sold,  and  in  boots  and  shoes  manufactured,  and 
in  book-binding. 

She  was  only  seventh  in  the  production  of  wood,  while  she  was  the  twelfth  in  area. 
Surely  that  was  well  done  for  the  Prairie  State.  She  then  had,  in  1876,  much  more  wood 
and  growing  timber  tlian  she  had  thirty  years  before. 

A  few  leading  industries  will  justify  emphasis.  She  manufactured  8'20.5,000,000 
worth  of  goods,  which  placed  her  well  up  toward  New  York  and  Pennsylvania.  The 
number  of  her  manufacturing  establishments  increased  from  1860  to  1S70,  :',00  per  cent.; 
capital  employed  increased  350  per  cent. ;  and  the  amount  of  product  increased  400  per 
cent.  She  issued  5,500,000  coi)ies  of  commercial  and  financial  newspapers,  being  only 
second  to  New  York.  Slie  had  6,759  iniles  of  railroad,  then  leading  all  other  States, 
wortli  8636,4.58,000,  using  3,245  engines,  and  67,712  cars,  making  a  train  long  enough  to 
cover  one-tenth  uf  tiie  entire  roads  of  the  State.  Her  stations  were  only  five  miles 
apart.  She  carried  in,  1876,  15,795,000  passengers  an  average  of  o6i  miles,  or  equal  to 
taking  her  entire  population  twice  across  the  State.  More  than  two-thirds  of  her  land 
was  within  five  miles  of  a  railroad,  and  less  than  two  per  cent,  was  more  than  fifteen 
miles  away. 

The  State  has  a  large  financial  interest  in  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad.  The  road 
was  incorporated  in  1850,  and  the  State  gave  each  alternate  section  for  six  miles  on  each 
side,  and  doubled  the  price  of  the  remaining  land,  so  keeping  herself  good.  Tiie  road 
received  2,595,000  acres  of  land,  and  paid  to  the  State  one-seventh  of  the  gross  receipts. 
The  State  received  in  1877,  8.'550,000,  and  liad  received  up  to  that  year  in  all  about  87,- 
000,000.  It  was  practically  the  people's  road,  and  it  iiad  a  most  able  and  gentlemanly 
management.  Add  to  the  above  amount  tlie  annual  receipts  from  the  canal,  $111,000, 
and  a  large  per  cent,  of  the  State  tax  was  provided  for. 


GENERAL   HISTORY   OF   ILLINOIS.  195 


CHAPTER    XVIII. 

GOVERNORS  AND  OTHER  STATE  OFFICERS  OF  ILLINOIS. 

Shadrach  Bond  —  Was  the  first  Governor  of  Illinois.  lie  was  a  native  of  Maryland 
and  born  in  1773  ;  was  raised  on  a  farm  ;  received  a  common  English  education,  and  came 
to  Illinois  in  1794.  He  served  as  a  delegate  in  Congress  from  1811  to  1815,  where  he 
procured  the  right  of  pre-emption  of  public  land.  He  was  elected  governor  in  1818; 
was  beaten  for  Congress  in  1821  by  Daniel  P.  Cook.  He  died  at  Kaskaskia,  April  11, 
1830. 

Edward  Coles  —  Was  born  Dec.  15, 1786,  in  Virginia.  His  father  was  a  slave-holder ; 
gave  his  son  a  collegiate  education,  and  left  to  him  a  large  number  of  slaves.  These  he 
liberated,  giving  each  head  of  a  familj'  160  acres  of  land  and  a  considerable  sum  of 
money.  He  was  President  Madison's  piivate  secretary.  He  came  to  Illinois  in  1819, 
was  elected  governor  in  1822,  on  the  anti-slavery  ticket;  mdved  to  Philadelphia  in  1833, 
and  died  in  1868. 

Ninian  Edwards  —  In  1809,  on  the  formation  of  the  Territory  of  Illinois,  Mr. 
Edwards  was  appointed  governor,  which  position  he  retained  until  the  organization  of 
the  State,  when  he  was  sent  to  the  LTnited  States  Senate.  He  was  elected  governor  in 
1826.  He  was  a  native  of  Maryland  and  born  in  1775  ;  receiving  a  collegiate  education  ; 
was  Chief  Justice  of  Kentucky,  and  a  republican  in  politics. 

John  Reynolds  —  Was  born  in  Pennsylvania  in  1788,  and  came  with  his  parents  to 
Illinois  in  1800,  and  in  1830  was  elected  Governor  on  the  Democratic  ticket,  and  after- 
wards served  three  terms  in  Congress.  He  received  a  classical  education,  yet  was  not 
polished.  He  was  an  ultra  Democrat;  attended  the  Charleston  Convention  in  1860,  and 
.  urged  the  seizure  of  the  United  States  arsenals  by  the  South.  He  died  in  1865  at  Belle- 
ville, childless. 

Joseph  Duncan. —  In  1834  Joseph  Duncan  was  elected  governor  by  the  Whigs, 
although  formerly  a  Democrat.  He  had  previously  served  four  terms  in  Congress.  He 
was  born  in  Kentucky  in  1794 ;  had  but  a  limited  education  ;  served  with  distinction  in 
the  war  of  1812  ;  conducted  the  campaign  of  1832  against  Black  Hawk.  He  came  to 
Illinois  when  quite  young. 

Thomas  Garlin  —  Was  elected  as  a  Democrat  in  1838.  He  had  but  a  meager 
education  ;  held  many  minor  offices,  and  was  active  both  in  the  war  of  1812  and  the 
Black  Hawk  war.  He  was  born  in  Kentucky  in  1789  :  came  to  Illinois  in  1812,  and 
died  at  Carrollton,  Feb.  14,  1852. 

Thomas  Ford  —  Was  born  in  Pennsylvania  in  the  year  1800  ;  was  brought  by  his 
widowed  mother  to  Missouri  in  1804,  and  shortly  afterwards  to  Illinois.  He  received  a 
good  education,  studied  law  ;  was  elected  four  times  Judge,  twice  as  Circuit  Judge, 
Judge  of  Chicago,  and  Judge  of  Supreme  Court.  He  was  elected  governor  by  the 
Democratic  party  in  1842 ;  wrote  his  history  of  Illinois  in  1847,  and  died  in  1850. 

Augustus  C.  French  —  Was  born  in  New  Hampshire  in  1808  ;  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  in  1831,  and  shortly  afterwards  moved  to  Illinois  when  in  1846  he  was  elected 
governor.  On  the  adoption  of  the  Constitution  of  1848  he  was  again  chosen,  serving 
until  1853.     He  was  a  Democrat  in  politics. 

Joel  A.  Matteson — Was  born  in  Jefferson  county,  N.  Y.,  in  1808.  His  father  was 
a  farmer,  and  gave  his  son  only  a  common  school  education.  He  first  entered  upon 
active  life  as  a  small  tradesman,  but  subsequently  became  a  large  contractor  and  manu- 


196  GENERiU>   lilSTORY   OF   ILLINOIS. 

facturer.     He  was  a  heavy  contractor  in  building  the  canal.     He  was  elected  governor 

in  l>^o2  upon  the  Democratic  ticket. 

William  R.  Bissell — Wius  elected  by  the  Republican  party  in  1856.  He  had  pre- 
viously served  two  terms  in  Congress ;  was  colonel  in  the  Mexican  war  and  has  held 
minor  ofiBcial  positions.  He  was  born  in  New  York  State  in  1811 ;  received  a  common 
education  ;  came  to  Illnois  early  in  life  and  engaged  in  the  medical  profession.  This  he 
changed  for  the  law  and  became  a  noted  orator,  and  the  standard  bearer  of  the  Repub- 
lican party  in  Illinois.     He  died  in  1860  while  governor. 

Richard  Yates  —  "The  war  goveruor  of  Illinois,"  was  born  in  Warsaw,  Ky.,  in 
1818;  came  to  Illinois  in  1831;  served  two  terms  in  Congress;  in  1860  was  elected 
governor,  and  in  1865  United  States  Senator.  He  was  a  college  graduate,  and  read 
law  under  J.  J.  Hardin.  He  rapidly  rose  in  liis  chosen  profession  and  charmed"  the 
people  with  oratory.  He  filled  the  gubernatorial  chair  during  the  trying  days  of  the 
rebellion,  and  b)'  his  energy  and  devotion  won  the  title  of  "  War  Governor."  He  be- 
came addicted  to  strong  drink,  and  died  a  drunkard. 

Richard  J.  Ogleshy  —  Was  born  in  1824.  in  Kentucky;  an  orphan  at  the  age  of 
eight,  came  to  Illinois  when  onlj-  twelve  years  old.  He  was  apprenticed  to  learn  the 
carpenter's  trade ;  worked  some  at  fai-ming  aud  read  law  occasionally.  He  enlisted  in 
the  Mexican  war  and  was  chosen  First  Lieutenant.  After  his  return  he  again  took  up 
the  law,  but  during  the  gold  fever  of  1849  went  to  California :  soon  returned,  and,  in 
1852,  entered  upon  his  illustrious  political  career.  He  raised  the  second  regiment  in 
the  State,  to  suppress  the  rebellion,  and  for  gallantry  was  promoted  to  major  general. 
In  1863  he  was  elected  Governor,  and  re-elected  in  1872,  and  resigned  for  a  seat  in  the 
United  States  Senate.     He  is  a  staunch  Republican  and  resides  at  Decatur. 

Shelby  M.  Cullom  —  Was  born  in  Kentucky  in  1S28 ;  studied  law,  was  admitted  to 
the  bar,  and  commenced  the  practice  of  his  profession  in  1848 ;  was  elected  to  the 
State  Legislature  in  1856,  and  again  in  1860.  Served  on  the  war  commission  at  Cairo, 
1862,  and  was  a  member  of  the  39th,  40th  and  41st  Congress,  in  all  of  which  he  served 
with  credit  to  his  State.  He  was  again  elected  to  the  State  Legislature  in  1872,  and 
re-elected  in  1874,  and  was  elected  governor  of  Illinois  in  1876,  which  office  he  still . 
holds,  and  has  administered  with  marked  ability. 

LIEUTENANT  GOVERNOES. 

Pierre  Menard  —  Was  the  first  lieutenant  governor  of  Illinois.  He  was  born  in 
Quebec,  Canada,  in  1767.  He  came  to  Illinois  in  1790  where  he  engaged  in  the  In- 
dian trade  and  became  wealthy.  He  died  in  1844.  Menard  county  was  named  in  his 
honor. 

Adolpkus  F.  Ilubbard  —  Was  elected  lieutenant  goveruor  in  1822.  Four  years 
later  lie  ran  for  governor  against  Edwards,  but  was  beaten. 

William  Kinney — Was  elected  in  1826.  He  was  a  Baptist  clerg)'man  ;  was  born 
in  Kentucky  in  1781  and  came  to  Illinois  in  1793. 

Zadock  Caxey  —  Although  on  the  opposition  ticket  to  Governor  Reynolds,  the  suc- 
cessful gubernatorial  candidate,  Casey  was  elected  lieutenant  governor  in  1830.  He 
subsequently  served  several  terms  in  Congress. 

Alexander  M.  Jenkim — was  elected  on  the  ticket  with  Governor  Duncan  in  1834 
by  a  handsome  majority. 

S.  H.  Anderson —  Lieutenant  Governor  under  Governor  Carlin,  was  chosen  in  1838. 
He  was  a  native  of  Tennessee. 

John  Moore  — Was  born  in  England  in  1793;  came  to  Illinois  in  1830;  was  elected 
lieutenant  governor  in  1^42.     He  won  the  name  of  "Honest  John  Moore." 

Joieph  B.   Wells —  Was  chosen  with  Governor  French  at  his  first  election  in  1846. 


GENERAL  HISTORY   OF   ILLINOIS.  197 

William  McMurtry  —  In  1 848  when  Governor  French  was  again  chosen  governor, 
William  McMurtry,  of  Knox  county,  was  elected  lieutenant  governor. 

Gustavus  P.  Koerner — Was  elected  in  1852.  He  was  born  in  Germany  in  1809. 
At  the  age  of  22  came  to  Illinois.  In  1872  he  was  a  candidate  for  Governor  on  Liberal 
ticket,  but  was  defeated.  * 

John  Wood — Was  elected  in  1856,  and  on  the  death  of  Governor  Bissell,  became 
Governor. 

Francis  A.  Hoffman  —  Was  chosen  with  Governor  Yates  in  1860.  He  was  born  in 
Prussia  in  1822,  and  came  to  Illinois  in  1840. 

William  Brass — Was  born  in  New  Jersey,  came  to  Illinois  in  1848,  and  was  elected 
to  office  in  1864. 

John  Dougherty — Was  elected  in  1868,  and  died  in  September,  1879. 

John  L.  Beveridge — Was  chosen  Lieutenant-Governor  in  1872.  In  1873  Oglesby 
was  elected  to  the  United  States  Senate,  and  Beveridge  became  Governor. 

Andrew  Shuman — Was  elected  Nov.  7,  1876,  and  is  the  present  incumbent. 

SUPERINTENDENT    OF    PUBLIC   INSTRUCTION. 

Ninian  W.  Edwards - 1854-56       Newton  Bateraan 1859-75 

W.  H.  Powell 1857-58       Samuel  M.  Etter 1876 

ATTORNEY   GENERALS. 

Daniel  P.  Cook -I819  Geo.  W.  Olney. 1838 

William  Mears __ 1S20  Wickliffe  Kitchell _ 1839 

Samuel  D.  Lockwood 1S21-22  Josiah  Lamborn __ 1841-42 

James  Turney 1823-28  James  A.  McDougall 1843-46 

George  Forquer 1829-32  David  B.  Campbell 1846 

James  Semple 1833-34  [Office  abolished  and  re-created  in  1867.] 

Ninian  E.  Edwards 1834-35  Robert  G.  IngersoU 1867-68 

Jesse  B.  Thomas,  Jr 1S35  Washington  Bushnell 1869-72 

Walter  B.  Scates 1836  James  K.  Edsall 1873-79 

Asher  F.  Linder 1837 

TREASURERS. 

John  Thomas 18 18-19  James  Miller 1857-60 

R.  K.  McLaughlin ..1819-22  William  Butler _ 1861-62 

Ebner  Field 1823-26  Alexander  Starne 1863-64 

James  Hall.. _ ._ 1827-30  James  H.  Beveridge 1865-66 

John  Dement 1831-36  George  W.  Smith 1867-68 

Charles   Gregory 1836  Erastus  N.  Bates 1869-72 

John  D.  Whiteside.- 1837-40  Edward  Rutz 1873-75 

M.  Carpenter 1841-4S  Thomas  S.  Ridgeway 1876-77 

John  Moore 1848-56  Edward  Rutz _._ 1878-79 

SECRETARIES   OF   STATE. 

Elias  K.  Kane 1S18-22  Thompson  Campbell 1843-46 

Samuel  D.  Lockwood .1822-23  Horace  S.  Cooley 1846-49 

David  Blackwell 1823-24  David  L.  Gregg ..1850-52 

Morris  Birkbeck. 1824  Alexander  Starne 1853-56 

George  Forquer 1825-2S  Ozias  M.  Hatch 1857-60 

Alexander  P.Field. .1829-40  Sharon  Tyndale 1865-68 

Stephen  A.  Douglass 1840  Edward  Rummel 1869-72 

Lyman  Trumbull , 1841-42  George  H.  Harlow - 1873-79 

AUDITORS. 

Elijah  C.  Berry 181 8-31  Thompson  Campbell - 1846 

I.  T.  B.  Stapp 1831-35  Jesse  K.  Dubois 1857-64 

Levi  Davis 1835-40  Orlin  H.   Miner 1865-68 

James  Shields 1841.42  Charles  E.  Lippencott 1869-76 

W.  L.  D.  Ewing .1843.45  Thompson  B.  Needles .".1877-79 


198  GKNEKAL   HISTORY   OF   IF-LINOIS. 

UNITED   STATES   SENATORS. 

Ninian  Edwardit — On  the  organization  of  the  State  in  1818,  Edwards,  the  popular 
Territorial  Governor,  was  chosen  Senator  for  the  short  terra,  and  re-elected  for  full  term 
in  1819. 

Jesse  B.  Thomas — One  of  the  federal  judges  during  the  entire  territorial  existence 
was  chosen  Senator  upon  organization  of  the  State,  and  re-elected  in  1823,  and  served 
tUl  1829. 

John  McLean — In  1824  Edwards  resigned,  and  McLean  was  elected  to  fill  his  unex- 
pired term.  He  was  born  in  North  Carolina  in  1791,  and  came  to  Illinois  in  1815  ;  served 
one  term  in  Congress,  and  in  1829  was  elected  to  the  United  States  Senate,  but  died  the 
following  year.     He  is  said  to  have  been  the  most  gifted  man  of  his  period  in  Illinois. 

Elias  Kent  Kane — Was  elected  Nov.  30,  1824,  for  the  term  beginning  March  4, 182.5. 
In  1830  he  was  re-elected,  but  died  before  the  expii-ation  of  his  term.  He  was  a  native 
of  New  York,  and  came  to  Illinois  in  1814.  He  was  first  Secretary  of  State,  and  after- 
ward State  Senator. 

David  Jeivett  Baker — Was  appointed  to  fill  the  unexpired  term  of  John  McLean, 
Nov.  12,  1830,  but  the  Legislature  refused  to  endorse  the  choice.  Baker  was  a  native  of 
Connecticut,  born  in  1792,  and  died  in  Alton  in  1869. 

John  M  Robinson — Instead  of  Baker,  the  Governor's  appointee,  the  Legislature  chose 
Robinson,  and  in  1834  he  was  re-elected.  In  1843  was  elected  Supreme  Judge  of  the 
State,  but  died  within  two  months.  He  was  a  native  of  Kentucky,  and  came  to  Illinois 
when  quite  young. 

William  L.  D.  Ewing — Was  elected  in  1835,  to  fill  the  vacancy  occasioned  by  the 
death  of  Kane.     He  was  a  Kentuckian. 

Richard  M  Young — Was  elected  in  1836,  and  held  his  seat  from  March  4,  1837,  to 
March  4,  1843,  a  full  term.  He  was  a  native  of  Kentucky  ;  was  Circuit  Judge  before 
his  election  to  the  Senate,  and  Supreme  Judge  in  1842.  He  died  in  an  insane  iisylum  at 
Washington. 

Samuel  McRoberts  —  The  first  native  lUiuoisan  ever  elevated  to  the  high  office  of  U. 
S.  Senator  from  this  State,  was  born  in  1799,  and  died  in  1843  on  his  return  home  from 
Washington.  He  was  elected  Circuit  Judge  in  1824,  and  March  4,  1841,  took  his  seat 
in  the  U.  S.  Senate. 

Sidney  Breese  —  Was  elected  to  the  U.  S.  Senate,  Deo.  17,  1842,  and  served  a  full 
term.  He  was  born  in  Oneida  county,  N.  Y.  He  was  Major  in  the  Black  Hawk  war; 
Circuit  Judge,  and  in  1841  was  elected  Supreme  Judge.  He  served  a  full  term  in  the 
U.  S.  Senate,  beginning  March  4,  1843,  after  which  he  was  elected  to  the  Legislature, 
again  Circuit  Judge,  and,  in  1857,  to  tlie  Supreme  Court,  which  position  he  held  until 
his  death  in  1878. 

James  Semple  —  Was  the  successor  of  Samuel  McRoberts,  was  appointed  by  Governor 
Ford  in  1843.     He  was  afterwards  elected  Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court. 

Stephen  A.  Douglas —  Was  elected  Dec.  14,  1846.  He  had  previously  served  three 
terms  as  Congressman.  He  became  his  own  successor  in  1853  and  again  in  1859.  From 
his  first  entrance  in  the  Senate  he  was  acknowledged  the  jieer  of  Clay.  Webster  and  Cal- 
liouii,  witli  whom  he  served  his  first  term.  His  famous  contest  witii  Abraham  Lincoln 
for  the  Senate  in  1858  is  the  most  memorable  in  the  annals  of  our  country.  It  was  called 
the  Battle  of  the  Giants,  and  resulted  in  Douglas'  election  to  tiie  Senate,  and  Lincoln  to 
the  Presidency.  He  was  l)orn  in  Brandon,  Vermont,  April  23,  1813,  came  to  Illinois  in 
1833,  and  died  in  1861.  He  was  aj)iiointed  Secretary  of  State  by  Gov.  Carlin  in  1840, 
and  shortly  afterward  to  the  Suj)reme  Bench. 

James  Shields — Was  elected  and  assumed  his  seat  in  the  U.  S.  .Senate  in  1849,  March 
4.     He  was  born  in  Ireland  in  1810,  came  to  the  L'nited   States  in  1827.     He   served    in 


GENERAL    HISTORY  OF   ILLINOIS.  199 

the  Mexican  army,  was  elected  Senator  from  Minnesota,  and  in  1879  from  Missouri  for 
a  short  term,  and  died  at  Ottiimna,  Iowa,  while  on  a  visit  to  a  daughter  there  in  the  early 
part  of  1879.     He  was  the  only  statesman  to  represent  three  States  in  the  U.  S.  Senate. 

Lyman  Trwmbull  —  Took  his  seat  in  the  U.  S.  Senate  March  4, 1855,  and  became  his 
own  successor  in  1861.  He  had  previously  served  one  term  in  the  Lower  House  of  Con- 
gress, and  served  on  the  Supreme  Bench.  He  was  born  in  Connecticut ;  studied  law 
and  came  to  Illinois  in  early  life,  where  for  years  he  was  actively  engaged  in  politics.  He 
resides  iu  Chicago. 

Orvill  H.  Browning — Was  appointed  U.  S.  Senator  in  1861,  to  fill  the  seat  made 
vacant  by  the  death  of  Stephen  A.  Douglas,  until  a  Senator  could  be  regularly  elected. 
Mr.  Browning  was  born  in  Harrison  county,  Kentucky  ;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1831, 
and  settled  in  Quincy,  Illinois,  where  he  engaged  in  the  practice  of  law,  and  was  instru- 
mental, with  his  friend,  Abraham  Lincoln,  in  forming  the  Republican  party  of  Illinois  at 
the  Bloomington  Convention.  He  entered  Johnson's  cabinet  as  Secretary  of  the  Interior, 
and  in  March,  1868,  was  designated  by  the  President  to  perform  the  duties  of  Attorney 
General,  in  addition  to  his  own,  as  Secretary  of  the  Interior  Department. 

William  A.  Richardson  —  Was  elected  to  the  U.  S.  Senate  in  1863,  to  fill  the  unex- 
pired term  of  his  friend,  Stephen  A.  Douglas.  He  was  born  in  Fayette  county,  Ky., 
about  1810,  studied  law,  and  settled  in  Illinois ;  served  as  captain  in  the  Mexican  War, 
and,  on  the  battle-field  of  Buena  Vista,  was  promoted  for  bravery,  by  a  unanimous 
vote  of  his  regiment.  He  served  in  the  Lower  House  of  Congress  from  1847  to  1856, 
continually. 

Richard  Yates  —  Was  elected  to  the  U.  S.  Senate  in  1865,  serving  a  full  term  of  six 
years.     He  died  in  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  Nov.  27,  1873. 

John  A.  Logan  —  Was  elected  to  the  U.  S.  Senate  in  1871.  He  was  born  in  Jackson 
county,  111.,  Feb.  9,  1826,  received  a  common  school  education,  and  enlisted  as  a  private 
in  the  Mexican  War,  where  he  rose  to  the  rank  of  Regimental  Quartermaster.  On  re- 
turning home  he  studied  law,  and  came  to  the  bar  in  1852  ;  was  elected  in  1858  a  Repre- 
sentative to  the  36th  Congress  and  re-elected  to  the  37th  Congress,  resigning  in  1861  to 
take  part  in  the  suppression  of  the  Rebellion  ;  served  as  Colonel  and  subsequently  as  a 
Major  General,  and  commanded,  with  distinction,  the  armies  of  the  Tennessee.  He  was 
again  elected  to  the  U.  S.  Senate  in  1879  for  six  years. 

David  Davis  —  Was  elected  to  the  U.  S.  Senate  in  1877  for  a  term  of  six  years.  He 
was  born  in  Cecil  county,  Md.,  March  9, 1815,  graduated  at  Kenyon  College,  Ohio,  studied 
law,  and  removed  to  Illinois  in  1835;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  and  settled  in  Blooming- 
ton,  where  he  has  since  resided  and  amassed  a  large  fortune.  For  many  years  he  was  the 
intimate  friend  and  associate  of  Abraham  Lincoln,  rode  the  circuit  with  him  each  year, 
and  after  Lincoln's  election  to  the  Presidency,  was  appointed  to  fill  the  position  of  Judge 
of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  United  Status. 

REPRESENTATIVES  IN  CONGRESS. 

FIFTEENTH    CONGRESS.  NINETEENTH  CONGRESS. 

John  McLean _ I8i8  Daniel  P.  Cook 182^-26 

SIXTEENTH   CONGRESS.  TWENTIETH    CONGRESS. 

Daniel  P.  Cook l8ig-20  Joseph  Duncan --1827-28 

SEVENTEENTH  CONGRESS.  TWENTY-FIRST  COKGRESS. 

Daniel  P.  Cook 1821-22  Joseph  Duncan -I829-30 

EIGHTEENTH  CONGRESS.  TWENTY-SECOND  CONGRESS. 

Daniel  P.  Cook-- 1823-24  Joseph  Duncan - i S3 1-32 

TWENTY-THIRD    CONGRESS. 
Joseph  Duncan 1833-34       Zadock  Casey 1 833-34 


200  GENERAL   IIISTOKY   OF   ILLINOIS 


TWENTY-FOURTH    CONGRESS. 


Zadock  Casey 1835-36       William  L.  May '835-36 

John  Reynolds 1835-35  *• 


TWENTY-FIFTH  CONGRESS. 


ZadockCascy 1837-38       William  L.  May 1837-38 

John  Reynolds 1837-38 


TWE.VTY-SIXTH   CONGRESS. 

Zadock  Casey 1839-40       John  T.  Stuart 1839-40 

John  Reynolds 1839-40 

TWBNTY-SEVENTH   CONGRESS. 

Zadock  Casey 1841-42       John  T.  Stuart 1841-42 

John  Reynolds 1841-42 

TWENTY-EIGHTH    CONGRESS. 

RobertSmith 1843-44  Joseph  P,  Hoge 1843-44 

Orlando  B.  Finklin 1843-44  John  J.  Hardin 1843-54 

Stephen  A.  Douglas 1843-44  John  Wentworth 1843-44 

John  A.  McClemand 1S43-44 

TWENTY-NINTH  CONGRESS. 

Robert  Smith 1845-46  Joseph  P.  Hoge 1845-46 

Stephen  A.  Douglas 1845-46  John  A.  .McClemand 1845-46 

Orlando  B.  Finklin '. 1845-46  John  Wentworth 1845-46 

John  J.  Hardin 1845 

THIRTIETH     CONGRESS. 

John  Wentworth 1847-48  Orlando  B.  Finklin 1847-48 

Thomas  J.  Turner 1847  RobertSmith 1847-4S 

Abraham  Lincoln .1847-48  William  A.  Richardson - 1847-48 

John  A.  McClernand 1847-48 

THIRTY-FIRST  CONGRESS. 

John  A.  McClernand 1849-50       Edward  D.  Baker 1849-50 

John  Wentworth 1849.50       William  H.  Bissell 1849-50 

Timothy  R.  Young 1849-50       Thomas  L.   Harris 1849 

William  A.   Richardson    ..1849-50 

THIRTY-SECOND  CONGRESS. 

William  A.  Richardson 1851-52       Richard  Y.ites 1851-53 

Thompson  Campbell 1851-52       R ichard  SMaloney 1851-52 

Orlando  B.  Finklin 1851-52      Wills 1851-52 

John  Wentworth 1851-52       William  H  Bissell 1851-52 

THIRTY-THIRD    CONGRESS. 

William  H.  Bissell 1853-54  Thompson  Campbell '853-54 

John  C.  Allen 1853-54  James   Knox 1853-54 

Willis 1853-54  Jesse    O.    Norton 1853-54 

Elihu  B.  Washburne 1853-54  William  A.  Richardson 1853-54 

Richard  Vates 1853-54 

THIRTY-FOURTH    CONGRESS. 

Elihu  B.  Washburne 1855-56  Samuel  S.  Marshall 1855-56 

Lyman   Trumbull 1855-56  J.  L.  D.  Morrison 1855-56 

James  H.  Wood  worth 1855-56  John  C.  Allen 1855-56 

James  Knox 1855-56  Jesse  O.  Norton 1855-56 

Thompson  Campbell 1855-56  William  A.  Richardion... l8$S~S^ 


GENERAL   HISTORY   OF   ir.TJNOIS.  201 

THlRTY-l-IFTH     CONGRKSS. 

Elihu   B.  Waslil)urne_,_ 1857-58       Samuel  S.  Marshall 1857-58 

Charles  D.   Hodges 1857-58       Isaac  N    Morris - 1857-58 

William  Kellogg. _ __ _ 1857-58       Aaron  Shaw _ 1857-58 

Thompson  Campbell _ 1857-58       Robert  Smith _ 1857-58 

John  F.  Farnsworth _. 1857-5S       Thomas  L.  Harris 1857-58 

Owen  Lovejoy 1857-5S 

THIRTH-SIXTH  CONGRESS. 

Elihu  B.  Washburne 1859-60       John  F.  Farnsworth '. .1859-60 

John  A.  Logan .1859-60       Philip  B.  Fouke 1859-60 

Owen  Lovejoy 1S59-60       Thomas  L.   Harris 1859-60 

John  A.   McCIernand ..1859-60       William  Kellogg  ...    1859-60 

Isaac   N.  Morris 1859-60       James  C.   Robinson 1859-60 

THIRTY-SEVENTH    CONGRESS. 

Elihu  B.'  Washburne 1861-62       Isaac  N.  Arnold... .1861-62 

James  C.  Robinson 1861-52       Philip  B.   Fouke 1861-62 

John  A.  Logan. 1861-62       William  Kellogg 1861-62 

Owen    Lovejoy . 1861-62       Anthony  L.  Knapp .1861-62 

John  A.   McCIernand 1861-62       Wiliiam  A.  Richardson 1861-62 

THIRTY-EIGHTH    CONGRESS. 

Elihu  B.  Washburne 1863-64       William  J.  Alien.. ..1863-64 

Jesse  O.  Norton. .' 1S63-64       Isaac  N.  Arnold 1863-64 

James  C.  Robinson 1863-64       John  R.  Eden 1S63-64 

Lewis  W.  Ross 1863-64       John  F.  Farnsworth ..      1863-64 

John  T.  Stuart 1863-64       Charles  W.  Morris 1863-64 

Owen  Lovejoy 1863-64       Eben  C.  Ingersoli 1863-64 

William  R.  Morrison 1863-64       Anthony  L.  Knapp .1863-64 

John  C.  Allen . 1863-64 

THIRTY-NINTH    CONGRESS. 

Elihu  B.  Washburne 1865-66       John  F.  Farnsworth 1865-66 

Anthony  B.  Thornton 1865-66       Jehu  Baker 1865-66 

John  Wentworth 1865-66       Henry  P.  H.  Bromwell 1865-66 

Abner  C.  Hardin      _. 1865-66       Andrew  Z.   Kuvkandall 1865-66 

Eben  C.  Ingersoli 1865-66       Samuel  S.  Marshall 1865-66 

Barton  C.  Cook ...1865-66       Samuel  W.  Moulton 1865-66 

Shelby  M.  Cullom 1865-66       Lewis  W.  Ross 1865-66 

FORTIETH  CONGRESS. 

Elihu  B.  Washburne 1867-6S       John  F.  Farnsworth 1867-68 

Abner  C.  Hardin 1S67-68        jeliu  Baker 1867-68 

Eben  C.  Ingersoli 1867-68       Henry  P.  H.  Bromwell ...1867-68 

Norman  B.  Judd 1867-68       lolm  A.  Logan  1867-68 

Albert  G.  Burr 1867-6S       Samuel  S.  Marshall 1867-68 

Burton  C.  Cook -. 1S67-6S       Green  B.  Raum 1867-68 

Shelby  M.  Cullom 1867-68       Lewis  W.  Ross 186^-68 

FORTY-FIRST   CONGRESS. 

Norman  B.  Judd .1869-70       Shelby  M.  Cullom 1869-70 

John  F.  Farnsworth 1869-70       Thomas  W.  McNeely 1869-70 

H.  C.  Burchard. 1869-70       AUiert  G.  Burr ' 1869-70 

John  B.  Hawley 1869-70       Samuel  S.  Marshall 1869-70 

Eben  C.  Ingersoli 1869-70       John  B.  Hay 1869-70 

Burton  C.  Cook .1869-70       John  M.  Crebs _. 1869-70 

Jesse  H.  Moore 1869-70       John  A.  Logan 1869-70 

FORTY-SECOND   CONGRESS. 

Charles  B.  Farwell 1871-72       James  C.  Robinson 1871-72 

John  F.  Farnsworth. 1871-72       Thomas  W.  McNeely .1871-72 

Horatio  C.  Burchard 1871-72       Edward  Y.  Rice 1871-72 

John  B.  Hawley 1871-72       Samuel  S.  Marshall 1871-72 

Bradford  N.  Stevens 1871-72       John  B.   Hay 1 8 71-72 

Henry  Snapp. ..1871-72       John  M.  Crebs ..1871-72 

Jesse  H.   Moore 1871-72       John  S.  Beveredge 1871-72 

14 


202 


<;eneh.\i,  histoky  ok  ii.mnois 


FORTY-THIRD   CONCKESS. 


John  \i.   Rice 1873-74 

Jasper  D.  Ward 1873-74 

Charles  B.   Farwell 1873-74 

Stephen  A.  Hurlbut 1873-74 

Horatio  C.  Burchard 1873-74 

John  B.  Hawley 1873-74 

Franklin  Corwin 1873-74 

Ureenbury  L.   Fort 1873-74 

Granville  Barrere 1873-74 

William  H.  Ray 1873-74 


Robert  M.  Knapp 1873-74 

James  C.  Robinson '873-74 

John  B.  McNulta 1873-74 

Joseph  G.  Cannon 1873-74 

John  R.  Eden 1873-74 

James  S.  Martin 1S73-74 

William  R.  Morrison 1873-74 

Isaac  Clements 1873-74 

Samuel  S.  Marshall 1873-74 


FORTY-FOURTH   CONGRESS. 


Bernard  G.  Caulfield 1875-76 

Carter  II.  Harrison 1875-76 

Charles  B.  Farwell 1875-76 

Stephen  A.  Hurlbut 1875-76 

Horatio  C.  Burchard 1875-76 

Thomas  J.   Henderson 1875-76 

Alexander  Campbell .  1875-76 

Greenbury  L.  Fort 1875-76 

Richard  H.  Whiting 1875-76 

John  C.  Bagby 1875-76 


Scott  Wike 1875-76 

William  M.  Springer 1S75-76 

Adiai  E.  Stevenson 1875-76 

Joseph  G.  Cannon 1875-76 

John  R.  Eden 1875-76 

W.  A.  J.  Sparks 1875-76 

William  R.  Morrison 1875-76 

William  Hartzell 1875-76 

William  B.  Andersen 1875-76 


FORTY-FIFTH   CONGRESS. 


William  .\ldrich 1 877-7S 

Carter  H.  Harrison 1877-78 

Lorenzo  Brentano 1 877-78 

William  Lathrop 1877-78 

Horatio  C.  Burchard 1877-78 

Thomas  J.   Henderson 1877-78 

Philip  C.  Hayes 1877-78 

Greenbury  L.  Fort 1877-78 

Thomas  A.  Boyd 1877-78 

Benjamin  F.  Marsh 1877-78 


Robert  M.  Knapp 1877-78 

William  M.  Springer 1877-78 

Thomas  F.  Tipton 1877-78 

Joseph  0.  Cannon 1877-78 

John  R.  Eden 1877-78 

W.  A.J.  Sparks 1877-78 

William  R.  Morrison 1877-78 

William  Hartzell 1877-78 

Richard  W.  Townsend 1877-78 


FORTY-SIXTH    CONC.RF.SS. 


William  Aldrich 1879-80 

George  R.  Davis 1879-80 

Hiram  Barber 1879-80 

John  C.  Sherwin 1879-80 

R.  M.  A.  Hawk 1879-80 

Thomas  J.  Henderson 1879-80 

I'hilipC.  H.-iyes 1879-80 

Greenbury  I..   Fort 1879-80 

Tliomxs  A.  Boyd 1879-80 

Benjamin  F.  Marsh 1879-80 


James  W.  Singleton 1879-80 

William  M.  Springer 1879-80 

A.  E.  Stevenson 1879-80 

Joseph  G.  Cannon 1879-80 

Albert  P.  Forsythe 1879-80 

W.  A.  J;  Sparks 1879-80 

William  R.  Morrison 1879-80 

John  R.  Thomas 1879-80 

R.  W.  Townsend 1879-80 


GENERAL  HISTORY  OP   ILLINOIS.  203 

CHAPTER  XIX. 

STATES  OF  THE  UNION. 

DateofSettlement  —  Origin  and  Meaningof  Names  —  Cognomen  —  Mottoes — When  Admitted  totlie  Union  — 
Area  —  Population  —  Number  of  Soldiers  Furnislied  During  tlie  War  of  the  Rebellion  —  Number  of  Rep- 
resentatives in  Congress  —  Present  Governors,  etc. 

Alabama.  —  This  State  was  first  explored  by  LaSalle  in  1684,  and  settled  by  the 
French  at  Mobile  in  1711,  and  admitted  as  a  State  in  1817.  Its  name  is  Indian,  and 
means  "  Here  we  rest."  Has  no  motto.  Population  in  1860,  964,201  ;  in  1870,  996,992. 
Furnished  2,576  soldiers  for  the  Union  army.  Area  50,722  square  miles.  Montgomery 
is  the  capital.  Has  eight  Representatives  and  ten  Presidential  electors.  Rufus 
W.  Cobb  is  Governor ;  salary,  f  3,000 ;  politics.  Democratic.  Length  of  term,  two 
years. 

Arkansas  —  Became  a  State  in  1836.  Population  in  1860,  435,450  ;  in  1870,  484,471. 
Area  52,198  square  miles.  Little  Rock,  the  "  City  of  Roses,"  is  the  capital.  Its  motto 
is  Regnant  Populi — '-The  people  rule."  It  has  the  Indian  name  of  its  principal  river. 
Is  called  the  "  Bear  State."  Furnished  8,289  soldiers.  She  is  entitled  four  members  in 
Congress,  and  six  electoral  votes.  Governor,  W.  R.  Miller,  Democrat ;  salary,  $3,500  ; 
term,  two  years. 

California  —  Has  a  Greek  motto.  Eureka,  which  means  "I  have  found  it.'  It  de- 
rived its  name  from  the  bay  forming  the  peninsula  of  Lower  California,  and  was  first  ap- 
plied by  Cortez.  It  was  first  visited  by  the  Spaniards  in  1542,  and  b}'  the  celebrated 
English  navigator.  Sir  Francis  Drake,  in  1578.  In  1846  Fremont  took  possession  of  it, 
defeating  the  Mexicans,  in  the  name  of  the  United  States,  and  it  was  admitted  as  a  State 
in  1850.  Its  gold  mines  from  1868  to  1878  produced  over  $800,000,000.  Area  188,982 
square  miles.  Population  in  1860,  379,994.  In  1870,  560,247.  She  gave  to  defend  the 
Union  15,225  soldiers.  Sacramento  is  the  capital.  Has  four  Representatives  in  Congress. 
Is  entitled  to  six  Presidential  electors.  Present  Governor  is  William  Irwin,  a  Democrat; 
term,  four  years  ;  salary,  $6,000. 

Colorado  —  Contains  106,475  square  miles,  and  had  a  population  in  1860  of  34,277, 
and  in  1870,  39,864.  She  furnished  4,903  soldiers.  Was  admitted  as  a  State  in  1876. 
It  has  a  Latin  motto.  Nil  sine  Numine,  which  means,  "  Nothing  can  be  done  without  di- 
vine aid."  It  was  named  from  its  river.  Denver  is  the  capital.  Has  one  member  in 
Congress,  and  three  electors.  T.  W.  Pitkin  is  Governor  ;  salary.  $3,000  ;  term  two  years; 
politics.  Republican. 

Connecticut — Qui  transtulit  sustinet,  "He  who  brought  us  over  sustains  us,"  is  her 
motto.  It  was  named  from  the  Indian  Quon-ch-ta-Cut,  signifying  "  Long  River."  It 
is  called  the  "Nutmeg  State."  Area  4,674  square  miles.  Population  1860,  460,147  ;  in 
1870,  537,454.  Gave  to  the  Union  army  55,755  soldiers.  Hartford  is  the  capital.  Has 
four  Representatives  in  Congress,  and  is  entitled  to  six  Presidential  electors.  Salary  of 
Governor,  $2,000 ;  term,  two  years. 

Delaware.  —  "  Liberty  and  Independence,"  is  the  motto  of  this  State.  It  was  named 
after  Lord  De  La  Ware,  an  English  statesman,  and  is  called  "  The  Blue  Hen,"  and  the 
"  Diamond  State."  It  was  first  settled  by  the  Swedes  in  1638.  It  was  one  of  the  origi- 
nal thirteen  States.  Has  an  area  of  2,120  square  miles.  Population  in  1860,  112,216  ; 
in  1870,  125.015.     She  sent  to  the  front  to  defend  the  Union,  12,265  soldiers.     Dover  is 


204  CKXEUAL   FIISTOKY  OK   ir.I.lNOIS 

the  capital.     Has  but  one  member  in  Congress ;  entitled  to  three  Presidential  electors. 
John  W.  Hall,  Democrat,  is  Governor ;  salary,  ^2,000  ;  term  two  years. 

Florida  —  Was  discovered  by  Ponce  de  Leon  in  1.512,  on  Easter  Sunday,  called  by 
the  Spaniards,  Pascua  Florida,  which,  with  tiie  variety  and  beauty  of  the  tlowers  at  this 
early  season,  caused  him  to  name  it  Florida  —  wliich  means  in  Spanish,  flowery.  Its 
motto  is,  "  In  God  we  trust."  It  was  admitted  into  the  Union  in  184o.  It  has  an  area 
of  .59,268  square  miles.  Population  in  18lJ0,  140.424  ;  in  1870,  187,757.  Its  capital  is 
Tallahassee.  Has  two  members  in  Congress.  Has  four  Presidential  electors.  George 
F.  Drew,  Democrat,  Governor;  term,  four  yeare ;  salarj-,  f3,500. 

Georgia  —  Owes  its  name  to  George  II.,  of  England,  who  first  established  a  colony 
there  in  1732.  Its  motto  is,  "  Wisdom,  justice  and  moderation."  It  was  one  of  the 
original  States.  Population  in  1860,  1.057,286 ;  1870,  1,184,109.  Capital,  Atlanta. 
Area,  58,000  square  miles.  Has  9  representatives  in  Congress,  and  11  Presiden- 
tial electoi-s.  Her  Governor  is  A.  H.  Colquitt,  Democrat ;  term,  four  years ;  salary, 
*4,000. 

Illinois — Motto,  "State  Sovereignty,  National  Union."  Name  derived  from  the 
Indian  word.  Illini,  meaning,  superior  men.  It  is  called  the  '•  Prairie  State,"  and  its  in- 
habitants, "  Suckers.  "  Was  first  explored  by  the  French  in  167o.  and  admitted  into 
the  Union  in  1818.  Area  55,410  square  miles.  Population,  in  1860, 1,711,951 ;  in  1870, 
2,539,871.  She  sent  to  the  front  to  defend  the  Union,  225,-300  soldiers.  Capital. 
Springfield.  Has  19  members  in  Congress,  and  21  Presidential  electors.  Shelby  M. 
Cullom,  Republican,  is  Governor  ;  elected  for  4  yeai-s  ;  salary,  «6.000. 

Indiana  —  Is  called  ••  Hoosier  State."  Was  explored  in  1682,  and  admitted  as  a 
State  in  1816.  Its  name  was  suggested  by  its  numerous  Inilian  population.  Area 
33,809  square  miles.  Population  in  i860,  1,3-50,428 ;  in  1870,1,680,637.  She  put  into 
the  Federal  army,  194,363  men.  Capital,  Indianapolis.  Has  13  members  in  Congress, 
and  15  Presidential  electors.  J.  D.Williams,  Governor,  Democrat ;  salary,  ^3,000  ;  term, 
4  years. 

Iowa — Is  an  Indian  name  and  means  "This  is  the  land."  Its  motto  is.  "Our  liber- 
ties we  prize,  our  rights  we  will  maintain."  It  is  called  the  "  Hawk  Eye  State."  It 
was  first  visited  by  Marquette  and  Joliet  in  1673 ;  settled  by  New  Englanders  in  1833, 
and  admitted  into  the  Union  in  1846.  Des  Moines  is  the  capital.  It  has  an  area  of 
65,045  .square  miles,  and  a  population  in  1860  of  674,913,  and  in  1870  of  1,191,802.  She 
sent  75,793  soldiers  to  defend  the  Government.  Has  9  members  in  Congress;  11  Pres- 
idential electors.  John  H.  Gear,  Republican,  is  Governor;  salary.  -^2,500  ;  term,  2 
years. 

Kan»a» — Was  admitted  into  the  Union  in  1861,  making  the  thirty-fourth  State. 
Its  motto  is  j4(f  ag^ra/Jcr  (i«Bera,  "To  the  stars  through  diCBculties."  Its  name  means, 
"Smoky  water,"  and  is  (lerived  from  one  of  her  rivers.  Area  78,841  sijuare  miles. 
Population  in  I860,  107,209  ;  in  1870  was  362,812.  She  furnished  20,095  soldiers.  Cap- 
ital is  Topeka.  Has  3  represenUitives  in  Congress,  anil  5  Presidential  electors.  John 
P.  St.  John,  Governor;  politics,  Ri'puldican  ;  salary,  •'i'3, 000  ;  term,  2  years. 

Kentucky  —  Is  tlie  Indian  name  for  "  At  the  head  of  the  rivers."  Its  motto  is, 
"  United  we  stand,  divided  we  fall."  The  sobriquet  of  "dark  and  liloody  ground  "  is 
applied  to  this  State.  It  was  first  settled  in  1769,  and  admitted  in  1792  as  tlie  fifteenth 
State.  Area  37,680  .sciuare  miles.  Population  in  1860,  l,l.">5,(is4  :  in  1S70.  I,:i21.000. 
She  put  into  the  Federal  army  75,:J85  soldiers.  Capital,  Frankfort.  Has  10  n»end)ers 
in  Congress;  12  electors.  J.  H.  McCreary,  Democrat,  is  Governor;  salary,  $5,000  ;  term, 
4  years. 

Louisiana  —  Was  called  after  Louis  XIV.,  who  at  one  time  owned  that  section  of 
the  country.  Its  motto  is  "  Union  and  Cotifidence."  It  is  called  "  The  Creole  State." 
It  was  visited  by    La  Sallu   in   1684,  and  admitted   into  the  Union  in  1812,  making  the 


GENEUAL   insTOHY   OF   ILLINOIS.  205 

eighteenth  State.  Population  in  1860,  708,002  ;  in  1870,  732,731.  Area  46,431  square 
miles.  It  put  into  tlie  Federal  army  5,224  men.  Capital,  New  Orleans.  Has  6  rep- 
resentatives and  8  electors.  F.T.Nichols,  Governor,  Democrat ;  salary,  #8,000;  term, 
4  years. 

Maine  —  This  State  was  called  after  the  providence  of  Maine  in  France,  in  compli- 
ment of  Queen  Henrietta  of  England,  who  owned  that  province.  Its  motto  is  Dirigo, 
meaning  "  I  direct."  It  is  called  "The  Pine  Tree  State."  It  was  settled  by  tlie  Eng- 
lish in  162").  It  was  admitted  as  a  State  in  1820.  Area  31,766  square  miles.  Popu- 
lation in  1860,  628,279  ;  in  1870,  626,463  ;  69,738  soldiers  went  from  this  State.  Has  5 
members  in  Congress,  and  7  electors.  Selden  Conner,  Republican,  Governor;  term,  1 
year ;  salary,  $2,-500. 

Maryland —  Was  named  after  Henrietta  Maria,  Queen  of  Charles  I.  of  England.  It 
has  a  Latin  motto,  C'recite  et  multiplicaniini.,  meaning  "  Increase  and  Multipl}'."  It  was 
settled  in  1634,  and  was  one  of  the  original  thirteen  States.  It  has  an  area  of  11,124 
square  miles.  Population  in  1860  was  687,049  ;  in  1870,  780,806.  This  State  furnished 
46,053  soldiers.  Capital,  Annapolis.  Has  6  representatives,  and  8  Pi'esidential  electors. 
J.  H.  Carroll,  Democrat,  Governor  ;  salary,  #4,500  ;  term,  4  years. 

Massachusetts — Is  the  Indian  for  "The  country  around  the  great  hills."  It  is 
called  the  "Bay  State,"  from  its  numerous  bays.  Its  motto  is  Ense  petit  placidam  sub 
lihertate  quietem,  "  By  the  sword  she  seeks  placid  rest  in  liberty."  It  was  settled  in  1620 
at  Plymouth  by  English  Puritans.  It  was  one  of  the  original  thirteen  States,  and  was  the 
first  to  take  up  arms  agains  the  English  during  the  Revolution.  Area  7,800  square  miles. 
Population  in  1860,  1,231,066 ;  in  1870,  1,457,351.  She  gave  to  the  Union  army  146,467 
soldiers.  Boston  is  the  capital.  Has  11  representatives  in  Congress,  and  13  Presidential 
electors.     Thomas  Talbot,  Republican,  is  Governor  ;  salary,  $5,000 ;  term,  1  year. 

Michigan  —  Latin  motto,  Luebor,  and  Si  qiueris  peninsulam  ama'nam  circumspice,  "  I 
will  defend  "  —  "If  you  seek  a  pleasant  peninsula,  look  around  you."  The  name  is  a  con- 
tracrion  of  two  Indian  words  meaning  "  Great  Lake."  It  was  early  explored  by  Jesuit 
missionaries,  and  in  1837  was  admitted  into  the  Union.  It  is  known  as  the  "  Wolverine 
State."  It  contains  56,243  square  miles.  In  1860  it  had  a  population  of  749,173;  in 
1870,  1,184,059.  She  furnished  88,111  soldiers.  Capital,  Lansing.  Has  9  representa- 
tives and  11  Presidential  electors.  C.  M.  Croswell  is  Governor  ;  politics.  Republican  ; 
salar3\  $1,000;  term,  2  years. 

Minnesota  —  Is  an  Indian  name,  meaning  "  Cloudy  Water."  It  has  a  French  motto, 
UEtoile  du  Nord  —  "  The  Star  of  the  North."  It  was  visited  in  1680  by  LaSalle,  settled 
in  1846,  and  admitted  into  the  Union  in  1858.  It  contains  83,531  square  miles.  In  1860 
had  a  population  of  172,023 ;  in  1870,439,511.  She  gave  to  the  Union  army  24,002 
soldiers.  St.  Paul  is  the  capital.  Has  3  members  in  Congress  ;  5  Presidential  electors. 
Governor,  J.  S.  Pillsbury,  Republican  ;  salary,  $3,000  ;  term,  2  years. 

Mississippi  —  Is  an  Indian  name,  meaning  "Long  River,"  and  the  State  is  named 
from  the  "  Father  of  Waters."  The  State  was  first  explored  by  De  Soto  in  1541 ;  setUed 
1)V  the  French  at  Natchez  in  1716,  and  was  admitted  into  the  Union  in  1817.  It  has  an 
area  of  47,156  square  miles.  Population  in  1860,  791,305  ;  in  1870,  827,922.  She  gave 
to  suppress  the  Rebellion  545  soldiers.  Jackson  is  the  capital.  Has  6  representatives  in 
Congress,  and  8  Presidential  electors.  J.  M.  Stone  is  Governor,  Democrat ;  salary,  $4,000; 
term,  4  years. 

Missouri  —  Is  derived  from  the  Indian  word  "muddy,"  which  more  properly  applies 
to  the  river  that  flows  through  it.  Its  motto  is  Salus  populi  suprema  lex  esto,  "  Let  the 
welfare  of  the  people  be  the  supreme  law."  The  State  was  first  settled  by  the  French 
near  Jefferson  City  in  1719,  and  in  1821  was  admitted  into  the  Union.  It  has  an  area  of 
67,380  square  miles,  equal  to  43,123,200  acres.  It  had  a  population  in  1860  of  1,182,012 ; 
in  1870,  1,721,000.     She  gave  to  defend  the  Union  108,162  soldiers.      Capital,  Jefferson 


JOB  UENEHAI,   HISTORY    OF    ILLINOIS. 

City.  Its  inhabitants  are  known  by  the  offensive  cognoman  of  ■'  Pukes."  Has  13  rep- 
resentatives in  Congress,  and  15  Presidential  electors.  J.  S.Phelps  is  Governor  :  politics. 
Democratic  ;  salary,  f5,000  ;  term,  4  j-ears. 

Nebraska —  Has  for  its  motto,  "  Equality  before  the  law."  Its  name  is  derived  from 
one  of  its  rivers,  meaning  "  broad  aiul  shallow,  or  low."  It  was  admitted  into  the  Union 
in  1867.  Its  capital  is  Lincoln.  It  had  a  population  in  1860  of  28,841,  and  in  1870,  123, - 
993,  and  in  1875,  246,280.  It  has  an  area  of  75,995  square  miles.  She  furnished  to  de- 
fend the  Union  3,157  soldiers.  Has  but  1  representative  and  3  Presidential  electors.  A. 
Nance,  Republican,  is  Governor;  salary,  82,500;  term,  2  years. 

Nevada  —  '•  Tlie  Snowy  Land"  derived  its  name  from  the  Spanish.  Its  motto  is 
Latin.  Voleim  et  potens,  and  means  "  wiliinLj  and  able."  It  wa.s  settled  in  1850.  and  ad- 
mitted into  the  Union  in  1864.  Capital,  Carson  City.  Its  population  in  1860  was  6,857  ; 
in  1870  it  was  42,491.  It  has  an  area  of  112,090  square  miles.  She  furnished  1,080 
soldiers  to  suppress  the  Rebellion.  Has  1  representative  and  3  electors.  Governor,  J. 
H.  Kiukhead,  Republican  ;  salary,  •S6.000  :  term,  4  years. 

New  Haripshire  —  Was  first  settled  at  Dover  by  the  English  in  1623.  Was  one  of 
the  original  States.  Has  no  motto.  It  is  named  from  Hampshire  county  in  England. 
It  also  bears  the  name  of  "  The  Old  Granite  State."  It  has  an  area  of  9,280  miles,  which 
equals  9,239,200  acres.  It  had  a  population  in  1860  of  326,073.  and  in  1870  of  318,300. 
She  increased  the  Union  army  with  33,913  soldiers.  Concord  is  the  capital.  Has  3  rep- 
resentatives and  5  Presidential  electors.  N.  Head,  Republican,  Governor  ;  salary,  81,000; 
term,  1  \ear. 

Neiv  Jergey  —  Was  named  in  honor  of  the  Island  of  Jersey  in  the  British  channel. 
Its  motto  is  "  Liberty  and  Independence."  It  »vas  first  settled  at  Bergen  by  the  Swedes 
in  1624.  It  is  one  of  the  original  thirteen  States.  It  has  an  area  of  8,320  square  miles, 
or  5,324,800  acres.  Population  in  1860  was  672,035  ;  in  1870  it  was  906.09  .  She  put 
into  the  Federal  army  75,315  soldiers.  Capital,  Trenton.  Has  7  representatives  and  9 
Presidential  electors.  Governor,  George  B.  McClelland,  Democrat ;  salary;  ■*5, 000  :  term, 
8  years. 

New  York —  The  "  Empire  State  "  was  named  by  liie  Duke  of  York,  afterward  King 
James  II.  of  Englan<l.  It  has  a  Latin  motto,  Uxcehior,  which  means  "  Still  Higher." 
It  was  first  settled  by  tlic  Dutch  in  1614  at  Manhattan.  It  has  an  area  of  17,000  s(iuare 
miles,  or  30,080,000  acres.  The  population  in  IStiO  was  3.ss0,735  ;  in  1870  it  was  4.:!32,- 
759.  It  is  one  of  the  original  tliirteen  States.  Ca[)ital  is  Alliany.  It  gave  to  defend 
our  (iovernment  445,959  men.  Has  .13  members  in  Congress,  and  35  Presidential  elec- 
tors.    Governor,  L.  Robinson,  Democrat;  salary,  810,000  ;  term,  3  years. 

North  Carolina  —  Was  named  after  Charles  IX.,  King  of  France.  It  is  called  "The 
Old  Nortli,"  or  "  Tlie  Turpentine  State."  It  was  first  visited  in  152  t  by  a  Floreiiline 
navigator,  sent  out  iiy  Francis  I.,  King  of  France.  It  was  settled  at  .\lbemarle  in  \M'.\. 
It  was  one  of  the  original  tliirteen  Slates.  It  has  an  area  of  50,704  square  miles,  ('(pial 
to  32,450,5-;0  acres.  It  had  in  1860  a  population  of  992,622,  and  in  1870,  1,071,:;61. 
Raleigh  is  the  capital.  She  furnished  3,156  soldiers  to  put  down  the  Rebellion.  Has  8 
members  in  Congress,  and  is  entitled  to  10  Presidential  electors.  Z.  B.  Vance,  (demo- 
crat, is  Governor;  salary,  85,000;  term,  1  years. 

Ohio — Took  its  name  from  tiie  river  on  its  Southern  boundary,  and  means  "  Beauti- 
ful." Its  motto  is  Iinperium  in  Imperio — "  An  Empire  in  an  ICinpire."  It  was  first  |>er- 
manently  settled  in  1788  at  Marietta  by  New  Euglanders.  It  was  admitted  as  a  State  in 
1803.  Its  capital  is  Columbus.  It  contains  39,9(54  square  miles,  or  25,576,960  acres. 
Population  in  1860,  2,339,511  ;  in  1S70  it  had  2,665,260.  She  sent  to  the  fpmt  during 
tlir;  Rebellion  310,t'.54  sohliers.  Has  20  re|ueseiitatives,  and  22  Presidential  eleetore. 
Governor,  R.  M.  Bishop.  Deinoeiai  ;  salary.  81.000;  term.  2  y<ais. 

Oregon — Owes  its  Indian  name  to  its  principal  river.     Its  motto  is  AUk  volat  propriit 


GENERAL   HISTORY   OF   ILLINOIS.  207 

— "She  flies  with  her  own  wings."  It  was  first  visited  by  the  Spaniards  in  the  sixteenth 
century.  It  was  settled  by  the  English  in  1813,  and  admitted  into  the  Union  in  1859. 
Its  capital  is  Salem.  It  has  an  area  of  95,274  square  miles,  equal  to  60, 975, -360  acres. 
It  had  in  1860  a  population  of  52,465  ;  in  1870,  90,922.  She  furnished  1,810  soldiers. 
She  is  entitled  to  1  member  in  Congress,  and  3  Presidential  electors.  W.  W.  Thayer, 
Republican,  is  Governor ;  salary,  $1,500  ;  term,  4  years. 

Pennslyvania — This  is  the  "Keystone  State,"  and  means  "  Penn's  Woods,"  and 
was  so  called  after  William  Penn,  its  original  owner.  Its  motto  is,  "  Virtue,  liberty  and 
independence."  A  colony  was  established  by  Penn  in  1682.  The  State  was  one  of  the 
original  tiiirteen.  It  lias  an  area  of  46,000  square  miles,  equaling  29,440,000  acres.  It 
had  in  1860  a  population  of  2,906,215:  and  in  1870,  3,515,993.  She  gave  to  suppress 
the  Rebellion,  338,155  soldiers.  Harrisburg  is  the  capital.  Has  27  representatives  and 
29  electors.  H.  M.  Hoyt,  is  Governor  ;  salary,  il0,000 ;  politics.  Republican ;  term  of 
office,  S  years. 

Rhode  Island  —  This,  the  smallest  of  the  States,  owes  its  name  to  the  Island  of 
Rhodes  in  the  Mediterranean,  which  domain  it  is  said  to  greatly  resemble.  Its  motto  is 
"  Hope,"  and  it  is  familiarly  called,  "Little  Rhody."  It  was  settled  by  Roger  Williams 
in  1636.  It  was  one  of  the  original  thirteen  States.  It  has  an  area  of  1,306  square 
miles,  or  835,840  acres.  Its  population  in  1860  numbered  174,620;  in  1870,  217,356. 
She  gave  to  defend  the  Union,  23,248  soldiers.  Its  capitals  are  Providence  and  New- 
port. Has  2  representatives,  and  4  Presidential  electors.  C.  Vanzandt  is  Governor  ; 
politics.  Republican  ;  salary,  §1,000  ;  term,  1  year. 

South  Carolina  —  The  Palmetto  State  wears  the  Latin  name  of  Charles  IX.,  of 
France  (Carolus).  Its  motto  is  Latin,  Animis  opibusque  parati,  "  Ready  in  will  and 
deed."  The  first  permanent  settlement  was  made  at  Port  Royal  in  1670,  where  the 
French  Huguenots  had  failed  three-quarters  of  a  century  before  to  found  a  settlement. 
It  is  one  of  the  original  thirteen  States.  Its  capital  is  Columbia.  It  has  an  area  of  29,- 
385  square  miles,  or  18,806,400  acres,  with  a  population  in  1860  of  703,708 ;  in  1870, 
728,000.  Has  5  representatives  in  Congress,  and  is  entitled  to  7  Presidential  electors. 
Salary  of  governor,  $3,500  ;  term,  2  years. 

Tennessee  —  Is  the  Indian  name  for  the  "River  of  the  Bend,"  i.  e.  the  Mississippi, 
which  forms  its  western  boundary.  She  is  called  "  The  Big  Bend  State."  Her  motto  is, 
"  Agriculture,  Commerce."  It  was  settled  in  1757,  and  admitted  iuto  the  Union  in  1796, 
making  the  sixteenth  State,  or  the  third  admitted  after  the  Revolutionary  War — Ver- 
mont being  the  first,  and  Kentucky  the  second.  It  has  an  area  of  45,600  square  miles, 
or  29.184,000  acres.  In  1860  its  population  numbered  1,109,801,  and  in  1870,  1,257,983. 
She  furnished  31,092  soldiers  to  suppress  the  Rebellion.  Nashville  is  the  capital.  Has 
10  representatives,  and  12  Presidential  electors.  Governor,  A.  S.  Marks,  Democrat ; 
salary,  $4,000  ;   terra,  2  years. 

Texas  —  Is  the  American  word  for  the  Mexican  name  by  which  all  that  section  of  the 
couutr}^  was  known  before  it  was  ceded  to  the  United  States.  It  is  known  as  "The 
Lone  Star  State."  The  first  settlement  was  made  by  LaSalle  in  1685.  After  the  inde- 
pendence of  Mexico  in  1822,  it  remained  a  Mexican  Province  until  1836,  when  it  gained 
its  independence,  and  in  1845  was  admitted  into  the  Union.  It  has  an  area  of  237,504 
square  miles,  equal  to  152,002,560  acres.  Its  population  in  1860  was  604,215;  in  1870, 
818,579.  She  gave  to  put  down  the  Rebellion  1,965  soldiers.  Capital,  Austin,  Has 
6  representatives,  and  8  Presidential  electors.  Governor,  O.  M.  Roberts,  Democrat ; 
salary,  $5,000 ;  term,  2  years. 

Vermont  —  Bears  the  Freucli  name  of  her  mountains  Verde  Mont,  "Green  Moun- 
tains." Its  motto  is  "  Freedom  and  Unity."  It  was  settled  in  1731,  and  admitted  into 
the  Union  in  1791.  Area,  10,212  square  miles.  Population  in  1860,  315,098 ;  in  1870, 
330,551.     She  gave  to  defend  the   Government  33,272  soldiers.      Capital.   Montpelier. 


208  GENERAL   MISTOItV   OF   ILLINOIS 

Has  3  representatives,  and  5  electors.  Governor,  II.  Fairbanks,  Republican  ;  term,  2 
year.s ;  salary,  81.000. 

Virginia  —  The  Old  Dominion,  as  the  State  is  called,  is  the  oldest  of  the  States.  It 
was  named  in  honor  of  Queen  Elizabeth,  the  "  Virgin  Queen,"  in  whose  reign  Sir  Walter 
Raleigh  made  iiis  lirst  attempt  to  colonize  that  region.  Its  motto  is  Sic  semper  tyrannig, 
"  .So  always  with  tyrants."  It  was  first  settled  at  Jamestown,  in  1007,  by  the  English, 
being  the  first  settlement  in  the  United  States.  It  is  one  of  the  original  thirteen  States, 
and  had  before  its  division  in  1862.  (51,3.52  square  miles,  but  at  present  contains  but  38,- 
352  square  miles,  equal  to  24, .545, 280  acres.  Tlie  population  in  1860  amounted  to 
1,596,318,  and  in  1870  it  was  1,224,830.  Richmond  is  the  capital.  Has  9  representa- 
tives, and  11  electors.  Governor,  F.  W.  M.  Halliday,  Democrat;  salary,  $5,500;  term, 
4  years. 

West  Virginia —  Motto,  Montani  semper  liberi,  "  Mountaineers  are  always  free."  This 
is  the  onl}'  State  ever  formed,  under  the  Constitution,  by  the  division  of  an  organized 
State.  This  was  done  in  1862.  and  in  1863  was  admitted  into  the  Union.  It  has  an  area 
of  23,000  square  miles,  or  14,720,000  acres.  The  population  in  1860  was  376,000;  in 
1870  it  numbered  445,616.  She  furnished  32,003 soldiers.  Capital,  Wheeling.  Has  three 
representatives  in  Congress,  and  is  entitled  to  5  Presidential  electors.  The  Governor  is  H. 
M.  Matliews,  Democrat;  term,  4  years;  salary,  $2,700. 

Wiscorisin — Is  an  Indian  name,  and  means  "Wild-rushing  channel."  Its  motto, 
Vivitatas  successit  harharum,  "  The  civilized  man  succeeds  the  barbarous."  It  is  called 
"  The  Badger  State."  The  State  was  visited  by  the  French  explorers  in  1665,  and  a 
settlement  was  made  in  1669  at  Green  Bay.  It  was  admitted  into  the  Union  in  1848.  It 
has  an  area  of  52,924  square  miles,  equal  to  34,511,360  acres.  In  1860  its  population 
numbered  775,881 ;  in  1870,  1,055,167.  Madison  is  the  capital.  She  furnished  for  the 
L'nion  army  91,021  soldiers.  Has  8  members  in  Congress,  and  is  entitled  to  10  Presi- 
dential electors.  The  Governor  is  W.  E.  Smitli  ;  politics.  Republican  ;  salary,  $5,000  ; 
term,  2  years. 


CHAPTKU    X.\. 

MISCELLANEOUS. 

Origin  of  ihe  Name  of  ihc  Siale — "Suckers,"  "I'ukes"  ,ind  "Hadpcrs"  —  "  l''Kyi>>  " — The  Si.itc  B.ink — Visii  ol 
I.aFaycUc  —  Early  (Jovernors  —  Adolphiis  F.  Ilulibard — Wolves  and  Wolf  Sca'ps  —  A  Funny  Speech  —  Gov. 
Edwards — The  First  Mail  Route  —  First  N'-wspaper — Population  of  Illinois  by  Counties — Production  of 
.\griculturc  by  Counties — Population  of  Fifty  Principal  American  Cities  —  Population  of  Ihc  United  Stales 
—  Principal  Countries  of  the  World  —  Practical  Business  Rules. 

The  name  of  this  beautiful  "  Prairie  State  "  is  deriveil  fioni  lllini,  an  Indian  wortl 
signifying  superior  men.  It  has  a  French  termination,  and  is  a  symbol  of  the  manner  in 
whicli  the  two  races,  the  F^rendi  and  Indians,  were  intermixed  during  the  early  history 
of  the  country.  The  appellation  was  no  dmibt  well  ajiplied  to  tiie  primitive  iidialiitants 
of  the  soil,  wiiose  prowess  in  savage  warfare  long  withstood  the  eombined  attacks  of  the 
fierce  Iroquois  on  the  one  side,  and  the  no  less  savage  and  relentless  .Sacs  antl  Foxes  on 
the  other.  The  Illinois  were  once  a  powiu-fid  confederacy,  occupying  the  most  beautiful 
ami  fertile  region  in  the  great  valley  of  the  Mississippi,  which  their  enemies  coveted  aiul 
struggled  long  and  hard  to  wrest  from  tiiem.  By  the  fortunes  of  war  they  were  dimin- 
ishetl  in  niuubor  and  finally  destroyed.  "  Starvetl  Rock,"  on  tlie  Illinois  river,  according 
to  tradition,  eomniemoniles  their  last  tragedy,  where,  it  is  said,  the  entin-  tribe  starved 
rather  than  surrender. 


GEJN'ERAL   HISTORY   OF   ILLINOIS. 


209 


1    *' 

f^ 


CENTRAL  HOSPITAL  FOR  THE  INSANE,   JACKSONVILLE. 


ILLINOIS   INDUSTRIAL   UNIVERSITY   CHAMPAIGN — FOUNDED   BY   THE 
STATE,    ENDOWED   BY   CONGRESS. 


210 


UENEIUL   HISTORY   OK    ILLINOIS. 


The  low  cof^noitien  of  "  Sucker,"  as  applied  to  Illinoisans,  is  said  to  have  had  its 
orifjin  at  the  Galena  lead  mines.  In  an  early  day.  when  these  extensive  mines  were 
l)eing  worked,  men  would  run  up  the  Mississippi  river  in  steamboats  in  the  Sprinjr. 
work  tiie  lead  mines,  and  in  the  Fall  return,  thus  estahlishiujj,  as  was  supposed,  a  simili- 
tude between  their  migratory  habits  and  those  of  the  fishy  tribe  called  "  Suckers."  For 
this  reason  the  Illinoisans  ha\e  ever  since  been  distinguished  liy  the  epithet  *•  Suckers." 
Those  who  stayed  at  the  mines  over  Winter  were  mostly  from  Wisconsin,  and  were 
called  "  Badgers."  One  Spring  the  Missourians  poured  into  the  mines  in  such  numbers 
that  the  State  was  said  to  have  taken  a  puke,  and  the  offensive  appellation  of  "  Pukes" 
was  afterwards  applied  to  all  Missourians. 

The  southern  part  of  the  State,  known  as  "  Egypt,"  received  this  appellation  be- 
cause, being  older,  better  settled  and  cultivated,  grain  was  had  in  greater  abundance 
than  in  the  central  and  northern  jjortion,  and  the  immigrants  of  this  region,  after  the 
manner  of  the  children  of  Israel,  went  "  thither  to  buy  and  to  bring  from  thence  that 
they  might  live  and  not  die." 

STATE   BANK. 

The  Legislature,  during  the  latter  years  of  territorial  existence,  granted  charters  to 
several  banks.  The  result  was  that  paper  money  became  very  abundant,  times  flush, 
and  credit  unlimited;  and  every  body  invested  to  the  utmost  limit  of  his  credit,  with 
confident  expectation  of  realizing  a  handsome  advance  befoie  the  expiration  of  liis 
credit,  from  the  throng  of  immigrants  then  pouring  into  the  country.  By  1819  it  became 
apparent  that  a  day  of  reckoning  would  approach  liefore  their  dreams  of  fortune  could  be 
realized.  Banks  everywhere  began  to  waver,  paper  money  became  depreciated,  and  gold 
and  silver  driven  out  of  the  country.  The  Legislature  sought  to  bolster  up  the  times  by 
incorporating  the  "  Bank  of  Illinois."  wliich,  with  several  l)ranches.  was  created  l)y  tlie 
session  of  1821.  This  bank,  ijeing  wholly  supported  liy  the  credit  of  the  State,  was  to 
issue  one.  two,  three,  five,  ten  and  twenty-dollar  notes.  It  was  the  duty  of  the  bank  to 
advance,  upon  personal  property,  money  to  the  amount  of  -islOO.  and  a  larger  amount 
upon  real  estate.  All  taxes  and  public  salaries  could  be  paid  in  such  bills  ;  and  if  a 
creditor  refused  to  take  them,  he  had  to  wait  three  years  longer  before  he  could  collect 
his  debt.  Tlie  people  imagined  that  simply  l)ecause  the  Government  had  issued  the 
notes,  they  would  remain  at  par  ;  and  although  this  evidently  could  not  l>e  the  case, 
they  wei'e  yet  so  infatuated  with  their  project  as  actually  to  reijuest  tiie  United  States 
Governinent  to  receive  tiiem  in  payment  for  their  pui)liu  lands  I  Although  they  were 
not  wanting  men  who,  like  John  McLean,  the  Speaker  of  the  House  of  Representatives, 
foresaw  tiie  dangers  and  evils  likely  to  arise  from  the  creation  of  such  a  bank,  by  far  the 
gieattn-  part  of  tlie  jieople  were  in  favor  of  it.  The  new  bank  Wiis  tlieiefore  started. 
The  new  issue  of  bills  by  the  bank  of  course  only  aggravated  the  evil,  heretofore  so 
grievously  felt,  of  the  absence  of  specie,  so  tiuit  the  people  were  soon  compelled  to  cut 
tiieir  bills  in  halves  and  (|uarters,  in  order  to  make  small  change  in  trade.  Finally  the 
])aper  currency  so  rapidly  depreciated  that  three  dollars  in  these  bills  were  considered 
worth  only  one  in  specie,  and  the  State  not  only  did  not  increase  its  revenue,  but  lost 
fully  two-thirds  of  it,  and  expended  three  times  the  amount  reijuired  to  pay  the  expenses 
of  the  Stale  Government. 

Lafayette's  visit. 

In  the  Spring  of  182.')  the  brave  and  generous  LaFayette  visited  Illinois,  accepting 
the  earnest  invitation  of  the  General  Assembly,  and  an  affectionately  written  letter  of 
Gov.  Cole's,  who  had  formed  his  personal  aciiiniintance  in  Fiance  in  lNl7.  The  General 
in  reply  said:  "  It  has  been  my  eager  desire,  and  it  is  now  my  earnest  intention,  to  visit 
the  Western  States,  and  particularly  the  Slate  of  Illinois.  The  feelings  which  your  dis- 
tant welcome  could  nut  fail   to   excite  have  increased   that  patriotic  eagerness  to  admire 


GENERAL   HISTORY   OF   ILLINOIS. 


211 


c 

H 
X 
K 

2 


Z 
O 


o 

EC 

a 

CO 

H 


o 
c 


212  GENEKAL   ULSTOUV   UF  ILLINOIS. 

on  that  blessed  spot  the  happy  and  rapid  results  of  republican  institutions,  public  and 
domestic  virtues.  I  shall,  after  the  22d  of  Fuliruary  (anniversary  day),  leave  here  for  a 
journey  to  the  Southern  States,  and  from  New  Orleans  to  tlie  SVestern  States,  so  as  to 
return  to  Boston  on  the  14th  of  June,  when  the  corner-stone  of  the  Bunker  Hill  monu- 
ment is  to  be  laid, — a  ceremony  sacred  to  the  whole  Union  and  in  which  I  have  been  en- 
gaged to  act  a  peculiar  and  honorable  part." 

General  LaFayette  and  suite,  attended  by  a  large  delei^ation  of  prominent  citizens 
of  Missouri,  made  a  visit  by  the  steamer  Natchez  to  the  ancient  town  of  K;uskaskia.  No 
military  parade  was  attempted,  but  a  multitude  of  patriotic  citizens  made  liim  welcome. 
A  reception  was  held.  Gov.  Cole  delivering  a  glowing  address  of  welcome.  During  the 
progress  of  a  grand  ball  held  that  night,  a  very  interesting  interview  took  place  between 
the  honored  General  and  an  Indian  squaw  whose  father  had  served  under  him  in  the 
Revolutionary  war.  The  squaw,  learning  that  the  great  white  chief  was  to  be  at  Kas- 
kaskia  on  that  night,  had  ridden  all  day,  from  early  dawn  till  some  time  in  the  night, 
from  her  distant  home,  to  see  the  man  whose  name  had  been  so  often  on  her  father's 
tongue,  and  with  which  she  was  so  familiar.  In  identification  of  her  claim  to  his  dis- 
tinguished acquaintance,  she  had  brought  with  her  an  old,  worn  letter  which  the  Gen- 
eral had  written  to  her  father,  and  which  the  Indian  chief  iiad  preserved  with  great  care, 
and  finally  bequeathed  on  his  death-bed  to  his  daughter  as  the  most  precious  legac)'  he 
had  to  leave  her. 

At  12  o'clock  at  night  Gen.  LaFayette  returned  to  his  boat  and  started  South.  The 
boat  was  chartered  by  the  State. 

EARLY   GOVERNORS. 

In  the  year  1822  the  terra  of  ofl&ce  of  the  first  Governor,  Shadrach  Bond,  expired. 
Two  parties  sprung  up  at  this  time — one  favorable,  the  other  hostile,  to  the  introduction 
of  slavery,  each  proposing  a  candidate  of  its  own  for  Governor.  Both  parties  worked 
hard  to  secure  the  election  of  their  respective  candidates  ;  but  the  people  at  large  de- 
cided, as  they  ever  have  l)een  at  lieart,  in  favor  of  a  free  State.  Edward  Coles,  an  anti- 
slavery  man,  was  elected,  although  a  majority  of  the  Legislature  were  opposed  to  him. 
The  subject  of  principal  interest  during  his  administration  was  to  make  Illinois  a  slave 
State.  The  greatest  effort  was  made  in  1824,  and  tiie  proposition  was  defeated  at  the 
polls  l)y  a  majority  of  1,800.  The  aggregate  vote  polled  was  11.612,  being  about  6,000 
larger  tlian  at  the  previous  State  election.  African  slaves  were  first  introduced  into 
Illinois  in  171!'  by  Renault,  a  Frenchman. 

Senator  Duncan,  afterward  Governor,  presented  to  the  Legislature  of  1824-.")  a  bill 
for  the  support  of  schools  by  a  public  tax ;  and  William  S.  Hamilton  presented  anotlier 
bill  requiring  a  tax  to  be  used  for  the  purpose  of  constructing  and  repairing  the  roads  — 
both  of  wliich  bills  passed  and  became  laws.  But  although  these  laws  conferred  an  in- 
calculalile  benefit  upon  tlie  public,  the  very  name  of  a  tax  was  so  odious  to  the  people 
tlr.it,  rather  than  pay  a  lax  of  tlie  smallest  possil)le  anmunt,  tliey  preferred  working  as 
the}-  formerly  did,  five  days  during  the  yeiw  on  the  roads,  and  would  allow  their  children 
to  grow  u|)  wiiiiout  any  instruction  at  all.  Consequently  both  laws  were  abolished 
in  1826. 

In  the  year  1826  the  office  of  Governor  became  again  vacant.  Ninian  Edwards, 
Adoljilius  F.  Hubbard  and  Thomas  C.  Sloe  were  candidates.  Edwards,  th<iugh  the  suc- 
cessful candidate,  had  made  himself  many  enemies  by  urging  strict  inquiries  to  be  made 
into  the  corruption  of  tlie  State  bank,  so  that  had  it  not  been  for  his  talents  and  noble 
personal  appearance,  he  would  most  probably  not  have  been  elected.  Hubbard  was  a 
man  of  but  little  personal  merit.  Of  him  tradition  hiw  preserved,  among  other  curious 
sayings,  a  spfccli  on  a  lull  granting  a  bounty  on  wolf-scalps.  This  speech,  delivered  be- 
fore the  Legislature,  ib  U6  follows :  "  Mr.  Speaker,  I  rise  before  the  question  is  put  on 


GENERAL  HISTORY   OF   ILLINOIS.  213 

this  bill,  to  say  a  word  for  my  constituents.  Mr.  Speaker,  I  have  never  seen  a  wolf.  I 
can  not  say  that  I  am  very  well  acquainted  with  the  nature  and  habits  of  wolves.  Mr. 
Speaker.  I  have  said  that  I  had  never  seen  a  wolf ;  but  now  I  remember  that  once  on  a 
time,  as  Judge  Brown  and  I  were  riding  across  the  Bonpas  prairie,  we  looked  over  the 
prairie  about  three  miles,  and  Judge  Brown  said,  '  Hubbard,  look  !  there  goes  a  wolf ;' 
and  I  looked,  and  I  looked,  and  I  looked,  and  1  said,  '  Judge,  where  ?'  and  he  said, 
'  There !'  And  1  looked  again,  and  this  time  in  the  edge  of  a  hazel  thicket,  about  three 
miles  across  the  prairie,  I  think  I  saw  the  wolfs  tail.  Mr.  Speaker,  if  I  did  not  see  a  wolf 
that  time,  I  think  I  never  saw  one  ;  but  I  have  heard  much,  and  read  more,  about  this 
animal.     I  have  studied  his  natural  history. 

"  By  the  by,  histor}'  is  divided  into  two  parts.  There  is  first  the  history  of  the  fab- 
ulous ;  and  secondly,  of  the  non-fabuloiis,  or  unknown  age.  Mr.  Speaker,  from  all  these 
sources  of  information  I  learn  that  the  wolf  is  a  very  noxious  animal ;  that  he  goespiowl- 
ing  about,  seeking  something  to  devour  ;  that  he  rises  up  in  the  dead  and  secret  hours  of 
night,  when  all  nature  reposes  in  silent  oblivion,  and  then  commits  the  most  terrible  de- 
vastation upon  the  rising  generation  of  hogs  and  sheep. 

"  Mr.  Speaker,  I  have  done  ;  and  I  return  my  thanks  to  the  House  for  their  kind  at- 
tention to  my  remarks." 

Gov.  Edwards  was  a  large  and  well-made  man,  with  a  noble,  princely  appearance. 
Of  him  Gov.  Ford  says  :  "  He  never  condescended  to  the  common  low  art  of  election- 
eering. Whenever  he  went  out  among  the  peojile  he  arrayed  himself  in  the  style  of  a 
gentleman  of  the  olden  time,  dressed  in  fine  broadcloth,  with  short  breeches,  long  stock- 
ings, and  higli,  fair-topped  boots ;  was  drawn  in  a  fine  carriage  driven  by  a  negro  ;  and 
for  success  he  relied  upon  his  speeches,  which  were  delivered  in  great  pomp  and  in  style 
of  diffuse  and  florid  eloquence.  When  he  was  inaugurated  in  1826,  he  appeared  before 
the  General  Assembly  wearing  a  golden-laced  cloak,  and  with  great  pomp  pronounced 
his  first  message  to  the  Houses  of  the  Legislature. 

The  first  mail  route  in  the  State  was  established  in  1805.  This  was  from  Vincennes 
to  Cahokia.  In  1824  there  was  a  direct  mail  route  from  Vandalia  to  Springfield.  The 
first  route  from  the  central  part  of  the  State  to  Chicago  was  established  in  1832,  from 
Shelbyville.  The  difficulties  and  dangers  encountered  by  the  early  mail  carriers,  in  t'me 
of  Indian  troubles,  were  very  serious.  The  bravery  and  ingenious  devices  of  Harry 
Milton  are  mentioned  with  special  commendation.  When  a  boy,  in  1812,  he  conveyed 
the  mail  on  a  wild  French  pony  from  Shawneetown  to  St.  Louis,  over  swollen  streams 
and  through  the  enem}''s  country.  So  infrequent  and  irregular  were  the  communications 
by  mail  a  greater  part  of  the  time,  that  to-day,  even  the  remotest  part  of  the  United 
States  is  unable  to  appreciate  it  by  example. 

The  first  newspaper  published  in  Illinois  was  the  Illinois  Herald,  established  at  Kas- 
kaskia  by  Mathew  Duncan.  There  is  some  difference  of  opinion  as  to  the  exact  time  of 
its  establishment.  Gov.  Reynolds  claimed  it  was  started  in  1809.  Wm.  H.  Brown, 
afterwards  its  editor,  gives  the  date  as  1814. 

In  1831  the  criminal  code  was  first  adapted  to  penitentiarj'  punishment,  ever  since 
which  time  the  old  system  of  whipping  and  pillory  for  the  punishment  of  criminals  has 
been  disused. 

There  was  no  legal  rate  of  interest  till  1830.  Previously  the  rate  often  reached  as 
high  as  150  per  cent.,  but  was  usually  50  per  cent.  Then  it  was  reduced  to  12,  then  to 
10,  and  lastly  to  8  per  cent. 


214 


GEXEHAI.   HISTOUV  uK   ILLINOIS. 


POPtTLATION   OF   ILLINOIS   BY   COTTNTTES   FBOM   1820   TO    1870. 


COUNTIES. 


Adams 

Alexander  . 

Bond 

Boone 

Brown 

Bureau 

Calhoun 

Carroll 

Cass , 

Champaign 
Christian  .. 

Clark 

Clay 

Clinton 

Coles 

Cook 

Crawford  . . 
Cumberland 
DeKalb  .. 
DeWitt  ... 
Douglas  — 

DuPage 

Edgar 

Edwards  .  .. 
Effingham  . 

Fayette 

Ford 

Franklin  .. 

Fulton 

Gallatin 

Greene 

Grundy 

Hamilton.. 
Hancock  .. 

Hardin 

Henderson 

Henry 

Iroquois. ... 

Jackson  

Jasper 

Jefferson  . . 

Jersey 

Jo  Daviess. 
Johnson  . . . 

Kane 

Kankakee  . 
Kendall... 

Knox 

Lake 

LaSalle  ... 


AGGREGATE. 


1870. 


56,362 
10,564 
13,152 
12,942 
12,205 

32,415 

6,562 

16.705 

11,580 

32.737 
20,363 
18,719 

15.875 
16,285 

25.235 
349.966 

13,889 
12,223 
23,265 
14,768 

13.484 
16.685 
21,450 

7.565 
15.653 
19.633 

9,103 
12,652 
38.291 
II. 134 
20.277 
14.938 
13.014 
35.935 

5. 113 
12,582 
35,506 
25.782 

19.634 
11,234 
17,864 

15.054 
27,820 
11,248 
39.01JI 
24.352 
12,399 
39.522 
31,014 
60,79a 


I860. 


41.323 

4.707 

9.815 

11,678 

9,938 

26,426 

5.144 

11.733 

11,325 

14.629 

10,492 

14.987 

9.336 

10,941 

14,203 

144.954 

11.551 
8.311 
19.086 
10,820 
7,140 
14,701 
16,925 

5.454 
7.8:6 

11.189 
1.979 
9.393 

33.338 
8.055 

16,093 

10,379 
9.915 

29.061 

3.759 

9.501 

20.660 

12.325 

9.589 

8,364 

12,965 

12,051 

27.325 

9,342 

30,062 

15.412 

13.074 

38,663 

18,357 

48,332 


18SO. 


26,508 
2,484 
6.144 
7.624 
7.198 
8,841 
3.231 
4.586 

7.253 
2.649 
3,203 
9.532 
4,289 
5.139 
9-335 
43.385 

7.135 
3.718 
7.540 
5, 002 


9,290 
10,692 
3.524 
3-799 
8,075 


5.681 

22,508 

5.448 

12.429 

3-023 

6.362 

14-652 

2.8S7 

4.612 

3.S07 

4.149 

5.862 
3,220 
8,109 

7.354 
18.604 

4. 1 14 
16,703 


7.730 

13.279 
14,326 

17.815 


1840. 


14.476 
3.313 
5,060 

1,705 
4.183 
3.067 

1.741 
1,023 
2,981 

1.475 
I.S78 
7.453 
3,228 

3.718 

9,616 
10,201 

4-422 


1.697 
3.247 


3.535 

8,225 

3,070 

1.675 
6.328 


3.682 
13,142 

10,760 
II.951 


3.945 
9.946 
1.37S 


1,360 

1.695 
3.566 
1.472 
5.76a 
4.535 
6.180 
3,636 
6,501 


7,060 
3,634 
9.348 


18SO. 


2,186 
1,390 
3.124 


1,090 


3.940 

755 

2.330 


3.117 


4.071 
1,649 


a.704 


4.083 
1,841 
7.405 
7.674 


3,616 

483 


41 
1,838' 


2.555 


3,111 
I.S96 


474 


I«M. 


626 
a,93i 


9;3i 


33* 
2.999 


3.444 


I 


1.763 
1,355 


1,543 
691 


S43 


GENERAL   HISTORY   OF   ILLINOIS.  215 

Population  of  Illinois  by  Counties  from  1820  to  1870. — Continued. 


COUNTIKS. 


Lawrence 

Lee 

Livingston  _ . 

Logan 

Macon 

Macoupin  __ 

Madison 

Marion . 

Marshall  _  -  - 

Mason 

Massac 

McDonough 
McHenry   .. 

McLean 

Menard 

Mercer 

Monroe 

Montgomery 

Morgan 

Moultrie 

Ogle 

Peoria 

Perry 

Piatt 

Pike 

Pope 

Pulaski 

Putnam 

Randolph  __ 

Richland 

Rock  Island 

Saline 

Sangamon  .. 

Schuyler 

Scott 

Shelby 

Stark  

St.  Clair 

Stephenson  _ 

Tazewell 

Union 

Vermillion.. 

Wabash 

Warren 

Washington. 

Wayne 

White 

Whitesides  . 

Will 

Williamson  . 
Winnebago  . 
Woodford  .. 

Total 


AGGREGATE. 


1870. 


12.533 
27,171 
31.471 
23.053 
26,481 
32,726 

44.131 
20,622 
16,950 
16,184 
9.581 
26,509 
23,762 
53.988 

11.735 
18,769 

12,982 

25.314 
28,463 
10,385 
27.492 
47.540 
13.723 
10,953 
30,768 
11,437 
8.752 
6,280 
20.859 
12,803 
29.7S3 
12,714 
46,352 
17,419 
10,530 

25.476 
10,751 

51,068 
30,608 

27.903 
16,518 
30.388 
8,841 
23.174 
17,599 
19,758 
16,846 
27,503 
43,013 
17,329 
29,301 
18,956 


2,529,891 


I860. 


9,214 
17,651 
11,637 
14,272 
13,738 
24,602 
31,251 
12,739 
13,437 
10,931 

6,213 
20,069 
22,089 
28,772 

9,584 
15,042 

12,832 

13.979 

22,112 

6,385 

22,888 

36,601 

9.552 

6,127 

27.249 

6.742 

3,943 

5.587 

17.205 

9.711 
21,005 

9,331 
32,274 
14.684 

9,069 
14,613 

9,004 

37.694 
25,112 
21,470 
11,181 
ig,8oo 

7.313 
18,336 

13,731 
12,223 
12,403 
18,737 
29,321 
12,205 

24.491 
13,282 


1850. 


6,121 

5,292 
1,553 
5,128 
3,988 

12.355 

20,441 

6,720 

5,180 

5,921 

4,092 

7,616 

14,978 

10,163 

6,349 

5,246 

7,679 
6.277 

16,064 
3,234 

10,020 

17,547 
5,278 
1,606 

18,819 

3,975 
2,265 

3,924 

11,079 

4,012 

6,937 
5,588 
19.228 
10,573 
7,914 
7,807 
3,710 

20,180 

11,666 

12,052 

7,615 

11,492 

4.690 

8,176 

6,953 
6,825 
8,925 
5,361 

16,703 
7,216 

11,773 
4,415 


1,711,951 


851,470 


1840. 


7,092 
2.035 
759 
2,333 
3,039 
7,926 

14,433 
4.742 
1.849 


5.308 
2,578 
6,565 
4,431 
2,352 

4.481 

4.490 

19.547 


3.479 
6.153 
3,222 


11,728 
4.094 


2,131 

7,944 


2,610 


14,716 
6.972 
6,215 
6,659 
1,573 

13,631 
2,800 
7,221 
5,524 
9.303 
4.240 

6.739 
4,810 

5,133 

7,919 

2.514 

10,167 

4.457 
4.609 


476,183 


1830. 


3.668 


1,122 
1.990 
6,221 
2,125 


(i) 


26 


2,000 

2,953 

12,714 


1,215 


2,396 
3,316 


ri,3io 
4,429 


12,960 
^2,959 


2.972 


7.078 


4.716 
3.239 
5.836 
2,710 
308 
1.675 
2.553 
6,091 


157.445 


18SO. 


13,550 


*2I 
1,516 


2,610 
3,492 


*5 
5,248 


2,362 


1. 517 
1,114 
4,828 


*49 
55,162 


216 


fJKXERAL   HISTOKY   oF   H-MNOIS. 


Productions  of  Agbicultcee  by  Counties.  —  1870. 


COUNTIES. 


Adams 

Alexander. . 

Bond 

Boone 

Brown 

Bureau  . ... 

Calhoun 

Carroll 

Cass 

Champaign. 

Christian 

Clark 

Clay 

Clinton 

Coles 

Cook 

Crawford 

Cumberland 
DeKalb  ... 

DeWiit 

Douglas 

DuPage  ... 

Edgar 

Edwards 

Effingham.. 

Fayetie 

Ford 

Franklin  ... 

Fulton 

Gallatin 

Greene 

Grundy 

Hamilton  . . 

Hancock 

Hardin 

Henderson  . 

Henry 

I  roquois 

Jackson   

Jasper 

Jefferson 

Jersey 

JoDavicss.. 

Johnson 

Kane 

Kankakee.. 

Kendall 

Knox 

Lake 

La.Salle 

I^wrence  . . 

Lee 

Livingston  . 

Logan .. 

Macon 

Macoupin.. 
Madison  . . . 

Marion 

Marshall 

Mason 

Massac 

McDonough 
McHcnry  . . 
McLean 


Impr'd  Lind, 
Number. 


287,926 

13.836 
M5.045 
137.307 

57.062 
398,611 

37.684 
186,864 

92,902 
4I9.36S 
241.472 
"8.594 
146,922 

150,177 
208,337 
348.824 
105.505 
75.342 
334,502 
168,539 

147.633 
164,874 
265,458 

58,912 
120,343 
187,196 
141,22s 

80,749 
228,132 

49.572 
175,408 

'93.999 
88,996 

311,517 

28,117 

140,954 

265,904 

322,510 

78.548 

90,867 

118,951 

94.147 

156.517 

57.820 

240,120 

312,182 

164,004 

330,829 

207,779 

533.724 

87.828 

322,212 
377.505 
321,709 
305,259 
231,059 
257,032 
173.081 
166,057 
209,453 

25.151 
261,635 
330,566 
494.978 


Woodland, 

Number. 


Other  unim- 
pro'd.  No 


112,576 
17.761 
42.613 
29,886 

35.491 
41,866 

63.443 
29.793 
33.493 
16,789 
19,803 
102,201 
80,612 
48,868 
45.214 
19.635 
78.350 
40.334 
17.722 
29,548 
11.897 

17.243 
66,803 

57.585 

56.330 

93,460 

2.996 

3.9';4 

123.823 

68.750 

93,242 

6,256 

93.878 

43.385 

44.771 

34.705 

12,620 

22,478 

87642 

67,023 

94,888 

51.427 
82,076 

3 
34.646 
10,978 

14,244 
41,566 
21,072 
48,117 
72.738 
12,071 
12,462 
17.394 
18.153 
81.224 
89,450 

61,579 
28,260 

31.739 
33.396 
52,547 
53.293 
40,366 


19.370 


1.915 

2.658 
25,608 
15.803 

2.754 
33.302 

6.604 
58.502 
19.173 

5,420 

5.225 
8.722 

3.274 

17.337 

27.185 

5.604 

6.551 

17.633 

7.316 

3.851 

14.282 

830 

26  206 

16.786 

63.976 

86,710 

4.076 

2.565 

29,653 

4.505 

3.343 

18,480 

107 

14.243 

31.459 

63.498 

5,991 

12,250 

778 
1,363 

45.779 

79.141 

399 

10,598 

2,283 
25.155 
24.399 

2,356 

3.273 

7.409 

41.788 

408 

9.115 

7.343 

13.675 

4.14a 

2.976 

31,013 

30 

14,035 

57.998 

49.087 


Spr'g  Wheat 
Bushel>. 


16,191 


700 

341,042 

13.276 

465.236 

75 
418.073 

12,165 
102.577 

18.360 


1,894 

500 

2,651 

144.296 

60 

550, 

398.059; 

106.493 

7,683! 

106,096 

13,283 


77 


42,571 

365 

193,669 


21.700 
129 

181,378 

13 
161.112 

462,379 

57,160 

890 


282.758 


188.826 
103.466 
90.681 
267.764 
168,914 
271.18 


450.793 

130,206 
198,056 

55239 
160 
550 


106,139 
73.261 


273.871 
401,790 
311,801 


Win'r  Wheat, 

Biubell. 

Bushels. 

947,616 

20,989 

42,658 

30 

368.625 

6.240 

599 

35.871 

117.502 

4.742 

724 

43.S1I 

221,298 

186 

2O0 

25.721 

127.054 

2.772 

123.091 

45.752 

504.041 

10,722 

195.118 

7.30S 

85.737 

3.221 

610,888 

1,619 

154.484 

8.82s 

4.904 

20,171 

212,924 

15.497 

84.697 

14.798 

190 

2I,OlS 

11,695 

11,540 

65,461 

9.017 

693 

7.532 

247.360 

37.508 

122.703 

528 

195.716 

19.759 

351.310 

25.32s 

1,008 

11.577 

111.324 

5.195 

223.930 

I3I.7II 

83,093 

512 

577.400 

415 

150 

4.930 

92.347 

11.672 

232.750 

133  533 

32,306 

865 

69,062 

96.430 

445 

35.766 

10,480 

23.259 

329,036 

524 

87,80s 

9.165 

100,553 

5.934 

558.367 

555 

7.185 

92.191 

2,46s 

325 

23,618 

4S0 

12.935 

1.249 

5.163 

7.654 

113.547 

221 

5.870 

2.193 

48.308 

264,134 

1,131 

2,260 

14829 

1.339 

26.163 

40.963 

37.232 

196.613 

29.323 

861,398 

2,404 

1,207,181 

3.685 

173.652 

14.517 

900 

36.135 

125.638 

49.182 

72.316 

544 

36.146 

52.401 

270 

39.364 

10.955 

39.824 

Indian  Com, 
Bushels. 


1.452.905 

244.220 

1.064,052 

466,985 

337.769 

3,030.404 

234,041 

1.367.965 

1,146,980 

3,924,720 

1,883,336 

614,582 

1,019.994 

813.257 
2.133.111 

570.427 

581,964 

403.075 

1.023,849 

1,311,635 

1.660.225 

331,981 

2,107,615 

352,371 
620,247 
963.525 
565,671 
653,209 

1,508,763 
509.491 

1.051,313 
295.97 
735.252 

1,510,401 
172,651 

1,712.901 

2,541.683 
799.810 
611.951 

461,345 
S87.981 
519.120 

1,286,326 
343.29S 
674.333 
637.399 
68 1. 267 

2,708,319 

517.353 
3.077.028 

656.363 
1.656,978 
1.182,696 
4,321.640 
2,314,46s 

1.051.544 
2.127,54.) 
1. '^34,057 
1,182,1)03 
2,648,726 
133,126 
1,362,490 
1.145.005 
3.723.37Q 


Oau, 
Bushels. 


759.074 

21,627 

461,097 

579.127 
70.852 

987,436 
26,334 

775.100 

168,784 

721,375 
383.831 
313,638 
269.945 
446.324 

3 '5.954 

1.584.225 

136.255 

171,880 

1.087.074 

216.756 

225,074 

860,809 

290,679 

129,152 

386,0/3 

497.395 

154,589 

222.426 

261,390 

27.164 

64.029 

269.332 

203.464 

579.599 
26.991 
229,286 
668.367 
430.746 
149.931 
149,214 

285.949 

71.770 

874,016 

74.525 
785.60S 
772.408 
468.890 
787.952 
699.069 
1,509,642 
131,386 
>K>3.197 
659,300 
490,226 
454.648 
459.417 
475.252 
389,446 
362,604 
272.660 
33,097 
280,717 
910,397 

1)11.127 


I 


GENERAL   HISTORY   OF   ILLINOIS. 


217 


Productions  op  Agricdltuee  by  Counties — 1870. — Continued. 


COUNTIES. 


Menard 

Mercer 

Monroe 

Montgomery 

Morgan 

Moultrie  ... 

Ogle 

Peoria 

Perry 

Piatt 

Pike 

Pope 

Pulaski 

Putnam 

Randolph.. 

Richland 

Rock  Island 

Saline 

Sangamon.  _ 

Schuyler 

Scott 

Shelby 

Stark 

St.  Clair  ... 
Stephenson. 

Tazewell 

Union 

Vermilion . . 
Wabash  . .  . 

Warren 

Washington 

Wayne 

White 

Whiteside. - 

Will. 

Williamson. 
Winnebago. 
Woodford.. 


Total. 


Impr'd  Land, 
Number. 


134.173 

222, Sog 

g2,Sio 

276,682 

293,450 

144,220 

316,883 

170,729 

93.754 

94.454 

233,785 

55.9S0 

19.319 

37.271 

140,764 

75.079 
155,214 

72,309 
421,748 

96.195 

85.331 
310,179 
138,129 
231,117 
254.857 
229,126 

75.832 
360.251 

54.063 
266,187 
177.592 
147.352 

92.398 
289,809 
419.442 
128,448 
241.373 
225,504 


Woodland, 
Number. 


Other  unim- 
pro'd.  No. 


34.931 
45.977 
83,369 
47,804 
60,217 
24.783 
43.643 
48,666 
68,470 
5.978 

128,953 
87.754 
12,516 
17,184 

162,274 
50,618 

31.239 
70.393 
5I.0S5 
62.477 
44.633 
74,908 

12,375 
76,591 
43,167 
45,268 
83,606 
53.07S 
37.558 
27.294 
55.852 

146,794 
78,167 
21,823 
24,261 

116,949 
37.238 
25,217 


19,329,952 


5,061,578 


13.952 

22,588 

666 

8,495 

1.376 

13,112 

14.913 

2,516 

220 

13.897 
9.302 


.4.174 
1,170 
2,025 

20,755 
809 

19,932 

21,294 
1,610 
9.314 
2,783 
2,016 

13,701 

14,846 
5,300 

31,12 
509 

14,583 
1.931 

10,486 
869 

37.310 
6,335 
1,648 

15.237 
23,135 


Spr'g  Wheat, 
Bushels. 


1.491.331 


Win'rWheat 
Bushels. 


36.152 
289,291 


59 

18,196 

17,128 

497,038 

92,361 


26.382 
130 


28,137 
450 


243,541 

200 

89,304 

56,221 

18 

15.526 

124,630 

2,550 

527,394 

I32.4>7 


44,806 

186,290 

266 


457.455 
195,286 
176 
408,606 
178,139 


10,133,207 


45,793 

13,203 

651,767 

744,891 

357.523 

196,436 

5,580 

31.843 

350,446 

39.762 

1.057,497 

70,457 

44.922 

796 

1,031,022 

150,268 

2,279 
83.011 
247.658 
165,724 
266,105 
452,015 


1,562,621 

2,H8 

72,410 

180,231 

249,55s 

202,201 

5.712 

672,486 

164,689 

184,321 

264 

1,996 
170,787 

2,468 
108.307 


Rye, 
Bushels. 


Indian  Corn, 
Bushels. 


4.283 

40,778 
1,425 
3,296 
5.535 
6,670 
157.504 

99,502 
1,016 
9,248 

25,303 
2,309 
222 
7,707 
3.235 
3.401 

20,003 
568 

23.073 

20,841 

930 

23,686 

30,534 

1,008 

135,362 

59.027 
1.737 

52476 


72,212 

2,576 

8,665 

418 

31.658 
8,030 
6,228 

137.985 
20,426 


1,973.880 

2,054,962 

543,718 

1,527,898 

3,198,835 

1.753,141 

1,787,066 

969,224 

384.446 

1,029,725 

1,399,188 

315.958 

195,735 

334,259 

510,080 

482,594 

1,459,653 

531,516 

4.388,763 

440,975 

752,771 

2,082,578 

1,149,878 

1,423,121 

1,615,679 

2,062,053 

679.753 
2,818,027 

421,361 
2,982,853 

836,115 
1,179,291 

870,521 
2,162,943 
1,131.458 

655,710 
1,237,406 
2,154.185 


19,995.198  2,456,578  129,921,395  42,780,851 


Oats, 

Bushels. 


235,091 

452,889 

152,251 

668,424 

198.724 

263,992 

141,540 

334,892 

338,760 

130,610 

161,419 

67,886 

16,511 

86,519 

414.487 

204.634 

276,575 

69,793 

397,718 

"9,359 

13,462 

637,812 

316,726 

476.851 
960,620 
505,841 

124,473 
436,051 
110,793 
601,054 
533,398 
404,482 
119,653 
880,838 
1,868,682 
190,986 
868,903 
744.581 


Population  of  Fifty  Peincipai,  American  Cities. 


CITIES. 


New  York,  N.Y... 
Philadelphia,  Pa... 
Brooklyn,  N.Y.... 

St.  Louis,  Mo 

Chicago,  111 

Baltimore,  Md 

Boston,  Mass 

Cincinnati,  Ohio.. 
New  Orleans,  La.. 
San  Francisco,  Cal 

Buffalo,  N.Y 

Washington,  D.C.. 

Newark,  N.  J 

Louisville.  Ky 

Cleveland,  Ohio 

Pittsburg,  Pa 

Jersey  City,  N.  J... 

15 


Aggregate 
Population. 


942,292 
674,022 
396,099 
310,864 
298,977 

267,354 
250,526 
216,239 
191,418 
149.473 
II7.714 
109,199 
105,059 

100,753 
92,829 
86,076 
82,546 


CITIES. 


Detroit,   Mich 

Milwaukee,  Wis... 

Albany.N.Y 

Providence,  R.  I... 
Rochester,  N.Y... 

Allegheny,  Pa 

Richmond,  Va 

New  Haven,  Conn 
Charleston,  S.  C... 
Indianapolis,  Ind.. 

Troy,  N.Y 

Syracuse,  N.Y 

Worcester,  Mass... 

Lowell,  Mass 

Memphis.  Tenn... 
Cambridge,  Mass.. 
Hartford,  Conn 


Aggregate 
Population. 


79.577 
71.440 
69.422 
68,904 
62,386 
53,280 
51,038 
50,840 
48,956 
43,244 
46,465 
43,051 
41,105 
40,928 
40.226 

39.634 
37,180 


CITIES. 


Scranton,  Pa 

Reading,  Pa 

Paterson,  N.  J 

Kansas  City.  Mo... 

Mobile.  Ala 

Toledo.   Ohio 

Portland.  Me 

Columbus,  Ohio 

Wilmington,   Del.. 

Dayton,  Ohio 

Lawrence,   Mass... 

Utica,  N.Y 

Chariest, iwn,  Mass. 

Savau  11  ah,  Ga 

Lynn.  Mass 

Fill  River,  Mass... 


Aggregate 
Population. 


35.092 
33.930 
33.579 
32,260 
32.034 
31,584 
31.413 
31,274 
30,841 

30,473 
28,931 
28,804 
28,323 
28,235 
28,233 
26,766 


218 


GENERAL  HISTORY  OF  ILLINOIS. 


POPULATION   OF   THE   UNITED    STATES. 


states  and  Terrllorles. 


Stat€4. 

Al.ibama 

Arkansas  

California 

Connecticut 

Delaware 

Florida 

UeorKla 

Illinois , 

Indiana 

Iowa 

Kansas 

Kentucky 

Louisiana 

Maine 

Maryland 

Massachusetts,,. 

Michigan* 

Minnesota 

Mississippi 

Missouri 

Nebraska 

Nerada 

New  Hampsblre. 

New  Jersey 

New  York 

North  Carolina,. 
Ohio 


Area  In 
Square 
Miles. 


60,722 

52.198 

188.981 

4.674 

2.120 

59.268 

58.000 

55.410 

33.809 

65.045 

81.318 

37.600 

41,346 

31,776 

11,184 

7.800 

56.451 

83,531 

47.156 

65.350 

75.996 

112.090 

9.280 

8.320 

47.000 

50.704 

39.964 


population. 


1870. 


996,992 

484,471 

560.247 

637.454 

125,015 

187,748 

1.184.109 

2.539.891 

1.680,637 

1.191.792 

364.399 

1.321.011 

726,915 

626,915 

780,894 

1,457,351 

1,184.059 

439.706 

827,922 

1.721,295 

123,993 

42,491 

318.300 

906.096 

4.382.759 

1.071.361 

2,665.260 


1875, 


1,350,544 
528.349 


857,039 


1,651,912 

1,334,031 

598,429 


246.260 
62.540 


1.026.5U2 
4,705,208 


Miles 

Railroad 

1872. 


1,671 

26 

l.OIS 

820 

287 

466 

2,108 

5,904 

3,529 

3,160 

1,760 

1,123 

539 

871 

820 

1,606 

2,235 

1.612 

990 

2,680 

828 

593 

790 

1,265 

4,470 

1,190 

3.740 


States  and  Territories. 


State. 

Oregou    

Pennsylvania 

Rhode'  Isl.ind 

South  Carolina 

Ten  nessee 

Texas , 

Vermont 

Virginia 

West  Virginia 

Wisconsin 

Total  states 

TerHloriej, 

Arizona , 

Colorado 

Dakota 

District  of  Columbia 

Idaho 

Montana 

New  Mexico , 

Utah 

Washington 

Wyoming 

Total  TtrritOTit: 

Aggregate  of  O.  S.  .. 


Area  In 
Sauare 
Miles. 


tS.S44 
4C.000 
1.806 
29.385 
4S.6O0 
287,504 
10.212 
40,904 
23,000 
58.924 


1,960.171 


113.916 

104.500 

147,490 

60 

90,932 

143.766 

121.201 

80.056 

89,944 

93,107 


965,032 
2,915,203 


PopulatloD, 


1870, 


90.988 

3.681,791 
217.363 
706,606 

1,258.580 
818.679 
830,551 

1,226.163 
442.014 

1,064,670 


1675. 


868.839 
985.145 


38.118.268 


9,658 
39.864 
14,181 
131.700 
14.999 
20,595 
91,874 
86.786 
28,955 
9.118 


448.780 
38,555.983 


1.836.789 


Mile* 

Railroad 

1878. 


159 
5,118 

136 
1,201 
1.620 

865 

675 
1,490 

485 
1,726 


59,587 


898 


875 
498 


1,865 
6(1,85 


■Last  Census  of  Michigan  taken  In  1874. 


■Included  In  the  Railroad  Mileage  of  Marylaud. 


Principal  Countries  of  the  World.  —  Population  and  Area. 


COUSTBIM. 

Population. 

Date  of 
Census. 

Area  In  Square 
Miles. 

Inhabitants 
toSi).  Mile. 

Capitals. 

Population. 

446.500.000 

226.81 7.  lOa 

hl.!l2.'.,400 

38.925.600 

36.469.S00 

35,904.400 

34.785.300 

31.817.100 

29.906.092 

2T.43«.921 

16.642.000 

10,000,000 

16.463.000 

9,173.000 

5,921,500 

5.000.000 

5.021.300 

4.861.400 

8,995,200 

3,688,800 

3.000.000 

2.UII0.0O0 

2.669.100 

2.500,000 

2,000.000 

1,812.000 

1,8 18.  MO 

1.784.700 

1.500.000 

1.461.400 

1.457.900 

1.18Q.0O0 

1.360.000 

1.600.000 

888.138 

7iEooo 

800.000 
672.000 
860,000 

n|8 

1   6.000 

1   5,000 

8,960 

1871 
1871 
1871 
1870 
1866 
1869 
1871 
1871 
1871 
1871 
1867 

3.741,846 

4.677,432 

8.003.778 

2.603.884 

204,091 

240.348 

149.399 

121.315 

160.207 

118.847 

195.770 

8.253.029 

678.621 

761.586 

692.871 

636.964 

11.373 

29.292 

84.494 

357.15? 
182.616 

16.992 

471.838 

497.321 

871.848 

7.533 

14.758 

368.838 

5.918 

19.858 

*ii 

9.676 
7.836 

11 

119.3 

486 

10.2 
7.78 
178.7 
149.4 
232.8 
262  3 
187. 
230.9 

85. 
3.07 

84.4 

Fi'kin 

1.648  800 
S.  26 1. 800 

667.000 

Uiiltwl  KtateA  with  Alaaka 

\\'a.Hh  I  nirton 

109.199 

Paris 

T8S;S88 

Vienna. 

1.654.900 

3.851.80U 

jitTlln 

826,400 

Italy  

Kuint* 

Madrid 

844,484 

888,000 

UtazH     

Klo  Janeiro 

480,000 

1,075,000 

1869 
1870 
1870 
1869 
1871 

\n 
1870 
1869 
1870 
1871 

■"  i'h69'" 
1871 
1870 

810,800 

20. 

7.8 
441,5 
165.9 
11,5.8 
890.9 

8.4 

151 

1689 

5.8 

4. 

8.1 
241.4 
120.9 

4.8 
847. 
75.8 

74.9 

81.8 
58. 

6. 

8.5 

7.4 

i' 

186,900 

Telu'ran 

120,000 

Itrutisids « 

Munich 

814,100 

169.500 

LUbon 

824,063 

liollaml              

Hhkuu 

90,100 

liof(ota 

45,000 

115,400 

36,0tN) 

pe  ru                  

l.lina 

leo.iou 

25,000 

177,800 

SluttitBrt 

91,600 

169,048 

I'ararcav 

47,0OU 

Hjulsn                               

1871 
1870 
1871 

Carlsruhe 

jir 

Quatpraala. 

40,000 

70,000 

1871 

AHUUclon 

48,0OU 

UarmtUult 

80.000 

li?l 

8.000 

SanSalTadiir 

iS:n 

Haytl 

1871 
1871 
1871 

Mft'laffniL 

10.000 

Mi.iii4-  Vidoo 

('oin.iva(iiiA 

IS  000 

San  l)nnitti80 

"ioSo 

1870 

Hawaii 

Honolulu 

7,688 

GENERAL  HISTORY  OP  ILLINOIS. 


219 


220  OEXEIUL   niSTORV   OF   ILLINOIS. 

PRACTICAL  BUSINESS  RULES  FOR  EVERY  DAY  USE. 

Hoii'  to  find  the  gain  or  loss  per  cent,  wken  the  cost  and  selling  price  are  given. 

Rdle. — Find  the  difference  between  the  cost  and  selling  price,  which  will  be  the 
gain  or  loss. 

Annex  two  ciphers  to  the  gain  or  loss,  and  divide  it  by  the  cost  price  ;  the  result  will 
be  the  gain  or  loss  per  cent. 

How  to  change  gold  into  currency. 

Rule. — Multiply  the  given  sum  of  gold  by  the  price  of  gold. 

How  to  change  currency  into  gold. 

Divide  the  amount  in  currency  by  the  price  of  gold. 

How  to  find  each  partner's  share  of  the  gain  or  loss  in  a  co-partnership  business. 

Rule. — Divide  the  whole  gain  or  loss  by  the  entire  stock,  the  quotient  will  be  the , 
gain  or  loss  per  cent. 

Multiply  each  partner's  stock  by  this  per  ceixt.,  the  result  will  be  each  one's  share  of 
the  gain  or  loss. 

How  to  find  gross  and  net  weight  and  price  of  hogs, 

A  short  and  simple  method  for  finding  the  net  weight,  or  price  of  hogs,  when  the 
gross  weight  or  price  is  given,  and  vice  versa. 

Note. — It  is  generally  assumed  that  the  gross  weight  of  Hogs  diminishtd  by  1-5  or  20  per  cent,  of  itself  gives 
the  net  weight,  and  the  net  weight  increased  by  %  or  25  per  cent,  of  itself  equals  the  gross  weight. 

To  find  the  net  weight  or  gross  price. 

Multiply  the  given  number  by  .8  (tenths). 

To  find  the  gross  weight  or  net  price. 

Divide  the  given  number  by  .8  (tenths). 

How  to  find  the  capacity  of  a  granary,  bin,  or  wagon-bed. 

Rule. — Multiply  (by  siiort  method)  the  number  of  cubic  feet  by  6808,  and  point  off 
ONE  decimiil  place  —  the  result  will  be  the  correct  answer  in  bushels  and  tenths  of  a 
bushel. 

For  only  an  approximate  answer,  multiply  the  cubic  feet  by  8,  and  point  off  one 
decimal  place. 

How  to  find  the  contents  of  a  corn-crib. 

Rule. — Multiply  the  number  of  cubic  feet  by  54,  short  method,  or  by  4i  ordinar)' 
method,  and  point  off  ONE  decimal  place  — the  result  will  be  the  answer  in  bushels. 

Note. — In  estimating  corn  in  the  ear,  the  quality  and  the  limt  it  hat  betn  cribhrd  must  be  taken  into  con- 
sideration, since  cum  will  shrink  considerably  during  the  Winter  and  Spring.  This  rule  generally  holds  good  for 
com  measured  at  the  time  it  is  cribbed,  provided  it  is  sound  and  clean. 

How  to  find  the  contents  of  a  cistern  or  tank. 

Rule. — Multiply  the  square  of  the  mean  diameter  by  the  deiitli  (all  in  feet)  and 
this  product  l)y  ■")t581  (short  method),  iiiid  point  off  one  decimal  place  —  the  result 
will  be  the  contents  in  liarrcls  of  '.il^  gallons. 

How  to  find  the  contents  of  a  barrel  or  cask. 

Rule. — Under  the  square  of  the  mean  diameter,  write  the  length  (all  in  inches)  in 
REVEHSeI)  order,  so  that  its  units  will  fall  under  tlie  TEN.s ;  multiply  by  short  method, 
and  tills  [iroduct  again  by  480;  point  off  one  decimal  place,  and  the  result  will  be  the 
answer  in  wine  gallons. 

How  to  measure  boards. 

Rule. — Multiply  the  length  (in  feet)  by  the  width  (in  inches)  and  divide  the 
product  by  12 —  the  result  will  l)e  the  contents  in  square  feet. 

How  to  measure  scantlings,  joists,  planks,  sills,  etc. 


GENERAL   HISTORY   OF   ILLINOIS.  221 

Rule. — Multiply  the  width,  the  thickness,  and  the  length  together  (the  width  and 
thickness  in  inches,  and  the  length  in  feet),  and  divide  the  product  by  12  —  the  result 
will  be  square  feet. 

How  to  find  the  numher  of  acres  in  a  body  of  land. 

Rule. — Multiply  the  length  by  the  width  (in  rods),  and  divide  the  product  by  160 
(carrying  the  division  to  2  decimal  places  if  there  is  a  remainder)  ;  the  result  will  be  the 
answer  in  acres  and  hundredths. 

When  the  opposite  sides  of  a  piece  of  land  are  of  unequal  length,  add  them  together 
and  take  one-half  for  the  mean  length  or  width. 

How  to  find  the  numher  of  square  yards  in  a  floor  or  wall. 

Rule. — Multiply  the  length  by  the  width  or  height  (in  feet),  and  divide  the 
product  by  9,  the  result  will  be  square  yards. 

How  to  find  the  number  of  bricks  required  in  a  building. 

Rule. — Multiplj'  the  number  of  cubic  feet  by  22|^. 

The  number  of  cubic  feet  is  found  by  multiplying  the  length,  height  and  thickness 
(in  feet)  together. 

Bricks  are  usually  made  8  inches  long,  4  inches  wide,  aud  two  inches  thick  ;  hence 
it  requires  27  bricks  to  make  a  cubic  foot  without  mortar,  but  it  is  generally  assumed  that 
the  mortar  fills  1-6  of  the  space. 

How  to  find  the  number  of  shingles  required  in  a  roof. 

Rule. — Multiply  the  number  of  square  feet  in  the  roof  by  8,  if  the  shingles  are 
exposed  44^  inches,  or  bj'  7  1-5  if  exposed  5  inches. 

To  find  the  number  of  square  feet,  multiply  the  length  of  the  roof  by  twice  the 
length  of  the  rafters. 

To  find  the  length  of  the  rafters,  at  one-fourth  pitch,  multiply  the  width  of  the 
building  by  .56  (hundredths);  at  ONE-THIRD  pitch,  by  .6  (tenths);  at  two-fifths  pitch, 
by  .64  (hundredths);  at  ONE-HALF  pitch,  by  .71  (hundredths).  This  gives  the  length 
of  the  rafters  from  the  apex  to  the  end  of  the  wall,  and  whatever  they  are  to  project 
must  be  taken  into  consideration. 

Note. —  By  %  or  y%  pitch  is  meant  that  the  apex  or  comb  of  the  roof  is  to  be  %  or  %  the  width  of  the  building 
HIGHER  than  the  walls  or  base  of  the  rafters. 

Hotu  to  reckon  the  cost  of  hay. 

Rule. —  Multiply  the  number  of  pounds  by  half  the  price  per  ton,  and  remove  the 
decimal  point  three  places  to  the  left. 

How  to  measure  grain. 

Rule. —  Level  the  grain;  ascertain  the  space  it  occupies  in  cubic  feet;  multiply  the 
number  of  cubic  feet  by  8,  and  point  off  one  place  to  the  left. 

Note. —  Exactness  requires  the  addition  to  every  three  hundred  bushels  of  one  extra  bushel. 

The  foregoing  rule  may  be  used  for  finding  the  number  of  gallons,  by  multiplying  the 
number  of  bushels  by  8. 

If  the  corn  in  the  box  is  in  the  ear,  divide  the  answer  by  2,  to  find  the  number  of 
bushels  of  shelled  corn,  because  it  requires  2  bushels  of  ear  corn  to  make  1  of  shelled 
corn. 

Rapid  rules  for  measuring  land  without  instruments. 

In  measuiing  land,  the  first  thing  to  ascertain  is  the  contents  of  any  given  plot  in 
square  yards;  then,  given  the  number  of  yards,  find  out  the  number  of  rods  and  acres. 

The  most  ancient  and  simplest  measure  of  distance  is  a  step.  Now,  an  ordinary- 
sized  man  can  train  himself  to  cover  one  yard  at  a  stride,  on  the  average,  with  sufiicient 
accuracy  for  ordinary  purposes. 

To  make  use  of  this  means  of  measuring  distances,  it  is  essential  to  walk  on  a  straight 


222  GENEKAL   HISTORY  OF   ILLINOIS. 

line ;  to  do  this,  fix  the  eye  on  two  objects  in  a  line  straight  ahead,  one  comparatively 
near,  the  other  remote ;  and,  in  walking,  keep  these  objects  constantly  in  line. 

Farmer*  and  other*  by  adopting  the  following  gimple  and  ingenioiu  contrivance,  may 
alwayt  carry  with  them  the  scale  to  construct  a  correct  yard  measure. 

Take  a  foot  rule,  and  commencing  at  the  base  of  the  little  finger  of  the  left  hand, 
mark  the  quarters  of  the  foot  on  the  outer  borders  of  the  left  arm,  pricking  in  the  marks 
with  indelible  ink. 

To  find  how  many  rods  in  length  will  make  an  acre,  the  width  being  given. 

RcxE. —  Di>nde  160  by  the  width,  and  the  quotient  will  be  the  answer. 

ffow  to  find  the  number  of  acres  in  any  plot  of  land,  the  number  of  rods  being  given. 

Rule. —  Divide  the  number  of  rods  by  8,  multiply  the  quotient  by  5,  and  remove 
the  decimal  point  two  places  to  the  left. 

The  diameter  being  given,  to  find  the  circumference. 

Rule. —  Multiply  the  diameter  by  31-7. 

How  to  find  the  diameter,  when  the  circumference  is  given. 

Rule. —  Divide  the  circumference  by  3  1-7. 

To  find  how  many  solid  feet  a  round  stick  of  timber' of  the  same  thickness  throughout  will 
contain  when  squared. 

Rule. —  Square  half  the  diameter  in  inches,  multiply  by  2,  multiply  by  the  length 
in  feet,  and  divide  the  product  by  144. 

General  rule  for  measuring  timber,  to  find  the  solid  contents  in  feet. 

Rule. —  Multiply  the  depth  in  inches  by  the  breadth  in  inches,  and  then  multiply  by 
the  length  in  feet,  and  divide  by  144. 

To  find  the  number  of  feet  of  timber  in  trees  trith  the  bark  on. 

Rule. —  Multiply  the  square  of  one-fifth  of  the  circumference  in  inches  by  twice  the 
length,  in  feet,  and  divide  by  144.  Deduct  1-10  to  1-15,  according  to  the  thickness  of 
the  bark. 

Howard's  7iew  rule  for  computing  interest. 

Rule. —  The  reciprocal  of  the  rate  is  the  time  for  which  the  interest  on  any  sum  of 
money  will  be  shown  by  simply  removing  the  decimal  point  two  places  to  the  left ;  for 
ten  times  that  time,  remove  the  point  one  place  to  the  left ;  for  1-10  of  the  same  time, 
remove  the  point  three  places  to  the  left. 

Increase  or  diminish  the  results  to  suit  the  time  given. 

Note. — The  reciprocal  of  the  rale  is  found  by  inverting  ihe  rale  ;  thus  3  per  cent,  per  month,   in»erted,   be- 
comes J-^  of  a  month,  or  lo  days. 

When  the  rate  is  expressed  by  one  figure,  always  write  it  thus :  3-1,  three  ones. 
Rule  for  converting  Englinh  into  American  currency. 

Multiply  the  pounds,  with  tlie  shillings  and  pence  stated  in  decimals,  by  400  plus  the 
premium  in  fourths,  and  divide  the  product  by  90. 

u.  8.  government  land  measure. 

A  township  —  36  sections  each  a  mile  square. 

A  section  —  640  acres. 

A  quarter  section,  half  a  mile  square  —  160  acres. 

An  eighth  section,  half  a  mile  long,  north  and  south,  and  a  quarter  of  a  mile  wide  — 
80  acres. 

A  sixteenth  section,  a  quarter  of  a  mile  square — 40  acres. 

The  sections  are  all  numbered  1  to  36,  commencing  at  the  north-east  corner. 

The  sections  are  divided  into  quarters,  which  arc  named  by  the  cardinal  points.  The 
quarters  are  divided  in  the  same  way.  The  descripticin  of  a  forty-acre  lot  would  reail  : 
The  south  half  of  the  west  half  of  the  south-west  quarter  of  section  1  in  township  24, 


make 

it 

it 

1 
1 
1 
1 

link, 
rod. 
chain, 
mile. 

a  barleycorn  ;  t 

GENERAL   HISTORY   OF   ILLINOIS.  223 

north  of  range  7  west,  or  as  the  case  might  be  ;    and  sometimes  will  fall  short  and  some- 
times overrun  the  number  of  acres  it  is  supposed  to  contain. 

The  nautical  mile  is  795  4-5  feet  longer  than  the  common  mile. 

survbtob's  measure. 
7  92-100  inches  ..... 

25  links  -  .  .  .  _ 

4  rods  ...... 

80  chains  ..... 

Note. — A  chain  is  100  links,  equal  to  4  rods  or  66  feet. 

Shoemakers  formerly  used  a  subdivision  of  the  inch  called  a  barleycorn  ;  three  of 
which  made  an  inch. 

Horses  are  measured  directly  over  the  fore  feet,  and  the  standard  of  measure  is  four 
inches  —  called  a  hand. 

In  Biblical  and  other  old  measurements,  the  term  span  is  sometimes  used,  which  is  a 
length  of  nine  inches. 

The  sacred  cubit  of  the  Jews  was  24.024  inches  in  length. 
The  common  cubit  of  the  Jews  was  21.704  inches  in  length. 
A  pace  is  equal  to  a  yard  or  36  inches. 
A  fathom  is  equal  to  6  feet. 

A  league  is  three  miles,  but  its  length  is  variable,  for  it  is,  strictly  speaking,  a  nau- 
tical term,  and  should  be  three  geographical  miles,  equal  to  3.45  statute  miles,  but  when 
used  on  land,  three  statute  miles  are  said  to  be  a  league. 

In  cloth  measure  an  aune  is  equal  to  1|-  yards,  or  45  inches. 
An  Amsterdam  ell  is  equal  to  26.796  inches. 
A  Trieste  ell  is  equal  to  25.284  inches. 
A  Brabant  ell  is  equal  to  27.116  inches. 


CHAPTER  XXI. 

MODERN  CHICAGO. 

Chicago  of  "Long  Ago"  —  Wonderful  Growth  —  Situation — Divisions — Bridges  —  Tunnels  —  System  of  Water 
Supply. —  A  Great  Undertaking  —  Triumph  of  Engineering  Skill  —  The  Great  Fire  —  Generous  Sympathy  and 
Liberal  Contributions  —  The  City  Rebuilt  —  Grandeur  of  Architecture  —  Commerce  —  Railroads  and  Shipping 
Facilities  —  Exposition  —  Exposition  Building  —  First  and  Last  Census. 

A  sketch  of  Chicago  is  embraced  in  the  History  of  the  Northwest  Territory,  which 
forms  the  first  part  of  this  volume.  That  sketch  relates,  for  the  most  part,  to  the  Chi- 
cago of  the  "  Long  Ago,"  when  it  was  only  a  remote  frontier  trading  post,  and  its  com- 
merce confined  to  traffic  with  the  Indians.  This  chapter  will  be  devoted  to  the  magic- 
like growth  of  the  old  trading  place  into  a  city  that  is  the  wonder  and  admiration  of 
the  civilized  and  commercial  world,  the  home  of  nearly  half  a  million  people,  and  whose 
architectural  elegance  is  without  a  parallel. 

In  comparing  Chicago  as  it  was  a  few  decades  ago,  with  Chicago  as  it  is  now,  we 
recognize  a  change  the  magnitude  of  which  we  would  be  inclined  to  doubt,  were  it  not 
an  acknowledged,  indisputable  fact.  Rapid  as  is  the  customary  development  of  towns 
and  cities,  as  well  as  of  country  districts  in  the  United  States,  the  growth  of  Chicago  is 
without  a  rival  in  this  or  any  other  country. 


224  GENERA.L  HISTORY  OF  ILLINOIS. 

The  city  of  Chicago  is  situated  on  the  west  shore  of  Lake  Michigan,  at  the  mouth  of 
the  Chicago  river.  It  extends  north  and  south  along  the  lake  about  ten  miles,  and  em- 
braces an  area  of  something  more  than  forty  square  miles.  To  the  eye  of  an  observer. 
Chicago  seems  to  be  situated  upon  a  level  plain,  but  in  reality  the  height  of  the  natural 
surface  above  the  lake  varies  from  three  to  twenty -four  feet,  and  the  grade  of  the  princi- 
pal streets  has  been  raised  from  two  to  eight  feet  above  the  original  surface.  A  complete 
system  of  sewerage  has  been  established.  The  surrounding  prairie  for  many  miles  is  ap- 
parently without  much  variation  of  surface.  Though  it  can  not  be  observed  by  the  eye, 
yet  the  city  really  stands  on  the  dividing  ridge  between  the  two  great  rivers  that  drain 
half  the  continent,  and  is  about  six  hundred  feet  above  the  ocean.  Chicago  river,  before 
being  widened,  deepened,  and  improved,  was  a  very  small  stream.  It  has  but  very  little 
perceptible  current,  and  for  several  miles  is  very  nearly  on  a  level  with  tlie  Like.  It  is 
formed  by  two  branches,  one  from  the  north  and  the  other  from  the  south,  which  unite 
about  a  mile  from  tlie  lake.  From  this  junction  the  stream  flows  due  east  to  tlie  lake. 
These  streams  divide  the  city  into  three  parts,  familiarly  known  as  the  North  Side,  South 
Side,  and  West  Side.  Bridges  constructed  upon  turn-tables,  or  pivots,  are  thrown  across 
the  streams  at  many  places.  By  swinging  the  bridges  round,  vessels  are  allowed  to  be 
toweit  up  and  down  the  river  by  steam  tugs,  so  that  there  is  very  little  difficulty  in  the 
way  of  passing  from  one  division  of  the  city  to  another.  The  stream  has  been  made 
navigable  for  several  miles  for  sail  vessels  and  propellers,  and  immense  warehouses  and 
elevators  have  I)een  constructed  along  its  banks,  where  vessels  are  loaded  and  unloaded 
with  great  rapidity. 

Besides  the  numerous  bridges,  there  are  two  tunnels  under  the  river,  which  were 
constructed  to  facilitate  travel  and  avoid  delays  in  consequence  of  open  bridges.  Each 
of  these  tunnels  are  provided  with  wagon  and  foot-ways.  One  of  them  connects  the 
North  and  South  Sides  at  the  LaSalle  Street  crossing.  The  other  tunnel  connects  the 
West  and  South  divisions  via  Washington  Street.  The  LaSalle  Street  tunnel  was  com- 
menced in  18ti0,  iind  completed  in  1871,  at  a  cost  of  §510,000. 

The  first  great  public  improvement  projected  by  Chicago  enterprise  was  the  Illinois 
and  Michigan  Canal,  to  connect  Chicago  and  the  lake  with  the  Illinois  river,  at  LaSalle, 
the  head  of  navigation  on  the  river.  The  canal  is  one  hundred  miles  in  length,  and  was 
completed  in  lS4h. 

SYSTEM    OF    WATER   SUPPLY. 

The  greatest  local  engineering  feat  was  the  construction  of  tiie  present  system  of 
water  supply  and  the  tunnels  under  the  river.  Owing  to  the  fact  that  the  water  in  the 
lake,  near  the  river,  was  polluted  with  filtii  from  the  river,  a  plan  was  devised  and  car- 
ried iuto  execution  in  IbO.j,  for  bringing  the  supply  from  far  out  in  the  lake.  To  accom- 
plish this  a  sliaft  was  sunk  on  the  lake  shore  at  the  old  water  works  on  the  North  Side, 
from  which  a  tunnel  was  cut  under  the  lake  to  a  water  crib  that  was  sunk  in  the  lake  two 
miles  from  the  shore.  The  tunnel  is  thirty-five  feet  below  the  bed  of  the  lake,  is  iive  feet 
tw(j  inches  in  diameter,  and  is  walled  with  fire  brick  and  then  covered  willi  a  thick  coat- 
Hig  of  water  cement.  Tlie  work  of  digging  the  tunnel  was  commenced  at  l)olh  ends,  and 
was  so  accurately  prosecuted  that  wlien  the  workmen  met  there  wjis  but  a  few  inches 
variation  in  the  respective  lines.  The  contract  price  for  building  it  was  f:n5,l;]9.  This 
tunnel  can  deliver  50,000,000  gallons  of  water  per  day.  A  second  tunnel  was  afterwards 
constructed,  seven  feet  in  diameter,  six  miles  long,  extending  four  miles  under  the  city, 
with  a  capacity  of  100,000,000  gallons  per  day.  This  water  is  distributed  through  over 
410  miles  of  water  mains,  and  the  closest  analysis  shows  it  free  from  impurities.     Thus 


GENERAL   HISTORY   OF   ILLINOIS. 


225 


i     ^/'il?-;#M 


llliriiiij 


226  GENEILVL   HISTORY   OF    ILLINOIS. 

it  will  be  seen  the  water  supply  of  the  "  Garden  City  "  is  unsurpassed  by  that  of  any 
city  in  the  world. 

THE   GREAT   FIBE. 

The  8th  and  9th  days  of  October,  A.  D.,  1871,  will  ever  be  memorable,  not  only  in 
the  history  of  the  "  City  of  the  Unsalted  Sea,"  and  the  great  State  of  Illinois,  but  in  the 
entire  country  and  throughout  the  civilized  world.  At  that  time  this  city  was  the  scene 
of  the  greatest  conflagration  ever  known  in  the  history  of  the  world,  far  surpassing  that 
which  occurred  in  London,  in  1G66,  when  thirteen  thousand  buildings  were  destroyed. 
In  this  great  Chicago  fire,  seventeen  thousand  four  hundred  and  fifty  buildings  were  swept 
away  by  the  devouring  element,  and  ninety-eight  thousand  five  hundred  people  rendered 
houseless  and  homeless.  Miles  of  magnificent  business  blocks,  palatial  residences  and 
costly  ornamentations  were  laid  in  ashes,  the  devastation  covering  an  area  of  2,004  acres, 
or  three  and  one-third  miles. 

The  sensation  conveyed  to  the  spectator  of  this  unparalleled  destruction,  whether 
through  the  eye,  the  ear  or  other  senses  or  sympathies,  can  not  be  adequately  described, 
and  any  attempted  description  would  only  test  the  povertj-  of  language.  As  a  spectacle, 
it  was,  beyond  question,  the  grandest,  and  at  the  same  time  the  most  appalling,  ever 
witnessed  by  mortal  eyes.  "  From  au  elevated  standpoint,"  said  an  eyewitness,  "the 
appearance  was  that  of  a  vast  ocean  of  flame,  sweeping  in  mile-long  billows  and  breakers 
over  the  doomed  city."  Brick  and  stone  buildings  melted  away  like  snow.  The  flames 
lapped  from  street  to  street,  and  large  l>uildings  perished  at  their  touch.  Added  to  the 
spectacular  elements  of  the  conflagration  —  the  intense  and  lurid  light,  tlie  sea  of  red 
and  black,  and  the  spires  and  pyramids  of  flame  shooting  into  tlie  heavens  —  was  its  con- 
stant and  terrible  roar,  drowning  even  the  voices  of  the  shrieking  multitude  of  almost  a 
hundred  thousand  human  beings  that  were  driven  into  the  streets  and  from  place  to  place 
—  even  into  the  lake — to  find  safety  and  refuge  from  the  irresistible,  unconquerable 
burning.  With  that  terrible,  unmistakable  roar  of  tlie  fast-spreading  flames,  there  fell 
upon  the  ears  of  the  lielpless  thousands  the  loud  and  rapid  detonations  of  explosions  — 
or  falling  walls.  In  short,  all  sights  and  sounds  that  could  terrify  tlie  weak  and  unnerve 
the  strong,  held  supreme  dominion.  But  tliey  were  only  the  accompaniment  wliich  the 
orchestra  of  nature  was  furnisliing  to  tlie  terrible  tragedy  tliere  being  enacted.  But 
amidst  all  the  devastation  of  property  and  the  crowded  life  and  death  race  of  so  many 
tens  of  thousands  of  men,  women  and  cliildren,  only  two  hundred  of  them  are  known  to 
have  [)erislied  during  the  two  days  march  of  the  destroyer. 

It  has  been  estimated  thai  tlie  loss  occasioned  by  this  fire,  not  including  tlie  deprecia- 
tion of  real  estate  and  the  interruption  to  business,  was  811*0,000,000,  of  wliich  only 
$44,000,000  was  recovered  in  insurance,  leaving  $146,000,000  disseminated  in  thin  air  or 
lying  in  smouldering  ruins. 

But  the  S3mpathy  of  the  whole  civilized  world  was  awakened,  and  generous  hearts 
and  plethoric  purses  sent  contributions  by  tens,  and  hundreds,  and  thousands,  and  tens  of 
thousands  of  money  (to  say  notiiing  of  jirovision  and  clotliing  that  were  Cdutrilniti'd  by 
the  car-load  from  all  parts  of  the  country),  as  reported  bj'  the  Relief  and  Aid  Society  up 
to  Nov.  7,  1871,  until  the  sum  total  readied  in  cash  $2.0.")1,02."),  and  the  estimated  amount 
of  provisions,  clothing,  etc.,  swelled  the  donations  to  the  magnificent  sum  of  f3,.")00,000. 

Chicago  was  rclmiil.  Like  the  fabled  Phn-nix,  the  city  rose  again  from  the  ashes  of 
her  ruin,  mucli  grander  and  more  magnificent  than  before.  The  interruption  to  business 
was  of  sliort  duration  ;  and  witliin  one  year  after  tlie  fire  a  large  part  of  tlie  burned  dis- 
trict was  reliuilt,  and  now  there  is  scarcely  a  trace  of  the  ilire  disaster,  save  in  the 
improved  cluiracter  of  tlie  new  buildings  over  those  destroyed,  and  the  generally  improved 
appearance  cif  the  citv,  wiiicli,  in  an  architectural  sense,  is  acknowledged  by  noted 
tourists  and  travelers  to  be  the  finest  in  the  world. 


GENERAL   HISTORY  OF   ILLINOIS. 


227 


COMMERCE  OF   CHICAGO. 

The  trade  of  Chicago  is  co-extensive  with  the  world.  In  all  countries  and  in  every 
clime,  the  trade  marks  of  her  merchants  are  seen.  Everywhere  Chicago  stands  promi- 
nently identified  with  the  commerce  of  the  continent.  A  few  years  ago,  grain  was 
carted  to  Chicago  in  wagons  and  exchanged  for  salt,  groceries,  etc.,  which,  in  turn,  were 
carted  back  to  prairie  homes.  Now  more  than  10,000  miles  of  raih-oad,  with  thousands 
of  trains  heavily  laden  with  the  products  of  the  country  center  here.  The  cash  value 
of  the  produce  handled  during  the  year  1878,  was  $220,000,000  ;  its  aggregate  weight, 
7,000,000  tons,  equivalent  to  700,000  car  loads.  The  transportation  of  this  great  bulk  of 
produce  required  28,000  trains  of  ordinary  capacity.  These  trains,  if  arranged  in  one 
continuous  line,  and  one  following  the  other  in  close  order,  would  have  reached  from 
London  across  the  Atlantic  to  New  York,  and  from  New  York  across  the  continent  to 
San  Francisco. 

In  the  grain,  lumber  and  stock  trade,  Chicago  has  surpassed  all  rivals,  and  is,  indeed, 
not  only  without  a  peer,  but  in  these  branches  of  commerce  excels  any  three  or  four 


PASSENGER  DEPOT  oi'  THE  CHICAGO  ROCK   ISLAND   &   PACIFIC  RAILWAY  CO.,  AT  CHICAGO. 

other  cities  in  the  world.  Of  grain,  the  vast  quantity  of  134,851,193  bushels  was 
received  during  the  year  1878.  This  was  about  two-fifths  more  than  ever  received 
before  in  one  year.  It  took  13,000  long  freight  trains  to  carry  it  from  the  fields  of  the 
Northwest  to  Chicago.  This  would  make  a  continuous  train  that  would  reach  across  the 
continent  from  New  York  to  San  Francisco.  Speaking  more  in  detail,  there  were 
received  of  the  various  cereals  during  the  year,  62,783,577  bushels  of  corn,  29,901,220 
bushels  of  wheat,  18,251,529  bushels  of  oats,  133,981,104  pounds  of  seed.  The  last 
item  alone  would  fill  about  7,000  freight  cars. 

The  lumber  received  during  the  year  1878  was,  1,171,364,000  feet,  exceeded  only  in 
1872,  the  year  after  the  great  fire.  This  vast  amount  of  lumber  would  require  195,000 
freight  cars  to  transport  it.  It  would  build  a  fence,  four  boards  high,  four  and  one-half 
times  around  the  globe. 

In  the  stock  trade  for  the  year  1878,  the  figures  assume  proportions  almost  incredi- 


228  GENERAL    HISTORY  OF   ILLINOIS. 

ble.  They  are,  however,  from  reliable  and  trustworthy  sources,  and  must  be  accepted  as 
authentic.  There  were  received  during  the  j'ear,  6,339,656  hogs,  being  2,000,000  more 
than  ever  received  before  in  one  year.  It  required  129,916  stock  cars  to  transport  this 
vast  number  of  hogs  from  the  farms  of  the  West  and  Northwest  to  the  stock  yards  of 
Chicago.  These  hogs  arranged  in  single  file,  would  form  a  connecting  link  between 
Chicago  and  Pekin,  China. 

Of  the  large  number  of  hogs  received,  five  millions  of  them  were  slaughtered  in 
Chicago.  The  aggregate  amount  of  product  manufactured  from  these  hogs  was  918,000,- 
000  pounds.  The  capacity  of  the  houses  engaged  in  slaughtering  operations  in  Chicago 
is  60,000  hogs  daily.  The  number  of  hands  employed  in  these  houses  is  from  6,000  to 
8,000.  The  number  of  packages  required  in  which  to  market  the  year's  product  is 
enormously  large,  aggregating  500,000  barrels,  800,000  tierces,  and  650,000  boxes. 

There  has  been  within  the  stock  yards  of  the  city,  during  the  year  1878,  1,036,066 
cattle.  These  were  gathered  from  the  plains  of  Oregon,  Wyoming  and  Utah,  and  the 
grazing  regions  of  Texas,  as  well  as  from  all  the  Southern,  Western  and  Northwestern 
States  and  Territories,  and  from  the  East  as  far  as  Ohio.  If  these  cattle  were  driven 
from  Chicago  southward,  in  single  file,  through  the  United  States,  Mexico,  and  the  Cen- 
tral American  States  into  .South  America,  the  foremost  could  graze  on  tlie  plains  of  Brazil, 
ere  the  last  one  had  passed  tlie  limits  of  the  great  city. 

EXPORTATIONS. 

Not  only  does  Chicago  attract  to  its  great  market  the  products  of  a  continent,  but 
from  it  is  distributed  throughout  the  world  manufactured  goods.  Every  vessel  and  every 
train  headed  toward  that  city  are  heavily  ladened  with  the  crude  products  of  the  farm, 
of  the  forests,  or  of  tiie  bowels  of  the  earth,  and  every  ship  that  leaves  her  docks  and 
every  train  that  flies  from  her  limits  are  filled  with  manufactured  articles.  These  goods 
not  only  find  tlieir  way  all  over  our  own  country,  but  into  Europe,  Asia,  Australia, 
Africa,  South  America,  Mexico  and  the  Islands  of  the  sea  ;  indeed,  every  nook  and  cor- 
ner of  the  globe,  where  there  is  a  demand  for  her  goods,  her  merchants  are  ready 
to  supply. 

WHOLESALE  TRADE. 

The  wholesale  trade  for  the  year  1878  reached  enormous  figures,  aggregating  $280,- 
000,000.  Divided  among  the  leading  lines,  there  were  sold  of  dry  gnods,  $'.15,000,000 
worth.  The  trade  in  groceries  amounted  to  #66,000.000  ;  liardware,  *20,000,000  ;  boots 
and  shoes,  #24.000,000  :  ch.thing.  817,000,000  ;  carpets,  88,000,000  ;  millinerv,  ?7,000,- 
000  ;  hats  and  caps,  86,000,000  ;  leather,  $8,000,000  ;  drugs,  $6,000,000  ;  jewelry,  $4,500,- 
000;  musical  instruments,  82,800.000.  Chicago  sold  over  85,000.000  worth  of  fruit 
during  the  year,  and  for  the  same  time  her  fish  trade  amounted  to  $1,400,000,  and  her 
oyster  trade  84,500,000.  The  candy  and  other  confectienary  trade  amounted  to  $1,- 
534,900.     This  would  fill  all  the  Christmas  stockings  in  the  United  States. 

MISCELLANEOUS. 

In  1852  the  commerce  of  the  city  reached  the  hopeful  sum  of  $20,000,000 ;  since 
then,  the  annual  sales  of  one  firm  amount  to  that  much.  In  1870,  it  reached  $400,000,- 
000,  and  in  1878  it  had  grown  so  rapidly  that  the  trade  of  the  city  amounted  during  that 
year  to  $650,000,000.  Iler  manufacturing  interests  have  likewise  grown.  In  1878,  her 
manufactories  employed  in  the  neighborhood  of  75,000  operators.  The  jirodiicts  manu- 
factured during  the  year  were  valued  at  82:50,000,000.  In  reviewing  the  shij)ping  in- 
terests of  Chicago,  we  find  it  equally  enormous.  So  considerable,  indeed,  is  the  com- 
mercial navy  of  Chicago,  that  in  the  seasons  of  navigation,  one  vessel  sails  every  nine 
minutes  during  the  business  hours ;  add  to  this  the  canal-boats  that  leave,  one  every  five 


GENERAL  HISTORY   OF   ILLINOIS. 


229 


minutes  during  the  same  time,  and  one  will  have  some  conception  of  the  magnitude  of 
her  shipping.  More  vessels  arrive  and  depart  from  this  port  during  the  season  than 
enter  or  leave  any  other  port  in  the  world. 

In  1831,  the  mail  system  was  condensed  into  a  half  breed,  who  went  on  foot  to  Niles, 
Mich.,  once  in  two  weeks,  and  brought  back  what  papers  and  news  he  could  find.  As  late 
as  1846,  there  was  often  but  one  mail  a  week.  A  post-office  was  established  in  Chicago 
in  1833,  and  the  postmaster  nailed  up  old  boot  legs  upon  one  side  of  his  shop  to  serve  as 
boxes.     It  has  since  grown  to  be  the  largest  receiving  of&ce  in  the  United  States. 

In  1844,  the  quagmires  in  the  streets  were  first  pontooned  by  plank  roads.  The 
wooden-block  pavement  appeared  in  1857.  In  1840,  water  was  delivered  by  peddlers,  in 
carts  or  by  hand.  Then  a  twenty-five  horse  power  engine  pushed  it  through  hollow  or 
bored  logs  along  the  streets  till  1854,  when  it  was  introduced  into  the  houses  by  new 
works.  The  first  fire-engine  was  used  in  1835,  and  the  first  steam  fire-engine  in  1859. 
Gas  was  utilized  for  lighting  the  city  in  1850.  The  Young  Men's  Christian  Association 
was  organized  in  1858.     Street  cars  commenced  running  in  1854.       The   Museum  was 


opened  in  1863.     The  alarm  telegraph  adopted  in  1864. 
The  telephone  introduced  in  1878. 


The  opera  house  built  in  1865. 


INTER-STATE    LNDtlSTKIAl,   EXPOSITION,    OF   CHICAGO. 

There  is  no  grand  scenery  about  Chicago  except  the  two  seas,  one  of  water,  the 
other  of  prairie.  Nevertheless,  there  is  a  spirit  about  it,  a  push,  a  breadth,  a  power,  that 
soon  makes  it  a  place  never  to  be  forsaken.  Chicago  handles  the  wealth  of  one-fourth 
of  the  territory  of  the  American  Republic.  The  Atlantic  sea-coast  divides  its  margins 
between  Portland,  Boston,  New  York,  Philadelphia,  Baltimore  and  Savannah,  but 
Chicago  has  a  dozen  empires  casting  their  treasures  into  her  lap.  On  a  bed  of  coal  that 
can  run  all  the  machinery  of  the  world  for  five  hundred  centuries ;  in  a  garden  that  can 
feed  the  human  race  by  the  thousand  years ;  at  the  head  of  the  lakes,  which  give  her  a 
temperature  as  a  Summer  resort  eqiuilled  by  no  great  city  in  the  land  ;  with  a  climate 
that  insures  the  health  of  her  citizens ;  surrounded  by  all  the  great  deposits  of  natural 
wealth  in  mines  and  forests  and  fields  and  herds,  Chicago  is  the  wonder  of  to-day,  and 
will  be  the  city  of  the  future. 

THE   EXPOSITION   AND   EXPOSITION    BUILDING. 

Another  feature  of  this  great  city  worthy  of  mention  is  the  Exposition  held  annu- 
ally. The  ruins  of  the  great  fire  were  yet  smoking  when  the  Exposition  Building 
was  erected,  only  ninety  days  being  consumed  in  its  construction.       The  accompanying 


230  GENERAL   HISTORY   OF   ILMNOTS 

engraving  of  the  building,  the  main  part  of  which  is  one  thousand  feet  long,  will  give 
the  reader  an  idea  of  its  magnitude  and  style  of  architecture. 

FIRST  AND   LAST   CEaJSUS. 

As  already  stated,  when  the  first  census  was  taken,  on  the  1st  of  July,  1837,  the 
population  of  Chicago  was  4,170.  In  1840,  it  was  4,270,  an  increase  in  three  years  of 
only  one  hundred.  In  1845,  the  number  reached  1-2,088;  in  18.50,  28,269;  in  18.05,  it 
was  8,3,509,  and  in  1870,  298,977  .  and  the  census  of  1880  will  show  a  population  of 
about  .500,000  souls. 


CHAPTER    XXI 1. 

CONSTITUTION  OF  THE  UNITED   STATES   AND  AMENDMENT.S— DIGEST 

OF  STATE  LAWS. 

Laws:  Bills  of  Exchange  —  Promissory  Notes  —  Interest — Taxes  —  Exemption  From  Forced  Sale  —  Deeds  and 
Mortgages —  Form  of  Chattel  Mortgage —  Landlord  and  Tenant —  Laborer's  and  Mech.nnic's  Lien  —  jurisdic- 
tion of  Courts  —  Limitations  of  Actions  —  Subscriplions —  Married  Women  —  Adoption  of  Children  —  Estrays  — 
Marks  and  Brands—  Millers  —  Roads  —  Fences —  Paupers  —  Drainage  —  Surveyors  and  Surveys — Church  Or- 
ganization. Miscellaneous  Forms  ;  Form  of  an  Order —  Form  of  a  Receipt  — Form  of  Bill  of  Sale  or  Purchase 
—  Form  of  Articles  of  Agreement  —  Form  of  Agreement  for  Sale  of  Real  Estate  —  Form  of  Bond  —  Form  of 
Release  —  General  Form  of  Will  —  P'orm  of  Codicil. 

THE   CONSTITUTION. 

We,  the  people  of  the  United  States,  in  order  to  form  a  more  perfect  union,  establish  justice, 
insure  domestic  tranquillity,  provide  for  the  common  defense,  promote  the  general  welfare, 
and  secure  the  blessings  of  liberty  to  ourselves  and  our  posterity,  do  ordain  and  establish 
this  Constitution  for  the  United  States  of  America. 

Section  1.  All  legislative  powers  herein  granted  shall  be  vested  in  a  Congress  of 
the  United  States,  which  shall  consist  of  a  Senate  and  House  of  RcpresiMitatives. 

Sec.  2.  The  House  of  Representatives  shall  be  composed  of  members  chosen  every 
second  year  by  the  people  of  the  several  States,  and  the  electoi-s  in  each  State  shall 
have  the  qualifications  requisite  for  electors  of  tiie  most  numerous  branch  of  the  State 
Legislature. 

No  person  sluill  be  a  representative  who  shall  not  iiavo  attained  to  the  a^e  of  twenty - 
five  years,  and  been  seven  years  a  citizen  of  the  United  States,  and  who  shall  not,  when 
elected,  be  an  inhabitant  of  that  State  in  which  he  shall  be  chosen. 

Representatives  and  direct  taxes  shall  be  apjjortioned  among  the  several  States  which 
maybe  included  within  tliis  Union,  according  to  their  respective  niimliers,  whicli  shall  lie 
determined  by  adding  to  the  whole  number  of  free  persons,  ineluding  those  bound  to 
service  for  a  term  of  years,  and  excluding  Indians  not  taxed,  tiiree-lifths  of  all  other  per- 
sons. The  actual  enumeration  shall  be  made  within  three  years  alter  the  first  meeting  uf 
the  Congress  of  the  United  States,  and  within  every  subseciuenl  term  of  ten  years,  in 
such  manner  as  they  shall  l)y  law  direct.  The  ninnber  of  rei)resentatives  shall  not  exceed 
one  for  every  thirty  tiuaisand,  but  each  State  shall  have  at  least  one  representative;  and 
until  such  enumeration  shall  be  made  the  State  of  New  Hampshire  shall  be  entitled  to 
choose  three,  Ma.ssachusetts  eight,  Rhode  Island  and  rrovidenee  Plantations  one,  Con- 
necticut five.  New  York  six.  New  Jersey  four,  Pennsylvania  eight,  Delaware  one,  Mary- 
land six,  Virginia  ten,  North  Carolina  five,  and  Georgia  three. 


GENERAL   HISTORY   OF   ILLINOIS.  231 

When  vacancies  happen  in  the  representation  from  any  State,  the  executive  authority 
thereof  shall  issue  writs  of  election  to  fill  such  vacancies. 

The  House  of  Representatives  shall  choose  their  Speaker  and  other  ofiBcers,  and 
shall  have  sole  power  of  impeachment. 

Sec.  3.  The  Senate  of  the  United  States  shall  Jae  composed  of  two  Senators  from 
each  State,  chosen  by  the  Legislature  thereof  for  six  years ;  and  each  Senator  shall 
have  one  vote. 

Immediately  after  they  shall  be  assembled  in  consequence  of  the  first  election,  they 
shall  be  divided  as  equally  as  may  be  into  three  classes.  The  seats  of  the  Senators  of  the 
first  class  shall  be  vacated  at  the  expiration  of  the  second  year,  and  of  the  second  class  at 
the  expiration  of  the  fourth  year,  and  of  the  third  class  at  the  expiration  of  the  sixth 
year,  so  that  one-third  may  be  chosen  every  second  year ;  and  if  vacancies  happen  by 
resignation  or  otherwise,  during  the  recess  of  the  Legislature  of  any  State,  the  Executive 
thereof  may  make  temporary  appointments  until  the  next  meeting  of  the  Legislature,  which 
shall  then  fill  such  vacancies. 

No  person  shall  be  a  Senator  who  shall  not  have  attained  to  the  age  of  thirty  years 
and  been  nine  years  a  citizen  of  the  United  States,  and  who  shall  not,  when  elected,  be  an 
inhabitant  of  that  State  for  which  he  shall  be  chosen. 

The  Vice-President  of  the  United  States  shall  be  President  of  the  Senate,  but  shall 
have  no  vote  unless  they  be  equally  divided. 

The  Senate  shall  choose  their  other  officers,  and  also  a  President  pro  tempore, 
in  the  absence  of  the  Vice-President,  or  when  he  shall  exercise  the  office  of  the  President 
of  the  United  States. 

The  Senate  shall  have  the  sole  power  to  try  all  impeachments.  When  sitting  for 
that  purpose  they  shall  be  on  oath  or  affirmation.  When  the  President  of  the  United 
States  is  tried  the  Chief  Justice  shall  preside.  And  no  person  shall  be  convicted  without 
the  concurrence  of  two-thirds  of  the  members  present. 

Judgment,  in  cases  of  impeachment,  shall  not  extend  further  than  to  removal  from 
office,  and  disqualification  to  hold  and  enjoy  any  office  of  honor,  trust,  or  profit  under  the 
United  States  ;  but  the  party  convicted  shall  nevertheless  be  liable  and  subject  to  indict- 
ment, trial,  judgment  and  punishment  according  to  law. 

Sec.  4.  The  times,  places  and  manner  of  holding  elections  for  Senators  and  Repre- 
sentatives shall  be  prescribed  in  each  State  by  the  Legislature  thereof;  but  the  Congress 
may  at  any  time  by  law  make  or  alter  such  regulations,  except  as  to  the  places  of  choos- 
ing Senators. 

The  Congress  shall  assemble  at  least  once  in  every  year,  and  such  meeting  shall  be 
on  the  first  Monday  in  December,  unless  they  shall  by  law  appoint  a  different  day. 

Sec.  5.  Each  house  shall  be  the  judge  of  the  election,  returns  and  qualifications  of 
its  own  members,  and  a  majority  of  each  shall  constitute  a  quorum  to  do  business  ;  but  a 
smaller  number  may  adjourn  from  day  to  dajs  and  may  be  authorized  to  compel  the 
attendance  of  absent  members  in  such  manner  and  under  such  penalties  as  each  house 
may  provide. 

Each  house  may  determine  the  rules  of  its  proceedings,  punish  its  members  for  disor- 
derly behavior,  and,  with  the  concurrence  of  two-thirds,  expel  a  member. 

Each  house  shall  keep  a  journal  of  its  proceedings,  and  from  time  to  time  publish  the 
same,  excepting  such  parts  as  may,  in  their  judgment,  require  secresy  ;  and  the  yeas  and 
nays  of  the  members  of  either  house  on  any  question  shall,  at  the  desire  of  one-fifth  of 
those  present,  be  entered  on  the  journal. 

Neither  house,  during  the  session  of  Congress,  shall,  without  the  consent  of  the  other, 
adjourn  for  more  than  three  days,  nor  to  any  other  place  than  that  in  which  the  two 
houses  shall  be  sitting. 

Sec.  6.     The  Senators  and  Representatives  shall  receive  a  compensation  for  their 


282  GENERAL   HISTORY   OF    ILLINOIS 

services,  to  be  ascertained  by  law,  and  paid  out  of  the  treasury  of  the  United  States.  They 
shall  in  all  cases,  except  treason,  felony,  and  breach  of  the  peace,  be  privileged  from  arrest 
during  their  attendance  at  the  session  of  their  respective  houses,  and  in  going  to  and 
returning  from  the  same  ;  and  for  any  speech  or  debate  in  either  house  they  shall  not  be 
questioned  in  any  other  place. 

No  Senator  or  Representative  shall,  during  the  time  for  which  he  was  elected,  be 
appointed  to  any  civil  office  under  the  authority  of  the  United  States,  which  shall  have 
been  created,  or  the  emoluments  whereof  shall  have  been  increased  during  such  time ; 
and  no  person  holding  any  office  under  the  United  States,  shall  be  a  member  of  either 
house  during  his  continuance  in  office. 

Sec.  7.  All  bills  for  raising  revenue  shall  originate  in  the  House  of  Representatives ; 
but  the  Senate  may  propose  or  concur  with  amendments  as  on  other  bills. 

Every  bill  which  shall  have  passed  the  House  of  Representatives  and  the  Senate,  shall, 
before  it  becomes  a  law,  be  presented  to  the  President  of  the  United  States ;  if  he  approve 
he  shall  sign  it ;  but  if  not  he  shall  return  it  with  his  objections,  to  that  house  in  which 
it  shall  have  originated,  who  shall  enter  the  objections  at  large  on  their  journal,  and  pro- 
ceed to  reconsider  it.  If,  after  such  reconsideration,  two-thirds  of  that  house  shall  agree 
to  pass  the  bill,  it  shall  be  sent,  together  witli  the  objections,  to  the  other  house,  by 
which  it  shall  likewise  be  reconsidered,  and  if  approved  by  two-thirds  of  that  house,  it 
shall  become  a  law.  But  in  all  such  cases  the  votes  of  both  houses  shall  be  determined 
by  yeas  and  nays,  and  the  names  of  the  persons  voting  for  and  against  the  bill  shall  be 
entered  on  the  journal  of  each  house  respectively.  If  any  bill  shall  not  be  returned  by 
the  President  within  ten  days  (Sunday  excepted),  after  it  shall  have  been  presented  to 
him,  the  same  shall  be  a  law,  in  like  manner  as  if  he  had  signed  it,  unless  the  Congress, 
by  their  adjournment,  prevent  its  return,  in  which  case  it  shall  not  be  a  law. 

Every  order,  resolution,  or  vote  to  which  the  concurrence  of  the  Senate  and  House 
of  Representatives  may  be  necessary  (except  on  a  question  of  adjournment),  shall  be  pre- 
sented to  the  President  of  the  United  States,  and  before  the  same  shall  take  effect  shall 
be  approved  by  him,  or,  lieing  disapproved  by  him.  shall  be  re-passed  by  two-thirds  of 
the  Senate  and  House  of  Representatives,  according  to  the  rules  and  limitations  prescribed 
in  the  case  of  a  bill. 

Sec.  8.   The  Congress  shall  have  power  — 

To  lay  and  collect  taxes,  duties,  imposts  and  excises,  to  pay  the  debts,  and  provide 
for  the  common  defense  and  general  welfare  of  the  United  States ;  but  all  duties,  imposts, 
and  excises  shall  be  uniform  throughout  the  United  States; 

To  borrow  money  on  the  credit  of  the  United  States ; 

To  regulate  commerce  with  foreign  nations,  and  among  the  several  States,  and  with 
the  Indian  tribes ; 

To  establish  a  uniform  rule  of  naturalization,  and  uniform  laws  on  the  subject  of 
bankruptcies  throughout  the  United  States  ; 

To  coin  money,  regulate  the  value  thereof,  and  of  foreign  coin,  and  fix  the  standard 
of  weights  and  meiisures  ; 

To  provide  for  the  punishment  of  counterfeiting  the  securities  and  current  coin  of 
the  United  States ; 

To  establish  post  oflices  and  post  roads  ; 

To  ])romote  the  progress  of  sciences  and  useful  arts,  by  securing,  for  limited  times, 
to  authors  and  inventors,  the  exclusive  rigiit  to  their  respective  writings  and  discoveries  ; 

To  constitute  tribunals  inferior  to  the  Supreme  (\)urt ; 

To  define  and  punisii  piracies  and  felonies  committed  on  the  high  seas,  and  offenses 
i^ainst  the  law  of  nations  ; 

To  declare  war,  grant  letters  of  marque  and  reprisal,  and  make  rules  concerning 
captures  on  land  and  water ; 


GENERAL  HISTORY   OF   ILLINOIS.  233 

To  raise  and  support  armies,  but  no  appropriation  of  money  to  that  use  shall  be  for  a 
longer  term  than  two  years ; 

To  provide  and  maintain  a  navy ; 

To  make  rules  for  the  government  and  regulation  of  the  land  and  naval  forces ; 
To  provide  for  calling  forth  the  militia  to  exercise  the  laws  of  the  Union,  suppress 
insurrections,  and  repel  invasions ; 

To  provide  for  organizing,  arming  and  disciplining  the  militia,  and  for  governing 
such  part  of  them  as  ma)'  be  employed  in  the  service  of  the  United  States,  reserving  to 
the  States  respectively  the  appointment  of  the  officers,  and  the  authority  of  training  the 
militia  according  to  the  discipline  prescribed  by  Congress  ; 

To  exercise  legislation  in  all  cases  whatsoever  over  such  district  (not  exceeding  ten 
miles  square)  as  may,  bj'  cession  of  particular  States,  and  the  acceptance  of  Congress, 
become  the  seat  of  the  Government  of  the  United  States,  and  to  exercise  like  authority 
over  all  places  purchased  by  the  consent  of  the  Legislature  of  the  State  in  which  the 
same  shall  be,  for  the  erection  of  forts,  magazines,  arsenals,  dock  yards,  and  other  needful 
buildings  ;  and 

To  make  all  laws  which  shall  be  necessary  and  proper  for  carrying  into  execution 
the  foregoing  powers,  and  all  other  powers  vested  by  this  Constitution  in  the  Govern- 
ment of  the  United  States,  or  in  any  department  or  officer  thereof. 

Sec.  9.  The  migration  or  importation  of  such  persons  as  any  of  the  States  now  ex- 
isting shall  think  proper  to  admit,  shall  not  be  prohibited  by  the  Congress  prior  to  the 
year  one  thousand  eight  hundred  and  eight,  but  a  tax  or  duty  may  be  imposed  on  such 
importation,  not  exceeding  ten  dollars  for  each  person. 

The  privilege  of  the  writ  of  habeas  corpus  shall  not  be  suspended,  unless  when  in 
cases  of  rebellion  or  invasion  the  public  safety  may  require  it. 
No  bill  of  attainder  or  ex  post  facto  law  shall  be  passed. 

No  capitation  or  other  direct  tax  shall  be  laid,  unless  in  proportion  to  the  census  or 
enumeration  hereinbefore  directed  to  be  taken. 

No  tax  or  duty  shall  be  laid  on  articles  exported  from  any  State. 
No  preference  shall  be  given  by  any  regulation  of  commerce  or  revenue  to  the  ports 
of  one  State  over  those  of  another ;    nor  shall  vessels  bound  to  or  from  one  State  be 
obliged  to  enter,  clear,  or  pay  duties  in  another. 

No  money  shall  be  drawn  from  the  Treasury,  but  in  consequence  of  appropriations 
made  by  law  ;  and  a  regular  statement  and  account  of  the  receipts  and  expenditures  of 
all  public  money  shall  be  published  from  time  to  time. 

No  title  of  nobility  shall  be  granted  by  the  United  States ;  and  no  person  holding 
any  office  of  profit  or  trust  under  them  shall,  without  the  consent  of  Congress,  accept 
of  any  ^jresent,  emolument,  office,  or  title  of  any  kind  whatever,  from  any  king,  prince, 
or  foreign  State. 

Sec.  10.  No  State  shall  enter  into  any  treaty,  alliance,  or  confederation  ;  grant 
letters  of  marque  and  reprisal ;  coin  money ;  emit  bills  of  credit ;  make  any  thing  but 
gold  and  silver  coin  a  tender  in  payment  of  debts  ;  pass  any  bill  of  attainder,  ex  post 
facto  law,  or  law  impairing  the  obligation  of  contracts,  or  grant  any  title  of  nobility. 

No  State  shall,  without  the  consent  of  the  Congress,  lay  any  imposts  or  duties  on 
imports  or  exports,  except  what  may  be  absolutely  necessary  for  executing  its  inspection 
laws,  and  the  net  produce  of  all  duties  and  imposts  laid  by  any  State  on  imports  or 
exports,  shall  be  for  the  use  of  the  Treasury  of  the  United  States ;  and  all  such  laws 
shall  be  subject  to  the  revision  and  control  of  the  Congress. 

No  State  shall,  without  the  consent  of  Congress,  lay  any  duty  on  tonnage,  keep  troops 
or  ships  of  war  in  time  of  peace,  enter  into  any  agreement  or  compact  with  another 
State,  or  with  a  foreign  power,  or  engage  in  war,  unless  actually  invaded,  or  in  such 
imminent  danger  as  will  not  admit  of  delay. 

i6 


234  OEXERAL   HISTORY   OF  ILLINOFS. 

Aeticle  II. 

Section  1.  The  Executive  power  shall  be  vested  in  a  President  of  the  United 
States  of  America.  He  shall  hold  his  office  during  the  term  of  four  j-ears,  and,  together 
with  the  Vice  President  chosen  for  the  same  term,  be  elected  as  follows : 

Each  State  shall  appoint,  in  such  manner  as  the  Legislature  thereof  may  direct,  a 
number  of  electors,  equal  to  the  whole  number  of  senators  and  representatives  to  which 
the  State  may  be  entitled  in  the  Congress  ;  but  no  senator  or  representative,  or  person 
holding  an  office  of  trust  or  profit  under  the  United  States,  shall  be  appointed  an  elector. 

[•The  Electors  shall  meet  in  their  respective  States  and  vote  by  ballot  for  two 
persons,  of  whom  one  at  least  shall  not  be  an  inhabitant  of  the  same  State  with  them- 
selves. And  they  shall  make  a  list  of  all  the  persons  voted  for,  and  of  the  number  of 
votes  for  each  ;  which  list  they  shall  sign  and  certify,  and  transmit,  sealed,  to  the  seat  of 
the  Government  of  the  United  States,  directed  to  the  President  of  the  Senate.  The 
President  of  the  Senate  shall,  in  the  presence  of  the  Senate  and  House  of  Representa- 
tives, open  all  the  certificates,  and  the  votes  shall  then  be  counted.  The  person  having 
the  greatest  number  of  votes  shall  be  the  President,  if  such  number  be  a  majority  of  the 
whole  number  of  electors  appointed ;  and  if  there  be  more  than  one  who  have  such  ma- 
jority, and  have  an  equal  number  of  votes,  then  the  House  of  Representatives  shall 
immediately  choose  by  ballot  one  of  them  for  President ;  and  if  no  person  have  a  ma- 
jority, then  from  the  five  highest  on  the  list  the  said  house  shall  in  like  manner  choose 
the  President.  But  in  choosing  the  President,  the  vote  shall  be  taken  by  States,  the 
representation  from  each  State  having  one  vote  ;  a  quorum  for  this  purpose  shall  consist 
of  a  member  or  members  from  two-thirds  of  the  States,  and  a  majority  of  all  the  States 
shall  be  necessary  to  a  choice.  In  every  case,  after  the  choice  of  the  President,  the 
person  having  the  greatest  number  of  votes  of  the  electors  shall  be  the  Vice  President. 
But  if  there  should  remain  two  or  more  who  have  equal  votes,  the  Senate  shall  choose 
from  tliem  by  ballot  the  Vice  President.] 

The  Congress  may  determine  the  time  of  choosing  the  electors,  and  the  da)-  on  which 
they  shall  give  their  votes ;  which  day  shall  be   the  same  throughout  the  United  States. 

No  person  except  a  natural  born  citizen,  or  a  citizen  of  the  United  States  at  the 
time  of  the  adoption  of  this  Constitution,  shall  be  eligible  to  the  office  of  President ; 
neither  shall  any  person  be  eligible  to  that  office  wlio  shall  not  have  attained  the  age  of 
thirty-five  year.<,  and  been  fourteen  years  a  resident  within  the  United  States. 

In  case  of  the  removal  of  the  President  from  office,  or  of  his  death,  resignation,  or 
inability  to  discharge  the  powers  and  duties  of  the  said  office,  the  same  shall  devolve  on 
the  Vice  President,  and  the  Congress  may  by  law  provide  for  the  case  of  removal,  death, 
resignation,  or  inability,  both  of  the  President  and  Vice  President,  declaring  what  officer 
shall  then  act  as  President,  and  such  officer  shall  act  accordingly,  until  the  disability  be 
removed  or  a  President  be  elected. 

The  President  shall,  at  stated  times,  receive  for  his  services  a  compensation  which 
shall  neither  be  increased  or  diminished  durim;  the  period  for  which  he  siiall  iuive  been 
elected,  and  he  shall  not  receive  within  that  period  any  other  emolument  from  the  United 
States  or  any  of  them. 

Before  he  enters  on  the  execution  of  his  office,  he  shall  take  the  following  oath  or 
affirmation  : 

'*  I  do  solemnly  swear  (or  affirm)  that  I  will  faithfully  execute  the  office  of  Presi- 
dent of  the  United  States,  and  will,  to  the  best  of  my  ai)ility,  preserve,  protect,  and 
defend  the  Constitution  of  the  United  States." 

Sec.  2.     The  President  shall  be  the  commander  in  chief  of  the  army  and  navy  of 
the  United  States,  and  of  the  militia  of  the  several  States,  wlien  called  into  the  actual 
*Thi>  cUuse  between  brackets  lias  been  sufiencded  and  annulled  by  the  Twcllth  Amendment. 


GENERAL   HISTORY   OF   TLLINOIS.  235 

service  of  the  United  States ;  he  may  require  the  opinion,  in  writing,  of  the  principal 
officer  in  each  of  the  executive  departments  upon  any  subject  relating  to  the  duties  of 
their  respective  offices,  and  he  shall  have  power  to  grant  reprieves  and  pardon  for 
offenses  against  the  United  States,  except  in  cases  of  impeachment. 

He  shall  have  power,  by  and  with  the  advice  and  consent  of  the  Senate,  to  make 
treaties,  provided  two-thirds  of  the  Senators  present  concur ;  and  he  shall  nominate,  and 
by  and  with  the  advice  of  the  Senate,  shall  appoint  ambassadors,  other  public  ministers 
and  consuls,  judges  of  the  Supreme  Court,  and  all  other  officers  of  the  United  States 
whose  appointments  are  not  herein  otherwise  provided  for,  and  which  shall  be  established 
by  law  ;  but  the  Congress  may  by  law  vest  the  appointment  of  such  inferior  officers  as 
they  think  proper  in  the  President  alone,  in  the  courts  of  law,  or  in  the  heads  of  de- 
partments. 

The  President  shall  have  power  to  fill  up  all  vacancies  that  may  happen  during  the 
recess  of  the  Senate,  by  granting  commissions  which  shall  expire  at  the  end  of  their  next 
session. 

Sec.  3.  He  shall  from  time  to  time  give  to  the  Congress  information  of  the  state  of 
the  Union,  and  recommend  to  their  consideration  such  measures  as  he  shall  judge  neces- 
sary and  expedient ;  he  may  on  extraordinary  occasions  convene  both  houses,  or  either 
of  them,  and  in  case  of  disagreement  between  them,  with  respect  to  the  time  of  adjourn- 
ment, he  may  adjourn  them  to  such  a  time  as  he  shall  think  proper  ;  he  shall  receive 
ambassadors  and  other  public  ministers  ;  lie  shall  take  care  that  the  laws  be  faithfully 
executed,  and  shall  commission  all  the  officers  of  the  United  States. 

Sec.  4.  The  President,  Vice-President,  and  all  the  civil  officers  of  the  United 
States,  shall  be  removed  from  office  on  impeachment  for,  and  conviction  of,  treason, 
briber}',  or  other  high  crimes  and  misdemeanors. 

Article  IH. 

Section  1.  The  judicial  power  of  the  United  States  shall  be  vested  in  one  Supreme 
Court,  and  such  inferior  courts  as  the  Congress  may  from  time  to  time  ordain  and  estab- 
lish. The  Judges,  both  of  the  Supreme  and  inferior  courts,  shall  hold  their  offices  dur- 
ing good  behavior,  and  shall,  at  stated  times,  receive  for  their  services  a  compensation, 
which  shall  not  be  diminished  during  their  continuance  in  office. 

Sec.  2.  The  judicial  power  shall  extend  to  all  cases,  in  law  and  equity,  arising 
under  this  Constitution,  the  laws  of  the  Unite<l  States,  and  treaties,  made,  or  which  shall 
be  made,  under  tlieir  authority  ;  to  all  cases  aifec ting  ambassadors,  other  public  ministers, 
and  consuls ;  to  all  cases  of  admiralty  and  maritime  jurisdiction;  to  controversies  to 
which  the  United  States  shall  be  a  party  ;  to  controversies  between  two  or  more  States; 
between  a  State  and  citizens  of  another  State  ;  between  citizens  of  different  States  ;  be- 
tween citizens  of  the  same  State  claiming  lands  under  grants  of  different  States,  and 
between  a  state  or  the  citizens  thereof,  and  foreign  St.ites,  citizens,  or  subjects. 

In  all  cases  affecting  ambassadors,  other  public  ministers  and  consuls,  and  those  in 
which  a  state  shall  be  a  party,  the  Supreme  Court  shall  have  original  jurisdiction. 

In  all  the  other  cases  before  mentioned,  the  Supreme  Court  shall  have  appellate 
jurisdiction,  both  as  to  law  and  fact,  with  such  exceptions  and  under  such  regulations  as 
the  Congress  shall  iiiake. 

The  trial  of  all  crimes,  except  in  cases  of  impeachment,  shall  be  b}'  jury  ;  and  such 
trial  shall  be  held  in  the  State  where  the  said  crimes  shall  have  been  committed  ;  but 
when  not  committed  within  any  State,  the  trial  shall  be  at  such  place  or  places  as  the 
Congress  may  by  law  have  directed. 

Sec.  3.  Treason  against  the  United  States  shall  consist  only  in  levying  war  against 
them,  or  in  adhering  to  their  enemies,  giving  them  aid  and  comfort.     No  person  shall  be 


236  GENERAL   HISTOKY  OF  ILLINOIS. 

convicted  of  treason  unless  on  the  testimony  of  two  witnesses  to  the  same  overt  act,  or 
on  confession  in  open  court. 

The  Congress  shall  have  power  to  declare  the  punishment  of  treason,  but  no  attain- 
der of  treason  shall  work  corruption  of  blood,  or  forfeiture,  except  during  the  life  of  the 
person  attained. 

Article  IV. 

Section  I.  Full  faith  and  credit  shall  be  given  in  each  State  to  the  public  acts, 
records,  and  judicial  proceedings  of  everj'  other  State.  And  the  Congress  may,  by  gen- 
eral laws,  prescribe  tlie  manner  in  which  such  acts,  records,  and  proceedings  shall  be 
proved,  and  the  effect  thereof. 

Sec.  2.  The  citizens  of  each  State  shall  be  entitled  to  all  privileges  and  immunities 
of  citizens  in  the  several  States. 

A  person  charged  in  any  State  with  treason,  felony,  or  other  crime,  who  shall  flee 
from  justice  and  be  found  in  another  State,  shall,  on  demand  of  the  executive  authority 
of  the  state  from  which  he  fled,  be  delivered  up,  to  be  removed  to  the  State  having  juris- 
diction of  the  crime. 

No  person  held  to  service  or  labor  in  one  State,  under  the  laws  thereof  escaping  into 
another,  shall,  in  consequence  of  any  law,  or  regulation  therein,  be  discharged  from  such 
service  or  labor,  but  shall  be  delivered  up  on  the  claim  of  the  party  to  whom  such  service 
or  labor  may  be  due. 

Sec  3.  New  States  may  be  admitted  by  the  Congress  into  this  Union  ;  but  no  new 
State  shall  be  formed  or  erected  within  the  jurisdiction  of  any  other  State  ;  nor  any  State 
be  formed  by  the  junction  of  two  oi  more  States,  or  parts  of  States,  without  the  consent 
of  tlie  Legislatures  of  tlie  States  concerned,  as  well  as  of  the  Congress. 

The  Congress  shall  have  power  to  dispose  of  and  make  all  needful  rules  and  regu- 
lations respecting  the  territory  or  other  property  belonging  to  the  United  States ;  and 
nothing  in  this  constitution  shall  be  so  construed  as  to  prejudice  any  claims  of  the  United 
States  or  of  any  particular  State. 

Sec.  4.  The  United  States  shall  guarantee  to  every  State  in  this  Union  a  republi- 
can form  of  government,  and  shall  protect  each  of  them  against  invasion,  and  on  appli- 
cation of  the  Legislature,  or  of  the  Executive  (when  the  Legislature  can  not  be  convened), 
against  domestic  violence. 

Article  V. 

The  Congress,  whenever  two-thirds  of  both  houses  shall  deem  it  necessary,  shall 
propose  amendments  to  this  Constitution,  or,  on  the  application  of  the  Legislatures  of  two- 
thirds  of  the  several  States,  shall  call  a  convention  for  proposing  amendments,  which,  in 
either  case,  shall  he  valid  to  all  intents  and  purposes  as  part  of  this  Constitution,  when 
ratified  by  the  Legislatures  of  three-fourths  of  the  several  States,  or  by  conventions  in 
three-fourths  tlicreof,  as  tlie  one  or  the  other  mode  of  ratification  may  be  proposed  by  the 
Congress.  Provided  that  no  amendment  which  may  be  made  prior  to  the  year  one  thou- 
sand eight  hundred  and  eiglit  shall  in  any  niaiiiier  affect  the  first  or  fourth  clauses  in  the 
ninth  section  of  the  first  article  ;  and  that  no  State,  without  its  consent,  shall  be  deprived 
of  its  eijual  suffrage  in  the  Senate. 

Article  VL 

All  debts  contracted  and  engagements  entered  into  before  the  adoption  of  this  Con- 
stitution shall  be  as  valid  against  the  United  States  under  this  Constitution  as  under  the 
Confederation. 

This  Constitution,  and  the  laws  of  the  United  Slates  which  shall  be  made  in  pur- 
suance tiiereof,  and  all  treaties  made,  or  which  shall  be  made,  under  the  authority  of  the 
United  States,  shall  be  the  supreme  law  of  the  land  ;   and  the  Judges  in  every  State 


GENERAL    HISTORY   OF   ILUNOIS. 


237 


shall  be  bound  thereby,  anything  in  the  Constitution  or  laws  of  any  State  to  tlie  contrary 
notwithstanding. 

The  Senators  and  Representatives  before  mentioned,  and  the  members  of  the  several 
State  Legislatures,  and  all  executive  and  judicial  officers,  both  of  the  United  States  and 
of  the  several  States,  shall  be  bound  by  oath  or  affirmation  to  support  this  Constitution  ; 
but  no  religious  test  shall  ever  be  required  as  a  qualification  to  any  office  or  public  trust 
under  the  United  States. 

Article  VII. 

The  ratification  of  the  Conventions  of  nine  States  shall  be  sufficient  for  the  establish- 
ment of  this  Convention  between  the  States  so  ratifying  the  same. 
Done  in  convention  by  the  unanimous  consent  of  the  States  present,  the  seventeenth  day 

of  September,  in  the  year  of  our  Lord  one  thousand  seven  hundred  and  eighty-seven, 

and  of  the  independence  of  the  United   States  of  America  the  twelfth.     In  witness 

whereof  we  have  hereunto  subscribed  our  names. 

GEO.  WASHINGTON, 

President  and  Deputy  from   Virginia. 


New  Hampshire. 
John  Langdon, 
Nicholas  Oilman. 

Massachusetts. 
Nathaniel  Gorham, 
Rufus  King. 

Connecticut. 
Wm.  Sam'l  Johnson, 
Roger  Sherman. 

New  York. 
Alexander  Hamilton. 

New  Jersey. 
Wil.  Livingston, 
Wm.  Paterson, 
David  Brearley, 
Jona.  Dayton. 

Pennsylvania. 
B.  Franklin, 
Robt.  Morris, 
Thos.  Fitzsimons, 
James  Wilson, 
Thos.  Mifflin, 
Geo.  Clymer, 
Jared  Ingersol, 
Gouv.  Morris. 


Delaware. 
Geo.  Read, 
John  Dickinson, 
Jaco.  Broom, 
Gunning  Bedford,  Jr., 
Richard  Bassett. 

Maryland. 
James  M'Henry, 
Danl.  Carroll, 
Dan.  of  St.  Thos.  Jenifer. 

Virginia. 
John  Blair, 
James  Madison,  Jr. 

North   Carolina. 
Wm.  Blount, 
Hu.  Williamson, 
Rich'd  Dobbs  Spaight. 

South  Carolina. 

J.  Rutledge, 

Charles  Pinckney, 

Chas.  Cotesworth  Pinckney, 

Pierce  Butler. 

Georgia. 
William  Few, 
Abr.  Baldwin. 


WILLIAM  JACKSON,  Secretary. 


238  gener.m.  history  of  illinois. 

Articlj:s  in  Addition  to  and  Amendatory  of  the  Constitction  of  the  United 

States  of  America. 

Propoted  by  Congreu  and  ratified  by  the  Legidature  of  the  several  States,  purtuant  to  the 

fifth  article  of  the  original  Constitution. 

Article  I. 

Congress  shall  make  no  law  respecting  an  establishment  of  religion,  or  pro- 
hibiting the  free  exercise  thereof,  or  abridging  the  freedom  of  speech,  or  of  the  press  ; 
or  the  right  of  the  people  peaceably  to  assemble,  and  to  petition  the  Govtrnment  for  a 
redress  of  grievances. 

Article  II. 

A  well  regulated  militia  being  necessary  to  the  security  of  a  free  State,  the  right  of 
the  people  to  keep  and  bear  arms  shall  not  be  infringed. 

Article  III. 

No  soldier  shall,  in  time  of  peace,  be  quartered  in  any  house  without  the  consent  of 
the  owner,  nor  in  time  of  war  but  in  a  manner  to  be  prescribed  by  law. 

Article  IV. 

The  right  of  the  people  to  be  secure  in  their  persons,  houses,  papers,  and  effects 
against  unreasonable  searches  and  seizures,  shall  not  be  violated  ;  and  no  warrants  shall 
issue  but  upon  probable  cause,  supported  by  oath  or  afiBrmation,  and  particularly  describ- 
ing the  place  to  be  searched  and  the  persons  or  things  to  be  seized. 

Article  V. 

No  person  shall  be  held  to  answer  for  a  capital  or  otherwise  infamous  crime,  unless 
on  a  presentment  or  indictment  of  a  grand  jury,  except  in  c.ises  arising  in  the  land  or 
naval  forces,  or  in  the  militia  when  in  actual  service  in  time  of  w!\r  or  public  danger ; 
nor  shall  any  person  be  subject  for  the  same  offense  to  be  twice  put  in  jeopardy  of  life  or 
limb  ;  nor  shall  be  compelled  in  any  criminal  case  to  be  a  witness  against  himself,  nor  be 
deprived  of  life,  liberty,  or  property,  without  due  process  of  law ;  nor  shall  private 
property  be  taken  for  public  use,  without  just  compensation. 

Article  VI. 

In  all  criminal  prosecutions,  the  accused  shall  enjoy  the  right  to  a  speedy  and  pub- 
lic trial,  by  an  impartial  jury  of  the  SUite  and  district  wherein  the  crime  shall  have  been 
committed,  which  district  shall  have  been  previously  ascertained  by  law,  and  to  be  in- 
formed of  the  nature  and  cause  of  the  accusation  ;  to  be  confronted  with  the  witnesses 
against  him  ;  to  have  compulsory  process  for  obtaining  witnesses  in  his  favor ;  and  to 
have  the  assistance  of  counsel  for  his  defense. 

Article  VII. 

In  suits  at  common  law,  where  the  value  in  controversy  shall  exceed  twenty  dollars, 
the  right  of  trial  by  jury  shall  lie  preserved,  and  no  fact  tried  by  a  jury  shall  be 
otherwise  re-examined  in  any  court  of  the  United  States  than  according  to  the  rules  of 
the  common  law. 

Article  VIII. 

Excessive  bail  shall  not  be  required,  nor  excessive  fines  impcxoil,  nur  ci  ni'l  und  un- 
usual punishment*  inflicted. 


GENERAL   HISTORY   OF   ILLINOIS.  239 

Article  IX. 

The  emuneration,  in  the  Constitution,  of  certain  rights,  shall  not  be  construed  to 
deny  or  disparage  others  retained  by  the  people. 

Article  X. 

The  powers  not  delegated  to  the  United  States  by  the  Constitution,  nor  prohibited 
by  it  to  the  States,  are  reserved  to  the  States  respectively,  or  to  the  people. 

Article  XL 

The  judicial  power  of  the  United  States  shall  not  be  construed  to  extend  to  any  suit 
in  law  or  equity  commenced  or  prosecuted  against  one  of  the  United  States  by  citizens  of 
another  State,  or  by  citizens  or  subjects  of  any  foreign  State. 

Article  XII. 

The  electors  shall  meet  in  their  respective  States  and  vote  by  ballot  for  president 
and  vice-president,  one  of  whom,  at  least,  shall  not  be  an  inhabitant  of  the  same  State 
with  themselves ;  they  shall  name  in  their  ballots  the  person  to  be  voted  for  as  president, 
and  in  distinct  ballots  the  person  voted  for  as  vice-president,  and  they  shall  make  dis- 
tinct lists  of  all  persons  voted  for  as  president,  and  of  all  persons  voted  for  as  vice-president, 
and  of  the  number  of  votes  for  each,  which  list  they  shall  sign  and  certify,  and  transmit 
sealed  to  the  seat  of  the  government  of  the  United  States,  directed  to  the  President  of 
the  Senate.  The  President  of  the  Senate  shall,  in  presence  of  the  Senate  and  House  of 
Representatives,  open  all  the  certificates,  and  the  votes  shall  then  be  counted.  The 
person  having  the  greatest  number  of  votes  for  president  shall  be  the  president,  if  such 
number  be  a  majority  of  the  whole  number  of  electors  appointed,  and  if  no  person  have 
such  majority,  then  from  the  persons  having  the  highest  number,  not  exceeding  three  on 
the  list  of  those  voted  for  as  president,  the  House  of  Representatives  shall  choose  imme- 
diately, by  ballot,  the  president.  But  in  choosing  the  president,  the  votes  shall  be  taken 
by  States,  the  representation  from  each  State  having  one  vote ;  a  quorum  for  this  purpose 
shall  consist  of  a  member  or  members  from  two-thirds  of  the  States,  and  a  majorit}^  of  all 
the  States  shall  be  necessary  to  a  choice.  And  if  the  House  of  Representatives  shall  not 
choose  a  president  whenever  the  riglit  of  choice  shall  devolve  upon  them,  before  the 
fourth  day  of  March  next  following,  then  the  vice-president  shall  act  as  president,  as  in 
the  case  of  the  death  or  other  constitutional  disability  of  the  president.  The  person 
having  the  greatest  number  of  votes  as  vice-president,  shall  be  the  vice-president,  if  such 
number  be  the  majority  of  the  whole  number  of  electors  appointed,  and  if  no  person  have 
a  majority,  then  from  the  two  highest  numbers  on  the  list,  the  Senate  shall  choose  the 
vice-president;  a  quorum  for  the  purpose  shall  consist  of  two-thirds  of  the  whole  number 
of  Senators,  and  a  majority  of  the  whole  number  shall  be  necessary  to  a  choice.  But  no 
person  constitutionally  ineligible  to  the  office  of  president  shall  be  eligible  to  that  of 
vice-president  of  the  United  States. 

Article   XIII. 

Section  1.  Neither  slavery  nor  involuntary  servitude,  except  as  a  punishment  for 
crime,  whereof  the  party  shall  have  been  duly  convicted,  shall  exist  within  the  United 
States,  or  any  place  subject  to  their  jurisdiction. 

Sec.  2.     Congress  shall  have  power  to  enforce  this  article  by  appropriate  legislation. 

Article  XIV. 

Section  1.  All  persons  born  or  naturalized  in  the  United  States  and  subject  to  the 
jurisdiction  thereof,  are  citizens  of  the  United  States,  and  of  the  State  wherein  they  re- 


240  '  GENERAL   HISTORY   OF   ILLINOIS. 

side.  No  State  shall  make  or  enfore  any  law  which  shall  abridge  the  privileges  or  im- 
munities of  citizens  of  the  United  States  ;  nor  shall  any  State  deprive  any  person  of  life, 
liberty,  or  property,  without  due  process  of  law,  nor  den}'  any  person  within  its  jurisdic- 
tion the  equal  protection  of  the  laws. 

Sec.  2.  Representatives  shall  be  appointed  among  the  several  States  according  to 
their  respective  numbers,  counting  the  whole  number  of  persons  in  each  State,  excluding 
Indians  not  taxed ;  but  when  the  right  to  vote  at  any  election  for  the  choice  of  Electors 
for  President  and  Vice-President  of  the  United  States,  Representatives  in  Congress,  the 
executive  and  judicial  officers  of  a  State,  or  the  members  of  the  Legislature  thereof,  is 
denied  to  au\'  of  the  male  inhabitants  of  such  state,  being  twenty-one  years  of  age  and 
citizens  of  the  United  States,  or  in  any  way  abridged  except  for  participation  in  rebellion 
or  other  crimes,  the  basis  of  representation  therein  shall  be  reduced  in  the  proportion 
which  the  number  of  such  male  citizens  shall  bear  to  the  whole  number  of  male  citizens 
twenty-one  years  of  age  in  such  State. 

Sec.  3.  No  person  shall  be  a  Senator  or  Representative  in  Congress,  or  Elector  of 
President  and  Vice-President,  or  hold  any  office,  civil  or  military,  under  the  United 
States,  or  under  any  State,  who,  having  previously  taken  an  oath  as  a  Member  of  Con- 
gress, or  as  an  officer  of  the  United  States,  or  as  a  member  of  any  State  Legislature,  or 
as  an  executive  or  judicial  officer  of  an}-  State  to  support  the  Constitution  of  the  United 
States,  shall  have  engaged  in  insurrection  or  rebellion  against  the  same,  or  given  aid  or 
comfort  to  the  enemies  thereof.  But  Congress  may,  by  a  vote  of  two-thirds  of  each 
house,  remove  such  disability. 

Sec.  4.  The  validity  of  the  public  debt  of  the  United  States  authorized  by  law,  in- 
cluding debts  incurred  for  payment  of  pensions  and  bounties  for  services  in  suppressing 
insurrection  or  rebellion,  shall  not  be  questioned.  But  neither  the  United  States  nor 
any  State  shall  pay  any  debt  or  obligation  incurred  in  the  aid  of  insurrection  or  rebellion 
against  the  United  States,  or  any  loss  or  emancipation  of  any  slave,  but  such  debts,  obli- 
gations, and  claims  shall  be  held  illegal  and  void. 

Sec.  5.  Congress  shall  have  power  to  enforce,  by  appropriate  legislation,  the 
provisions  of  this  act. 

Article  XV. 

Section  1.  The  right  of  citizens  of  the  United  States  to  vote  shall  not  be  denied 
or  abridged  by  the  United  States,  or  by  any  State,  on  account  of  race,  color,  or  previous 
condition  of  servitude. 

Sec.  2.     Congress  shall  have  power  to  enforce  this  article  by  appropriate  legislation. 


GENERAL   HISTORY   OF   ILLINOIS.  241 

ABSTRACT    OF    LAWS    OF    ILLINOIS. 

(Prepared  by  John  Muckle,  attorney-at-law,  Peoria.) 

BILLS   OP  EXCHANGE. 

A  bill  of  exchange  is  a  written  order  to  pay,  usually  in  the  following  form  : 

$l,OOO.i''o''o  Peoria,  HI.,  Jan'y  1,  1880. 

Thirty  days  after  sight  pay  to  the  order  of  A.  B.,  one  thousand  dollars,  value 
received,  and  charge  to  account  of  C  D. 

To  Fourth  National  Bank,  New  York  City. 

Foreign  bills  are  frequently  drawn  in  sets  of  three.  In  that  case  one  of  the  set  is 
written,  "  pay  this  first  of  exchange,  second  and  third  unpaid  ";  another  is  written,  "  pay 
this  second  of  exchange,  first  and  third  unpaid,"  and  the  other  is  written,  "  pay  this  third 
of  exchange,  first  and  second  unpaid."  The  bills  are  then  sent  out  by  different  routes. 
The  acceptance  or  payment  of  any  one  of  the  set  stops  payment  on  the  balance. 

The  bills  should  be  jDresented  promptly  to  the  drawer  for  acceptance.  If  he  accepts 
he  should  write  across  the  face  of  the  bill  the  date  of  acceptance,  the  word  "  accepted," 
and  under  that  his  signature.  By  accepting  the  drawee  becomes  bound  to  pay  the  bill ; 
but  if  he  refuses  to  accept  or  fails  to  pay  after  having  accepted,  the  drawer  will  be 
obliged  to  pay  it  himself.  The  payee  may  transfer  the  bill  by  writing  his  name  across 
the  back  of  it,  and  having  done  so  he  will  be  bound  to  pay  the  bill,  unless  the  drawer  or 
acceptor  pays  it,  or  he  limits  his  liability  in  the  endorsement. 

Whenever  a  bill  of  exchange,  drawn  or  endorsed  within  this  State  and  payable  in  a 
foreign  country,  is  duly  protested  for  non-payment  or  non-acceptance,  the  drawer  or 
indorser  must  pay  it  and  legal  interest  thereon  from  the  time  the  bill  ought  to  have  been 
paid,  and  ten  per  cent,  damages  in  addition,  together  with  the  costs  and  charges  of 
protest.  If  a  bill  of  exchange  drawn  upon  any  person  out  of  this  State  and  within  the 
United  States  is  protested  for  non-payment  or  non-acceptance,  the  drawer  or  indorser 
must  pay  it,  with  legal  interest  from  the  time  it  ought  to  have  been  paid,  and  costs  and 
charges  of  protest  and  five  per  cent,  damages  in  addition,  if  suit  has  to  be  brought  on  it. 

PROMISSORY    NOTES. 

Promissory  notes  are  usually  drawn  in  the  following  form  : 

$500i0o''o  Peoria,  111.,  Jan'y  1st,  1880. 

Four  months  after  date  I  promise  to  pay  to  the  order  of  C.  D.  five  hundred 
dollars,  with  interest,  at  the  rate  of  eight  per  cent,  per  annum,  at  the  Second  National 
Bank,  Peoria,  111.,  value  received.  A.  B. 

The  promise  may  be  to  pay  money  or  some  article  of  personal  property.  Notes, 
made  payable  to  any  person  named  as  payee  therein,  may  be  assigned,  by  the  payee  writ- 
ing his  name  across  the  back,  so  as  to  vest  the  property  thereof  absolutely  in  the  assignee, 
and  to  enable  the  assignee  to  sue  on  the  note  in  his  own  name  ;  and  the  maker  of  the 
note  is  not  allowed  to  allege  payment  to  the  paj^ee,  made  after  notice  of  assignment,  as  a 
defense  against  the  assignee.  Every  assignor  is  liable  to  the  assignee  of  such  a  note,  if 
the  assignee  has  used  due  diligence,  by  the  institution  and  prosecution  of  a  suit  against 
the  maker  thereof,  for  the  recovery  of  the  amount  due  thereon  ;  but  if  such  a  suit  would 
have  been  unavailing,  or  the  maker  had  absconded  or  resided  without  or  had  left  the 
State,  when  the  note  became  due,  the  assignee  may  recover  against  the  assignor,  with- 
out first  suing  the  maker  of  the  note.     A  note,  payable  to  bearer,  may  be  transferred  by 


242  GENEItAL   UlSTOKY    OF   ILLINOIS. 

delivery,  and  an  action  may  be  maintained  in  the  name  of  the  holder  of  it ;  and  if  any 
one  endorses  such  a  note  he  will  be  held  as  a  guarantor  of  payment,  unless  it  is  stated 
otherwise  in  the  indorsement.  When  sued  on  a  note,  the  defendant  may  show  that 
there  was  no  consideration  for  the  note,  or  that  the  consideration  has  wholly  or  partially 
failed,  unless  the  suit  is  brought  by  a  bo)ia  fide  assignee,  who  obtained  the  note  before 
it  became  due.  The  maker  of  a  note  may  set  up  in  defense  to  any  action  on  it  that 
fraud  and  circumvention  were  used  in  obtaining  the  making  or  executing  of  it.  If  a 
note  is  endorsed  after  it  falls  due,  the  maker  may  set  up  in  defense  of  an  action  on  it  by 
the  endorser,  any  defenses  that  he  could  maintain,  if  the  suit  were  brought  by  the  payee, 
or  anj'  intermediate  holder.  If  the  note  was  transferred  by  delivery  after  it  became  due, 
the  maker  may  set-off  lo  the  amount  of  the  plaintiff's  debt  any  demand  existing  in  his 
favor  iigainst  an}'  person  or  persons  who  assigned  or  transferred  the  note  after  it  became 
due,  if  the  demand  could  have  been  set-off  against  the  assignor  wliile  the  note  belonged 
to  him.  Notes  and  bills  are  entitled  to  days  of  grace,  unless  paj-able  on  sight,  on  de- 
mand, or  on  presentment.  If  a  note  or  bill  falls  due  on  a  regular  holiday  it  is  deemed 
as  having  matured  on  the  day  previous,  or,  if  two  holidays  come  together,  on  the  day 
previous  to  the  first  of  such  days. 

INTEREST. 

The  statute  allows  interest  at  the  rate  of  six  per  cent,  per  annum  upon  the  loan  or 
forbearance  of  any  money,  goods  or  thing  in  action,  on  judgments  ;  on  all  moneys  that 
may  become  due  on  any  bond,  bill,  note  or  other  instrument  in  writing;  on  money  lent, 
or  advanced  for  the  use  of  another ;  on  the  balance  due  on  account,  after  it  is  ascertained 
between  the  parties ;  on  money  received  to  the  use  of  another,  and  retained  without  the 
owner's  knowledge  ;  on  money  withiield  by  an  unreasonable  and  vexatious  delay  of 
payment.  In  written  contracts,  tlie  parties  may  agree  on  any  rate  of  interest  not  ex- 
ceeding eight  per  cent.  Whoever  contracts  to  receive  more  than  eight  per  cent,  interest, 
forfeits  the  whole  of  the  interest;  but  no  corporation  is  allowed  to  interpose  the  defense 
of  usury. 

In  computations  of  time,  and  of  interest  and  of  discounts,  a  month  means  a  calen- 
der month,  a  year  consists  of  twelve  calendar  months,  and  in  allowing  for  any  number 
of  days  less  than  a  month,  each  day  is  considered  the  thirtieth  part  of  a  month. 

TAXES. 

All  taxable  real  estate  should  be  assessed  at  its  fair  cash  value  between  the  1st  day 
of  May  and  the  1st  day  of  July,  1880,  and  every  four  years  thereafter;  and  during  the 
same  period  of  other  years  the  Assessor  should  report  to  the  County  Clerk  the  value  of 
improvements  made  or  destroyed  on  the  lauds  assessed. 

All  taxable  personal  property  should  be  assessed  between  the  1st  day  of  May  and 
the  1st  day  of  July  of  every  year. 

The  Town  Hoard  meets  on  the  fourtli  Monday  of  June,  1880,  and  every  four  years 
thereafter,  to  review  and  correct  the  assessments  of  real  property  in  tlic  town  ;  and  on 
the  second  Monday  of  June,  in  other  years,  to  liear  and  pass  upon  comj)laints  in  reference 
to  the  assessment  of  real  estate  ;  and  on  the  fourth  Monday  of  June  in  everj'  year  to 
review  and  correct  the  assessments  of  personal  property,  and  improvements  made  or  de- 
stroyed on  real  property. 

The  County  Hoard  meets  annually  on  the  second  Monday  of  July  to  equalize  the 
assessments  between  the  towns  of  the  county,  to  review  the  assessments  an<l  make  such 
corrections  as  are  just,  and  to  assess  lands  listed  which  have  not  already  been  as- 
sessed. 

The  collectors'  books  are  placed  in  the  hands  of  the  town  and  district  collectors 
about  the  1st  of  December  in  eacli  year.     They  have  until  the  10th  day  of  March  follow- 


GE]^ERAL  HISTORY   OF   ILLINOIS.  243 

ing  to  collect  taxes ;  and  on  or  before  that  day  they  should  return  their  books  to  the 
County  Clerk  and  make  final  settlement.  All  taxes  due  and  unpaid  on  real  estate  when 
they  make  their  final  settlement  or  on  the  10th  of  March,  annually,  are  deemed  delin- 
quent and  bear  interest  after  the  1st  day  of  May  at  the  rate  of  one  per  cent,  per  month 
until  paid  or  forfeited. 

Personal  property  may  be  distrained  and  sold  for  the  payment  of  the  taxes  on  either 
personal  or  real  estate  ;  and  the  tax  on  personal  property  may  be  charged  against  real 
property  in  cases  of  removals  or  when  the  tax  can  not  be  made  out  of  the  personal 
property. 

Taxes  assessed  on  real  property  are  a  lien  thereon  from  the  1st  day  of  May  in  the 
year  in  which  they  are  levied  until  the}'  are  paid.  The  owner  of  property  on  the  1st  day 
of  May  is  liable  for  the  taxes  of  that  year. 

The  taxes  may  be  paid  on  part  of  any  lot,  piece  or  parcel  of  land  charged  with  taxes, 
or  on  an  undivided  share  of  real  estate. 

The  County  Collector  should  give  three  weeks'  notice  by  publication  in  some  news- 
paper published  in  the  county,  that  he  will  apply  to  the  County  Court,  at  the  May  term 
thereof,  for  judgment  for  sale  of  delinquent  lands  ;  and,  also,  at  what  time  he  will  offer 
for  sale  the  lands,  for  the  sale  of  which  an  order  may  be  made  by  the  County  Court. 
Where  application  is  made  for  judgment,  any  one  interested  may  appear  and  offer  any 
objections  he  may  have  why  judgment  should  not  be  rendered,  for  the  delinquent  taxes, 
against  any  tract  of  land.  And  an  appeal  may  be  taken  from  the  judgment  of  the  County 
Court  to  the  Supreme  Court. 

The  taxes  and  accrued  costs  may  be  paid  at  any  time  after  judgment  before  sale. 
The  Collector  should  proceed  on  the  day  specified  in  his  notice  to  sell  the  lands  on  which 
the  taxes  have  not  been  paid.  Everj'  tract  for  which  there  is  no  bidder  is  forfeited  to  the 
State.  In  making  up  the  tax  due  on  forfeited  lands  the  clerk,  since  July  1st,  1879,  adds 
to  the  tax  of  the  current  year  the  back  tax,  interest,  penalt}-  and  printers'  fees  remaining 
due,  and  one  year's  interest  at  ten  per  cent,  on  taxes  forfeited  prior  to  that  date,  and 
twenty-five  per  cent,  on  taxes  forfeited  after  that  date.  Lands  forfeited  to  the  State  may 
be  redeemed  or  purchased. 

Lands  sold  for  taxes  may  be  redeemed,  before  the  expiration  of  two  years  from  the 
date  of  sale,  by  paying  to  the  County  Clerk  the  amount  for  which  the  same  were  sold, 
and  twenty-five  per  cent,  thereon,  if  redeemed  within  six  months  from  the  date  of  sale ; 
if  between  six  and  twelve  months,  fifty  per  cent. ;  if  between  twelve  and  eighteen 
months,  seventy-five  per  cent. ;  and  if  between  eighteen  months  and  two  years,  one  hun- 
dred per  cent. 

At  any  time  after  the  expiration  of  two  years  from  the  date  of  sale,  for  taxes,  if  the 
lands  have  not  been  redeemed,  the  purchaser,  his  heirs  or  assigns,  having  complied  with 
the  provisions  of  the  statute  governing  such  cases,  will  be  entitled  to  a  deed  of  con- 
veyance. 

EXEMPTIONS   FROM   FORCED   SALE. 

Every  householder  having  a  family  is  entitled  to  an  estate  of  homestead  to  the  value 
of  $1,000  in  the  farm,  or  lot  of  laud  and  buildings  thereon,  owned  or  rightly  possessed 
by  lease  or  otherwise,  and  occupied  by  him  as  a  residence  ;  and  this  homestead  is  exempt 
from  forced  sale,  except  for  the  payment  of  taxes  or  assessments,  or  for  a  liability  incurred 
for  the  purchase  or  improvement  thereof.  If  the  owner  sells  his  homestead,  the  proceeds 
of  the  sale,  to  the  extent  of  $1,000,  are  also  exempt ;  and  the  sale  would  not  subject  the 
premises  to  any  lien  or  incumbrance  to  which  they  would  not  have  been  subject  in  the 
hands  of  the  owner.  If  the  building,  occupied  as  a  homestead,  is  insured  for  the  debtor's 
benefit,  and  burns  down,  the  insurance  money  is  exempt  to  the  same  extent  that  the 
building   was.     After  the  death  of  the   householder  the  exemption  continues  for  the 


244  GENERAL   IIISTOHV   OF    ILLINOIS. 

benefit  of  the  husband  or  wife  surviving,  ind  of  the  children,  until  the  j'oungest  is  twenty- 
one  years  of  age.  If  husband  or  wife  deserts  the  family,  the  exemption  continues  for  the 
benefitof  the  one  remaining.  The  following  articles  of  j)ersonal  property,  owned  by  the 
debtor,  are  also  exempt  from  execution,  writ  of  attachment,  and  distress  for  rent :  Wearing 
apparel,  bibles,  school  books  and  family  pictures  of  every  person,  one  hundred  dollars'  worth 
of  other  property  to  be  selected  by  the  debtor,  and  in  addition,  when  the  debtor  is  the  head 
of  a  family  and  resides  with  it,  three  hundred  dollars'  worth  of  other  property  to  be  se- 
lected by  him  ;  but  the  selection  can  not  be  made  nor  the  exemption  allowed  from  any 
money,  salary,  or  wages  due  him.  Whenever  an  execution,  writ  of  attachment,  or  dis- 
tress warrant  is  issued  against  a  debtor,  if  he  desires  to  have  any  of  his  property  exempt 
from  forced  sale,  he  should  make  a  schedule  of  all  his  personal  property  of  every  kind,  in- 
cluding money  on  hand,  debts  due  and  owing  to  him,  and  subscribe  and  swear  to  it,  and 
deliver  it  to  the  oflScer,  and  any  personal  property  owned  liy  the  debtor  which  he  fails  to 
put  down  on  the  schedule  is  not  exempt  and  may  be  seized  and  sold  b}-  the  officer.  No 
property  is  exempt  from  sale  to  pay  the  wages  of  any  laborer  or  servant.  If  the  head  of 
the  family  dies  or  deserts  the  family,  the  exemption  enures  to  the  benefit  of  those  re- 
maining. If  an  officer,  by  virtue  of  any  process,  seizes  property  exempt  from  levy  and 
forced  sale,  he  is  liable  to  the  party  injured  for  double  the  value  of  the  property  so  ille- 
gally taken. 

DEEDS   AND   MORTGAGES. 

The  statutoi-y  form  of  warranty  deeds'Js  as  follows  : 

The  grantor  (here  insert  name  and  place  of  residence),  for  and  in  consideration  of 
(here  insert  consideration)  in  hand  paid,  conveys  and  warrants  to  (here  insert  name  of 
grantee),  the  following  described  real  estate  (here  insert  description),  situated  in  the 

county  of  ,  in  the  State  of  Illinois. 

Dated  this day  of ,  A.  D.  18—.  A.  B.     [l.  s.] 

A  deed  substantially  in  the  above  form  would  be  a  conveyance  in  fee  simple,  and  by 
executing  it  the  grantor  would  be  held  to  have  covenanted  that  at  the  time  of  the  mak- 
ing and  delivery  of  the  deed  he  was  lawfully  seized  of  an  indefeasible  estate  in  fee  simple, 
in  and  to  the  premises  therein  described,  and  had  good  right  and  full  power  to  convej-  the 
same;  that  the  same  were  then  free  from  all  encumbrances,  and  that  he  warrants  to  the 
grantee,  his  heirs  and  assigns,  the  quiet  and  peaceable  possession  of  the  premises,  and 
that  he  will  defend  the  title  thereto  against  all  persons  who  may  lawfully  claim  the  same. 
These  covenants  would  be  as  binding  upon  the  grantor,  his  heirs  and  personal  representa- 
tives, as  if  written  at  length  in  the  deed. 

Quit  claim  deeds  may  be  made  after  the  following  statutory  form  : 
The  grantor  (here  insert  grantor's  name),  for  the  consideration  of  (here  insert  con- 
sideration), conveys  and  ijuit  claims  to  (here  insert  the  grantee's  name),  all  interest  in 
the  following  described   real  estate  (here  insert  description  thereof),  situated  in  the 

county  of  ,  in  the  State  of  Illinois. 

Dated  this day  of  ,  A.  D.  18—.  A.  B.     [l.  a.] 

Deeds  duly  executed  in  this  form  are  sufficient  to  convey  to  the  grantee,  his  heirs 
and  assigns,  in  fee,  all  tlie  title  and  interest  which  the  grantor  then  had  in  the  premises. 
Real  estate  mortgages  ma)'  be  in  tlie  following  form  : 

The  mortgagor  (here  insert  name),  mortgages  and  warrants  to  (here  insert  name  of 
mortgagee),  to  secure  the  payment  of  (here  insert  tlie  amount  and  nature  of  indebted- 
ness, showing  when  due  and  the  rate  of  interest,  and  wlietlier  secured  liy  note  or  other- 
wise), the  following  described  real  estate  (here  insert  description),  situated  in  the  county 

of  ,  in  the  State  of  Illinois. 

Dated  this day  of ,  A.  D.  18—.  A.  B.     [l.  s.] 

Any  person  duly  executing  a  mortgage   after  this  form   will  be  held  to  have  cove- 


(GENERAL   HISTORY   OF   ILLINOIS.  245 

nanted  to  the  same  extent  as  is  implied  in  the  above  warranty  deed.  If  the  words  "  and 
warrants  "  are  omitted  no  covenants  will  be  implied.  If  it  is  desired  to  waive  and  re- 
lease the  homestead  rights  of  the  grantor  or  mortgagor  in  the  premises  there  should  be 
inserted  in  the  deed  or  mortgate,  after  the  words  "  State  of  Illinois,"  the  words  "  hereby 
releasing  and  waiving  all  rights  under  and  by  virtue  of  the  homestead  laws  of  this  State." 
The  homestead  riglits  are  never  considered  as  waived  or  released  by  a  deed  or  mortgage 
unless  the  same  contains  a  clause  expressly  releasing  or  waiving  such  right,  and  unless 
the  certificate  of  acknowledgment  also  contains  a  clause  substantially  as  follows  :  "  In- 
cluding the  release  and  waiver  of  the  right  of  homestead,"  or  other  words  showing  clearly 
that  the  parties  intended  to  release  such  right.  A  release  or  waiver  of  the  right  of  home- 
stead by  the  husband  does  not  bind  the  wife  unless  she  join  him  in  the  release  or  waiver. 
A  married  woman  may  relinquish  her  right  of  dower  in  her  husband's  real  estate  by 
joining  him  in  the  deed,  mortgage,  or  other  writing,  relating  to  the  disposition  of  the 
property.  If  the  husband  has  already  parted  with  his  title  to  the  lands  the  wife  may 
relinquish  her  dower  by  a  separate  deed  of  conveyance  to  the  purchasers. 

Deeds  and  other  conveyances  should  be  acknowledged  before  some  ofiQcer  authorized 
by  law  to  take  acknowledgments.  A  deed  or  other  conveyance,  although  not  acknowl- 
edged, is  just  as  effectual  to  pass  the  title  to  the  premises  as  if  acknowledged,  except  as 
to  the  estate  of  homestead.  Deeds  and  other  conveyances,  properly  acknowledged,  may 
be  read  in  evidence  without  proof  of  their  execution,  but  if  they  are  not  acknowledged, 
their  execution  must  be  proved.  Deeds,  mortgages,  and  other  instruments  in  writing 
relating  to  real  estate,  are  from  the  time  of  being  filed  for  record  notice  to  subsequent 
purchasers  and  creditors  whether  acknowledged  and  proven  according  to  law  or  not. 
Whatever  may  be  the  form  of  a  deed  of  conveyance,  if  it  was  intended  merely  as  security 
in  the  nature  of  a  mortgage,  it  is  considered  as  a  mortgage. 

Any  person  after  once  selling  any  tract  or  tracts  of  laud  or  executing  any  bond  or 
agreement  for  the  sale  of  lands  or  town  lots,  who  shall  again,  knowingly  and  fraudulently, 
sell  or  dispose  of  the  same  tract  or  tracts  of  land,  or  shall  knowingly  and  fraudulently 
execute  any  bond  or  agreement  to  sell  or  dispose  of  the  same  piece  of  land  to  any  other 
person  for  a  valuable  consideration,  shall  be  imprisoned  in  the  penitentiary  not  less  than 
one  nor  more  than  ten  years. 

A  chattel  mortgage  is  not  good  as  to  third  parties  unless  possession  of  the  chattels 
shall  be  delivered  to  and'remain  with  the  grantee  or  mortgagee,  or  the  instrument  shall 
be  properly  acknowledged  and  recorded  and  provide  for  the  possession  of  the  property  to 
remain  with  the  grantor  or  mortgagor.  Any  mortgage  or  conveyance  of  personal  pro- 
perty as  security  for  the  pa3'ment  of  money  or  other  thing  may  be  acknowledged  before  a 
justice  of  the  peace  of  the  town  where  the  mortgagor  resides.  If  the  mortgagor  is  not  a 
resident  of  this  State  when  the  acknowledgment  is  made,  then  before  any  officer  author- 
ized to  take  acknowledgments  of  deeds: 

The  certificate  of  acknowledgment  may  be  in  the  following  form  : 

This  (name  of  instrument)  was  acknowledged  before  me  by  (name  of  grantor)  this 
day  of ,  18 — . 

Witness  my  hand  and  seal. 

(name  of  officer)  [seal.] 

If  the  mortgagor  is  a  resident  the  words  "and  entered  by  me,"  should  be  inserted 
after  the  name  of  the  grantor  and  the  justice  should  make  a  memorandum  on  his  docket 
substantially  as  follows : 

A.  B.  (name  of  mortgagor)  to      |    Mortgage  of  (here  insert  description  >  ii 

C.  D.  (name  of  mortgagee)           \        as  in  mortgage.) 
Acknowledged  this day  of ,  18 — . 

If  the  mortgagor  sells  the  property  during  the  existence  of  the  mortgage  v  ;"  it  in- 
forming the  purchaser  of  the  existence  of  it   he  shall  forfeit   and   pay   to   the    .         haser 


246  GENERAL   HISTORY   OF   ILLINOIS. 

twice  the  value  of  the  property  so  sold.  Or  if  the  mortgagor  during  the  existence  of 
the  lien  sells,  transfers,  conceals,  takes,  drives,  or  carries  away,  or  in  any  manner  dis- 
poses of  the  property  mortgaged  without  the  written  consent  of  the  holder  of  the  incum- 
brance, he  may  be  fined  in  a  sum  not  exceeding  twice  the  value  of  the  property  so  sold 
or  disposed  of,  or  confined  in  the  county  jail  not  exceeding  one  year  or  both. 

FORM   OF   CHATTEL   MORTGAGE. 

Know  all  men  by  these  presents,  that of  the  town  of  in  the  county 

of and  State  of  Illinois  in  consideration  of  the  sum  of dollars,  to 

paid  by of  the  county  of and  State  of the  receipt  whereof  is  hereby 

acknowledged,    do   hereby    grant,    sell,    convej'    and    confirm   unto  the    said , 

and  to  his  executors,  administrators  or  assigns  the  following  goods  and  chattels  to  wit : 
(here  describe  them  and  state  where  they  are  kept). 

To  have  and  to  hold  all  and  singular  the  said  goods  and  chattels,  unto  the  said 

mortgagee  herein,  and executors,  administrators  and  assigns  to and  their 

sole  use  forever.  And  the  mortgagor  herein,  for and  for  executors,  ad- 
ministrators  do   hereby   covenant   to  and  with   the   said    mortgagee executors, 

administrators  and  assigns,  that  said  mortgagor lawfully  possessed  of  the  said 

goods  and  chattels  as  of  own  property,  that  the  same  are  free  from  all  incum- 
brances and  that will,  and executors  and  administrators  shall,  warrant  and 

defend  the  same  to  the  said  mortgagee executors,  administrators  and  assigns, 

against  the  lawful  claims  and  demands  of  all  persons. 

Provided  nevertheless,  that,  if  the  said  mortgagor executors   or   adminis- 
trators shall  well  and  truly  pay  unto  the  said  mortgagee executors,  administrators 

or  assigns  (here  insert  indebtedness  to  be  paid  off)  then  this  mortgage  to  be  void,  other- 
wise to  remain  in  full  force  and  effect. 

And  provided,  also,  that  it  shall  be  lawful  for  the  said  mortgagor executors, 

administrators  and  assigns,  to  retain  possession  of  the  said  goods  and  chattels,  and  at 
own  expense  to  keep  and  use  the  same,  until or executors,  or  ad- 
ministrators or  assigns  shall  make  default  in  the  payment  of  the  said  sum  of  money  above 
specified,  either  in  principal  or  interest,  at  the  time  or  times  and  in  the  manner  herein 
before  stated.  And  the  said  mortgagor,  herel)y  covenant  and  agree,  that  in  case 
default  shall  be  made  in  the  payment  of  tlie  note,  aforesaid,  or  of  any  part  thereof,  or 
the  interest  thereon,  on  the  day  or  days  respectively  on  which  tlie  same  shall  become  due 

and  payable;  or  if  the  mortgagee executors,  administrators  or  assigns  shall  feel 

insecure  or  unsafe,  or  shall  fear  diminutions,  lemoval.  or  waste  of  said  property  ; 

or,  if  the  mortgagor shall  sell  or  assign,  or  attempt  to  sell  or  assign  the  said  goods 

and  chattels  or  any  interest  therein  ;  or,  if  any  wiit  or  any  distress  warrant  shall  be 
levied  on  said  goods  and  chattels  or  any  part  thereof ;  then,  and  in  either  of  said  cases,  said 
note,  and  sum  of  money  botli  principal  and  interest,  shall,  at  the  option  of  said  mort- 
gagee   executors,  administrators  or  assigns,   without  notice  to  any  one  of  said 

option,  become  at  once  due  and  payable,  and  the  said  mortgagee executors,  ad- 
ministrators or  assigns,  or  any  of  them,  shall  tlierL-upon  have  the  right  to  take  immediate 
possession  of  said  property  wherever  it  may  be  found  and  may  enter  the  jiremises  of  the 
mortgagor,  and  search  for  and  take  possession  of  said  goods  and  cliattels,  and  remove, 
sell  and  dispose  of  the  same  or  any  part  thereof,  at  public  auction,  to  the  highest  bidder, 

after  giving days'  notice  of- the  time,  place,  and  terms  of  sale,  together  with  the 

description  of  the  property  to  be  sold,  by  notices  posted  up  in  three  public  places  in  the 
vicinity  cf  such  sale,  ftr  at  private  sale,  with  or  without  notice,  for  casli  or  on  credit  aa 

the  said   nortgagee executors,  administrators  or  assigns  may  elect,  and  out  of  the 

proceeds  of  such  sale,  to  retain  all  costs  and  charges  for  recovering,  removing,  storing, 
advertih  ng  and  selling  such  goods  and  chattels  and  all  i)rior  liens  thereon,  together  with 


GENERAL   HISTORY   OF   ILLINOIS.  247 

the  amount  due  and  unpaid  upon  said  note,  rendering  the   surplus,  if  any  remain,  unto 

said  mortgagor or legal  representatives. 

Witness  the  hand,  and  seal,  of  the  mortgagor this daj^  of 18 — . 


State  of  Illinois,   . 
County  of  Peoria.  ' 


[seal.] 
[seal.] 


I a  Justice  of  the   Peace  in   the   town  of  in  and  for  said  county  do 

hereby  certify  that  this  mortgage  was  duly  acknowledged  before  me  by  the  above  named 

mortgagor,  therein  named  and  entered  by  me  this day  of  A.  D. 

18—. 

Witness  my  hand  and  seal.  [seal.] 

Justice  of  the  Peace. 
landlord  and  tenant. 

The  owner  of  land  is  entitled  to  reasonable  rent  in  the  following  cases  :  When  rent 
is  due  and  in  arrear  on  a  lease  for  life  or  lives ;  when  lands  are  held  without  any  agree- 
ment for  rent ;  when  the  possession  is  obtained  under  an  agreement  to  purchase  and  the 
buyer  refuses  to  complete  the  purchase  or  give  up  possession  after  demand  in  writing ; 
when  a  person  after  demand  in  writing  neglects  to  give  up  possession  to  the  purchaser 
under  a  judgment  or  decree  of  court  against  him  or  under  a  trust  deed  or  mortgage 
made  by  him. 

The  tenant  is  liable  for  double  rent  if  he  holds  over  after  a  proper  demand  is  made 
on  him  for  the  possession,  or  if  he  gives  notice  of  his  intention  to  quit  and  does  not 
quit. 

Sixty  days'  notice  to  quit  is  required  in  tenancies  from  year  to  year ;  thirty  days' 
notice  in  tenancies  from  month  to  month.  If  rent  is  due  the  lease  may  be  terminated 
by  the  landlord  giving  the  tenant  notice  in  writing  that  unless  the  rent  is  paid  within 
five  or  more  days  the  lease  will  be  terminated.  If  default  is  made  in  any  of  the  terms 
of  the  lease,  no  more  than  ten  days'  notice  to  quit  is  requii-ed.  The  notice  may  be  in  the 
following  form : 

To  A.  B. :  You  are  hereby  notified  that  in  consequence  of  your  default  in  (here  in- 
sert character  of  default)  of  the  premises  now  occupied  by  you,  being,  etc.  (here  de- 
scribe the  premises)  I  have  elected  to  determine  your  lease,  and  you  are  hereby  notified 
to  quit  and  deliver  up  possession  of  the  same  to  me  within  ten  days  of  this  date. 

(Dated,  etc.)  (Signed.) 

It  may  be  signed  by  the  lessor  or  his  agent.  No  notice  is  necessary  when  the  term 
has  expired. 

The  landlord  may  distrain  any  of  the  personal  property  of  the  tenant  found  in  the 
county  where  the  tenant  resides,  for  rent  due,  at  any  time  within  six  months  after  the 
expiration  of  the  term  for  which  the  premises  were  leased.  He  also  has  a  lien  for  his 
rent  on  the  crops  grown  or  growing  on  the  demised  premises.  If  the  tenant  abandons 
or  removes  from  any  part  of  the  premises  the  landlord  may  seize  upon  any  grain  grown 
or  growing  upon  the  premises  so  abandoned,  whether  the  rent  is  due  or  not,  and  sell  the 
same  to  pay  tlie  rent.  And  if  the  landlord's  lien  is  endangered  by  the 
tenant's  removing  crops  he  may  distrain  at  once,  whether  the  rent  is  due  or  not. 

The  following  is  a  very  good  form  for  a  lease  of  a  farm  and  buildings : 

This  Indenture,  made  this day  of A.  D.,    18 .        Between 

part}'  of  the  first  part,  and pin'ty  of  the  second  part. 

WITNESSETH,  that  the  party  of  the  first  part,  in  consideration  of  the  covenants  of 
the  party  of  the  second  part  hereinafter  set  forth  do by  these  Presents  lease  to  the 


248  GENERAL   HISTORY  OF   ILLINOIS. 

party  of  the  second  part  the  following  described  property  to  wit. : 

in  the  county  of and  State  of . 

To  HAVE  ANT)  TO  HOLD  the  same  to  the  party  of  tlie  second  part,  from  the- 


day  of 18 ,  to  the day  of 18 .       And  the  party  of  the 

second  part,  in  consideration  of  the  leasing  the  premises  as  above  set  forth,  covenants 
and  agrees  with  the  part}-  of  the  first  part  to  pay  the  party  of  the  first  part,  as  rent  for 
the  same,  the  sum  of dollars  payable,  as  follows,  to  wit. : . 

And  the  party  of  the  second  part  covenants  with  the  party  of  the  first  part,  that  at 

the  expiration  of  the  term  of  this  lease he will  yield  up  the  premises  to  the  party 

of  the  first  part,  without  further  notice,  in  as  good  condition  as  when  the  same  were  en- 
tered upon  by  the  party  of  the  second  part,  loss  by  fire  or  inevitable  accident  and  ordi- 
nary wear  excepted. 

It  is  further  agreed  by  the  party  of  the  second  part,  that  he  will  not  underlet  said 
premises,  or  any  part  thereof,  or  a.ssign  this  lease  without  the  written  assent  of  the  party 
of  the  first  part  firet  had  thereto.  And  if  default  be  made  in  any  of  the  covenants  or 
agreements  herein  contained,  to  be  kept  b)'  the  party  of  the  second  part,  it  shall  be  law- 
ful for  the  party  of  the  first  part,  either  with  or  without  process  of  law  to  re-enter  into 
and  upon  said  premises,  or  any  part  thereof,  and  repossess  the  same  at  the  election 
of  the  party  of  the  first  part,  and  after  any  such  default  shall  be  made  the  party  of  the 
second  part  shall  be  deemed  guilty  of  a  forcible  detainer  of  said  premises  under  the 
statute. 

The  covenants  and  agreements  herein  contained  shall  extend  to  and  be  binding  upon 
the  heirs,  assigns,  executors  and  administrators  of  the  parties  to  this  lease. 

Witness  the  hands  and  seals  of  the  parties  aforesaid. 

[seal.] 
[seal.] 

Any  other  covenants  may  be  inserted  which  the  parties  consider  necessary.  This 
is  also  a  good  form  for  a  lease  of  a  house  and  lot. 

laborer's  and  mechanic's  lien. 

The  statute  creates  a  lien  for  services  rendered  or  material  furnished  in  building, 
altering  or  repairing  any  building  or  appurtenances  tht-reto,  or  upon  any  street  or  alley 
connected  willi  such  building  or  appurtenance,  upon  the  interest  of  tlie  person  for  whom 
the  labor  or  services  were  performed  or  materials  furnished,  in  the  whole  tract  or  lot  of 
land  and  in  the  house  or  l)uilding  and  appurtenance,  for  the  amount  due,  provided,  the 
time  stipulated  for  the  completion  of  the  work  or  furnishing  materials  is  not  more  than 
three  years  from  tiie  commencement  thereof  and  tlie  tinu'  of  paynient  more  than  one  j'ear 
from  tlie  time  stipulated  for  the  completion  thereof,  where  the  contract  is  expressed,  and 
provided  the  work  is  done  or  material  furnislied  within  one  year  from  the  commencement 
of  tlie  work  or  delivery  of  material,  where  the  contract  is  implied.  Tiiis  lien  takes  pre- 
cedence on  the  building  erected  and  materials  furnislied  over  all  incumlirances. 

To  make  his  lien  good,  the  person  furnishing  labor  or  materials  to  the  original  con- 
tractor should  cause  a  notice  in  writing  to  be  served  on  the  nwiier  or  his  agent  suijstan- 
tially  as  follows: 

To :     You  are  hereby  notified  that  I  have  been  employed  by to  (here 

insert  whether  to  labor  or  furnish  mati'rials  and  substantially  liie  nature  of  the  under- 
taking or  demand)  upon  your  (here  state   the  l)uilding  and   where  situated   in  general 
terms) ;  and  that  I  sliall  liold  the  (building  or  as  the  case  may  be)  and  your  interest  in 
the  ground  liable  for  the  amount  that  (is  or  may  become)  due  me  on  account  thereof. 
(Date) .  (Signature) . 

If  there  is  a  written  contract,  a  copy  should  lie  attached  if  it  can  lie  tihtained.  The 
notice   should   lie  served  forty  days  before  completion  of  sub-contract,  or  within  forty 


GENERAJ.   HISTORY   OF   ILLINOIS.  249 

days  after  payment  should  have  been  made  for  labor  or  materials.  Persons  keeping, 
pasturing,  feeding  or  yarding  domestic  animals  have  a  lien  on  them  for  their  proper 
charges.  There  is  also  a  lien  upon  horses,  carriages  and  harnesses  for  proper  charges 
for  keeping  thereof  or  expenses  bestowed  thereon  at  the  request  of  the  owner. 

JTJKISDICTION  OF  COUETS. 

Justices  of  the  Peace  have  jurisdiction  in  their  respective  counties,  when  the  amount 
claimed  does  not  exceed  1200,  in  the  following  cases': 

In  all  actions  for  the  recovery  of  money  only,  and  in  all  cases  where  the  action  of 
debt  or  assumpsit  lies.  In  proceeding  by  attacliment  and  garnishment.  In  actions  to 
recover  damages  for  providing  for  any  intoxicated  person,  and  for  damages  resulting  from 
the  intoxication  of  such  person ;  and  for  damages  to  real  property,  and  for  taking,  detain- 
ing, or  injuring  personal  j^roperty,  or  for  fraud  in  the  purchase,  exchange,  or  sale  of  per- 
sonal pi'operty.  In  actions  for  rent  and  distress  for  rent.  In  actions  against  railroad 
companies  for  killing  or  injuring  stock,  and  for  loss  or  injury  to  baggage  or  freight,  and 
for  damage  to  property  by  setting  fire  to  the  same  by  their  engines  or  otherwise. 

They  have  juiisdiction  in  actions  of  forcible  entry  and  detainer  without  regard  to  the 
value  of  the  property,  and  of  replevin  when  the  value  of  the  property  claimed  does  not 
exceed  $200,  and  in  proceedings  under  the  drainage  act,  when  the  cost  of  the  proposed 
drain,  ditch,  levee,  or  other  work  will  not  exceed  $5,000,  and  will  not  extend  through  or 
into  more  than  three  congressional  townships,  and  in  cases  for  the  violation  of  ordinances 
of  cities,  towns,  and  villages,  and  to  cause  Texas  or  Cherokee  cattle  to  be  impounded 
and  prevent  their  spreading  disease  among  native  cattle,  and  in  actions  for  damages  for 
injury  caused  to  domestic  animals  by  dogs  when  the  damages  do  not  exceed  $100,  and  of 
actions  for  failure  to  pay  dog  tax,  and  in  all  cases  of  misdemeanors,  or  when  the  punish- 
ment is  bj'  fine  onlj'  and  does  not  exceed  a  fine  of  $200,  and  in  all  cases  of  assault  and 
battery,  and  affrays,  and  of  proceedings  to  punish  vagabonds. 

The  jurisdiction  of  Police  Magistrates  is  made  uniform  with  that  of  Justices  of  the 
Peace  by  the  Constitution  of  this  State. 

County  Courts  have  original  jurisdiction  in  all  matters  of  probate  ;  settlement  of 
estates  of  deceased  persons ;  appointment  of  guardians  and  conservators,  and  settlement 
of  their  accounts ;  in  all  matters  relating  to  apprentices ;  in  proceedings  by  executors, 
administrators,  guardians,  and  conservators  for  the  sale  of  real  estate ;  in  proceedings  for 
the  collection  of  taxes  and  assessments ;  in  all  applications  for  discharge  from  imprison- 
ment ;  under  the  provisions  of  the  act  concerning  insolvent  debtors  ;  in  proceedings  had 
under  the  act  relating  to  voluntary  assignments ;  in  proceedings  relating  to  idiots,  luna- 
tics and  drunkards  ;  in  trials  of  right  of  projDerty  when  personal  property  is  seized  under 
an  execution  or  a  writ  of  attachment  by  any  sheriff  or  coroner  ;  and  in  proceedings  under 
the  drainage  act. 

They  also  have  concurrent  jurisdiction  with  Circuit  Courts  in  all  that  class  of  cases 
where  justices  of  the  peace  now  have  or  may  hereafter  have  jurisdiction,  where  the 
amount  claimed  or  the  value  of  the  property  in  controversy  shall  not  exceed  $1,000  ;  and 
in  all  cases  of  appeals  from  justices  of  the  peace  and  police  magistrates ;  and  in  all 
criminal  offences  and  misdemeanors,  where  the  punishment  is  not  imprisonment  in  the 
penitentiary  or  death. 

Circuit  Courts  have  jurisdiction  of  all  causes  in  law  and  equity,  and  appellate  juris- 
diction of  cases  appealed  from  justices  of  tlie  peace,  police  magistrates  and  county  judge, 
when  sitting  as  a  justice  of  the  peace ;  and  from  judgments,  orders  and  decrees  of  county 
courts  in  all  matters,  except  in  proceedings  for  the  sale  of  lands  for  taxes  and  special 
assessments ;  and  in  all  common  law  and  attachment  cases ;  and  in  cases  of  forcible  de- 
tainer, and  forcible  entry  and  detainer. 
17 


250  GENERAL   HISTORY   OF   ILLINOIS. 


LDflTATIONS   OF   ACTIONS. 


Actions  for  the  recovery  of  lands  must  generally  be  brought  within  twenty  years 
after  the  right  to  bring  such  action  accrued. 

If  any  person  is  possessed  of  the  hinds  by  actual  residence  for  seven  successive 
years,  having  a  connected  title  deducible  of  record  from  this  State  or  tlie  United  States, 
or  from  any  officer  authorized  l)y  the  laws  of  this  State  to  sell  the  land  for  taxes,  or  on 
execution  or  under  any  order,  judgment  or  decree  of  any  court  of  record,  the  action 
must  be  brought  against  him  within  seven  years  from  the  time  he  took  possession,  or 
from  tlie  time  of  acquiring  such  title,  if  it  was  acquired  after  lie  obtained  possession. 

Possession  under  color  of  title,  accompanied  with  payment  of  taxes,  will  contitutes 
a  good  title  to  land,  but  if  the  land  is  unoccupied  and  vacant,  color  of  titlj  and  payment 
of  taxes  alone  will  constitute  a  good  title. 

There  are  some  exceptions  to  these  rules  in  favor  of  the  United  States,  this  State, 
schools,  seminaries,  religious  societies  and  lands  held  for  any  public  purpose  and  in  favor 
of  persons  under  twenty-one  years  of  age,  insane,  imprisoned,  femme  covert,  out  of  the 
United  States  and  in  employment  of  United  States  where  such  person  holds  an  adverse 
title. 

Mortgages  and  trust  deeds  must  be  foreclosed  within  ten  yeai-s  after  the  right  of  ac- 
tion accrued. 

Actions  for  libel  and  slander  should  be  commenced  within  one  year  after  the  cause 
of  action  accrued,  for  damages  for  injury  to  the  person,  for  false  imprisonment,  for  ma- 
licious prosecution,  for  a  statutory  penalty,  for  abduction,  for  seduction,  for  criminal 
conversation  within  two  years;  on  unwritten  contracts,  on  awards  of  arliitration,  to  re- 
cover damages  for  injury  done  to  property,  to  recover  possession  of  personal  property  or 
damages  for  the  detention  or  conversion  thereof,  and  all  civil  actions  not  otherwise  pro- 
vided for,  five  years  ;  on  bonds,  promissory  notes,  bills  of  exchange,  written  leases, 
written  contracts,  or  other  evidences  of  indebtedness  in  writing,  ten  years,  or  ten  years 
from  the  time  of  the  last  payment  thereon  or  new  promise  to  pay.  The  time  the  de- 
fendant is  out  of  the  State  is  deducted.  Persons  under  disability  may  bring  the  action 
within  two  years  after  the  disability  is  removed.  If  the  cause  of  action  arose  in  another 
State  an  action  can  not  be  maintained  on  it,  here,  after  it  is  barred  by  the  laws  of  such 
other  State.  Actions  on  judgments  are  barred  after  twenty  years.  Indictments  for 
murder  or  manslaughter,  arson  or  forgery,  may  be  found  at  any  time  after  tiie  commis- 
sion of  the  crime,  for  otiier  felonies  generally  within  tliree  years  after  the  commission 
of  the  crime.  Prosecutions  for  misdemeanors,  and  for  fines  and  forfeitures  under  the 
penal  statute  must,  generally,  be  commenced  within  eighteen  montlis  from  the  time  of 
committing  tiie  offense  or  incurring  the  fine  or  forfeiture.  The  time  when  the  party  was 
not  usually  and  publicly  a  resident  of  this  State  is  not  included. 

SUBSCRIPTIONS. 

Subscriptions  to  charitable  or  other  enterprises  are  governed  very  much  by  the  laws 
relating  to  written  contracts.  It  is  sometimes  lield  that  where  several  voluntary  sub- 
scriptions are  made  for  any  cliaritable  purpose,  that  one  subscription  is  the  consideration 
for  anotlier,  and  tiiat  ail  are  binding.  However  tliis  may  be,  if  a  voluntary  subscription 
is  made  to  the  erection  of  a  church  or  other  charitable  object,  and  before  the  subscrip- 
tion is  withdrawn,  advances  are  made  or  expenses  or  liabilities  are  incurred  on  tlie 
atrengtii  of  llic  subscription,  it  will  be  held  oljligatory.  A  subscription  to  the  capital 
stock  of  a  chartered  company  or  corporation,  made  in  accordance  with  its  by-laws  and 
the  statute,  is  binding.  A  subsciiption  to  a  book,  map,  etc.,  is  governed  by  the  terms 
of  the  subscription  itself ;  and  the  subscriber  should  carefully  observe  whetlier  all  the 
conditions  on  which  he  subscribes  are  inserted  in  the  document  he  signs. 


RENEBAL  HISTORY   OF   ILLINOIS.  251 

MAERIED   WOMEN. 

A  married  woman  may  own  real  and  personal  property  and  sell  and  convey  the  same 
to  the  same  extent  and  in  the  same  manner  that  her  husband  can  property  belonging  to 
him.  She  may  receive,  use  and  possess  her  own  earnings,  and  sue  for  them  in  her  own 
name  free  from  his,  or  his  creditor's  interference.  Neither  she  nor  her  earnings  or  pro- 
perty is  liable  for  his  separate  debts,  contracted  either  before  or  after  marriage.  If  one 
of  them  transfers  goods  or  chattels  to  the  other,  the  conveyance  should  be  in  writing, 
and  acknowledged  and  recorded  in  the  same  manner  as  chattel  mortgages  are  required  to 
be  acknowledged  and  recorded  when  the  possession  of  the  property  remains  with 
the  mortgagor.  She  may  sue  and  be  sued  without  joining  Jier  husband  with  her  in  all  cases. 
If  they  are  sued  jointly,  they  may  defend  jointly  or  separately,  and  if  one  neglects  to 
defend,  the  other  may  defend  for  such  one  also.  Neither  is  responsible  for  the  civil  injur- 
ies committed  by  the  other.  Both  are  liable  for  the  expenses  of  the  family  and  education 
of  the  children.  She  may  constitute  him  her  agent  to  transact  her  business,  but  neither 
is  entitled  to  any  compensation  for  services  rendered  the  other.  She  has  a  dower  interest 
in  his  real  estate.  If  either  husband  or  wife  abandons  the  other,  and  is  absent  from  the 
State  for  one  year,  without  providing  for  the  support  of  the  family,  or  is  imprisoned  in 
the  penitentiary,  a  court  of  record  may,  upon  application,  authorize  the  one  so  abandoned 
to  manage,  control,  sell  and  incumber  the  property  of  the  other  as  may  be  necessary  for 
the  support  of  the  family,  or  payment  of  debts  contracted  for  the  support  of  the  family  or 
the  debts  of  the  other. 

ADOPTION  OF   CHILDREN. 

Children  may  be  adopted  with  the  consent  of  their  parents  or  in  cases  where  their 
parents  have  deserted  them  for  one  year,  by  a  resident  of  this  State,  by  petitioning  to  the 
County  or  Circuit  Court  for  that  purpose.  If  the  child  is  14  years  of  age  or  more,  its 
consent  must  be  had.  Its  name  may  be  changed  if  desired,  in  the  proceedings  for  adop- 
tion. The  parents  of  an  adopted  child  have  no  legal  rights  as  respects  it,  and  it  is  freed 
from  all  obligations  of  maintainance  of  or  obedience  to  such  parents. 

Adopted  children  inherit  from  their  adopted  parents,  but  they  can  not  take  property 
limited  do  the  heirs  of  the  bodies  of  such  parents,  or  property  from  the  lineal  or  collateral 
kindred  of  such  parents  by  right  of  representation.  The  parents  b}*  adoption  and  their 
heirs,  inherit  from  their  adopted  children,  but  they  do  not  inherit  any  property  which 
such  child  may  take  by  gift,  devise,  bequest  or  descent  from  its  kindred  by  blood. 

ESTRATS. 

Horses,  mules,  asses,  neat  cattle,  swine,  sheep  or  goats  straying,  at  any  time,  in 
counties  where  such  animals  are  not  allowed  to  run  at  large,  and  between  the  last  day 
of  October  and  the  loth  of  April,  in  other  counties  are  estrays.  A  householder  may  take 
up  an  estraj'  found  upon  or  about  his  farm,  or  place  of  residence.  Whoever 
takes  one  up  or  has  one  upon  his  enclosed  premises,  should  within  five  days,  thereafter, 
post  notices  in  three  of  the  most  public  places  of  the  town  or  precinct,  where  the  estray 
was  found,  giving  the  residence  of  the  taker  up  and  a  particular  description  of  the  estray, 
and  stating  before  what  Justice  of  the  Peace  in  that  town,  and  at  what  time,  not  less  than 
ten  nor  more  than  fifteen  days  from  the  time  of  posting  the  notices,  he  will  have  the 
estray  appraised  ;  and  he  should  within  the  same  time  deliver  a  copy  of  the  notice  to  the 
Town  Cler.k  to  be  entered  on  the  Town  Estray  Book.  If  the  owner  does  not  appear, 
prove  property  and  pay  expenses  on  the  day  named  in  the  notice,  the  Justice  must  ap- 
point three  houseliolders  to  appraise  the  estray  under  oath.  The  appraisers,  must,  in 
their  return,  certify  the  age,  color  and  marks,  natural  and  artificial  of  the  estray.  If  the 
value  of  the  estrays  exceeds  $20,  the  Justice  should  within  ten  days  after  the  return   of 


2.")2  GKNERAI,   HISTORY   OF   ILLINOIS 

the  appraisement,  send  to  the  County  Clerk,  to  be  entered  in  the  estray  book,  a  certifi- 
cate substantial!}'  as  follows  : 

Taken  up  on  the day  of 18 — by at the  following 

described    estray     (description    of  estray  and    appraised  value.)     Dated    this day 

of 18.  N.  L.,  Justice  of  the  Peace. 

The  County  Cl»rk  will  liave  a  copy  of  the  certificate  pul)lished  in  a  newspaper  of 
the  county  for  three  weeks,  and  copies  posted  up  in  three  public  places  in  the  county, 
and  if  the  estra_v  is  a  horse,  mule  or  ass,  he  will  send  a  copy  to  be  published  in  a  news- 
paper in  Springfield,  designated  by  the  Governor,  and  the  editor  of  the  paper  will 
transmit  a  copy  of  the  paper  containing  the  notice  to  every  County  Clerk  in  the  State  to 
be  preserved  for  the  examination  of  all  concerned. 

If  the  estray  is  a  horse,  mule,  ass  or  head  of  neat  cattle,  and  is  not  claimed  within 
a  year,  or  if  it  is  a  swine,  sheep,  goat,  and  is  not  claimed  b\-  the  owner  within  three 
months  and  charges  and  expenses  paid,  upon  that  fact  being  made  known  to  the  Justice, 
he  will  sell  the  same  at  public  vendue,  after  having  given  twenty  days  public  notice. 
Whatever  proceeds  of  the  sale  remain  after  paying  all  expenses,  the  owner  may  have 
within  three  years ;  after  the  expiration  of  that  time  the  surplus  goes  to  the  County 
Treasurer.  Whoever  takes  up  an  estray,  except  in  accordance  with  the  statute,  must 
pay  ten  dollars  and  costs  for  the  use  of  the  county. 

MARKS   AND   BRANDS. 

Every  person  in  this  State  having  stock  may  have  an  ear  mark  and  brand  different 
from  those  of  his  neighbors  ;  and  have  the  same  recorded  by  the  County  Clerk  of  the 
county  where  the  stock  is  kept.  When  any  dispute  arises  in  regard  to  the  mark  or 
brand,  the  County  Clerk's  record  will  he  prima  facie  proof. 

Any  person  purchasing  stock  may  mark  the  same  with  his  brand  or  mark  in  the 
presence  of  one  or  more  of  his  neighbors,  who  may  certify  to  the  marking  or  branding 
being  done,  when  done  and  liow  done  and  what  tiie  previous  marks  were.  Such  certifi- 
cate will  he  prima  facie  proof  of  the  facts  therein  stated. 

MILLERS. 

Private  property  may  be  condemned  for  tlie  purpose  of  building  or  repairing  any 
grist  mill,  saw  mill  or  other  public  mill  and  machinery,  or  to  erect,  repair  or  increase  the 
height  of  any  dam  to  supply  water  f(ir  any  such  mill  or  machii'ery. 

The  grain  brought  to  a  public  mill  must  l)e  ground  as  well  as  the  mature  and  condi- 
tion of  the  mill  will  permit,  and  in  due  turn  as  the  same  sliall  l)e  brought ;  and  if  there 
is  any  neglect  in  these  respects,  or  if  the  miller  takes  too  inueii  toll,  he  shall  pay  the 
sum  of  $r>  to  the  party  injured. 

The  toll  for  grinding  aiul  bolting  wheat,  rye  or  other  grains  is  one-eighth  part;  for 
grinding  Indian  corn,  oats,  barle}',  l)uckwheat  or  other  grains  not  reipiired  to  be  bolted, 
one-seventh  jiart;  for  grinding  malt  and  chopping  all  kinds  of  grain,  one-eighth  part. 

Millei-s  must  give  punctual  attendance,  keep  accurate  measures  anil  assist  in  loading 
and  unloading  the  grain  l)rought  to  be  ground.  They  are  responsible  for  the  grain 
brought  to  tluMii  to  grind  and  for  the  bags,  etc.,  containing  the  same;  but  the  bags 
should  be  distinctly  marked  with  the  initials  of  tlie  owner's  name. 

ROADS. 

It  is  the  duty  of  the  commissioners  of  liighways  to  cause  roads  and  bridges  to  be  built, 
repaired,  established,  altered  or  vacated  ;  to  have  all  roads  not  sufliciently  described,  or 
wliirh  have  been  used  for  twenty  jH-ars,  ascertained,  describt'd.  and  recorded  in  the  town 
clerk's  office  ;  to  divide  the  towns  into  road  districts,  aiul  assign  to  them  such  inhabitants 
as  are  liable  to  work  on  the  roads,  and  rec^uire  the  overseers  of   liigiiways   to  warn  such 


GENERAL   HISTORY   OF   ILLINOIS.  253 

inhabitants  to  come  and  work  on  the  roads  ;  to  purchase  for  the  use  of  highways  and 
take  proper  care  of,  tools,  implements  and  machinery  ;  to  cause  guide  boards  to  be  erected 
at  suitable  places  ;  to  prevent  noxious  weeds  from  seeding,  and  the  growth  of  vegetation 
from  becoming  rank  in  the  highways ;  and  in  their  discretion,  to  construct  wells  and 
other  conveniences  for  public  use  and  for  watering  teams ;  to  choose  one  of  their  number 
treasurer,  at  their  first  meeting  after  the  annual  town  meeting;  to  render  to  the  board 
of  town  auditors,  at  their  annual  meeting,  an  account  of  the  labor  assessed  and  performed, 
of  all  moneys  received,  of  improvements  necessary  to  be  made  on  roads  and  bridges,  and 
an  estimate  of  the  probable  expense  of  making  the  improvements,  beyond  what  the  labor 
to  be  assessed  in  that  year  and  road  tax  will  accomplish  ;  of  all  expenses  and  damages  in 
consequence  of  laying  out,  altering  and  discontinuing  roads ;  of  the  manner  in  which  all 
sums  have  been  paid  out  and  expended,  to  whom  paid  and  on  what  account.  If  any  tool 
or  implement  proposed  to  be  purchased  will  cost  more  than  $200,  the  propriety  of  pur- 
chasing it  should  be  submitted  to  the  voters  of  the  town  at  the  annual  town  meeting. 
The  commissioners  meet  on  the  second  Tuesday  after  the  annual  town  meeting,  at  the 
town  clerk's  office,  and  afterwards  at  such  times  and  places  as  thej'  think  proper.  They 
should  keep  a  record  of  their  proceedings  at  all  meetings.  They  ascertain,  estimate,  and 
assess  the  road  labor  and  road  tax  to  be  performed  and  paid  in  their  town  in  the  next  en- 
suing year.  All  able-bodied  men,  between  the  ages  of  twenty-one  and  fifty,  except  such 
as  are  exempt  by  law,  are  required  to  work  on  the  roads  not  less  than  one  nor  more  than 
three  days  in  every  year.     Road  taxes  may  be  paid  in  labor  on  the  highways. 

At  the  annual  town  meeting  an  overseer  of  highways  should  be  chosen  for  every 
road  district  in  the  town.  It  is  their  duty  to  repair  and  keep  the  highways  in  order  ;  to 
warn  persons  from  whom  road  labor  is  due  to  work  on  the  highways,  at  such  time  and 
places  in  the  district  as  they  may  think  proper ;  to  collect  fines  and  commutation  money 
and  execute  all  lawful  orders  of  the  commissioners,  and  to  deliver  to  the  town  clerk  with- 
in ten  days  after  their  election  or  appointment,  a  list  of  all  the  men  in  the  district  liable 
to  work  on  highways.  Any  one  can  commute  for  his  road  labor  at  one  dollar  per  day,  to 
be  paid  within  three  days  after  he  is  notified  to  work  on  the  highways.  The  overseers 
should  give  three  days'  notice  to  persons  assessed  to  work  on  highways  of  the  time  and 
place  they  are  to  appear  for  that  purpose,  and  with  what  implements.  A  day's  work 
consists  of  eight  hours.  Every  one  appearing  who  does  not  work  faithfully,  forfeits  to 
the  town  $2  for  every  offense.  The  forfeiture  for  neither  commuting  or  working  is  $2  for 
each  day's  neglect ;  for  omitting  to  furnish  a  pair  of  horses  or  oxen,  $1.50  for  each  day ; 
for  omitting  to  furnish  a  man  to  manage  the  team,  $2  per  day,  or  a  cart,  plow  or  wagon, 
75  cents  for  each  day.  The  overseer  should  make  complaint  to  some  justice  of  the  peace 
within  six  days  after  any  person  is  guilty  of  any  such  refusal  or  neglect.  The  overseer 
should  also  give  three  days'  notice  to  persons  against  whom  a  land  or  personal  tax  is  as- 
sessed of  the  time  and  place  to  pay  the  road  taxes  in  labor,  and  what  implements  they 
are  required  to  furnish.  Any  person  appearing  should  be  credited  on  his  road  tax  fl.25 
for  every  day  of  eight  hours  he  actually  works,  25  cents  per  da}'  for  every  wagon  or  plow, 
$1  a  day  for  each  yoke  of  oxen,  $1.25  a  day  for  each  span  of  horses  or  mules,  which  he 
furnishes,  agreeably  to  the  requirements  of  the  overseer.  The  arrearages  of  road  taxes 
are  collected  in  the  same  manner  that  other  taxes  of  the  county  are  levied  and  collected. 
The  legal  voters  of  any  township  in  counties  under  township  organization,  may,  by  a 
majoritj'  vote,  at  their  annual  town  meeting,  provide  that  thereafter  the  road  tax  assessed 
by  the  commissioners  of  highways  shall  be  collected  in  money  alone.  Persons  occupying 
land  on  both  sides  of  the  highway  are  entitled  to  make  a  crossing  under  the  highway,  by 
keeping  up  the  crossing  and  the  bridge  over  it  at  his  own  expense,  the  construction  being 
subject  to  the  consent  and  approval  of  the  commissioners  of  highways  of  the  towns. 

The  commissioners  of  highways  may  alter,  widen  or  vacate  any  road,  or  lay  out  any 
new  road  in  their  towns  when  petitioned  by  not  less  than  twelve  free-holders  residing  in 


264  GENERAL   HISTORY   OF   ILLINOIS. 

the  town  and  within  three  miles  of  the  road  to  be  altered,  widened,  vacated  or  laid  out. 
For  tlie  manner  of  proceeding  in  such  cases  reference  should  be  had  to  the  statute,  and 
also  for  the  manner  of  dividing,  allotting  and  keeping  in  repair  town  lines,  and  of  con- 
structing and  repairing  bridges. 

FENCES. 

The  town  assessor  and  commissioners  of  highways  are  ex  o^eio  fence  viewers  in  their 
respective  towns,  in  counties  under  township  organization.  Lawful  fences  are  four  and 
one-half  feet  high,  in  good  rejiair  and  consist  of  rails,  timber,  boards,  stone,  hedges  or 
whatever  the  fence  viewers  of  the  town  shall  consider  equivalent  tliereto  :  or  the  electors 
may  determine,  at  the  annual  town  meeting,  what  shall  constitute  a  legal  fence  in  the 
town.  Adjoining  ownei-s  must  maintain  a  fair  proportion  of  the  di\nsion  fence,  unless 
one  of  them  chooses  to  let  his  lands  lie  open  :  and  if  they  built  the  fence  by  mutual 
agreement,  neither  may  remove  his  part  of  the  fence  while  he  uses  his  land  for  farm  pur- 
poses or  until  he  has  given  the  other  party  one  year's  notice  in  writing  of  his  intention 
to  move  the  fence.  When  an  adjoining  owner  encloses. his  land  upon  the  enclosure  of 
another,  he  must  immediately  build  his  proportion  of  the  division  fence  or  refund  to  the 
other  a  just  proportion  of  the  value  of  the  fence,  to  be  determined  by  the  fence  viewers 
of  the  town.  If  any  one  neglects  to  repair  or  build  the  part  of  the  fence  he  ought  to 
maintain,  the  fence  viewers,  on  complaint  to  them,  and  after  examining  the  fence,  will 
notify  him  to  build  or  repair  the  same  in  a  reasonable  time.  If  adjoining  owners  can  not 
agree  on  the  portion  of  the  division  fence  to  be  made  or  maintained  by  either,  each  may 
choose  a  fence  viewer  of  the  town  or  precinct,  and  if  one  neglects,  after  eight  days' 
notice  in  writing,  to  make  such  choice,  tlie  other  may  select  both  fence  viewers  ;  and  the 
fence  viewers,  so  chosen,  should  settle  the  dispute  and  distinctly  mark  and  define  the 
proportion  of  the  fence  to  be  made  or  maintained  by  each.  And  if  one  neglects  to  re- 
pair or  build  the  portion  of  the  fence  which  it  is  his  duty  to  maintain  it  may  be  built  or 
repaired  at  his  expense  by  the  party  injured,  after  giving  sixty  days'  notice  in  writing 
that  a  new  fence  should  be  erected  or  ten  days'  notice  tiiat  the  fence  should  be  repaired. 
And  the  party  neglecting  will  be  liable  for  all  damages  that  accrue  through  his  neglect, 
the  amount  to  be  determined  l>y  two  fence  viewers,  selected  in  the  manner  aforesaid. 
Wljen  the  fence  is  destroyed  by  fire,  floods  or  other  casualty,  the  party  bound  to  repair 
the  fence  must  rebuild  it  within  ten  days  after  notified  to  do  so  by  any  person  inter- 
ested, and  if  he  neglects  to  do  so  it  may  be  repaired  at  his  expense  by  the  other  party. 
Any  one  wishing  to  have  his  lands  lie  open  may  remove  his  portion  of  tlie  fence  after 
giving  the  other  i)arty  one  year's  notice,  in  writing,  of  his  intention  to  do  so,  unless  the 
adjoining  owner  causes  the  value  of  the  fence  to  be  ascertained  by  the  fence  viewers  and 
pay  or  tender  the  same  to  such  owner.  Whoever  removes  such  a  fence  without  notice 
must  make  good  all  the  damages  sustained  thereby. 

If  a  person  finds  on  running  a  division  line  that  he  built  his  fence  on  another's  land 
by  mistake,  he  may  remove  the  fence  within  six  montlis  after  the  line  was  run  ;  but  it 
can  not  be  removed  at  a  time  that  woulcl  expose  the  crops  of  another.  In  such  a  case  it 
may  be  removed  after  they  are  secured,  and  witliin  a  rea.sonable  time,  although  the  six 
months  have  passed.  If  any  domestic  animal  breaks  into  an  inclosure  through  a  good 
and  sufficient  fence,  the  owner  of  the  animal  is  liable  in  an  action  of  trespass  for  all 
damage  done.  This  does  not  re(juire  such  a  fence  in  order  to  recover  for  injuries  done 
by  animals  running  at  large  contrary  to  law.  The  owner  of  lamls  may  take  into  posses- 
sion any  domestic  animals  trespassing  upon  his  premises,  and  keep  tliem  until  his 
damages  and  reasonable  charges  for  keeping  and  feeding  and  costs  of  suit  are  paid  ;  pro- 
vided he  gives  notice  to  the  owner  tiiereof  within  twenty-four  hours  after  taking  the 
animals  into  ids  pos.session  ;  if  the  owner  is  unknown,  he  sliould  nosl  notices  in  some 
pulilic  place  near  the  premises. 


GENERAL   HISTORY   OF  ILLINOIS.  2F>F> 

PAT7PEBS. 

Poor  people,  unable  to  earn  a  living  in  consequence  of  any  bodily  infirmity,  idiocy, 
lunacy  or  other  unavoidable  cause,  must  be  supported  by  their  relatives,  if  of  sufiScient 
ability,  and  the  obligation  rests  first,  upon  the  children ;  next,  upon  the  parents ;  next, 
upon  the  brothers  and  sisters;  next,  upon  the  grandchildren  ;  and  lastly,  upon  the  grand- 
pai'ents.  But,  if  any  one  becomes  a  pauper  from  intemperance  or  other  bad  conduct,  he 
is  not  entitled  to  support  from  any  relation,  except  parent  or  child.  If  relatives  liable  to 
support  a  pauper  fail  to  do  so,  it  is  the  duty  of  the  State's  attorney  or  of  the  overseer 
of  the  poor  to  complain  of  them  to  the  County  Court  and  have  them  prosecuted.  If  rel- 
atives of  one  degree  can  not  support  such  poor  person,  the  court  may  direct  relatives  of 
different  degrees  to  maintain  him.  Every  county  must  support  its  own  poor.  Every 
town,  in  counties  where  the  poor  are  supported  by  towns,  must  support  its  own  poor. 
Whoever  brings  a  pauper  into  a  county  where  he  is  not  lawfully  settled,  knowing  him  to 
be  a  pauper,  forfeits  $100  for  every  offense.  The  overseers  of  the  poor  have  the  care  of 
paupers  not  supported  by  their  relatives  or  at  the  county  poor  house,  and  should  see  that 
they  are  suitably  relieved,  supported  and  employed,  and  they  may  render  poor  people, 
who  do  not  require  to  be  wholl}^  supported  by  the  county,  temporary  relief.  When  the 
county  has  provided  a  suitable  poor  house,  paupers  requiring  the  care  of  the  county  must 
be  supported  there.  Paupers  can  only  vote  in  the  precinct  where  they  resided  next 
prior  to  becoming  an  inmate  of  the  poor  house,  insane  asylum  or  hospital. 

DRAINAGE. 

There  are  two  drainage  acts  in  force  in  this  State,  the  first  approved  and  in  force 
May  29,  1879,  and  the  second  approved  May  29,  1879,  and  in  force  July  1,  1879.  They 
are  not  intended  to  conflict  with  each  other ;  either  may  be  followed. 

The  first  provides  that  drainage  districts  may  be  organized  and  established  on  peti- 
tion of  a  majority  of  the  owners  of  the  land  in  the  proposed  district  and  who  own  one- 
third  of  it,  for  the  purpose  of  constructing  drains,  ditches,  levees  or  other  works  for 
agricultural,  sanitary  or  mining  purposes,  or  to  maintain  and  keep  in  repair  any  such 
works  already  constructed.  If  the  court  is  satisfied  of  the  necessity  of  the  work,  it 
appoints  three  disinterested  persons  as  commissioners  to  lay  out  and  construct  such  pro- 
posed work.  If  the  lands  are  situated  in  different  counties,  not  more  than  two  commis- 
sioners shall  be  chosen  from  one  county.  A  majority  of  the  commissioners  may  act. 
They  should  examine  land  proposed  to  be  drained  or  protected,  and  the  lands  on  which 
the  work  is  to  be  constructed,  and  determine  the  best  location  for  the  work,  its  probable 
cost,  the  annual  cost  of  keeping  it  in  repair,  what  lands  will  be  injured  thereby  and  what 
damage  they  will  sustain,  what  lands  will  benefited  and  how  much,  and  whether  the 
benefits  will  equal  or  exceed  the  cost  of  the  work,  including  incidental  expenses.  If  the 
petition  is  for  the  maintenance  of  a  work  already  constructed,  the  commissioners  should 
determine  whether  the  work,  with  proper  repairs,  can  be  made  suflScient  to  permanently 
protect  the  lands  from  water,  the  annual  expense  of  keeping  up  repairs,  what  lands  will 
be  benefited,  whether  the  annual  amount  of  benefits  will  equal  or  exceed  the  annual  cost 
of  repairs,  including  incidental  expenses,  and  what  lands,  if  any,  outside  of  the  proposed 
district,  will  be  affected  by  the  work.  If  the  outlay  for  the  proposed  work,  or  so  much 
of  it  as  will  be  satisfactory  to  the  petitioners,  does  not  exceed  the  benefits,  the  work  will 
be  carried  out.  In  that  case,  the  commissioners  will  make  proper  surveys,  profiles,  plans 
and  specifications,  and  report  the  same  to  the  court.  Any  one  interested  may  object  to 
the  report.  Upon  the  confirmation  of  the  report  by  the  court,  the  district  is  organized  as 
a  drainage  district  by  the  name  mentioned  in  the  petition,  and  it  becomes  a  body  politic 
and  corporate,  with  the  right  to  sue  and  be  sued,  and  to  have  a  corporate  seal  and  per- 
petual succession.     And  the  said  commissioners  and  their  successors  shall  constitute  the 


2.'>6  nKNKRAI,   HISTORY   OF  ILLINOIS 

corporate  authorities  of  such  drainage  district.  A  jury  is  then  empannelled  to  assess 
damapjes  and  benefits.  The  jury,  after  viewing  the  land  and  making  assessments,  ap- 
points a  time  to  hear  objections  to  their  assessment.  The  asses.sment,  when  found  cor- 
rect, or  after  being  coiTected  on  the  hearing,  is  confirmed  by  the  jury  and  handed  to 
the  commissioners,  who  return  it  within  ten  days  to  the  court  where  the  petition  was 
filed.  The  assessment  is  set  down  for  a  hearing  at  a  regular  term  of  the  court,  objections 
heard,  and  the  iussessment  confirmed.  If  the  court  finds  the  assessments  erroneous,  it 
will  correct  it  before  confirming  it.  After  the  organization  of  tlie  drainage  district,  the 
commissioners  have  power  to  contract  and  i)e  contracted  witli.  sue  and  be  sued,  plead 
and  be  impleaded,  and  to  do  all  other  things  in  the  corporate  name  necessary  to  accom- 
plish the  purposes  of  the  drainage  act.  They  collect  the  assessments  and  return  a  list  of 
delinquents  to  the  County  Collector  to  be  collected  as  other  taxes.  They  must  report  to 
the  court  which  appointed  them  once  a  year.  After  their  appointment,  tliey  may  go 
upon  the  lands  in  the  district  for  the  purpose  of  examining  them  and  making  phms,  plates 
and  surveys.  And  after  tiie  organization  of  the  district  and  payment  or  tender  of  com- 
pensation allowed,  they  may  go  upon  the  land  with  their  workmen  and  construct  the 
work  ;  and  may  forever  after  enter  upon  the  land  for  the  purpose  of  maintaining  or 
repairing  the  work. 

Tiie  commissioners  of  higliwajs  also  have  power  to  locate  and  establish  drains  to  be 
built  and  kept  up  at  the  cost  of  tlie  parties  petitioning  therefor,  and  for  tliis  purpose 
highway  commissioners  are  drainage  commissioners  within  their  respective  districts. 
When  any  owner  or  owners  of  lands  desii'e  to  construct  a  drain,  or  permanently  establish 
a  drain  already  constructed,  leading  over  or  upon  the  land  of  another  jierson  who  will 
not  consent  to  the  establishing  of  the  proposed  drain,  they  should  petition  the  commis- 
sioner of  highways  for  that  purpose.  Upon  receiving  tiie  petition  tiie  commissioner  will 
appoint  a  time  to  examine  the  location  of  the  drain  and  hear  reasons  for  or  against  the 
proposed  improvement.  They  may  decide  to  approve  the  drain  as  prayed  for  in  the  peti- 
tion, or  to  approve  it  with  some  changes,  and  then  return  to  the  town  clerk  their  decision 
and  their  order  locating  or  establishing  the  drain.  If  the  petitioners  then  desire  to  con- 
struct the  drain  as  established,  they  should  within  a  year  file  with  any  justice  of  the 
peace  of  the  town  a  copy  of  the  record  from  the  town  clerk's  office,  and  also  an  affidavit 
setting  forth  the  names  of  the  owners  of  the  land  and  the  lands  over  which  the  proposed 
drain  is  to  run,  and  tiie  justice  will  empannel  a  jury  to  ivssess  the  damages  to  such  lands, 
and  upon  payment  of  tlie  damages  assessed  the  petitioners  liave  the  rigiii  to  enter  upon 
the  lands  for  llie  purpose  of  constructing  the  work,  and  forever  after,  at  all  times  and 
seasons,  for  tlie  purpose  of  repairing,  cleansing,  opening,  or  deepening  tiie  said  drain. 

The  drainage  act  approved  May  29,  1879,  and  in  force  July  1,  1879,  jirovides  that 
the  commissioners  of  highways  in  counties  under  township  organization  sliall  be  drainage 
commissioners  in  and  for  their  respective  townsiiips,  and  as  sueli  siiall  be  a  body  politic 
and  corporate,  and  be  the  corporate  autiiorities  of  all  drainage  districts  within  their 
townships.  Tlie  town  clerk  is  their  clerk.  Their  duties  are  very  similar  to  the  duties 
of  drainage  commissioners  as  provided  for  in  the  previous  act,  and  the  inoile  provitled  for 
organizing  drainage  districts  and  estaiiiishing,  constructing,  maintaining,  and  repairing 
drains,  ditches  and  levees,  is  very  similar  to  that  prescribed  in  tiie  preceding  act. 

If  the  proposed  drainage  district  lies  in  two  counties  the  petition  should  be  filed  in 
the  office  of  the  clerk  of  that  lioard  of  commissioners  in  whose  juri.sdiction  the  greater 
part  of  the  lands  lie.  If  a  district  is  organized  liotii  boards  of  commissioners  will  consti- 
tute the  drainage  commissioners.  Proceedings  for  condemnation  of  right  of  way  and  as- 
sessment oT  damages  must  be  had  in  tiie  county  where  tlie  lands  affected  are  situated. 

Special  drainage  districts  may  be  formed  on  jietition  of  a  majority  of  tlic  owners  of 
the  land  and  owners  of  more  than  one-third  in  area  of  territory  lying  in  more  than  two 
townships  in  tiie  same  or  different  counties  under  township  organization,  or  lying  partial- 


GENERAL   HISTORY   OF   ILLINOIS.  _  257 

ly  in  more  than  two  townships  in  a  county  under  township  organization  and  partly  in 
a  county  not  under  township  organization,  said  petition  to  be  filed  in  the  office  of  the 
clerk  of  the  county  where  tlie  greater  part  of  tlie  land  is  situated.  The  further  proceed- 
ings for  the  organization  of  special  drainage  districts  conforms  to  the  requirements  of  the 
act  in  relation  to  regular  drainage  districts.  After  the  organization  of  the  special  drain- 
age district  the  drainage  commissioners  are  elected  b}^  the  inhabitants  of  the  district. 
The  commissioners  should  then  proceed  to  locate  the  drains,  procure  the  I'ight  of  way, 
institute  proceedings  therefor,  and  for  assessment  of  damages  and  benefits,  etc.,  and  in 
all  their  proceedings  they  are  governed  by  the  provisions  of  the  act  relating  to  the  powers 
and  duties  of  drainage  commissioners  of  townships. 

SURVEYORS   AND   SURVEYS. 

County  surve3'ors  may  appoint  deputies  who  may  perform  any  of  the  duties  of  the 
office ;  and  any  acts  done  by  them  are  as  valid  as  if  done  by  the  county  surveyor. 
Chainmen  and  other  persons  must  be  employed  by  the  person  requiring  the  survey  done. 
The  chainmen  must  be  disinterested,  and  approved  of  by  the  surveyor  and  sworn  by 
him  to  measure  justly  and  impartially.  It  is  the  surveyor's  duty,  either  by  himself  or 
deputy,  to  make  all  surveys  that  he  may  be  called  upon  to  make,  as  soon  as  may  be  after 
application ;  and  he  must  make  the  surveys  in  accordance  with  the  original  surve3's  and 
the  laws  of  the  United  States  governing  surveys.  And  when  requested  he  must  furnish 
the  person  for  whom  the  survey  is  made  with  a  copy  of  the  original  field  notes  or  plat  of 
the  survey.  He  must  keep  a  book  for  public  inspection  containing  every  survey  made 
by  him,  the  date  of  the  survey,  the  name  of  the  person  whose  land  is  surveyed,  the 
metes  and  bounds  of  the  land,  and  the  date  on  which  the  survey  is  made.  A  certified 
copy  of  this  book  under  the  hand  of  the  surveyor  is  prima  fade  evidence  of  the  facts 
therein  stated.  No  record  or  act  of  any  surveyor  or  his  deputy  is  conclusive,  but  may 
be  received  by  any  competent  tribunal. 

CHURCH    ORGANIZATION. 

Any  church,  society  or  congregation,  formed  for  the  purpose  of  religious  worship, 
may  become  incorporated  by  electing  or  appointing,  according  to  its  usages,  at  a  meeting 
held  for  that  purpose,  two  of  its  members  trustees,  wardens,  vestrymen  or  other  officers 
whose  powers  and  duties  are  similar  to  those  of  trustees ;  and  at  such  meeting  it  may 
adopt  a  corporate  name.  The  secretary  or  chairman  of  the  meeting  should  file  for  record 
in  the  office  of  the  recorder  of  deeds  in  the  county  where  the  church,  society  or  congre- 
gation is  organized  an  affidavit  substantially  in  the  following  form  : 

State  of  Illinois,  ) 

County.  |  ^^• 

I, ,  do  solemnly  swear,  that  at  a  meeting  of  the  members  of  the  (here  insert 

the  name  of  the  church,  society  or  congregation  as  known  before  incorporation)  held  at 

(here  insert  place   of  meeting)  in  the  county  of and  State  of  Illinois  on  the 

day  of  A.  D.  1>' — ,  for  that  purpose,  the  following  persons  to  wit :  (here 

insert  their  names)  were  elected  (or  appointed)  trustees,  (or  wardens,  vestrymen  or  other 
officers)  according  to  the  rules  and  usages  of  such  church  (congregation  or  society). 
And  said  church  (or  society  or  congregation)  adopted  as  its  corporate  name  (here  insert 
the  name).     And  at  said  meeting  this  affiant  acted  as  (chairman  or  secretary). 

(Name  of  affiant). 

Subscribed  and  sworn  to  before  me  this day  of  A.  D.  18 — . 

Upon  filing  this  affidavit,  as  aforesaid,  the  church,  society  or  congregation  becomes 
a  body  politic  or  corporate,  by  the  name  so  adopted.  The  property  of  the  old  organiza- 
tion vests  in  the  new  corporation.  It  may  acquire  by  gift,  devise  or  purchase  real  estate 
not  exceeding  ten  acres  in  quantity  and  erect  suitable  buildings  thereon ;  and  for  camp- 


•2o8  GENERAL   HISTORY   OF   ILLINOIS. 

meeting  purposes  it  may  acquire  not  exceeding  forty  acres  and  put  such  improvements 
thereon  as  may  be  necessary  for  its  comfort  and  convenience.  It  may  publish  and  cir- 
culate religious  books,  tracts,  etc.  Existing  societies  may  become  organized  under  this 
act. 


To  C.  S. 


MISCELLANEOUS  FORMS. 

FORM   OF   AN   ORDER. 
Pay  to  the  order  of  E.  F.  on  demand,  one  hundred  dollars.     A.  B. 


FORM  OF   RECEIPT. 

$50 ,%  Peoria,  lU.,  Jan'y  1st,  1880. 

Received  from  C.  D.  fifty  dollars  to  apply  on  account.      A.  B. 

FORM  OF  BELL  OF  SALE  OR  PURCHASE. 

Know  all  men  by  these  presents,  that of  the  town   of- 


in  the  County  of and  State  of in  consideration  of  the  sum  of 

dollars,  to paid  V)y the  receipt  whereof  is  hereby  acknowledged, 

do  hereby  grant  and  sell  and  convey  unto  the  said and  to heirs, 

executors,  administrators  and  assigns,  the  following  goods  and  chattels,  to  wit : 

To  liave  and  to  hold  the  said  goods  and  chattels  unto  the  said and 

lieirs,  executors,  administrators  and   assigns,   to and  their  sole  use,  forever.  And 

the  said ,  vendor,  herein,  for and heirs,  executors,  admin- 
istrators and  assigns,  do  hereb}'  covenant  to  and  with  the  said liis  heirs  exe- 
cutors, adminiitrators  and  assigns,  that  said  vendor lawfully  possessed  of  the 

said  goods  and  chattels  as  of own  property,  that  the  same  are  free  from  all  in- 
cumbrances, and  that will,  and heirs,  executors  and  administrators  shall, 

warrant  and  defend  the  same,  against  the  lawful  claims  and  demands  of  all  persons. 

Witness  the  hand  and  seal  of  the  vendor  tiiis day  of A.  D.  IS — . 

[seal.] 
form  of  articles  ok  agreement. 

This  agreement  made  this day  of A.  D.  18  — between of  the 

County  of in  the  State  of and of  the  County  of and  State    of 

\\'ilnesseth : 

That  the  said ,  for  the  consideration   hereinafter  mentioned,  agrees  to 

(here  state  wliat  he  agrees  to  do  on  his  part), And   in  consideration, 

whereof,  the  saiil agrees  to (here  insert  his  undertaking.) 

In  witness  whereof  said  parties  have  hereto  attached  their  hands. 

[signatures.] 

form  op  agreement  for  sai^e  of  real  estate. 

Articles  of  agreement  entered  into  this day  of A.  D.  18  — ,  between 

A.  B. of  the  County  of in  the   State  of and C.  D. of 

the  County  of in  the  State  of- 


A.  B.  agrees  to  sell  to  C.  D.  the  following  described  premises,  to  wit ; 


for  the  sum  of dollars  to  be  paid  as  hereinafter  stated,  and  on  the day  of A.  D. 

18  —  at to  execute  to  C.  D.  a  good  and    sufficient   deed    of  conveyance,  in    fee 

simple,  free  from  all  incumbrances,  with  full  covenants  of  warranty  for  tlie  above  de- 


GENERAL   HISTORY   OF   ILLINOIS.  259 

scribed  premises,  and  upon  the  execution  of  said  deed  to  put  him  into  the  quiet  and 
peaceable  possession  of  said  premises. 

And  C.  D.  agrees  that  on  the  execution  of  said  deed  of  conveyance  and  on  said 

day  of A.  D.  18  —  he  will  (here  insert  in  what  way  CD.  agrees  to  pay  the  con- 
sideration, whether  cash  in  hand,  note  secured  by  mortgage  or  how). 

And  said  parties  bind  themselves  each  to  the  other,  in  the  sum  of dollars, 

whicli  they  hereby  fix  and  liquidate  as  the  amount  of  damages  to  be  paid  by  the  party 
failing  to  keep  this  contract,  for  his  non-performance,  to  the  other  party. 

The  stipulations  herein  contained  shall  extend  to  and  be  binding  upon  the  heirs, 
executors,  administrators,  and  assigns  of  the  parties  hereto. 


A.  B. 
C.  D. 


FOEM  OP  BOND 


Know  all  men  by  these  presents,  that of  the   County  of and 

State  of is  held  and  firmly  bound   unto of  the  County  of 

and  State  of in  the  penal  sum  of dollars,  to  be  paid  unto  the  said 

his  heirs,  executors,  administrators  or  assigns  to  which  payment  well  and  truly  to  be 


made,  I  bind  myself,  my  heirs,  executors,  administrators  and  every  one  of  them  firmly  by 

these  presents. 

Sealed  with  my  seal  and  dated  this day  of A.  D.  18  — 

The  condition  of  the  above  obligation  is  such,  that,  whereas  the  above  bounden 

has (here  insert  what  the  principal  in  the  bond  is  to  do.) 

Now  if  the  said shall  well   and  trulj^  keep,   observe  and  perform   his 

covenants  and  agreements  herein  contained  on  his  part  to  be  kept  and  performed,  then 

this  obligation  to  be  void,  otherwise  to  remain  in  full  force  and  effect. 

[seal.] 
form  of  release. 

Know  all  men  by  these  presents,  that ,  of  the  County  of ,  and 

State  of ,  for  and  in  consideration  of  one  dollar,  and  for  other  good  and  valuable 

considerations,  the  receipt  whereof  is  hereby  acknowledged,  does  hereby  grant,   remise, 

release  and  quit-claim  unto ,  of  the  County  of ,  and  State  of , 

all  the  right,  title,  interest,  claim  and  demand  whatsoever may  have  acquired,  in, 

through  or  by  a  certain deed,  bearing  date  the day  of ,  A.  D.,  18 — ,  and 

recorded  in  the  recorder's  office  of County,  in  book ,  page of rec- 
ords, to  the  premises  therein  described,  as  follows,  to- wit: 

together  with  all  the  appurtenances  and  privileges  thereunto  belonging  or  appertaining. 

Witness hand  and  seal  this day  of ,  A.  D.,  18 — . 

(Signature)   [seal.] 

GENERAL   FORM   OF   WILL. 

I,  A.  B. ,  of ,  in  the  County  of ,  and  State  of ,  do  make 

and  declare  this  to  be  my  last  will  and  testament ;  and  I  hereby  revoke  all  former  wills 
made  by  me. 

First.     I  direct  that  my  funeral  expenses  and  all  my  just  debts  be  fully  paid. 

Second.  I  give,  devise  and  bequeath  unto  my  beloved  wife, ,  in  addi- 
tion to  all  dower  interests  which  she  may  have  in  real  estate,  at  any  time,  owned  by  me, 
one  thousand  dollars  in  money,  to  be  paid  her  within  one  year  after  my  decease. 

Third.     I  give,  devise  and  bequeath  unto  my  beloved  son, ,  the  following 

described  real  estate,  to-wit : 


260  GENERAL   IIISTOKV    OK   I1.1,I.N(»IS 

Fourth.  I  give,  devise  and  bequeath  unto  my  beloved  daughters,  share  and  share 
alike,  niv  liome  farm,  described  as  follows,  to-wit : 

Fifth.  All  the  residue  of  my  property  of  every  kind  and  description,  I  give  and 
devise  unto  my  said  children,  to  be  divided  in  equal  jjart^  between  them. 

Sixth.     I  hereby  constitute  and  appoint  my  said  wife, ,  and  my  said  son, 

,  executors  of  this  will. 

In  witness  whereof  I,  A.  B.,  have  hereunto  set  my  hand  and  seal  thi.* dav  of 

.  A.  D.,  18—.  A.  B.  [seal.]" 

Signed,  sealed,  published  and  declared  by  the  said  A.  B.  as  and  for  his  last  will  and 
testament  in  the  presence  of  us,  who,  in  his  presence,  and  in  the  presence  of  each  other, 
and  at  his  request,  have  subscribed  our  name^  as  witnesses  thereto. 

J.  G.  )  State  here  residence 
R.  S.  (      of  each  witness. 

FORM   OF   CODICIL. 

Whereas,  I,  A.  B.,  of  the  County  of ,  and  State  of  ,  did  make  my 

last  will  in  writing,  bearing  date  the day  of ,  18 — ,  and  did  thereby  provide 

(here  insert  the  provision  proposed  to  be  changed). 

Now,  instead  of  said  provision,  I  give,  devise  and  bequeath  to,  etc. 

And  I  declare  this  to  be  a  codicil  to  my  said  last  will  and  testament. 

In  witness  whereof  I,  A.  B.,  have  hereunto  set  niv  hand   and   seal   this dav  of 

,  A.  D.,  18—.  '  A.  B.  [seal.]  " 

Signed,  sealed,  published  and  declared  by  the  said  A.  B.,  as  and  for  a  codicil  to  his 
last  will  and  testament  in  the  presence  of  us,  who,  in  his  presence,  and  in  the  presence 
of  each  other,  and  at  his  request,  have  subscribed  our  names  as  witnesses  thereto. 

M.  P.  )  Here  state  residence 
W.  H.  i      of  each  witness. 


PART     III 


History  of  Peoria  County. 


PROLOGUE. 

Less  than  three-quarters  of  a  century  ago,  the  territory  included  in  Peoria  county 
was  a  wilderness,  to  the  interior  of  which  no  white  man  had  ever  penetrated.  From  a 
savage  wild,  marked  only  by  the  Indian  villages  and  traces  of  the  bloody  conflicts  of  their 
tribes,  the  histories  of  which  were  recorded  on  rude,  unspeaking  tablets  of  stone  or  in 
dumb  mounds  of  earth,  the  wilderness  has  become  a  center  of  civilization — the  home 
and  school  of  soldiers,  statesmen,  scientists,  learned  judges,  eloquent  ministers,  dis- 
tinguished orators — men  known  and  honored,  not  only  at  home,  but  among  the  titled 
dignitaries  of  the  old  world.  Schools,  colleges,  churches  and  busy  manufactories,  highly 
cultivated  and  princely  farms  and  farm  houses,  mark  the  camping  places  and  battle 
grounds  of  the  wild  red  men  who  once  held  dominion  over  these  prairie  plains,  forest- 
covered  hills  and  picturesque  valleys.  Cities,  towns  and  villages  occupy  the  places  once 
dotted  over  with  Indian  wigwams.  Great  iron  bridges,  triumphs  of  engineei-ing  skill, 
span  the  rivers  where  once  bark  canoes  served  as  ferries  for  the  wild  men,  their  women 
and  children.  The  stillness  of  morning  hours,  once  awakened  by  the  guttural  tones  of 
savage  hordes,  is  now  broken  by  the  music  of  steam-driven  printing  presses,  from 
which  a  daily  epitome  of  the  world's  history  is  issued  with  the  rising  of  every  sun. 
Railroad  and  telegraph  lines,  adjuncts  and  agencies  of  the  highest  type  of  civilization 
and  intelligence,  mark  the  courses  of  the  trails  the  Indians  made  from  village  to  village, 
from  forest  to  stream,  or  "over  the  hills  and  far  away." 

Of  the  land-marks  of  the  "  long  ago,"  but  few  are  left  as  the  children  of  the  forest 
and  prairie  wilds  left  them,  when  white  men  despoiled  them  of  their  possessions,  and 
drove  them  to  other  homes  and  hunting  grounds. 

There  are  a  few  person  still  living  in  Peoria  county  who  witnessed  the  sight  of  a 
remnant  of  a  race  of  men  departing  forever  from  their  early  homes,  and  some  of  them, 
as  well  as  some  of  the  j^ounger  generation,  will,  no  doubt,  be  disposed  to  sneer  at  the  pen 
which  finds  a  source  of  melancholy  in  the  contemptation  of  such  an  event.  But  great 
minds  have  suggested,  and  worthy  hands  have  written  lines  of  living  power  upon  this 
theme ;  nor  can  the  harsh  character  of  fact  denude  the  subject  of  a  glamor  which  poetry 
and  romance  have  cast  around  the  dusky  victim  and  his  fate.  There  is  a  grandeur  in  the 
record  of  the  race  which  the  stern  force  of  truth  is  powerless  to  dispel. 

As  a  State  Illinois  dates  from  the  3d  day  of  December,  1818 — sixty-one  years  ago  in 
December  of  1879.  The  permanent  settlement  of  the  territory  included  in  Peoria  county 
commenced  in  the  Spring  of  1819 — a  little  more  than  sixty  years  ago,  at  the  time  of  this 
writing  (Sept.  1879),  so  that  the  admission  of  Illinois  as  a  State  and  the  settlement  of 
Peoria  county  by  Americans,  date  from  almost  the  same  time. 

These  sixty  years  have  been  full  of  change  and  of  history.  The  early  history  of  the 
Territory  and  of  the  State  has  been  as  elaborately  followed  as  the  compass  of  a  volume 


Ofio  mSTORY    OF    PKORIA    rOtNTT. 

of  this  character  will  permit,  and  we  come  now  to  the  local  histor}'  of  the  county. 
Fortunately  for  the  purposes  of  this  undertaking,  some  of  the  first  settlers  are  still  liv- 
ing, to  guide  our  thoughts  from  the  very  first  to  the  present.  Besides  venerable  and 
worthy  Josiah  Fclton,  there  are  still  others  of  the  pioneers  and  early  settlers  who  are 
within  accessible  range  of  the  writer,  so  that  he  hopes  this  part  of  his  offering  will  be 
accurate  and  complete  in  every  detail. 

If  a  reliable  history  of  the  county  is  ever  written,  it  must  be  written  while  those 
who  are  a  part  of  that  history  are  still  living.  One  by  one  they  are  passing  away,  and  it 
will  not  be  long  until  there  will  be  none  left  to  assist  in  gathering  up  the  fragments  of 
history  that  lie  scattered  along  the  course  of  six  decades.  "  If  we  had  realized,  in  those 
earlj-  daj's,"  remarked  one  of  the  these  pioneers  to  the  writer,  "  that  we  were  making 
history,  a  detailed  record  cf  events  would  have  been  transcripted  from  week  to  week. 
But  what  incentive  had  we  for  such  a  task  ?  There  were  no  startling  incidents  in  our 
daily  lives.  Many  of  us  came  here  supposing  this  would  only  be  a  temporar)-  abiding- 
place.  It  was  a  struggle  for  existence.  For  one  of  us  to  iiave  predicted  tlie  develop- 
ment of  the  country  to  its  present  condition  within  tlie  lifetime  of  any  of  the  settlei-s 
from  1820  to  1830,  or  even  later,  would  have  been  ample  ground  for  writing  him  down 
as  either  a  silly  dreamer  or  a  positive  lunatic.  We  began  on  so  small  a  scale  that  the 
idea  of  preserving  our  movements  in  the  form  of  a  record  never  entered  our  minds.  Had 
we  tlie  same  experience  to  go  through  with  again,  we  would  profit  by  our  mistakes  and 
negligences  of  the  past,  and  be  able  to  produce  reliable  data  for  the  historians  who  would 
come  after  us." 

The  history  of  a  county  is  usually  little  more  than  the  compilation  of  imperfect 
records,  partial  traditions  and  vague  legends.  Very  few  of  the  counties  have  preserved,  with 
proper  care,  the  archives  of  the  earliest  days  of  their  existence.  As  a  rule,  societj'  was 
crude,  and  men  were  unsuited  by  inexperience  to  places  of  oflBcial  responsibility.  No  one 
tjiought  the  careless  transcripts  of  primary  meetings  would  one  day  form  the  staple  of 
history.  The  duty  of  serit)e  was  irksome  to  most  of  the  pioneers,  when  necessity  com- 
pelled some  written  evidence  of  organizing  transactions  ;  and  short  and  incomplete  were 
the  minutes  of  almost  ever}'  public  .assembly. 

History  is  but  a  record  of  to-day,  when  time's  leaf  shall  have  been  turned  over  for 
to-morrow's  writing.  Each  act  in  one's  life  may  be  a  topic  of  importance  in  the  pages 
yet  to  be  written.  Nothing  is  too  trivial  or  uninteresting  in  tlie  routine  of  affairs  of 
those  who  mingle  witii  public  men,  to  be  unworthy  of  a  place  in  the  diary  of  the  local 
recorder  of  events.  Some  minor  matter  may  serve  to  corroborate  and  affirm  the  time  and 
method  of  a  far  greater  occurrence. 

Brief,  indeed,  were  tlie  days  between  the  era  of  savagery  and  the  era  of  civilization. 
But,  sliort  as  it  m.ay  seem,  the  intervening  period  of  time  was  sufiiiMent  for  the  sowing  of 
seeds  whicli  ripened  into  the  fulness  of  a  jjientiful  harvest.  The  iiand  of  intelligent  man 
was  lai<l  upon  this  region  but  yesterday  as  it  were ;  to-day,  one  beholds  the  finest  and 
best  tilled  farms,  the  richest  orchards,  the  most  substantial  buildings,  and  the  newest  im- 
plements of  husbandr}-  the  ingenuity  of  man  has  devised. 

Where  once  the  fierce  blasts  of  Winter  howled  with  increasing  velocity  over  unob- 
structed plains,  thick  groves  of  timber  now  stands  lus  barriers  between  man  and  the 
elements,  in  silent  protest  against  their  forces.  Modern  inventive  genius  has  found  a 
way  to  meet  the  requirements  for  fences.  The  mines  of  coal  that  underlie  nearly  every 
foot  of  the  county  afford  an  inexhaustible  supply  of  fuel,  so  that  the  timber  groves  are 
prized  more  for  the  sake  of  their  protective  qualities  than  for  the  intrinsic  wortli  of  their 
products.  Where  once  the  single  camp  fire  of  the  lonely  hunter  wreathed  its  slender 
spire  of  smoke  as  he  reposed,  solitary  and  silent,  near  the  haunts  of  the  deer,  now  ascend 
the  choking  fumes  of  many  furnaces,  as  they  glow  and  roar  in  the  busy  centers  of  manu- 
facture. 


HISTORY  OF   PEORIA   (.'OI'NTY.  263 

Wealth  has  succeeded  poverty,  and  privation  has  given  way  to  comfort.  The  chiklren 
of  the  pioneers  have  grown  up  surrounded  by  refining  influence,  and  bear  the  stamp  of 
training  in  a  broader  school  than  it  was  the  privilege  or  the  fortune  of  their  parents  to 
attend.  Books  and  music  have  their  appropriate  places  in  almost  every  farm-house,  and 
social  intercourse  is  no  longer  restricted  to  the  range  of  ox-cart  communication.  The 
finest  iiorses,  the  choicest  animals,  the  largest  herds  graze  in  rich  pastures.  It  is 
no  longer  necessar}'  to  "  turn  the  cattle  into  the  big  lot,"  as  one  of  the  pioneers  expressed 
his  early  method  as  caring  for  his  patient  oxen.  Fences  mark  the  boundaries  and  sub- 
division of  farms.  As  year  succeeded  year,  flocks  and  herds  increased  in  number  and 
condition,  and  are  still  increasing ;  and  the  markets  of  the  East,  nay,  of  Europe,  find 
profit  in  choosing  from  the  cattle  of  a  thousand  pastures. 

Where  the  settlers  were  compelled  to  traverse  the  country  overland,  ascend  or  de- 
scend the  river  for  hundreds  of  miles  for  flour  and  provisions,  consuming  days,  and  even 
weeks,  in  tedious  journeys,  there  are  now  busy  mills,  which,  besides  supplying  the  local 
needs  of  communities,  help  to  increase  the  commerce  of  the  country  by  shipments  to 
other  and  distant  localities.  Nor  is  it  longer  necessary  to  rely  upon  the  uncertain  visits 
of  neighbors  to  distant  post-offices  and  the  fortunate  possession  of  a  quarter  of  a  dollar,  to 
secure  a  letter  from  friends  in  the  old  home.  The  system  of  postal  delivery  reaches  the 
farther  limits  of  the  country,  and  letter  postage  is  reduced  from  twenty-five  cents  to  less 
than  one-eight  of  that  sum,  and  the  rapid  transit  of  news  matter  is  an  established  cer- 
tainty, accepted  without  astonishment,  or  even  a  second  thought.  From  surprise  and 
interest  manifested  when  the  mail  did  come,  it  has  changed  to  wonder  when  it  don't  come 
to  the  ver}-  minute  of  schedule  time.  From  an  occasional  weekly  newspaper,  taken  from 
some  of  the  older  States  forty  years  ago,  almost  every  household  reads  the  daily  and 
weekly  publications,  issued  from  steam  presses  in  their  own  midst.  These  publications, 
too,  take  high  rank  among  the  thousands  of  other  newspapers  of  tlie  State  and  nation. 
They  are  conducted  by  gentlemen  and  ladies  of  culture,  and  carry  the  news  from  the  four 
quarters  of  the  earth  to  the  remotest  hamlet.  Telegraphic  wires  bring  to  the  very  doors 
and  counting  rooms  of  liusiness  houses  tidings  from  the  great  commercial  centers,  and  tell 
producer  and  dealer  when  and  how  to  dispose  of  the  enormous  products  of  factory  and 
farm.  Telephones  connect  office  with  office  and  residence  with  residence,  so  that  friends 
living  in  remote  quarters  of  cities  can  visit  and  converse  with  friends  without  leaving 
their  respective  domiciles.  Banking  institutions  of  solid  worth  exist  in  almost  every 
town  and  village  in  the  count)',  and  monetary  matters  are  conducted  on  as  large  a  scale 
as  in  many  an  Eastern  city  founded  more  than  a  hundred  and  fifty  years  ago.  Social 
clubs  and  amusement  societies  relieve  the  routine  of  business  after  the  approved  methods 
of  cosmopolitans.  Secret  societies  flourish  and  celebrate  their  mystic  rites  in  richly- 
appointed  lodge  rooms,  and  hold  honored  rank  among  the  general  bodies  of  their  respec- 
tive orders. 

Social  circles  are  as  brilliant  and  cultured  in  character  as  any  that  grace  the  salons 
of  Eastern  capitals.  Wealtli  and  refinement  are  evidenced  in  the  bearing  of  the  people. 
The  honest  house-wife  of  the  olden  time  ma}'  look  with  distrust  upon  the  grander  dis- 
play of  civil  ceremonies,  but  is  powerless  to  stay  the  tide  as  it  sets  toward  the  oblitera- 
tion of  simple  habits.  There  may  be  much  truth  in  the  oft-repeated  assurance  that 
"girls  were  worth  more  in  the  early  days,"'  if  the  estimate  of  excellence  be  based  upon 
physical  prowess  and  domestic  "  faculty;"  but  it  must  be  remembered  that  each  genera- 
tion plays  its  separate  part  in  the  drama  of  life.     As  the  poet  has  written  of  individuals, 

"  *         *         ♦         All  the  world's  a  stage, 
And  all  the  men  and  women  merely  players  ; 
They  have  their  exits  and  their  entrances, 
And  one  man  in  his  time  plays  many  parts." 

So  is  society  constituted  upon  a  plan  that  places  each  succeeding  generation  or  division 


264  HT8TORT  OF  PEORIA  COUXTY. 

in  a  role  different  from  that  which  preceded  it.  The  standard  by  which  to  measure 
woman's  miglit  to-<lay  is  not  that  which  tested  her  qualities  as  a  pioneer,  but  ratlier  that 
which  proves  the  use  she  has  made  of  the  advantages  of  the  present.  It  would  be  as  just  to 
condemn  the  young  man  of  to-daj*  because  he  is  not  drilled  in  woodcraft  and  able  to  read 
the  marks  of  Nature  like  the  wild  red  man.  The  fathers  who  paved  the  way  for  the 
introduction  of  modern  ideas  needed,  perforce,  to  know  the  signs  b}-  which  the  Indian 
chief  governed  the  warriors  of  his  band.  But  those  symbols  are  obsolete  now,  and 
would  encumber  the  mind  with  useless  information. 

The  man  whose  genius  introduced  the  principles  of  mechanics  int*  the  working  of 
farms  signed  the  last  pages  of  the  first  volume  of  the  history  of  the  pioneers  and  inau- 
gurated a  new  era,  from  which  the  present  power  of  man  must  be  calculated.  The 
farmer  who  tills  a  tiiousand  acres  now,  is  surely  no  weaker  than  lie  whose  limits  were 
one  hundred  in  the  "  good  old  days."  Yet  the  muscular  development  has  not  increased 
duriniij  the  years  that  are  covered  by  this  history.  It  Ls  mind,  not  matter,  which  governs, 
and  the  tendency  of  this  age,  which  is  truly  termed  the  mediaeval,  is  to  produce  maxi- 
mum results  from  minimum  forces.  The  laborious  methods  of  planting  and  harvesting 
by  hand  have  given  way  to  the  more  admirable  plan  of  employing  mechanical  devices  to 
do  the  work. 

Peoria  count}'  ranks  her  neighboring  counties  in  just  the  degree  that  her  intelligence 
has  progressed.  The  end  is  far  away,  for  the  improvements  over  the  original  settlement 
are  insignificant  compared  with  the  capalnlities  of  her  men  and  the  possibilities  of  her 
resources.  Nature  has  lavished  abundant  wealth  upon  her,  and  it  remains  for  man  to 
extract  it  from  the  eartli.  The  farms  are  inexhaustible  in  productive  returns,  if  properly 
cultivated.  The  future  promises  much  more  marked  changes  in  every  branch  of  trade 
and  commerce,  and  there  remains  for  her  inhabitants  a  golden  and  enviable  harvest 
of  results. 

Pleasant  for  situation,  rich  in  material  wealth,  peopled  b}-  intelligent  men  and 
abounding  in  an  atmosphere  of  mental  health,  the  County  of  Peoria  is  destined  to  occu- 
py, in  time  to  come  as  it  has  in  the  past,  a  leading  position  in  the  Great  Northwest.  The 
responsiljility  of  working  out  and  maintaining  this  destiny  is  entrusted  to  good  and  true 
men  ;  and  the  dawn  of  the  twentieth  century  will  behold  in  this  fair  region  a  source  of 
constant  pride. 

To  the  brave  pioneers  who  planted  the  standard  of  civilization  in  the  fairest  part  of 
the  country  of  the  Peorias,  Pottawatomies  and  Kickapoos,  and  the  early  and  subsequent 
settlers  who  followed  them  until  the  wilderness  was  reduced  to  fruitful  fields,  belongs 
the  honor  of  working  out  the  great  changes  herein  noted.  To  the  men  and  women  who 
came  and  dwelt  in  sod  houses  and  log  caliins,  who  subsisted  on  hominy  and  wild  game 
till  farms  were  started  and  made  sufliciently  productive  to  afford  better  fare  ;  who  slept 
on  prairie  bedsteads ;  who  clothed  their  feet  in  buckskin  muccasins,  and  their  bodies  in 
garments  of  the  same,  or  fabrics  entirely  the  result  of  their  own  handiwork,  belongs  the 
honor  of  laying  the  foundations  of  and  giving  strength  and  vitality  to  that  forward  move- 
ment that  filled  the  country  with  wealth  and  jirosju'rity.  Tiiey  began  the  work  of  con- 
verting the  wild  lands  into  civilized  abodes  with  no  other  assistam-e  than  stout  hearts 
and  i)rawny  arms.  The  patient  ox,  the  sharp  axe,  the  primitive  hoe,  the  old-fashioned  hand 
sickle,  grain  cradle,  and  the  .scythe  were  their  only  dependence.  Machine  art  in  the  cultiva- 
tion of  farms  was  but  an  embryo  thought  in  the  minds  of  inventors,  and  those  who  favored 
the  develoiiinent  of  that  thought  into  the  perfection  of  machinery  for  planting,  tilling 
and  harvesting  crops  of  grain,  and  its  innovation  upon  time-followed  customs,  were  ta- 
booed and  regarded  with  jiitiful  astonishment. 

Hut  more  than  all  else,  the  pioneers  who  made  the  first  bold  strokes  for  homes  in  the 
beautiful  country  of  the  Peorias  were  almost  without  an  exception,  poor.  Had  there 
been  unlimited  numbers  of  approved  appliances  for  agriculture  at  their  very  doors,  they 


HISTORY  OF  PEORIA   COUNTY.  265 

could  not  have  availed  themselves  of  the  opportunities  from  lack  of  means.  And  there- 
in lies  the  pith  and  marrow  of  tlie  credit  due  this  advance  guard.  From  nothing  but 
that  which  nature  lavishly  supplied,  they  builded  strong  and  well.  They 
labored  with  the  industrious  energy  of  heroes,  and  deserved  the  reward  of  veterans. 

The  speculator  and  the  capitalist  who  bought  large  tracts  of  laud  and  allowed  it  to 
remain  as  nature  left  it,  never  added  a  single  dollar  to  the  acquired  wealth  of  the 
country.  Their  possessions  increase  in  value  as  the  pioneers  and  early  settlers  improved 
the  lands  upon  which  they  settled  to  make  homes.  Not  to  the  men  who,  by  some  turn 
of  fortune's  wheel  become  possessed  of  "  corner  lots '"  and  hold  them  for  an  advance  in 
prices,  belongs  the  honor  of  building  cities,  but  to  the  liberal,  sometimes  almost 
reckless,  enterprising  men  with  more  heart  and  energy  than  love  of  gain,  is  that  honor 
due. 

There  is  still  another  class  that  play  a  conspicuous  part  in  the  growth,  development 
and  progress  of  countrj',  towns  and  cities,  and  that  is  the  bold,  ambitious  men  who  start 
pioneer  newspapers.  We  say  start,  because  but  few  of  them  continue  their  undertakings 
for  any  great  length  of  time.  Their  effoi-ts  are  not  appreciated,  and  their  journals  are  al- 
lowed to  die  for  want  of  support.  The  sickliest  issue  of  the  sickliest  newspaper  ever 
printed  accomplishes  more  to  invite  attention  to  the  locality  in  which  it  is  published, 
than  a  thousand  letters  from  friends  to  friends.  There  is  not  a  newspaper  printed  in 
Peoria  county  to-day,  no  matter  liow  dyspeptic  or  seemingly  reckless  its  editor,  but  is 
doing  more  to  foster  the  country's  "  boom,"  maintain  its  supremacy  and  encourage  the 
enterprises  of  big  hearted  men  than  all  other  agencies  combined.  And  yet  no  class  of 
men  receive  a  stingier  acknowledgment.  Uncounted  thousands  of  dollars  have  been 
sunk,  ambitions  crushed,  constitutions  shattered  and  lives  wasted  by  individuals  in  news- 
paper enterprises,  but  these  personal  sacrifices  have  always  been  the  country's  gain.  The 
pioneer  journalists  are  civilization's  most  faithful  sentinels,  and  their  memory  deserves  to 
be  enthroned  in  the  grateful  hearts  of  an  intelligent  posterity. 


CHAPTER  I. 

GEOLOGY  OF  PEORIA  COUNTY. 

Area  —  Coal    Measures — Progression  —  Archeology  —  Origin    of    the    Prairies  —  Economical    Geology — Private 
Collections. 

[The  author  of  this  chapter,  Mr.  William  Gifford,  of  Radnor  township,  has  been  a  resident  of  Peoria  county  for 
nearly  half  a  century.  Mr.  Gifford  began  the  study  of  geology  in  early  life,  and  the  cultivation  of  his  innate  scientific 
taste  developed  the  desire  for  research  and  investigation  almost  to  a  passion  ;  and  though  he  is  far  advanced  in  years 
his  thirst  for  knowledge  is  unabated.  While  searching  out  the  hidden  mysteries  and  unlocking  the  secrets  of  the 
hills  and  rocks  in  Peoria  and  other  counties.  Mr.  G.  has  surrounded  himself  with  the  best  works  of  the  ablest  authors 
on  his  favorite  science,  and  hence  comes  to  the  task  fully  prepared  to  speak  authoritatively,  and  to  instruct  and  edify. 
"The  article  will  be  found  concise,  able  and  accurate,  and  well  worth  a  careful  perusal."  —  Ed.1 

AREA. 

Peoria  county  contains  an  area  of  about  six  hundred  and  thirty  square  miles.  As  an 
agricultural  region  it  takes  rank  with  the  best  counties  in  the  State. 

The  cretaceous  and  tertiary  periods  are  not  represented  in  this  or  adjacent  counties. 
They  were  probably  lost  by  denudation,  together  with  some  of  the  upper  coal  veins, 
during  the  long  and  turbulent  ice  period. 

The  four  divisions  of  the  Quartenary  are  well  defined.     They  rest  directly  on  the 

t8 


266  niSTORY   OF   PEORIA   f'OlNTY. 

npper  carboniferous,  a  coal  measure.  The  alluvial  deposits  are  confined  chiefly  to  the 
right  Ifiink  of  the  Illinois  river,  forminfr  a  terrace  of  about  twenty-four  square  miles,  called 
LaSalle  prairie,  one  of  the  best  corn-producing  sections  of  Illinois. 

COAL   AfEASUBES. 

The  great  geological  feature  of  Peoria  county  consists  in  its  coal  measures,  which  are 
co-extensive  with  its  bordere.  Only  two  veins  (four  and  six)  are  worked  to  any  extent. 
Coal  from  vein  four  is  brought  to  the  surface  by  horizontal  tunnels  at  an  expense  of  one 
cent  per  bushel,  and  half  a  cent  in  localities  where  it  can  be  stripped.  At  no  place  in 
Illinois,  or  perhaps  in  the  world,  can  coal  be  mined  and  brought  to  market  so  cheaply  as 
in  this  county.  It  is  now  delivered  to  consumers  in  the  city  of  Peoria  for  one  dollar  and 
fifty  cents  per  ton.  The  thickness  of  this  vein  is  from  three  feet  ten  to  four  feet  eight 
inches,  and  is  generally  covered  with  a  ferruginous  shale,  and  concretions  of  bi-sulphuret 
of  iron,  richly  stored  with  marine  fossils,  which  are  eagerly  sought  for  by  scientists.  Its 
horizon  is  thirty-two  feet  above  low  water  of  the  Illinois  river. 

Coal  vein  six  is  also  worked  with  little  labor,  by  horizontal  tunnels.  It  is  sixty-two 
feet  above  coal  vein  four,  and  is  a  good  hlacktmith  coal,  makes  a  hard  vitreous  coke,  and 
is  exclusively  used  in  Peoria  and  contiguous  cities  for  making  gas.  It  contains  but  little 
pyrite,  and  in  most  localities  has  a  good  limestone  covering.  One  distinctive  mark  of 
this  vein  is  a  clay  seam,  or  parting,  from  one  to  two  inches  thick,  dividing  the  coal  hori- 
zontally into  two  equal  sections.  The  fossils  overlying  this  vein  are  well  preserved  and 
species  numerous  ;  among  the  most  common  are  Ni/alena  ant^ulata,  Plcurotomania  car- 
bonana,  Solenomia  radiata,  and  Productus  prattenittus. 

Coal  vein  five  has  no  reliable  outcrop  in  this  county,  but  its  horizon  is  well  defined 
in  the  towns  of  Limestone,  Jubilee,  and  Kickapoo  l)v  its  characteristic  fossils  —  Fusalina 
ventrircom.  Bciiipuuites  crasa,  Vhonctas  messeloba,  etc.  The  horizon  of  tliis  vein  has  fur- 
nished a  number  of  fossil  coal  plants,  which  have  been  figured  and  described  by  Leo 
Lesquereux,  and  are  now  being  published  by  the  State  of  Pennsylvania. 

Coal  veins  seven,  eight  and  nine  are  the  ojily  other  veins  represented  in  this  county 
above  the  Illinois  river,  and  tiiey  are  too  thin  for  mining  and  not  easily  stripped  coal. 

The  horizon  of  coal  vein  nine  in  tiiis  county  has  given  to  paleontologists  the  most  per- 
fect coal-measure  fossils  found  in  this  State,  if  not  in  the  world.  Coal  vein  three  lies  one 
hundred  and  thirty-three  feet  below  four,  consequently  about  one  hundred  and  twenty 
feet  below  the  Illinois  river.  It  is  about  three  feet  thick,  and  is  considered  a  good  coal. 
It  is  not  worked  in  this  county.  One  hundred  and  twelve  feet  below  three,  a  coal  vein  was 
reached  in  Voris'  boring  —  opposite  to  Peoria  —  three  feet  thick,  which  is  considered 
coal  vein  one  of  the  Illinois  coal  field,  and  the  base  of  the  coal  measure  resting  on  the 
conglomerate,  twenty  feet  above  the  St.  Louis  limesUme.  Coal  vein  two  has  not  been 
explored  in  Peoria  county,  but  crops  out  on  Spoon  river  in  the  southwest  part  of 
Fulton  county. 

PROGEE8SIOK. 

It  is  within  the  memory  of  many  now  living,  this  writer  not  excepted,  when  the 
churcli,  tlie  lialU  and  even  the  district  sciiool  house,  wiuf  refused  by  those  in  authority  to 
the  lecturer  on  geology.  The  able  and  cflicient  .lames  Hull.  A.  M.,  has  been  indignantly 
refused  the  use  of  a  district  school  hi>use  in  the  Knipire  State  —  New  York  —  to  stjirt  a 
geological  class.  They  feared — they  knew  not  what.  During  the  last  fifty  years  public 
opinion  has  been  more  tolerant  and  the  geologist  now  walks  side  by  side  with  those  who 
love  the  creative  God  and  study  I'is  works.  Let  us  go  back  in  the  history  of  this  planet, 
not  to  its  creation,  for  that  is  beyond  mortal  wisdom,  but  to  the  commencement  of  the 
carboniferous  period  when  the  surface  of  the  earth  was  hidden  from  the  sun  by  the  carbon 
and  noxious  gases,  extending  a  greater  distance  than  our  atmosphere  ;  a  single  breath  of 


HISTORY  OF  PEORIA  COUNTY.  267 

which  would  have  been  fatal  to  any  air-breathing  animals.  "  Darkness  reigned  supreme." 
It  was  the  commencement  of  a  new  area,  a  time  when  the  Almighty  scattered  the  seeds 
of  the  coal  plants  with  His  bountiful  hand.  The  ferns,  lepidondrons,  stigmanes,  sigel- 
aries,  calmites  and  thousands  of  others,  flowering  plants  and  mosses  to  be  harvested  into 
His  crucible  to  form  coal. 

Every  year  the  mingled  mass  of  vegetation  was  deposited,  on  the  bog  or  marsh,  to 
be  by  and  by  transformed  into  hard  combustible  matter,  by  the  slow  process  of  decom- 
position. The  internal  heat  of  the  earth  kept  the  surface  continually  warm  :  vegetation 
grew  profusely  night  and  day  until  enough  had  been  harvested  by  the  cycle  of  time  to 
form  a  vein  of  coal  ;  then  by  the  oscillation  of  the  earth's  surface  it  was  thrown  down  and 
the  ocean  breaking  through  its  barriers  washed  imjjetuously  into  the  sunken  basin  cover- 
ing up  the  coal  plants  with  sand,  mud  and  gravel,  which  in  time,  became  rock  as  the  coal 
field  sunk  to  a  greater  depth  beneath  the  ocean.  That  rock  serves  as  a  protection  to  the 
miner  as  he  now  digs  the  coal  from  beneath  it. 

The  decomposition  of  fibrous  plants  in  contact  with  atmospheric  air  absorbed  car- 
bonic acid  ;  the  internal  heat  of  the  earth  and  the  pressure  of  the  ocean  drove  off  the  car- 
bonic acid  gas,  but  left  a  large  percentage  of  fixed  carbon,  which,  combining  with  other 
chemical  agencies,  completed  coal  vein  one. 

Time  passed  on,  and  the  surface  was  again  exposed.  The  ocean  receded,  vegetation 
for  another  vein  of  coal  started,  and  in  like  manner  was  submerged.  Again  and  again 
was  the  same  formula  carried  on,  until  twelve  or  more  veins  of  coal  had  been  formed  and 
safely  covered  up  for  the  future  use  of  man,  constituting  a  vertical  section  of  fifteen 
hundred  feet,  called  the  coal  measure,  and  the  carboniferous  period  was  closed  and  the 
making  of  mineral  coal  on  this  planet  was  finished  ;  the  materials  used  up,  the  process 
abandoned. 

As  the  carbon  in  the  coal  was  chiefly  taken  from  the  atmosphere,  it  became  purer; 
air-breathing  animals  were  placed  on  the  earth  ;  serpents  and  reptiles  of  enormous  size 
had  undisputed  sway  over  land  and  sea  ;  but  they  gave  place  to  other  forms  of  life  at  the 
close  of  the  Urasic  oi  Reptilion  period.  The  Cretaceous  and  Tertiary  periods  had  their 
allotted  time,  and  then  followed  a  long  and  turbulent  ice  period,  finishing  up  the  surface 
for  what  the  earth  was  created,  the  abode  of  man.  Not  alone  in  Peoria  county  nor  in 
North  America,  but  in  all  parts  of  the  earth,  in  her  hidden  and  capacious  chambers  was 
stored  the  product  of  coal  gleaned  from  all  vegetable  matter  for  thousands  of  years,  and 
and  thousands  of  years  again  passed  before  those  hidden  chambers  were  revealed  to  man. 
Simultaneous  with  the  invention  of  the  steam  engine  came  the  discovery  of  those  hidden 
coal  fields ;  and  who,  but  those  so  blinded  by  ignorance  and  unbelief,  but  can  trace  the 
hand  of  Omnipotence  in  treasuring  up  fuel  for  the  use  of  man  when  he  most  needed  it  ? 
It  was  reserved  for  "  the  fool  to  say  in  his  heart  there  is  no  God. " 

In  naming  the  horizon  of  a  coal  vein  the  geologist  can  not  depend  entirely  upon  the 
resemblance  of  its  outcrop,  or  even  its  analysis  to  a  similar  vein  in  some  other  location. 
It  is  not  unfrequenth'  the  case  that  a  chemical  anah'sis  from  different  parts  of  the  same 
vein  gives  a  diiferent  result.  As  a  reason  it  may  be  said  that  small  annual  coal  plants 
in  one  localit}-  would  contain  an  excess  of  volatile  matter,  and  the  woody  fibre  of  large 
plants  and  trunks  of  trees  in  another  more  fixed  carbon.  Neither  must  we  rely  implicitly 
on  the  overlying  fossils,  for  some,  the  spirifer  comeratus,  athyris  suhtility  and  others  ac- 
company each  vein  in  the  coal  measure  ;  but  the  underlying  fire  clay  and  the  shale,  rock 
or  limestone  covering  furnish  other  proof  of  identification  and  the  observant  student  is 
not  often  misled.  In  all  large  bodies  of  water,  lime,  magnesia,  soda  and  silica  are  held  in 
solution  mostly,  as  carbonates  and  sulphates.  The  carbonates  are  more  readily  preci[  i- 
tated  in  warm  water,  the  sulphates  in  cold.  Hence  the  diversity  of  sedimentary  rocks  on 
the  same  horizon  may  in  part,  be  attributed  to  that. 


268  HTSTOHT   or   I'EOUIA    COrNTV. 


ARCHAEOLOGY. 


Peoria  county  contains  ample  evidence  of  two  distinct  races  of  pre-historic  men. 
The  first  were  the  Mound  Builders,  the  latter  were  cave  dwellers,  and  both  appear  to 
have  passed  away  before  the  advent  of  the  more  recent  American  Indians.  Of  the  former 
history  is  silent,  and  of  tradition  there  is  none  ;  but  they  have  left  evidence  that  this 
country  was  inhabited  durinij  or  at  the  close  of  the  Miocene  period  ;  a  time  so  far  back 
that  no  one  presumes  to  compute  it. 

The  evidence  of  the  great  antiijuity  of  man  is  cumulative,  and  comes  from  all  parts 
of  the  inhabited  world.  The  Mound  Builders  were  sun  worshipers,  ainl  from  the  peculiar 
arrangement  of  their  earth  works,  some  believe  the}'  also  invoked  a  Triune  god.  On  the 
left  bank  of  the  Illinois  river,  opposite  to  Peoria  county,  there  are  two  groups  of  mounds. 
They  are  on  both  sides  of  Black  Patridge  creek,  where  it  empties  into  the  Illinois 
river.  In  both  groups,  standing  on  the  highest  point  overlooking  the  river,  are  three 
mounds,  fifty-four  feet  fi-ora  center  to  center,  equilateral,  subtending  an  angle  of  one 
hundred  and  twenty  degrees,  with  one  angle  pointing  to  the  east.  Back  of  them,  and 
further  from  the  river,  are  fortifications  and  burial  mounds.  .  On  the  right  bank  of  the 
Illinois  river,  nine  miles  north,  are  two  other  groups  similar  in  all  respects,  the  measure- 
ment of  the  latter  filled  the  measurement  of  the  former,  with  one  angle  pointing  to  the 
rising  sun.  Back  of  these  are  also  earth  works  and  burial  mounds.  In  front  of  the  tri- 
angular mounds,  and  between  them  and  the  lilinois  river,  there  has  evidently  been  a 
fearful  Ijattle  between  two  large  l)odies  of  contestants.  On  an  area  of  not  more  than  ten 
acres  over  two  bushels  of  stone  arrows  and  spear  points  have  been  picked  up,  and  about 
five  hundred  battle  axes,  many  of  the  latter  broken,  showing  a  hand-to-hand  encounter, 
and  that  "  man's  inhumanity  to  man  "  has  had  early  precedents. 

In  other  parts  of  the  country,  at  Kingston,  Kickapoo  and  Jubilee,  the  tillers  of  the 
soil  will  point  to  the  field  where  the  i)low  turns  up  with  every  furrow  the  spear,  arrow 
and  battle  ax. 

A  half  mile  below  Chillicothe,  and  thirty  rods  from  the  Illinois  river,  a  mound  was 
opened  which  proved  to  be  a  sacrificial  mound.  It  was  circular,  sixty-six  feet  in  diameter, 
and  six  feet  high.  At  the  base,  twenty  inches  below  the  surface  of  adjoining  prairie  and 
resting  on  the  terrace  drift,  was  the  altar  tablet,  formed  of  water-worn  igneous  boulders 
of  from  four  to  six  pounds,  placed  compactly  side  by  side  on  a  smooth  and  level  surface. 
On  this  tablet  was  what  appeared  to  be  indurated  ashes.  Tiie  amount  was  estimated  at 
eighty  or  one  hundred  tons.  In  this  mass,  which  the  pick  would  remove  no  more  than 
the  same  blow  would  of  solid  ice,  was  found,  by  the  aid  of  a  strong  lens,  minute  crystal 
of  prussiate  of  jiotash,  fragments  of  carbonized  bones,  charcoal,  gravel  and  oxide  of  iron. 
(For  chemical  analysis  see  appendix  marked  A.)  In  the  center  of  the  mound,  three  feet 
below  the  surface,  were  two  skeletons,  one  an  adult,  the  other  an  infant,  presumably, 
mother  and  child,  the  latter  resting  on  tlie  lap  of  the  former,  a  covering  of  clay  two  inches 
thick,  which  had  been  indurated,  covered  the  skeletons.  A  rude  silver  buckle  on  the  up- 
turned forehead,  and  a  perforated  steel  shuttle  on  the  left  side  of  the  head,  were  all  the 
relics  obtained.  From  the  materials  which  encompassed  the  bones  outside  of  the  clay 
casket,  it  is  supposed  to  be  an  intrusive  burial;  tliey  were  coarse  sand  and  gravel,  and 
fragments  of  fresh  water  shells,  mostly  unias.  Three  other  mounds  have  been  opened, 
one  at  Peoria  and  two  at  Mossville,  in  tiiis  county,  each  with  an  infant  skeleton  lying  in 
the  lap  of  a  female.  Was  the  mother  sacrifited  for  her  child,  or  the  child  for  the 
mother  ? 

Some  idea  of  the  antiquity  of  this  last  burial  may  be  formed  from  the  fact  that  the 
whole  surface  of  the  mound  and  the  adjoining  prairie  was  covered  to  the  depth  of  twenty 
inches,  with  a  line  black  lacustrine  deposit ;  and  like  undrifted  snow,  resting  comfortable 
on  the  teirace  drift. 


HISTORY   OF   PEORIA   COUXTY.  269 

Other  evidences  of  the  antiquity  of  man  was  found  by  Doctor  Ziller,  of  Spring  Bay. 
Sixty-three  feet  below  the  surface  was  discovered,  by  a  land  slide,  several  stone  imple- 
ments. Thirty  feet  of  the  upper  section  was  loose  and  thirty-three  feet  terrace  drift. 
At  the  base  of  the  latter,  and  resting  on  the  boulder  drift,  was  found  those  singular 
implements.  They  are  made  of  chert,  four  inches  long,  two  inches  broad  and  seveu- 
tenths  of  an  inch  thick  ;  pointed  at  each  end  ;  the  sides  slightly  curved  outward,  with  a 
rough  serrated  edge.  They  must  have  been  left  there  at  the  close  of  the  M3'ocene  period. 
Were  they  transported  by  ice,  the  upsetting  of  a  canoe,  or  by  man  ?  Seven  of  them  are 
preserved. 

Other  evidence  of  the  antiquity  of  the  Mound  Builders  is  found  in  the  surface 
markings  of  their  pottery.  The  writer  has  a  piece  in  his  cabinet  that  represents  a  species 
of  Lepidodeudson  simplex,  a  fern  that  grew  in  the  upper  carboniferous  period.  It  is  no 
accidental  resemblance,  but  line  after  line  is  traced  with  unerring  accurac}'. 

Of  the  cave-dwellers  but  little  is  known.  On  section  eight  in  Jubilee  township, 
near  a  perpetual  spring,  a  large  number  of  subterranean  chambers  have  been  explored  — 
most  of  them  have  fallen  in.  That  these  were  the  abode  of  men  is  proven  by  the  imple- 
ments found  in  and  about  them,  consisting  of  pottery  of  various  patterns,  stone  spear 
points,  arrows,  and  battle  axes.  When  the  writer  surveyed-  them  as  many  as  twenty  of 
the  underground  caves  were  seen.  Four  miles  southeast  of  this  group  of  earth-houses, 
on  land  owned  by  Mr.  Joseph  Stewart,  a  large  number  are  to  be  seen.  They  are  near  a 
never-fi-eezing  spring.  The  outer  chambers  in  the  last  group  have  all  fallen  in,  and  they 
now  resemble  a  long  disused  coal  shaft.  On  the  right  bank  of  the  Illinois  river,  three 
miles  below  Rome,  a  great  number  of  these  caves  can  be  found  at  this  time,  some  of 
which  are  stoned  up  and  arched  over  with  water-worn  drift  boulders  of  unequal  size. 
Most  of  these  have  fallen  in,  disclosing  to  the  casual  observer  nothing  but  a  sudden  de- 
pression of  the  surface,  and  a  portion  of  the  stone  wall.  These  are  also  near  never-fail- 
ing springs.  On  a  small  terrace-drift  prairie  four  miles  above  Peoria,  one  of  these  caves 
was  opened,  and  in  it  was  found  a  skeleton,  in  a  recumbent  position,  as  if  he  had  lain 
down  from  exhaustion  or  disease,  to  die.  Beside  the  skeleton  were  the  broken  bones  of 
some  animal,  from  which  the  marrow  had  been  scraped  by  some  pointed  instrument ; 
some  pieces  were  scraped  from  the  inside  to  half  their  thickness.  Arrow  jjoints,  stone 
beads,  pipes,  cooking  utensils,  made  from  clay,  and  pulverized  shells  were  found  in  this 
subterranean  chamber,  with  stalies  and  charred  wood.  In  summing  up  what  little  evi- 
dence we  have  brought  to  light  in  this  country,  the  cave-dwellers  appear  to  have  been  an 
indolent  race,  with  little  or  no  energy,  content  to  live  like  brutes,  and  most  likely  noc- 
turnal in  their  haVjits. 

ORIGIN    OF   THE   PRAIRIES.. 

Peoria  county  is  largely  prairie.  The  timber  is  confined  to  the  bluffs,  ravines  and 
river  bottoms.  Of  the  origin  of  prairies  nearlj^  as  many  theories  have  been  advanced  as 
there  are  writers  on  the  subject.  One  is,  "  that  a  dew  drop  assuming  the  form  of  a  lens 
sets  on  fire  the  grass  of  the  prairie."  But  a  dew  drop  does  not  assume  the  form  of  a  lens. 
The  nearest  approach  is  hemispherical,  which  would  have  no  more  burning  propertj-  than 
a  bubble  on  the  ocean.  As  well  might  it  be  said  that  the  sun  shining  through  the  rain 
drops  of  a  retreating  thunder  storm  produces  the  lightning.  Again,  as  the  grass  must 
necessarily  l)e  wet  when  the  dew  drops  are  on  it,  there  would  be  danger  of  that  kind  of 
fire  communicating  to  brooks,  streams  and  rivers,  and  as  a  sequence  set  the  ocean  on  fire, 
sapping  the  foundation  of  dews.  If  the  sun  by  any  means  could  set  the  prairie  on  fire, 
why  are  not  our  grain  fields  and  meadows  burned  over  every  year  ? 

Prairies  were  made  bj'  the  same  creative  God  that  made  our  coal  fields,  our  stone 
quarries  and  our  forest  grounds;  and  they  were  made  for  the  use  of  man.  The  lessons 
that  geologists  have  failed  to  teach,  the  husbandman  has  been  swift  to  learn.     Although 


270  HISTORY   r)F   PEORIA   COUNTY 

prairies  are  of  aqueous  origin,  they  are  not  perfectly  level,  but  have  a  gentle  rolling  or 
undulating  surface,  on  which  no  surplus  water  can  remain.  That  tliey  are  not  adapted 
to  the  growth  of  trees,  every  farmer  who  has  planted  an  orchard  knows ;  a  larger  per 
cent,  dying  the  first  year,  and  in  a  few  years  his  orchard  is  decimated.  But  although 
trees  grow  reluctantly  on  the  prairies,  they  are  and  always  will  he  the  garden  of  the 
world  for  all  other  vegetation  the  climate  will  peraiit  to  grow. 

ECONOMICAL    GEOLOGY. 

Coal  veins  four  and  six,  with  an  aggregate  thickness  of  nine  ft-et  underlying  the  en- 
tire area  of  the  county,  and  are  above  the  horizon  of  tlie  Illinois  river  ;  the  banks  of  the 
Kickapoo  and  its  tributaries,  and  the  bluffs  of  the  Illinois,  afford  facilities  for  mining  by 
horizon  tunnels. 

Building  stone  of  an  inferior  quality  is  found  in  great  abundance  on  the  right  bank 
of  the  Kickapoo.  It  is  a  soft  ferruginous  sandstone,  which  has  been  used  in  building 
cellars,  curbing  wells  and  abutments  for  bridges  ;  but  it  is  not  reliable  on  account  of  the 
unequal  hardness  in  different  parts  of  the  same  quarry.  Oi  limestone  there  is  an  inex- 
haustible amount ;  and  when  burnt  it  makes  a  cement,  which  for  strength  and  durabili- 
ty can  not  be  surpassed  in  the  State.  There  is  also  in  the  town  of  Rosefield  a  fresh- 
water limestone  that  makes  an  excellent  building  material,  sj)litting  out  in  slabs  of  an 
equal  thickness,  as  smooth  as  if  sawed.  Where  exposed  to  frost  and  rain  for  twenty 
years  and  upwards  it  has  stood  a  better  test  than  the  Joliet  or  silurian  limestone.  On 
the  south-east  of  section  three,  in  Logan  township,  there  is  a  quarry  of  variegated  lime- 
stone, which,  on  being  polished,  presents  a  handsomer  surface  than  any  of  the  Vermont 
marble. 

PRIVATE  COLLECTIONS. 

Besides  the  collections  of  the  Scientific  Association  noted  elsewhere  in  this  work, 
there  are  several  interesting  private  collections  in  Peoria  county.  The  largest  of  these 
is  that  of  William  Gifford,  whose  cabinet  embraces  the  following,  with  other  classified 
fossils : 

Lower  Silurian,  215  specimens  ;  Upper  Silurian,  115  ;  sub-carboniferous,  150  ;  coal 
measure,  290  ;  Devonian.  135  ;  Cretaceous,  300  ;  Tertiary,  210 ;  making  an  aggregate  of 
1,415  specimens.  In  addition  to  these  he  has  an  extensive  cabinet  of  minerals  and 
marine  and  fresh  water  shells,  collected  from  all  part*  of  the  world. 

Tlie  cabinet  of  Dr.  W.  H.  Chapman  ranks  next  to  iiis  in  magnitude.  The  Doctor  is 
a  gentleman  of  superior  education,  and  having  a  taste  for  scientific  study,  has  spared 
neither  pains  nor  money  to  make  his  collection  perfect. 

Miss  Emma  Smith  also  has  a  fine  private  collection  :  and  is  making  a  .speciality  of 
the  study  of  geology,  in  which  she  already  ranks  high  among  siientists.  Siie  has  l)een 
solicited  by  an  Eastern  publishing  liouse  to  prepare  a  prinuiry  work  on  geology,  with 
the  hope  tliat  sucii  a  work  may  soon  find  a  place  in  tiie  puliiic  sdiools. 

Miss  Mary  E.  Stringer,  of  Kickapoo  township,  has  the  nucleus  of  a  ciioice  collec- 
tion;  and  di.splays  remarkable  zeal  in  her  pursuit  of  scientific  knowledge. 


HISTORY   OF  PEORIA  COUNTY.  271 


CHAPTER  II. 

EARLY  HISTORY— FRENCH  SETTLEMENT. 

1673  :  Marquette  and  Joliet  —  Their  Voyage  up  the  Illinois  River —  Loss  of  the  Diary  of  their  Tour  of  Discovery  — 
Joliet's  Report  to  Frontinac.  1679  :  LaSalle,  Hennepin,  and  Tonti  —  Their  Voyage  to  Illinois  —  From  Green 
Bay,  Wisconsin,  to  South  Bend,  Indiana —  Down  the  Kankakee  Hiver  to  the  Illinois  —  Indian  Village  at  Utica 
—  New  Year's  Diy,  1680  —  Arrival  in  Lake  Peoria — Surprise  of  the  Indians  —  Strategy  of  LaSalle  —  Distrust 
of  the  Indians —  Mutiny  and  Desertion  —  Fort  Crevecoeur  —  Preaching  Among  the  Indians  —  Hennepin's  De- 
parture to  Explore  the  Upper  Mississippi — LaSalle's  Return  to  Canada — Indian  Against  Indian  —  Tonti's 
Flight  to  Green  Bay  —  Destruction  of  Fort  Crevecoeur  —  Return  of  LaSalle  —  The  French  Settlement  —  Old 
Village  of  Peoria  —  Charge  of  Treason  Against  the  French  Inhabitants  —  Craig's  Expedition  Against  the 
French  and  Indians  —  Letter  of  Governor  Edwards  to  Secretary  of  War  Eustis — Destruction  of  the  Village  — 
Population  of  the  Village  —  Second  Expedition  to  Peoria  —  Fort  Clark  —  Colonel  Hubbard  —  Destruction  of 
Fort  Clark. 

From  the  time  the  world  was  created  until  the  latter  part  of  the  seventeenth  century, 
the  history  of  the  land  of  the  Peorias  was  a  lost  volume.  There  are  neither  legends  nor 
traditions  to  guide  the  mind  and  the  pen  of  the  historian  in  describing  the  condition  of 
the  country  or  the  habits  and  pursuits  of  the  people  previous  to  the  date  of  which  we 
write.  Vain  would  be  the  search  for  some  tangible  evidence  of  a  higher  type  of  human- 
ity than  the  races  or  tribes  known  in  history  as  North  American  Indians.  True,  the  dis- 
coveries in  archeology  furnish  data  for  conjecture,  but  scarcely  more.  Hence  we  must 
accept  the  histoi-y  of  the  country  as  beginning  when  Marquette  and  Joliet,  the  mission- 
aries of  French  civilization,  ascended  the  Illinois  river,  on  their  return  to  Canada  from  the 
discovery  of  the  Mississippi  river  in  1673. 

The  exact  date  of  their  passage  through  Lake  Peoria  has  not  been  preserved,  but 
from  the  best  accessible  evidence  it  is  fair  to  presume  that  it  was  during  the  last  days  of 
the  month  of  August,  or  the  first  days  of  the  month  of  September,  A.  D.,  1673.  This 
conclusion  is  reached  from  the  following  facts : 

It  is  known  that  these  brave  explorers  descended  the  Mississippi  river  as  far  as  the 
Arkansas,  which  they  reached  about  the  middle  of  July.  The)^  had  been  on  the  river 
four  weeks,  and  concluded  they  had  descended  far  enough  to  decide  that  ,its  outlet  was 
on  the  Atlantic  side  of  the  continent.  Their  provisions  were  nearly  exhausted,  and  they 
also  feared  if  they  visited  the  river  below  they  might  be  killed  by  the  savages,  and  the 
benefit  of  their  discovery  lost. 

Influenced  by  these  considerations  they  determined  to  retrace  their  steps.  Leaving 
the  AAansas  village,  they  forced  their  way  up  the  Mississippi  to  the  mouth  of  the  Illinois 
river,  where  they  learned  from  the  Indians  that  the  latter  stream  afforded  a  shorter  and 
more  direct  route  to  the  lakes  than  the  route  by  which  they  had  descended.  Acting 
upon  this  information  they  entered  the  Illinois  river  and  found  that,  besides  being  much 
more  direct,  its  current  offered  less  resistance  to  their  light  canoes  than  the  current  of  the 
Mississippi.  Passing  far  up  the  river  they  stopped  at  an  Indian  town  called  Kas-kas-kia, 
which  name,  afterwards  transferred  to  a  different  locality,  became  noted  as  the  first 
capital  of  the  Territory  of  Illinois.  At  Kaskaskia  they  secured  a  chief  and  some  of  his 
men  to  conduct  them  to  Lake  Michigan  and  proceeded  hither  by  way  of  the  Illinois,  Des- 
plaines  and  Chicago  rivers.  Following  the  west  shore  of  the  lake  they  entered  Green 
Bay  the  latter  part  of  September. 

Marquette  stopped  at  the  mission  at  the  head  of  the  bay  to  recover  his  failing  health, 
while  Joliet  hastened  on  to  Quebec  to  report  their  discoveries.  At  the  foot  of  the  rapids 
above  Montreal  his  canoe  was  capsized,  and  he  lost  the  manuscript  containing  an  account 


272  HISTORY   OF   PEORIA  COUNTY. 

of  their  discoveries  and  two  of  his  men.  He  said  in  a  letter  to  Governor  Frontenac:  "  I 
had  escaped  every  peril  from  the  Indians  ;  I  had  passed  forty-two  rapids,  and  was  on  the 
point  of  disembarking,  full  of  joy  at  the  success  of  so  long  and  diflBcult  an  undertaking, 
when  my  canoe  capsized  after  all  the  danger  seemed  over.  I  lost  my  two  men  and  box 
of  papers  within  sight  of  the  first  French  settlement,  which  I  had  left  almost  two  years 
before.  Nothing  remains  to  me  now  but  my  life  and  the  ardent  desire  to  employ  it  on 
any  service  j'ou  may  please  to  direct." 

The  loss  of  the  papers  here  mentioned  leaves  analogy  to  supply  the  date  when  these 
bold  adventurers  passed  up  through  Lake  Peoria  and  probably  landed  at  the  place  where 
the  American  settlement  of  Peoria  county  was  commenced  one  hundred  and  forty-six 
years  later.  "  Nowhere  on  this  journey,"  Marquette  wrote,  "did  we  see  such  grounds, 
meadows,  woods,  stags,  buffaloes,  deer,  wildcats,  bustards,  ducks,  parroquets,  and  even 
beavers,  as  on  the  Illinois  river. 

Robert  de  LaSalle,  Louis  Hennepin,  a  Franciscan  monk,  and  Henri  Tonti,  an  Italian, 
were  the  next  white  men  to  visit  this  region.  This  trip  was  commenced  up  Lake  Erie, 
on  the  7th  day  of  August,  1679.  They  passed  over  that  lake,  through  the  straits  be}'ond 
and  into  Lake  Huron,  where  they  encountered  heavy  storms.  They  remained  some  time 
at  Michillimackinac,  where  LaSalle  founded  a  fort,  and  then  passed  on  to  Green  Bay, 
the  "  Bait'  des  Puans,"  of  the  French.* 

They  remained  at  Green  Bay  until  the  3d  day  of  December  of  that  year,  and  then, 
with  thirty-three  men  —  thirty  working  men  and  three  monks  —  commenced  ascending 
the  St.  Joseph  river.  The  margins  of  the  stream  were  glassed  with  sheets  of  ice,  and  the 
forests  were  gray  and  bare.  In  four  days  they  reached  the  present  site  of  South  Bend, 
Indiana,  and  began  looking  for  the  Indian  trail  leading  across  the  portage  to  the  Kanka- 
kee river. t  While  hunting  for  this  path,  LaSalle  became  bewildered  and  did  not  find 
his  way  back  to  camp  until  the  next  afternoon.  The  path  was  found,  and,  with  a  Ma- 
hingan  Indian  for  a  guide,  it  was  not  long  until  the  portage  was  crossed,  and  the  party 
stood  on  tlie  bank  of  the  Kankakee,  which  zig-zagged  its  way  among  tufts  of  tall  grass 
and  clumps  of  elder.  The  current  channel  was  so  narrow  that  a  man  could  easily  jump 
across  it,  but  they  launched  their  canoes  and  started  down  it.s  sluggish  watei-s — the  wa- 
ter was  so  shallow  that  the  voyagers  seemed  sailing  along  on  the  surface  of  the  ground, 
while  their, evening  shadows,  unobstructed  by  banks,  fell  far  beyond  their  canoes,  and 
trooped  like  huge  j)hantoms  along  by  their  side.  By  and  by  it  grew  to  be  a  considerable 
stream  from  the  drainage  of  miry  barrens  and  reedy  marshes  skirting  the  banks.  Then 
came  prairies  and  woodlands  recently  scorched  by  the  fires  of  Indian  hunters,  and  here 
and  there  deeply  scarred  with  the  trails  of  buffaloes.  They  continued  on  down  the  river  by 
easy  stages  until  they  entered  the  Illinois.  They  were  then  in  the  grazing  places  and 
home  of  the  deer,  but  now  wonderfully  transformed  into  scenes  of  agricultural  thrift,  On 
the  right,  they  passed  Buffalo  Rock,  a  favorite  resort  with  the  Indians.  Farther  down 
on  the  left,  was  seen  a  towering  promontory,  beautifully  crested  with  trees,  and  destined 
to  be  crowned  witli  the  bulwarks  of  an  impregnable  fortress,  and  now  known  as  Starved 
Rock,  fuller  mention  of  which  is  elsewhen-  made.  A  short  distance  lielow,  standing  on 
the  right  bank,  was  the  principal  village  of  the  Illinois  Indians  —  Utica,  LaSalle  county 
—  but  the  inhabitants  were  absent,  and  their  village  was  a  voiceless  solitude.  The 
voyageurt  went  on  shore,  and  being  pressed  for  food,  they  took  a  sufficient  quantity  of 

•  Tonli's  father  had  been  Governor  of  Ci.ieta,  but  had  fled  to  France  to  escape  the  [wlilical  convulsions  of  his 
native  country.     He  w.is  an  able  financier,  and  the  author  of  the  system  of  hfc  insurance,  known  .is  Tuntine. 

\  The  Indian  name  for  this  river  was  Tktake.  which  means  Wi<lf.  and  was  so  named  becauseof  a  tribe  of  Tndians 
of  that  name  who  dwell  about  its  source,  but  who  were  more  commonly  callcil  .\l.i!iiii(;anN.  Tlic  Krciich  ]iionounced 
Theake  Ki-a-ki-ki,  which  was  corrupted  to  Kank.»kcc.  It  is  a  sluggish,  tortuous  stream,  with  very  low  banks,  and 
overflows  and  renders  u,elcss  thousands  of  acres  of  land  in  I.aPorle,  Starke,  jasper,  Lake,  and  Porter  counties,  in 
Indiana. 


HISTORY  OF  PEORIA   COUNTY.  273 

corn,  which  they  found  hidden  away  in  pits,  to  supply  their  immediate  needs,  and  then 
re-embarked  and  passed  on  down  the  rivei\ 

"This  day  [January  1,  1680,  wrote  Hennepin  in  his  journal]  we  went  through  a 
lake  formed  by  the  river,  about  seven  leagues  long  and  one  broad.  The. savages  call  that 
place  Pimiteoni ;  that  is,  in  their  language,  where  there  is  an  abundance  of  fat  beasts. 
When  the  river  of  the  Illinois  freezes,  which  is  but  seldom,  it  freezes  only  to  this  lake, 
and  never  from  there  to  the  Mississippi,  into  which  this  river  falls.  We  found  ourselves 
on  a  sudden  in  their  camp,  which  took  up  two  sides  of  the  river.  M.  de  LaSalle  ordered 
his  men  immediately  to  make  their  arms  ready  and  brought  his  canoes  on  a  line,  placing 
himself  to  the  right,  and  M.  Tonti  to  the  left,  so  that  we  took  almost  the  whole  breadth  of 
the  river.  The  Illinois,  who  had  not  discovered  our  fleet  of  eight  canoes,  were  very 
much  surprised  to  see  us  coming  so  swiftly  upon  them,  for  the  stream  is  very  rapid  at  this 
place.  Some  Tan  for  their  arms,  but  the  most  of  them  took  to  flight,  with  horrid  cries 
and  howlings. 

"  The  current  brought  us,  in  the  meantime,  to  their  camp,  and  M.  LaSalle  went  the 
very  first  ashore,  followed  by  his  men,  which  increased  the  consternation  of  his  savages, 
whom  we  might  have  easily  defeated,  but  as  it  was  not  our  design,  we  made  a  halt  to 
give  them  time  to  recover  themselves,  and  see  that  we  were  no  enemies.  M.  LaSalle 
might  have  prevented  their  consternation  by  showing  his  calumet,  or  pipe  of  peace,  but 
he  was  afraid  the  savages  would  impute  it  to  our  weakness." 

The  Indians  were  distrustful  and  LaSalle's  men  become  troublesome  and  mutinous, 
and  it  soon  became  evident  to  him  that  there  were  secret  movements  to  foment  ill-will 
towards  him  and  his  enterprise  in  the  minds  of  the  better  disposed  of  his  followers. 
Under  these  circumstances  he  determined'^ to  build  a  fort  as  a  precautionary  measure  of 
safety.  The  ground  selected  for  the  fort,  which  was  called' Crevecoeur  —  meaning 
Broken  Heart —  was  on  the  site  uowoccupie.d  by  thB  Fort  Clark  Elevator,  in  the  city  of 
Peoria.  The  distrust  of  the  Indians  was  finally  overcome,  and  the  new  fortification 
served  more  the  purposes  of  a  place  of  worship  than  as  a  place  of  protection  against 
hostile  foes.  Hennepin,  as  long  as  he  remained,  preached  to  the  Indians  twice  on  the 
Sabbath,  chanted  vespers,  and  regretted  that  the  absence  of  wine  prevented  the  celebra- 
tion of  mass. 

Such  was  the  first  French  occupation  of  the  territory  embraced  in  the  present  limits 
of  Illinois.  For  many  years  after  the  erection  of  Fort  Crevecoeur  the  country  remained 
the  home  of  the  Indians  and  pasture  grounds  for  animals  native  to  the  soil,  and  herbs 
and  grasses. 

On  the  last  day  of  February,  1680,  Hennepin  and  two  companions,  Accan  and  Du- 
Gay,  left  Fort  Creveccsur  to  make  a  tour  of  the  Upper  Mississippi.  Two  days  later, 
March  2d,  LaSalle  set  out  on  a  return  trip  to  Canada.  Soon  after  his  departure  nearly  all 
the  men  deserted  and  left  Tonti  almost  alone.  The  Iroquois  commenced  hostilities 
against  the  Illinois,  sacked  their  village  (at  Utica)  and  scattered  terror  before  them 
everywhere.  For  safety  Tonti  fled  to  Green  Bay.  Fort  Crevecceur  was  destro3'ed,and 
when  LaSalle  returned  in  December  he  found  little  except  its  ruins. 

It  has  been  said  by  some  that  the  French  commenced  a  settlement  here  soon  after 
the  erection  and  destruction  of  Fort  Crevecoeur,  but  we  can  find  no  authority  in  sup- 
port of  the  assertion.  When  Charlevoix  visited  the  Illinois  country  forty  years  after 
LaSalle,  or  about  1720,  he  found  no  French  inhabitants  here,  or,  if  he  did,  he  made  no 
mention  of  the  fact.  One  hundred  years  later,  Edward  Coles,  then  Register  of  the  U. 
S.  Landoffice  at  Edwardsville,  who  was  deputized  to  take  proof  of  French  claims  to 
lands  at  Peoria,  submitted  a  report  to  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury,  dated  November 
10th  of  that  year,  from  which  we  extract  the  following: 

"  The  old  village  of  Peoria  was  situated  on  the  northwest  sliore  of  Lake  Peoria, 
about  one  mile  and  a  half  above  the  lower  extremity  of  the  lake.     This  village  had  been 


274  HISTORY  OF  PEORIA   COUNTY. 

inhabited  l>y  tlie  French  previous  to  the  recollection  of  any  of  the  present  generation. 
About  the  ye.ir  1778  or  1779,  the  fii"st  house  was  built  in  what  was  then  called  LaVille 
de  Maillet,  afterwards  the  new  village  of  Peoria,  and  of  late  the  place  has  been  known 
by  the  name  of  Fort  Clark,  situated  about  one  mile  and  a  half  below  the  old  village, 
immediately  at  the  lower  point  or  outlet  of  Lake  Pegria.  The  situation  being  preferred 
on  account  of  the  water  being  better  and  its  being  thought  more  healthy.  The  inhabi- 
tants gradually  deserted  the  old  village,  and  by  the  year  1796  or  1797  had  entirely  aban- 
doned it  and  removed  to  the  new  village. 

"  Tiie  inhabitants  of  Peoria  consisted  generally  of  Indian  tradei-s,  hunters  and  voy- 
ageurs,  and  had  formed  a  link  of  connection  between  the  French  residing  on  the  waters 
of  the  great  lakes  and  the  Mississippi  river.  From  that  happ}-  faculty  of  adapting  them- 
selves to  their  situation  and  associates  for  which  the  French  are  so  remarkable,  the  in- 
habitants of  Peoria  lived  generally  in  harmony  with  their  savage  neighbors.  It  would 
seem,  however,  that  about  the  year  1781  they  were  induced  to  abandon  the  village  from 
apprehension  of  Indian  hostilities;  but  soon  after  the  peace  of  1783  they  again  returned, 
and  continued  to  reside  there  until  the  Autumn  of  1812,  when  they  were  forcibly  re- 
moved from  it,  and  the  place  destro^-ed  by  Capt.  Craig,  of  the  Illinois  militia,  on  the 
ground,  as  it  is  said,  that  he  and  his  company  of  militia  were  fired  on  in  the  night,  while 
at  anchor  in  their  boats,  before  the  village,  by  Indians,  with  whom  the  inhabitants  were 
suspected  by  Craig  to  be  too  intimate  and  friendly, 

"  The  inhabitants  of  Peoria,  it  would  appear  from  all  I  can  learn,  settled  there  with- 
out an}-  grant  or  permission  from  the  authority  of  any  government  :  that  the  only  title 
they  had  to  their  lands  was  derived  from  possession,  and  the  only  value  attached  to  it 
grew  out  of  the  improvements  placed  upon  it.  That  each  person  took  to  himself  such 
portion  of  unoccupied  land  as  he  wished  to  occupy  and  cultivate,  and  made  it  his  own 
by  incorporating  his  labor  with  it,  but  as  soon  as  he  abandoned  it  his  title  was  understood 
to  cease,  with  his  possession  and  improvements,  and  it  reverted  to  its  natural  state,  and 
was  liable  again  to  be  improved  and  possessed  by  any  one  who  should  think  proper. 
This,  together  with  the  itinerant  character  ot  the  inhabitants,  will  account  for  the  num- 
ber of  persons  who  will  frequently  be  found ;  from  the  testimony  contained  in  the  re- 
port, to  have  occupied  the  same  lot,  many  of  whom,  it  will  be  seen,  present  conflicting 
claims. 

"  As  is  usual  in  French  villages,  the  possession  in  Peoria  consisted  generally  in  vil- 
lage lots,  on  which  they  erected  their  buildings  and  made  their  gardens,  and  of  outlots  or 
fields,  in  which  they  cultivated  grain,  etc.  The  village  lots  contained,  in  general,  about 
one-half  of  an  arpent  of  land ;  the  outlots  or  fields  were  of  various  sizes,  depending  on 
the  industry  or  means  of  the  owner  to  cultivate  more  or  less  land. 

"  As  neither  the  old  nor  new  village  of  Peoria  was  ever  formally  laid  out  or  had  de- 
fined limits  assigned  them,  it  is  impossible  to  have  of  them  an  accurate  map.  •  •  •  • 
I  have  not  been  able  to  ascertain  with  precision  on  what  particular  quarter-sections  of 
the  military  survey  these  claims  are  situated." 

This  is  the  first  written  reference  to  the  French  settlement  at  Peoria  we  have  been 
able  to  find,  and  it  is  indefinite  and  unsatisfactory.  There  is  no  aiithorify  extant,  so  far 
as  we  can  find,  to  show  that  there  were  any  French  people  here  previous  to  17(iO,  or 
until  eighty  years  after  LaSalle's  party  left. 

Under  a  treaty  made  by  the  United  States  with  Great  Britain  in  17s;?,  and  under  the 
Jay  treaty  made  in  1794,  the  French  people  in  Illinois  became  citizens  of  the  government 
of  the  United  States.  When  the  war  broke  out  between  (ireat  Britain  and  the  United 
States,  it  was  trea.son  under  the  terms  of  these  treaties  for  the  French  to  take  sides  with 
the  Hriiish  or  Uiitish  allies,  the  Indians.  Hut  notwithstanding  this,  the  Peoria  French 
were  tli.irged  with  obtaining  aninuuiition  and  other  inuiiiliunr>  of  war  from  the  British  in 
Cauadu,  and  with  furnishing  ii  to  the  Indians;  with  murdering  the  American  settlei-s  in 


HISTORY  OF  PEORIA  COUNTY.  276 

the  southern  part  of  the  Illinois  Territory,  and  Captain  John  Baptiste  Maillet,  the  chief 
military  man  at  Peoria,  who  was  afterward  rewarded  for  his  supposed  fidelity  to  the  gov- 
ernment of  the  United  States,  was  openly  charged  with  stealing  cattle  from  the  settlers 
in  the  Wood  river  country,  in  Madison  county,  and  driving  them  north  to  feed  the  Indians. 
Whether  true  or  false,  these  stories  had  sufficient  plausihility  to  demand  investigation 
from  Governor  Edwards,  and  he  ordered  Captain  Craig,  of  the  Illinois  militia,  "  to  ascend 
the  Illinois  river  —  there  were  no  roads  between  the  southern  part  of  the  territory  and 
Peoria  then  —  to  ascertain  the  trutli  or  falsity  of  these  accusations,  and  to  act  accordingly 
That  Governor  Edwards  believed  they  were  founded  in  fact,  is  evidenced  by  the  follow- 
ing letter  to  Mr.  Eustis,  then  United  States  Secretary  of  War,  under  date  of  August  4, 
1812,  in  which  he  said,  speaking  of  the  Indians : 

"  Those  near  Peoria  are  constantly  killing  and  eating  the  cattle  of  the  people  of  that 
village.  The  Indians  on  the  Illinois  are  well  supplied  with  English  powder,  and  have  been 
selling  some  of  it  to  the  white  people.  A  few  days  ago  they  sent  some  of  their  party  with 
five  horses  to  the  Sac  village  for  lead."  In  a  postscript  to  this  leter  he  added:  "No 
troops  of  any  kind  have  yet  arrived  in  this  territory,  and  I  think  you  may  count  upon 
hearing  of  a  bloody  stroke  upon  us  very  soon.  I  have  been  extremely  reluctant  to  send 
my  family  away,  but  unless  I  hear  shortly  of  more  assistance  than  a  few  rangers,  I  shall 
bury  my  papers  in  the  ground,  send  my  family  off,  and  stand  my  ground  as  long  as 
possible." 

Craig's  command  reached  Peoria  in  small  row-boats  on  the  5th  of  November,  1812, 
remained  four  days,  and  left  on  the  9th.  In  his  report  to  Governor  Edwards  he  stated 
that  on  his  arrival  at  Peoria  he  was  told  the  Indians  had  all  left,  but  that  he  believed 
from  the  actions  of  the  citizens  the  statements  were  false  ;  that  the  sentinels  on  his  boats 
could  see  them  passing  through  town  with  candles,  and  hear  their  canoes  crossing  the 
river  all  night  during  the  time  he  remained.  On  the  night  of  the  6th  of  November  the 
wind  blew  so  hard  they  were  forced  to  drop  down  the  river  about  a  quarter  of  a  mile  below 
town,  where  the}'  cast  anchor,  but  the  wind  continued  with  such  force  that  their  cable 
parted  and  the  armed  boat  drifted  ashore.  Between  the  break  of  day  and  daylight  on 
the  morning  of  the  7th,  the  boat  was  fired  on,  as  Captain  Craig  thought,  by  ten  or  more 
guns,  not  more  than  thirty  yards  distant  from  the  boat.  Arrangements  were  made  imme- 
diately to  give  the  Indians  battle,  but  it  seems  they  fell  back  and  escaped  as  soon  as  they 
had  discharged  their  pieces.  Immediately  after  daylight  Captain  Ci-aig  landed  his  boats 
opposite  the  center  of  the  village  and  sent  to  know  what  had  become  of  the  citizens,  to 
which  he  received  the  reply  from  those  interrogated  that  they  had  heard  or  seen  nothing 
unusual.  He  then  sent  to  the  jjlace  from  which  his  boat  had  been  fired  upon,  and  found 
plenty  of  tracks  leading  up  to  the  village.  This  was  sufficient  to  convince  Captain  Craig 
that  the  Frenchmen  there  were  not  faithful  to  the  Americans  and  that  they  were  in  league 
with  the  Indians  and  siding  with  the  British,  and  ordered  them  taken  prisoners.  He 
found  them  all  in  one  house,  and  their  guns  were  empty  and  had  the  appearance  of  having 
just  been  discharged.     We  quote  in  full  the  concluding  part  of  Captain  Craig's  report : 

"  I  gave  them  time  to  collect  their  property,  which  was  done  immediately.  Howard's  express  came  on  board 
my  boat  and  told  me  that  seven  of  the  citizens  went  out  (they  said  to  hunt  beef)  the  morning  we  were  fired  upon.  They 
started  about  the  break  of  day,  and  returned  about  daylight.  He  said  perhaps  there  were  more,  for  they  would 
never  let  him  know  what  they  were  going  to  do,  and  would  talk  together  in  his  absence.  We  stayed  two  days  after 
they  were  taken  prisoners.  I  made  them  furnish  their  own  rations  all  the  time  I  kept  them.  I  burnt  down  about 
half  of  the  town  of  Peoria,  and  I  would  have  burnt  the  whole  and  destroyed  all  the  stock,  but  I  still  expected  Hop- 
kins' army  to  pass  the  place.  I  found  four  American  muskets  in  their  possession,  and  one  keg  of  musket  balls,  and 
one  musket  in  the  house  under  the  floor,  and  some  brass  musket  moulds.  On  our  way  down  the  river,  they  were  all 
unarmed.  I  gave  them  permission  to  camp  on  shore,  while  I  anchored  in  the  river.  They  always  preferred  the 
Indian  side  for  their  camping  ground." 

This  is  all  we  find  in  this  report  about  the  old  French  village  of  Peoria.  Captain 
Craig  does  not  give  any  estimate  of  the  population  nor  the  extent  of  improvements,  and 


276  HISTORY  OF  PEORIA  COUNTY. 

much  less  of  the  character  of  the  inhabitants.     Mr.  C.  Ballance,  in  his  history  of  the 
city  of  Peoria,  published  in  1870,  says  on  this  subject : 

"  I  apprehend  that  the  men  LaSalle  and  others  brought  here  were  of  the  lower  class,  and  the  most  ignorant  of 
the  French  population.  If  not.  they  had  woefully  deteriorated  between  the  time  they  were  brought  here  and  the 
destruction  of  their  village.  I  have  not  been  able  to  ascertain  the  population  of  F'eoria,  when  the  village  was  broken 
up  by  Captain  Craig.  Every  man  of  them.  I  believe  is  dead,  except  Robert  Forsyth,  of  St.  Louis,  who  was  then  a 
boy.  I  wrote  to  him  for  a  list  of  them,  as  near  as  his  recollection  could  furnish  it.  and  I  suppo.se  he  knows,  for  be- 
sides being  bom  among  them,  he  spent  fifteen  years  in  hunting  them  up,  and  bringing  and  conducting  suits, 
in  which  he  derived  his  title  through  them;  but  he  has  never  answered  my  letter.  Nor  do  I  find  any  record  or  his- 
tory giving  the  number  of  the  population  at  that  time.  From  all  information  I  possess.  I  can  only  find  the  names  of 
sixteen  men  who  were  there  (here)  at  the  time.  .■Vs  this  statement  will  probably  be  disputed,  I  here  insert  their 
names:  Thomas  Forsyth.  Louis  Pilette,  Jaques  Mette,  Pierre  Lavoisseur  dit  Chamberlain,  Antoine  LeClair,  Michael 
LeCroix.  Francis  Racine, .sen.,  Francis  Racine,  jun.,  John  Baptiste  de  Fond,  Felix  Fon'aine,  Louis  Binet,  llypolite 
Maillel.  Francis  Buche,  Charles  I>aBelle,  Antoine  LePance,  and  Antoine  Hourhonne.  Of  these.  Mich.iel  LeCroix 
escaped  to  Canada  and  accepted  a  commission  from  the  enemy,  and  fought  against  us.  Others  claimed  lots  by  reason 
of  their  residence  at  this  place ;  but  the  proof  on  file  at  the  land  office,  an  abstract  of  which  can  be  found  in  the 
third  volume  of  American  .State  Papers,  page  422,  shows  that  they  had  previously  abandoned  the  place,  some  of 
them  more  than  twenty  years  before.  But  I  will  suppose  I  have  overlooked  some,  which  is  possible,  and  call  the 
number  twenty-five.  Then,  if  these  men  had.  on  an  average  five  in  a  family,  which  is  the  usual  calculation,  we  have 
in  this  village,  that  has  made  so  much  noise  and  caused  so  much  trouble,  a  population  of  one  hundred  and  twenty- 
five  .souls,  all  told  ;  and,  except  these,  I  know  of  no  French  inhabitants  on  the  Illinois  river  in  those  days,  nor  be- 
tween the  Mississippi  and  Wabash,  excepting,  always,  a  very  ancient  Frenchman,  by  the  name  of  Bissow  (pro- 
nounced Hesaw),  who  always  lived  at  Wesley,  then  called  the  Trading  House.  I  have  seen  many  affidavits  and 
other  papers  signed  by  the.se  men,  but  signed  with  a  mark.  I  remember  as  exceptions  to  this  rule  that  Thomu 
F'orsyth,  Michael  LeCroix  and  Antoine  Lal'ance  wrote  their  names.  There  were  probably  others  that  could  write, 
but  I  do  not  remember  them.  I  recollect  no  case  where  a  French  woman  could  write  her  name.  The  depositions  in 
the  Peoria  French  claims  at  Edwardsville,  and  in  the  many  suits  brought  on  them,  will  show  if  I  am  right.  These 
were  fishermen  and  hunters,  and  not  farmers.  All  the  fields  they  pretended  ever  to  have  in  cultivation  amounted  to 
less  than  three  hundred  acres,  even  if  none  of  the  fields  had  been  deserted  before  they  left.  When  the  village  was 
burnt  I  think  they  had  le^s  than  two  hundred  acres  in  cultivation.  They,  however,  sometimes  acted  as  -oyageun  for 
the  Indian  traders,  but  of  manufactures  they  had  none.  They  had  not  a  school-house  or  church,  nor  a  dwelling-house 
that  deserved  the  name.  I  saw  and  examined  the  ground  on  which  their  houses  had  stood,  before  it  was  disturbed, 
and  I  am  able  to  state  that  there  was  not  a  stone  nor  brick  wall  in  the  village,  for  any  purpose,  nor  w.is  there  a  cel- 
lar. Some  of  the  houses  had  a  small  place  excavated  under  the  floor  in  front  of  the  fire-place,  for  potatoes.  Some 
of  the  houses  had  posts  in  the  ground,  and  some  were  framed  with  sills  ;  but  instead  of  being  boarded  up  as  with 
us,  the  space  between  the  posts  was  filled  with  pieces  of  timber  laid  horizontally,  with  mud  between  them.  The 
chimneys  were  made  of  mud  and  sticks.  That  they  had  no  gardens,  in  the  common  acceptation  of  the  term,  is  mani- 
fest from  this  :  many  of  the  cultivated  plants,  when  once  introduced  in  a  place,  will  never  ce.i-se  to  grow  there.  This 
is  true  of  all  the  fruits  that  grow  in  this  climate,  and  it  is  true  of  many  herbs,  and  of  some  culinary  vegetables. 
Every  one  knows  that  long  after  a  farm  is  deserted,  the  apple  trees  and  gooseberry  and  curr.-int  bushes  will  continue 
to  grow;  and  tansey,  flags,  lilies,  mustard  and  many  other  plants,  were  never  known  to  voluntarily  abandon  the 
place  where  they  had  once  grown.  Vet,  when  the  present  population  commenced  to  settle  here,  about  forty  (fifty?) 
years  ago.  there  was  not  to  be  found  in  this  vestige  of  a  tree,  shrub  or  plant  belonging  to  Europe.  They  would  have 
made  wine  of  the  sour  grapes  of  the  woods,  if  they  had  had  sugar  to  a.ssuage  its  acidity  and  cellars  to  preserve  it,  but 
the  sugar  could  not  then  be  afforded,  and  the  cellars  they  had  not.  And  we  know  they  had  no  French  grapes,  for 
the  reason  above — no  vines  remain     *     »     *     »." 

SECOND    EXPEDITION   TO   PEORIA — FORT    CLARK. 

A  second  expedition  to  tlie  Lake  Peoria  country  was  planned  and  carried  out  in  the 
Summer  and  Fall  of  1813.  Large  numbers  of  Indians,  disaflFected  with  the  turn  of  affairs 
between  tlie  British  and  American  Governments,  collected  among  the  Pottawatoraies 
and  Kiekapnos,  from  whence  they  made  frequent  predatory  raitls  on  the  frontiers  of 
Illinois  and  Mi.ssoiiri.  Tliese  harrassments  were  so  annoying  and  tlucatcning  tliat  a  joint 
expedition  from  IliiMois  and  Missouri  was  projected,  an  army  of  itOO  men  were  collected, 
of  whicli  Gen.  Howard  —  who  had  resigned  the  governorsliiii  of  Missouri  to  accept  a 
Brigadier  General's  commission  in  the  United  States  army — was  placed  in  eomntanti. 
Most  of  the  Illinois  troops  concentrated  at  .Camj)  HnsselK  near  Edwardsville,  in  Madison 
county,  from  wlience  one  company  was  (udereil  to  the  Mississippi,  at  a  juiint  called  the 
Piasa,  opposite  the  Portage  dfsSitnix,  wliere  it  remained  several  wei'ks.  during  which  time 
the  men  siifft-red  seriously  from  sickness.  The  Illinois  troops  were  organized  as  the 
set'Ohil  regimenlh,  with  Benjamin  Stephenson,  of  Randolph  county,  as  colonel ;  W.  B. 
Whiteside  and  John   Moredock,  majors,  and   Joseph   Phillips,  Samuel   Judy,  Nathaniel 


niSTORY  OF   PEORIA  COUNTY.  277 

m 

Journey  and  Samuel  Whiteside  as  captains.  When  the  time  for  the  forward  movement 
came,  the  lUiuoisans  marched  up  the  Slississippi  river  by  companies,  to  the  Illinois,  which 
they  crossed  a  few  miles  above  its  mouth.  The  Missouri  division  marched  up  the  west 
side  of  the  Mississippi  for  a  distance  of  one  hundred  miles,  and  crossed  to  Illinois,  at  Fort 
Mason,  where  a  junction  wns  formed  with  the  Illinois  division.  The  Missourians  crossed 
the  Mississippi  by  swimming  their  horses,  on  which  they  were  mounted,  naked.  Their 
clothes  were  carried  across  on  a  platform  supported  by  two  canoes.  The  Missouri  division 
was  commanded  by  Colonel  McNair,  who  was  afterwards  made  Governor  of  the  State. 
After  crossing,  the  whole  force  was  re-organized,  of  which  General  Howard  was  commander- 
in-chief. 

After  the  re-organization  was  perfected,  the  march  was  continued  up  the  Mississippi, 
and  at  the  present  site  of  Quincy,  the  column  passed  the  Indian  camp  and  village,  which 
had  recently  been  deserted,  and  supposed  to  have  contained  one  thousand  Sac  warriors. 
At  "  Two  Rivers,"  the  army  turned  east,  and  crossed  the  high  prairies  to  the  Illinois, 
near  the  mouth  of  Spoon  river,  and  not  far  from  the  present  site  of  the  city  of  Havana, 
where  the  provision  boats  were  met,  and  to  which  the  sick  were  transferred.  The  march 
was  then  continued  up  the  Illinois  to  Peoria,  where  there  was  a  small  stockade  in  charge 
of  Captain  Nicholas,  of  the  U.  S.  army.  Two  days  before  the  arrival  of  General  Howard's 
command,  the  Indians  had  attacked  the  stockade,  bnt  were  defeated  and  driven  away. 

In  the  heart  of  the  enemy's  country,  accustomed  to  the  stealthy  habits  of  the  Indians, 
and  the  troops  being  without  thorough  discipline,  unprovoked  night  alarms  were  of  fre- 
quent occurrence.  The  troops  were  often  paraded  and  ordered  to  arms  ;  and  under  the 
general  excitement  incident  to  a  constant  dread  of  an  attack,  and  not  knowing  from 
which  side  the  attack  would  come,  every  little  noise  added  to  the  uneasiness  of  the  situ- 
ation ;  guns  were  incautiously  discharged,  and  a  state  of  constant  alarm  existed.  In  one 
of  these  panicky  spells,  one  of  the  troopers,  a  young  Kentuckian,  was  shot  dead  by  a 
terror-stricken  sentinel.  "All  this  time,"  says  the  authority  from  which  we  quote,  "  the 
Indians  were  far  awa3\" 

From  Peoria,  Howard's  army  went  up  the  river  as  far  as  Gomo's  village,  at  the  pres- 
ent site  of  Chillicothe,  but  the  Indians  had  fled.  After  burning  two  of  the  deserted 
villages,  the  command  made  a  retrograde  movement  to  Peoria  Lake,  and  went  into  camp 
at  the  outlet,  and  remained  several  weeks.  As  a  precautionary  measure  of  safety  and 
protection  in  case  of  a  sudden  Indian  attack,  a  small  stockade  was  built,  which  was  named 
Fort  Clark,  in  honor  and  memory  of  General  George  Rogers  Clark,  the  hero  of  Vincennes 
and  Kaskaskia,  whose  gallant  exploits  in  connection  with  the  early  history  of  the  Illinois 
country  are  elsewhere  detailed. 

While  Howard's  army  remained  here,  Major  Christy,  of  the  Missouri  division,  was 
sent  up  the  river  as  far  as  the  rapids  to  rout  and  chastise  such  of  the  enemy  as  might 
have  stopped  in  that  region.  Major  Boone,  with  another  detachment,  was  sent  out  to 
scour  the  country  in  the  direction  of  Spoon  and  Rock  rivers,  for  a  like  purpose.  Both 
expeditions  returned  without  finding  any  signs  of  Indians,  except  the  signs  of  alarm  and 
retreat.  In  October  the  army  left  the  port  and  took  up  its  line  of  march  for  Camp  Rus- 
sell, and  arrived  there  on  the  22nd  day  of  that  month,  181.3. 

Fort  Clark  is  thus  described  by  Mr.  C.  Ballance.  It  was  a  simple  stockade,  con- 
structed by  planting  two  rows  of  logs  firmly  in  the  ground,  near  each  other,  and  filling 
the  space  between  them  with  earth.  This,  of  course,  was  not  intended  as  a  defense 
against  artillery,  of  which  the  Indians  had  none.  This  fort  was  about  one  hundred  feet 
square,  with  a  ditch  along  each  side.  It  did  not  stand  with  a  side  to  the  lake,  but  with 
a  corner  towards  it.  The  corner  farthest  from  the  lake  was  on  the  upper  side  of  Water 
street,  near  the  intersection  of  the  upper  line  of  Water  and  Liberty  streets.  From  there 
the  west  line  ran  diagonally  across  the  intersection  of  Water  and  Liberty  streets,  nearly 
to  the  corner  of  the  transportation  warehouse,  at  the  lower  corner  of  Liberty  and  Water 


278  HISTORY   OF   PEOniA   COUNTY. 

streets.  At  this  corner  was  what  I  suppose  military  men  would  call  a  bastion  ;  that  is 
there  was  a  projectinj^  corner  made  in  the  same  manner  as  the  side  walls,  and  so  construct- 
ed, as  I  imagine,  as  to  accommodate  a  small  cannon  to  command  the  ditches.  And  the 
same  had,  no  doubt,  been  at  the  opposite  corner,  but  when  I  came  to  the  country  in  No- 
vember, 1831,  there  was  no  vestige  of  it  remaining,  In  fact,  at  tliat  time  there  was 
but  little  to  show  that  there  had  ever  been  a  fortification  there,  except  some  burnt  post* 
along  the  west  side,  and  a  square  of  some  ten  or  twelve  feet  at  the  south  corner  witli  a 
ditch  nearly  filled  up,  on  two  sides  of  it,  and  on  the  west  side  of  the  square.  The  fort 
had  been  burnt  down  to  the  embankment  of  this  square  and  of  the  west  side,  after  which 
the  embankments  had  been  mostly  worn  away  by  the  rains  and  other  means  until  that 
part  of  the  logs  that  was  under  ground  had  become  charred  posts.  Some  of  them,  how- 
ever, had  become  entirely  decayed  and  were  gone.  On  the  other  sides  there  was  but 
little  to  be  seen  of  logs  or  embankment.  I  lived  where  the  transportation  warehouse  is 
for  more  than  ten  years,  and  when  I  leveled  down  the  southerly  angle,  for  my  own  con- 
venience, one  of  those  posts  become  high  enough  and  was  strong  enough  for  a  hitching 
post,  and  I  employed  a  blacksmith,  Isaac  Evans,  to  put  liooks  in  it  for  that  purpose. 
That  post  was  thus  used  until  I  removed  from  there  in  May.  1844.  It  was  then  taken 
up  by  Mr.  Drown,  and  sawed  up  into  walking  canes  and  sold  on  speculation  at  fifty  cents 
each.  " 

Colonel  G.  J.  Hubbard,  an  Indian  trader  in  Illinois,  was  prominently  identified  with 
the  affairs  of  the  commonwealth  and  of  Chicago  in  after  years,  is  authority  for  the  state- 
ment that  Fort  Clark  was  burned  by  the  Indians  in  the  latter  part  of  the  year  1818.  In 
a  letter  to  Mr.  Ballance,  under  date  of  "  Chicago,  Dec.  30th,  1867,"  he  says : 

"  I  have  to  say  that  I  was  in  Peoria  in  the  last  days  of  l8l3,  for  the  first  time  on  my  way  to  St.  Louis  passing 
there,  returning  about  the  2oth  November,  and  wintering  about  one  mile  above  Hennepin.  It  was  my  6rst  year  as 
Indian  trader. 

"  As  we  rounded  the  point  of  the  lake  above  Peoria,  on  our  down  trip  we  noticed  that  old  Fort  Clark  was  on 
fire,  just  blazing  up.  Reaching  it,  we  found  about  two  hundred  Indians  congregated,  enjoying  a  war  dance,  painted 
hideously,  with  scalps  on  their  spears  and  in  their  sashes,  which  they  had  taken  from  the  heads  of  Americans,  in  the 
war  with  Great  Britain  from  1812  to  1S15.  They  were  dancing,  rehearsing  their  deeds  of  bravery,  etc.  These  were 
the  only  people  then  there,  or  in  that  vicinity." 

This  statement  of  Colonel  Hubbard  has  been  the  subject  of  some  controversy,  as  af)- 
pears  from  a  paragraph  on  page  forty-four  of  Ballance's  History  of  Peoria,  in  which  he 
writes : 

"Since  writing  the  above  I  have  talked  with  Josiah  Fulton  and  William  lilanchard  who  first  came  here  in  1 8 19, 
and  they  are  both  positive  that  they  found  it  (the  fort)  on  fire,  and  put  it  out.  Perhaps  they  are  both  right.  Per- 
haps when  it  was  first  set  on  fire  it  was  only  partly  consumed.  Earth  having  been  filled  in  between  the  pickets,  they 
would  not  burn  fast,  and  the  fire  would  be  easily  extinguished." 

On  page  forty-five,  Mr.  Ballance  says:  "In  the  Spring  of  1S19,  seven  men.  then 
living  in  a  settlement  called  Shoal  Creek,  Clinton  County,  Illinois,  to  wit  —  Abner  Eads, 
Joseph  Hersey,  Seth  F'ulton  and  Josiah  Fulton,  S.  Dougherty,  J.  Davis,  and  T.  Russell, 
made  up  a  company  to  emigrate  to  Peoria,  then  calleil  Fort  Clark.  Eads  and  Hersey 
came  through  by  land  witli  two  pack-horses.  The  others  came  up  the  Mississippi  and 
Illinois  rivers  in  what  was  then  known  in  the  west  as  a  keel  boat." 

Mr.  Blanchard's  name  does  not  appear  in  this  paragraph.  And,  according  to  Mr. 
Ballance's  own  statement  (see  page  forty-seven  in  hi.story  of  Peoria"),  that  gentleman  did 
not  come  until  alK)ut  the  10th  of  June  oi' that  year.  Eads  and  Hersey  arrived  "on  the 
10th  day  of  April,  1  Si'.),  and  pilciied  tiieir  teiiLs  a;,'aiiist  some  of  the  remaining  timbers 
of  P\jrt  Clark,  which  iiad  l)eeii  burnt  by  the  Indians."  The  other  live  men  arrived  on 
the  17th.  If  Mr.  Fulton  came  in  April  and  found  the  fort  on  fire,  how  could  Mr. 
Blanchard,  who  did  not  come  until  June,  help  him  extinguish  the  burning  timbers? 
But  Mr.  Fulton  said  to  tiie  writer  on  the  •27th  of  September,  1879,  that  only  the  west 
side  of  the  fort  was  burned  away  when  he  came  here  in  April,  1819.      This   is  no  doubt 


HISTORY   OF  PEORIA   COUNTY.  279 

true,  for  it  has  always  been  stated  that  Eads  and  Hersey,  who  arrived  on  the  15th  of 
April,  of  tliat  year,  pitched  tlieir  tents  against  one  side  of  the  fort.  Hence  Colonel 
Hubbard  is  right  in  so  far  as  one  side  of  Fort  Clark  was  burned  in  the  last  days  of  the 
year  1818.  The  other  parts  of  it  were  burned  at  a  later  period,  and  at  a  time  wlien 
Fulton  and  Blanchard  were  present  and  extinguished  the  flames,  as  Mr.  Fulton  claims 
they  did,  but  does  not  fix  the  date. 


CHAPTER    III. 

AMERICAN    OCCUPATION. 

1813.  i8ig:  The  Shoal  Creek  Colony — Keel  Boats — Horse-back  Trip  up  the  Illinois  River — Arrival  at  Fort 
Clark — -First  American  Habitations  —  Captain  Jude  Warner  and  his  Fishing  Smack  —  Moving  Across  the 
Trackless  Prairies  —  Arrival  of  Mrs.  Eads  —  Isolation  —  First  Crops  —  A  Hard  Winter  —  Scarcity  of  Provisions 
—  Hominy  Blocks  and  Hominy  —  Primitive  Mills  —  Growth  of  the  Settlement  — ■  Difficulties  in  the  Way  of 
Immigration  —  Personal  —  An  Indian  Murder  —  Capt.  Jude  Warner's  Crew  —  William  Blouchard  —  First  Mar- 
riage License  —  A  Dream  and  What  Came  of  It  —  First  Shoemaker  —  John  Hamlin,  Judge  Lockwood,  Judge 
Latham,  and  the  Moffatts  —  Primitive  Beauty  of  the  Situation  —  LaSalle  Prairie  or  the  "  Upper  Settlement  " — 
Spread  of  Settlements —  Peoria  in  1832. 

Between  October,  1813,  and  the  Spring  of  1819,  there  is  a  blank  in  the  history  of 
Fort  Clark.  The  garrison  that  had  occupied  it  had  been  withdrawn,  and  there  is  no  evi- 
dence to  show  the  presence  of  white  men  anywhere  in  the  vicinity,  unless  it  were  the  U. 
S.  soldiers  garrisoned  at  Fort  Clark,  and  the  surveyors  of  the  military  tract  in  1816-17  ; 
hence  we  are  left  to  conclude  that  the  country  was  occupied  only  by  wild  beasts  as  a 
grazing  place,  and  as  a  hunting  ground  by  the  Indians.  But,  with  a  diversity  of  soil, 
an  abundance  of  good  water,  and  a  most  desirable  climate,  it  could  not  long  remain  in 
unproductive  idleness.  First,  the  country  had  been  traversed  by  a  small  arm}^  in  1812, 
of  which  Captain  Craig's  company  formed  a  part,  and  again  in  September  and  October, 
1813,  by  the  army  of  General  Howard.  These  armies  were  made  up  of  Kentuckians, 
Missourians,  and  men  from  the  southern  part  of  Illinois,  with  probably  some  from  Vir- 
ginia and  other  States.  When  they  were  discharged  fi'om  service  and  returned  home, 
they  carried  with  them  golden  stories  about  the  country's  beauty  and  fertility  of  soil. 
These  stories  were  heralded  wherever  the  discharged  soldiers  went,  and  wherever  their 
friends  were  found.  Under  such  circumstances  Illinois  soon  come  to  be  regarded  as  a 
region  of  unsurpassed  excellence  —  a  very  Valparaiso  *  where  nature  had  lavished  her 
fondest  touches  and  stored  her  richest  treasures. 

In  the  early  Spring  of  1819  a  small  colony  was  made  up  from  among  the  settlers  on 
Shoal  creek,  in  Clinton  county,  to  found  a  settlement  on  what  was  then  called  Mauves- 
terre  Prairie,  near  the  present  site  of  Naples.  This  colony  was  represented  by  Abnear 
Eads,  Seth  Fulton  and  Josiah  Fulton,  Virginians  by  birth  ;  Joseph  Hersey,  a  New  York- 
er ;  S.  Daugherty,  J.  Davis  and  T.  Russell,  of  Kentucky  parentage  and  birth.  They  left 
Shoal  creek  in  the  last  days  of  March  and  traveled  across  the  country  (forty  miles)  to 
St.  Louis  on  foot.     There  they  purchased  a  keel-boatf  and  other  necessaries  preparatory 

♦Spanish  for  Vale  of  Paradise. 
• 

f  Keel-boats  were  built  something  like  a  modern  barge,  only  their  hulls  were  lower.  They  were  from  50  to  80 
feet  long,  and  from  10  to  15  feet  beam,  and  from  2  to  2'/^  feet  hold.  On  the  deck  was  built  the  "  cargo  box,"  which 
generally  extended  to  within  about  ten  feet  of  each  end  and  set  in  from  the  gunwale  about  two  feet  on  each  side,  leaving  a 
gangway  or  "  walking-board,"  as  it  was  called,  on  each  side  the  whole  length  of  the  boat.  Sometimes  on  small  boats 
these  walking-boards  projected  over  the  hull.  The  rudder  was  a  long  sweep,  something  like  a  gigantic  oar.  The 
keel-boat  was  propelled  by  sails,  by  rowing,  poling,  bushwacking,  cordelling  and  warping.  When  the  water  was  high 
or  the  boat  was  running  close  in  shore,  the  crew  would  grasp  the  bushes  growing  on  the  bank  and  pull  the  boat  up 


280  HISTORY   op   PEORIA   COl-XTY. 

to  the  trip  up  the  Illinois.  Eads  and  Herse}-  returned  to  Shoal  creek  for  a  pair  of  horses, 
while  the  other  five  proceeded  up  the  river  to  their  point  of  destination,  where  they  ar- 
rived in  safet}',  and  where  they  were  soon  .joined  by  their  two  companions,  Eads  and 
Hersey,  with  their  two  horses.  After  a  careful  examination  of  the  country  around  there, 
they  were  not  satisfied,  and  Eads  having  heard  from  a  French  trader  of  the  beauties  of 
the  country  around  Fort  Clark,  they  determined  to  pusli  on  to  this  place.  They  launched 
their  boat  and  ferried  their  horses  across  to  the  west  side  of  the  Illinois  river,  where  Eads 
and  Hersey  mounted  them  and  struck  out  for  Fort  Clark.  The  country  wa.s  swampy  and 
the  waters  high  at  that  season  of  the  year,  and  they  either  swam  or  forded  all  the  streams 
on  the  route,  and  arrived  at  Fort  Clark  on  the  15th,  and  made  a  camping  place  against 
one  side  of  the  remaining  timbers.  The  other  five  men,  the  two  Fultons,  Daugherty, 
Davis  and  Russell,  were  left  to  the  management  of  the  boat  and  the  care  of  its  cargo. 
"  On  the  17th,"  says  Mr.  Fulton,  "  Eads  hailed  a  deserter  from  Fort  Dearborn  (Chicago), 
who  was  coming  down  the  river  in  a  canoe,  and  joining  him  as  a  passenger,  started  out 
to  see  what  had  become  of  their  friends  and  outfit.  He  met  them  in  the  vicinity  of  La 
Marsh  creek,  slowly  forcing  their  way  against  the  current,  and  returned  with  them  to  the 
camp  at  Fort  Clark,  on  the  afternoon  of  the  same  da}',  the  17th.  They  were  pleased 
with  the  lay  of  the  land,  and  determined  to  remain  here  and  found  a  settlement. 

"  We  found."  continues  Mr.  Fulton,  "the  walls  of  two  small  log  cabins,  which  we 
supposed  to  have  been  built  by  the  soldiers  of  the  garrison  stationed  here,  and  at  once 
set  to  work  to  cover  them  over  and  finish  them  up  for  dwelling  places.  While  we  were  em- 
ployed at  this  work,  we  made  out  to  be  comfortaijle  in  the  shelter  of  our  tents  and  boat. 
The  cabins  stood  in  what  is  now  Water  Street,  and  almost  directly  in  front  of  the  Ger- 
mania  Hall  Building.  These  cabins  were  the  first  American  dwelling  jjlaces  at  what  is 
now  the  city  of  Peoria. 

'*  There  were  also  rails  enough,  which  the  soldiers  had  made,  to  enclose  fifteen  acres 
of  ground.  The  ground  was  broken  up  and  planted  to  corn  and  potatoes,  from  which  a 
pretty  good  crop  was  gathered  in  the  Fall.  The  north  line  of  that  first  field  ran  west 
from  the  river,  and  not  far  from  Fulton  Street. 

"About  the  first  of  June,  Eads,  Fulton  and  Daugherty  returned  to  Shoal  creek  with 
their  two  horses  to  move  Eads'  family,  consisting  of  his  wife  and  three  children,  to  their 
new  home.  After  settling  up  his  affairs  in  that  neighborhood,  Eads  loaded  his  household 
effects,  wife  and  children  on  a  two-horse  wagon,  and  headed  across  the  country  in  the 
direction  of  the  beginning  of  Peoria — the  new  settlement  at  Fort  Clark.  They  reached 
and  crossed  the  Illinois  river,  at  the  present  site  of  Wesle}*  City,  wliere  there  was  a 
trading  post,  and  where  Indians  and  Indian  canoes  were  nearly  always  to  be  found. 
Some  of  the  canoes  were  secured,  the  household  goods  were  unloaded  from  the  wagon, 
and  with  the  family  transferred  to  the  canoes,  and  carried  over  to  the  west  side  of  the 
river.  The  wagon  was  taken  to  pieces  and  carried  in  the  same  manner.  The  horses  and 
cattle  were  made  to  swim  across. 

"After  Eads  and  liis  family  were  landed  on  this  side  of  the  river,  the  balance  of  the 
trip  to  the  location  of  the  new  colony  only  required  a  few  hours,  and  it  was  not  long  until 
the  presence  of  his  wife  relieved  the  monotony  of  bachelor  life  in  the  wilderness.  Mrs. 
Eads  was  the  tirst  American  woman  to  see  the  site  of  Peoria." 

While  Eads  and  his  family  was  toiling  over  the  prairie,  where  roads  were  unknown, 
Captain  Jude  Warner  arrived  in  the  lake  from  St.  Louis  with  a  small  fishing  smack. 
They  made  the  trip  from  St.   Louis  in  a  keel-boat,  and  brought  seines,  salt,  etc.,  and 

tiver.  This  was  called  "  Imshwacking."  Sometimes  a  long  line  or  rope  wouUl  be  attached  to  the  masi,  and  the  crew, 
walking  on  the  shore  with  the  other  end,  towed  the  crad  up  stream.  This  was  "cordelling."  At  other  times  when 
corHclling  was  inipraclicihle,  in  crossing  rapids,  a  long  line  would  be  carried  ahead  and  made  fast  to  a  tree  or  rock, 
or  to  a  small  anchor,  and  the  crew  in  the  boat,  taking  the  line  over  their  .shoulders,  would  walk  from  bow  to  stern, 
drop  the  rope,  then  walking  back  on  the  other  side  to  the  bow,  take  it  up  again  in  the  rear  of  the  others,  and  thus 
keep  the  boat  in  motion. 


HISTORY   OF  PEORIA   COUNTY.  281 

came  to  spend  the  season  catching  and  salting  fish,  with  which  the  lake  then  abounded. 
Only  the  choice  kinds,  such  as  bass,  pickerel,  pike,  etc  ,  were  saved,  and  these  found  a 
ready  market  at  St.  Louis  and  Louisville  at  sixteen  dollars  per  barrel. 

Warner's  company,  on  arrival,  consisted  of  Isaac  De  Boice,  James  Goff,  William 
Blanchard,  David  Barnes,  Charles  Sargent,  and  Theodore  Sargent.  The  arrival  of  this 
fishing  party  increased  the  number  of  men  at  Fort  Clark  to  fourteen,  "  and  we  were  just 
about  as  happy  a  little  circle,"  says  Mr.  Fulton,  "  as  has  ever  lived  in  Peoria.  We  were 
isolated,  completely  shut  out  from  the  rest  of  mankind,  it  is  true.  We  heard  but  little 
from  the  outside  world,  and  the  outside  world  heard  but  little  from  us.  But  little  was 
known  at  that  time  about  the  Fort  Clark  country.  There  were  no  roads,  nor  steamboats, 
nor  mail  routes,  nor  communication  of  any  kind,  so  that  in  point  of  fact,  we  were  as  much 
a  community  by  ourselves,  as  if  our  cabins  had  been  built  on  an  island  in  the  middle  of 
the  sea.  Our  post-office  was  St.  Louis,  and  we  never  got  our  mail,  those  of  us  who  got 
any,  only  when  we  went  there  for  supplies,  and  then  our  letters, cost  us  twenty-five 
cents,  and  we  couldn't  muster  that  much  money  every  day. 

"  Mrs.  Eads  was  duly  installed  as  housekeeper,  and  the  rest  of  the  company,  except 
Hersey,  who  didn't  remain  long,  boarded  with  her.  It  was  a  pretty  hard  Winter  on  us, 
but  we  managed  to  get  through.  Breadstuff  gave  out  and  we  had  to  fall  back  on 
hominy-blocks  and  hominy.  It  was  a  coarse  kind  of  food  we  got  this  way,  but  it  was  a 
good  deal  better  than  none,  and  served  to  keep  hunger  away.  Hominy  blocks  went  out 
of  use  long  ago,  and  there  are  thousand  of  people  in  Peoria  count}'  that  never  saw  one, 
but  they  were  a  blessing  to  hundreds  of  the  pioneers  to  Ohio,  Indiana,  Michigan,  Illinois, 
Iowa,  and  in  fact  to  the  first  settlers  of  the  entire  country,  and  were  the  means  of  keep- 
ing many  of  the  pioneers  and  their  little  ones  from  starving  to  death. " 

Hominy  blocks  are  so  long  out  of  use  that  a  description  of  them  is  introduced  here 
as  pertinent  to  the  memory  of  pioneer  times.  They  were  made  from  a  section  of  a  suit- 
ably sized  tree,  say  from  twenty  inches  to  two  feet  in  diameter.  The  tree  was  felled,  and 
the  stump  and  squared  or  "butted"  with  a  cross-cut  saw  or  the  axe.  The  desired 
length,  three  to  four  feet  was  then  measured  off,  and  the  axe  or  cross-cut  saw  again 
brought  into  requisition,  and  the  section  or  block  cut  off.  It  was  then  hauled  or  rolled 
if  there  happened  to  be  no  teams  at  hand,  to  the  cabin  of  the  settler  where  it  was  set  on 
one  end,  and  the  work  of  preparation  continued.  The  mortar  end  was  made  by  boring 
or  burning  out.  Sometimes  both  fire  and  auger  were  used,  the  auger  first,  and  then  the 
fire.  The  holes  were  bored  slopingly  from  near  the  outer  edge  towards  the  center,  the 
auger  being  directed  so  as  to  attain  the  required  depth,  and  have  the  several  holes  meet 
at  a  common  center.  A  fire  was  then  started  at  the  bottom  of  the  auger  holes,  and  care- 
fully watched  until  the  end  had  burned  out.  Th^n  the  "ragged  edges"  were  dressed 
away  with  such  tools  as  happened  to  be  most  convenient,  after  which  it  was  ready  for 
use.  The  pestle  or  crusher  was  made  by  fastening  an  iron  wedge,  with  the  large  end 
down,  in  a  block  of  wood.  Sometimes  the  wedge  was  fastened  to  a  spring  stick 
attached  to  an  upright  post,  like  an  old  fashioned  well-sweep,  to  which  handles  were 
attached,  when  the  operator  commenced  pounding,  the  elasticity  of  the  spring  stick 
lightening  the  labor  by  raising  the  wedge  after  it  had  struck  the  coim.  Sometimes  one 
hominy  block  would  serve  a  whole  neighborhood.  With  hominy,  venison,  wild  turkey, 
wild  honey,  and  wild  fruit,  and  plenty  of  fish,  the  pioneers  in  most  of  Illinois  fared 
sumptuously.     At  least  with  such  fare  there  was  not  much  danger  of  starving. 

But  it  was  not  long  after  settlements  were  commenced  until  mills,  of  some  kind, 
superseded  the  hominy  blocks.  Some  of  the  first  mills  were  very  primitive  concerns. 
They  were  made  of  two  prairie  boulders,  fashioned  like  ordinary  mill-stones.  One  of^ 
them  was  fastened  to  a  beam  or  block  of  wood,  and  served  as  a  lower  mill-stone.  An 
eye  was  drilled  through  the  one  intended  for  the  upper  stone,  which  was  hung  as  all 
mill-stones  are  hung.  This  kind  of  mill  was  operated  with  an  upright  stick,  one  end  of 
19 


282  HISTORY   OF  PEORIA   COrvn*. 

which  rested  in  a  socket  drilled  towards  one  side  of  the  upper  stone,  and  the  other  end 
in  a  socket  or  auger  hole  in  a  beam  overhead.  Such  mills  were  usually  operated  by  two 
men.  There  were  no  hoppers,  and  while  each  of  the  two  operators  took  hold  of  the  up- 
right stick  with  one  hand  giving  it  a  circular  motion,  and  turned  the  upper  stone,  they 
fed  the  grain  into  the  eye  of  the  revolving  stone  with  the  other.  Many  hundreds  of 
bushels  of  corn  and  l)uckwheat  were  ground  in  this  way  in  the  first  settlement  of  the 
western  country.  There  was  no  bolting  apparatus,  and  the  only  refining  process  to  which 
the  meal  or  flour  was  subjected  after  leaving  these  hand  mills,  was  a  wire  sieve.  Under 
the  manipulations  of  the  pioneer  mothers,  corn  meal  ground  at  tliese  mills  made  the  best 
kind  of  Johnnie-cakes  —  that  is  made  in  dough  of  the  proper  consistency,  spread  on  a 
board  and  baked  before  the  fire  in  an  old-fashioned  open  fireplace. 

The  Shoal  Creek  pioneers  were  soon  followed  by  others,  although  tlie  settlement  of 
the  country  was  very  slow  as  compared  with  that  of  many  of  the  northern  counties  after 
settlements  commenced  there,  or  of  Iowa,  Kansas,  Nebraska,  Minnesota  and  Wisconsin. 
It  must  be  remembered,  however,  that  1819  was  a  long  while  ago.  Ohio,  as  a  separate 
organization,  was  only  in  its  teens,  and  but  very  little  of  its  territory,  comparatively 
speaking,  occupied  by  settlements.  Hundreds  of  thousands  of  acres  of  the  lands  were 
vacant,  and  Illinois  was  "  away  out  west,"  Indiana,  with  millions  of  acres  of  unoccupied 
land  and  a  climate  equally  as  good  as  Illinois,  was  awaiting  settlement.  Tlien  come  the 
other  great  facts  —  the  great  distance  of  Illinois  from  the  centers  of  civilization,  and  the 
difiBculty  and  trouble  of  getting  here.  There  were  no  railroads  in  those  days  to  reduce 
distance  to  hours,  nor  steamboats  to  defy  wind  and  waves.  The  first  steamboat,  the 
Clermont,  the  invention  of  Robert  Fulton,  had  been  launched  on  the  Hudson  river  in 
1807,  only  twelve  years  before  this  settlement  was  commenced.  Ten  years  passed  away 
after  the  launching  of  the  Clermont  before  steamboats  were  introduced  on  Western 
waters.  On  the  'Id  day  of  August,  1817,  not  quite  two  yeai-s  before  the  Shoal  Creek 
colony  came  to  Fort  Clark,  the  General  Pike,  tiie  first  steamboat  on  the  Mississippi,  as- 
cended as  far  as  St.  Louis.  Previous  to  that  time,  all  foreign  products  consumed  in 
Illinois  were  first  brought  to  New  Orleans  in  ocean  sail  vessels,  and  from  New  Orleans 
they  were  brought  up  the  Mississippi  in  keel-boats,  whicii,  witli  their  mode  of  manage- 
ment, have  already  been  described.  Wlien  not  brought  tluvt  way,  they  were  wagoned 
across  the  Alleghany  mountains  from  Philadelphia  to  Pittsburgh,  or  from  Baltimore  to 
Wheeling,  thence  floated  down  the  Ohio  river  in  flat  boats,  landed  at  convenient  points, 
and  wagoned  to  their  final  destination.  A  trip  witii  keel-boats  from  St.  Louis  to  New 
Orleans  and  return  generally  consumed  six  months.  As  stated  elsewhere,  the  most  of 
the  settlers  in  the  soutliern  part  of  the  Stale  came  l)y  keel-boat><,  or  family  boats  —  i.  e. 
boats  made  expressly  for  the  journey,  in  whicli  several  families  liad  a  co-interest. 

Steam  railroads  were  not  introduced  in  tlie  United  States  until  182!t  —  ten  years  after 
the  date  of  tlie  planting  of  the  colony  at  Fort  Clark,  aiul  it  was  more  than  a  quarter  of  a 
century  after  that  before  iron  ways  and  steam  locomotive  whistles  were  known  in  Illinois. 
In  addition  to  the  absence  of  steamboats  and  railroads,  there  were  neither  canals,  wagou 
roads  or  bridges,  and  it  was  a  long  tedious  way  to  come  down  the  Ohio  and  up  the  Alis- 
sissippi  and  Illinois,  or  by  the  lakes  and  down  a  Inindred  miles  overland  to  the  navigable 
waters  of  the  Illinois  and  Mississippi.  Besides  all  these  obstacles,  it  was  more  than  a 
hundred  miles  from  the  centers  of  emigration  to  either  the  lakes  or  the  Ohio.  These 
were  all  hindrances  to  travel  and  immigiation,  and  under  them  it  was  not  to  be  wondered 
at  that  the  country  settled  up  slowly. 

TERSONAL. 

Of  the  first  seven  men  who  came  to  Fort  Clark  in  1819:  Josiah  and  Seth  Fulton 
went  across  the  river  in  1820,  selected  a  claim  on  Farm  creek,  at  the  place  now  owned 
by  Thomas  Cornlin,  and  commenced  to  make  a  farm.     They  sold  that  claim   in   1824, 


HISTORY  OF  PEORIA  COUNTY.  283 

after  which  Josiah  pre-empted  the  quarter  section  now  owned  by  William  Hall,  near 
Peoria.  He  subsequently  sold  that,  and  in  the  Fall  of  1832  bought  what  is  known 
as  the  "  Pulsifer  Eighty,"  and  in  1834  settled  at  his  present  residence  in  Richwoods. 

Seth  Fulton  lived  at  different  places,  part  of  the  time  at  the  lead  mines  at  Galena, 
and  is  now  residing  with  a  son  in  Henry  county. 

Abner  Eads  bought  the  quarter  section  which  includes  the  old  Peoria  graveyard, 
and  began  to  improve  it.  He  subsequently  bought  a  timbered  quarter  section  on  the 
south  side  of  Kickapoo  creek,  now  cut  up  in  coal  lots,  and  commenced  to  make  improve- 
ments there.  About  1833  he  moved  to  Galena  and  engaged  in  business  until  1854,  when 
he  went  to  the  Pacific  slope  and  commenced  to  make  a  farm  in  Lower  California.  After 
he  had  the  farm  well  under  way,  he  started  back  for  his  family,  which  he  had  left  at  Ga- 
lena. On  the  trip  homeward  he  contracted  was  was  called  the  Chagres  fever,  died  and 
was  buried  at  St.  Louis. 

Daugherty  was  a  wild,  reckless,  daring  Kentuckian,  and  was  never  better  pleased 
than  when  he  could  engage  in  a  fight.  He  did  not  remain  long  in  the  country.  An  in- 
cident occurred  while  he  remained  with  the  little  colony,  at  one  of  the  cabins,  the  rela- 
tion of  which  will  serve  to  illustrate  his  character.  Some  Virginians  had  come  to  Fort 
Clark  to  locate  some  land  for  which  they  held  military  warrants,  and  were  guests  at  the 
Eads  cabin.  One  evening  while  they  were  here,  three  Indians  came  into  the  door  yard 
having  in  their  possession  a  bottle  of  "  fire  water."  Two  of  them  belonged  to  one  tribe, 
and  the  other  to  a  different  band.  They  were  friendly  with  the  white  colonists,  but 
soon  began  to  quarrel  among  themselves.  At  last  one  of  the  two  kindred  red  men 
gathered  up  a  club,  and,  in  the  presence  of  the  "pale-faced  "  spectators,  dealt  the  "lone 
Indian  "  a  blow  on  the  head  that  felled  him  a  corpse  at  their  feet.  The  Virginians  were 
shocked  and  frightened,  and  declared  that  they  would  not  remain  a  week  in  the  country 
for  all  the  land  in  the  military  tract.  They  urged  the  Shoal  Creekers  to  abandon  their 
cabins  and  flee  to  a  land  of  civilization  and  safety,  and  wanted  to  know  how  they  could 
think  of  remaining  in  such  a  heathenish,  outlandish  country,  where  their  lives  were  in 
danger  of  being  sacrificed  to  the  fury  of  drunken  Indians  every  hour.  Daugherty 
had  drank  enough  with  the  Indians  to  arouse  his  recklessness,  and  he  replied  to  the 
Virginians  something  like  this :  "  O,  that's  nothing  but  fun.  We  are  used  to  that 
kind  of  thing,  and  if  you  are  so  chicken-hearted  you  can't  stand  to  see  one  Indian  kill 
another  without  getting  scared,  you'd  better  git.  We  have  no  use  for  such  critters  in 
this   part  of  the  country.     Them  that  don't  know  any  thing,  don't  fear  any  thing.     You 

may  go,  but  by  G d  we're  going  to  stay."     But  he  didn't  stay  long,  not  because  he 

was  afraid  to  remain,  for  Fulton  says   he  didnt  "  know  any  thing,"  and  consequently" 
wasn't   "  afraid  of  any  thing,"  but   because   whisky  and   fighting  white  men  were  too 
scarce  ;  so  he  turned  his   back  upon  Fort  Clark  and  drifted  down  the  river  and  out  of 
sight. 

Hersey,  the  "New  York  Dutchman,"  as  he  was  called,  went  down  to  the  southern 
part  of  the  State  and,  with  another  man,  got  into  trouble  in  trying  to  "  confiscate  "  a 
herd  of  catte  belonging  to  Governor  Kinney.  The  old  court  records  at  Bellville  show 
that  he  was  arrested  for  the  offense,  but  by  some  means  escaped  punishment  and  got 
away.  He  was  followed  to  Terre  Haute,  Indiana,  where  he  was  again  arrested.  The 
matter  was  finally  compromised  by  the  payment  of  damages  or  the  value  of  the  cattle, 
after  which  Hersey  was  never  heard  from  again.  When  he  came  here  in  April,  1819,  he 
had  about  seventeen  hundred  dollars  in  money,  and  subsequent  inquiries,  instituted  by 
his  heirs  in  New  York,  showed  that  he  was  the  owner  of  valuable  property  in  that  State. 
Some  years  after  Fulton  settled  out  on  his  present  farm,  an  agent  for  the  heirs,  a  preacher, 
came  there  to  find,  if  possible,  some  clue  to  Hersey,  living  or  dead.  The  agent  had  been 
employed  by  the  heirs,  and  stated  to  Fulton  that  he  had  traveled  all  over  the  United 
States  in  search  of  him,  and  that  *at  St.  Louis  he  heard  that   a  man  of  that  name  had 


Of<4  HISTORY   OF   PEORIA   OOrXTY. 

come  to  Fort  Clark  with  a  company  from  Shoal  Creek  in  1819.  It  seemed  that  two 
brothers  of  Hersey  were  conspiring  to  defraud  his  rightful  heirs —  whether  children  or 
not  Mr.  Fulton  did  not  state  —  and  hence  the  search.  The  description  of  the  Hersey 
the  agent  was  hunting  tallied  exactly  with  the  Hersey  who  came  here  with  Fulton.  The 
agent  was  referred  to  the  court  records  mentioned  above  and  departed  on  his  way. 
Whether  Joseph  Hersey  was  ever  found  or  not,  was  never  known  to  liis  old  comrades 
from  Shoal  Creek. 

Davis  went  to  Farm  Creek  in  1821,  remained  there  awhile,  and  then  removed 
to  Sangamon  county.     From  Sangamon  county  he  removed  to  Texas,  where  he  died. 

Russell  was  not  here  long  until  he  took  to  the  river  and  drifted  back  to  St.  Louis, 
where  he  was  last  heard  from. 

Four  of  the  men  who  came  with  Captain  Warner,  Blanchard,  Barnes  and  the  two 
Sargents,  were  discharged  soldiers.  They  had  served  in  the  United  States  army,  and  had 
warrants  for  one  hundred  and  sixty  acres  of  land  each  in  the  military  district,  which  they 
came  to  locate.  Blanchard  has  always  remained  in  the  near  neighborhood,  a  useful  citi- 
zen, and  now  lives  in  Woodford  county,  a  few  miles  from  Peoria.  He  married  here,  his 
marriage  license  being  the  first  issued  from  Peoria  county. 

Barnes  located  his  warrant  some  where  in  the  country  west  of  Fort  Clark,  and  died 
at  Bushnell  some  time  in  1878.  Charles  Sargent  located  in  what  is  now  Hancock  or  War- 
ren county,  where  he  was  still  living  at  last  accounts.  Theodore  Sargent  located  his 
warrant  on  a  tract  of  land  with  which  he  became  dissatisfied,  subsequently  sold  it  and 
bought  another  tract  at  the  present  site  of  Farmington,  where  he  died. 

Some  time  in  August,  1820,  Captain  Warner  dreamed  a  dream  that  he  didn't  like. 
In  the  midst  of  a  profound  slumber  it  was  revealed  to  him  by  an  angel  of  the  Lord  that 
on  the  first  of  the  next  October,  all  the  settlers  at  Peoria  Lake,  except  two  young  women, 
were  to  be  massacred  by  the  Indians.  The  young  women  were  to  be  taken  captive  and 
subjected  to  a  fate  worse  than  death.  The  dream  so  preyed  upon  the  mind  of  Captain 
Warner  that  he  closed  uj)  his  fishing  and  trading  operations  and  left  the  country.  The 
settlers  were  not  massacred,  nor  were  the  young  women  taken  captive.  When  Warner 
abandoned  tiie  lake,  his  employ($s  scattered  away  toother  parts  of  the  country  and  were 
lost  forever  to  Fort  Clark. 

The  only  addition  to  the  Fort  Clark  community  in  1819,  was  a  shoemaker  named 
Douglas  Thompson,  who  came  late  in  the  Fall. 

In  the  Winter  of  1810-20,  a  man  named  Andrews  came  with  his  family  down  the 
river  on  a  sled  from  Fort  Dearborn.  They  stopped  at  Fort  Clark  a  short  time  only,  and 
then  went  over  to  the  east  side  of  the  river. 

John  Hamlin,  Judge  Lockwood  and  Judge  Latham  came  up  from  Sangamon  county 
in  the  Spring  of  1821.  The  Moffatt  family,  consisting  of  Joseph  A.  Moffatt,  the  father, 
and  five  children,  three  sons  —  Alva,  Aquilla  B.,  and  Franklin — and  two  daughters  — 
Mary  and  Olive  —  came  on  the  2d  day  of  June,  1822.  Ai|uilla,  now  seventy-seven  years 
of  age,  and  Alva,  some  years  his  senior,  have  lived  in  sight  of  the  location  ol  old  Fort 
Clark  for  fifty-seven  years,  and  have  seen  the  country  developed  from  an  untamed  wild  to 
its  present  highly  prosperous  and  thickly  poijulated  condition.  Aquila  says  when  they 
landed  from  their  Ijoat,  and  he  looked  out  over  the  prairie  plain  on  whicli  the  busy  city 
of  Peoria  has  grown  into  existence  and  to  the  summit  of  the  bluffs  bejond,  he  thought 
it  was  the  prettiest  sight  his  eyes  ever  had  or  ever  would  behold.  The  prairie  was  cov- 
ered with  a  dense,  rank  growth  of  tall  grass  that  was  iilunied  with  myriads  of  flowers  of 
every  <'oiioeival(le  hue.  As  the  grass  was  swayed  liy  the  wind  it  fell  and  rose  and  rose 
and  fell  like  the  billows  of  the  ocean,  while  the  flowers  seemed  to  dance  with  delight  at 
the  beauty  of  the  landscape  over  which  they  spread  their  fragrance.  Far  away  to  the 
right  and  to  the  left,  as  far  as  sight  could  reach,  this  garden  of  nature's  handiwork  was 
hemmed  in  by  a  range  of  bluffs  whose  summits  seemed  almost  to  kiss  the  clouds  and  to 


HISTORY   OF   PEORIA   COUNTY.  285 

have  been  planted  there  as  an  impenetrable  barrier  and  protection  against  the  cold,  bleak 
winds  as  they  come  whistling  from  the  snow-capped  mountain  regions  of  the  far-away 
West.  "  It  was  a  scene  of  natural  beauty  and  grandeur,"  concluded  the  venerable  and 
honored  Aquilla  Moifatt,  "  which  I  can  never  forget ;  and  when  the  time  comes  that  I 
must  close  my  eyes  to  all  things  earthly,  the  last  sight  upon  which  I  would  like  for  them 
to  rest  would  be  that  landscape  as  I  saw  it  on  the  2d  day  of  June,  1822.  Its  gorgeous 
beauty  can  only  be  excelled  by  the  glories  of  the  world  beyond." 

When  the  Moffatts  came  at  the  date  mentioned,  there  were  only  four  cabins  at  Fort 
Clark.  Three  of  them  were  occupied  as  residences,  and  the  fourth  one  was  occupied  as 
a  chair  shop  by  John  Hamlin.  The  elder  Moffatt  built  the  fourth  residence-cabin  not  far 
from  the  location  of  the  C,  B.  &  Q.  railway  depot. 

The  next  settlement  after  that  made  at  Fort  Clark  by  the  Shoal  Creek  company, 
was  commenced  on  LaSalle  Prairie,  in  the  neighborhood  west  from  Chillicothe  and  fifteen 
miles  north  from  Peoria.  It  was  called  the  Upper  "  Settlement,"  and  was  commenced 
about  1824.  It  was  named  in  honor  of  LaSalle,  the  French  explorer  and  founder  of  Fort 
Crevecoeur  in  1680.  In  early  times  it  was  a  noted  settlement,  and  was  known  all  over 
the  country. 

The  first  settlements  were  generally  confined  to  the  near  vicinity  of  the  river,  either 
in  the  timber  or  on  the  prairies  skirting  its  borders.  None  of  the  pioneers  ventured  very 
far  back  into  the  country,  and  it  was  several  years  before  improvements,  to  any  great  ex- 
tent, were  commenced  out  "over  the  bluffs,"  and  as  late  as  1832,  there  were  only  twenty- 
two  buildings  in  the  town  of  Peoria. 

The  spread  of  settlements  will  be  followed  in  the  history  of  the  several  townships, 
which  form  a  part  of  this  volume. 


CHAPTER  IV. 

ORGANIZATION  OF  PEORIA  COUNTY. 

St.  Clair  County — Madison  County — Pike  County  —  Fulton  County — The  First  Election  in  Fulton  County  — 
Going  to  the  Election  in  Canoes  —  The  Candidates  for  Sheriff — Eads  and  Ross  —  Eads  Elected  by  one  Ma- 
jority —  Ross  Contests  the  Election  —  The  Result  —  Peoria  County  Organized  —  Origin  of  the  Name. 

St.  Clair  is  the  oldest  county  organization  in  Illinois,  and  was  established  by  procla- 
mation of  Governor  Arthur  St.  Clair  in  1790.  Madison  county  was  established  by 
proclamation  of  Governor  Edwards,  dated  September  14,  1812,  with  the  following 
boundaries : 

"Beginning  on  the  Mississippi,  to  run  with  the  second  township  above  Cahokia  east,  until  it  strikes  the  dividing 
line  between  the  Illinois  and  Indiana  Territories ;  thence  with  the  said  dividing  line  to  the  line  of  Upper  Canada  ; 
thence  with  the  said  line  to  the  Mississippi  ;  thence  down  the  Mississippi  to  place  of  beginning." 

These  boundaries  included  not  only  Peoria  and  three-fourths  of  the  State  besides, 
but  all  of  the  present  State  of  Wisconsin  and  that  part  of  Minnesota  which  lies  on  the 
east  side  of  the  Mississippi  river.  Edwardsville  was  the  county  seat,  and  some  of  the 
early  documents  relating  to  realty  in  what  is  now  Peoria  county,  were  first  entered  of 
record  in  the  offices  at  that  place. 

Pike  county,  as  elsewhere  noted,  was  organized  by  an  act  of  the  second  State  Legis- 
lature, approved  January  31,  1821,  with  the  following  boundaries: 

"  Beginning  at  the  mouth  of  the  Illinois  river,  and  running  thence  up  the  middle  of  said  river  to  the  forks  of  th« 


286  HISTORY   OF   PEORIA   COUNTY 

same  ;  thence  up  the  south  fork  of  said  river  until  it  strikes  the  State  line  of  Indiana  ;  thence  north  with  said  line  to 
the  north  boundary  of  this  State ;  thence  west  to  the  west  boundary  line  of  the  State  ;  and  thence  south  with  said  line 
to  the  place  of  beginning." 

After  the  passage  of  this  act,  until  1823,  the  few  settlers  about  Fort  Clark  were  sub- 
ject to  the  jurisdiction  of  Pike  county,  and  all  papers  of  a  legal  character  were  served 
from  the  officers  of  that  county,  and  land  documents  were  entered  of  record  at  the  county 
seat  of  Pike. 

Under  an  act  of  the  Legislature  approved  '28th  January,  1823,  Fulton  county  was 
organized  from  Pike  county,  with  Lewistown  as  the  county  seat.  Fulton  county  included 
all  the  territory  north  of  the  State  line.  The  first  election  for  county  officers  was  held 
at  Lewistown,  and  the  few  voters  at  Fort  Clark  and  vicinity  must  either  go  thereto  vote, 
or  not  vote  at  all.  They  had  a  candidate  for  sheriff,  Abner  Eads,  and  were  especially 
interested  in  that  election.  They  mustered  in  full  force,  laid  in  a  full  supply  of  commis- 
sary stores,  and  went  down  in  a  body  by  canoes,  to  attend  the  election,  two  canoes  being 
sufficient  to  accommodate  them.  They  went  equipped  as  the  custom  of  the  times  de- 
manded. When  the  votes  were  counted,  it  was  found  that  Eads  had  one  majority  over 
Ossian  Ross,  the  Fulton  candidate.  Ross  contested  tlie  election  on  the  ground  that  some 
of  those  who  voted  for  Eads  were  not  residents  of  the  county ;  that  they  lived  on  the 
east  side  of  the  river,  and,  consequently,  were  not  entitled  to  vote  in  Fulton  county  ;  and 
on  the  further  ground  that  Eads  could  not  write,  and  was,  therefore,  incompetent  to  dis- 
charge the  duties  of  the  office.  To  obviate  this  difficulty  Eads  took  lessons  in  penman- 
ship from  Jesse  Wood,  who  was  a  preacher  and  a  teacher,  and  in  about  four  weeks 
advanced  far  enough  to  write  his  name.  Judge  Reynolds  was  presiding  judge  and  ordered 
depositions  to  be  taken  as  evidence  in  the  case,  and  the  log  cabin  office  of  John  Hamlin, 
who  came  to  Fort  Clark  about  1821,  and  who  was  appointed  justice  of  the  peace  when 
Fulton  county  was  organized,  was  selected  as  the  place  where  the  depositions  should  be 
taken.  His  associate,  H.  R.  Coulter,  sat  with  him  while  the  depositions  were  being 
taken.  It  is  said  there  was  about  as  much  excitement  over  that  contest  as  there  was  over 
the  Presidential  election  in  1876.  However,  Justices  Hamlin  and  Coulter  were  not  ham- 
pered by  Returning  Boards,  nor  were  they  intimidated  by  the  presence  of  "  Visiting 
Statesmen."  The  contest  was  not  sustained,  and  Eads  was  declared  legally  elected 
sheriif. 

Peoria  county  was  created  under  the  provisions  of  an  act  approved  January  13, 1825, 
entitled  "An  act  to  form  a  new  county  out  of  the  country  in  the  vicinity  of  Fort  Clark," 
as  follows : 

Sbction  I.  Bt  it  enacted  hy  the  people  of  tht  State  of  Illinois,  represented  in  tkt  Central  Assembly;  That  all  that 
tract  of  country  within  the  following  boundaries,  to  wit ;  Beginning  where  the  line  between  towns  eleven  and  twelve 
north  intersects  the  Illinois  river  ;  thence  west  with  said  line,  between  ranges  four  and  five  east  ;  thence  south  with 
said  line  to  the  line  between  towns  seven  and  eight  ;  thence  east  to  the  line  between  ranges  live  and  si»  ;  thence 
south  to  the  middle  of  the  main  channel  of  the  Illinois  river ;  thence  up  said  middle  of  the  main  channel  to  the  place 
of  beginning,  shall  constitute  a  county  to  be  called   I'eoria. 

Section  two  provided  "  That  all  tliat  tract  of  country  north  of  town  twenty,  and 
west  of  the  third  principal  meridian,  formerly  part  of  Sangamon  county,  be,  and  is  here- 
by attached  to  said  county  of  Peoria,  for  county  purposes  :  Provided^  however.  The  citi- 
zen«  of  the  attached  part  of  said  county  are  not  to  be  taxed  for  the  erection  of  public 
buildings,  f)r  for  the  purchase  of  the  quarter  section  iiereinafter  mentioned. 

Section  three  ^'further  enacted  That  the  county  seat  of  said  county  of  Peoria  should 
be  esUiblished  on  the  northeast  quarter  of  section  nine,  town  eight  north,  range  eight 
east,  and  that  the  County  Commissioners  of  said  county  are  hereby  authorized  to  purchase 
said  quarter  section  of  land  of  the  United  States  as  provided  for  by  the  law  of  Con- 
gress." 

SECTtON  4.  fie  it  furiKerenaite.i,  That  on  the  lir^t  day  of  March  next,  (1825.)  an  election  shall  be  held  at  the 
house  of  William  Eads,  at  which  time  there  shall  be  elected  one  sherifl,  one  coroner  and  three  county  commission- 


HISTORY   OF  PEORIA   COUNTY.  287 

ers,  for  said  county  ;  which  election  shall,  in  all  respects,  be  conducted  agreeably  to  the  provisions  of  the  law  now  in 
force  regulating  elections :  Provided,  That  the  qualified  voters  present  may  select  from  among  their  number  three 
competent  electors  to  act  as  judges  of  said  election,  who  shall  appoint  two  qualified  voters  to  act  as  clerks. 

Section  5.  Be  it  further  enacted.  That  it  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  clerk  of  Sangamon  county  to  give  public 
notice  in  said  Peoria  county,  and  the  attached  part,  at  least  ten  days  previous  to  the  election  to  be  held  on  the  first 
Monday  in  March  next  ;  and  in  case  there  should  be  no  clerk,  then  the  sheriff  of  said  county  shall  give  notice,  as 
aforesaid,  of  the  time  and  place  of  holding  the  election. 

Section  six  provided  That  the  county  of  Peoria  should  receive  "  two  hundred  dol- 
lars out  of  the  public  treasury,  as  full  compensation  for  their  proportion  of  non-resident 
land  tax,  in  the  same  way  as  the  county  of  Pike  might  or  could  do  under  the  act  entitled 
'  An  act  amending  an  act  entitled  an  act  providing  for  the  valuation  of  lands  and  other 
property,  and  laying  a  tax  thereon.'  approved  February  15,  1821." 

Section  seven  provided  "  That  the  said  county  of  Peoria  and  the  attached  part  of  said 
county  mentioned  in  section  two  should  vote  witli  the  county  of  Sangamon  for  Represent- 
ative and  Senator  to  the  General  Assembly." 

Section  eight  declared  "  That  all  that  tract  of  country  north  of  said  Peoria  county, 
and  of  the  Illinois  and  Kankakee  rivers,  be,  and  the  same  is  hereby  attached  to  said 
county,  for  all  county  purposes." 

In  all  that  scope  of  country,  now  so  densely  populated  and  full  of  cities,  towns,  etc., 
there  was  then  a  population  of  only  1,236  souls. 

OBIGrN  OF  THE  NAME. 

The  name  Peoria  is  derived  from  a  tribe  of  Indians  who  once  inhabited  this  part  of 
Illinois.  Mr.  Ballance,  who  settled  here  in  November,  1831,  and  from  whose  history  of 
the  city  of  Peoria  we  have  frequently  quoted,  and  who  ought  to  be  good  authority  by 
reason  of  his  early  and  long  residence,  as  well  as  by  reason  of  his  profession  —  the  law 
—  says  :  "  Travelers  and  historians  have  not  agreed  in  the  spelling  of  the  name.  I  have 
seen  it  spelt  Piorias,  Proraria  and  Proneroa.  Hennepin  wrote  it  Pimitouii ;  but  this, 
I  suppose,  is  another  name  given  to  it,  as  Peoria  was,  after  a  tribe  of  Indians,  who  were 
destroyed  or  driven  away  by  the  Peorias.  This  word  is  also  variously  spelt.  I  have 
seen  it  terminate  with  one  ;',  with  two  i's  and  with  three.  There  were  Indians  here  when 
I  came,  who  called  the  place  Cock-meek,  but  what  they  meant  by  it  I  never  knew.  The 
French  sometimes  called  it  O'Pa,  their  mode  of  pronouncing  Au  Pied,  the  foot,  meaning 
the  foot  of  the  lake.  However,  in  old  times  they  called  their  town,  which  was  about  a 
mile  and  a  half  above  the  outlet,  Peoria.  When  they  began  to  build  at  the  outlet,  they 
called  that  place  La  viUe  de  Maillet,  after  John  B.  Maillet,  who  first  built  there,  or  the 
new  village  of  Peoria.  But  in  process  of  time,  when  the  old  village  had  become 
entirely  abandoned,  the  name  Peoria  was  transferred  to  the  new  village,  and  so  it 
came  to  be  generally  called,  until  the  building  of  Fort  Clark." 

From  the  time  of  General  Howard's  campaign  against  the  Indians  in  the  Summer 
and  Fall  of  1813,  and  the  building  of  Fort  Clark  by  his  army,  this  region  was  known  as 
the  "  Fort  Clark  country,"  and  the  law  creating  the  county  was  styled  "  An  act  to  form 
a  new  county  out  of  the  country  in  the  vicinity  of  Fort  Clark."  The  act  named  the 
county  Peoria,  however,  and  established  the  county  seat  on  a  particular  quarter  section, 
and  the  name  of  Fort  Clark,  as  applied  to  this  particular  locality,  gradually  passed  out 
of  use  and  into  history. 


288  HISTORY   OF   PEORIA   COUNTY 


CHAPTER    V. 


PERFECTING  THE  ORGANIZATION  — FIRST  ELECTION. 

Extent  of  Territory  —  Population  —  The  First  Election  —  Election  Officers  —  The  Old  Poll  Book  —  Mixed  Orthog- 
raphy —  Personal  —  Pioneer  Taverns  and  Tavern  Rates. 

Although  the  law  under  which  Peoria  county  was  organized,  as  printed  in  the 
session  laws  of  1825,  provided  that  the  first  election  for  county  oflBcers  should  be  held  on 
the  1st  day  of  March,  it  was  not  held,  as  shown  by  the  poll-book  of  that  election,  until 
the  7th  day  of  March,  182o.  At  that  time  there  was  no  county  organization  north  of 
Fort  Clark.  All  the  country  west  of  the  Mississippi  river  and  north  to  the  State 
line,  was  attached  for  judicial  purposes.  In  all  that  district  of  country,  according 
to  a  census  taken  that  year  by  John  L.  Bogardus,  there  was  a  population  of  onh' 
1,236.  Estimating  five  persons  to  each  voter,  the  usual  basis,  there  were  only 
two  hundred  and  forty-seven  voters.  There  is  a  probability,  however,  that  the 
number  of  voters  was  something  more  than  that,  because  of  the  fact  that  more 
than  the  usual  proportion  of  voters  were  without  families  ;  or,  if  they  were  heads  of 
families,  their  families  were  not  living  in  the  State,  as  many  husbands  and  fathers  came  to 
Illinois  in  advance  of  their  families  and  started  homes.  Some  of  them  were  here  for  more 
than  a  year  before  their  families  joined  them. 

At  that  first  election  there  was  only  one  voting  place  or  precinct,  and  that  precinct 
was  at  Fort  Clark,  or  Peoria,  as  the  place  will  hereafter  be  called. 

Under  the  provisions  of  section  four,  of  the  act  already  quoted,  the  qualified  electors 
chose  Jacob  Wilson,  Isaac  Perkins,  and  William  Smith,  as  judj^es :  and  Aaron  Hawley 
and  Peter  DuMont,  as  clerks  of  the  election.  After  the  choiie  of  these  officials,  the 
polls  were  declared  open  and  voting  commenced.  Jacob  Wilson  certified  on  the  buck  of 
the  list  of  voters  "  that  William  Smith  and  Jacob  Perkins  were  duly  sworn  according  to 
law  ;■'  Isaac  Perkins  certified  that  "  Jacob  Wilson  was  duly  sworn  according  to  law," 
and  William  Smith  certified  that  "Peter  DuMont  and  Aaron  Hawley,"  clerks  of  the 
election,  "  were  duly  sworn  according  to  law." 

Only  that  part  of  the  old  poll-book  which  bears  the  names  of  the  voters,  is  in  preser- 
vation. It  is  musty  and  brown  with  age.  The  jtapcr,  a  half-sheet  of  common  record 
size,  is  coarse,  and  was  ruled  by  the  clerks.  The  ink  with  which  the  names  are  written, 
although  still  jilain,  has  faded  with  time.  There  is  no  judge's  certificate  to  show  the 
number  of  candidates,  or  the  number  of  votes  cast  for  each  candidate,  but  from  the  pro- 
ceedings of  the  first  meeting  of  the  Board  of  County  Commissioners,  it  appears  that 
William  Holland,  Joseph  Smith  and  Nathan  Dillon  were  elected  commissioners,  and 
Samuel  Fulton,  sheriff. 

Out  of  an  aggregate  population  of  1,236  in  Peoria  county  and  the  territory  at- 
tached, only  sixty-six  votes  were  cast  —  at  least  that  is  all  of  which  any  record  exists. 
The  following  is  a  transcript  of  the  poll-book  as  it  is  preserved  : 

"  An  election  held  at  the  house  of  William  Eadi,  in  the  county  of  Peoria,  in  the  Slate  of  Illinoii,  on  the  7th  day 
of  March,  in  the  year  of  our  Lord  one  thousand  eight  hundred  and  twenty-five. 


HISTORY   OF   PEORIA  COLrNTY. 


289 


Votcrt'  Name 


No.  of  Voters. 


Hiram  M.  Cary i 

Reuben  Brayton -- 2 

George  Harlin - 3 

Morton  Porter 4 

Abner  Eads 5 

Jesse  Walker 6 

Robert  Bamsford -  7 

Henry   Allen - - 8 

Antoine  Bulbome - 9 

Henry  Colter 10 

Jesse  Wood 11 

James  Reed , 12 

Morris   Lauzan 13 

Joseph  Ogee 14 

George  Love 15 

Pierce    Hawley 16 

*William  Blanchard 17 

John  Griffin 18 

John  Ridgway - -  ig 

Stephen  Carl -- 20 

Isaac  Wisehart 21 

George  Sharp - - 22 

Absalom  Dillon 23 

*Aquila  Moffatt 24 

*Seth  Fulton _  25 

Joseph  Smith 26 

Nathan    Dillon 27 

Seth  Wilson 28 

Hugh  Montgomery _ 2g 

David  Mathews 30 

Thomas  Campbell 31 

William  Eads-_ 32 

Elisha    Fish 33 


Voters*  Names. 


No.  of  Vatcn. 


Abner  Cooper — 34 

William  Clark _ 35 

Stephen  French - . 36 

William  E.Phillips 37 

*Josiah  Fulton 38 

John  Phillips- - 39 

Elijah   Hyde 40 

Norman  Hyde. 41 

Stephen  Sweet 42 

William   Holland 43 

Elzy  Bethird 44 

Elias  P.Avery 45 

Eubelle  LaBooncan 46 

John   Sharp 47 

Walter  Dillon 48 

Austin  Crocker 49 

Nathan  Chandler 50 

Daniel   Lile 51 

Peter  DuMon  t 52 

Aaron  Hawley 53 

Joshua  Walker ..  54 

Jacob  Wilson 55 

Isaac  Perkins 56 

Isaac   Funk 57 

George  Fish 58 

Samuel  Fulton 59 

John  Dixon 60 

John  Barker 61 

*.\lva   Moffatt - 62 

Touissant  Marsecau 63 

Lewis  B.  Bowe _ .-  64 

Andevine  Dullioriee 65 

William  Smith 66 


The  orthography  in  these  names,  as  here  quoted,  may  be  widely  at  fault.  The 
writing  is  not  very  plain,  besides  it  is  to  be  inferred  that  some  of  the  voters  were  entirely 
ignorant  of  letters,  as  those  with  French  sounding  names,  and  did  not  know  how  their 
names  should  be  written.  If  they  could  not  spell  their  own  names,  the  clerks  of  the 
election  were  not  to  blame  if  they  made  some  errors  in  tracing  them  with  a  pen. 

Of  these  sixty-six  voters,  but  very  few  are  known  to  be  aUve.  The  names  marked 
with  a  *  still  survive,  and  have  passed  the  age  allotted  to  man.  None  of  them  are  under 
seventy-five  years  of  age.  Mr.  Fulton  is  in  his  eightieth  year ;  Alva  Moffatt  about  the 
same ;  Aquila  Moffatt,  seventy-seven,  and  Mr.  Blanchard  is  in  his  eighty-third  year. 

Josiah  Fulton  and  the  two  Moffatt  brothers  live  near  the  city  of  Peoria.  Fulton 
and  Aquila  Moffatt  accumulated  property  and  are  well  situated  in  their  old  days.  The 
generous  heart  of  Alva  Moffatt  has  given  to  others,  younger  than  himself  by  many  years, 
the  bulk  of  his  accumulations,  so  that  his  surroundings  are  not  so  generous.  But  no  man 
is  more  highly  esteemed  for  honesty,  integrity  and  nobleness  of  soul  than  Alva  Moffatt, 
whose  home  for  fifty-seven  years  has  been  on  the  bluff  that  overlooks  the  valley  wheron 
has  grown  the  second  city  in  the  State  of  Illinois. 

William  Blanchard,  as  elsewhere  stated,  lives  in  Woodford  county,  within  a  few  miles 
of  Peoria. 

Many  others  of  these  first  voters  accumulated  property,  but  from  many  of  them  it 
took  wings  and  flew  away,  and  they  drifted  away  from  Peoriu,  out  of  sight  and  out  of 
memory.  Some  became  conspicuous  in  public  affairs,  and  filled  various  offices  of  trust 
and  honor.  Besides  his  conspicuity  as  Clerk  of  the  County  Commissioner's  Court,  and 
in  other  capacities,  John  Dixon  became  noted  as  the  founder  of  the  city  of  Dixon,  in 
Lee  county.  He  was  born  at  Rye,  Westchester  count)'.  New  York,  October  9,  17S4,  and 
died  at  Dixon,  July  6,  1876,  in  the  ninety-second  year  of  his  age. 


290  HISTORY  OF  PEORIA  COUNTT. 

Joseph  Ogee,  another  one  of  the  voters,  whose  name  will  appear  in  other  connec- 
tions, was  rather  a  noted  character  in  his  time.  He  was  a  regular  frontiersman,  more 
Indian  by  association  and  habit  than  white  man,  and  always  kept  a  little  in  advance  of 
the  tide  of  immigration.  In  the  Spring  of  1828,  when  the  settlement  began  to  get  too 
thick  for  him  at  Peoria,  he  pulled  up  stakes  and  established  himself  at  the  site  of  Dixon, 
in  Lee  county.  At  that  time  and  until  John  Dixon  got  control  of  the  ferry  property,  it 
was  known  as  "  Ogee's  Ferry,"  which  was  licensed  b}-  the  Commissioners  of  Jo  Daviess 
county  on  the  7th  of  December,  1829.  Ogee  was  also  licensed  to  keep  a  "  tavern"  at 
that  place,  and  besides  fixing  the  ferry  rates,  the  Commissioners  established  his  tavern 
prices,  as  follows : 

Each  meal 37)^  cents. 

Horse  feed 25  " 

Horse  per  night,  at  corn  and  hay 62j^  " 

Man  per  night 12^  ■' 

Each  half-pint  of  French   brandy  or  wine 25  " 

"  "  whisky  or  other  domestic  liquors 12^  " 

"  "  Holland  gin 25  " 

"     quart  of  porter,  cider  or  ale 25  " 

Ogee  was  a  Frenchman  and  an  Indian  interpreter.  His  wife  was  a  Pottawatomie 
Indian  woman,  and  hence  his  cabin  and  ferry  were  safe  from  Indian  molestation.  But  all 
was  not  Itappiness  in  his  family.  There  was  a  skeleton  in  the  closet,  and  some  months 
before  Dixon  bought  tlie  ferry  in  April,  1830,  a  separation  was  agreed  upon  between  Ogee 
and  his  wife.  Tlie  Indian  wife  went  her  way,  leaving  the  husband  to  act  as  landlord, 
landlady  and  ferryman  as  best  he  might.  Mrs.  Ogee  belonged  to  one  of  the  wealthiest 
Indian  families  of  the  country  and  was  an  heiress,  owning  nearly  one-half  of  Paw  Paw 
Grove,  an  Indian  reservation.  After  the  separation  l)ctween  herself  and  Joe,  she  was 
regarded  as  a  captivatinij  widow,  and  was  not  long  in  finding  admirers.  After  angling 
around  a  while,  she  selected  on  Job  Alcott,  another  white  man,  as  "  best  suited  to  her 
mind,"  to  whom  she  was  married.  When  the  Pottawatomies  were  removed  to  Kansas, 
she  and  her  husband  accompanied  them  to  their  new  home. 

After  April,  1830,  the  name  of  Ogee's  Ferry  was  changed  to  Dixon's  Ferry  ;  and 
when  a  town  was  laid  out  there,  it  was  called  Dixon,  and  from  a  rope-ferry  and  half- 
French  and  half-Indian  tavern,  the  place  came  to  be  a  citj'  of  no  mean  importance. 
When  Dixon  purchased  the  ferry.  Ogee  pushed  on  after  the  Indians,  and  was  gathered  to 
his  fathers  in  the  happy  hunting  grounds  long'ago. 


HISTORY   OF   PEORIA  COUNTY.  291 


CHAPTER    VI. 

PHYSICAL  GEOGRAPHY  AND  GEOLOGY. 

The  Cretaceous  and  Tertiary  Periods  —  The  Ice  Period  —  The  Quartenary  Divisions — Coal  Measures  —  Alluvial 
Deposits  —  Archaeology  —  Origin  of  the  Prairies  —  Building  Stone  — Iron  Ore — Clays  —  Sand  —  Gravel  — 
Timber  —  Soil  and  Agriculture. 

PHYSICAL   GEOGRAPHY. 

The  physical  geography  of  Peoria  county  is  very  simple.  It  is  situated  about  seventy 
five  miles  north  of  the  center  of  the  State  and  is  bounded  on  the  north  by  Stark  and 
Marshall  counties  ;  on  the  east,  by  the  Illinois  river  ;  on  the  south  by  the  Illinois  river 
and  Fulton  county,  and  on  the  west  by  Fulton  and  Knox  counties.  It  embraces  an  area 
of  fourteen  full  townships  and  seven  fractional  townships  bordering  on  the  Illinois  river, 
or  about  six  hundred  and  thirty  square  miles.  The  Illinois  river  extends  about  fifty  miles 
along  its  eastern  and  south-eastern  borders.  Kickapoo  creek  and  its  several  affluents  tra- 
verse the  central  part  of  the  county,  and  drain  the  northern  and  southern  portions.  Spoon 
river  intersects  the  north-western  townships  for  a  distance  of  ten  or  twelve  miles. 

The  surface  of  the  county  was  originally  nearly  equally  divided  into  timber  and 
prairie.  The  prairies  are  usually  small,  the  most  extensive  ones  being  those  in  the  west- 
ern and  northern  portions  of  the  county,  and  extending  over  the  highest  lands  between 
the  water  courses.  There  is  also  a  narrow  strip  of  prairie  extending  along  the  river  from 
the  north-east  corner  of  the  county  to  the  outlet  of  the  Kickapoo,  having  a  width  varying 
from  one  to  three  miles.  This  belt  of  prairie  covers  a  sandy  terrace  below  the  river 
bluffs,  and  is  elevated  from  thirty  to  fifty  feet  above  low  water  level. 


ECONOMICAL   GEOLOGY. 

[Worthen's  Geological  Survey  of  Illinois,  Vol.  V.,  pp.  249,  250,  251.] 
BUILDING   STONE. 

Sandstone  of  good  quality  may  be  obtained  from  the  bed  overlaying  coal  No.  4,  which 
at  some  points  in  the  Kickapoo,  is  fully  twenty  feet  in  thickness,  and  it  outcrops  at  many 
points  under  very  favorable  conditions  for  quarrying.  The  rock  is  a  brown  micaceous, 
and  partly  ferruginous  sandstone,  in  massive  beds,  some  of  which  are  two  feet  or  more  in 
thickness.  It  presents  a  bold  escarpment  at  many  points  where  it  outcrops,  indicating  a 
capacity  for  withstanding  well  the  ordinary  influences  of  the  atmosphere.  The  ferru- 
ginous layers  harden  very  much  on  exposure,  and  would  form  the  best  material  for 
bridge  abutments,  and  for  all  other  purposes  where  a  rock  was  required  to  withstand 
well  the  influences  of  frost  and  moisture. 

On  Aikens'  and  Griswold's  land,  on  the  south  side  of  the  Kickapoo,  on  section 
twenty-four  [in  Limestone  township — Ed.]  this  sandstone  has  been  somewhat  extensive- 
ly quarried,  and  the  bed  presents  a  perpendicular  face  of  solid  sandstone  fully  twenty 
feet  in  thickness.  It  is  rather  soft  when  freshly  quarried  and  can  be  easily  dressed,  and 
splits  freely  into  blocks  suitable  for  building  and  for  foundation  walls.  These  quarries 
are  located  just  above  the  level  of  the  railroad  grade,  and  very  conveniently  situated  for 
the  transportation  of  the  stone  by  railroad  to  the  city  of  Peoria,  or  wherever  else  it  might 
be  in  demand. 


292  HISTORY  OF  PEORIA  COUNTY. 

At  Lonsdale's  quarries,  on  section  fourteen,  town  eight  north,  range  seven  east,  the 
lower  part  of  the  limestone  affords  a  durable  building  stone,  though  the  layers  are  not 
usually  more  tiian  from  four  to  six  inches  thick.  This  rock  is  in  common  use  in  this  part 
of  the  county  for  foundation  walls,  and  there  are  several  small  buildings  in  this  neigh- 
borhood constructed  of  this  material.  That  portion  of  the  beds  which  affords  a  building 
stone  is  from  four  to  six  feet  in  thickness. 

At  Chase's  quarries,  three  miles  north-east  of  Princeville,  the  limestone  is  nearly 
twenty  feet  in  thickness,  and  though  for  the  most  part  thin-bedded,  yet  the  greater  por- 
tion of  it  can  be  used  for  foundation  walls,  flagging,  etc.,  and  is  the  only  building  stone 
available  in  that  portion  of  the  county.  The  thickest  layers  are  ai  the  bottom  of  the 
bed  here,  as  well  as  at  Lonsdale's,  but  the  middle  aud  upper  portion  is  more  evenly  bed- 
ded at  this  point,  and  ma)-  be  quarried  in  tliin,  even  slabs  of  large  size. 

The  limestone  over  coal  No.  6  may  answer  for  rough  foundation  walls  where  it  can 
be  protected  from  the  atmosphere,  but  is  generally  too  argillaceous  to  make  good  build- 
ing stone. 

mON  QBE. 

Concretionary  bands  of  iron  ore  occur  in  the  shales  overlaying  coals  No.  4  and  7, 
but  in  sufficient  quantity  to  be  of  any  economical  importance.  In  the  south  part  of  the 
county,  large  concretions  of  iron  and  clay,  the  former  mostly  in  the  form  of  the  bi- 
sulphuret,  are  quite  abundant  in  the  roof  shales  of  No.  -1  coal.  Some  of  these  concre- 
tions are  two  feet  or  more  in  diameter. 

CLATS. 

No  beds  of  fire  or  potter's  clays  were  found  in  this  county  in  connection  with  the 
coal  seams  that  appeared  to  be  sufficiently  free  from  foreign  matters  to  be  of  much  value, 
but  excellent  brick  clays  are  abundant,  the  subsoil  clays  over  a  large  portion  of  the  up- 
lands throughout  the  county  being  used  for  this  purpose,  and  furnishing  an  abundant 
supply  of  brick  of  good  quality  at  a  moderate  cost.  The  best  beds  of  fire  and  potters' 
clay  known  at  the  present  time  in  this  State,  are  associated  with  coal  No.  1.  of  our  gen- 
eral section  of  the  Illinois  Valley  coals,  »  •  *  »  and  should  a  shaft  be  sunk  to  that 
horizon  in  this  county,  good  clays  may  probably  be -found  here,  and  mined  successfully  in 
connection  with  these  lower  coals. 

SAND. 

The  modified  drift  deposits,  forming  the  terrace  upon  which  the  city  of  Peoria  is 
mainly  built,  will  furnish  an  inexhaustible  supply  of  sand  of  various  qualities  adapted  to 
the  varied  economical  uses  to  which  this  material  is  applicable,  and  it  will  also  afford  an 
excellent  moulders'  sand,  in  quantities  sufficient  for  the  supply  of  all  the  adjacent  region. 

GRAVEL. 

An  inexhaustible  supi)ly  of  clean  gravel  maybe  obtained  from  the  gravel  beds  form- 
ing the  bluffs  at  Peoria,  and  along  the  north  side  of  the  Kickapoo  for  a  distance  of  eight 
or  ten  miles  above  the  outlet  of  tliat  stream.  All  the  railroads  in  the  State  might  obtain 
here  an  ample  supply  of  ballast  for  their  road  beds,  without  greatly  diminishing  the 
amount  of  this  material  to  be  found  in  this  county. 

TFMBER. 

There  is  an  ample  supjdy  of  timber  in  this  county,  the  proportion  of  timber  and 
prairie  land  being  origiimlly  about  tlie  same.  The  timlRMi'il  land  is  mostly  confined  to 
the  ridges  and  valleys  of  the  streams,  though  occasionally  fine  groves  are  met  with  on 
the  level  land  adjacent  to  the  prairie.  The  growth  on  tlie  uj>]and  is  mostly  black  and 
white  oak,  pignut  and  shell-burk  hickory,  elm,  linden,  wild  cherry,  honey  locust,  wild 


HISTORY   OF   PEORIA   COUNTY.  293 

plum  and  crab  apple ;  while  on  the  bottom  lands  and  the  slopes  of  the  hills,  we  find 
white  and  sugar  maple,  black  and  white  walnut,  pecan,  Cottonwood,  sycamore,  ash,  red 
birch,  coffee-nut,  hackberry,  mockernut,  hickory,  post,  Spanish  and  swamp  white  oak, 
red  bud,  dogwood,  persimmon,  mulberry,  serviceberry,  buckthorn  and  three  or  four 
varieties  of  willow  and  box  alder. 

SOIL  AND  AGRICULTUEE. 

As  an  agricultural  region  this  county  ranks  among  the  best  in  this  part  of  the  State. 
The  western  and  northern  portions  of  the  county  are  mostly  prairie,  and  generally  level 
or  gently  rolling.  The  soil  is  a  dark  chocolate-colored  loam,  rich  in  organic  matters,  and 
producing  abundant  crops  annually  of  corn,  wheat,  rye,  oats  and  barley ;  and,  with  judi- 
cious cultivation,  this  kind  of  soil  will  retain  its  fertility  for  an  indefinite  period  of  years, 
without  the  application  of  artificial  stimulants.  On  the  more  broken  lands  adjacent  to 
the  streams,  the  soil  is  of  a  lighter  color,  but  when  it  is  predicated  upon  the  marly  beds 
of  the  loess,  it  is  still  productive,  and  scarcely  inferior  to  the  best  prairie  soils.  Where 
the  soil  overlies  the  yellow  drift-clays,  the  timber  is  mostly  white  oak  and  hickory  ;  the 
soil  is  thin,  and  would  be  greatly  improved  bj'  an  annual,  liberal  application  of  manure. 
These  lands,  however,  produce  fine  crops  of  wheat  and  oats,  and  are  excellent  for  fruit 
orchards  and  vineyards.  The  soil  on  the  terrace  and  bottom  lands  is  a  sandy  loam, 
and  generally  very  productive. 


CHAPTER  VII. 

NATURAL    HISTORY. 

Geographical  Position — The  Flora  —  Fauna — Vertebrates  —  Reptiles — Fishes  —  The  Varieties — Invertebrates,  etc. 

Peoria  city  is  situated  in  about  40°  43'  N.  L.,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Illinois  river, 
on  the  lower  end  of  a  sheet  of  water  formed  by  that  river,  which  is  commonly  called 
Peoria  lake.  This  lake  was  twenty-five  years  ago  much  wider  at  the  lower  end,  but  since 
that  time  the  little  Farm  creek  has  formed  about  a  hundred  acres  of  alluvium  just  oppo- 
site the  middle  part  of  the  city.  The  course  of  this  creek  is  now  turned  off  to  a  little 
slough  farther  below,  so  that  the  further  increase  of  that  alluvium  will  probably  be 
stopped.  Before  the  building  of  the  Copperas  creek  dam  the  difference  of  low  water  and 
high  water,  which  annually  inundates  the  left  bank,  was  about  twenty  feet ;  now  the 
difference  is  never  so  large. 

The  city  is  built  on  two  terraces,  the  lower  one,  consisting  of  yellow  sand,  is  inclined 
toward  the  second  terrace,  the  bluff;  that  indicates,  that  it  was  an  old  sand  bank  and 
the  inclined  space  between  it  and  the  bluff,  an  old  slough,  which  was  shut  up  at  the  lower 
end  by  an  accumulation  of  sand  resulting  from  a  counteraction  of  the  Kickapoo  creek, 
which  coming  from  the  northwest,  enters  the  Illinois  river  in  a  right  angle.  On  the  up- 
per terrace,  somewhat  over  a  hundred  feet  above  the  river,  the  drift  overlies  the  coal 
formation,  of  which  the  seams  No.  4  and  6,  each  from  three  to  five  feet  in  thickness,  are 
worked  in  the  vicinity.  The  large  boulders  of  granite,  diorite,  porphyr,  and  other  rocks, 
formerly  found  in  a  greater  number  along  the  banks  of  the  river,  were  left,  when  the 
river,  washing  out  the  valley,  swept  away  the  lighter  material  of  the  drift. 

All  the  land  along  the  Illinois  river,  the  Spoon  river  in  the  northwest  corner  of  the 
county,  and  the  Kickapoo  creek,  as  well  as  in  the  ravines,  washed  out  by  the  numerous 
torrents,  was  originally  wooded ;  in  the  northern  and  western  part  of  the  county  pre- 


294  HISTORY   OF   PEORIA   COUNTY 

vailed  large  prairies ;  a  small  prairie  was  on  tlie  above  ineutioned  old  sand  bank  and 
slough,  on  which  the  greater  part  of  Peoria  city  is  built ;  a  small  part  is  left  yet  at  the 
southwestern  end  of  the  city  ;  it  was  separated  from  the  river  bank  b}'  a  narrow  border 
of  woods.  Wherever  this  prairie  was  intersected  by  little  periodical  water  courses,  for 
instance,  where  Oak  street  crosses  Adams  street,  these  hollows  were  wooded  ;  now  nearly 
all  is  leveled.  This  little  prairie  was  quite  isolated,  but  farther  up  the  river,  between 
Chillicothe  and  Mossville,  the  large  prairies  of  the  northern  part  of  the  county  extended 
to  the  river  banks.  It  is  important  in  a  historical  sketch  of  a  district  to  record  such 
facts,  as  the  commendable  cultivation  of  our  prairies  and  the  reckless  devastation  of  our 
forests  will,  in  not  a  far  future,  extinguish  every  trace  of  the  original  features  of  our 
country. 

FLOEA. 

Vegetable  and  animal  life  is  based  upon  the  condition  not  alone  of  the  soil,  but  of  the 
atmosphere  also. 

An  abstract  of  meteorological  observations,  made  during  24  years  in  the  city  of 
Peoria  40  feet  above  low  water,  gave  the  following  results :  The  mean  barometer,  re- 
duced to  the  temperature  of  .32°  above  zero,  was  29.621  for  the  year ;  it  was  lowest  in 
May,  29.54.5,  and  highest  in  January,  29,699.  The  highest  stand  ever  observed,  in  Janu- 
ary, 1874,  was  30.671,  the  lowest,  in  May,  1861.  was  28.670.  This  shows  a  range  of  2 
inches;  the  greatest  range  in  24  hours  occurred  in  December,  1865,  =  1.017. 

The  mean  temperature  of  the  year  was  52  F.  Conceded  that  the  temperature  on 
the  uplands  is  2  degrees  lower ;  the  mean  temperature  for  Peoria  county  may  be  50. 
The  range  of  the  thermometer  data  comprised  not  less  than  127  degrees  F.  The  mini- 
mum in  January,  1873,  was  22°  below  zero,  the  maximum  in  August,  1873,  105  above. 
The  greatest  range  in  one  month  was  observed  in  January,  1864,  viz.,  87  degrees  from 
the  minimum — 22,tothe  maximum  -I-  65,  the  greatest  range  in  24  houi-s  was  observed  from 
28th  .lanuary  to  the  29tli  January,  1876,  the  mercury  falling  from  61  to  8.5  =  52.5.  The 
four  sea.sons  had  an  average  temperature  of  27.6  for  the  Winter  (Dec.  Jan.  Feb.);  51.4 
for  the  Spring  (March,  April,  May);  75.9  for  the  Summer  (June,  July,  Aug.),  and  54.3 
for  the  Fall  (Sept.  Oct.  Nov.).  The  mean  temperature  of  the  single  month  is,  Dec.  28.7, 
Jan.  24.9,  Feb.  29.3,  March  38.4,  April  51,8,  May  64.1,  June  73.9,  July  78.3,  Aug.  75.6, 
Sept.  67,  Oct.  53.1,  Nov.  39.2. 

The  last  frost — that  is,  when  in  the  middle  of  Peoria  City  the  minimum  temperature 
was  32"  or  below,  not  white  frost,  which  may  occur  several  degrees  al)ove  freezing  point, 
and  kill  tender  plants — occurred  in  tlie  24  years  between  the  25th  of  March(l^>78)and  11th 
of  May  (1857),  the  first  frost  in  Fall  between  1st  of  Oct.  (1856)  and  3rd  of  Nov.  (1877), 
so  that  the  period  absolutely  free  of  frost  was  163  days,  and  in  average  180  days;  this 
is  good  for  the  city  of  Peoria,  not  for  the  country,  for  which  this  period  may  be  shortened 
yet. 

Tliere  are  cloudless  days  in  average  38,  moderately  cloudy  158,  very  cloud3-  169,  of 
which  58  are  without  sunshine,  and  with  rain  or  snow  99.  The  prevalent  winds  are  west 
and  south,  the  most  clouds  bring  the  north-east  winds,  the  clearest  weather  the  west 
winds,  the  thunder  showers  come  mostly  from  south-west,  but  often  turn  to  east  on  the 
left  bank  of  the  river,  so  that  Tazewell  county  has  probalily  more  rain  tlian  Peoria  county. 
The  mean  (juantity  of  prcci])italion  (rain  and  melted  snow)  is  34.7  inches  in  the  year,  2.5 
in  Dec,  1.6  in  Jan.,  l.S  in  P'eb.,  2.8  in  March,  3  in  Ai)ril,  3.5  in  May,  3.9  in  June,  4.2  in 
July,  3.4  in  Aug.,  3.4  in  Sei)t.,  2.5  in  Oct.,  2.3  in  Nov.  The  greatest  rainfall  was  ob- 
served in  the  year  1858,  in  128  rainy  days  51  inches,  and  in  tlie  month  of  May  of  that 
year  alone  10.6  on  18  rainy  days. 

Tlie  relative  humidity  is  in  the  morning  81,  at  noon,  58,  in  the  evening,  75  p.  c.  of 
saturation. 


HISTORY   OF  PEORIA  COUNTY.  296 

The  flora  of  Peoria,  as  far  as  examined  within  about  10  miles  from  the  city,  contains 
812  species  of  indigenous  vascular  plants  in  102  orders,  and  379  genera,  and  60  foreign 
naturalized  species,  partly  of  27  genera,  that  are  not  otherwise  represented  by  indigenous 
s^Jecies,  so  that  there  are  indigenous  and  naturalized  species,  872  in  102  orders  and  406 
genera.  The  number  of  species  of  cellular  plants  is  not  yet  known.  There  are  observed 
in  the  vicinity  of  Peoria  city  75  mosses  and  20  livermosses,  but  probably  there  may  be 
found  125  and  35.  Lichens  found  by  Mr.  John  Wolf  from  Canton  in  the  county  of  Fulton 
about  150,  and  all  may  occur  in  Peoria  county.  Fungi  and  Algse  are  very  numerous, 
but  not  sufficiently  examined. 

The  time  when  immigrated  plants  appeared  and  spread  in  a  district  should  be  care- 
fully recorded  by  botanists  as  well  as  indigenous  plants,  when  they  become  extinct.  The 
number  of  foreign  plants  is  constantly  increasing.  They  appear  at  first  single  in  single 
localities,  and  when  not  eradicated  in  the  beginning,  as  has  here  been  done  with  the 
white  daisy  27  years  ago,  they  spread  often,  rapidly,  and  replace  indigenous  plants, 
which  become  extinct. 

Very  common  old  settlers  are  :  The  hedge  mustard,  the  black  mustard,  the  shep- 
herd's purse,  the  common  purslane,  the  common  mallow,  the  velvet  leaf,  the  red  clover, 
the  common  mayweed,  the  burdock,  the  common  plantain,  the  common  mullein,  the 
hemp,  the  Jerusalem  oak,  the  Mexican  tea,  the  green  amaranth,  the  white  amaranth,  the 
ladies  thumb,  the  black  bindweed,  the  sheep  sorel,  the  curled  dock,  the  timothy,  the 
common  finger-grass,  the  fox-tail,  and  two  species  of  eragrostis,  jjoceoides  and  pilosa. 

Recent  immigrants,  but  rapidly  spreading,  are  the  watercress,  the  soapwort,  the 
white  melilot,  the  spiny-leafed  sow  thistle,  the  toad  flax,  the  catnip,  the  ground  ivy,  the 
stick  seed,  the  common  hound's  tongue,  the  Ghenopodium  urbicum. 

Old  settlers,  but  not  so  very  common,  are  the  common  St.  John's  wort,  the  high 
mallow,  the  bladder  ketmia,  the  parsnip,  the  unicorn  plant,  the  corn  speedwell,  the 
corn  mother  wort,  the  common  night  shade,  the  thorny  amaranth,  the  floating  fox-tail,  the 
orchard  grass,  the  chess,  the  smooth  finger-grass,  the  whorled  fox-tail. 

Sjiaringly  found  during  the  last  eight  or  ten  years  were  the  cowherb,  the  corncockle, 
the  common  chick  weed,  the  yellow  melilot,  the  Canada  thistle,  the  moth  mullein,  the 
bitter  dock,  the  wire  grass. 

Once  found  and  no  more  were  the  false  flax,  the  elecampane,  the  white  daisy,  the 
corn  Cromwell,  the  apple  of  Peru. 

There  are  sometimes  on  formerly  cultivated,  now  waste  places,  the  asparagus,  the 
horseradish,  the  tansy,  the  spearmint,  the  savory  and  the  like,  which  can  not  be  con- 
sidered naturalized,  not  more  than  some  woody  plants,  as  the  catalpa,  the  locust,  the 
sweet  brier,  the  privet,  and  others. 

Of  indigenous  plants,  which  yet  25  years  ago  in  single  specimens  were  found,  the 
rattlebox  (crotalaria  sag  thalis)  and  the  cat  gut,  Tephrosia  Virginiana,  disappeared  in 
the  localities  they  were  found  before. 

The  woods  are  variously  composed  in  the  different  localities.  In  the  upland 
forests  the  white  oak  and  the  shellbark  hickory  are  prevalent,  in  the  bottom  woods,  the 
white  elm,  the  soft  maple,  the  cotton  wood,  and  the  black  willow. 

There  were  observed  in  all  31  large,  11  middle-sized,  19  small  trees  and  50  larger  or 
small  shrubs,  among  which  are  11  climbers.  Large  trees  are,  except  the  7  above  named, 
the  burr  oak,  the  swamp  white  oak,  the  chestnut  oak,  the  shingle  oak,  the  scarlet  oak, 
the  red  oak,  the  black  walnut,  the  butternut,  the  pecan,  the  western  shell-bark  hickory, 
the  mockernut,  the  pignut  and  the  bitternut,  the  slippery  elm,  the  hackberry,  the  white 
ash  and  the  blue  ash,  the  black  cherry,  the  honey  locust,  the  coffee-bean  tree,  the  box 
elder,  the  sugar  maple,  the  linden  and  the  thuja,  of  which  a  very  old  tree  nearly  three 
feet  in  diameter  stood  near  Adams  mill.  It  seems  that  it  formerly  was  there  in  a  greater 
number  and  is  now  extinct  in  our  vicinity  as  a  wild  growing  tree. 


296  HISTORY  OF   PEORIA   roUXTT 

MidJle-sized  trees  are  the  Ohio  buckeye,  the  pei-simmon,  the  gieen  ash,  the  jed  ash, 
the  black  ash,  the  sassafras,  the  mulberry,  the  American  and  largetoothed-aspen,  the 
blackjack  oak  and  lea's  oak,  which  is  probal)ly  a  hybrid  and  v-ery  scarce  throughout  the 
United  States.     A  single  tree  stands  right  at  the  western  city  limits  on  the  bluff. 

Small  trees,  sometimes  only  shrubs  are  the  papaw,  the  hop  tree,  (or  shrubby  trefoil), 
the  buckthorn,  the  red  bud,  the  Juneberry,  the  plum,  the  American  crab  apple,  the  scar- 
let fruited  thorn,  the  pear  thorn,  the  cockspur  thorn,  the  witch  hazel,  the  sheepberry, 
the  blackhaw,  the  panicled  cornel,  the  alternate  leaved  cornel,  the  iron  wood,  the  horn- 
beam, the  long-leaved  willow,  and  the  red  cedar,  which  grows  not  to  a  great  size  in  our 
vicinity. 

Shrubs  are  the  prickly  ash,  the  smooth  sumach,  the  fragrant  sumach,  the  swamp- 
buckthorn,  the  New  Jersey  tea,  the  burning  bush,  the  blatter  nut,  the  false  indigo,  the 
chokecherry,  the  swamp  rose,  the  dwarf  wild  rose,  the  early  wild  rose,  the  common 
blackberry,  the  black  raspberry,  the  round-leaved  gooseberry,  the  black  currant,  the  wild 
hydrangea,  the  round-leaved  cornel,  the  silky  cornel,  the  red  osier  dogwood,  the  rough- 
leaved  dogwood,  the  arrow  wood,  the  cranberry  tree,  the  common  elder,  the  button  bush, 
the  black  huckleberry  (in  Timber  township),  the  low  blueberry-  (in  Limestone  town- 
ship), the  bearberry  (in  Kickapoo  township),  the  leather  wood,  the  hazel  and  eight  wil- 
lows, the  hoary,  the  dwarf  gray,  the  prairie,  the  glaucous,  the  silky,  the  petioled,  the 
heart-leaved  (the  narrow  variety)  and  the  myrtle  willow. 

There  are  a  number  of  beautiful  woody  climbers :  the  Virgins-bower,  the  moonseed, 
three  grape-vines,  the  Virginia  creeper  (or  American  ivy),  the  waxwork,  the  climbing 
rose,  the  yellow  honey-suckle,  the  trumpet  creeper  and  the  hisprid  greenbrier.  Of  the 
herbaceous  plants,  129  species  are  annuals  or  biennials,  .572  perennials  ;  many  of  them  are 
very  showy  and  worthy  of  cultivation.  In  earl}'  Spring  we  find  the  hepatica  and  the 
dwarf  white  trillium,  then  follows  the  rue  anemone,  the  bird  foot  violet,  the  columbine 
and  tlie  larkspur,  the  waterleaf,  the  Virginia  cowslip,  the  Jacobs  ladder,  the  American 
cowslij),  four  species  of  phlox,  the  bellwort,  the  false  spikenard,  the  spiderwort.  In 
Summer  appear  the  milk  weeds  in  twelve  species,  the  lilies  in  two  species,  the  orange  red 
and  the  Turk's  cap,  the  large  flowered  false  foxglove,  the  cardinal  flower  and  the  great 
blue  lobelia,  the  great  St.  John's  wort,  the  wild  bergamot,  tiie  false  dracon  head,  the  puc- 
coon,  and  in  Fall  many  asters  and  golden  rods,  of  which  the  former  are  represented  b}* 
twent3'-two,  the  latter  by  fifteen  species,  the  helianthus  and  rudbeckias,  and  many  other 
show}'  compositte.  The  greatest  beauty  is  the  water  chinqueping  which  covers  in  the 
slough  opposite  Peoria  a  large  tract,  surrounded  b}'  an  immense  field  of  Indian  rice,  which 
grows  there  to  the  height  of  ten  or  fifteen  feet. 

FAUNA. 

As  wild  {)lant.s  yield  to  cultivation,  so  wild  men  and  beasts  to  civilization;  with  the 
Indian,  the  Ijlack  bear,  the  buffalo,  the  elk,  the  l)eaver,  the  Carolina  paroquet  have  gone 
for  ever.  The  following  list  contains  the  animals  wiiich  were  observed  during  the  last 
twenty-eight  years,  some  only  in  single  specimens,  others  in  great  abundance. 

Vektebrates.  —  I.  Mammals. 

1.  Cheiroptera — Atolapha  Noveboraiensis,  the  red  bat ;  Atalapha  cinereun,  the  hoary 
bat ;    Venpertilio  guhulatue,  the  little  brown  bat. 

2.  Rapac'IO  —  7y(/7ir  rMA's,  the  wild  cat ;  Canit  Occident  aU»,  the  gray  wolf;  Vulpet 
virffinianus,  the  gray  fox  ;  Vulpen  fulvuHs  the  common  fox,  which  is  here  not  common  ; 
Putorius  NoveboracensiiSy  tiie  weasel ;  Putorius  vieon,  the  mink  ;  Lutra  canadensis,  the 
otter,  now  nearly  extinct  in  this  vicinity  ;  Mephitis  mephitica,  the  skunk  :  Proeyon  Intor, 
the  raccoon  ;  Scalops  arijentatus,  the  prairie  mole  anil  two  shrews,  very  .small  mouse- 
like carniverous  animals  ;   lilarina  talpuides  and  HI.  enilipes. 


HISTORY   OF   PEORIA   COUNTY.  297 

3.  Marsupialia —  Didelphys  virglniana^  the  opossum. 

4.  RODENTIA  —  SciuruB  pudovicianus  the  western  fox  squirrel ;  Sciurus  carolinensis  the 
gray  squirrel;  Pteromys  vohiceUa,  the  flying  squirrel;  SpermopMlus  Franklinii,  the  gray 
prairie  squirrel ;  SpermopMlus  tridemnlineatvs,  the  striped  prairie  squirrel ;  Tamias 
striatus,  the  c\\i'p-va\\\\k  ovlencemonsQ  ;  Aretomys  monas,  the  wood-chuck  ;  Fiber  zibethicus, 
the  musk-rat;  Geomys  6M?-sarms,  the  gopher  ;  Saculus  HudsoniouH,  t\\Q  ']i\va.]An^  xnoxx^e; 
Hesperomys  leuropus,  the  deer  mouse  ;  Arvicola  riparia,  the  meadow  mouse  ;  Lepus 
silvaticus,  the  gray  rabbit.  The  two  most  common,  the  rat  and  the  house  mouse  are 
immigrants. 

5.  RuMiNA-NTiA  —  Cervus  virginianus,  the  deer. 

n.    BIRDS. 

1.  Raptores  —  Aquilo  canadensis,  the  golden  eagle,  which  is  very  scarce;  Maliaetos 
lemocephalus,  the  bald  eagle  ;  Pandion  carolinensis,  the  fish  hawk  ;  Falio  columharius,  the 
pigeon  hawk ;  Falio  sparverius,  the  sparrow  hawk  ;  Accipiter  cooperi,  coopers  hawk  ;  Ac- 
cipiter fuscus,  the  sharp-shinned  hawk  ;  Buteo  borealis,  the  red-tailed  hawk;  Buteo  linea- 
tus,  the  red-shouldered  hawk;  Nauclerus fureatus,  the  swallow-tailed  hawk;  Circus  hud- 
sonicus,  the  marsh  hawk ;  Cathartes  aura,  the  turkey  buzzard  ;  Bribo  virginiana,  the 
great  horned  owl ;  Scops  asio,  the  mottled  owl ;  Otur  Wilsonianus,  the  long-eared  owl ; 
Brathyotus  Cassinii,  the  short-eared  owl  ;  Syrnium  nebulosum,  the  barred  owl ;  Kyetea 
nivea,  the  snowy  owl. 

2.  ScANSOEES  —  Corcygus  americanus,  the  yellow-billed  cuckoo  ;  Corcygus  erythroph- 
(/iaZmws,  the  black-billed  cuckoo  ;  Hylatomus  pihatus,  the  pileated  woodj^ecker;  Pieus 
villosus,  the  hairy;  Pious pubesiens,  the  downy  ;  Sphyrapious  variics,  the  yellow-bellied; 
Centurus  carolinus,  the  red-bellied ;  Melanerpes  erythrocephalus,  the  red-headed,  and 
Coloptes  auratus,  the  golden-winged  woodpecker. 

3.  Insessores  —  Trochilus  colubris,  the  humming  Ijird  ;  Chaetura  pelasgia,  the  chim- 
ney swallow  ;  Antrostomus  vociferus,  the  whippoorwill ;  Ohordeilus  Popetue,  the  night 
hawk  ;  Ceryle  Alcyon,  the  kingfisher  ;  Tyrannus  carolinensis,  the  king  bird  ;  Myiarchus 
crmi^i/s,  the  great  crested  flycatcher ;  Say  o  mis  fuscus,  the  pewee  ;  Cantopus  virens,  the 
woodpewee;  Tardus  7nustelinus,  the  wood  thrush;  Turdus fuscescens,  Wilson's  thrush; 
Turdus  migratorius,  tiie  robin  ;  Sialia  sialis,  the  blue  bird  ;  Regulus  calendula,  the  ruby- 
crowned  wren  ;  Regulus  Satrapa,  the  golden-crowned  wren  ;  Anthus  ludovicianus,  the  tit 
lark;  Mniotilta  varia,  the  black  and  white  creeper;  Protonotaria  citrea,  the  prothonotory 
warbler  ;  GreotJdypis  trichas,  the  Maryland  yellow  throat ;  Oporornis  formosus,  the  Ken- 
tucky warbler;  Ictria  viridis,  the  3'ellow-breasted  chat;  Helmitherus  vermivorus,  the 
worm-eating  warbler  ;  Helminthe  phaga  Pinus,  the  blue-winged  yellow  warbler  ;  Helmin- 
thophaga peregrina,  the  Tennessee  warbler;  Seiurus  aurocapillus,  the  golden-crowned 
thrush  ;  Seiurus  noveboracensis,  the  water  thrush  ;  Dendroioa  virens,  the  black-throated 
green  warbler  ;  Dendroica  ooronata,  the  jellow-rumped  warbler  ;  Dendroioa  BlackburnicB, 
Blackburnian  warbler  ;  Dendroioa  castanea,  the  bag-breasted  warbler  ;  Dendroioa  pinus, 
the  pine-creeping  warbler  ;  Dendroioa  pennsylvanica,  the  chestnut-sided  warbler  ;  Den- 
droioa eoerulea,  the  blue  warbler ;  Dendroioa  striata,  the  black  poll  warbler ;  Dendroioa 
cestiva,  the  yellow  warbler  ;  Dendroioa  palmarum,  the  yellow  red  poll ;  Myiodioctes  mitra- 
tus,  the  hooded  warbler ;  Setophaga  ruticilla,  the  red  start ;  Pyranga  rubra,  the  scarlet 
tanager ;  Pyranga  cestiva,  the  summer  red  bird  ;  Hirundo  horreorum,  the  barn  swallow  ; 
Hirundo  bicolor,  the  white-bellied  swallow  ;  Cotyle  siparia,  the  bank  swallow :  Cotyle 
serripennis,  the  rough-winged  swallow  ;  Progne  purpurea,  the  purple  martin  ;  Ampelis 
garrulus,  the  wax-wing ;  Ampelis  cedrorum,  the  cedar  bird  ;  Collyrio  borealis,  the  butcher 
bird  ;  Collyrio  exeubitoroides,  the  white-rumped  shrike  ;  Vireo  olivaceus,  the  red-eyed  fly- 
catcher ;  Vireo  nove  boracensis,  the  white-eyed  flycatcher ;  Vireo  solitarius,  the  blue- 
headed  flycatcher ;    Vireo Jlavifrons,  the  yellow-throated  flycatcher;    Mirnus  carolinensis. 


298  HISTOKY   OF   I'KOHIA    (  OIN  TY. 

the  cat-bird  ;  Ilarporhi/ttrhus  rufris,  the  brown  thrush  ;  Troglodytes  .^lldon,  the  house 
wren  ;  Troglodytes  hyemalis,  tlie  winter  wren  ;  Oerthia  Americana,  the  American  creeper  ; 
Sitta  carolivensis,  the  white-l)ellie(l  nut  hatch ;  Hitta  canadetii<is,  the  red-bellied  nut 
hatcii ;  Polioptila  coernlea,  the  blue-graj-  flycatcher;  Lophophanus  bicolor.  the  tufted  tit 
mouse  ;  Parus  atricapillus,  the  black  cap  tit  mouse  ;  Eremophila  cornuta,  the  sky-lark  ; 
Hesperlphona  vespertina,  the  evening  grosbeak,  (only  once  seen,  probably  a  straggler  from 
the  Northwest);  Carpodceus  purpuretts,  the  purple  finch  :  Ckrymmiitris  triiitix.  the  yellow 
bird  ;  Plectrophauen  nivalis,  the  snow  bunting ;  Chondestes  grammaca,  the  lark  finch  ; 
Suneo  hyemalis,  the  snow  bird  ;  Spizella  monticola,  the  tree  sparrow  ;  Spipella  socialis,  the 
chipping  sparrow  ;  Melospiza  melodia,  the  song  sparrow  ;  Passerella  iliaca,  the  fox- 
colored  sparrow;  Euspiza  amerieana,  the  black-throated  bunting;  Guiraca  Ludovaiana, 
the  rose-breasted  grosbeak  ;  Cyanospiza  cyanea,  the  Indigo  bird  ;  Cardinalis  virginianus, 
the  cardinal ;  Pipilo  crythrophthalmus,  the  ground  robin  ;  Melothrus  pecoris,  the  cow  bird  ; 
Agelaius  phoeniceus,  the  red-winged  black  bird ;  Stumella  magna,  the  meadow  lark  ; 
'leterus  spurius,  the  orchard  oriole ;  Teterus  Baltimore,  the  Baltimore  oriole  ;  Scolecopha- 
</u8/frrM^/ne?*«,  the  rusty  black  bird;  Quiscalus  versicolor,  the  crow  Ijlack  bird;  Corvus 
Americanus,  the  crow  ;    Cyanura  cristata,  the  blue  jay. 

4.  Rasores  —  Ectopistes  migratoria,  the  passenger  pigeon  ;  Zenaidura  carolinensis, 
the  common  dove;  Melt-agris gallopavo,  the  wild  turkey;  Cupidonia  cupido,  the  prairie 
chicken  ;   Ortyr  virginianus,  tlie  quail. 

5.  Grallatores — Grus  americanus,  ihe  whooping  crane;  Grus  canadensis,  the 
sand-hill  crane  ;  fferodias  egretta,  white  heron  ;  Ardea  herodias,  the  great  l)lue  heron  ; 
Ardetta  erilis,  the  least  bittern  ;  Botaurus  lentiginosus,  tlie  bittern  ;  Butorides  vinscens, 
tlie  green  heron  ;  Xyctardca  gardeni,  the  night  lieron  ;  Tantalus  loculator.  the  wood  il)is  ; 
/Aw  ordiV,  the  glossy  ibis  (both  stragglers  from  the  South);  C'haradrius  virginicus,  the 
golden  plover ;  Aegialitis  voeiferus,  the  kill-deer ;  Aegialitis  semipalmatus,  the  king 
plover ;  Phularopus  wilsonii.  Wilson's  phalarope ;  Phllohela  minor,  the  woodcock  ; 
Gallinago  irilsonii,  the  English  snipe  ;  Macrozhamphns  griseus,  the  red-breasted  snipe  ; 
yiacrozhamphus  scolopaceus,  the  gray  snipe  ;  Tringa  ma-ulata,  the  jack-snipe  ;  Tringa 
u'ilsonii,  the  least  sand-piper;  Ereunetes  petrificatus,  the  seinipalmated  sand-piper;  Sym- 
phenia  semipahnata,  the  willet ;  Gambetta  melanolenca,  tlie  lell-tale  ;  Gamlntta  flavipi's, 
the  yellow  legs  ;  Rhyai'ophilus  solitarius,  the  solitary  sand-piper  ;  Tringoidrs  macedarius. 
the  spotted  sand-piper  ;  Actiturus  partramiits,  the  field  plover  ;  Limosafedoa,  the  marbled 
god-wit;  iVH/Hc/iiMx /oH//(V(<'J</r(')*,  tlie  long-billed  curlew  ;  Ilalliis  elt'gans,  the  marsh  hen  ; 
ilallus  virginianus,  the  Viigiiiia  rail ;  Porzana  Carolina,  {he  common  rail  ;  Fulica  ameri- 
eana, the  coot. 

6.  Natatorks —  C'^.(/HU.s/-M(,v('«a^o;-,  the  trumpeter  swan  ;  Anscr  hypcrl>i>rcns,ihe  snow 
goose;  Anscr gamhelii,  the  white-fronted  goose  ;  Bernicla  canadensis,  the  Canada  goose  ; 
Anas bosehns,  the  mA\h\\i\  ;  Anas  oAscwrrt,  the  dusky  duck  ;  Dafila  acuta,  the  sprick-tail  ; 
Nettion  carolinensis,  the  green-winged  leal  ;  Qiicnpicdula  discors,  the  blue-winged  leal; 
Spatula  clypeta,  the  spoon-bill  ;  Chaulelasmus  strepcrus,  the  gadwall  :  Marcia  amerieana, 
the  widgeon  ;  Air  sponsa,  the  summer  duck;  Fulix  marila,  the  big  blauk-heud  ;  Eulix 
affinis,  tile  l)lue-bill  ;  Fulix  collaris,  the  ring-necked  duck  ;  Aythya  amerieana,  the  red- 
iicad  ;  Aythya  vallisneria,  the  canvas-back  ;  Buccphala  amcricuna,  the  golden  eye  ;  Buce- 
phala  alluola,  tiie  bullle-liead  ;  Mergus  aintricanus,  the  sheldrake  ;  Mcrgus  serrator,  the 
red-l)reasled  merganser;  Loph"dyte»  cucullatus,  the  lii)i)ded  merganser:  J'clecanus  rryth 
uriiynchus,  the  pelican  ;  Gramlus  dilophus,  the  doubU'-crcstcd  cornnjranl  ;  Larus  argcnta- 
tus.  the  herring  gull ;  Larus  delewarensis,  the  common  gull;  Sterna  regia,  the  royal  tern  ; 
Sterna  wilsonii,  Wilson's  tern  ;  Hydroshelydon  plumhea,  the  short-tailed  lern  ;  Colymbus 
torijuatus,  the  loon  ;  Podylimbus  podiceps,  the  pied-bill  grebe. 

In  the  first  volume  of  Trans,  of  111.  Agr.  Sue,  two  lists  of  Illinois  birds  were 
published,  one  for  Cook  county,  by  Robert  KcnnikoU,  and  one  for  tiie  southern  part  of 


HISTORY  OF  PEORIA  COUNTY.  299 

the  State  by  Henry  Pratteii.  From  these  two  lists  and  tliat  above,  which  contains  181 
species  of  birds,  it  appears  that  in  the  State  of  Illinois  239  species  have  been  observed,  and 
that  we  may  add  to  the  Peoria  list  21  species  which,  though  not  yet  noticed,  occur  as 
well  south  as  north  of  Peoria.  About  380  is  the  number  of  species  in  the  United  States 
east  of  the  Mississippi  river,  including  all  the  numerous  swimming  birds,  which,  partly 
from  far  North,  visit  periodically  our  coasts. 

m.   REPTILES. 

1.  Testudinata — Aspidoncetes  spinifer,  the  soft  shell  turtle  ;  Chelydra  serpentina,  the 
snapping  turtle  ;  Aromochelys  odoratus,  the  musk  tortoise  ;  Grnosternum  pentisylvanium, 
the  mud  tortoise  ;  Pseudemys  elegans,  the  elegant  tortoise  ;  Malacodemmys  geographicus, 
the  map  turtle;  Malaooclemmys  pseudo  geographicus,  another  map  turtle  ;  Chrysemys  picta 
ver  marginata,  the  painted  turtle  ;  Chrysemys  Bellii,  Bell's  tortoise. 

2.  Lacertilia — Cnemidophorus  sexlineatus,  the  lizard,  and  Opheosaurus  ventralis, 
the  glass  snake,  a  snake-like  lizard  without  feet. 

3.  Ophidia  —  Crotalus  horridus,  the  banded  rattlesnake ;  Caudisona  tergemina, 
the  prairie  rattlesnake  ;  Ancistrodon  contortrix,  tlie  cojjperhead  —  only  these  three  are 
poisonous,  all  the  others  are  harmless  and  beneiicial.  Ophibolus  eximius,  the  milk  snake  ; 
Ophibolus  getulus  var  sayi,  the  king  snake  ;  Chlorosma  vernalis,  the  green  snake  ;  Coluber 
obsoletui,  the  pilot  snake ;  Pitnophis  melano  leucus,  the  bull  snake  ;  Bascanion  constrictor, 
the  black  snake  ;  Eutainia  sirtalis  and  Eutainia  proxima,  two  brown  snakes  ;  Storeria 
occipito  maeulata,  the  brown  snake  ;  Storeria  de  kayi,  the  small  brown  snake  ;  Tropidonotus 
sipedon,  the  water  snake,  and  the  Variety  erythrogaster  ;  Heterodon  platyrhinus,  the  blow- 
ing viper  ;  Coluber  vulpinus,  the  racer. 

4.  Batrachians  —  Ifecturus  later atis,  the  mud  puppy  ;  Ambly stoma  tigrinum,  the 
tiger  triton  ;  Amblystoma  punctatum,  the  newt ;  Bufo  lentiginosus  Americanus,  the  toad  ; 
Hyla  versicolor,  the  tree  frog  ;  Rana  halecina,  the  leopard  frog ;  Rana  catesbiana,  the  bull 
frog. 

IV.    FISHES. 

AlvordiuB  maculatus,  the  blenny  darter ;  Alvordius  phoxocephalus,  the  sharp-nosed 
darter  ;  Boleosoma  maculatum,  the  Johnny  darter  ;  Poeciliththys  variatus,  the  blue  darter  ; 
Peria  americana,  the  3'ellow  perch ;  Stizostethium  canadense,  the  sand  pike  ;  Stizostethium 
vitreum,  the  glass  eye  ;  Miaropterus  salmoides,  the  small-mouthed  black  bass  ;  Chaenobryt- 
tus  gulosus,  the  black  sunfish  ;  Apomotis  cyanellus,  the  blue-spotted  sunfish  ;  Xenotis  mega- 
lotis,  the  blue-and-orange  sunfish  ;  Eupomotis  aureus,  the  common  sunfish  ;  Pomoxys  nigro- 
maculatus,  the  grass  bass  ;  Pomoxys  annidaris,  the  croppie  ;  Haploidonotus  gruniens,  the 
sheep  head  ;  Labidesthes  siccidus,  the  silversides  ;  Zygonectes  dispar,  the  striped  minnow  ; 
Esox  lucius,  the  pike  :  Esox  salmoneus,  the  pickerel ;  Hyodon  tergisus,  tiie  moon  eye  ;  Doro- 
soma  cepidianum,  the  hickory  shad ;  Pomolobus  chrysochloris,  the  Ohio  shad ;  Campostoma 
anomahim,  the  stone  lugger ;  Hyborhynthus  notatus,  the  blunt-nosed  minnow  ;  Hybogna- 
thus  argyritus,  the  silvery  minnow :  Alburnope  storerianus,  Storer's  minnow  ;  Alburnops 
haematurus,  Luxilus  cornutus,  the  shiner;  Photogenis  analostanus,  the  silver  fin  ;  Lythru- 
ruH  displaemius,  the  red  fin ;  Notropis  atherinoides,  the  emerald  minnow  ;  Notemigonus 
chrysolemus,  the  bream  ;  Semotilno  corporalis,  the  horned  dace  ;  Myxostoma  duquesnii,  the 
red  horse  ;  Myxostoma  areodiim,  the  small-headed  mullet ;  Myxostoma  velatum,  the  small- 
mouthed  red  horse  ;  Minytrema  melanops,  the  spotted  sucker ;  Catostornus  Commersonii, 
the  common  sucker ;  Cycleptus  elongatus,  the  black  horse  ;  Carpiodes  velifer,  the  spear- 
fish  ;  Ichthyobus  bubalus,  tlie  brown  Ijuffalo  ;  Bubalichthys  urus,  the  black  buffalo  ;  Buba- 
lichtys  cyanellus,  the  small-mouthed  buffalo  ;  Ichthaelurus  punctatus,  the  blue  cat ;  Amiu- 
rus  vulgaris,  the  long-jawed  cat ;  Amiurus  catus,  the  bull  liead  ;  Amiurus  Xanthocephalus, 
the  yellow-headed  cat ;  Pelodichthys  olivaris,  the  mud  cat ;  Nbturus  flavus,  the  yellow- 


300  HISTOKY   OF   PEOIUA   roiNTV 

Stone  Ciit ;  N^oturua  gialis,  the  chubby-stoue  cat ;  Anguilla  rostrata,  the  eel  ;  Amia  calva, 
the  donjfish  ;  Lepido»teu»  osseiu,  the  gar  pike  ;  Lepidosteus  platyttomiu,  the  short-uosed 
gar  :  Polyodon  folium,  the  spoon-bill  ;  Acipeiuer  maculogus,  the  spotted  sturgeon  ;  Scaphi- 
rynthus  plati/rhynthu*,  the  shovel-nosed  sturgeon;  Ammoeeteg  aryentcun,  the  silvery  lam- 
prey. 

The  whole  number  of  vertebrates,  as  far  as  known,  in  this  county,  is  304  ;  mammals, 
30;  birds,  181;  reptiles,  28;  batrachians,  7;  and  fishes,  o^.  Tliere  are  not  included  as 
immigrants  the  rat,  the  house-mouse,  and  the  house-sparrow,  which  was  lately  inten- 
tionally introduced,  but  soon  will  prove  a  nuisance. 

INVEETEBBATES. 

It  would  fill  a  volume  to  enumerate  the  species  of  this  division  of  the  Animal  King' 
dom.  It  will  be  suflScient  to  have  named  the  most  prominent  of  each  class  and  family 
Insects  are  very  numerous,  often  more  than  our  farmers  and  gardeners  like.  The 
devastations  in  agriculture  and  horticulture  caused  by  the  periodical  increase  of  certain 
species  of  grasshoppers,  cicades,  beetles,  hpridopteroiu  and  dipterous  larvie,  which  in  an 
epidemic  manner  overrun  large  districts  are  often  enormous.  About  the  year  1856  nearly 
all  our  locust  trees,  at  that  lime  the  most  general  shade  tree,  were  destroyed  by  the  larva  of 
a  black  and  yellow  beetle,  called  Clytus  Jiegtuosiig  ;  in  18G'.*  the  potato  beetle  made  his  ap- 
pearance and  did  great  damage  during  several  years;  in  18To  a  barklouse  infested  the 
soft  maple  and  now  the  larvas  of  an  immigrated  white  butterfly,  pierU  oleraiea,  ravages 
the  cabbage.  Fortunately  these  enemies  of  the  products  of  our  soil  have  their  enemies 
also,  which  diminish  their  number  in  a  far  more  eflBcient  way,  than  all  our  artificial 
remedies.     So  their  devastations  are  only  periodical. 

Of  the  butterflies  and  moths  may  be  named  as  the  most  showy  :  PapiUo  Turnus  and 
its  variety  glaucus,  Troilus,  Asterias,  Philenor,  Thoa»,  Ajax,  Callldryas,  Marcellina, 
Colias,  CcBSonia,  C.  Edusa,  C.  Philodice,  Terias  Lisa,  T.  mesicana  (properly  a  straggler 
from  the  South),  Danais  Archippus,  Aryynnis  Cyhele,  A.  columhina,  A.  myrina,  MeliUra 
Pfui'fon,  M.  Asiiifrca,  M.  Tharos,  Grapta  ititerrogationix,  I'liiexmi  T-allui:'.  V.  Antiopa, 
Pyrainein  Atalantd,  J',  cardui,  P.  huntera,  lunonia  casnia,  LUiytfu'a  Bach/nani,  Xymphalin 
Ursula,  N.  Dissippus,  Apatura  Celtis,  Deilephila  lineata,  Darapsa  myron,  Chcerocampa 
tersa,  Philampetus  satellitia,  P.  Achanton,  Macrosiln  Carolina,  M.  (/uifupieinavilata,  Sphiiu 
Kalmiiv,  Ancerys  ello,  Ceratomia  quadricornis,  0.  npfntinus,  Smfrinthun  myops,  S.  esoivca- 
tus,  S.  modt'gtus,  S.  i/emifiatus,  ^aturnia  So,  S.  Maja,  Attams  Europia,  A.  Promcthce,  A. 
Luna,  A.  Polyphernus,  Ceratocampa  regatis,  0.  imperialis,  and  many  smaller  muths. 

Amply  represented  are  the  mollusks  by  ti>e  genus  Unis  in  the  Illinois  river:  U. 
alatus,  gracilis,  plicatus,  multiplicatus,  luvrymosus,  cornutus,  tuherculatiis,  elegans,  securit, 
occideno,  luUolus,  crassus,  gihhotus,  wardii,  donaciformis,  triangularis,  verrucosus,  anadon- 
toides,  ellipsis,  coccineus,  pusttilosus,  trigonus,  zigzag,  Margaritana  confragoaa  and  Anodotita 
grandis. 

There  are  land  ami  water  snails  of  the  genera  Helix,  Succinea,  Pupa,  Planorbit, 
Physa,  Lymncea,  Paludina,  Melattia. 

To  follow  further  down  the  lower  organizations  of  animal  life  would  not  be  in  the 
compass  of  this  work. 


HISTORY   OF  PEORIA   COUNTY.  301 


CHAPTER    VIII. 

POLITICAL  ECONOMY. 

Counties  and  County  Commissioners  —  Origin  of  the  System  —  Towns  and  Town  Supervisors  —  Origin  of  the  Sys- 
tem—  First  Session  of  the  County  Commissioner's  Court  —  Starting  the  County  Government  —  First  Road 
View  —  Dram  Shops  —  Ferries  and  Ferry  License  —  First  Jurymen  —  North  and  South  Roads  —  Election  Pre- 
cincts—  First  County  Exhibit  —  First  Assessment  —  Taxes  and  Tax  Payers  in  1825. 

COCrNTIES   AND   COtTNTY  COMMISSIONERS. 

The  present  system  of  County  management  is  so  different  from  that  practiced  when 
the  County  was  first  organized  and  until  1850,  that  a  paragraph  in  explanation  is  neces- 
sary. Management  b}-  three  men,  styled  the  Board  of  County  Commissioners,  or  County 
Commissioners  Court,  is  of  Southern  origin  and  practice,  while  the  present  system  by  a 
Board  of  Supervisors,  consisting  of  one  member  from  each  township  and  division  of  cities, 
is  of  Eastern  or  New  England  origin. 

County  organization  originated  with  Virginia,  whose  early  settlers  soon  became 
large  landed  proprietors,  and  aristocratic  in  feeling.  In  consequence  of  their  large  landed 
interests,  they  lived  apart  in  almost  baronial  magnificence  on  their  own  estates,  and 
owned  the  laboring  population.  Under  these  circumstances  the  materials  for  a  town 
were  not  at  hand,  the  voters  being  thinly  scattered  over  a  large  area  of  country.  County 
organizations,  where  a  few  influential  men  managed  the  wliole  business  of  the  communi- 
ty, retaining  their  places  almost  at  will,  was  in  consonance  with  their  recollections  or 
traditions  of  the  judicial  and  social  dignities  of  the  landed  aristocracy  of  England,  in  de- 
scent from  whom  the  Virginians  felt  so  much  pride.  In  1634,  eight  counties  were  organ- 
ized in  Virginia,  and  the  system,  extending  throughout  the  State,  spread  into  all  the 
Southern  States,  and  some  of  the  Northern  States,  unless  we  except  the  nearly  similar 
division  into  "  districts  "  in  South  Carolina,  and  that  into  "  parishes  "  in  Louisiana,  under 
French  introduction. 

Illinois,  as  already  shown,  became  a  County  of  Virginia  on  the  conquest  of  the  coun- 
try by  Gen.  Clark,  and  retained  the  County  organization.  The  first  settlement  by 
Americans  was  by  people  from  the  Southern  States,  almost  exclusively,  who  adhered  to  the 
customs  and  practices,  social  and  political,  of  the  States  in  which  they  had  been  born  and 
educated.  The  men  who  framed  the  first  Constitution  all  lived  in  the  southern  part  of 
the  State.  There  was  not  a  man  in  the  convention  from  any  part  of  the  commonwealth 
north  of  Madison  and  Crawford  counties.  The  first  Legislatures  were  also  made  up  of 
men  strictly  Southern  in  sentiment,  and  it  is  not  strange  that  they  engrafted  in  the  Con- 
stitution of  1818,  and  the  early  laws  under  it,  features  in  consonance  with  their  ideas  of 
political  economy  and  government.  The  Countj-  system  continued  in  exclusive  practice 
until  1848.  Under  it  the  local  business  was  managed  by  three  Commissioners  in  each 
County,  who  constituted  a  County  Court,  with  quarterly  sessions. 

TOWNS    AND   TOWN   SUPKRVISOBS — ORIGIN   OF   THE   SYSTEM. 

While  the  southern  part  of  the  State  was  settled  by  people  from  the  Southern 
States,  the  northern  and  central  parts  were  settled,  in  the  main,  by  people  of  New  Eng- 
land birth  and  character,  who.  like  their  southern  neighbors,  brought  with  them  the  cus- 
toms, political  and  otherwise,  of  the  States  in  which  they  had  grown  to  manhood.  These 
customs  were  essentially  different  fmui  those  in  practice  in  the  south  part  of  the  State, 
and  as  the  Eastern  or  New  England  population   increased  by  imlgation,  their  sentiments 


302  HISTORY   OF   f'EOKIA    COLNTY. 

and  ideas  of  political  economy  grew  more  and  more  compact;  and,  consequently,  dissat- 
isfied with  wiiat  they  regarded  as  an  arbitrary  and  ineflBcient  system  of  County  manage- 
ment. It  was  maintained  !>)•  this  people  that  tlie  heavily  populated  districts  always  con- 
trolled the  election  of  the  Commissioners  to  the  disadvantage  of  the  more  thinly  settled 
sections;  in  short,  that  under  that  system  "  equal  and  exact  justice  "  to  all  parts  of  a 
county  could  not  be  secured.  Under  these  iufluences  the  constitutional  provision  of 
1848  and  the  subsequent  law  of  1849  were  enacted,  enabling  the  people  to  vote  "  for  "  or 
"  against  "  adopting  the  township  system.  This  law,  if  adopted,  erected  each  township 
into  a  kind  of  independent  municipality,  and  clothed  them  with  the  right  to  regulate  their 
own  domestic  or  internal  affairs,  and  with  the  further  r'ght  to  be  representad  in  a  larger 
municipal  body  for  the  whole  county,  when  the  members  from  the  several  townships  became 
a  County  Board  of  Supervisors.  The  (juestion  was  submitted  to  the  people  at  the  elec- 
tion held  on  the  first  Tuesday  after  the  first  Monday  in  November,  1849,  and  while  uni- 
versally approved  and  adopted  in  counties  where  there  were  a  majority  of  New  England- 
ers  and  a  preponderance  of  New  England  sentiment,  the  plan  was  unpojmlar,  disapproved 
and  rejected  where  there  were  a  majority  of  Western  and  Southern  voters.  As  a  conse- 
quence both  systems  are  in  force  in  Illinois.  Mr.  Ballance,  writing  in  1870,  said  :  "  The 
new  plan  furnishing  more  offices  than  the  other,  which,  to  Americans,  is  an  unanswera- 
ble argument  in  favor  of  any  measure,  the  thing  has  been  so  managed  that,  in  a  little  less 
than  twenty-six  years,  sixty-six  counties  have  come  into  the  measure,  leaving  only  thirty- 
six  which  still  stand  out  and  refuse  to  adopt  the  system."  Peoria  county  was  one  of  the 
first  to  adopt  the  system,  and  the  records  show  that  the  first  meeting  of  the  Board  of 
Supervisors  was  held  on  the  8th  day  of  April,  18.50. 

The  township  plan  originated  in  Massachusetts,  and  dates  back  to  1635.  The  first 
legal  enactment  concerning  this  system  provided  that,  "  Whereas,  particular  towns  have 
many  things  which  concern  only  themselves,  and  the  ordering  of  their  own  affairs,  and 
disposing  of  business  in  their  own  town,"  therefore  the  freemen  of  every  town,  or  the 
major  part  of  them,  sliall  only  have  power  to  dispose  of  their  own  lands  and  woods,  with 
all  the  aj)purtenances  of  said  town,  to  grant  lots,  and  to  make  such  orders  as  may  con- 
cern the  well-ordering  of  their  own  towns,  not  repugnant  to  the  laws  and  orders  estab- 
lished by  the  General  Court. 

The  New  England  colonies  were  firsl  jjoverned  by  .-i  "General  Court,"  or  legislature,  composed  of  a  Governor 
and  small  council,  which  court  consisted  of  the  most  influential  inhabitants,  and  po>sessed  and  excercised  both  legis- 
lative aud  judicial  powers,  which  were  limited  only  by  the  wisdom  of  the  holders.  They  made  laws,  ordered  their 
execution  by  officers,  tried  civil  and  criminal  cases,  enacted  all  manner  of  municipal  regtilations ;  and,  in  fact,  did  all 
the  public  business  m  the  colony  in  which  they  held. 

"They  might  also,"  remarks  Mr.  Elijah  M.  Haines,  in  his  Laws  of  Illinois,  Rela- 
tive to  Township  Organization,  "  impose  fines  of  not  more  than  twenty  shillings,  and 
choose  their  own  'particular  officers,  as  constables,  surveyors  for  the  highways  and  the 
like.'  Evidently  this  enactment  relieved  the  General  Court  of  a  mass  of  muiiicipal  de- 
tails, without  any  danger  to  the  powers  of  that  body  in  controlling  general  measures  of 
puijlic  policy.  Probably,  also,  a  demand  from  the  freemen  of  the  towns  was  felt  for  the 
control  of  tlieir  own  home  concerns." 

.Similar  provisions  for  the  incorporttion  of  towns  were  made  in  the  fii-st  constitution 
of  Connecticut,  adopted  in  1639.  Tiic  plan  ])roved  popular  and  became  universal  through- 
out New  England,  and  came  westward  with  the  emigrants,  to  New  York,  Ohio  and 
other  Western  Slates,  including  Northern  Illinois,  Wisconsin,  Iowa  and  Minnesota. 

FIRST    8Fa.SION    OF   THE   COUNTY   COMMISBIONKU's   COURT. 

The  fust  meeting  of  the  Hoard  of  County  Commi.^sioner's  Court  was  lield  on  the 
eighth  day  of  March,  the  next  day  after  the  election.  [Mere  it  is  proper  to  remark  that 
neither  one  of  the  three  commissioners  was  chosen  from  Peoria  county,  as  defined  by  the 


HISTORY   OF   PEOniA   (^UXTY.  303 

act  under  which  it  was  organized,  but  from  the  territory  attached  for  judicial  purposes. 
Of  the  second  Board  only  one,  John  Hamlin,  was  chosen  from  the  county.] 

There  is  nothing  on  record  to  show  where  the  Commissioners  met,  but  it  is  reason- 
able to  presume  it  was  at  the  house  of  William  Eads.  After  being  "  dul}'  qualified 
according  to  law,"  the  Court  was  declared  organized,  and  Peoria  count}-,  with  two  hun- 
dred dollars  in  the  State  treasury-  to  draw  on,  was  launched  upon  an  independent  county 
basis.     The  first  business  of  the  Court  was  the  appointment  of  clerk,  and  it  was 

Ordered,  That  Norman  Hyde  be  appointed  Clerk  of  the  County  Commissioner's  Court. 

Mr.  Hyde  was  "  duly  qualified,  "  and  entered  upon  the  duties  of  scribe.  This  re- 
cord, as  are  all  the  old  records  in  the  County  Clerk's  office,  is  in  an  excellent  state  of 
preservation,  and  has  been  carefully  kept.  It  is  a  six  quire  volume,  plain  blue  paper 
binding,  a  fair  qualit}' of  paper  for  the  times,  but  coarse  as  compared  with  the  paper  of 
modern  manufacture.  The  record  was  commenced  in  a  very  plain  hand,  and  is,  in  fact, 
a  very  handsomely  kept  transcript  of  the  Court's  proceedings.     We  copy  : 

Ordered,  That  Aaron  Hawley  be  appointed  Treasurer  of  Peoria  County. 

Ordered,  Tliat  the  County  seat  l)e  called  Peoria. 

Ordered,  That  a  court  house  be  erected  on  some  suitable  site  where  the  Commissioners  shall  designate,  of  the 
following  dimensions  to  wit  :  Twenty  feet  square  and  nine  feet  from  the  floor  to  the  joists,  with  a  good  plank  or 
puncheon  floor  ;  said  house  to  be  built  of  good  materials  and  in  a  woikmanlike  manner. 

Ordered,  That  a  Clerk's  office  be  erected  of  the  following  dimensions,  to  wit  :  Fourteen  feet  square,  with  a 
good  puncheon  floor  to  be  done  in  a  good  workmanlike  manner  and  of  good  material. 

Ordered,  That  the  court  house  and  clerk's  office  be  let  out  to  the  highest  (lowest  ?)  bidder,  on  Saturday,  the 
twelfth  day  of  March  inst.,  at  twelve  o'clock  a.  m.  The  clerk's  office  to  be  erected  by  the  20th  inst.,  and  the  court 
house  by  the  25lh  of  May  next. 

Four  days  later  these  orders  were  revoked,  and  no  court  house  was  built  until  1836 
when  the  brick  structure  that  preceded  the  present  fine  stone  building  was  erected.  Un- 
til that  time  the  courts  were  held  first,  in  a  small  log  building,  (the  Ogee  cabin)  about 
sixteen  by  eighteen  feet,  that  stood  on  or  near  the  site  occupied  by  the  Fort  Clark  mill  ; 
and  afterwards  when  the  population  and  attendance  increased  so  that  the  "  little  old 
cabin  "  was  too  small,  in  an  upjier  room  of  a  stone  building  on  Water  street.  The  clerk's 
offices,  in  early  times,  were  kept  in  the  cabin  residences,  of  the  clerks.  "  When  I  came 
here  "  — in  1831  —  remarks  Mr.  Ballance,  Isaac  Waters  was  clerk  of  both  Courts.  He 
lived  in  a  cabin  made  of  small  imhewn  logs,  daubed  with  common  mud,  not  half  large 
enough  to  accommodate  his  family,  and  yet  he  had  no  other  place  to  keep  the  few  books 
and  papers  belonging  to  the  Courts.  These  he  sometimes  could  not  find,  and  was  blamed 
when,  perhaps,  he  deserved  more  to  be  pitied.  After  the  present  court  house  was  built 
(the  one  recently  torn  down — Ed.)  the  clerks  and  sheriff  were  accommodated  with  rooms 
in  the  first  story.  " 

At  the  same  session,  the  8th  of  March,  it  was  further 

Ordered,  That  Robert  Berrisford  be  appointed  Constable. 

Ordered.  That  Reuben  Brattan  and  Seth  Wilson  be  appointed  Constables. 

The  Court  then  adjourned  until  the  12th,  at  10  o'clock  a.m.  At  this  session  only 
two  of  the  Commissioners,  Nathan  Dillon  and  William  Holland  were  present. 

Ordered,  That  the  Order  of  the  eighth  inst.,  for  building  a  court  house  and  clerk's  office,  be  and  the  same  is 
hereby  revoked. 

Ordered,  That  Abner  Eads,  Stephen  French  and  Daniel  Prince  be  and  they  are  hereby  appointed  trustees  of 
the  sixteenth  section,  in  township  eight  north,  and  range  eight  east,  in  the  County  of  Peoria,  said  section  being  ap- 
propriated for  the  use  of  schools. 

Ordered,  That  all  property  subject  to  a  county  tax  be  taxed  one-half  per  cent,  on  the  value  of  the  same. 

The  Court  then  adjourned. 

The  next  meeting  was  held  on  the  16th  of  April.     Full  Board  present. 


304  HISTORY   OF   PEORIA   COUNTT. 

V 

FIRST   6BAND  JUK0E8. 

Ordertd,  That  the  following  persons  be  summoned  by  the  Sheriff  to  be  and  appear  as  grand  jurors  at  the  next 
Circuit  Court,  to  be  held  on  the  second  Monday  in  June  next,  in  and  for  the  County  of  Peoria,  to  wit  ;  William 
Eads,  Abner  Eads,  Alva  .Ntoffati,  Elijah  Hyde,  Noah  Beacham,  senior,  William  Wright,  John  Ridgeway,  Robert 
Berrisford.  Josiah  Fulton,  Thomas  Camlin,  John  Phillips,  George  Ish,  David  Mathews,  Jacob  Wilson.  Elisha  Fish, 
Isaac  Perkins.  Nathaniel  Cromv.ell.  Walter  Dillon,  William  Davis,  Alexander  McNaughton,  George  Sharp,  Austin 
Crocker,  Augustus  Langworthy,  Allen  Dougherty. 

FIRST   TRAVERSE  JURORS. 

It  was  fuither  ordered,  that  the  following  persons  be  summoued  as  a  traverse  jury  : 

Stephen  French,  Joseph  Ogee,  Abner  Cooper,  George  Love,  Joseph  O'Brien,  Elias  P.  Avery,  Thomas  Dillon, 
Jesse  Dillon.  Seth  Wilson,  John  Klein.  George  Klein,  Stephen  Carle  and  James  Walker. 

From  some  cause  the  June  term  of  court,  for  which  these  jurore  were  drawn,  was 
never  held ;  consequently  they  never  qualified  as  jurors. 

The  Clerk  was  directed  to  furnish  the  sheriff  with  a  list  of  the  jurors,  "  according  to 
law,"  when  it  was  further 

Ordered,  That  Reuben  Brattan,  Absolom  Dillon,  Daniel  Like  and  George  Harlan  be  appointed  constables  for 
Peoria  County. 

An  order  was  entered  of  record,  recommending  William  Smith  to  the  governor  as 
a  "  suitable  person  to  fill  the  office  of  Justice  of  the  Peace  in  and  for  the  County  of 
Peoria." 

An  order  relating  to  the  county  seat  quarter  was  then  made,  when  the  court 
adjourned. 

At  the  June  session  it  was 

Ordered,  That  the  following  persons  be  summoned  as  traverse  jurors,  to  be  and  appear  at  the  next  Circuit 
Court,  to  be  held  in  and  for  the  County  of  Peoria  on  the  second  Monday  in  June,  inst..  at  lo  o'clock.  A.  M. :  Horace 
Crocker.  Noah  Beacham,  jr..  Aquila  Mnffatt.  Henry  Neely,  William  Smith,  Charles  Love,  John  Sharp.  William 
Barker,  John  Cooper.  Daviil  Hukey.  Philip  Latham. 

John  Dixon  was  recommended  to  the  governor  for  appointment  to  the  office  of  Jus- 
tice of  the  Peace. 

Rivers  Cormack  was  appointed  to  take  the  census  of  Peoria  county. 

FIRST   FERRY   UNDER    AUTHORITY   OF   PEORIA   COUNTY, 
On  the  7th  of  June  it  was 

Ordered,  That  the  ferry  license  granted  by  the  County  Commissioner's  Court  of  Sangamon  and  Fulton  counties 
lo  John  L.  Hogardus,  authorizing  him  to  keep  a  ferry  across  '.he  Illinois  river  opposite  the  town  of  Peoria,  be  entered 
on  the  records  of  this  court. 

Then  follows  the  written  authority  of  Sangamon  and  Fulton  counties,  duly  signed 
by  the  proper  officers.  The  SaiiLcamon  county  "  order  "  is  certified  to  be  correct  by  "  C. 
K.  Matht;ny,  C.  C,  l)y  E.  VVrit,'ht.  Dept.  CFk,"  and  the  Fulton  county  "order"  is  certi- 
fied to  lie  correct  by  "John  Dewey,  Clerk,  etc."  The  Peoria  roniinissioiiers  ordered 
that  the  rates  of  ferriage  as  established  by  Sangamon  and  Fulton  counties  be  adopted. 
These  rates  were  as  follows  : 

For  each  man  and  horse '8J|  cents. 

"        "     foot  person >3Ji  " 

"        "     Dearborn  sulky  or  chair 50 

"        "     wagon  or  oilier  four-wheeled  carriage,  with  horses  or  oxen 37)4  " 

"        "     cart  with  two  oxen -37)i  " 

"  every  head  of  neat  cattle,  horses  or   mules "Ji  " 

"  each  hog,  sheep  or  goat 4  " 

"  every  hundred  weight  of  goods,  wares  or  merchamlise IS)i  " 

"        "      bushel  of  wheat,  or  other  article  kuld  by  the  bushel 4  " 


HISTORY   OF   PEORIA   COUNTY.  305 

And  all  other  articles  not  enumerated  in  the  list,  in  equal  and  just  proportions.  And  when  the  lake  or  river  is 
over  its  banks,  at  the  first  material  bend  of  the  creek  from  its  mouth,  when  a  landing  can  not  be  had  at  that  place, 
double  these  rates. 

FIRST   ROAD   VIEW. 

Ordered,  That  the  petitition  of  sundrj'  inhabitants  of  the  county  of  Peoria  praying  for  the  appointment  of 
viewers  to  view  a  road  leading  from  the  ferry  landing  opposite  the  village  of  Peoria  to  the  old  crossing  on  Sugar  creek, 
near  Robert  Musick's,  be  granted,  agreeable  to  the  prayer  of  said  petitioners  ;  and  that  Samuel  Fulton,  Alexander 
McNaughton,  and  Norman  Hyde,  be  appointed  viewers. 

FIRST  COUNTY  ALLOWANCE. 

Ordered,  That  Aaron  Hawleybe  allowed  forty-one  dollars  in  paper  of  the  State  Bank  of  Illinois  for  services 
rendered  the  county,  and  that  the  treasurer  pay  the  same. 

DRAM   SHOP   LICENSE    AND   PRICES. 

John  Barker,  on  the  8th  of  June,  was  authorized  to  keep  a  dram  shop  in  the  town 
of  Peoria,  and  that  the  clerk  grant  him  a  license,  and  take  his  bond  according  to  law, 
upon  his  paying  ten  dollars  in  paper  of  the  State  Bank  of  Illinois  for  the  use  of  the 
county,  and  one  dollar  for  clerk's  fees.     It  was  further 

Ordered,  That  the  said  Barker  be  allowed  to  charge  according  to  the  following  rates,  to-wit  : 

For  each  half  pint  of  wine,  rum  or  brandy 25      cents. 

"       "     pint  of  wine,  rum  or  brandy _ yiYz  " 

"       "     half  pint   of  gin _. l8|!^  " 

"       "     pint  of  gin 3'^  " 

"       "     one  gill  of  whisky 6^  " 

"       "     half  pint  of  whisky.. 12^  " 

"       "     pint  of   whisky 18^  " 

"       "     breakfast,  dinner  or   supper 185^  " 

"       "     horsefeed _ 12^  " 

"  keeping  horse  overnight _ 25  " 

"       "     night's  lodging  for  one  person - 123-^  " 

MISCELLAISEOTJS. 

Joseph  Ogee  was  allowed  one  dollar  in  specie,  or  its  equivalent  in  State  paper,  for 
the  use  of  his  house  for  holding  this  term  of  court. 

Norman  Hyde  tendered  his  resignation  as  clerk  of  the  Commissioner's  Court  on  the 
8th,  which  was  accepted,  and  John  Dixon  was  appointed  to  fill  the  vacancy. 

Peter  DuMont  was  allowed  one  dollar  for  his  services  as  clerk  of  the  election  in 
March. 

Ordered,  That  the  Circuit  Court  be  held  in  the  house  of  Joseph  Ogee,  below  the  ferry  landing. 

Norman  Hyde  was  allowed  twelve  dollars  and  fifty  cents  for  services  as  clerk  of  the 
court. 

July  16th  John  L.  Bogardus  was  appointed  to  take  the  census  of  the  county  vice 
Rivers  Cormack,  who  declined  the  appointment  previously  tendered. 

Hiram  M.  Curry  was  appointed  Constable.  In  some  places  the  name  of  Hiram 
McCurry  appears  in  the  records,  but  the  representative  of  this  name  is  identical  with 
Hiram  M.  Curry. 

June  8th,  the  court  being  in  session,  an  order  was  entered  appointing  John  L.  Bo- 
gardus assessor,  providing  the  "  Judge  of  the  Circuit  Court  should  give  his  opinion  that 
the  assessment  previously  made  was  not  valid."  At  this  session  the  appointment  of  Mr. 
Bogardus  was  confirmed,  from  which  it  would  seem  the  Circuit  Judge  had  rendered  the 
opinion  that  the  previous  assessment  referred  to  was  not  valid.  The  assessment  was 
ordered  to  commence  at  once. 

Cornelius  Brown  was  licensed  to  keep  a  dram  shop  in  the  village  of  Peoria,  upon 
the  same  terms  and  was  allowed  the  same  rates  as  Mr.  Barker,  previously  licensed. 

Aaron  Hawley  and  John  L.  Bogardus  were  recommended  to  the  Guvei  nor  as  suita- 
ble persons  for  appointment  to  the  office  of  Justices  of  the  Peace. 


30fi  HISTORY   OF   F'EORIA    COfXTY. 

Frederick  H.  Countryman  and  Elijah  Hyde  were  appointed  Constables. 
The   Commissioners  now  reconsidered  their   first  order  relating  to    tax    levy  and 
increased  the  rate  from  one-half  of  one  per  cent,  to  one  per  cent. 

OrJertd,  Tlial  the  Sheriff  of  Peoria  county  be  authorized  to  draw  and  receive  out  of  the  treasury  of  the  Stale 
of  Illinois  the  sum  of  two  hundred  dollars,  being  the  proportion  of  non-resident  land  tax  allowed  said  county  by  the 
act  entitled  "  An  act  for  forming  a  new  county  out  of  the  county  land  in  the  vicinity  of  Fort  Clark,  approved  Jan- 
uary 13,  1825." 

Then  follows  this  entry  :  '•  Be  it  remembered  that  on  this  16th  day  of  July,  1825, 
John  Dixon,  Esq.,  appeared  in  open  court  and  took  the  oath  of  office  as  a  justice  of  the 
peace  in  and  for  Peoria  county ;  also  the  oath  to  support  the  Constitution  of  the  United 
States  and  of  this  State,  and  the  oath  prescribed  in  the  act  entitled  'An  Act  to  Suppress 
Dueling,'  approved  February  22,  1819." 

MORE   JURYMEN. 

The  next  session  of  the  court  was  held  in  September,  when  the  following  persons 
were  ordered  to  be  summoned  as  grand  jurymen  for  the  next  term  of  the  Circuit  Court, 
which  was  set  for  the  second  Monday  in  November :  Stephen  French,  Abner  Cooper, 
George  Love,  Joseph  O'Brian,  Elias  P.  Avery,  Thomas  Dillon,  John  Dillon.  Seth  Wilson, 
John  Kline,  George  Kline,  John  Hamlin,  Archibald  Allen,  Nathaniel  Cromwell.  Isaac 
Perkins,  James  Latta.  Henry  Thomas.  George  Harlan,  Isaac  Waters.  Augustus  Long- 
worthy,  George  Siiarp.  William   Holland,  Josejili  Smith.  John   Phillips.  Major  Dunahoe. 

None  of  these  rei)resentatives  of  the  olden  time  are  known  to  the  people  of  Peoria 
county  in  1880.  If  any  of  them  are  living,  no  one  here  knows  where.  It  is  fair  to  pre- 
sume that  all  of  them  have  been  gathered  to  the  home  of  their  fathers. 

PETIT  JURORS. 

Austin  Crocker,  William  Clark,  Stephen  Carroll,  Joseph  Ogee,  William  Blanchard, 
Elijah  Fish,  David  Matthews,  William  E.  Phillips,  George  Ish,  Josiah  Fulton.  Jacob 
Funk,  Isaac  Funk,  Hugh  Montgomery,  Alexander  McNaughton,  Allen  Dougherty,  Nathan 
Dillon,  Walter  Dillon,  William  Davis,  William  Woodrow,  John  Somers,  Elijah  Hyde, 
Alva  Moffatt,  William  Eads,  and  Seth  Fulton,  were  ordered  to  be  summoned  as  petit 
jurors. 

Of  these  jurors,  Jacob  Funk  was  subsequently  killed  by  a  merchant  of  Pekin.  Taze- 
well county,  at  Coalville,  just  across  the  river  from  I'eoria,  about  1830  or  18;!1.  He  was 
owing  a  debt  to  the  merchant,  about  which  there  had  been  several  quarrels.  The  mer- 
chant had  brought  suit  and  obtained  judgment.  He  waited  patiently  and  often  asked 
Funk  to  pay  the  judgment,  receiving  insolent  replies.  At  last  the  merchant's  patience 
became  exhausted,  and  he  registered  an  t)ath  that  he  woulil  collect  the  debt.  The  mer- 
chant ordered  an  execution,  and  the  sheriff,  being  jjartially  cri[>plcd,  and  Funk  a  sort  of 
bully,  a /)o«««  of  men  was  summoned  to  accompany  the  sheriff  to  make  the  levy,  the  mer- 
chant among  them.  Funk  was  a  blacksmith,  and  when  the  sheriff  anil  his  party  arrived 
at  his  shop,  they  found  it  barricaded  and  Funk  ready  to  receive  them.  After  some 
maneuvering  Funk  came  out  from  behind  the  bariicadc,  mid  in  the  melee  which  followed 
the  sheriff  was  jiusIkmI  over  or  knocked  down  by  Funk,  when  he  was  shot  and  killed  by 
the  merchant.     F'unk  was  related  to  the  great  Illinois  farmers  of  that  name. 

A  few  years  ago  McNaughton  was  reported  to  be  living  in  Henry  county,  a  hale, 
healthy  old  man,  surrounded  by  all  the  comfortjj  of  life. 

NORTH  AND  SOUTH  ROADS. 

September  (5.  .Tames  Barns,  James  I^atta  an<l  William  Clark  were  a]>pointed  to  view 
the  riiail  leading,'  from  Peoria  to  the  south  line  of  the  county  ;  and  Stoiihcn  French,  Elias 
P.  Avtiy  ami  llinry  Thomas  were  apjiointed  to  view  the  road  lending  from  Peoria  to  the 


HISTORY   OF   PEORIA   COUNTY.  307 

north  boundary  of  the  county.  At  a  session  of  the  court,  on  the  sixth  of  December, 
these  viewers  submitted  favorable  reports,  which  were  accepted,  and  the  roads  were  or- 
dered to  be  opened. 

Ordered,  That  William  Holland  shall  receive  four  dollars  in  specie,  or  its  equivalent  in  Slate  bank  paper,  for 
running,  or  causing  to  be  run,  the  exterior  lines  of  the  town  of  Peoria,  and  making  a  plat  of  the  same,  and  the  treasu- 
rer is  hereby  required  to  pay  the  same. 

ROAD    DISTRICTS. 

At  this  session  of  the  court,  there  road  districts  were  established  with  the  following 
boundaries : 

First  Diitrict.  —  Beginning  on  the  bank  of  Peoria  Lake,  between  townships  eight  and  nine  north,  thence  west  on 
the  line  between  said  townships  to  the  west  line  of  the  county  ;  thence  north  with  said  line  to  the  northern  boundary  of 
the  county  ;  thence  east  with  said  boundary  line  to  the  Illinois  river  ;  thence  down  the  same  to  the  place  of  beginning_ 

Stephen  French  was  appointed  supervisor  of  this  district. 

Second  District.  —  Beginning  on  the  bank  of  Peoria  Lake,  between  townships  eight  and  nine  north  ;  thence  west 
to  the  west  line  of  the  county  ;  thence  south  with  said  line  to  the  Illinois  river  ;  thence  up  the  same  to  the  line  be- 
tween townships  twenty-four  and  twenty-five  north,  on  the  east  side  of  the  river,  strikes  the  same  ;  thence  east  to  the 
third  principal  meridian  ;  thence  north  with  said  meridian  to  the  north  line  of  township  twenty-seven  north;  thence 
west  to  the  Illinois  river. 

John  L.  Bogardus  was  appointed  supervisor  of  the  second  district. 

Third  District — All  that  tract  of  country  lying  east  of  the  Illinois  river  and  south  of  township  twenty-four  north, 
shall  constitute  the  third  road  district  ;  ane  that  Thomas  Dillon  shall  be  supervisor  of  said  district.  At  the  Decem- 
ber session,  the  Court  ordered  that  township  twenty-four  be  included  in  this  district. 

At  the  March  session,  1826,  these  road  districts  were  so  divided  as  to  increase  the 
number  to  eight,  and  so  on  from  year  to  year  as  the  settlements  extended  and  population 
increased. 

The  Court,  at  this  (September)  session,  fixed  the  prices  to  be  paid  for  labour  on  the 
public  highways  at  these  figures  : 

Each   man,   for  one  day's  "  labour "  with    necessary  implements   as   directed   by  the 

Supervisor. 75  cents. 

Each  yoke  of  oxen  with  necessary  log  chain 50     " 

Each  plow  or  cart  per  day _ _ 12^'' 

Each  sled  per  day__ 6X" 

Each  *' ■waggon'''  per  day 25     " 

Each  scraper  per  day _ 25     " 

Archibald  Claibourne  (Clyburn?)  was  appointed  constable  for  Peoria  county. 
Archibald  Allen  and  Charles  Collins  were  "  authorized  to  keep  a  '  tavern  '  in  the  town 
of  Peoria,  bj-  giving  the  bond  required  by  law  and  paying  ten  dollars  in  paper  of  the 
State  Bank  of  Illinois,  with  the  clerk's  fees,  and  that  they  be  alh'wed  to  charge  the 
same  rates  allowed  to  John  Barker,  and  that  the  clerk  be  allowed  to  take  their  bond  and 
receive  the  money  for  the  county." 

The  Court  then  adjourned  until  court  in  course. 

At  the  December  session  the  treasurer  was  "  ordered  to  pay  William  Smith  one  dol- 
lar in  State  paper  for  his  services  as  Judge  of  tlie  election  in  March  last."  Clerk  Dixon 
was  allowed  seven  dollars  and  eighteen  and  three-fourth  cents,  for  stationery,  which  is 
the  first  stationery  allowance  on  record. 

On  Tuesday,  the  6th,  Isaac  Perkins,  Hugh  Woodrow  and  Ezekiel  Tevener  were 
ordered  "  to  proceed  to  view  a  road,  agreeable  to  the  prayer  of  the  petitioners  for  that 
purpose,  from  Peoria,  passing  the  '  Trading  post '  and  the  house  of  Isaac  Perkins,  to  in- 
tersect the  Springfield  road  at  or  near  Prairie  creek." 


308  HISTORY  OF  PEORIA   COUXTY. 

ELECTION  PRECrSCTS. 

At  this  term  of  their  Court  the  Commissioners  divided  Peoria  county  and  the  country 
subject  to  its  jurisdiction,  into  three  election  precincts. 

CHICAGO  PEECrNCT. 
This  precinct  was  defined  as  follows  : 

To  contain  all  that  part  of  the  country  east  of  the  mouth  of  the  LaPage  river,  where  it  empties  its  waters  into 
the  Atix  Plain  ;  and  it  is  further  ordered  that  the  elections  shall  be  held  at  the  Agency  House,  or  "  Cobwebb  Hall." 
And  it  is  further  ordered  that  this  precinct  shall  be  known  as  the  Chicago  precinct,  and  that  Abner  Wolcott,  John 
Kinzie  and  J.  B.  Baubien  shall  be  judges  of  all  general  and  special  elections. 

PEOKIA    PRECINCT. 

Otdtred,  That  all  that  tract  of  country  north  and  west  of  the  Illinois  river,  and  north  of  township  twenty-four 
and  west  of  the  third  principal  meridian.  shiU  form  tlie  Peoria  precinct  ;  that  elections  shall  be  held  at  the  Clerk's 
office,  and  that  Stephen  French,  Abner  Eads  and  John  Phillips  shall  be  judges  of  elections  in  said  precinct. 

MACKINAW    PRECINCT. 

Ordered,  That  all  the  residue  of  the  County  shall  form  the  Mackinaw  precinct ;  that  the  elections  shall  be  held 
at  the  house  of  Jesse  Dillon,  and  that  Isaac  Perkins,  William  Eads  and  Thomas  Dillon  be  appointed  judges  of  elec- 
tions in  said  precinct. 

MORE    CONSTABLES. 

Henry  Allen  was  appointed  constable,  and  Darius  Holcomb  was  recommended  to  the 
Governor  as  a  suitable  person  for  Justice  of  the  Peace.  William  Clack  was  authorized 
to  keep  a  ferry  across  the  Illinois  river,  opposite  Mackinaw  bluff.  Francis  Bulbonuit, 
senior,  and  Francis  Hulbonait,  junior,  were  licensed  to  keep  "tavern"  at  the  Trading 
House,  about  three  miles  from  the  town  of  Peoria,  on  the  same  conditions  and  subject  to 
the  same  restrictions  as  those  imposed  on  other  tavern-keepers.  A  tavern  in  those  da)'s 
meant  more  a  dram-shop,  or  a  place  where  liquors  were  retailed,  than  tavern  or  hotel. 
But  no  man  could  keep  a  tavern  at  that  period  in  the  history  of  the  country  unless  he 
kept  a  bar,  and  the  bar  well  supplied  with  liquors. 

SQUARING   UP  THE    PUBLIC  ACCOUNTS. 

The  remainder  of  this  session  of  the  court,  excepting  some  orders  relating  to  the 
county-seat,  was  devoted  to  the  examination  and  allowance  of  accounts,  etc.,  for  the  first 
nine  months  of  the  county's  existence.  Abner  Eads  was  allowed  twelve  dollars  for 
boarding  and  guarding  No -ma- que,  an  Indian  prisoner  charged  with  murder.  Elijah 
Hyde  was  allowed  seventeen  dollars  tliirty-seven-nnd-a-half  cents  for  conveying  No  -  ma - 
que  to  the  Sangamon  county  jail.  William  Clark  was  paid  fifteen  dollars  and  ninety 
cents  for  "services  rendered  as  per  bill  on  file."  Hugh  Monlvromery  received  five  dollars 
and  seventy-five  cents  for  guarding  No-  ma  -(jue  ;  John  (irifliii,  same  services,  eight  dol- 
lars and  fifty  cents;  Augustus  Langworthy,  five  dollars  for  medical  services  rendered 
No -ma -que;  Samuel  Fulton,  sheriff,  eighteen  dollars  and  seventy-five  cents;  Alexander 
McNaughton,  five  duUars  for  viewing  road;  Josiah  Fulton,  eight  dollars  for  guarding  No- 
ma-inie  :  Sti'idii'ii  French,  five  dollars  and  fifty  ecnts  for  services  as  road  viewer;  Isaac 
Perkins,  one  (lollar  as  judge  of  election  :  James  Barnes,  three  dollars  for  services  as  road 
viewer;  William  Clark,  three  dollars  for  similar  .services;  Joseph  Ogee,  six  dollars  for 
use  of  his  house  for  holding  Circuit  Court  ;  John  Barker,  one  dollar  eighteen  and  three- 
fourths  cents  for  ferryage  ;  John  Sharp,  guarding  No -ma -que,  four  dollars  ;  William 
Clark  six  dollars  for  same  services  ;  Norman  Hyde,  two  dollars  for  book  for  use  of  liis 
(iflici- ;is  Probate  Juilge  ;  Aichibald  Allen  for  A.  (ialitin  ;  Williiim  Lee  and  Elliott  Lee, 
filutii  dollars  lor  guaiding  No -ma  -  qiit-  ;  Aijuilla  MofTatt.  iwn  dullar.s  for  guarding  No  - 
ma  -  que.     Total,  from  March  7th  —  the  day  of  the  election  —  to  December  6th.  iiiclud- 


HTSTORY   OF   PEORIA    COUXTT.  309 

ing  allowances  previously  quoted,  $226.15.  To  this  should  be  added  the  per  diem  of  the 
commissioners,  which  is  not  entered  this  year.  Supposing  it  to  be  fifty  dollars,  and  the 
total  of  expenditures  amount  to  $276.15. 

SHERIPP'S   ACCOTJNT. 

The  Court  ordered  to  be  entered  on  record  the  following  account  with  Sheriff  Ful- 
ton : 

Dr. — To  amount   of  taxes  as  returned  by  the   Assessor  including  twenty   dollars  re- 
ceived from   the   clerk  for  tavern  license - -.  $339.I5 

Cr. — By  amount  of  bad   debts 29.90 

"    County  orders  and  percentage  on  the  same 105.04 

"    State  paper  _ 46-50 

"       "         "         including  interest  thereon 2i.6o 

"    $33-45  11  specia,  being  equal,  in  State  paper,  to 66. go 

"    State  paper  _ 19.21 — $289.15 

The  Court  adjourned  sine  die  on  the  8th  of  December. 

Besides  the  County  Commissioners,  Sheriff,  Coroner  and  County  Clerk,  the  follow- 
ing officers  were  sworn  into  office  between  the  8th  day  of  March,  and  21st  day  of  Decem- 
ber, 1825 : 

Norman  Hyde,  Probate  Judge,  June  4th. 

Isaac  Perkins,  Public  Administrator,  May  28th. 

John  L.  Bogardus,  Commissioner  to  take  the  Census  of  the  County,  September  5th. 

Norman  Hyde,  Countj^  Surveyor,  December  20th. 

Justices  of  the  Peace,  Stephen  French,  March  28th  ;  Jacob  Wilson,  John  Phil- 
lips, March  30th ;  Nathan  Dillon,  March  31st ;  John  Dixon,  July  16th ;  John  Kinzie, 
July  28th  ;  John  L.  Bogardus,  December  17th. 

In  addition,  there  were  a  number  of  constables  and  minor  officers,  but  no  consecutive 
register  of  their  names  or  the  date  when  the}'  qualified,  was  kept. 

For  justices  of  the  peace  there  was  but  little  absolute  necessity.  There  was  not 
much  marrying  in  those  daj's,  sueing  nor  being  sued,  nor  many  fineable  offenses  com- 
mitted. From  the  time  the  county  machinerj"  was  set  in  motion  on  the  8tli  day  of  March, 
1825,  until  the  last  session  of  the  court  in  1826,  which  was  held  in  December,  the 
amount  of  fines  collected  was  only  sixteen  dollars  and  fifty  cents.  The  people  of  the 
different  settlements  were  a  kind  of  law  unto  themselves,  and  generally  attended  to  their 
own  business,  and  gave  no  occasion  for  the  interference  of  officei's  of  the  law.  The  laws 
of  honor  prevailed  to  a  much  greater  extent  than  in  later  years,  and  most  of  the  settlers 
considered  their  word  as  good  as  their  bond.  The}'  respected  the  rights,  the  situation 
and  necessities  of  each  other,  and  tried  to  help  their  neighbors  instead  of  harassing  them 
by  "  going  to  law  "  with  them  about  trifles.  These  conditions  were  the  foundations  of 
Peoria's  prosperity. 

FIRST   ASSESSMENT  —  TAXES   AND   TAX-PArERS   IN    1825. 

As  already  known,  all  the  country  west  of  Peoria  county  to  the  Mississippi  river  and 
north  to  the  State  line,  as  well  as  a  jjart  of  the  country  east  of  the  Illinois  river,  was 
subject  to  the  jurisdiction  of  the  Commissioners'  Court,  from  the  records  of  which  we  are 
quoting.  In  all  that  immense  territory  there  were  only  one  hundred  and  twenty-three 
tax-payers  in  1825,  as  certified  by  Assessor  Bogardus.     His  report  is  here  appended  : 


810 


HISTORY   OF  PEORIA    ((lUNTY. 


Name  A.vn  Residence.  Amount. 

Avery.  Eliis  I'..  La  Salle  I'rairie $200  00 

Alscombe,  .\nloine.  Trading   House 5000 

Allen,  Archibald.  I'eoria 15000 

Beaubien.  John  B..  Chicago.    1,000  00 

Beauchamp,  Noah,  Sr.,  Peoria aoo  00 

Beauchamp,   Noah,  Jr.,  Peoria lOO  00 

Barker,  John.  Peoria 40000 

Bourbonne,   Francis,  Trading  House 20000 

Blanchard,  Wm,  Ten  Mile 15°  00 

Bethard,  Elza,Ten  Mile 275  00 

Braltoii,  Reuben,  Ten  Mile 135  00 

Banks.  Thomas,  Ten  Mile 5°  00 

Baresfurd,   Robt.,  Fox  R  iver 50  00 

Brierly,  Thos.  N.,  Litlle  Detroit 160  00 

Bogardus,  John  I,.,  Peoria 500  00 

Bryant.  Joseph,  Peoria 300  00 

Beabor,  Louis,  Trading  House 700  00 

Bourbunne,   Francis,  Jr.  Trading  House 10000 

Brown.  Cornelius,  Peoria 1 50  00 

Barker,  .Andrew.  Farm  Creek 100  00 

Clybourne.  Jonas,  Chicago 625  00 

Clark,  John  K.,  Chicago 250  00 

Crafts.    John.  Chicago 5,00000 

Carroll,  Stephen,  La  Salle  Prairie 150  00 

Cline,  George,  Illinois  Prairie 70  00 

Cline,  John,  Illinois  Prairie 264  00 

Cromwell,  Nathan,  Illinois  Prairie 300  00 

Curry,  Hiram  M.,  Ten  Mile 225  00 

Cooper,  Abncr  N.,  Litlle  Detroit 120  00 

Crocker,  Austin,  Farm  Creek 200  00 

Camlin,  Thomas,  Farm  Creek 300  00 

Clermont,  Jerry,  Chicago 100  00 

Coutra,   Louis,  Chicago.. 5000 

Cuuntramaii,  Fred,  Fox  River. 50  00 

Dougherty,  Allen  S.,  Mackinaw  Point 100  00 

Dillon,  Walter,  Mackinaw   Point 25000 

Dillon,  Nathan,  Mackinaw   Point 40000 

Dillon,  Absalom,  .Mackinaw  Point 200  00 

Dillon,  Thuma',,  Mackinaw   Point 30000 

Dillon,  Jesse,  .Mackinaw  Point 7*7  00 

Dillon,  John,  Mackinaw  Point 93  00 

Davis,  William,  Mackinaw  Point 200  00 

Dixon,  John,  Peoria 35000 

Du  M<inl.  Peter,   Little  Detroit 5000 

Donahoue,  Major,  Ten  Mile 200  00 

Egman,  Jessie,  Illinuis  Prairie 100  00 

Eads,  William,   Peoria 35000 

Eads,  Abner,  Peoria Soo  00 

Ellis.  Levi,  Illinois  Prairie 25  00 

Clark.  William.  Illinois   Prairie 25000 

Field,  Gilbert.  La  Salle  I'rairie 150  00 

French,  Stcphrn,   Farm  Creek 20000 

Fulton.  Samuel,  Peoria 30000 

F'ullon,  James,  Farm  I 'reek 12   50 

F'ulton,  fosiah.  Farm  Creek 150  00 

Fulion,  Seth,  Ten  Mile 100  00 

Fish,  Klisha,  Farm  Creek 200  00 

Funk,  Jacob,  Farm  Creek 50000 

Funk,  Isaac,  Peoria 200  00 

(iriflin,  John,  La  Salle  Prairie  ..  50  00 

Gilbert,  Levi,  Illinois   Prairie..  25  00 

Harriwn.  Jesse,  Peoria 50  00 

Hamlin,  John.  Peoria 400  00 

Hollaml,  William.   Peoria 80000 

Hyde,  E.  &  N..  I'eoria 700  00 

Hawley.  Aaron,  Fox  River 200  00 

Hawley,  Pierce,  Fox  River ..      300  00 

The  jiluces  designated  as  Farm  Creek, 
Trading  Houhc  (Wesley  City),  etc.,  were  wi 


Name  and  Residence.  Amount- 

Harlin,  Joshua,  Farm  Creek ..  150  00 

llarlin,  George,  La  .Salle  I'rairie 15000 

Hallock,  Lewis.  La  Salle  Prairie 50  00 

Hunter,  Jacob  M..  Peoria 5000 

Ish.  George,  Farm  Creek.. 25000 

Kinzie.  John,  Chicago.... 500  00 

Love,  Charles.  Peoria 15000 

Love,  George  N.,  Little  Detroit 35000 

Langworthy,  Augustus,  Peoria 200  00 

Latham,  J.,  Peoria 30000 

Latham,  Philip,  Peoria 100  00 

Like,  Daniel.  Peoria 50  00 

La  Framboise,  Joseph,  Chicago 5000 

La  Framboise,  C,  Chicago 100  00 

Latta,  James,   Illinois  Prairie 20000 

Montgomery,  Hugh,  Mackinaw  Point 200  00 

.McNaughton,  Alexander,  Mackinaw  Point..  150  00 

Moffatl,  .Alva,  Poiria 6000 

Moflatt,  Aquilla,  Peoria 40  00 

Mather,  David,  Ten  Mile 200  00 

McCormick,  Levi,  Illinois  Prairie 50  00 

McKee,   l.)avid,  Chicago 100  00 

McLaree.  Jessee.  Peoria 25  00 

Neeley.  Henry.  Peoria 1 50  00 

Ogee,  Joseph,  Illinois  Prairie 200  00 

Perkins,  Isaac,  Illinois  Prairie 400  00 

Phillips,  John  and  Wm..Ten  Mile 400  00 

Patterson,  John,  Prince's  Grove 20  00 

Prince,  Daniel,  Prince's  Grove 200  00 

Porter,  Martin,  Peoria loo  00 

Piche,  Peter,  Chicago 100  00 

Redman,  Eli,  Mackinaw  Point 35  00 

Redman,  Henry,  Mackinaw   Point 35  00 

Ridgeway,  John,  l^  .Salle  I'rairie loo  00 

Robinson,  .\lexander.  Chicago 200  00 

Ransom,  .\mherst  C,  I'eoria lOO  00 

Ramsey. John  L.,  Fox  River 200  00 

Sommers,  John,  Illinois  Prairie 300  00 

Scott,  Peter,  Mackinaw  Point 50  00 

Smith,  Joseph,  Farm  Creek 550  00 

Sharp,  George,   Peoria 608  00 

Stephenson,  John,  Ten  .Mile 40  00 

Stout,  Kphraim,  Sr.  and  Jr..  Illinois  Prairie..  joo  00 

Walker.  Jesse.   Fox  River 5000 

'Vhorp,  Jonathan,  Illinois  Prairie 100  00 

Turner.  Ezckiel,  Illinois  Prairie 150  00 

Van  Scoyk.  Joseph,  Peoria 50  00 

Walker,  Hugh,  La  Salle  Prairie 50  00 

Wolcott,  Alexander,  Chicago 572  00 

Willmeltc,  AnIOMie,  Chicago 400  00 

Weed,  Kdmon<l,  Ten   Mile 174  00 

Wilson,  Seth,  Illinois  Pmirie 20000 

Wilson,  Jacob,  Ten  Mile 300  00 

Woodrow,  Samuel,  Illinois   I'rairie.........  15000 

Woodrow,   Hugh,    Illinois  Puiiric 350  00 

Waters,  Isaac,  Peoria 10000 

Total $30,455   50 

Smith,  William.  I  called  on  him  for  the  amount  ol 
personal  properly.  He  refused  to  render  the  same.  As 
near  as  I  can  ascertain,  il  amounts  10  $150. 

I.John  L.  Uogardus,  do  hereby  certify  that  the  above 
is  the  astessment  for  the  year  1S25. 

John  L.  Bouaruus,  Aisriict. 
To  John  L.  Dixon,  Esq..  CUrk  of  CouHly  Cammistiomrn' 

Court. 

P.  S. — .\mounl  received  f<ir  lavern  license,  $20. 

Aliickinaw,  Illinois  I'rairie,  Ten  Mile  Creek, 
ithin  the  present  limits  of  Tazewell  county. 


HISTORY   OF   PEORIA   COUNTY.  311 


CHAPTER  IX. 

POLITICAL  ECONOMY  CONTINUED. 

:826:  Thanks  of  the  County  Court  to  President  John  Quincy  Adams — Fox  River  Precinct  —  Rev.  Jesse  Walker  — 
Fever  River  Precinct — August  Election  —  The  Candidates  —  Peter  Williams  —  Second  Financial  Exhibit  — 
County  Revenue  —  Tavern  and  Ferry  Rates  —  Delinquent  Taxes  —  Mining  Excitement.  Chicago  :  First  Ferry 
and  Tavern  License  —  Turnpike  and  Election  Accounts  —  Marriage  Records  —  Justices  of  the  Peace  —  Billy 
Caldwell  —  Shabonee  —  An  Old  Document. 

March  6,  the  Court  being  in  session  the  clerk  was  directed  to  transmit  to  the  Presi- 
dent of  the  United  States  the  thanks  of  the  Court  for  his  prompt  compliance  with  the 
prayer  of  their  petition  for  leave  to  enter  the  fractional  quarter  section  of  land  on  wliich 
to  locate  their  county  seat ;  and  also  that  he  (the  Clerk)  be  directed  to  inform  the  Pres- 
ident that  his  kind  interference  in  their  behalf  did  not  produce  the  result  desired. 

FOX   RIVEB   PRECINCT. 

At  this  session,  the  Conrt  ordered  that  an  election  precinct  be  established  by  the 
following  boundaries :  "  All  that  district  of  country  north  of  Senatchwine  creek,  and 
the  River  Dupage,  within  the  bounds  of  this  State,  to  be  known  and  distinguished  as  the 
Fox  River  Precinct,  and  that  all  general  and  special  elections  shall  be  held  at  the  house 
of  Jesse  Walker,  near  the  Junction  of  the  Illinois  and  Fox  rivers  (Ottawa)  and  that 
Aaron  Hawley,  Henry  Allen  and  James  Walker  be  appointed  jndges  thereof." 

EBV.    JESSE   WALKER. 

The  Jesse  Walker  here  mentioned  was  a  Methodist  preacher  and  missionary,  and  of 
the  first  to  Ijreak  the  bread  of  life  on  the  waters  of  the  Illinois  river.  He  was  a  good 
man,  and  his  soul  full  of  the  milk  of  kindness.  At  one  time  what  was  known  as  the 
Green  River  settlement,  on  Fox  river,  run  short  of  provisions,  and  the  people  were  on  the 
verge  of  starvation.  Jesse  Walker  heard  of  their  destitute  and  suffering  condition  and 
sent  them  word  from  the  Sangamon  settlement,  near  Springfield,  that  if  they  would  send 
a  keel-boat  down  the  Illinois  and  up  the  Sangamon  to  within  six  miles  of  Springfield, 
the  settlers  there  would  load  it  with  needful  provisions.  Jesse  Walker  undertook  the 
relief  expedition  in  person,  obtained  a  keel-boat  at  Peru,  and,  securing  Josiah  Fulton  as 
pilot,  proceeded  to  the  point  named,  where  the  boat  was  loaded  as  the  pioneers  to  San- 
gamon had  promised.  They  returned  to  Peru,  and  from  there,  through  the  importunity 
of  Walker,  tliey  went  on  up  the  river  as  far  as  Starved  Rock,  where  the  cargo  was  land- 
ed. It  arrived  just  in  time  to  "do  the  most  good."  Josiah  Fulton,  the  pilot,  returned 
to  Peoria  by  canoe. 

This  is  not  the  only  instance  of  Jesse  Walker's  interest  in  suffering,  hungering 
pioneers,  that  is  mentioned.  His  name  and  good  deeds  were  enshrined  in  the  hearts  of 
the  pioneers  and  transmitted  to  their  posterity.  Blessed  be  the  name  and  the  memory  of 
Jesse  Walker. 

FEVER   RIVEK    PRECINCT. 

At  their  June  session  (June  2,  182G),  the  Commissioners  "  ordered  that  an  election 
precinct.  No.  5,  comprise  the  following  boundaries  :     All  of  Mercer  and  Warren  counties, 


312  HISTOKY  OF  PEORIA   COTTXTY. 

and  the  attached  parts  thereof."  This  precinct  included  the  Fever  river  lead  mines,  Jo 
Daviess  county,  and  the  returns  of  the  election  uf  the  7th  of  August,  1826,  were  made  as 
from  the  "  Fever  River  Mines  Precinct."  At  the  same  session  the  Court  revised  a  former 
order  relating  to  judges  for  the  August  election,  and  appointed  the  following  : 

Chicago,  Alexander  Wolcott,  John  Kinzie,  J.  B.  Beaubien. 

Fox  River,  James  Walker,  Pierce  Hawley,  Robert  Berrisford. 

Peoria,  Abner  Eads,  Stephen  French,  Jolin  Phillips. 

Mackinaw,  Isaac  Perkins,  William  Eads,  Thomas  Dillon. 

AUGUST   ELECTION. 

As  already  noted  the  first  election  in  Peoria  county  was  held  on  the  7th  day  of 
March,  1825.  The  second  election  was  held  on  the  7th  day  of  August,  1826,  the  day  on 
which  general  elections  were  held  in  the  olden  times.  The  vote  in  each  of  the  four 
precincts  where  polls  were  held,  was  as  follows  : 

Peoria 8l 

Mackinaw 51 

Chicago 3' 

Fever  River 20a 

Total '. 369 

The  following  were  the  candidates  voted  for,  and  the  number  of  votes  cast  for  each 
candidate  : 

Governor — Ninian  Edwards,  239;  Thomas  Sloo,  Jr.,  106  ;  Adolphus  Hubbard,  6 — 351. 

Lieutenant  Governor  —  Samuel  H.  Thomas,  247  ;  William  Kennedy,  47  — 284. 

Congressman  —  Daniel  P.  Cook  (after  whom  Cook  county  was  named),  250  ;  Joseph 
Duncan,  80  ;  James  Turney,  7  —  340. 

State  Senator  —  James  Harris,  174  ;  Lewis  Kinney,  87  ;  Peter  Journey,  51  ;  Archi- 
bald Job,  36  ;  Peter  Williams,  2  ;  George  Cadwell,  1  —  351. 

Representative  —  John  L.  Bogardus,  96  ;  Jesse  Harrison,  ir;4  ;  Ossian  M.  Ross,  39  ; 
Henry  J.  Ross,  40  —  329. 

Sheriff — Samuel  Fulton,  106  ;  George  Harlin,  61  ;  Joshua  Walker,  46. —  213. 

Coroner  —  Henry  Neely,  79  ;  Allen  C.  Dougherty,  67  ;  Resolved  Cleveland,  35 — 181. 

County  Coniniissioners  —  William  Holland,  105  ;  Nathan  Dillon,  106  ;  John  Hamlin, 
172  ;  Stephen  C.  French,  lOl ;  Rivers  Cormack,  81 ;  Hiram  M.  Curry,  46;  Gideon  Hawley, 
18.     Hollin,  Dillon  and  Hamlin  were  elected. 

No  election  returns  were  reported  from  Fox  River  precinct  until  August,  1830. 

PETER     WILLIAJIS. 

In  1832,  before  the  eastern  slope  of  Iowa  was  opened  to  white  settlement,  Peter 
Williams  went  over  to  that  side  of  the  Mississippi  river  and  built  a  cabin  —  the  first — on 
the  site  of  Fort  Madison.  The  Indians  complained  against  the  innnvaiion,  and  some 
soldiers  were  sent  down  from  Fort  Armstrong,  Rock  Island,  who  demolished  Peter's 
cabin  and  set  him  across  tiie  River  in  Illinois.  In  June,  1833,  when  the  Indian  limit  of 
possession  expired,  he  returned  to  Fort  NLulison  and  re-occupied  his  claim.  He  did  not 
remain  there  long,  however,  until  he  pushed  on  to  the  Des  Moines  river,  where  he  died 
in  1835. 

SECOND     FINANCIAL    EXHIBIT. 

At  the  December  session  of  1826  the  Court  "  ordered  that  the  Sheriff  be  debited  and 
credited  with  the  following  amounts,  to  wit : 


HISTORY   OP   PEORIA   COUNTY.  313 

nEBIT. 

To  amount  returned  by  Assessor's  tax  hook _ $855-93 

in  State  paper,  equal  to 641.93 

"    Balance  in  the  treasury,  December,  1825 54- ^SM^ 

"     Overcharged  for  collecting  the  above 10. 25 

"    Order  on  State  Treasurer,  1825 .-  100.00 

"    Amount  of  tines  collected _ _ 16.50 

"           "         "  tavern    licenses 3-00 

"           "    from  sale  of  town  lots 21.00 

"  State  Treasurer,    1826... 168.75 

"  collected  from  list  of  bad  debts,  1825 6.82>^— $i,022.43X 

CREDIT. 

By  amount  of  delinquent  tax  list  for  which  the  Sheriff  is  allowed  until  the 

March  term  to  collect,  it  being  in  State  paper  $416.69 J^,  equal  to $312.52 

"    Amount  lost  by  collecting  at  Chicago  at  50  per  cent 27.65 

"    County  orders  amounting  to - 35^.65 

"    Per  centage  for  collecting  the  above  except  $64.40^    on  which  com- 
mission has  been  paid --  22. oS 

'•    Percentage  the  above  orders 1,^7 'A — $728.07^ 

$294.35^4' 
COUNTY   REVENUE. 

Lands  in  Peoria  were  opened  to  sale  in  18  —  and  became  taxable  in  18 — .  Before 
the  lands  were  subject  to  taxation,  revenue  for  county  purposes  was  raised  by  taxes 
assessed  against  personal  property,  and  rated  from  one-half  of  one  per  cent,  to  one  per 
cent,  on  the  value  of  the  property  or  article  taxed.  Ferries  were  licensed  by  the  County 
Commissioners,  and  paid  from  ten  to  twenty  dollars  a  year,  for  the  use  of  the  county. 
Taverns  were  licensed  in  the  same  way,  and  charged  at  about  the  same  rates.  Mer- 
chants, grocers  and  dealers  were  also  licensed  by  the  County  Court,  and  paid  from  five 
to  twenty  dollars  a  year  to  the  county  treasury.  These  were  the  only  sources  of 
revenue  and  required  careful  management  and  strict  economy  to  meet  the  current 
expenses. 

The  political  economj'  of  Peoria  county  as  commenced  and  practiced  by  the  County 
Commissioners  has  been  introduced  for  the  purpose  of  preserving  the  modus  operandi  of  per- 
fecting county  organizations.  The  old  journals  have  been  carefully  overhauled,  and 
voluminous  extracts  made  from  their  well-written  and  carefully  preserved  pages.  These 
extracts  will  pieserve  the  names  of  the  representative  men  and  public  officials  of  the 
years  which  they  cover,  to  generations  yet  to  come.  While  a  few  of  the  old  pioneers 
still  remain  among  the  useful,  honored  and  respected  citizens  of  the  county  and  earth, 
the  most  of  them  have  been  gathered  to  their  home.     "  Peace  to  their  memory.  " 

The  general  details  of  county  management  are  here  dismissed  to  write  of  other  in- 
cidents and  events  that  will  be  of  more  interest  to  the  majority  of  readers. 

The  statement  below  shows  the  condition  of  the  county  in  June,  1827,  when  at  a 
special  session  of  the  Court  it  was  ordered  that  the  sheriff  be  debited  and  credited  as 
follows  : 

J  DEBTOR. 

To  balance  in  the  treasury  at  the  last  settling  day, December  teiin,  1826,  $294  355^ 
"   delinquent  list  from  assessor's  tax  book - 312  52  $606  83 

CREDIT. 

By  county  orders  amounting  to $245  62 ^^ 

"  per  centage  for  collecting  the  above - --        18  41 

"  for  paying  the  foregoing. 491^ 

"  overcharge  on  the  tax  book  on  the  following  persons,  to-wit :    Joseph 

Smith,  Abner  Eads,  Martin  Meyers,  and  Casper  Reece 3   50 

"  error  in  percentage  on  collection  at  Chicago 4  14^ 

"  delinquent  tax  list  for  which  the  sheriff  is  allowed  until  the  June 

term  of  this  Court - 267  09 

"  balance  in  the  treasury 63  69I2       $607  38 

21 


314  HISTOHY   OF   PEORIA   C'Ol'NTV. 

mriFOEMiTY  OF  "tavern"  and  ferry  rates. 

At  this  session  of  the  Co'irt  it  was  also  ordered  that  each  and  every  taveru  keeper 
in  the  county  of  Peoria,  be  autliorized  to  charge  the  following  rates : 

Kor  each  onclialf  pint  of  wine,  mm  or  brandy 25     cents. 

pint  ■•         "  "       37M  •• 

one-half  pint  of  gin i8J^  '• 

pint  ••   31V  " 

gill     of    whiskey b}(  " 

one-half  pint  •' I2^  " 

"         pint  "       18JC  " 

breakfast,  dinner  or  supper 25  " 

"         night's  lodging I2)i  " 

For  keeping  horse  one  night  to  grain  and  hay . 25  " 

For  each  horse  fed . 13%  " 

For  keeping  horse  twenty-four  hours. 37 )i  " 

For  the  different  ferries  across  the  Illinois  river  the  following  rates  were  established  : 

For  each  fool  passenger 6)^  cents. 

"         man  and  horse 12,"^  " 

Dearborn  sulky  or  chaise  with  springs. 50  " 

"         one-horse  wagon . 25  " 

"         four-wheeled  carriage,  drawn  by  two  oxen  or  horses 37K  " 

"         cart  with  two  oxen 37H  " 

For  every  head  of  neat  cattle,  horses  or  mules 10  " 

For  each  hog,  sheep  or  goat 3  " 

For  every  hundred  weight  of  goods,  wares  or  merchandise 6^ 

For  each  bushel  of  grain,  or  other  article  sold  by  the  bushel 3 

And  all  other  articles  in  equal  and  just  proportion. 

When  the  river  was  over  its  banks,  and  the  landing  diflBcult,  certain  ferries  were 
allowed  to  charge  double  the  above  rates. 

DELINQUENT   TAXES. 

Delin(juunt  taxes  were  not  easily  collected,  for  tliere  were  tax-fighters  in  those  days 
as  well  as  in  the  present.  In  182d,  two  hundred  and  four  persons  in  the  Fever  River  set- 
tlement—  Jo  Daviess  county  —  were  returned  delinquent  in  the  payment  of  taxes 
a.ssessed  against  tliem.  Most,  if  not  all  of  tiieui,  were  miners.  .Samuel  Fulton  was 
sheriff  and  collector  of  Peoria  county,  and  Ji).><iaii  Fulton  was  his  deputy.  In  the 
disciiarge  of  liis  duty  the  sheriff  sent  iiis  deputy  uj)  among  liu-  miners  with  tax  warrants 
to  make  collections.  Josiah  says,  first  one  miner  would  take  a  warrant,  read  it,  or  get 
some  one  to  read  it  for  him,  and  then  hand  it  to  another  one,  till  it  liad  passed  from  one 
to  another  of  ail  who  happened  to  be  present,  and  then  remarked  :  "  You  come  up  here 
to  collect  tax  money,  did  you  ?  And  you  are  going  to  seize  property  if  we  don't  pay,  are 
you?  Well,  we  aren't  going  to  pay,  and  we  aren't  going  to  let  ytm  take  any  of  our 
property,  either.  Mind  that,  will  you?  And  the  best  tiling  you  can  do  is  to  get  out  of 
here  as  a  tax  collector  just  as  quick  as  you  can.  But  if  you  want  to  share  our  bed  and 
board  as  a  private  citizen  and  visitor,  3'ou  shall  liave  the  best  in  our  cabins,  liut  you  can't 
ha\e  a  cent  on  yi.ur  d — d  old  tax  warrants,  nor  you  shan't  toucli  a  bit  of  jiropert^'  to 
make  it."  And  Jo^iali  Fultun  came  iiunie  wilii  little  01  noliiing  to  show  for  his  trip  or  to 
add  to  tlie  wealth  of  tlie  county  treasury. 


CHICAGO. 

FIRST   FERRY    AND   TAVERN    LICENSE. 
In  lliose  days  C)iicago  was  a  dependency  of  Peoria,  and  for  permission  to  keep  the  first 


HISTORY   OF   PEORIA  COUNTY.  315 

tavern  and  maintain  the  first  ferry,  the  pioneer  settlers  at  Fort  Dearborn  were  indebted 
to  the  Commissioners  of  Peoria  count}-.     At  the  June  — 1829  —  term  of  the  Court, 

Ordered,  That  Archibald  Clybourn  and  Samuel  Miller  be  authorized  to  keep  a  ferry  across  the  Chicago  river,  at 
the  loner  forks,  near  Wolf's  Point,  crossing  the  river  below  the  Northeast  Branch,  and  to  land  on  either  side  of  both 
branches,  to  suit  the  convenience  of  persons  wishing  to  cross.  And  that  said  Clybourn  and  Miller  pay  a  tax  of  ten 
dollars  and  execute  a  bond  with  security  for  one  hundred  dollars.  The  rates  for  ferriage  to  be  one-half  the  sum  that 
John  L.  Bogardus  gets  at  his  ferry  at  I'eoria.     [See  Feny  Rates,  p.  304.] 

At  the  December  term,  same  year,  Archibald  Caldwell,  blacksmith  and  constable, 
was  licensed  to  keep  a  tavern  at  Chicago,  and  to  charge  the  same  rates  as  those  already 
quoted.  He  was  required  to  pay  a  tax  of  eight  dollars  for  the  privilege,  and  to  give 
bonds  in  the  sum  of  one  hundred  dollars  for  a  faithful  observance  of  the  laws  then  pre- 
vailing for  the  regulation  of  taverns. 

At  the  June  —  7th  —  term,  1830,  Rev.  William  See  was  authorized  to  keep  a  ferry 
across  the  "  Callimink,"  at  the  head  of  Lake  Michigan,  now  included  in  South  Chicago, 
for  which  he  was  required  to  pay  a  tax  of  ten  dollars.  He  was  permitted  to  charge  the 
following  rates : 

For  each  foot  passenger -.   —  I2|^  cents. 

"       "     man  and  horse - 25 

"       "     wagon  or  cart  drawn  by  two  horses  or  oxen 75         " 

*'       "     four  horse   wagon .- —  $1  00 

"       "     carriage  or  wagon - - 37  J^  cents. 

Mr.  See  was  a  Methodist  minister,  and  was  the  first  clergyman  of  any  denomination, 
as  shown  by  the  records,  to  perform  the  marriage  ceremony  in  Chicago.  He  subse- 
quently removed  to  Racine,  Wisconsin,  where  he  died. 

TURNPIKE   AND    ELECTION   ACCOUNTS. 

In  June,  1830,  the  Court  allowed  Archibald  Caldwell  five  dollars  and  fifty  cents  for 
ironing  a  turnpike  scraper ;  and  on  the  7th  of  December  they  allowed  Henley  Clybourn 
sixteen  dollars  "for  one  day's  services  as  clerk  of  election,  and  bringing  the  election 
returns  to  Peoria." 

MARRIAGE   RECORDS. 

The  following  marriages  were  solemnized  and  recorded  in  Peoria  county  while  the 
jurisdiction  thereof  extended  north  to  the  Wisconsin  State  line : 

By  John  Kinzie,  Justice  of  the  Peace.  Chicago  precinct,  January  2,  1S27,  Peter  St.  Clair  and  Margaretta  Peehe- 
quetarairi.     [The  writing  on  the  returns  is  not  very  legible,  and  it  maybe  the  correct  orthography  is  Perhequetaroui.] 

By  Rev.  Jesse  Walker,  a  regular  minister  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Chnrch,  May  3,  1828,  Velat  Vermit  to 
Cornelia  Walker.     Vermit  was  a  ferryman  at  Ottawa,  and  the  wedding  was  at  the  house  of  David  Walker. 

By  John  Beabien,  Justice  of  the  Peace,  Chicago  precinct,  November  5,  1828,  Joseph  Pothier  and  Victoria  Ma- 
rauda. 

By  Rev.  Isaac  Scarrett,  a  missionary  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church,  at  Holderman's  Grove- — near  Newark, 
Kendall  county — July  21,  1829,  WiUard  Scott  and  Caroline,  daughter  of  Pierce  Hawley.  By  the  same,  at  the  same 
time  and  place,  John  K.  Clarke  and  Permelia,  daughter  of  Stephen  J.  Scott. 

By  Rev.  William  See,  Chicago  precinct,  November  I,  1830,  Willis  Scott  and  Louisa  B.  Caldwell. 

JUSTICES   OF   THE    PEACE. 

John  Kinzie,  July  28,  182s. 

Billy  Caldwell,  whose  Indian  name  was  Sau-ga-nash,  April  18,  1826. 

Alexander  Wolcott,  Indian  Agent,  December  26,  1827. 

John  B.  Beaubien,  December  26,  1827. 

John  S.  C.  Hogan — afterwards  postmaster — October  g,  1830. 

Stephen  Forbes — first  sheriff  of  Cook  county — December  13,  1830. 

BILLY   CALDWELL. 

Billy  Caldwell,  named  above  as  a  justice  of  the  peace,  was  the  son  of  an  Irish  of&cer 
in  the  British  service  by  a  Pottawatomie  Indian  woman,  and  was  educated  by  the  Jesuits 


r,ifi  msToin  of  i'p:ohia  cointy 

at  Detroit.  Hon.  John  Wentworth  is  authority  for  the  statement  that  he  was  an  officer 
in  tlie  British  service  during  and  after  the  war  of  1812  :  and  that  lie  styled  himself  as 
Ciijjtiiin  of  the  Indian  Department,  in  1S16,  at  Fort  Maiden  [Anihurstlnirg].  He  mar- 
rieil  a  sister  of  the  Pottawatomie  chief.  Yellow  Head,  hy  wliom  he  had  one  child,  which 
died  yoifng.  At  the  time  of  his  death,  Esquire  Billy  Caldwell  was  Head  Chief  of  the 
combined  Pottawatomie,  Ottawa  and  Chippewa  Indians. 

8HABOXEE  —  AN    OLD    DOCtTMENT. 

Shabonee  (French  pronunciation  Chamblee)  was  well  known  to  many  of  the  early 
settlers  at  Peoria.  He  was  born  on  the  Ohio  river,  and  was  a  chief  of  the  Ottawa  tribe 
of  Indians.  In  the  war  of  181"2  he  joined  Tecumseh,  and  was  a  member  of  Caldwell's 
band  or  company  of  Indians  in  that  conflict.  A  short  time  before  his  death  Shabonee 
visited  and  remained  over  night  with  William  Hickling,  now  living  in  Chicago,  but  then 
and  for  many  3ears  a  resident  of  Ottawa.  At  that  visit  he  gave  Mr.  Hickling  the  original 
manuscript  of  the  following  paper,  which  is  evidence  that  Billy  Caldwell  was  neither  an 
ignorant  man  nor  a  mere  pretender  : 

■'  This  is  to  certify  that  the  bearer  of  this  name,  Chamblee,  w.is  a  faithful  companion  tome  during  the  late  war  with 
the  United  Slates.  The  bearer  joined  the  late  warrior,  Tecumthe  [Tecumseh],  of  the  Shawnee  nation,  in  the  year 
1807,  on  the  Wabash  river,  and  remained  with  the  above  warrior  from  the  commencement  of  the  hostilities  with  the 
United  States  until  our  defeat  at  Moravian  Town,  on  the  Thames,  October  5,  1S13.  I  also  have  been  witness  to  his 
intrepidity  and  courageous  warfare  on  many  occasions,  and  he  showed  a  great  deal  of  humanity  to  those  unfortunate 
sons  of  Mars  who  fell  into  his  hands.  B.  Caldwell,  Captain  1.  D. 

"  Amhurstburg,  August   I,  1816." 

"  This  document,"  continues  Mr.  Wentworth,  who  saw  it,  "  was  written  on  a  half 
sheet  of  old-fashioned  English  foolscap  paper,  plainly  water-marked  '  C.  &  S.,  1813.'  " 
Shabonee  assured  Mr.  Hickling  when  he  presented  the  paper  to  him  that  he  had  always 
worn  it  on  his  person.  This  certificate  of  character  was  undoubtedly  given  to  the  old 
chief  to  assist  him  with  the  British  government,  Init  as  he  afterwards  became  a  good  In- 
dian, and  highly  esteemed  by  the  early  settlers  of  that  part  of  Illinois  in  which  he  lived, 
it  was  of  little  benefit  to  him  in  the  way  intended. 


CHAPTER    X. 

THE   COUNTY   SEAT. 

Pre-empting  the  Land  —  Survey  of  the  Town  Site  —  Streets  and  .Mleys — Sale  of  Town  Lois  —  County  Court 
Orders  and  Whisky  Securing  the  Title —  The  Military  Tract  —  Fractional  Sections —  French  Claims — Title 
Secured.     1'krsonai.  ;   William  .S.  Hamilton — Barney  Norris. 

The  law  under  which  Peoria  county  was  organized  gave  the  County  Commissioner's 
Court  the  control  and  iiiuniigemcnt  of  the  tjuarter-section  of  land  on  which  it  was  pro- 
vided the  county  seal  slioiiid  be  located.  The  first  action  liy  tiie  court  in  regard  to  it 
was  taken  on  the  I'ith  of  Mtircli,  182'),  when  it  was  "ordered  that  Nathan  Dillon,  one  of 
the  commissioners,  be  authorized  to  make  application  to  the  register  of  the  land  office  at 
Springfield  for  the  right  to  pre-empt  the  said  (juarler-section,  for  the  purpose  of  estab- 
lishing the  County  Seat  of  Peoria  county,  according  to  the  act  of  Congress  of  18215. " 

The  pre-emption  was  secured,  and  on  the  7th  day  of  June,  1825,  the  commissionera 
being  in  session,  the  following  record  was  made  : 

OrJtrtd,  That  William  Holland  be  aulhorited  to  employ  some   suitable  person    to   survey  lots  on  the  northeast 
quarter  of  section  nine,  township  eight  north,  and  range  eight  east  of  the  fourth  principal  meridian,   said   lots  to  be 


HISTORY   OF   PEORIA   COUNTY.  317 

i 

one  hundred  feet  in  length,  including  eight  feet  to  be  deducted  from  each  lot  for  an  alley,  and  eighty  feet  wide.  The 
street  on  the  shore  of  the  lake  to  he  one  hundred  and  ten  feet  in  width,  and  all  the  other  streets  to  be  one  hundred  feet 
wide. 

At  the  September  session  the  subject  again  came  up,  and  in  answer  to  the  request  of 
William  Holland  and  others  that  a  town  may  be  laid  out  as  the  County  Seat  of  Peoria 
county,  having  an  eye  to  the  present  and  future  convenience  of  the  citizens,  the  court 
ordered : 

1.  That  the  streets  run  to  the  cardinal  points. 

2.  That  the  squares  shall  be  360  feet,  containing  ten  lots  each. 

3.  That  lots  shall  be  seventy-two  feet  in  front  and  iSo  feet  in  rear. 

4.  The  public  square  shall  contain  four  square  blocks. 

5.  Water  street  shall  be  no  feet  wide,  commencing  on  the  edgeor  break  of  the  bank  and  running  back  no 
feet. 

6.  Water  street  shall  run  parallel  with  the  bank  of  the  lake,  so  that  the  blocks  fronting  the  same  may  be  the 
same  distance  from  the  break  of  the  bank,  that  is,  no  feet. 

7.  All  the  streets,  except  Water  street,  shall  be  one  hundred  feet  wide,  and  extend  to  low  water  mark,  where  the 
fraction  on  which  the  town  is  situated,  will  admit. 

8.  From  the  edge  of  the  bank,  to  low  water  mark,  shall  be  considered  as  town  property,  and  be  disposed  of  as 
water  lots. 

9.  Fractional  lots  and  blocks  fronting  on  Water  street  are  considered  as  exceptions  to  the  above,  and  to  be  laid 
off  in  the  same  size  as  the  others,  where  the  angles  will  admit. 

10.  A  sufficient  space  shall  be  reserved  on  the  water  lots  for  a  market  place,  when  the  same  shall  be  deemed 
necessary. 

Under  date  of  December  8, 1825,  the  following  entry  appears : 

Whereas,  By  an  act  of  Congress  there  has  been  granted  to  each  county  the  preference  in  purchase  of  one- 
quarter-section  of  land,  in  case  the  seat  of  justice  for  the  same  should  be  located  on  public  land,  and  the  General 
Assembly  of  this  State,  in  pursuance  thereof,  at  their  last  session,  passed  an  act  establishing  the  county  of  Peoria,  and 
fixing  the  County  Seat  of  justice  therefor  on  public  land,  and  on  the  northeast  quarter  of  section  nine  ;  and. 

Whereas.  At  a  late  session  of  this  court  it  was  ordered  that  said  fraction  be  laid  off  as  a  town,  which  order  has 
been  carried  into  effect,  and  a  number  of  inhabitants  having  settled  and  made  improvements   on  said  fraction  ;  and. 

Whereas,  It  is  deemed  that  the  value  of  the  lots  thereof  will  be  enhanced,  and  the  interest  of  the  county  pro- 
moted by  the  encouragement  of  settlements  on  the  same  ;  therefore,  be  it 

Otdered,  That  all  such  lots  so  laid  off  on  the  said  fraction  as  are  now,  or  shall  have  been  built  on  previous  to  the 
public  sales  as  contemplated  by  this  court,  and  also  one  lot  for  every  house  built  on  said  fraction  previous  to  the  survey 
of  the  same  as  a  town,  and  which  in  said  survey,  have  fallen  in  the  streets,  to  be  selected  by  the  owners  of  said  house, 
to  be  reserved  from  sale  ;  and  it  is  further 

Ordered,  That  the  owner  or  owners  of  all  such  houses  or  buildings  shall  have  the  preference  in  the  purchase  of 
the  lots  so  reserved,  at  the  average  value  of  the  lots  sold  according  to  situation,  said  value  to  be  ascertained  by  this 
court,  by  reference  to  the  actual  sales  at  the  public  sales  as  above  ;  and  be  it  further 

Ordered,  That  no  preference  shall  be  allowed  as  above,  for  any  improvement  that  may  hereafter  be  made  on  any 
of  the  following  lots,  that  is  to  say  :  Beginning  at  the  northeast  end  of  Front  street,  on  lots  Xo.  i,  2  and  3,  5,  6  and 
7,  and  so  on  alternately  through  its  whole  length,  except  such  as  are  now  claimed  as  above,  in  which  case  the  lot  adjoin- 
ing shall  be  reserved  from  the  privilege  of  redemption  ;  and  on  all  the  other  streets  leading  north  and  south,  the  lots 
t  and  2,  4  and  5,  and  so  on  alternately  through  the  whole  length  of  each  street,  shall  be  reserved  from  the  privilege 
of  pre-emption  commencing  at  the  north  end  of  the  street  ;  provided,  that  it  is  hereby  expressly  understood  that  this 
court  does  not  bind  itself  to  guaranty  the  above  specified  preferences  of  purchase  in  any  case,  should  the  said  court 
not  acquire  for  the  use  of  the  county,  as  aforesaid,  the  legal  right  in  fee  simple  to  the  fraction  above  desciibed; 
and,  provided,  also,  that  the  above  right  of  preference  is  in  no  case  to  be  executed  to  any  but  actual  settlers  on  said 
lots. 

On  the  6th  of  March,  1826,  Mr.  Dixon,  the  Clerk  to  the  County  Commissioners' 
Court,  was  authorized  in  behalf  of  the  court  to  make  application,  officially,  to  the  Register 
and  Receiver  of  the  Land  Office  at  Springfield,  for  a  written  statement  of  the  obstacles  and 
objections,  (if  any  exist,)  which  prevented  the  entry  of  the  quarter  section  of  land  upon 
which  the  Legislature  designated  the  county  seat  should  lie  located,  as  it  was  anticipated 
that  some  objections  might  arise  on  account  of  the  exact  quantity  of  land  not  being 
known.  After  securing  this  information  from  the  land  office  and  the  objections,  if  there 
were  any,  Mr.  Dixon  was  directed  to  proceed  to  St.  Louis  and  apply  to  the  surveyor 
general  for  a  plat  of  the  survey  of  this  particular  quarter  section,  and  if  no  such  plat 
could  be  furnished  without  a  resurvey,  to  contract  with  the  surveyor  general  for  that 
purpose,  at  the  expense  of  the  county,  for  a  speedy  completion  of  such  resurvey.  and  to 
request  that  a  plat  be  made  immediatelj',  properly  authenticated  and  forwarded  to  the 


318  HISTOKY   OF   I'EUlUA   fUUNTY. 

register  ami  receiver.  If  there  were  no  objections,  Dixon  was  authorized  to  enter  the 
lands  on  behalf  of  the  county. 

There  seems  to  have  been  some  objections  or  obstacles  in  the  way  of  the  entry,  al- 
though no  report  of  such  ol)jections  or  obstacles  appear  of  record,  for,  at  the  July  session 
(1826)  the  treasurer  was  "  ordered  to  pay  John  Dixon  thirty-four  dollars  and  eighty-five 
cents  for  going  to  St.  Louis,  by  order  of  the  Court,  and  for  postage,  clerk  hire,"  etc. 

Whatever  difficulties  and  objections  may  have  at  first  existed  as  to  the  purchase  of 
this  quarter  section,  they  seem  to  have  been  fully  overcome,  for  at  a  special  term  of  the 
court,  on  the  2d  of  May,  1826,  it  was 

Ordered,  That  John  Dixon  be  and  he  is  hereby  authorized  to  borrow,  on  the  credit  of  the  county  of  Peoria,  one 
hundred  and  eighty-four  dollars,  sixty-two  and  one-half  cents,  by  him  to  be  paid  to  the  receiver  of  the  land  office  at 
Springfield,  in  payment  for  the  northeast  fractional  quarter  of  section  number  nine,  town  eight  north,  range  eight 
east  of  the  fourth  principal  meridian,  and  that  he  be  authorized  to  issue  orders  on  the  treasury  to  such  person  as  shall 
loan  the  said  county  the  above  money,  at  any  interest  not  exceeding  twenty-five  per  cent,  per  annum  until  paid. 

Arrangements  were  made  with  William  Holland,  one  of  the  Commissioners,  under 
which  that  gentleman  agreed  to  advance  the  money  necessary  to  pay  for  the  county  seat 
quarter,  but  if  it  was  paid  over  to  the  County  Clerk  it  was  never  used  for  that  purpose, 
as  before  the  obstacles  in  the  way  of  purchase  were  removed,  there  were  funds  enough 
in  the  treasury  to  pay  for  the  land  without  borrowing. 

At  the  same  time  a  rcsurvey  of  the  town  site  was  ordered,  it  was  also  ordered  that 
the  streets  should  run  parallel  with  the  river,  that  Front  (or  Water)  street  should  remain 
the  same  width  as  previously  established,  and  that  all  the  other  streets  should  be  one 
hundred  feet  in  width,  and  the  lots  and  blocks  as  before  quoted.  It  was  also  "ordered 
that  the  Clerk  advertise  a  sale  of  lots  on  the  tenth  day  of  July.  1826,  on  the  following 
terms:  Ten  per  cent,  of  the  purcliase  money  cash  in  hand,  and  tlie  balance  in  three 
equal  payments  at  six,  twelve  and  eighteen  months,  by  pureiiasers  giving  their  notes.  In 
case  of  failure  on  the  part  of  the  purchasers  to  meet  the  deferred  payments,  then  the  ten 
per  cent,  cash  payment  was  forfeited  to  the  county." 

July  8,  two  days  before  the  day  advertised  for  the  sale  of  town  lots,  the  Court  being 
in  session,  it  was  ordered  that  "  Josei)h  Smith  —  one  of  the  Commissioners—  be  author- 
ized to  employ  an  auctioneer  and  furnish  whisky  for  the  sale  of  lots  in  Peoria." 

Tlie  sale  came  off  as  advertised,  and  under  the  terms  and  conditions  of  ten  per  cent, 
cash,  etc.,  the  cash  receipts  were  one  hundred  and  thirty-nine  dollars  and  thirty-eight 
cents.  In  settling  up  the  expenses  incident  to  the  sale,  the  following  orders  appear  of 
record  : 

Ordered,     Th.ii  the  treasurer  p-iy  William  Clark  three  dollars  for  crying  the  sale  of  lots  in  the  town  of  Peoria. 
Ordered,     That  the  treasurer  pay  John  Hamlin  three  dollars  and  fifty  cents  for  whisky  and  paper  furnished  for 
the  sale  of  lots  in  I'eiiria. 

W.  S.  Hamilton  was  allowed  fifty-eight  dollars  and  seventy-five  cents  for  making  the 
survey.  A.  C.  Ballard  was  a  chain  carrier,  and  was  allowed  two  dollars.  Henry  Neely 
assisted  in  the  survey  and  was  allowed  four  dollars.  William  Clark  for  cash  and  services 
was  allowed  ten  dollars  and  fifty  cents. 

December  4, 1826,  an  order  was  entered  retaining  W.S.  Hamilton,  as  counsel  in  behalf 
of  the  County  Commissioners  for  obtaining  the  title  to  the  county  seat  quarter.  What 
is  known  as  the  Military  Tract,  within  which  Peoria  county  is  included,  was  appropriated 
by  Congress  for  the  benefit  of  the  soldiers  of  the  war  of  1812.  This  tract  comiiu'iiccd  at 
the  month  of  the  Illinois  river,  extended  north  one  huiiilred  and  sixty-two  miles  to  a  line 
running  east  from  the  Missi.ssippi  to  the  Illinois  river,  and  included  all  the  land  between 
that  line  and  the  two  rivers.  Its  area  was  8,640  square  miles,  or  r),;V2!(,600  acres.  The 
full  sections  were  granted  to  the  soldiers,  for  whose  benefit  the  land  was  intended,  while 
the  fractionsl  sections  along  the  Mississijipi  and  Illinois  were  subject  to  the  same  laws  as 
Other  public  lands.     The  law  under  wiiich  Peoria  was  organized  designated  a  part  of  one 


HISTORY   OF   PEOIUA  COUNTY.  319 

of  these  fractional  sections  as  a  site  for  the  county  seat.  The  commissioners,  as  ah-eady 
shown,  took  steps  to  secure  tlie  right  of  pre-emption  thereto,  with  a  view  to  an  early 
purchase  of  the  same  ;  and,  although  the}'  made  repeated  efforts  in  that  direction,  they 
failed  of  their  object  until  December,  1834. 

Under  an  act  of  Congress  approved  May  15,  1820,  entitled  "An  act  for  the  relief  of 
the  inhabitants  of  the  village  of  Peoria,  in  the  State  of  Illinois,"  and  a  subsequent  act 
approved  March  3,  1823,  entitled  "An  act  to  confirm  certain  claims  to  lots  in  the  village 
of  Peoria,  in  the  State  of  Illinois,"  certain  French  claims  came  to  pester  the  authorities 
and  hinder  the  purchase  of  the  land. 

Between  the  last  session  of  the  Court  in  1826,  which  was  held  in  the  month  of  De- 
cember, and  the  beginning  of  the  year  1830,  numerous  orders  were  enteied  of  record  in 
regard  to  securing  the  title,  and  different  agents  were  appointed  to  visit  the  Register  and 
Receiver  of  the  U.  S.  Land  Office,  to  urge  the  claim  of  the  Commissioners,  but  without 
avail.  In  the  early  Spring  of  1830,  the  Commissioners  had  some  encouragement,  and  on 
Wednesday,  the  3d  day  of  March,  of  that  year,  ihey  declared  that  "whereas  it  was  un- 
derstood there  was  a  probability  that  the  county  of  Peoria  would  shortly  obtain  the  title 
to  the  land  whereon  to  fix  their  county  seat ;  and  that  as  certain  persons  were  desirous 
of  making  improvements  at  said  county  seat,  etc.,  that  any  such  person  making  improve- 
ments to  the  amount  of  twenty-five  dollars  on  any  of  the  lots,  not  exceeding  two,  should 
be  entitled  to  the  refusal  of  them  at  such  price  as  might  be  fixed  upon  them  by  appraisers 
to  be  appointed  by  the  Court." 

At  the  same  session  Stephen  Stillman  was  appointed  a  "  special  agent  on  the  part  of 
the  county  of  Peoria  for  the  purpose  of  obtaining  for  the  use  of  the  county  the  right  of 
soil  to  the  north-east  fractional  quarter  of  section  number  nine,  town  eight  north,  range 
eight  east,  with  full  power  to  act  for  the  county,"  etc.  The  commissioners,  on  the  part 
of  the  county,  bound  themselves  to  accept  anj-  part  of  said  quarter  section,  be  it  more  or 
less,  that  might  remain  after  deducting  that  which  was  appropriated  by  a  law  of  Congress 
for  "  Peoria  Claims,"  in  lieu  of  a  full  quarter  allowed  by  Congress  to  each  new  county 
seat.  They  also  recommended  that  a  special  act  of  Congress  be  passed  granting  to  the 
county  of  Peoria  the  remaining  2)art  of  the  fractional  quarter  section  after  deducting  the 
"  Peoria  Claims,"  as  aforesaid. 

There  is  no  record  to  show  what  Stillman  accomplished,  but  from  the  fact  that  his 
appointment  as  agent  was  revoked  at  the  March  session,  1831,  it  is  fair  to  presume  his 
acts  were  not  satisfactory.  Abner  Eads  was  appointed  to  succeed  Stillman,  and  was 
authorized  to  make  a  tender  of  money  to  the  Register  and  Receiver  of  the  Land  Office 
at  Springfield  for  the  county  seat  quarter,  at  the  rate  of  one  dollar  and  twenty-five  cents 
an  acre,  and  to  obtain  a  certificate  of  entry  therefor.  He  was  also  directed  to  assure  the 
Register  and  Receiver  that  they  —  the  Commissioners  —  were  willing  to  accept  what 
was  left  of  the  quarter  section  after  the  "Peoria  Claims"  were  satisfied.  On 
April  6,  1832,  the  Court  ordered  a  sale  of  lots  to  take  place,  on  the  10th  day  of 
May  following,  and  during  the  sitting  of  the  Spring  term  of  the  Circuit  Court  The 
sale  was  ordered  to  be  advertised  in  the  Vandalia  Whig,  Illinois  Intelligencer,  Sangamon 
Journal  and  Missouri  Republican.  Terms  of  sale  :  One-fourth  cash  in  hand  and  the 
balance  in  three  equal  payments.  At  the  same  time  a  value  was  fixed  upon  certain  lots 
which  were  numl>ered  and  registered. 

July  3,  1832,  John  Coyle  and  Aquila  Wren  were  authorized  to  draw  two  hundred 
dollars  from  the  County  treasury  to  pay  for  the  land,  and  twenty-five  dollars  for  ex- 
penses, and  proceed  to  Springfield  and  make  tender  of  payment.  Their  mission,  if  they 
went,  was  fruitless  of  results,  for  on  the  .5th  of  October  following,  John  Coyle,  one  of 
the  Commissioners,  was  authorized  to  take  two  hundred  dollars  from  the  Coimt}'  treasury 
and  proceed  to  Springfield  and  pay  for  the  county-seat  quarter,  if  the  necessary  papers 
had  been  furnished  from  the  Surveyor  General's  office  at  St.  Louis  ;  if  not,  then  to  pro- 


S20  HISTORY   OF  PEORIA   COUN-n*. 

ceed  there  and  procure  the  papers  necessarj-  to  enable  the  matter  to  he  settled.  But  even 
yet  the  question  remained  to  vex  the  Court  and  retard  liuilding  improvements.  Diffi- 
culties remained  in  the  way  until  removed  by  a  special  act  of  Cpnprcss  approved  March 
2,  1833.     At  a  special  session  of  the  Court,  July  13,  1833,  it  was 

OtdeTtd,  That  ander  the  provisions  of  an  act  of  Congress  passed  on  the  3d  day  of  March  last,  entitled  "  An  act 
to  authorize  the  County  Commissioners  of  the  County  of  Peoria,  State  of  Illinois,  to  enter  a  fractional  quarter  sec- 
tion  of  land  for  a  seat  of  justice  and  for  other  purposes,"  we.  the  under.-igned.  County  Commissioners  of  the  county 
aforesaid,  do  hereby  authorize  John  Coyle  to  'jnter  the  northeast  fr.ictional  quarter  of  section  nine,  in  town  cighf 
north  of  the  base  line,  in  range  eight  east  of  the  fourth  principal  meridian,  for  the  puq>oses  aforesaid  under  the  pro- 
visions of  the  above  recited  act  of  Congress,  and  insiruci  liim  to  make  payment  therefor,  and  at  the  same  time  to  de- 
posit with  the  land  officers  at  Springfield,  Illinois,  a  copy  of  this  order  to  be  transmitted  to  the  General  Land  office. 
And  we  do  hereby,  in  behalf  of  said  county,  in  the  name  of  ourselves  and  successors  in  office,  state  and  declare 
that,  in  making  tlie  said  entry  under  the  provisions  of  the  said  act  of  Congress,  we  do  exclude  from  said  entry  any 
lands  or  lots  lawfully  belonging  to  any  person  or  persons  whatever. 

Signed  A.  WREN.  ) 

lOHN  COYLE,  \  Commissioners. 
E.  S.  JONES,       ) 
Isaac  Waters,  Clerk. 

This  was  the  last  commission  appointed  to  visit  the  land  office,  and  on  the  16th  day 
of  December,  1834,  a  patent  issued  to  the  County  Commissioners  for  one  hundred  and 
forty-seven  acres  and  fifteen  hundredths  of  an  acre  of  land  whereon  the  Legislature  had 
declared  the  county-seat  should  be  located. 

PERSONAL. 

The  original  town  site  was  surveyed  by  William  S.  Hamilton,  a  son  of  Alexander 
Hamilton,  who  was  killed  in  a  duel  with  Aaron  Burr  in  1804.  He  was  afterwards  en- 
gaged as  one  of  the  government  survej'ors.  probably  as  a  contractor,  in  the  Rock  river 
country,  and  in  1832  had  a  smelting  furnace  in  the  edge  of  Wisconsin,  a  few  miles  north- 
east from  Galena.  In  the  Black  Hawk  war  a  fort  was  erected  at  his  "diggings"  and 
called  Fort  Hamilton,  which  was  under  command  of  Captain  George  W.  Harrison. 
Captain  Harrison,  after  trying  in  vain  to  get  a  cannon  at  Galena,  had  some  leaden  pieces 
cast  at  Hamilton's  furnace  to  resemble  cannon,  and  mounted  them  at  the  fort  as  a  terror 
to  the  Indians,  who  always  had  a  dread  of  "  big  guns."  At  the  beginning  of  the  war 
Colonel  Hamilton  mustered  two  hundred  and  thirty  Indians,  mostly  Sioux,  with  some 
Menominees  and  Winnebagoes,  and  reported  at  Galena  with  tlieni  on  the  8th  of  June, 
1832.  There  was  Ijad  blood  between  the  Sioux  and  Menominees  and  the  Sacs  and 
Foxes.  The  Sioux  especially  were  eager  for  the  affray  and  anxious  for  Sac  and  Fox 
scalps.  Colonel  Hamilton  was  a  brave  and  fearless  man  as  well  as  officer,  and  did 
valuable  service  during  the  Black  Hawk  war. 

Note. — Alexander  Hamilton  was  born  at  Nevis,  West  Indies,  in  1757.  While  a  student  at  Columbia  College, 
at  the  .ige  of  seventeen  years,  he  publi>hed  several  essays  concerning  the  rights  of  the  colonies  which  were  marked 
by  vigor  and  maturity  of  style,  as  well  as  by  soundness  of  argument.  He  entered  the  American  army  before  he  was 
nineteen,  with  the  rank  of  captain  of  artillery,  and  by  the  time  he  was  twenty,  the  commander-in-chief  made  him  his 
aid-de-camp,  with  the  rank  of  lieutenant  colonel,  was  his  almost  inseparable  companion,  ami  was  consultetl  by 
General  Washington  on  all  imp  .rtant  army  matters,  .\ftcr  the  war  he  studied  law.  In  17S2  he  was  elected  a  mem- 
ber of  Congress  from  New  York,  and  soon  acquired  great  influence  in  that  body.  He  contributed  largely  to  the 
favorable  reception  of  the  constitution  by  the  ess.iys  he  wrote  in  conjunction  with  Madison,  and  which  were  pub 
li.shed  in  the  /•'fi/etatiil.  On  the  organization  of  the  Federal  government  in  1789,  he  was  appointed  secretary  of  the 
treasury,  and  in  the  five  yearn  he  held  that  position,  he  raised  the  public  credit  from  the  lowest  depression  to  a  height 
altogether  unprecedented  in  the  history  of  the  country.  In  l7gS.  when  the  French  invasion  was  threatened,  and  a 
provisional  called  into  the  field  his  public  services,  he  again  responded,  and  on  the  death  of  Washington,  December 
14.  1 7<j9.  he  succeeded  to  the  chief  coinm  ind.  When  the  army  was  disbanded  he  returned  to  the  practice  of  law. 
In  the  Summer  of  1804.  a  quarrel  arose  between  him  and  Aaron  Hurr,  which  resulted  in  a  duel  at  Hobxken,  on  the 
nth  of  July.  Hamilton  fell  mortally  wounded  at  the  fir;<t  fire.  His  eldest  sun  was  killed  in  a  duel  on  the  same 
ground  some  years  previous. — Zei.I.. 

It  is  saiil  of  Colonel  Hamilton  tjinl  some  years  after  the  duel  between  bis  fatiier  and 
Burr,  he  followed  the  latter  to  St.  Louis  and  challenged  him  to  mortal  combat,  but  that 


HISTORY   OF  PEORIA   COUNTY.  321 

Burr  declined  to  accept  the  challenge,  because,  as  he  expressed  it,  of  the  difference  in 
their  ages. 

When  the  California  gold  excitement  began  to  agitate  the  country.  Colonel  Hamilton 
left  the  Galena  section  and  went  to  that  country,  where  he  died.  Some  years  after  his 
death  and  burial,  the  question  as  to  the  location  of  his  grave  was  raised,  but  could  not  be 
settled  by  the  people  there.  At  last  it  was  learned  that  Barney  Norris,  a  mulatto  man, 
who  had  been  in  Hamilton's  employ  in  California,  and  who  was  with  him  in  his  last  sick- 
ness, and  present  at  his  burial,  had  returned  to  the  States  and  was  living  at  Galena.  He 
was  appealed  to,  and  in  a  letter  to  the  interested  parties,  he  so  accurately  described 
the  last  resting  place  of  Colonel  Hamilton  there  was  no  difficulty  in  finding  his  grave. 

LAST  OP  THE   COUNTy   COMMISSIONERS. 

Under  influences  previously  recited, the  constitutional  provisions  of  1 848  and  subsequent 
law  of  1849  were  enacted,  enalaling  the  people  of  the  several  counties  of  the  State  to  vote 
"  for  "  or  "  against  "  township  organization.  This  question  was  submitted  to  the  voters 
of  the  State  at  the  election  on  the  first  Tuesday  after  the  first  Monday  in  November,  1849, 
and  was  adopted  by  most  of  the  counties  north  of  the  Illinois  river. 

Under  the  provisions  of  an  act  of  the  legislature  opposed  February  12,1849,  a  County 
Court  was  created.  Section  one  of  this  law  provided  "  that  there  should  be  established 
in  each  of  the  counties  of  this  State,  now  created  and  organized,  or  which  may  hereafter 
be  created  or  organized,  a  court  of  record,  to  be  styled  the  '  County  Court, '  to  be  held  and 
consist  of  one  judge,  to  be  styled  the  '  County  Judge.' "  Section  seventeen  of  the  same 
act  [see  pp.  307-10,  Statutes  of  1848]  provided  for  the  election  of  two  additional  justices 
of  the  peace,  whose  jurisdiction  should  be  co-extensive  with  the  counties,  etc.,  and  who 
should  sit  with  the  county  judge  as  members  of  the  court,  for  the  transaction  of  all  county 
business,  and  none  other. 

The  last  session  of  the  County  Commissioner's  Court  was  a  special  session,  and  com- 
menced on  Tuesday  the  20th  and  closed  on  Friday  the  23rd  day  of  November,  1849. 
William  Mitchell,  who  had  served  as  Clerk  of  the  Court  for  several  years  died,  on  the 
13th  of  November  and  at  a  previous  session  Ralph  Hamlin  was  appointed  to  the  vacancy. 
The  following  is  the  last  order  of  the  old  style  County  Commissioner's  Court. 

Ordered,  That  the  Treasurer  pay  the  following  persons  the  amounts  set  opposite  their  respective  names  : 

Thomas  Mooney,  five  days  attendance $12.50 

James   L   Riggs,       "       "  " 12.50 

Joseph   Ladd,  "       "  "         12,50 

Ralph  Hamlin,         "       "  "  as  Clerk 12.50 

William  Compher  "      "  "  as  Sheriff. 5.00 

Thomas  Turbott,  for  brick 72.00 

Thomas  Mooney,"! 
James  L.  Riggs,      > Commissioners. 
Ralph  Hamlin,  Joseph  Ladd,  J 

Clerk,  Pro  tern. 

COUNTY   COURT. 

At  the  November  election,  1849,  Thomas  Bryant  was  elected  County  Judge.  The 
first  term  of  this  Court — Joseph  Ladd  and  John  McFarland,  Associate  Judges — was  held 
on  Monday,  the  3d  day  of  December,  1840,  and  from  that  time  until  a  Board  of  Supervisors 
was  elected  and  fully  organized  in  the  Spring  of  1850,  had  full  management  of  the  busi- 
ness affairs  of  the  county.  On  the  6th  of  December,  the  Clerk  certified  to  the  Court  an 
abstract  of  the  votes  cast  "for"  and  "against"  township  organization,  which  was  as 
follows : 

For  township  organization 2,147 

Against   township  organization 19 

2,166 

Majority  in  favor  of  township  organization 2,128 


322  HISTOKV   OF   I'KOKIA   COLNTY. 

Tlie  Court  then  appointed  David  Sanborn,  George  Holmes,  and  Mark  Aikin,  com- 
missioners to  divide  thi'  county  into  townsliips.  There  seems  to  he  no  report  of  their 
action  on  record,  and  hence  it  is  assumed  that  the  commissioners  did  not  report  in  favor 
of  any  change  from  the  lines  established  by  the  government  survevors. 

The  last  term  of  the  County  Court,  wliile  managing  the  county  affairs,  was  held  on 
the  4th  of  June,  IS.'jO,  when  the  Supervisoi-s  succeeded  fully  to  the  public  duties  they 
are  now  discharging. 

FIRST   MEETING   OF   THE   BOARD   OF   8UTERVISORS. 

The  first  election  of  Supervisors  in  the  several  townships  occurred  at  the  regular 
April  election,  1850,  and  the  first  meeting  of  the  Board  was  held  on  the  8th  of  the  same 
month.     At  that  meeting  the  following  twelve  townsliips  were  represented  as  follows: 

TOWNSHIPS,  SUPERVISORS. 

Akron Benjamin  Slane. 

Limestone I saac  B rown. 

Princeville L.  B.  Cornwell. 

Jubilee William  W.  Church. 

Millbrook Clark  W.  Stanton. 

Trivoli David   R.  Gregory. 

Charles  Kelette,  Clerk.     Samuel  Dimon  was  elected  Chairman  of  the  Board. 

At  a  meeting  of  the  Board  on  the  9th  of  June,  1850,  a  communication  was  read  \»y 
the  Clerk  from  the  Auditor  of  State  advising  the  Board  that  there  was  a  township  known 
as  Orange,  in  another  part  of  the  State,  of  older  date,  and  directing  that  another  name 
be  selected  for  the  Peoria  county  township  so  designated.  Kickapoo,  after  the  Kiekapoo 
Indians,   was    substituted,  by   wiiicli  name  it  has  ever  since  been  known. 

Benton  was  changed  to  Fremont  at  the  same  time  and  for  the  same  rea.son,  and  on 
the  20th  of  June,  in  response  to  a  letter  from  the  Auditor  of  State,  advising  the  Board 
that  there  was  already  a  Fremont  township,  the  name  was  changed  to  Radnor,  in  honor 
of  one  of  the  first  settlers  in  that  part  of  the  county.  Since  then  there  have  been  no 
changes  of  note  in  any  of  the  townships. 


TOWNSHIPS.  SLPERVISORS. 

Hollis Stephen  C.  Wheeler. 

RosetieM John  Combs. 

Orange Samuel  Dimon. 

Richwood Josiah  Fulton. 

Chillicothe .Charles  S.  Strother. 

Benton Jonathan  Brassfield. 


C^HAPTEI^    XL 

OLD  TIME  BRIDGES.      MODERN  STRUCTURES. 

First  Bridge  Across  the  Kickapoo  —  Award  of  the  Contract — Trouble  with  the  Contractor — Completion  of 
the  Structure  —  First  Hridge  Across  the  Mississippi —  Iron  Wagon  and  Railway  Bridges  —  Triumphs  o(  Kngineer- 
ing  Skill. 

With  the  increase  of  immigration  and  spread  of  settliMuents,  there  came  a  demand 
and  necessity  for  wagon  bridges  across  the  Kiekapoo  and  otlier  ereeks  that  were  ofter.  so 
swollen  by  melting  snows  and  heavy  rains  as  to  be  impassable.  Floods  were  of  more  fre- 
quent occurrence  before  the  wild  sod  was  broken,  and  the  earth  loosened  by  the  plow  of 
the  husbandman  than  since.  This  is  exi)laiiied  on  the  hy|iothesis  tiiat  the  sod  presented 
greater  resistance  to  absorptii)n  than  cultivated  ground,  and,  consequently,  a  greater 
quantity  of  the  rain-fall  found  its  way  into  the  beds  of  tlm  creeks. 

In  the  early  part  of  1827,  a  site  was  selected  for  a  bridge  across  the  Kiekapoo,  and 
at  a  sjieeial  session  of  the  Commissioners'  Court.  March  10,  1827,  an  order  was  issued  to 
erect  a  public  luidgo  acro.ss  Kickapoo  creek,  a  short  distance  above  the  present  fording 
on  the  public  road  from  I'eoria  to  Lew  istown. 


HISTORY   OF   PEORIA   COUNTY.  323 

The  Court  was  in  session  on  the  7th  of  April,  but  there  is  nothing  to  be  found  on 
record  to  show  to  whom,  or  at  what  price,  the  contract  was  let.  The  following  order, 
however,  under  date  of  March  4,  1828,  indicates  that  the  contract  was  let  to  John  L. 
Bogardus : 

Ordered,  That  a  suit  be  commenced  in  the  Circuit  Court  against  John  L.  Bogardus,  as  principal,  and  John  Dixon 
and  Augustus  Langworthy,  as  sureties,  on  a  bond  for  five  hundred  dollars,  conditioned  for  building  a  bridge  across 
Kickapoo  creek  in  Peoria  county,  conformable  to  an  order  of  the  County  Commissioners'  Court,  and  that  the  clerk 
forward  the  necessary  documents  to  the  Attorney-General,  with  a  request  that  he  commence  suit  immediately  on 
behalf  of  the  county. 

At  a  special  session  of  the  Court,  June  13,  1829,  the  clerk  was  directed  to  advertise 
another  letting  of  the  bridge,  July  11,  1829.  This  is  the  last  order  respecting  the  bridge 
until  a  special  session  of  the  Court,  Julj'  28, 1830,  when  it  was  "Ordered,  That  the  bridge 
across  Kickapoo  creek,  engaged  to  be  built  by  John  Cameron,  be  accepted  as  finished 
according  to  contract,"  and  he  was  allowed  fifty  dollars  as  balance  of  contract  price.  No 
entry  of  "the  price  for  which  the  bridge  was  "  engaged  to  be  built,"  is  to  be  found  upon 
the  old  journal. 

GUAKDING   AGAINST   ACCIDENTS. 

The  preservation  of  bridges  and  precautions  against  accidents  were  carefully  guarded 
by  the  early  public  authorities.  At  a  March  term  — 1836  — of  the  County  Court,  it  was 
"  Ordered,  That  no  person  be  allowed  to  go  on  or  cross  over  any  frame  bridge  in  the 
county  of  Peoria  with  more  than  four  yoke  of  oxen  and  the  load  drawn  by  them,  or  six 
horses  and  their  load,  under  penalty  of  paying  whatever  damages  might  occur."  A  copy 
of  this  order  was  attached  to  the  appointment  or  "commission  "  of  each  road  supervisor, 
and  they  were  expected  to  see  that  it  was  respected  and  obeyed. 

MODERN   BRIDGES. 

That  old  bridge,  the  first  wagon  bridge  to  span  the  Kickapoo,  was  also  the  first  one 
built  in  any  part  of  the  county  at  the  expense  of  the  county.  In  those  days,  and  for  a 
good  many  years  later,  it  was  thought  impossible  to  build  a  wagon  bridge  without  heavy 
timbers  morticed  together  with  two-inch  tenons  and  fastened  in  place  with  inch  or  inch 
and-a-half  plus,  and  otherwise  strongly  supported  and  braced.  Time  and  art-science, 
however,  have  demonstrated  that  stronger  bridges  can  be  built  with  much  smaller  tim- 
bers, and  without  mortices  and  tenons.  In  1830  the  idea  of  bridging  such  water  courses 
as  the  Illinois,  Mississippi  and  Missouri  livers,  was  not  conceived.  The  first  settlers  of 
the  country  west  of  those  great  water  courses  crossed  them  in  Indian  canoes  as  Abner 
crossed  the  Illinois  river  at  the  old  trading  house,  Wesley  City,  in  the  early  Summer  of 
1819.  After  canoe-ferries  came  ferry  boats  that  were  worked  by  hand  with  sweeps  or 
great  big  oars.  Starting  in  on  either  side  of  the  larger  streams  these  boats  hugged  up  the 
shore  as  closely  as  possible  for  some  distance,  then  pulled  out  diagonally  across  the  river 
in  the  direction  of  the  opposite  shore.  When  the  center  of  the  current  was  reached,  the 
prow  of  the  boat  was  headed  obliquely  down  the  stream  towards  the  landing  point. 
After  that  kind  of  ferry  came  horse  ferries  and  then  steam  ferries.  Until  St.  Paul,  Min- 
nesota, Imilt  a  great  wagon  bridge  across  the  Mississippi  at  that  place,  the  first  bridge  of 
any  kind  to  span  the  "  Fatlier  of  Waters,"  the  great  majority  of  people  thought,  if  they 
thought  at  all,  that  ferries  would  be  used  for  all  time  to  come,  in  crossing  that  mighty 
river.  Profiting  by  the  successful  accomplishment  of  the  St.  Paul  undertaking,  active 
mechanical  and  engineering  minds  set  to  work,  and  as  a  result,  the  Mississippi  and  Mis- 
souri rivers  are  bridged  in  a  dozen  places  with  iron  railway  bridges,  many  of  them  with 
wagon-ways  combined.  The  smaller  rivers  were  less  difficult  to  overcome,  aud  now 
these  great  watercourses  ofi'er  but  little  obstacle  to  travel  or  commerce  between  the  cities 
of  the  Atlantic  and  those  of  the  golden-sloped  Pacific.  Engineering  .skill  has  annihilated 
distance  and  time,  so  that  passengers  and  freight  are  transferred  from  ocean  to  ocean  in 


324  HISTORY  OF  PEORIA  COUNTY. 

a  brief  period  without  sacrificing  the  comfort  of  the  former  or  changing  cars  or  breaking 
bulk  of  the  latter. 

The  old  first  bridge  at  the  Lewistown  road  crossing  of  the  serpentine  Kickapoo,  was 
several  times  replaced  with  wooden  structures.  Other  bridges  were  built  at  other  cros- 
sings, but  nearly  all  of  them  have  given  place  to  iron  bridges  that  rest  on  solid  stone 
piers  and  abutments.  These  structures  bid  defiance  to  winds  and  floods  and  ice-gorges, 
and  will  last  for  generations  to  come. 

The  first  of  these  iron  bridges  in  Peoria  count)'  was  built  in  1871,  at  a  cost  of  flO,- 
400.  At  the  August  session,  1873,  of  the  Committee  on  Roads  and  Bridges  of  the  Board 
of  Supervisors  contracted  with  the  King  Iron  Bridge  Co.,  of  Cleveland,  Ohio,  for  a 
bridge  on  the  Farmington  road  at  Kickapoo  creek,  of  120  foot  span  at  !Si2o.30  per  lineal 
foot.  And  with  the  Canton,  Ohio,  Compau)'  for  125  foot  span  over  Spoon  river  at 
f26.50  per  lineal  foot,  the  total  cost  being  II8.86I.  Besides  these  bridges,  there  is  one 
large  iron  bridge  over  the  Kickapoo  creek  at  the  plank  road  crossing ;  and  one  at  the 
middle  road  crossing  spanning  the  same  creek  ;  and  over  Spoon  river  at  Elmore,  besides 
numerous  smaller  structures  in  the  county,  in  which  iron  has  taken  the  place  of  wood  in 
almost  every  instance. 


CHAPTER   XII. 

COUNTY  BUILDINGS. 

The  early  Court  House  —  The  County  Jail  —  New  Court  House  —  Laying  the  Corner  Stone  —  House  Warming  — 
County  Infirmary  —  Poor  Farm  — Circuit  Court  —  Judges —  The  Criminal  Calendar —  Official  Record. 

When  Peoria  county  was  organized  in  the  Spring  of  182").  there  were  but  few  houses 
at  Fort  Clark.  All  of  them  were  small  structures,  built  of  logs,  and,  with  one  or  two 
exceptions,  were  occupied  as  private  residences.  There  was  not  a  building  in  the  county 
seat  of  the  new  county  that  could  be  secured  for  the  exclusive  use  of  any  of  the  county 
officers,  and  as  a  consequence  they  \yere  forced  to  keep  their  offices  at  their  residences, 
as  already  shown  in  the  case  of  County  Clerk  Waters.  This  was  the  most  important 
office  at  that  time.  The  sheriff  and  treasurer  hud  but  little  need  for  an  office,  and  while 
the  sheriff  could  carry  the  papers  Ijelonging  to  his  office  in  his  hat,  the  treasurer  could 
carry  those  belonging  to  his  department  in  his  pockets.  The  requirements  of  the  other 
officers  were  equally  limited,  and  when  business  was  wanted  with  any  of  them,  if  they 
could  not  accommodate  the  demand  on  the  street,  or  wherever  they  were  at  work — count)' 
officers  had  to  work  in  those  daj's — they  adjourned  to  their  cabins. 

The  first  term  of  the  Circuit  Court  was  held  in  a  small  log  cabin  that  stood  at  or 
near  the  place  occupied  by  the  Fort  Clark  mill.  Subsequent  terms  of  the  court  were 
held  under  similar  conditions.  In  March,  1829,  John  Hamlin,  for  the  sum  of  seventy- 
five  dollars,  assigned  to  the  County  Commissioners,  for  the  use  of  the  county,  all  his 
right,  title  and  interest  in  a  log  house  that  stootl  between  Water  Street  and  the  river,  a 
little  l)elow  where  the  Toledo,  Peoria  and  Warsaw  Railroad  bridge  spans  the  river,  and 
known  as  the  Crozier  house,  which  was  used  for  several  years  for  the  purposes  of  county 
offices,  courts,  etc.  This  building  had  been  erected  and  occupied  as  a  store  house  by 
Simon  Crozier,  and  was  the  one  in  the  upper  story  of  which  the  Circuit  Court  was  held 
wlien  the  cabin  court  room  became  too  small  to  accommodate  tlie  attendance. 

In  Jtiiie,  1H:1;',.  the  Cotinty  Court  being  in  session,  it  wius  "ordered  that  the  (^lerk 
adveilise  in  tiie  Sangamon  •lnurnal  that  sealed  propo.siils  wiiuld  be  received  at  the  Clerk's 
office  in  tlie  town  of  I'eoria,  iinlil  the  i'tb  day  of  July  next,  for  furnishing  150,000  brick 


HISTORY   OF   PEORIA   COUNTY.  325 

on  the  public  square  in  said  town  of  Peoria,  at  which  time  and  place  contracts  will  be 
entered  into  for  the  said  brick  :  also,  that  at  the  same  time  contracts  would  be  given  for 
furnishing  the  stone  and  lumber  that  might  be  wanted  to  construct  a  court  house." 

A  special  session  of  tlie  Court  was  held  on  July  9,  at  which  the  proposals  thus  in- 
vited were  examined.  Samuel  Hackelton  was  awarded  the  contract  for  furnishing  the 
brick,  at  five  dollars  per  thousand,  and  required  to  enter  into  bonds,  "  with  good  and 
sufficient  security,"  for  a  faithful  performance  of  his  part  of  the  contract.  The  contract 
for  furnishing  the  lumber  was  awarded  to  Moffatt  and  Hamlin. 

In  September,  183-3,  a  contract  was  awarded  to  Daniel  Fash,  senior,  for  furnishing 
the  material  for  the  foundation  walls,  but  at  a  special  session  of  the  court  in  January, 
1834,  this  contract  was  cancelled  by  request  of  J.  N.  Chrisman.  the  surviving  obligor. 
At  the  same  session  —  September,  1833  —  John  Hamlin  was  employed  as  agent  to  furnish 
rock  for  the  court-house  foundations,  and  the  hewn  timber  necessary,  on  as  good  terms 
as  he  could  secure.  The  clerk  was  also  directed  to  advertise  in  the  Sangamon  Journal, 
Beardstown  Chronicle  and  St.  Louis  Republican,  that  sealed  proposals  would  be  received 
at  the  clerk's  office  in  Peoria,  until  the  third  day  of  the  next  term  of  the  Commissioners' 
Court,  for  doing  the  mason  work  in  laying  the  foundation  walls,  and  also  the  brick  work, 
the  county  furnishing  all  the  materials.  Proposals  were  also  invited  for  the  carpenter 
work,  exclusive  of  the  doors  and  windows ;  plans  and  specifications  to  be  seen  at  the 
clerk's  office.  Aquila  Wren,  John  Coyle  and  E.  S.  Jones  were  the  Commissioners  at 
this  time,  and  under  their  administration  measures  for  building  the  court-house  had 
been  inaugurated. 

At  the  March  term  (1834)  of  the  court,  the  contract  for  the  mason  work  was  awarded 
to  Charles  W.  McClelan,  and  the  carpenter  work  to  George  B.  Macy. 

At  a  special  session  in  April,  Francis  Voris  was  appointed  agent  to  superintend  the 
building,  and  served  until  July  10,  next  following,  when  he  was  succeeded  by  Isaac 
Waters.  At  the  same  time  Waters  was  appointed  building  superintendent,  he  was  given 
a  contract  to  furnish  the  stone,  rough  and  dressed,  for  the  foundation  walls  of  the 
court-house,  to  be  delivered,  ready  for  use,  whenever  and  wherever  the  masons  should 
direct. 

In  October,  1834,  John  Hamlin  was  appointed  agent  for  the  county  to  superintend 
the  building  of  the  court-house,  and  furnish  material  on  the  best  terms  to  be  secured. 
From  this  order  it  appears  that  Mr.  Waters  had  failed  to  meet  the  obligations  of  his  con- 
tract to  furnish  stone,  as  previously  noted,  and  as  building  superintendent.  He  was  County 
Clerk  at  the  time,  and  by  reason  of  the  infirmities  of  age,  etc.,  the  County  Commis- 
sioners found  it  expedient  to  remove  him  from  office.  William  Mitchell  was  appointed 
to  the  succession. 

McClelan  failed  to  complete  the  foundation  walls  as  per  agreement,  and  in  October, 
1834,  the  County  Commissioners  resolved  to  take  the  work  under  their  own  management. 
This  resolution,  on  the  part  of  the  Commissioners,  provoked  a  controversy  between  the 
court  and  Mr.  McClelan,  which  became  a  subject  of  arbitration.  Five  citizens —  Francis 
Voris,  George  B.  Macy,  William  Compher,  Jacob  N.  Chrisman  and  A.  S.  Buxton,  were 
chosen  arbitrators,  it  being  agreed  that  their  decision  should  be  accepted  and  considered 
a  rule  of  court.  While  there  is  no  record  of  that  decision  on  the  journal,  it  is  fair  to  pre- 
sume the  differences  between  the  Commissioners  and  Mr.  McClelan  were  settled  to  the 
satisfaction  of  both  parties,  as  McClelan's  name  subsequently  appears  as  one  of  the  me- 
chanics engaged  on  the  court-house  work. 

April  28,  1834,  special  session.  Joshua  Bowman  was  awarded  the  contract  for  fur- 
nishing tlie  base  stones  for  the  columns  in  front  of  the  old  temple  of  justice.  These  stones 
were  four  feet  square  and  ten  inches  in  thickness.  They  were  delivered,  ready  to  be  put 
in  place,  for  thirty-five  dollars. 


S26  HISTORY   OF   PEf)RIA   fOUN'TV. 

Oil  the  next  day,  April  29,  some  additions  and  alterations  having  been  decided,  the 
followinj^  aijreement  was  entered  on  record : 

Ordered,  And  it  is  liereby  agreed  that  Hamlin  and  Macy  forthwith  proceed  with  the 
work  on  the  court-house,  agreeable  to  contract,  and  that  all  extra  work,  additions,  altera- 
tions and  damages  wliich  have  arisen,  or  maj-  arise,  in  consequence  of  delay  by  the  mason 
work  not  being  completed  in  such  manner  as  to  allow  them  to  proceed  agreeable  to  con- 
tract, shall  be  allowed  for  hereafter,  and  the  amount  thereof  shall  be  computed  b}'  two  or 
more  disinterested  raeclianics ;  provided,  that  the  original  contract  shall  be  in  no  wise 
invalidated  by  the  passage  of  this  order.  Reuben  B.  Hamlin. 

George  B.  Macy. 

Under  this  agreement  the  work  was  pushed  rapidly  forward,  and  at  the  June  term, 
183"),  instructions  were  given  to  invite  proposals  for  painting,  etc.  In  July  Joshua  Bow- 
man was  awarded  the  contract  for  furnishing  the  dressed  stone  for  the  steps  to  the  front 
of  the  court-house  at  sixty-two  and-a-half  cents  per  foot,  and  at  the  December  term  of 
the  court  he  was  awarded  a  contract  for  four  plain  round  columns  at  ten  dollars  per  foot, 
running  measure. 

At  this  —  December  —  session  Henry  Gilbert,  on  the  part  of  the  county  and  W.  A. 
Blair,  on  the  part  of  Reuben  B.  Hamlin,  were  chosen  to  arbitrate  the  cost  of  the  addi- 
tions, alterations,  damages,  etc.,  as  provided  in  the  order  or  agreement  of  April  29,  the 
arbitration  resulting  as  follows : 

To  additional  size  of  building ..$300  00 

"    one  extra  window II   50 

"    extra  work  done  on  windows 75  00 

"    ballustradcs  around  bell  deck 50  00 

"    damages  for  failure  on  part  of  contract 570  00 

"    hindrance  forjuniber  this  Summer 50  00 

"    glue.  20  and  31 J^  cents 625 

"    extra  work  on  capitals 1 50  00 

"   cash  paid  for  labor I   50 

"  "  "     drayage 50 

Total #1,214  75 

Which  amount  was  ordered  to  be  passed  to  the  credit  of  Hamlin. 

The  coint-house  was  fully  completed  in  the  Winter  of  188.T-6.  The  lower  story  was 
originally  divided  into  six  rooms  or  offices,  three  of  which  were  assigned  to  county 
officers,  and  the  other  three  leased  to  lawyers.  Some  years  after  its  completion,  not  being 
fire-proof,  the  safety  of  the  county  records  began  to  interest  the  people.  Some  of  them 
favored  pulling  down  the  building  and  erecting  a  finer  and  better  one.  one  that  would  be 
fire-proof.  Tlie  pro])()sition  was  thoroughly  discussed.  The  heaviest  tax-payers  in  the 
county,  as  a  rule,  were  o]iposed  to  the  measure,  while  those  wlio  paid  no  taxes  were  in 
favor  of  a  new  liuilding.  The  citizens  of  Peoria,  tax-payers  and  iion-tax-payers  combined 
in  favor  of  a  building  that  would  cost  one  liundred  thousand  dollars,  but  they  were  over- 
powered by  the  farmer  interests,  and  a  compromise  was  made  which  resulted  in  the  erec- 
tion of  fire-proof  wings  for  the  protection  of  the  records,  whidi  were  usimI  as  clerk's 
offices  until  tlie  entire  structure  was  sold  to  David  Burns  for  f2;')0,  and  torn  down  and 
removed,  in  May,  IHTti,  to  make  room  for  the  present  magnificent  temj)le  of  justice.  The 
wings  cost  about  •'j'rj.OOO. 

The  old  court-house  was  several  times  remodeled  to  suit  the  notions  of  those  who 
were  entrusted  with  tlie  management  of  the  county  offices.  Bench,  bar,  jury-box.  seats, 
etc.,  were  all  several  times  changed  from  the  original  ])lan  ;  the  stairs  were  removed  from 
the  insi<le  to  the  outside  of  the  building,  and  in  fact  when  the  old  imildin','  was  torn 
down,  except  the  walls,  columns,  etc.,  there  was  but  little  of  tlie  original  structure  left. 

COUNTY  .lAIl,. 

For  nine  years  after  the  county  was  organized  there  was  no  jail.     In  some  cases, 


HISTORY  OF  PEORIA  COUNTY.  32T 

where  offenses  were  not  bailable,  or  where  bail  could  not  be  secured,  prisoners  were 
guarded  by  persons  employed  for  that  purpose,  and  in  other  cases  they  were  taken  to 
jails  in  other  counties  for  safe  keeping.  No-ma-que,  the  Indian  murderer  of  a  French- 
man, and  the  first  criminal  in  the  county,  was  kept  under  guard  a  part  of  the  time,  and 
a  part  of  the  time  he  was  imprisoned  at  Edwardsville.  In  consequence  of  the  absence 
of  a  jail  and  the  cost  of  guarding  prisoners  or  keeping  them  in  jails  so  far  away  as  Ed- 
wardsville, many  evil-doers  escaped  arrest  and  punishment  that  otherwise  would  have 
been  made  to  "languish  in  durance  vile." 

The  first  county  jail  was  built  m  1834.  It  was  built  of  square  logs  and  stood  on  the 
alley  between  Main,  and  Hamilton,  and  Monroe  and  Perry  streets.  It  was  sixteen  feet 
square  and  fourteen  feet  high.  It  is  thus  described  by  Mr.  Charles  Ballance  :  "  The 
lower  story  was  constructed  of  three  thicknesses  of  logs  —  two  lying  horizontally  and 
one  between  them  standing  perpendicularly,  so  that  should  an  attempt  be  made  to  bore 
the  logs  out,  the  perpendicular  ones  would  come  down  and  stop  the  hole.  The  upper 
story  was  of  only  one  thickness  of  logs.  The  corners  were  dove-tailed  to  give  strength 
to  the  structure.  The  floor  of  the  lower  part  was  made  of  square  timbers  fitted  closely 
together,  and  covered  with  heavy  oak  plank,  well  spiked.  Above  the  strong  room 
there  was  a  strong  floor,  with  a  trap  door.  There  was  no  door  in  the  lower  story  or 
prison  part.  The  upper  story  was  reached  by  a  pair  of  outside  stairs.  Prisoners  were 
taken  up  these  stairs,  and,  with  the  help  of  a  laddei-,  passed  down  through  the  trapdoor 
to  the  lower  room.  After  their  descent,  the  ladder  was  drawn  up,  and  the  trap  door 
closed  and  bolted."     The  cost  of  this  structure  was  one  thousand  dollars. 

As  small  and  inconvenient  as  this  jail  may  have  been,  it  was  made  to  answer  the 
purpose  until  1849,  when  another  one,  part  stone  and  part  brick,  was  built  at  the  inter- 
section of  Washington  and  North  Fayette  streets.  That  building  cost  $11,000,  and  con- 
tinued to  be  used  as  a  jail  until  the  present  structure  was  completed  in  1869.  Its  great 
distance  from  the  court  house  rendered  it  inconvenient.  This  inconvenience  was  ac- 
knowledged when  the  location  was  first  selected,  but  there  were  difficulties  in  the  way 
of  avoiding  it.  The  greatest  of  these  difficulties  was  in  the  fact  that  the  county  had 
sold  all  the  lots  around  the  court-house  square,  and  they  were  all  occupied,  or  if  not  oc- 
cupied, were  held  at  such  prices  that  it  was  considered  bad  economy  to  buy  them  back 
at  from  ten  to  twenty  times  as  much  as  they  had  been  sold  for.  But  at  last  it  was  found 
to  be  a  matter  of  economy  to  repurchase  ground  enough  near  the  court-house  for  a  jail, 
and  in  1867  the  Board  of  Supervisors  bought  the  lots  on  which  the  present  jail  is  erected 
for  $6,000,  and  which  the  County  Commissioners  had  sold  for  seventy-five  dollars.  The 
new  jail  was  completed  and  turned  over  to  the  Sheriff,  under  order  of  the  County  Board 
of  Supervisors,  Feb'y  24,  1869,  at  a  cost  of  $75,000,  and  is  one  of  the  finest  buildings  of 
its  kind  in  the  West. 

THE    NEW    COUET-HOUSE. 

The  first  court-house  worthy  the  name  in  Peoria  county,  was  commenced  in  1835 
and  completed  and  occupied  in  September,  1835.  In  the  day  of  its  completion  it  was 
recognized  as  a  handsome  structure  and  a  credit  to  the  enterprise  and  liberalit}'  of  the 
people  by  whom  it  was  built.  But  as  time  passed  on  and  the  elements  of  nature  beat 
against  its  walls,  its  beauty  faded  and  it  began  to  look  dingy  and  dilapidated.  A  few 
years  previous  to  the  beginning  of  the  rebellion,  steps  were  taken  toward  erecting  a  new 
building  in  the  rear  of  the  old  structure,  fronting  on  Jefferson  street.  Work  was  begun, 
and  one  wing  —  that  used  for  the  office  of  the  circuit  clerk  previous  to  the  commence- 
ment of  the  present  magnificent  building  —  completed.  Then  the  war  came  on,  and  the 
court-house  fever  was  lost  in  the  new  excitement.  The  proposition  to  build  a  new  court- 
house was  abandoned,  and  the  efforts  of  the  people  were  turned  to  saving  the  country. 
From  that  time  until  1874  the  project  to  build  a  new  temple  of  justice  remained  in 
abeyance. 


328  HISTORY   OF   PEORIA    COUNTi'. 

Ou  Thursday,  December  10,  1874,  the  County  Board  being  in  session,  Supervisor 
Anderson,  from  the  Committee  on  Public  Buildings,  offered  the  following: 

Gentlemen  : — The  undersigned  would  respectfully  report  that  from  careful  observation  he  has  been  able  to 
note  the  following  facts : 

The  present  court-house  is  getting  old  and  dilapidated,  unsightly  and  uncomfortable,  unwholesome  and  un. 
savory,  leaky  in  the  roof,  floors,  and  windows  and  doors  that  are  neither  ornamental  nor  hardly  useful ;  that  its  founda- 
tions are  showing  decay  ;  and  finally,  that  the  present  court-house  of  I'eoria  county  is  entirely  inadequate  in  accom- 
modations for  the  busines'i  of  the  county,  and  in  looks  and  appearance  a  disgrace  to  the  county  and  city  of  I'eoria. 
In  view  of  these  facts,  the  undersigned  would  respectfully  offer  the  following  resolutions  : 

Resolved,  i.  That  the  county  of  Peoria  needs  a  new  court-house,  and  that  in  order  to  build  the  same  it  is 
necessary  to  issue  county  bonds. 

2.  That  the  question  of  issuing  county  bonds  to  the  amount  of  two  hundred  and  fifty  thousand  dollars,' to  run  not 
exceeding  ten  years,  and  to  draw  not  exceeding  eight  per  cent,  interest,  be  submitted  to  the  legal  voters  of  Peoria 
county  at  the  next  April  election 

3.  That  the  county  clerk  be  instructed  to  give  the  proper  notice  that  the  question  will  be  submitted  to  be  voted 
upon  at  that  election,  and  that  he  also  cause  to  be  printed  on  the  ballots  to  be  used  at  that  election  the  words  "  For 
County  Bonds,"  and  "  Against  County  Bonds,"  as  provided  by  law. 

H.  G.  Anderson, 
Chairman  of  Committee  on  Public  Buildings. 
Mr.  Uennet  moved  the  adoption  of  the  resolution. 

Mr.  Rowcliff  moved  to  amend  the  resolution  so  far  as  to  submit  the  question  to  a  vote  of  the  people  at  the  next 
November  election,  instead  of  at  the  .■Xpril  election. 

Mr.  Anderson  accepted  the  amendment,  and  the  yeas  and  nays  were  called  on  the  adoption  of  the  resolution  as 
amended.     Those  voting  in  the  affirmative  were  : 

Messrs.  .\nderson,  Burdett,  Bennet,  Collier,  Giles,  Gorman,  Merger,  Hart,  Homes,  Humphrey,  Kingman, 
Kneer,  Keiger,  Rowcliff,  and  Waugh  —  16. 

Those  voting  in  the  negative  were : 

Messrs.  Armstrong,  Baty,  Hurley,  Clinch,  Hakes,  Nesselhouse,  Parks  and  Yates  —  9. 

The  vote  on  issuing  bonds  was  taken  on  the  2d  day  of  November,  1875,  and  result- 
ed :     For  the  bonds,  4,213  ;  against  the  bonds,  2,697. 

Plans  were  invited,  and  after  a  pretty  severe  struggle,  the  plans  and  specifications 
offered  by  Messrs.  Wilcox  and  Miller,  architects,  of  Chicago,  were  adopted  on  the  31st 
day  of  March,  1876. 

Style,  Venetian  Italian,  plan,  cruciform,  with  grand  colonnade  entrances  or  pi>rticos, 
forty-two  feet  wide,  at  the  Adam.s  and  Jefferson  street  fronts.  At  the  Main  and  Hamil- 
ton street  fronts,  two-story  colonnades  and  arcades.  Size,  one  hundred  and  seventy -seven 
feet  front  on  Adams  and  Jefferson  streets,  b)-  ninety  feet  on  Main  and  Hamilton  streets. 
Height  to  cornices,  ninety  feet,  and  to  the  top  of  the  lantern  supji^rting  tlie  dome,  one 
hundred  and  sixty  feet  from  the  base  line. 

Proposals  for  the  erection  of  the  court-house  were  invited,  and  ten  bids,  accom- 
panied with  samples  of  stone  were  offered.  The  bids  were  opened  on  the  3d  day  of  May, 
1876.  The  samples  of  stone  offered  were  Kickapoo,  Amherst,  Aux  Sable  and  Buena 
Vista.  After  several  Ijallotings  on  Thursday,  tlie  4th,  the  Ainlierst  sand  stone,  from 
Clough's  quarry,  near  Cleveland,  Oliio,  was  approved,  the  last  ballot  restilting  as  follows: 
For  Amherst  stone,  lifteen  votes;  Aux  Sable,  seven  voles:   Kickapoo,  fotir  votes. 

The  bid  of  Pliilip  II.  Decker,  of  Cook  county,  was  considered  the  best,  and  the  con- 
tract was  awarded  to  iiim,  at  the  sum  of  $206,071.31,  and  a  committee  of  tliree,  consist- 
ing of  Messrs.  Anderson,  McClean  and  Collier,  with  tiie  arcliitect,  was  chosen  to  j)repare 
a  contract  witli  Mr.  Decker.  The  contract  was  dated  May  12,  1876,  and  bears  the  sig- 
natures (jf  I'liilip  H.  Decker,  tlie  contractor  and  hiiiltli'r,  and  John  A.  McCoy,  Chairman 
of  the  Board  of  Supervisors,  at  tliat  time,  and  Jolin  D.  McCliire,  Ctmnty  (Herk. 

The  old  court-house  was  sold  to  David  Burns,  ft)r  the  sum  of  iis2.")0.00,  to  be  removed 
within  ten  days."  On  Saturday,  the  13tii  day  of  May,  tlie  members  of  the  Peoria  Bar, 
many  of  whom   had  grown  old  in  the  practice  of  their  profession  beneath  its  shadows, 

•  In  tearing  down  the  old  liuiUling,  George  K.  I'arish,  who  was  associated  with  Mr.  Hums,  in  attempting  to 
jump  from  the  lop  of  the  building  to  the  wooden  ceiling  of  the  portico  of  the  front  entrance,  fell  through,  and  re- 
ceived injuries,  from  which  he  died  in  a  few  hours. 


PEORIA  COUNTY  COURT  HOUSE 


HISTORY  OF  PEORIA   COUNTY.  329 

assembled  in  the  court-room  of  the  condemned  structure  for  a  formal  leave-taking  before 
the  work  of  demolition  was  commenced.  Jonathan  K.  Cooper  presided.  Speeches  were 
made  by  Judge  Gale,  E.  G.  Johnson,  E.  P.  Sloan,  D.  McCuUoch,  Judge  Louck,  John 
Holmes  and  others.  The  speeches  were  full  of  reminiscenses  incident  to  the  courts, 
court-houses,  lawyers  and  judges  in  early  times.  Some  of  them  were  historical,  some 
humorous,  but  all  appropriate  to  the  occasion. 

THE    CORNER-STONE. 

The  corner-stone  of  the  new  temple  was  laid  on  Saturday,  the  30th  day  of  Septem- 
ber, 1876.  The  ceremonies  attending  were  simple  and  quiet.  Brief  speeches  were  made 
by  Hon.  J.  K.  Cooper  and  Judge  Cochran.  After  the  speeches,  Thomas  Crotty,  Esq., 
presented  the  following  contributions  to  the  crypt: 

List  of  county  officers,  members  of  the  Board  of  Supervisors  and  special  court-house  building  committee  for 
1876;  Names  of  architect,  contractor  and  builder,  and  superintendent  of  court-house  building;  Photographs  of  R. 
G.  IngersoU  and  the  old  court-house,  by  H.  H.  Cole;  Copies  of  the  Chicago  Tribttm,  the  Ti?ncs,  and  Inter-Ocean, 
Campbell  county  (Kentucky)  Leader,  and  the  weekly  Peoria  papers  ;  Packet  from  Crotty  Brothers  ;  Packet  miscel- 
laneous business  and  visiting  cards  ;  Published  reports  of  the  county  treasurer  for  the  year  ending  September  I,  1876  ; 
Annual  report  of  the  Workingmen's  Loan  and  Homestead  Association  of  Peoria  ;  Abstract  of  valuation  of  real 
and  personal  property  in  the  county  of  Peoria,  for  the  years  1875  and  1876  ;  Photograph  bust  of  Abraham  Lincoln, 
by  J.  N.  Ward  ;  List  of  practicing  attorneys,  furnished  by  Crotty  Brothers  ;  Illustrated  weeklies  from  1834  to  1876, 
furnished  by  Crotty  Brothers;  Thirty-five  dollars  in  Confederate  scrip,  by  Louis  Furst;  Copy  of  the  Brimfield  Ga- 
zette; Laus  of  Illinois,  1873-4;  Twenty-five  cents  postal  scrip,  original  issue,  by  Charles  H.  Suit;  Fifth  annual  re- 
port of  the  trade  and  commerce  of  Peoria;  Notes  of  Texas;  An  act  on  roads  and  bridges  in  Illinois  in  1875;  One 
volume  of  the  proceedings  of  the  State  Board  of  Equalization,  1875  ;  One  volume  of  the  report  of  the  Slate  Board  of 
Charities,  1875  ,  Fire  insurance  register  and  index,  1875  ;  Fire  insurance  calendar,  by  R.  Bliss  &  Co.  ;  Packet  from 
George  L.  Bestor;  Photograph  of  C.  C.  Miller,  architect,  from  Wilcox  &  Miller;  City  directories,  1S58-1871  ;  Life 
of  C.  Bestor  ;  A  Mexican  silver  dollar,  by  Samuel  Crouse. 

By  Mark  M.  Akin,  the  following : 

Centennial  Idyl,  Franks  &  Sons  ;  Frank  Incense,  do  ;  Historical  Centennial  Poem,  by  R.  W.  Burt ;  Centennial 
New  Year's  Address,  by  the  Tratiscript  carriers  ;  Graduating  exercises  of  Peoria  High  School,  class  of  1875  ;  Cen- 
tennial Guide  Over  the  Erie  Railway  ;  The  type-writer  ;  Twentieth  annual  report  of  Peoria  Board  of  School  In- 
spectors ;  Future  of  Peoria,  by  Rev.  A.  A.  Stevens  ;  Specimen  of  fine  wood-engraving,  by  F.  S.  Hallock,  Peoria  ; 
Transcript  Almanac,  1875^;  Centennial  oration  and  speeches  of  R.  G.  IngersoU,  1876;  Premium  list  of  Central 
Illinois  Fair,  1876. 
t 

These  chronicles  were  placed  in  a  tin  box  which  was  hermetically  sealed.  The 
large  triangular  block  of  Amherst  sandstone,  finished  smooth  on  the  Adams  street  side, 
with  the  year  — 1876  —  deeply  engraved  in  handsome  figures,  was  raised  by  the  powerful 
arm  of  the  derrick,  and  held  in  readiness.  The  box  containing  the  oiierings  above  enu- 
,  merated,  was  deposited  in  the  cavity  cut  in  the  solid  limestone  water  tablet.  Spencer's 
Band  struck  up  an  appropriate  air,  the  chief  corner  stone  was  swung  slowly  around  and 
lowered  to  its  place,  and  the  ceremonies  were  concluded. 

HOUSE   WARMING. 

The  contract  specified  that  the  building  should  be  completed  on  or  before  the  1st 
day  May,  1878.  It  was  not  completed,  however,  until  the  beginning  of  November  of 
that  year.  The  event  was  celebrated  by  a  grand  banquet  and  house-warming  on  the  18th 
of  that  month,  when  all  the  people  of  the  county  were  invited  to  come  and  inspect  the 
new  court-house.  The  exercises,  as  laid  down  in  the  programme,  were  opened  with 
prayer  by  Rev.  J.  D.  Wilson,  of  Christ  church.  Speeches  were  made  by  Messrs.  James, 
Crotty.  Cockle,  Fuller,  McCoy,  Tipton,  Cremer,  and  Judges  McCulloch,  Cochran,  Puter- 
baugh,  and  others.  About  two  hundred  and  fifty  persons  sat  down  to  the  banquet,  pre- 
pared by  Mr.  Deane.  All  day  long  there  was  a  throng  of  visitors  to  the  new  building, 
and  all  seemed  proud  of  the  local  dwelling  place  of  the  Goddess  of  Justice  in  Peoria 
county. 

The   contract    price    of    this    imposing   law   temple,   as   already   mentioned,    was 


330  HISTORY  OF   PEOniA   COrXTT 

f206,071.31.  Modifications  from  the  original  plan  were  made  in  some  particulars.  In 
such  cajjes,  a  corresponding  deduction  was  made  in  the  contract  price.  In  some  other 
cases  changes  were  made  that  involved  additional  expense  to  the  contractor,  and  a  cor- 
responding addition  to  the  contract  price  followed.  When  the  final  reckoning  came,  and 
the  sum  total  was  footed  up,  the  cost  was  found  to  be  *J48,%8.70.  It  is  virtually  a  fire- 
proof building.  The  girders,  beams,  inside  columns,  door  and  window  shutters,  etc.,  are 
of  best  New  Jersey  iron.  The  entire  structure  is  warmed  l)y  steam.  The  steam  is  gen- 
erated at  a  boiler  house  in  the  rear  of  the  jail  across  Hamilton  street,  and  conducted 
through  an  underground  passage.  The  tunnel  through  which  the  main  pipe  is  laid  is 
large  enough  for  a  foot-piissage  way,  and  besides  serving  this  purpose,  affords  means  for 
safe  transfer  of  prisoners  between  the  jail  and  court-house. 

The  clock  in  the  tower  was  manufactured  by  the  Seth  Thomas  Clock  Company,  of 
New  York,  and  is  of  the  Hotchkiss  pattern.  The  bell,  weighing  four  thousand  pounds, 
is  from  the  Meneeley  and  Kimberley  bell  works,  at  Troy,  New  York.  The  clock  and 
bell  were  furnished  by  the  American  Clock  Company  of  the  city  of  New  York,  and  cost 
$2,49.^. 

The  stone  coping  around  the  square  was  erected  by  Messrs.  Triebel  and  Son,  of 
Peoria.  The  junior  partner  of  this  firm  also  designed  the  plan  for  the  grade,  walks,  etc., 
of  the  square,  all  of  which  reflect  credit  upon  Peoria  genius,  enterprise  and  workman- 
ship. 

COtTKTY    INFIRMARY. 

An  examination  of  the  records  of  the  county  clerk's  oflfice  reveals  the  fact,  and  a 
most  commendai)le  one,  that  from  a  very  early  period  in  the  countj-'s  history,  generous 
and  humane  provisions  were  made  for  the  care  of  the  poor,  the  sick,  and  the  disabled,  to 
whom  fortune  had  denied  her  favors.  In  the  earlier  days  their  care  and  maintenance 
was  secured  under  contract,  with  suitable  persons. 

As  an  instance  of  the  manner  in  which  contracts  were  made  for  the  maintenance  of 
the  unfortunate,  the  following  order  of  the  County  Commissioners  under  date  of  March 
8,  184o,  is  presented  : 

OrJereJ,  Thai  John  Keller  be  allowed  to  take  charge  of  the  |>au|>ers  now  upon  the  county,  and  that  he  be 
allowed  two  dollars  per  week  for  Benedict,  one  dollar  and  lifty  cents  for  Isaac  Dewey,  one  dollar  and  hfty  cents  each 
for  Nichols  and  his  wife,  and  one  dollar  per  week  for  each  of  the  children. 

Physicians  to  the  poor  and  indigent  were  apj)ointed  by  the  County  Commissioners, 
and  their  Itills,  when  presented,  were  audited  and  ordered  to  be  paid  as  were  any  other 
bills  against  the  county. 

This  system  of  management  continued  in  force  until  the  beginning  of  the  year  1848. 
On  the  11th  day  of  December,  1847,  the  County  Commissioners,  Thomaj*  P.  Smith, 
Thomas  Mooney  and  James  L.  Riggs,  contracted  with  William  Mitchell  for  the  south 
half  of  the  norliieast  quarter  of  section  ten  in  Limestone  townsiiip  (^uighty  acres)  for  the 
purpose  of  a  poor  farm,  the  contract  price  being  one  tiiousaiid  dollars,  to  be  paid  when 
the  deed  was  delivered.     The  deed  bears  date  June  !•,  1.^4!^. 

On  the  loth  day  of  January,  184S.  the  county  clerk  was  directed  to  adverti.se  for 
bids  for  taking  charge  of  the  farm  and  the  poor  who  ihighl  be  sent  there  ;  the  proposals 
to  be  opened  on  the  first  day  of  the  next  mouth.  When  that  day  came,  one  of  the  County 
Commissioners,  Mr.  Riggs,  was  sick  and  unable  to  be  i)rosent,  and  at  his  request  the  pro- 
posals were  not  opened  till  the  next  day.  The  bid  of  Hiram  I'atridge  was  considered  to 
be  the  lowest  and  best,  and  he  was  elected  to  the  miinagement  of  the  poor  bouse  and  poor 
farm  for  one  year.  The  buildings  on  the  farm  at  the  time  of  purchase  were  made  to  an- 
swer for  the  time  being,  and  thus  commenced  a  system  of  nnmagement  that  has  resulted 
in  the  jiresent  large,  comfortable  and  convenient  county  alms  house. 

Mr.  Patridge  was  again  chosen   to  the  superinteiidency  of  the  poor  farm  at  the  be- 


HISTORY   OF   PEORIA   COUNTY.  331 

ginning  of  1849,  and  for  the  services  of  himself,  wife  and  three  hoys,  and  one  yoke  of 
oxen  and  one  horse,  he  was  allowed  at  the  rate  of  three  hundred  and  sixty-five  dollars 
per  year.  The  same  management  was  continued  under  Thomas  Bryant,  as  County 
Judge,  and  for  some  years  after  the  management  of  county  affairs  passed  under  the  con- 
trol of  a  County  Board  of  Supervisors. 

At  the  first  session  of  the  Board  of  Supervisors,  on  the  8th  of  April,  1850,  L.  B. 
Cornwell,  Stephen  C.  Wheeler  and  Isaac  Brown  were  appointed  a  committee  to  visit  and 
examine  the  poor  house  and  poor  farm,  and  to  report  thereon.  This  committee  reported 
June  19th,  of  that  year.  At  the  same  session  fift)^  dollars  were  appropriated  by  the 
Board  for  cellar  repairs  and  one  hundred  and  fifty  dollars  for  repairs  to  the  house — mak- 
ing a  total  of  two  hundred  dollars,  which  was,  the  first  appropriation  for  improvements 
on  the  county  infirmary.  On  the  13th  of  September,  in  the  same  year  the  Board  ordered 
the  erection  and  enclosure  of  an  addition  to  the  building  then  used,  for  which  purpose 
an  appropriation  of  four  hundred  dollars  was  made.  At  the  March  meeting,  1S51,  Mr. 
Patridge  was  chosen  to  continue  in  the  management  of  the  farm,  and  Dr.  John  H. 
Murph}'  was  elected  by  the  board  to  be  county  physician.  In  the  Summer  of  1851,  the 
Board  of  Supervisors  purchased  what  was  known  as  the  Herron  farm,  adjoining  the  poor 
farm,  and  as  an  addition  thereto,  for  which  they  agreed  to  pay  #9,000.  This  tract 
consisted  of  one  hundred  and  sixty  acres,  and  increased  the  poor  farm  to  two  hundi'ed 
and  forty  acres.  The  deed  fi'om  Herron  and  wife  to  the  county  bears  date  September 
14,  1851. 

In  April,  1867,  the  Board  ordered  the  Herron  tract  to  be  sold,  stipulating,  however, 
that  it  should  not  be  sold  at  a  less  price  than  the  original  cost.  Henry  Harker  became 
the  purchaser,  and  the  sale,  as  made  b}'  a  committee  appointed  for  that  purpose,  was  rati- 
fied in  full  board  on  the  10th  of  September,  1867. 

In  April,  1868,  a  committee  was  appointed  from  the  Board  of  Supervisors  to  select 
a  new  site,  to  consist  of  forty  acres.  Several  sites  were  offered  and  examined,  but  the 
committee  finally  reported  in  favor  of  a  re-purchase  of  the  Herron  tract  at  a  slight  ad- 
vance over  the  price  for  which  it  had  been  sold.  They  assigned  as  a  reason  that  it  ac- 
joined  the  original  poor  farm  purchase,  eligibility  of  situation,  purity  of  water,  healthful- 
ness  of  location,  and  that  with  the  two  places  united,  there  was  ample  room  to  raise 
enough  farm  and  stock  products  to  support  the  inmates  of  the  alms-house,  with  some- 
thing for  sale  besides.  The  report  of  the  Committee  was  accepted  and  adopted,  the 
County  Board  voted  to  re-purchase  the  Herron-Harker  place,  and  appointed  Messrs. 
Anderson,  Matson,  Jenkins,  Wilder  and  Pinkerton  a  committee  to  advertise  for  and  receive 
bids  for  the  erection  of  an  alms-house  according  to  plans  previously  adopted.  On  the 
22d  of  February,  18ii9,  this  committee  reported  that  they  had  received  several  proposi- 
tions for  the  erection  of  an  alms-house,  and  that  the  bid  of  G.  L.  Ryers,  for  $59,000, 
made  on  the  basis  of  the  plans  shown,  was  considered  to  be  the  lowest  and  best;  also, 
that  the  committee  had  prepared  a  bill  to  be  presented  to  the  Legislature  authorizing  the 
board  to  issue  and  sell  bonds  to  the  amoimt  of  sixty  thousand  dollars  for  the  purpose  of 
erecting  the  building  under  consideration. 

After  some  discussion  on  the  adoption  of  this  report  and  the  bid  of  Mr.  Ryers,  the 
following  resolution  was  adopted : 

That  there  be  a  committee  appointed  by  the  Chairman  of  this  Board  to  get  up  plans  for  a  poor  house  that  shall 
not  cost  to  exceed  thirty  thousand  dollars.  The  plans  to  furnish  accommodations  for  one  hundred  paupers,  to  be  a 
good,  substantial,  plain  building,  and  to  be  so  arranged  that  it  can  be  added  to  at  any  time  the  necessities  of  the 
county  requires,  without  destroying  the  appearance  or  convenience  of  the  building. 

Messrs.  Anderson,  Burdett,  Monroe  and  Dunlap  were  appointed  a  committee  to 
adopt  the  plans  and  proceed  with  the  building.  In  April,  1869,  plans  were  presented  by 
Charles  Ulrichson,  which  were  adopted,  and  the  contract  awarded  to  him. 

Under  a  .special  act  of  the  Legislature  entitled  "  An  act  to  authorize  the  Board  of 


332  HISTORY   OF    I'EOniA    rOlNTV. 

Supervisors  of  Peoria  county  to  build  an  alms-house,  and  to  issue  bonds  to  pay  for  the 
same,"  approved  March  25,  1869,  bonds  to  the  amount  of  tiiirty-five  thousand  dollars 
were  issued  and  the  building  was  commenced. 

In  February.  1870,  the  committee  in  charge  of  the  work  reported  that  Mr.  Ulrichson 
had  completed  the  contract,  and  that  the  building  was  ready  to  be  delivered  to  the 
county. 

Contract  price  for  building $31,879.00 

Extra  allowance  for  smoke-house,  out-houses,  etc 3,131.61 

Healing  apparatus,  furnished  by  Kyser  &  Co.,  Si.  Louis 2.940.00 

Total  cost  of  the  building $37,950.61 

In  closing  the  account,  it  was  voted  by  the  board  to  present  Mr.  Ulrichson  with  an 
order  on  the  count}-  treasury  for  five  hundred  dollai-s,  as  a  token  of  respect  and  honor  for 
the  faithful  manner  in  which  he  had  filled  his  part  of  the  contract.  Tliis  sum  added  to 
the  above  total  makes  the  cost  of  the  Peoria  county  alms-house  *38,4o0.t)l. 

ALMS-HOUSE   AND   POOR  FARM   MANAGEMENT. 

The  poor  farm  is  under  the  oversight  of  a  committee  of  three  persons  appointed  by 
the  Board  of  Supervisors,  and  known  as  inspectors.  This  committee  is  appointed  from 
the  Board.  A  workinj^  manager  for  the  farm  is  elected  by  the  board,  who  has  immediate 
charge,  subject  to  the  Inspectors,  of  the  alms-house  and  the  farm.  A  strict  account  is 
kept  by  the  Superintendent  or  working  manager  of  every  thing  produced  on  the  farm, 
of  the  articles  and  amount  consumed,  and  of  whatever  sold.  Regular  reports  are 
made  to  the  board,  which  are  as  carefully  examined  as  are  the  accounts  rendered  against 
the  county  by  private  individuals.  Since  the  re-purchase  of  the  Herron-Harker  place, 
the  farm  has  been  well  improved  and  all  of  it  made  availai)le  for  some  purpose  or  other. 
Some  of  it  is  devoted  to  tillage,  some  to  meadow,  some  to  pasturage  and  stock- 
growing.  Every  interest  connected  with  the  farm  is  carefully  guarded  and  made  as  pro- 
ductive as  possible.     The  last  report  of  the  Superintendent  is  here  submitted  : 

STATEMENT  OF  RECEIPTS  AND   DISBURSEMENTS  ON  ACCOUNT  OF  THE  POOR  FARM   AND 
ALMS-HOUSE  FROM  DECEMBER  i,  1878. TO  DECEMBER  i,  1S79. 

RECEIPTS. 

Amount  paid  into  the  County  Treasury  during  the  past  year  from  various  sources $1,345  00 

DISHURSEMENTS. 

Amount  audited  from  December   I,  1878, 10  March  II,   1879 $1,168  73 

"      March  II  toSept.  I,  1879 1,57344 

to  be  audited  from  .Sept.  I  to  Dec.   1,1879 ••445   53 

Superintendent's  salary  for  past  year 1,50000 

Physician's               "          "           "    30000 

Poor  Faim  Inspectors' expenses  for  past  year too  00 

Cash  expenses  lor  Alms-house  hired  help 950  43-$7,037   13 

RECAl'ITULATION. 

Total  amount  disbursed .$7,037  la 

"  '■         received 1,34596 

Excess  uf  Expenditures  over   Receipts $5,^1    '6 

From  which  deduct  expenses  for  permanent  improvement! 419  53 

Balance $5.»7I  63 

There  remains  on  hand  at  this  date  fat  hogs,  the  market  value  of  which  is 175  00 

And  rye,  the  market  value  of  which  is 335  o»-%    400  00 

Cash  expenses  for  hired  help . $  781  00 

"           "          "    threshing 3607-$    95043 

Expenses  of  house  for  repairs ............ 419  53 


HISTORY   OF   PEORIA   COUNTY.  333 

EXPENSES  FOR  PROVISIONS  AND  CLOTHING  FOR  PAUPERS  FROM  DECEMBER  I,  1878,  TO  DECEMBER  I,  187Q. 

From  December  I.  187S,  to  March  ii,  1879 - -.$1,168  73 

March  II  to  September  I,  i87g .   1,57244 

September  I  to  December  1,1879 - --- Ii445  53 

Total _  $4,186  70 

There  have  been  two  births  at  the  institution  during  the  past  year,  and  fifteen  inmates  have  died  during  the 
year. 

There  have  been  eighty.seven  persons  admitted  during  the  year,  and  one  hundred  and  nine  persons  discharged 
during  the  same  time.     Total  number  of  inmates  December  i,  1S79,  io8  ;  average  monthly  nnmber  of  inmates,  125. 

The  average  cost  of  keeping  paupers,  per  week,  during  the  past  year  has  been  eighty-one  cents  per  head,  but 
when  the  value  of  products  on  hand  is  taken  into  consideration,  to  wit :  the  sum  of  four  hundred  dollars,  the  average 
cost  of  keeping  each  inmate  would  only  be  seventy-four  cents  per  week  during  the  year. 


Milk  cows. 


STOCK,  GRAIN,  ETC.,  ON  HAND. 


15 


.^teers,  two  years  old 7 

Yearlings _ _ i 

Calves. _ 13 

Fatting  cattle...   8 

Fat   hogs : 48 

Stock   hogs 57 

Horses _ [4 

Mules _ 2 

Total  head  of  stock __ — 165 

Rye,  385  bushels  ;  on  hand _ , 350 

Oats,  535  bushels  ,  on  hand. _ 570 

Corn,  4,500  bushels  ;  on  hand 3,000 

Potatoes,  400  bushels  ;   on  hand. 150 

Beans,  20  bushels;  on  hand _ 12 

Onions,  20  bushels;  on  hand 20 

Total  bushels  on  hand _ — 4,  loa 

Hay,  18  tons  ;  on  hand 38  tons 


CIRCUIT  COURT. 


THE   FIBST   TERM. 


The  first  term  of  the  Circuit  Court  commenced  on  the  14th  day  of  November,  A. 
D.  1825.  John  York  Sawyer,  judge ;  John  Dixon,  clerk,  and  Samuel  Fulton,  sheriff. 
The  court  was  held  in  a  log  building  fourteen  feet  square,  that  stood  on  the  bank  of  the 
river,  just  below  the  bridge  of  the  Toledo,  Peoria  and  Warsaw  railway.  It  had  only  one 
window,  and  its  loft  was  low  —  in  fact,  it  was  a  genuine  log  cabin.  This  court-house 
also  served  for  religious  meetings  on  the  Sabbath.  The  basement,  which  was  reached 
from  an  opening  or  door  on  the  river  side,  was  sometimes  used  as  a  jail  and  sometimes  as 
a  stable. 

The  first  case  called  was  entitled  Crocker  &  Funk  vs.  Latham,  appeal.  The  judgment 
of  the  court  below  was  reversed  and  ordered  to  stand  for  naught,  and  that  the  defendant 
have  judgment  for  twelve  dollars  and  fifty  cents  and  costs. 

The  next  case,  as  shown  by  the  old  docket,  was  a  slander  suit  brought  against  Ed- 
mund Weed  by  Abner  Cooper  and  his  wife  Sarah.  A.  W.  (Javarly  appeared  as  attorney 
for  the  defendant  and  filed  a  demurrer.  The  demurrer  was  sustained,  and  the  defend- 
ant "  permitted  to  go  hence  and  to  recover  from  the  plaintiffs  the  costs  in  the  case." 
Cavarly  came  from  Carrollton,  in  Greene  county. 

The  following  other  cases  made  up  the  docket:  The  People  vs.  Joseph  Ogee,  and 
Jacob  Funk,  affray  ;  The  People  vs.  No-ma-que,  murder ;  The  People  vs.  Levi  Ellis  and 
Lyman  Leonard,  affray  ;  The  People  vs.  Abner  Cooper,  assault  and  battery  ;  The  People 
vs.  John  Grifiin,  assault  and  battery ;  Abner  Cooper  and  his  wife  Sarah  vs.  Sally  Weed, 
motion  to  reconsider ;  same  t^s.  Edmund  Weed,  motion  to  reconsider;  William  Blauch- 
ard  vs.  John  Taylor,  trespass. 


334  HISTORY  OF  PEOKIA  COUNTY. 

John  L.  Bogardus,  attorney,  was  fined  five  dollars  for  contempt  of  court,  and  Wil- 
liam S.  Hamlin,  a  constahle  of  the  court,  was  also  fined  five  dollars  for  contempt,  but  the 
next  day  after  the  fine  was  imposed,  it  was  ordered  to  be  remitted. 

No-ma-que  was  an  Indian  of  the  Pottawatomie  tribe,  and  had  been  arrested  and  held 
on  the  chart^e  of  killing  a  Frenchman  named  Pierre  Landre.  An  indictment  was  found 
against  him  by  the  grand  jury  at  this  term  of  court,  and  he  was  arraigned  for  trial. 
Joseph  Ogee  and  Jaques  Metti  were  sworn  as  interpreters.  Defendant's  counsel,  Wil- 
liam S.  Hamilton,  moved  to  dismiss  the  case  for  want  of  jurisdiciioii.  The  motion  was 
overruled,  a  jur}-  ordered,  and  nine  men  called  from  the  liystanders.  The  pannel  was 
not  full  and  Judge  Sawyer  directed  the  sheriff  to  summon  twelve  talesmen  to  appear  the 
next  morning.  The  second  day  after  arraignment  a  jury  was  obtained  and  the  trial 
proceeded.  Plea,  not  guilty.  Some  of  the  witnesses,  the  three  BuUbonaits,  who  had 
been  summoned,  did  not  appear,  and  were  subsequently  punished  for  contempt  in  neg- 
lecting to  obey  the  mandates  of  the  law.  There  were  witnesses  enough,  however,  to 
sustain  the  charge  in  the  indictment,  and  on  the  fourth  day  of  the  trial  the  case  was  given 
to  the  jury,  and  the  following  verdict  returned : 

"Stale  of  Illinois,  Peoria  Circuit  Court,  November  Term,  Eighteen  Hundred  and  Twenty-five  :  We,  the  traverse 
jury  ia  and  for  the  county  aforesaid,  do  find  No-ma^ue,  an  Indian  of  the  Pottawatomie  tribe,  guilty  of  the  murder 
of  Pierre  Landre.  Austin  Crocker.  Allen  .S.  Daugherty.  Alexander  McNaughton^  Nathan  Dillon,  Henr^'  Neely, 
William  Woodrow,  Peter  DuMont,  .\aron  Reed,  Abram  Galentine,  Josiah  Fulton,  Cornelius  Doty.  David  Mathews. 
November  17,  1825." 

A  motion  for  a  new  trial  was  made  and  overruled.  Counsel  for  defendant  also 
moved  for  arrest  of  judgment,  which  motion  was  also  overruled,  and  No-ma-que  was  called 
for  sentence.  The  sentence  of  the  court  was  that  No-ma-que  should  beheld  by  the  sheriff 
until  the  tliird  Saturday  in  January.  1826,  and  that  on  that  day  he  sliould  be  taken  by 
the  sheriff  to  some  convenient  place  and  there  hung  by  the  neck  until  he  was  dead. 

Hamilton  carried  the  case  to  the  Supreme  Court,  secured  a  hearing,  and  on  the  25th 
day  of  December,  1825,  that  court  reversed  the  decision  of  tlie  court  below,  but  ordered 
No-ma-que  to  be  held  for  tliirty  days,  to  enable  the  local  autliorities  to  take  measures  to 
again  bring  him  to  trial.  He  was  held  as  a  prisoner,  part  of  the  time  under  guard,  a  part 
of  the  time  confined  in  jail  at  Edwardsville,  and  a  part  of  tlie  time  lie  was  permitted  to 
go  at  large  on  his  own  recognizance,  until  the  ()etol)er  term,  1826,  when  he  was  again 
indicted  and  called  for  trial.  His  counsel  moved  that  tlie  indictment  be  quashed  on  the 
ground  that  he  had  been  once  convicted  of  the  offense  charged.  The  defendant  then 
raised  tlie  question  of  jurisdiction,  to  which  the  attorney  for  the  people  demurred.  The 
demurrer  was  sustained  by  the  court,  to  which  defendant's  counsel  excepted,  and  the 
case  was  again  certified  to  tlie  Supreme  Court.  From  that  time  forward  until  the  May 
term  of  tlie  court,  1828,  No-ma-que  roamed  at  will,  without  hindrance. 

A  chapter  in  Droun's  Peoria  Directory,  1844,  written  by  "J.  H.,  Esq."  (John  Ham- 
lin), gives  the  following  sketch  of  the  court  in  1S26  : 

"  In  the  year  1826  I  lived  three  miles  from  Mackinaw,  on  the  Peoria  and  Springfield 
road,  in  what  is  now  Tazewell  county,  but  then  attached  to  Peoria,  and  being  twenty- 
one  years  of  age  that  year,  I  was  summoned  on  tlie  grand  jury.  There  were  not  enough 
adults  tlien  in  Peoria  county  proper  to  form  tlie  grand  and  petit  juries,  and  hence  they 
were  summoned  from  the  attached  portion.  All  the  grand  jury  liut  two  were  from  the  east 
side  of  tlie  Illinois  river,  and  were  chiefly  my  neighbors.  We  took  our  provisions  and 
beiMing,  the  latter  being  a  blanket  ortiuilt  for  each.  It  was  also  the  practice  in  those  days  to 
take  aloiitj  a  Hagon  of  li(nior,  and  the  custom  was  not  omitted  on  this  occasion.  In  truth, 
80  fiitlifuliy  was  the  flagon  put  untler  retiuisition,  that  but  two  of  our  niinibcr  were  sober 
when  we  appeared  in  court  to  receive  the  judge's  charge.     Judge  Sawyer  was  the  pre- 


HISTOKY  OF  PEORIA   COUNTY.  336 

siding  judge,  James  Turney  the  prosecutiag  attorney,  and  Messrs.  Cavarly,  Pugh,  Bogar- 
dus  and  Turney  the  entire  bar. 

"  There  were  only  about  eight  bills  of  indictment  found  by  the  grand  jury  —  one  of  these 
was  against  an  Indian  named  No-ma-que,  for  murder.  He  had  been  tried  the  Fall  before, 
but  obtaining  a  new  trial  he  was  indicted  again  at  this  term.  There  being  no  secure  jail, 
the  sheriif  (Samuel  Fulton)  kept  him  under  guard  at  the  house  of  a  Mr.  Allen.  One 
night  about  a  dozen  drunken  Indians  met  to  rescue  him,  and  attempted  to  enter  the  door 
for  that  jjurpose.  Allen  sprang  out  of  a  back  window,  and,  seizing  a  clapboard,  rushed 
around  to  the  front  of  the  house  and  laid  about  him  with  great  fury.  He  felled  four  of 
the  Indians  to  the  ground  before  they  could  recover  from  their  consternation,  when  the 
others  retreated.  Allen  followed  close  on  the  heels  of  the  hindmost  and  belabored  him 
without  mercy  until  he  begged  for  quarters,  crying,  '  Stop,  white  man  !  Stop,  white 
man  !  Stop  ! '  Felling  him,  also,  the  five  laid  until  morning,  when  they  were  able  to 
crawl  off.       *       *       *       * 

"  The  court-house  was  a  log  building  on  the  bank  of  the  river,  in  which  the  jurors 
slept  on  their  blankets  on  the  floor.  There  was  a  tavern  kept  by  Mr.  Bogardus,  but  it 
was  not  large  enough  to  furnish  sleeping  accommodations  for  them.  The  grand  jury 
room  was  a  lumber  cabin,  in  which  Bogai'dus  kept  saddles  and  other  cattle  fixings." 

THE   LAST   OF   NO-MA-QUB. 

At  the  May  term,  1828,  on  motion  of  the  attorney  for  the  people,  the  No-ma-que  mur- 
der case  was  struck  from  the  docket,  and  the  red  murderer  left  the  country.  When 
Black  Hawk  invaded  Illinois  in  1832,  No-ma-que  was  present  with  him  at  Stillman's  Run, 
and  was  badly  wounded.  He  was  found  in  that  condition  lying  in  the  way  of  some  of 
the  Peoria  men,  who  humanely  shot  him  to  death  to  end  his  misery. 

THE   COURT-HOUSE   AND  COURT   IN   1833-4  —  RESIDENT   LAWYERS. 

Droun's  Peoria  Directory  (1844)  has  another  article,  written  by  "I.  U.,  Esq."  (Isaac 
Underbill),  from  which  the  following  extracts  are  selected: 

"  I  first  landed  on  the  shore  of  Peoria  Lake  on  Christmas  day,  1833,  and  took  lodg- 
ings with  our  worthy  townsman,  A.  O.  Garrett,  who  then  kept  the  '  Peoria  Hotel,'  in  a 
small  two-story  wooden  building  at  the  corner  of  Main  and  Washington  streets. 

"  The  only  building  west  of  the  hotel  at  that  time  was  a  barn  a  short  distance  up 
Main  street.  The  entire  town  consisted  of  but  seven  frame  houses  and  a  few  log  tene- 
ments. Being  favorably  impressed  with  its  future  prospects,  its  beautiful  site,  and  the 
magnificent  lake,  I  determined  to  make  it  my  future  residence.  Mr.  Aquilla  Wren  was 
at  that  time  one  of  the  County  Commissioners  for  Peoria  county,  of  whom  i  purchased 
several  lots  on  Washington  street,  at  forty  dollars  each.  The  day  following  I  left  in  the 
steamboat  Peoria  for  the  South. 

"In  a  few  months  I  returned  again  to  Peoria.  During  my  absence  expensive  prepa- 
rations had  been  made  for  building,  and  before  the  first  of  September  about  forty  houses 
and  stores  were  erected. 

"Judge  Young  was  the  presiding  judge  at  that  time,  and  held  the  Circuit  Court  in  a 
small  building,  fourteen  feet  square,  on  the  river  bank.  *  *  *  *  TYie  grand 
juiy  sat  under  the  shade  of  a  crab-apple  tree,  and  the  petit  jury  deliberated  in  an  old 
French  cellar  (sometimes  humorously  called  a  potato  hole  —  Ed.),  partially  filled  up  and 
surrounded  with  a  growth  of  rank  high  weeds  and  grass.  *  *  *  *  xhe 
venerable  Isaac  Waters  was  clerk  of  the  court.  His  office  and  dwelling  were  in  a  small 
log  cabin,  where  now  (1844)  stands  the  plow  works  of  Tobey   &   Anderson.      The  old 


336  HISTORY  OF  PEORIA  COUNTY. 

gentleman  used  to  carry  the  seal  of  the  Court  in  his  pocket,  and  on  one  occasion,  by  mis- 
take, offered  it  to  the  post-master  in  payment  of  postajje. 

"  The  only  practicing  members  of  the  bar  that  resided  here  at  that  time  were  the 
Hon.  Lewis  Bigelow  and  Charles  Ballance.  The  former  was  an  eminent  jurist  and  pro- 
found scholar.  I  was  informed  that  he  wrote  a  digest  of  the  laws  of  Massachusetts,  a 
valuable  work  of  upwards  of  eight  hundred  pages,  with  one  quill.  He  died  here  in  1838. 
William  Frisby,  a  member  of  the  bar  of  much  promise,  arrived  here  in  1834.  By  his  in- 
defatigable studies  he  was  fast  reaching  the  topmost  round  of  the  ladder  of  his  profession, 
when  he  c^ied  in  1842,  lamented  by  a  large  circle  of  friends  and  acquaintances." 

THE   OLD   CIKCrrr  —  JUDGES   YOUNG    AKD   FOED. 

In  1832  and  1803,  the  judicial  district  of  which  Peoria  formed  a  part  was  composed 
of  what  are  now  the  counties  of  Pike,  Adams,  Brown,  Schuyler,  Fulton,  McDonough, 
Hancock.  Henderson,  Warren,  Knox,  Marshall,  Stark,  Henry,  Mercer.  Rock  Island.  Put- 
nam, Bureau,  LaSalle,  DeKalb,  Lee.  Whiteside,  Carroll.  Jo  Daviess.  Stephenson,  Winne- 
bago, Ogle,  Boone,  McHenry.  Lake,  Cook,  DuPage.  Kane.  Grundy.  Will  and  Peoria.* 
In  those  days  there  were  but  few  white  men  in  all  the  region  of  country,  and  but 
few  roads  or  bridges,  and  no  public  conveyances  of  any  kind.  Judges  and  lawyers 
traveled  on  horse-back  from  county  seat  to  county  seat.  In  some  instances  they  traveled 
in  squads  and  camped  or  lodged  wherever  night  overtook  them.  And  jolly  squads  they 
were  I  Places  of  entertainment  along  the  trails  of  travel  from  court  to  court  were  few. 
as  well  as  poor  in  accommodations.  Sometimes  judges,  lawyere  and  families  where  they 
stopped  to  remain  over  night,  all  slept  in  one  room,  which  served  as  well  for  kitchen, 
dining  room,  parlor,  sitting  room,  etc.  Songs,  jokes,  stories,  and  tricks  played  on  each 
other,  were  the  amusements  of  tlie  night.  And  the  old-time  lawyers  and  judges  made  a 
humorous  combination,  about  which  many  amusing  anecdotes  might  be  written.  Their 
like  the  country  will  never  know  again. 

Judge  Samuel  D.  Lockwood  succeeded  Judge  Sawyer,  and  presided  at  the  May 
term,  1827,  and  in  June,  1829,  Richard  M.  Young  came  to  succeed  Judge  Lockwood. 
"The  most  essential  requisites  for  a  good  judge  in  those  days,"  wrote  Mr.  Ballance,  "  was 
to  own  a  good  horse  and  to  know  how  to  ride  him.  These  two  requisites  Judge  Young 
possessed  in  a  high  degree.  He  was  a  fine  looking,  complai>ant  Kentuckian,  who  did 
not  possess  much  legal  learning,  but  did  own  a  fine,  high-blooded  Kentucky  horse,  and 
knew  well  how  to  ride  him. 

"In  May,  1833,  Judge  Young  made  his  appearance  in  tiie  village  of  Peoria,  and  an- 
nounced that  he  was  on  his  way  to  Ciiicago  to  hold  court.  He  had  traveled  one  hundred 
and  thirty  miles  from  Quincy,  where  he  lived,  and  to  reach  Chicago,  as  the  trail  then 
ran,  had  not  less  than  one  hundred  and  seventy  miles  more  to  travel  to  reach  the  county 
seat  of  Cook,  making  in  all  three  hundred  miles  he  had  to  travel  to  hold  a  three  days 
court." 

Mr.  Ballance  desired  to  accompany  Judge  Young  to  Chicago,  partly  to  seek  practice 
and  partly  to  see  the  country.  So  scarce  were  horses  in  Peoria  at  that  time  that  he 
could  neither  hire  nor  borrow  one  in  the  village  on  which  to  make  the  trip,  and  went  to 
the  country  and  presented  his  case  to  an  old  farmer,  who  had  a  small  drove  of  horses. 
The  only  broken  ones  the  farmer  had,  he  wished  to  use,  and  as  a  matter  of  necessity, 
Mr.  Ballance  took  one  tiiat  was  unused  to  bridle  or  sa<ldle,  and  "on  which  no  man  had 
ever  sat."  He  asked  the  old  farmer  why  he  had  not  broken  his  horses,  and  he  replied 
that  he  was  too  old  and  that  his  boys  were  too  young.  He  made  Mr.  Ballance  welcome  to 
the  colt,  however,  but  filed  a  demurrer  to  his  attempting  to  ride  him.  "for,"  said  he,  "  I 
am  afraid  he  will  break  your  neck."  Mr.  Ballance  cited  lus  iiutiiorily  in  objection  to  the 
demurrer,  tliat  he  had  been  raised  wiiere  they   made   horses  at>  a  business,  and   that  he 

*13aUance's  Peoria. 


HISTORY   OF   PEORIA  COUNTY.  337 

would  risk  the  chances  of  a  trial,  if  he  could  get  into  the  saddle.  The  colt  was  caught, 
bridled  and  saddled,  and  the  farmer  and  his  oldest  son  held  him  in  chancery  till  Mr. 
Ballance  was  well  mounted,  and  then  let  him  go.  And  he  did  go  —  sometimes  with  one 
end  toward  Chicago,  and  sometimes  with  the  other,  and  sometimes  sideways,  but  Bal- 
lance stuck  to  the  saddle  like  a  mortgage  to  real  estate,  and  reached  Chicago  after  a  little 
more  than  three  days. 

To  return  to  Judge  Young.  It  is  said  of  him  that  he  had  sufficient  ability  to  fill  any 
office  with  honor  and  respectability,  and  that  he  became  very  popular  with  the  masses. 
He  was  elected  to  the  U.  S.  Senate  in  1836,  and  served  a  full  term  of  six  years  from  the 
4th  of  March,  1837,  to  the  4th  of  March,  1843.  After  that  he  served  on  the  supreme 
bench,  and  acquitted  himself  with  creditable  distinction.  But  at  last  his  sun  sank  in 
clouds.  For  several  years  before  his  death  he  resided  in  Washington  and  practiced  as  a 
claim  agent.  There  he  became  insane  and  died  in  an  insane  asylum.  Of  his  last  days 
and  of  his  sufferings  but  little  was  ever  known  to  his  old  associates  and  acquaintances  in 
Peoria. 

After  Judge  Young  was  elected  to  the  United  States  Senate,  Thomas  Ford  succeeded 
to  the  judgeship.  He  served  as  a  judge  sixj-ears,  and  in  1842  was  elected  to  be  Governor 
of  the  State  on  the  Democratic  ticket.  When  he  retired  from  the  gubernatorial  chair  in 
1846,  he  removed  from  his  home  at  Oregon,  in  Ogle  county,  to  Peoria,  and  resumed  the 
practice  of  law.  Here  his  fortune  began  to  wane.  His  health  failed  and  he  became  a 
hopeless  invalid.  His  devoted  wife  wore  herself  out  in  watching  and  caring  for  her  hon- 
ored husband,  and  died  suddenly.  Her  husband  died  soon  after  (^in  1850),  leaving  his 
family  in  poverty  and  destitution.  It  is  said  that  while  Governor  Ford  lay  sick  and  help- 
less, his  family  was  furnished  with  food  by  a  party  of  Peorians,  all  but  two  of  whom  had 
been  his  political  opponents.  The  same  good  Samaritans  bore  his  funeral  expenses  and 
carried  his  remains  to  the  silent  city  of  the  dead,  and  there  consigned  to  mother  earth  all 
that  was  mortal  of  one  of  the  purest  and  most  incorruptible  judges  and  governors  known 
in  the  history  of  Illinois.  He  died  ignorant  whence  the  aid  came,  so  quietly  and  unos- 
tentatiously was  the  truly  Christian  work  carried  on.  And  after  the  mother  and  father 
had  been  laid  awaj^  in  their  "•  windowless  palaces  of  rest,"  their  children,  all  but  the  old- 
est one,  who  was  then  uearl}'  grown,  were  cared  for  and  educated  by  the  same  kindly 
hands  that  smoothed  their  parents'  pathway  to  the  tomb.  Such  deeds  of  true  Christian 
charity  may  not  be  justly  recognized  and  appreciated  here,  but  a  reward  far  richer  than 
ever  conceived  in  the  hearts  of  men,  awaits  them  in  the  eternal  Aisles  of  Light. 

Between  the  time  of  his  removal  to  Peoria  and  his  death.  Governor  Ford  completed 
his  manuscript  histor}'  of  Illinois.  After  his  death,  the  late  General  Shields  revised  the 
manuscript,  where  revision  was  necessar}-,  and  perfected  arrangements  to  secure  its  pub- 
lication, for  the  benefit  of  the  author's  children.  This  was  the  only  legacy  left  them, 
and  is,  in  fact,  the  only  reliable  early  history  of  the  State  ever  published.  But  for  Gov- 
ernor Ford's  indomitable  industry  and  familiar  knowledge  of  the  men  and  times  with 
which  he  was  closely  identified  for  so  many  years,  and  the  generosity  of  his  friend  and 
compatriot,  there  is  but  little  doubt  that  much  of  the  early  history  of  the  State  would 
have  been  forever  lost. 

JITDGES   FROM    1825   TO   JANUABY    1,    1880. 

The  following  is  a  complete  register  of  the  Judges  who  have  presided  in  the  Peoria 
circuit  from  the  first  term  of  the  court  in  November,  1825,  to  the  present  —  January  1, 
1880: 

Samuel  D.  Lockwood  came  to  succeed  Judge  Sawyer,  and  presided  at  the  May  term, 
1827.  In  June,  1829,  Judge  Lockwood  was  succeeded  by  Richard  M.  Young.  Judge 
Young  remained  on  the  bench  until  the  close  of  1834.     Sydney  Breese  presided  at  the 


338  HISTORY   <»F   I'EORIA   COUNTY. 

Spring  term,  lS3o.  and  Stephen  T.  Logan  presided  at  the  September  term,  1835.  Thomas 
Ford  presided  at  the  May  term,  1836.  Dan  Stone  presided  from  tlie  May  term,  1837,  to 
the  May  term.  1838.  In  August,  1838,  Thomas  Ford  was  elected  to  he  Judge  of  the 
district,  and  when  the  September  term  of  court  came  on,  he  exchanged  with  Jesse  B. 
Thomas  of  the  first  district,  and  the  hitter  gentleman  presided  here.  Ford  presided  at 
the  April  term,  1839,  and  regularly  at  every  term  thereafter  until  1842,  closing  his 
judgeship  with  the  April  term.  John  D.  Catou  presided  at  the  October  term,  1842,  and 
Judge  Young,  who  had  been  elected  to  the  Supreme  bench,  presided  in  May,  1843.  J. 
D.  Caton,  one  of  the  Associate  Justices  of  the  Supreme  Court,  presided  at  the  October 
term,  1843,  and  regularly  thereafter  until  and  including  the  (Jetober  term,  1848.  T. 
Lyle  Dickey  presided  at  the  May  and  October  terms,  1849.  William  Kellogg,  of  Fulton, 
was  elected  to  be  Judge  of  the  Tenth  district  in  1849,  and  presided  at  the  March  term, 
18.50,  and  until  March,  1852.  Onslow  Peters,  of  the  Sixteenth  district,  presided  at  the 
May  term,  1853,  and  until  he  was  succeeded  by  Judge  Gale,  at  the  May  term,  1856. 
Judge  Elihu  N.  Powell  presided  at  the  November  term,  1856,  and  was  succeeded  at  the 
August  term,  1861,  by  Amos  L.  Merriman.  Merrimaii  resigned  in  September,  1863,  and 
was  succeeded  by  Marion  Williamson,  who  was  succeeded  in  turn  by  Sabin  D.  Pu- 
terbaugh  in  August,  1867.  Puterbaugh  remained  on  the  bench  until  January.  1^73, 
and  then  resigned.  Between  the  time  of  his  resignation  and  the  election  of  Joseph  W. 
Cochran,  in  June.  1873,  Henry  B.  Hopkins  was  appointed  to  be  Judge  ad  interim.  Coch- 
ran served  until  June,  1879,  and  was  succeeded  by  Ninian  M.  Laws,  of  Lacon. 

PERSONAl,   MENTION. 

Nearly  all  of  the  old-time  Judges  have  passed  away.  The  last  days  of  Young  and 
Ford  have  been  noticed,  and  our  pen  is  now  directed  to  those  who  succeeded  them: 

E.  T.  Lnckwood,  subsequently  removed  to  Belvidere,  Boone  county,  and  for  some 
years  piior  to  his  death  lived  at  Batavia,  Kane  county.  111.,  where,  having  acquired  a 
competency  by  the  rise  of  somo  lands  in  the  suburbs  of  Chicago,  he  purchased  a  beautiful 
country  place,  and  peacefully  closed  a  life  of  rare  usefulness  and  singular  purity  and 
honesty. 

Sydney  Breese  died  on  his  extensive  and  well  cultivated  farm  near  Carlisle,  in  Clin- 
ton county,  June  27,  1878.  His  portrait,  a  correct  likeness,  has  a  place  in  the  Peoria 
Law  Library. 

Dan  Stone  died  at  Galena. 

Je.sse  B.  Thomas  subsequently  removed  to  Chicago,  where   he  died  in  If* — . 

His  son,  Jesse  B.,  is  an  eminent  Baptist  clergyman,  and  was  pastor  of  a  Baptist  church  in 
that  city. 

J.  I).  Caton  served  on  the  Supreme  bench  for  a  number  of  years,  and  won  distinction 
as  an  able  and  impartial  jurist.  He  became  immensely  wealthy,  and  his  home  at  Deer 
Park,  Ottawa,  La  Salle  county,  is  the  pride  of  that  part  of  the  State.  He  is  now  largely 
interested  in  telegraphy  and  the  manufacture  of  telegraphic  instruments. 

T.  Lyle  Dickey  has  been  twice  elected  to  the  Supreme  bench,  where  he  is  still  serv- 
ing. 

Kellogg  was  elected  to  Congress  in  1856,  and  re-elected  in  1858  and  1860,  serving 
six  years.     He  died  I)ecenil)er  20,  1872. 

Onslow  Peters  was  a  native  of  Massachu.setts.  His  father  wa,s  a  blacksmith,  and 
owned  the  farm  on  which  the  Massachusetts  State  Reform  School  is  located,  at  West- 
boro,  and  ."old  it  to  the  State  for  that  purpose.  Onslow  canie  to  Illinois  in  1836.  After 
President  Pierce  succeeded  to  the  Presidency  in  185:'.,  Judge  Peters  went  to  Washington 
to  loiik  after  an  appointment,  anil  died  there  sudilenly  the  '^Hth  of  February,  1856. 

Gale  is  secretary  of  the  Pe<u-ia  Gas  Company. 

E.  N.  Powell  died  in  Peoria  July  15,  1871. 


HISTORY   OF   PEORIA   COUNTY.  339 

A.  L.  Merriman  removed  to  Washington  City,  where  he  is  practicing  his  profession 
as  a  claim  agent. 

John  York  Sawyer  was  born  at  Reading,  Windsor  county,  Vermont,  March  15, 1787. 
At  the  commencement  of  the  war  with  Great  Britain  in  1812  lie  enlisted  in  the  army 
and  was  appointed  ensign,  and  afterwards  promoted  to  adjutant  of  Colonel  Aikens'  reg- 
iment, and  served  until  the  close  of  the  war.  He  came  to  Illinois  in  1816,  and  settled 
at  Edwardsville  on  the  16tli  of  December  of  that  year.  He  was  Probate  Judge  and  Re- 
corder of  Madison  county  for  several  years.  On  the  29th  of  December,  1825,  Messrs. 
Sawyer,  Samuel  McRoberts,  Richard  M.  Young,  James  Hall  and  James  O.  Wattles 
were  commissioned  to  be  Judges  of  the  Circuit  Court.  In  the  arrangement  of  circuits, 
Judge  Sawyer  was  assigned  to  the  First  circuit,  which  included  Peoria  county.  The 
appointment  of  clerks  to  the  clerk  was  vested  in  the  judges  in  those  days,  and  Judge 
Sawyer  appointed  Isaac  Waters  to  be  clerk  of  the  Peoria  Circuit  Court.  After  serving 
as  judge  two  years,  the  Legislature  repealed  the  act  establishing  the  system  of  courts 
as  being  too  expensive,  the  salaries  of  the  judges  being  fixed  at  five  hundred  dollars 
each  per  year. 

In  1827  Sawyer  embarked  in  the  newspaper  business,  establishing  the  Plow-Boy^ 
an  agricultural  paper,  which  he  published  for  two  years.  He  afterward  owned  the 
Illinois  Advocate,  published  at  Edwardsville,  and  was  the  author  of  the  first  "  Illinois 
Farmers'  Almanac."  In  1832,  he  was  elected  State  printer,  and  moved  to  Vandalia, 
where  he  died  in  1836,  from  an  attack  of  pneumonia.  Judge  Sawyer  was  twice  mar- 
ried. His  second  wife  survived  him,  and  died  in  Upper  Alton  in  1872.  He  left  no 
issue. 

Marion  Williamson  died  in  Peoria,  on  the  22d  day  of  April,  1868.  He  was  born 
in  Adams  county,  Ohio,  where  he  received  a  common  school  education,  and  then 
climbed  to  the  honorable  distinction  of  lawyer  and  judge  by  his  own  unaided  exertions. 
He  read  law  in  the  office  of  William  Buck,  of  Adams  county,  and  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  in  1852,  and  went  to  Ottumwa,  Iowa,  where  he  spent  the  Winter  of  1852-3,  and  re- 
moved to  Oquawka,  in  this  State,  in  the  Spring  of  the  year  last  named,  and  came  from 
there  to  Peoria  in  the  Fall  of  1856,  and  associated  himself  with  Judge  Mead.  In  1859 
the  partnership  was  dissolved,  and  Judge  Williamson  opened  an  office  by  himself,  and 
continued  the  practice  of  his  profession  until  Judge  Merriman  resigned,  as  elsewhere 
noticed,  when  he  was  elected  to  fill  the  vacancy.  On  the  occasion  of  his  death  a  city 
paper,  referring  to  his  judgeship,  said :  "  He  filled  the  office  with  honor  to  himself  and 
benefit  to  the  community.  His  peculiar  adaptability  to  the  position  made  him  one  of  the 
best  officers  that  ever  sat  on  the  bench." 

Sabin  D.  Puterbaugh  resigned  in  January,  1873,  and  returned  to  law  practice.  He 
has  written  and  published  a  treatise  on  common  law  practice,  and  also  a  treatise  on 
chancery  pleadings,  several  editions  of  which  have  been  published,  which  is  evidence  of 
their  value  to  the  profession. 

Joseph  W.  Cochran  also  returned  to  the  practice. 

An  act  of  the  Legislature,  approved  June  2,  and  in  force  July  1,  1877,  divided  the 
State  of  Illinois,  exclusive  of  the  County  of  Cook,  into  thirteen  judicial  circuits,  of  which 
the  Counties  of  Putnam,  Marshall,  Woodford,  Tazewell,  Peoria  and  Stark  were  desig- 
nated as  the  Eighth.  Under  the  provisions  of  this  law,  one  additional  judge  was  elected 
in  each  district  on  the  first  Monday  in  August,  1877.  David  McCollough  was  elected  as 
the  additional  judge  in  this  (the  8th)  circuit.  The  same  act  provided  that  three  judges 
should  be  elected  by  general  ticket  in  each  circuit  on  the  first  Mondaj^  in  June,  1879, 
and  that  their  tenure  of  office  should  continue  for  six  3-ears.  At  that  election  McCollough 
was  elected  from  Peoria  county.  Laws  from  Marshall  county,  and  Burns  from  Marshall 
county. 


340  HISTORY   OF   PF.ORIA   COrNTY 

APPEIXATE  CODBT. 

At  the  same  time,  June  2,  1877,  an  act  was  passed  creating  four  appellate  courts, 
Peoria  being  in  the  second  appellate  district. 

The  law  further  provided  that  the  Supreme  Court  should  select  twelve  circuit  Judges 
to  hold  such  Appellate  courts,  three  to  each  district.  Judge  McCulloch  was  selected  as 
one  of  the  Appellate  Judges  for  the  third  district,  and  is  now  serving. 

THE  CBIMINAL,  CALENDAB. 

Considering  that  Peoria  county  is  a  river  county,  and  that  since  the  building  of  rail- 
roads, the  city  of  Peoria  has  become  a  railroad  center  of  no  mean  importance,  the 
county  has  always  been  remarkably  free  from  capital  crimes,  as  compared  with  other 
communities.  There  have  been  fewer  murders,  in  proportion  to  the  population,  than  in 
any  other  county  in  the  State.  From  the  time  of  the  first  settlement  in  the  shadows  of 
Fort  Clark  in  the  Spring  of  1819,  the  presence  of  evil  doers  and  criminally  disposed  char- 
acters, has  not  been  tolerated.  Every  attempted  violation  of  the  law,  ever}-  infringement 
upon  the  rights  of  persons  and  propert}',  has  been  promptlj-  met  and  as  promptly  punished. 

In  mixed  communities  and  growing,  prosperous  centers,  there  is  always  a  certain  per 
cent,  of  reckless,  graceless  characters  and  dishonest  persons  who  seek  by  any  means  but 
honest  industry  to  obtain  a  livelihood.  These  characters,  as  a  rule,  are  never  rightly  en- 
titled to  be  called  permanent  residents,  but  more  appropriately  come  under  the  head  of 
what  are  now  called  tramps.  And  it  is  safe  to  assume  that  seven  out  of  every  ten  crimi- 
nal cases,  especially  of  the  higher  grades,  that  stain  the  court  records  of  Peoria  county, 
have  been  committed  by  transient  characters.  Capital  offenses  have  been  committed 
here,  as  they  have  been  committed  in  every  community  since  the  world  began  to  be  peo- 
pled. But  they  have  been  punished.  Only  a  very  few  of  those  convicted  for  murder, 
have  escaped  the  full  punishment  of  the  law.  Some,  as  in  the  case  of  McAlister,  who 
murdered  Joseph  Eads  in  the  beginning  of  187.5,  paid  the  penalty  of  life  sentences  in  the 
penitentiary.  Others  have  been  sentenced  for  longer  or  shorter  periods  of  time,  according 
to  the  nature  of  the  circumstances  under  which  the  offenses  were  committed. 

The  death  penalty  has  onl}'  been  pronounced  in  four  cases  in  the  fifty-five  years  that 
have  passed  since  the  organization  of  the  county  under  an  act  of  the  Legislature  approved 
January  1.3,  1825.  The  first  instance  was  in  the  case  of  No-ma-que,  the  Indian,  already 
cited.     In  the  other  three  cases  the  sentences  were  fully  executed. 

ALMOST   A   TRAGEDY — A   DOUBLE   EXECtJTlON. 

The  first  execution  of  the  death  penalty  in  Peoria  county  was  a  double  one,  in  which 
two  young  men,  named  respectively  Thomas  Brown  and  (leorge  Williams,  were  executed 
for  the  murder  of  a  man  named  llewitl,  in  tlie  lattir  part  of  18.")0. 

Hewitt  was  a  farmer  and  cattle  dealer  who  lived  at  Berwick,  in  Warren  county,  and 
on  the  Saturday  he  was  assaulted  he  had  drawn  some  $1,")00  or  ;'2,.')00  (the  exact  amount 
is  not  remembered)  in  Cherokee  (fieorgia)  "  wild  cat"  money  from  Curtis'  bank,  at  the 
corner  of  Main  and  Water  streets.  This  fact  was  known  lo  Thomas  Jordan,  a  notorious 
river  thief  of  the  times,  whose  alia.H  was  "  Tom  Tit,"  who  imparti-d  his  knowledge  to 
Brown  and  Williams,  and  planned  to  have  them  rob  Hewitt  of  the  money.  They  watched 
Hewitt's  movements,  saw  him  enter  his  buggy  and  start  for  home,  and  followed  close  in 
his  rear.  At  the  foot  of  the  bluff,  on  Spring  street,  Hewitt  got  out  of  his  buggy  and 
sliirtfd  to  walk  up  the  bluff  lieliiiid  his  carriage  to  lighten  the  load  for  his  horse.  Brown 
and  Williams  ([uickeiied  their  pace,  came  ui>  witii  him  and  demanded  bis  money.  On 
iiitf  refusal  to  "stand  and  dclivcj,"  they  assaulted  him  with  u  brick-bat,  striking  nim  on 


HISTORY  OF   PEORIA   COUNTY.  341 

the  head,  fracturing  his  skull,  and  rendering  him  unconscious.  They  barely  had  time  to 
rifle  his  pockets  when  they  were  frightened  away  by  some  teamsters  coming  down  the 
bluff,  and  ran  over  the  Ijluff  and  reached  and  crossed  the  river  between  the  site  now  oc- 
cupied by  the  pottery  and  the  "  Narrows."  By  some  means,  probably  by  the  help  of  the 
teamsters,  who  may  "have  imagined  him  intoxicated,  Hewitt  got  up  in  his  buggy,  his 
horse  started  on  and  went  out  about  ten  miles,  to  Holmes's  wayside  tavern,  where  he  was 
in  the  habit  of  stopping.  There  his  condition  was  noticed  and  he  was  carried  into  the 
house.  Medical  aid  was  summoned,  but  the  wounds  were  of  such  a  nature  that  he  died 
on  the  ninth  day. 

Brown  and  Williams  had  been  seen  running  across  the  bluff  and  when  it  was  known 
that  Hewitt  had  been  assaulted  and  robbed,  suspicion  pointed  to  them  as  the  guilty 
parties,  and  they  were  traced  across  the  river.  Early  on  Sunday  morning.  Sheriff  Riggs, 
George  C.  Bestor,  Zenas  Hotchkiss  and  others,  crossed  the  river  as  a  pursuing  party,  and 
in  making  inquiries  among  the  farmers  they  learned  that  two  young  men  answering  the 
description  of  Brown  and  Williams  had  come  into  the  neighborhood  the  evening  4)revi- 
ous  and  hired  a  man  to  take  them  to  Springfield.  Bestor  and  Hotchkiss  insisted  on  fol- 
lowing the  trail,  and  urged  as  an  argument  that  unless  they  did  so  the  robbers  would  es- 
cape, for  as  soon  as  they  reached  Springfield,  then  the  nearest  railroad  point,  they  would 
take  the  cars  and  thus  elude  capture.  Riggs  could  not  be  persuaded  to  follow  them,  and 
all  of  the  posse,  except  Bestor  and  Hotchkiss,  came  back  to  Peoria,  while  the  two  last 
named  pushed  on  to  Springfield.  The  wagon  which  Brown  and  Williams  hired  had  a 
green  box  with  white  stripes,  and  was  easily  followed.  They  reached  Springfield  on  Sun- 
day night,  only  a  few  hours  behind  the  robbers,  and  found  and  captured  them  in  bed. 
After  their  arrest  their  persons  were  examined  and  all  of  the  stolen  money  but  twenty- 
three  dollars  was  found  secreted  in  their  neck-handkerchiefs  —  the  old  fashioned  black 
silk  kind.  Brown  and  Williams  were  brought  back  in  irons,  and  taken  out  to  Holmes' 
tavern,  where  Hewitt  still  remained,  for  identification.  Hewitt  had  recovered  conscious- 
ness, and  immediately  identified  them  as  his  assailants.  The  money  was  also  identified 
by  Curtis,  as  the  money  he  had  paid  to  Hewitt  the  Saturday  previous. 

Brown  and  Williams  were  lodged  in  the  old  jail  at  the  corner  of  North  Fayette  and 
Washington  streets,  now  occupied  in  part  as  a  dwelling  by  Eberhardt  Godel.  When 
Court  came  on  in  November  (1850),  they  were  indicted  for  murder,  put  upon  trial,  found 
guilty  of  murder  in  the  first  degree,  and  on  the  27th  day  of  that  month  were  sentenced 
by  Judge  Kellogg  to  be  hanged  on  Friday,  the  20th  day  of  December.  In  the  mean- 
time "  Tom  Tit's  "  agency  in  the  attempted  robbery  and  murder,  and  his  whereabouts 
had  been  discovered  and  a  respite  of  thirty  days  was  obtained  to  give  the  ofiicers  time  to 
bring  him  back,  that  he  might  be  identified  by  the  condemned  men  as  accessory  to  the 
murder. 

A   MOB. 

The  populace  were  greatly  excited  over  the  murder,  and  as  the  day  first  fixed  for 
the  execution  drew  near,  the  excitement  increased.  On  the  morning  of  that  day  men 
came  to  Peoria  fi-om  all  parts  of  the  country,  until  there  was  a  large  crowd  in  the  streets 
round  and  about  the  jail.  When  it  became  known  that  a  respite  had  been  granted,  the 
excitement  overleaped  all  bounds  of  respect  for  law  and  good  order,  and  the  frenzied  mob 
demanded  that  the  men  should  be  hanged,  and  declared  that  if  the  sheriff  did  not  hang 
them,  the  mob  would.  The  leading  men  of  Peoria  tried  to  allay  their  excitement,  ap- 
pealed to  their  better  judgment,  and  urged  them  by  every  possible  argument  to  disperse 
and  go  home,  assuring  them  that  the  law  should  be  enforced.  Arguments  and  appeals 
to  reason  and  obedience  to  law  and  good  order  were  useless.  The  sheriff,  James  L. 
Riggs,  naturally  a  timid  man,  had  become  frightened  and  kept  concealed.  His  deputy, 
David  D.  Irons,  was  a  man  of  more  nerve,  and  with  others  that  he  called  to  his  assistance, 


342  HISTORY   OF   PEORIA   COUNTi'. 

sought  to  l)ar  the  approach  of  the  mob  to  the  jail,  but  witliout  effect.  A  part  of  the  mob 
forced  their  way  past  Irons  and  his  assistants  and  secured  possession  of  Williams,  who 
gave  up  without  a  struggle.  Another  part  of  the  mob  seized  the  scaffold,  which  had 
been  erected  in  the  jail  yard,  and  bore  it  out  to  the  center  of  the  street.  When  it  was 
seen  that  the  mob  was  determined  to  take  the  men  from  the  officere,  Brown  was  told  to 
defend  himself  as  best  he  could,  and  right  bravely  did  he  respond.  He  secured  one  leg 
of  a  pair  of  trousei-s,  into  one  end  of  which  he  fastened  a  brick-bat.  The  cell  in  which 
he  was  confined  was  small,  and  he  so  stationed  himself  as  to  be  able  to  strike  a  head  as 
soon  as  it  appeared  within  the  door,  which  had  been  forced.  His  aim  was  so  unerring, 
and  his  weapon  of  defense  so  strong,  that  after  two  or  three  trials  the  attempt  to  drag 
him  out  was  abandoned.  One  man  from  Fulton  county  received  such  a  terrible  blow 
that  he  died  from  the  effects  of  it  soon  after. 

Williams  was  carried  out  to  the  scaffold  and  placed  under  the  beam.  Then  the 
courage  of  the  mob  oozed  out,  and  not  a  man  among  them  was  brave  enough  to  place  the 
rope  around  his  neck.  After  some  parleying  he  was  carried  back  to  the  jail  to  await  a 
legal  execution. 

THE   EXECUTION. 

On  the  19th  day  of  January  the  sentence  of  the  Court  was  legally  carried  into  exe- 
cution, and  Thomas  Brown  and  George  Williams,  in  the  prime  of  their  young  manhood, 
paid  tiie  penalt}-  of  death  for  the  murder  of  a  fellow  man.  The  gallows  from  which  they 
were  hanged  was  erected  on  the  open  prairie  at  a  spot  now  overlooked  by  the  stately 
residence  and  iiandsome  grounds  of  John  Griswold.  The  execution  was  public  and  was 
witnessed  by  no  less  than  ten  thousand  people.  There  were  terraces  of  men  and  women 
all  along  the  bluff  in  the  vicinity  of  the  scaffold,  many  of  whom  had  come  from  long 
distances  to  witness  a  double  death-leap  from  the  scaffold  to  eternity.  When  the  demand 
of  the  law  was  satisfied,  their  bodies  were  cut  down  and  given  to  Dr.  Cooper,  physician 
and  surgeon,  for  the  benefit  of  science. 

The  executed  men  were  poor  and  friendless,  and  when  the}'  were  firet  called  for 
trial,  the  Court  appointed  Halsey  O.  Merriman,  Elihu  N.  Powell,  and  subsequently, 
Norman  H.  Purple,  to  defend  them. 

"  TOM  TIT. " 

HIS  ARREST,  TRIAL  AND  CONVICTION. 

As  soon  as  the  news  of  the  assault  upon  Hewitt  reached  town,  patrol  and  guards 
were  thrown  out  in  every  direction  and  covering  all  the  roads,  with  a  view  ot  preventing 
the  escape  of  any  one  not  well  known  to  the  citizens,  but  not  soon  enough  to  prevent  the 
flight  of  Thomas  Jordan,  alian  "  Tom  Tit, ''  who  had  planned  and  instigated  the  robbery 
and  murder  for  wiiich  Brown  and  Williams  were  executed.  He  was  missing  from  the 
streets  and  his  usual  haunts,  and  it  was  learned  that  a  man  answering  his  description  had 
been  seen  going  down  the  river.  A  search  was  instituted  in  that  direction,  but  he  cov- 
ered his  tracks  so  well,  that  he  was  not  overhauled.  It  was  learned  soon  after,  however, 
that  he  had  gone  to  St.  Louis,  and  from  St.  Louis  he  was  traced  to  New  Orleans. 

At  New  Orleans,  Jordan  told  his  associates  of  the  robbery  and  murder  of  Hewitt,  and 
of  the  part  he  had  taken  in  the  affair,  and  in  time  the  stury  reached  the  ears  of  tlie  police. 
Anticipating  that  a  rcwaid  would  be  offered  for  his  ai>j)rehi-nsi()n,  the  Chief  of  (he  New 
Orleans  police  wrote  to  the  Governor  of  Illinois,  advising  him  of  .Ionian's  presence  in 
that  city,  and  of  his  statement  in  relation  to  his  complicity  in  the  Hewitt  murder.  The 
Governor  communicated  with  the  authorities  at  Peoria,  and  the  respite  was  obtained  as 
already  mentioned. 

William  M.  Dodge  was  appointed  an  agent  to  go  to  New  Orleans  for  Jordan.     The 


HISTORY  OF   PEORIA  COUNTY.  343 

first  evening  he  arrived  there,  he  met  the  Chief  of  Police  at  the  St.  Charles  Hotel,  not 
by  appointment,  but  by  accident,  and  Ills  liusiness  was  soon  made  known.  Jordan  was 
hunted  up  by  the  police,  and  arrested  and  put  in  the  parish  prison  on  a  charge  of 
vagrancy,  and  held  there  till  the  departure  of  an  up  river  boat.  While  at  New  Orleans, 
Mr.  Dodge  learned  that  "  Tom  Tit "  was  a  notorious  wharf-rat  or  river  thief,  and  he  bore 
the  name  of  a  desperado,  although  he  proved  to  be  an  arrant  coward.  He  was  held  in 
prison  until  a  boat  was  ready  to  cut  loose,  when  he  was  ironed  and  hustled  on  board, 
with  the  assurance  that  he  would  be  killed  if  he  attempted  to  escape.  The  removal  of 
"  Tom  Tit  "  from  the  prison  to  the  boat  was  quietly  conducted,  so  as  to  avoid  an  attempt- 
ed rescue  by  the  gang  of  which  he  was  a  member.  As  quietly  as  the  movements  were 
conducted  however,  two  of  his  associates  got  on  the  boat  and  followed  Mr.  Dodge  and 
his  prisoner  to  St.  Louis,  and  at  one  time,  in  the  night  hours,  a  movement  was  made  by 
one  of  the  villains  looking  to  a  rescue,  but  Dodge  "  scented  the  game  "  and  nipped  it  in 
the  bud.  From  St.  Louis  the  way  was  clear,  but  as  they  neared  Peoria,  and  heard  of  the 
attempted  mobbing  of  Williams  and  Brown,  "  Tom  Tit "  became  terribly  frightened,  and 
had  to  be  braced  up  with  brandy.  They  arrived  home  the  morning  of  the  19th  day  of 
January,  the  day  Williams  and  Brown  were  executed,  and  reached  jail  by  a  back  street. 
The  streets  were  filled  with  people  who  had  come  to  see  the  execution,  and  when  the 
conveyance  neared  the  jail.  Dodge  told  "Tom  Tit,  "  who  was  trembling  like  a  leaf,  to  be 
ready  and  jump  as  soon  as  the  wagon  stopped  at  the  front  of  the  jail,  and  get  within  as 
quick  as  he  could.  The  instructions  were  obeyed  and  Jordan  stood  in  the  presence  of 
the  young  men  he  had  brought  to  the  scaffold.  The  identification  was  positive.  "  That's 
the  man,  "  exclaimed  Brown,  as  soon  as  Jordan  appeared  in  his  presence. 

Tom  Tit  was  held  in  jail  to  await  the  action  of  the  grand  jury.  On  Friday,  the  7th 
day  of  March,  1851,  he  was  indicted  for  murder.  He  was  arraigned  for  plea  on  the  8th, 
plead  not  guilty,  and  was  remanded  to  jail  to  await  trial.  On  the  12th  of  May,  Court 
being  again  in  session,  the  grand  jury  returned  another  indictment  against  him,  charging 
him  with  robbery.  On  the  14th  of  May,  1851,  the  indictment  for  murder  was  dismissed. 
On  the  22d  he  was  called  to  the  bar  of  the  Court  to  answer  to  the  charge  of  robbery,  to 
which  he  plead  guilty,  and  was  sentenced  to  the  penitentiary  at  Alton  for  fourteen  years, 
the  first  five  to  solitary  confinement. 

After  his  term  of  imprisonment  but  little  was  heard  from  "Tom  Tit"  for  some  years. 
At  last  he  commenced  to  write  to  Mr.  Dodge  to  interest  him  in  securing  his  pardon.  For 
some  time  Mr.  Dodge  gave  no  heed  to  the  letters.  At  last,  in  1863,  "Tom  Tit"  wrote 
again,  and  assured  Mr.  Dodge  that  if  his  pardon  was  secured,  he  would  enlist  in  the 
army.  Dodge  then  wrote  that,  as  he  had  done  so  much  to  bring  him  back  for  trial,  he 
would  do  what  he  could  to  secure  his  enlargement,  but  that  he  could  do  as  he  pleased 
about  joining  the  army.  The  pardon  was  secured,  and  "  Tom  Tit,"  after  twelve  years  be- 
hind prison  bars,  was  set  at  liberty.  He  kept  bis  jiromise  to  enlist,  and  in  1863  Mr. 
Dodge  received  another  (and  the  last)  letter  from  him,  saying  he  was  in  the  army  of 
the  Potomac,  and  telling  where  a  letter  would  reach  him.  Mr.  Dodge  answered  that 
letter,  but  never  received  any  reply,  and  it  is  inferred  that  he  was  killed  in  battle,  or  died 
from  other  causes,  and  that  "Tom  Tit"  is  no  more. 

THE   MCNULTY   EXECUTION  —  THE   MUEDEB. 

Henry  McNulty  and  his  wife  lived  at  Chillicothe.  He  was  a  man  of  intemperate 
habits,  and,  when  under  the  influence  of  liquor,  was  of  a  quarrelsome  disposition,  and 
frequently  abused  and  maltreated  his  wife,  who  was  an  industrious,  prudent  woman.  His 
conduct  toward  her  was  so  intolerable,  that  she  was  often  forced  to  secure  his  incarcera- 
tion in  jail  that  he  might  sober  up,  but  would  as  often  visit  the  authorities  and  secure 
his  discharge.  Sheriff  Hitchcock  and  George  Puterbaugh,  State's  Attorney,  often  cau- 
tioned her  that  her  life  was  in  danger  from  McNulty,  but  with  the  faith  of  a  woman  who 


344  HISTORY  OF  PEORIA   POUXTY. 

loves  her  liushand,  she  gave  but  little  heed  to  their  warnings.  In  October,  1872,  McNulty 
had  been  on  a  spree,  and  had  been  confined  in  jail  on  complaint  of  his  wife.  About  the 
18th  of  that  montii  liis  wife  came  down  to  Peoria,  secured  iiis  enlargement,  and  gave 
him  money  to  carry  him  up  home.  When  he  was  released  from  jail.  Attorney  George 
Puterbaugh  warned  him  of  the  ultimate  consequences  of  his  reckless  course,  and  tried  to 
prevail  upon  him  to  lead  a  sober  life  in  the  future.  The  kind  words  were  lost,  however, 
for  instead  of  going  home  with  his  wife,  he  remained  in  Peoria,  and  commenced  drinking. 
Sometime  on  the  evening  of  the  19th  he  found  his  way  home,  and  that  night  his  wife 
was  killed.  Suspicion  pointed  directly  to  McNulty.  and  on  the  '20th  he  was  arrested  and 
brought  to  Peoria  and  lodged  in  jail  to  await  the  action  of  the  grand  jury.  On  the  12th 
day  of  November  tliat  body  returned  an  indictment  against  him  charging  him  with  the 
murder.  On  the  loth  he  was  called  to  the  bar  of  the  court,  and  the  indictment  read,  to 
which  he  plead  not  guilty.  The  case  came  on  for  trial  on  the  10th  day  of  December, 
and  on  the  11th  the  case  was  given  to  the  jury,  who  returned  the  following  verdict : 

"  We,  the  jury,  find  the  defendant,  Henry  McNulty,  guilty,  in  the  manner  and  form  as  charged  in  the  indictment 
and  we  further  tind  and  determine  that  the  punishment  of  the  defendant  shall  be  death  by  hanging." 

The  following  named  twelve  men  composed  the  jury  that  signed  McNulty's  death 
warrant:  Charles  A.  Taylor,  Thomas  Lindsav,  Asa  Hicks,  Henry  Warden,  Samuel 
Comegys,  George  T.  Wasson,  M.  S.  Beecher,  John  Minor,  B.  Randall,  B.  K.  Herrington, 
Jacob  F.  Shafer  and  John  P.  Crup. 

Up  to  this  time  McNulty  was  represented  by  A.  M.  Gibbons.  After  the  verdict  of 
the  jury,  O'Brien  &  Harmon  appeared  for  the  condemned  man  and  presented  several 
motions  looking  to  a  stay  of  sentence,  etc.,  but  the  motions  were  all  overruled,  and  the 
law  allowed  to  take  its  course. 

On  the  13th  day  of  December,  1872,  McNulty  was  called  the  bar  for  sentence. 
When  the  usual  forms  had  been  observed.  Judge  Puterbaugh  said : 


o 


"  It  is  ordered  and  adjudged  by  the  court,  that  the  said  Henry  McNulty  be  taken  from  the  bar  of  this  court  to 
the  county  jail  of  this  county,  there  to  be  securely  kept  until  Friday,  the  3d  day  of  January,  1S73,  and  that  on  that 
day.  l>ctween  the  hours  of  eleven  o'clock  in  the  morning  and  two  o'clock  in  the  afternoon,  within  the  walls  of  the  said 
jail,  or  within  a  yard  or  enclosure  adjoining,  the  same  be  hanged  by  the  neck  until  he  is  dead." 

The  execution  of  the  sentence  was  quietly  enforced.  The  gallows  was  erected  in 
the  corridor  of  tlie  jail.  Only  a  few  persons,  those  recognized  by  law,  were  allowed  to 
witness  tlie  terrible  and  awful  spectacle  of  death  by  hanging.  The  instrument  of  death 
was  carefully  arranged.  When  the  last  moment  of  his  time  had  come,  the  catch  was 
sprung,  and  Henry  McNulty,  wiio,  when  sober,  was  a  respectable  appearing  man,  was 
launched  into  eternit}'  to  meet  his  Maker  and  tlie  spirit  of  his  murdered  wife. 

[Pending  the  proceedings  of  the  trial  that  brought  Henry  McNulty  to  a  felon's 
death,  Sabin  D.  Puterbaugh  was  judge;  George  Puterbaugh,  State's  attorney;  George 
A.  Wilson,  clerk ;  and  Frank  Hitchcock,  sheriff.] 

In"lH74  and  the  beginning  of  1875,  Dan.  McCallister  kept  a  low  saloon  and  den  of 
infamy  on  Water  street,  near  the  corner  of  Main.  He  came  to  Peoria  almost,  if  not 
quite  directly,  from  a  term  in  the  Joliet  penitentiary,  and  at  once  entered  upon  a  most 
disrepntal)ie  career.  He  surrounded  himself  with  a  degraded  class  of  nu-n  and  women, 
and  his  den  was  the  hiding  place  and  rendezvous  of  every  thief  and  outlaw  that  came 
this  way.  Tlie  "  Tontine,"  by  which  name  his  saloon  was  known,  soon  fell  under  the 
surveillance  of  the  local  authorities,  and  althougli  tliere  were  man}-  liints  of  dark  and 
damnable  deeds  of  crime  committed  there,  with  liis  knowledge  and  connivance  and  with 
the  knowledge  and  connivance  of  those  he  liarbored,  no  tangible  clue  was  ob- 
tained to  any  of  tliem,  and  his  place  was  permitted  to  remain  a  vice-breeding,  festering 
sink  of  iniquity  until  the  early  part  of  187.5. 


HISTORY   OF   PEORIA   COUXTT.  345 

On  the  evening  of  the  loth  of  April,  1875,  the  "  Tontine  "  was  visited  by  a  man 
named  Joseph  Eads,  his  brother,  and  several  other  men,  all  of  them,  except  the  first 
named,  being  pretty  well  under  the  influence  of  liquor  at  the  time  of  the  visit.  Joseph 
Eads,  as  was  afterwards  shown,  was  perfectly  sober  when  he  went  there,  and  remained 
so  during  the  entire  evening.  It  was  also  shown  that  he  had  gone  there  more  to  per- 
suade his  brother  away  from  the  company  by  which  he  was  surrounded,  than  for  any 
other  purpose. 

During  the  fore  part  of  the  evening  the  party  joined  in  a  dance  in  one  of  the  upper 
rooms  with  the  fallen  women  who  were  gathered  there,  and  the  orgies  ran  high.  Along 
towards  midnight  the  drunken  debauch  broke  up  in  a  row,  andMcCallister  blew  out  the 
lights  and  forced  the  besotted  crowd  out  of  the  house  and  closed  the  door.  In  the  melee 
McCallister  received  a  slight  cut  with  a  knife  or  some  other  sharp  instrument  on  the  back 
of  his  shoulder  or  side.  The  wound  was  slight,  but  sufficient  to  arouse  the  fury  of  his 
demon  nature,  already-  heated  with  whisky,  and  he  followed  out  into  the  street.  Joseph 
Eads  was  standing  a  little  way  up  Main  street,  separate  from  every  one,  and  giving  no 
heed  to  any  thing  around  him.  As  soon  as  McCallister  saw  him  he  rushed  towards  him 
exclaiming  in  bitter  language,  "you  are  the  man  that  cut  me,"  and  at  the  same  time 
drew  his  revolver  and  shot  Eads  to  death. 

McCallister  was  arrested  by  the  police  the  same  night  and  taken  to  the  police  station. 
The  form  of  a  preliminary  examination  was  gone  through  with  before  Justice  Cunning- 
ham, and  McCaUister  was  committed  to  jail  on  the  16th  to  await  the  action  of  the  grand 
jury.  Court  came  on  iu  May,  Judge  Cochran  presiding,  and  on  the  18th  day  of  that 
month  an  indictment  was  returned  against  McCallister,  charging  him  with  the  murder 
of  Joseph  Eads.  He  was  called  to  the  bar  of  the  court  and  the  indictment  read 
to  him,  to  which  he  entered  the  plea  of  not  guilty,  and  was  remanded  for  trial. 

The  character  of  McCallister  and  his  place  was  so  disreputable  as  to  be  a  bar  against 
any  degree  of  public  sympathy  in  his  favor,  a  fact  well  known  to  him  and  his  counsel, 
and  he  refused  to  go  to  trial  in  Peoria  county,  and  asked  for  and  obtained  a  change  of 
venue. 

The  case  was  sent  to  Mason  county,  Havana,  the  seat  of  justice,  and  the  trial  came 
on  there  at  the  February  term  of  the  Circuit  Court,  1876.  The  State's  attorney  was  as- 
sisted in  the  prosecution  by  X.  E.  Wofthington,  of  Peoria,  and  S.  P.  Shope,  of  Lewis- 
ton,  who  were  employed  and  paid  by  an  appropriation  made  for  that  purpose,  by  the 
Board  of  Supervisors.  The  defense  was  conducted  by  Messrs.  Thomas  Cratty  and  L. 
W.  James,  of  Peoria,  and  W.  W.  O'Brien,  of  Chicago.  The  counsel  for  the  people  and 
for  the  defendant  were  pretty  evenly  matched,  and  the  contest  was  measured  almost 
||  word  by  word.     McCallister's  life  was  at  stake,  but  with  a  liberal  use  of  his  ill-gotten 

money  and  the  ingenuity  of  the  best  legal  talent  in  the  State,  he  hoped  to  baffle  the 
ends  of  justice  and  gain  a  new  lease  of  life.  The  people  of  Peoria  were  equally  de- 
termined that  he  should  be  prosecuted  to  the  utmost  extent  of  the  law,  and  were  not 
sparing  of  money  or  the  employment  of  counsel  to  ensure  a  thorough  prosecution.  The 
trial,  because  of  the  notoriously  bad  character  of  McCallister,  and  the  eminent  and  well- 
known  ability  of  the  attorneys  engaged,  attracted  general  attention,  and  lasted  several 
days.  At  last,  however,  the  evidence  was  concluded,  arguments  ended,  and  the  case 
given  to  the  jury,  who  found  McCallister  guilty  of  murder  and  he  was  sentenced  to  the 
penitentiary  for  the  remainder  of  his  natural  life. 
I  Thus  was  removed  from  the  city  of  Peoria  and  from  societ)'  elsewhere,  one  of  the 

'  most  dangerous  characters  known  in  the  history  of  the  county  —  not  alone  because  he 

was  a  murderer,  but  because  of  his  naturally  depraved  disposition,  and  his  ability  to  plan 
and  execute,  through  those  by  whom  he  was  surrounded,  the  darkest  and  most  infamous 
crimes  known  to  men.  He  reveled  in  dissipation,  debaucher}-,  corruption,  dishonest}- 
and  prostitution.    Inside  of  his  house  the  life  of  no  one  was  safe.    Outside,  no  one  woidd 


34fi  niSTOin    OK   F'KOIUA   fOUNTV 

take  him  for  the  desperado  that  he  was.  His  presence  among  young  men,  whose  habits 
were  miitiirin^,  was  like  the  poison  of  a  upas  tree.  Even  among  older  and  better  ma- 
tureil  minds,  his  presence  was  not  without  evil  influences.  And  it  is  to  be  hoped  no 
community  will  ever  sanction  and  that  no  Governor  will  ever  prostitute  the  pardoning 
power  to  his  enlargement.  He  is  a  fit  companion  to  Rande.  Together  let  them  be  for- 
ever immured  within  prison  walls  where  they  will  be  powerless  for  evil  to  the  moral  and 
physical  well-being  of  their  fellow-men. 

CRIMINAL     STATISTICS  —  CONVICTIONS. 

The  following  bulletin  of  criminal  statistics  is  compiled  from  the  Sheriffs  record, 
and  shows  the  number  of  convictions  for  the  crimes  enumerated,  from  March  17,  1869, 
to  December  31,  18T'J. 

To  the  Penitentiary — Larcenj',  \'20 ;  burglary,  oO  ;  rape,  4;  false  pretenses,  2; 
murder,  1  ;  robbery,  l.j  ;  confidence  games,*  1  ;  forgery,  5  ;  bigamy,  4;  incest  1 ;  assault 
with  intent  to  kill,  14  ;  perjury.  1  ;  horse  stealing,  3 ;  libel,  1 — total  in  ten  years,  "JIS. 

In  the  same  period  of  time,  378  persons  have  been  confined  in  the  county  jail.  These 
imprisonments  represent  all  grades  of  petty  crimes  and  misdemeanors — vagrancy,  petit 
larceny,  drunks,  riot,  etc.  The  terms  of  imprisonment  ranged  from  a  few  hours  to  twelve 
months.  Five  of  the  number  were  sentenced  to  the  jail  by  the  U.  S.  Court.  Thirty-five 
of  the  remainder  were  mere  boys,  and  were  sent  from  the  jail  to  the  Reform  School  for 
from  two  to  five  years.  A  goodly  per  cent,  of  the  number  incarcerated  in  the  jail  in  the 
last  few  years  were  tramps — graceless  scamps  that  never  find  work  to  suit  them — who 
want  to  cut  ice  in  dog-days,  and  harvest  wheat  and  make  hay  in  mid-winter. 


Official  Recobd  —  182o  to  1880. 


FIKST   ELECTION. 


The  first  election  for  county  oflScers  was  held  on  the  7th  day  of  March,  1825.  After 
that,  until  1848,  general  elections  were  held  in  August.  Under  the  amendments  to  the 
constitution  in  1848,  the  time  of  holding  elections  was  changed  to  the  first  Tuesday  after 
the  first  Monday  in  November. 

COUNTY    COMMISSION  EUS. 

March  7,  1825  —  Nathan  Dillon,  Joseph  Smith,  William  Holland. 

August,  182G  —  Nathan  Dillon,  William  Holland,  John  Hamlin.  At  the  June  term 
1827,  till'  names  of  fieorge  Sharji  and  Hcniy  Thomas  appear  in  place  of  Nathan  Dillon 
and  William  Holland. 

August  4,  1828 —  Isaac  Egman  and  Francis  Thomas  were  elected,  and  with  George 
Sharp  made  a  full  board. 

September  term  1830,  George  Sharp,  John  Hamlin  and  Stephen  French  qualified  as 
commissioners.  At  a  special  election,  .August  4.  1831,  Resolved  Cleveland  was  elected 
to  fill  a  vacancy  in  the  boui'd  caused  by  the  death  of  tJeorgi-  Sharp.  At  another  special 
election  on  the  ath  of  Deccmlier,  John  Coyle  was  elected  to  fill  the  place  of  John  Ham- 
lin, resigned.  Stephen  French  also  resigned  at  the  beginning  of  the  year,  1832,  and  at  a 
special  election  on  the  5th  of  March,  Aiiuila  Wren  was  elected  to  the  vacancy. 

August,  1832  —  Edwin  S.  Jones  was  elected,  who,  with  Wren  and  Coyle,  made  a  full 
board. 

August  4,  1S34  —  John  (^>yle,  Orin  Hamlin  and  Andrew    lliarp. 

August  1,  I83t> —  William  J.  Phelps,  Aijuila  Wren,  Samuel  T.  McKean. 
*So  booked  on  the  jail  record,  but  trial  and  conviction  rollowed  on  >omc  other  charge. 


PEORIA 


HISTORY   OP   PEORIA  COUNTY.  347 

August,  1838  —  Clark  D.  Powell,  Smith  Frye,  Moses  Harlon.  After  this  date  the 
Commissioners  served  one,  two  and  three  years  eacli,  drawing  for  terms  at  the  first  meet- 
ing after  election,  so  that  only  one  Commissioner  was  elected  annuall}'  thereafter,  unless 
to  fill  vacancies.  Under  this  rule  there  was  always  two  members  of  the  Board,  unless  in 
case  of  death  or  resignation,  who  were  familiar  with  the  routine  of  county  business,  the 
oldest  member  presiding. 

August,  1839  —  Clark  D.  Powell. 

January  10,  1840 — William  Hale,  elected  to  fill  the  place  of  Moses  Harlon  elected 
to  the  Legislature. 

August,  1840  —  Nathaniel  Chapin. 

August  1,  1841— Smith  Frye. 

August,  1842 — Thomaa  P.  Smith  and  Clementius  Ewalt,  one  to  fill  the  vacancy 
caused  by  the  resignation  of  Smith  Frye,  elected  Sheriff. 

August,  1843  —  William  Dawson. 

August,  1844 — Clementius  Ewalt. 

August  4,  1845  —  Thomas  P.  Smith. 

August  3,  1846 — Thomas  Mooney. 

August  2,  1847 — James  L.  Riggs. 

August  7,  1848  —  Joseph  Ladd. 

COUNTY   JUDGES. 

Februar}'  12,  1849,  the  Legislature  passed  a  law  creating  a  County  Court.  Section 
one  of  this  law  provided  "'that  there  should  be  established  in  each  of  the  counties  of  this 
State,  now  created  and  organized,  or  which  may  hereafter  be  created  or  organized,  a 
court  of  Record,  to  be  styled  the  '  County  Court, '  to  be  held  and  consist  of  one  judge, 
to  be  styled  the  '  County  Judge.'  "  Section  seventeen  of  the  same  act  [sec.  p.  307-10, 
Statutes  of  1858]  provided  for  the  election  of  two  additional  justices  of  the  peace,  whose 
jurisdiction  should  be  co-extensive  with  the  counties,  etc.,  and  who  should  sit  with  the 
county  judge  as  members  of  the  Court,  for  the  transaction  of  all  count}'  business  and  none 
other.     Elections  under  this  law  were  as  follows : 

November,  1849 — Thomas  Bryant,  Judge;  Joseph  Ladd  and  John  McFarland 
associate  judges. 

The  Court  was  succeeded  in  the  management  of  County  business  by  the  Board  of 
Supervisors  in  April  1850.  Its  last  meeting,  however,  was  on  the  4th  of  June  of  that 
year  when  their  ''docket"  was  closed  up  and  turned  over  to  the  Supervisors. 

COUNTY  CLERKS. 

For  some  years  after  the  count}-  was  organized,  the  position  of  County  Clerk  was 
filled  by  appointment  by  the  Board  of  County  Commissioners.  At  the  first  meeting  of 
the  Commissioners,  March  8,  1825,  Norman  Hyde  was  appointed  to  be  clerk  to  the  Board. 
Hyde  resigned  between  the  time  of  that  and  the  June  meeting,  when  John  Dixon  was 
appointed,  his  appointment  bearing  date  June  8.  Dixon  served  until  May,  1830,  when 
he  resigned,  and  Stephen  Stillraan  was  appointed  to  the  vacancy,  June  6,1831.  Isaac 
Waters  was  appointed,  viee  Stillman  resigned.  At  the  May  meeting  of  the  Board,  Wil- 
liam Mitchell  was  appointed  clerk  pro  ten,  and  June  1,  he  was  duly  appointed  to  the 
place  vice  Isaac  Waters  removed  because  of  age  and  infirmity.  Mitchell  served  until  suc- 
ceeded at  the  November  election  b}'  Charles  Kettelle.  Kettelle  continued  to  hold  the 
office  until  succeeded  by  the  present  incumbent,  Colonel  John  D.  McClure,  who  was 
elected  in  November,  1865 ;  re-elected  November  1869,  November  1873,  and  November, 
1877.  His  term  of  office  will  expire  November,  1881.  Colonel  McClure's  repeated 
election  to  this  important  office  is  good  evidence  of  his  worth  as  a  citizen  and  fidelity  as 
a  public  official. 


348  HIRTOUY    OF    PKOKIA   POrNTY 

Robert  Kennedy,  the  chief  deputy  has  been  in  the  oflSce  since  January,  1869,  and  by 
his  experience  and  iiidiistry,  is  as  familiar  with  the  duties  of  the  oflBce  as  his  superior. 

Samuel  A.  Livingston,  the  recording  clerk,  has  filled  that  position  since  January, 
1877. 

These  gentlemen  are  well  known  and  highly  appreciated  by  all  who  have  had  busi- 
ness in  the  office,  for  tlieir  promptness,  efficiency  and  universal  courtesy.  To  them,  as 
well  as  to  tiieir  cliief.  the  writer  is  under  obligations  for  repeated  favors  and  kindnesses 
while  overhauling  the  records  of  the  office  for  information  for  this  volume. 

SHERIFFS. 

First  election  March  7,  1825  —  Samuel  Fulton  ;  re-elected  August,  1826. 

August,  1828  —  Orin  Hamlin. 

August,  I8:i0 —  Henrv  B.  Stillman. 

August,  1832  — John  "W.  Caldwell. 

August,  1834  —  William  Compher,  resigned,  and  at  a  special  election  October  6, 
1835,  Thomas  Bryant  was  elected  to  fill  out  the  unexpired  term. 

August,  183ii  —  Thomas  Bryant;  re-elected  August,  1838. 

August,  1840  —  Christopher  Orr. 

August,  1842  —  Smith  Frye  ;  re-elected  August,  1K44. 

August,  I84ti  —  William  Cumi)her  ;  re-elected  August,  1848  ;  defaulted  and  fled  the 
country,  leaving  Clark  Cleveland,  his  deputy,  in  charge.  It  was  claimed  that  Compher 
would  "return,  but  when  it  Itecame  known  that  he  would  not,  suits  were  brought  and  the 
Court  appointed  John  A.  McCoy  as  elisor.     Time  of  holding  elections  changed. 

November,  lH-')0  —  James  L.  Riggs. 

November,  18.')2  —  Leonard  B.  Cornwell. 

November,  18")4 — David  D.  Irons. 

November,  1856  —  Francis  W.  Smith. 

November,  1858 — John  Bryner. 

November,  1860  —  James  Stewart ;  re-elected  November  election,  1862. 

November,  18tJ4  —  George  C.  McFaddeu. 

November,  1866  —  Frank  Hitchcock. 

November,  1868  — Samuel  L.  Gill. 

November,  1870  —  Frank  Hitchcock;  re-elected  in  November,  1872,  1874,  1876, 
1878 ;  term  expires  in  November,  1880. 

CORONERS. 

August,  1830  —  Resolved  Cleveland. 

August,  1832  — William  A.  Stewart. 

August,  1834  —  Jacob  Egmaii. 

August,  1836— R.  B.  Hamlin.  At  a  special  election,  Marcii  16,  1837,  E.  F. 
Nowland  was  chosen,  vice  Hamlin,  resigned. 

August,  1838 — E.  F.  Nowland.  Nowland  refused  to  serve,  and  at  a  special  election, 
October  1,  1H38,  Jes-se  Miles  was  elected  to  the  vacancy.  May  15,  1840.  James  Moss- 
man,  vice  Miles. 

August,  1840 — James  Mossman. 

August,  1842  —  Cliesler  Hamlin. 

August,  1844  —  Jeremiali  Williams.     Re-electtd  in  August,  1846. 

August,  1H4H  —  John  ('.  Meyl.     Time  of  holding  election  ciianged. 

November,  iMoO — Charles  Kenible. 

November,  1852 — Ephraim  Hiiiniaii.     Re-elected  November,  1854. 

November,  1856  —  Milton  MiCormick. 

November,  1858  — John  M.  Niglas,  M.I).     Re-elected  November,  1860. 


HISTORY   OF   PEORIA   COUNTY.  349 

November.  1862  —  Charles  Feinse. 

November,  1864  —  Tliomas  Antcliff.  Died  in  office,  and  April  4,  1865,  was  suc- 
ceeded by  Willis  B.  Goodwin. 

November,  1866  —  Willis  B.  Goodwin. 

November,  1868  —  Philip  Eichorn. 

November,  1870 —  Willis  B.  Goodwin  ;  re-elected  in  November,  1872  and  1874. 

November,  1876  —  M.  M.  Powell ;  re-elected  in  1878  ;  term  of  office  expires,  1880. 

TREASURERS. 

At  the  first  meeting  of  the  first  Board  of  County  Commissioners,  Aaron  Hawley  was 
appointed  trea;'.urer.  The  first  election  of  treasurer,  of  which  we  have  easy  accessi- 
ble knowledge,  was  — 

August,  1837  —  Rudolphus  Rouse.  He  was  succeeded  by  Ralph  Hamlin,  by  ap- 
pointment, May  15,  183S. 

August,  1839  — Joseph  Fuller. 

August,  1841  —  Charles  Ketelle  ;  served  six  years. 

August,  1847  —  Ralph  Hamlin;  re-elected  November,  1849. 

November,  1851  —  John  A.  McCoy;  re-elected  November,  1853. 

November,  1855 — Joseph  Ladd  ;  re-elected  November,  1857. 

November,  1859 — Isaac  Brown;  re-elected  November,  1861. 

November,  1863  — 

November,  1865 — Allan  L.  Fahnestock. 

November,  1867 — Thomas  A.  Shaver. 

November,  1869  —  Edwin  C.  Sillimon. 

November,  1871  —  Isaac  Taylor  ;  still  serving. 

SURVEYORS  —  COMMENCING   WITH    1835. 

August,  1835  —  Thomas  Phillips. 

August,  1839  —  George  C.  McFadden  ;  re-elected  in  August,  1843  and  1847. 
November,  1849  —  Henry  W.  McFadden;  re-elected  in  November,  1851. 
November,  1853  —  Daniel  B.  Allen  ;  re-elected  in  Novemlier,  1855. 
November,  1 857  —  Samuel  Farmer. 

November,  1859  —  Richard  Russell;  re-elected  in  November,  1861. 
November,  1863  — 
November,  1865  —  Luther  Nash.' 
November,  1867  —  Charles  Spaulding. 

November,  1869— Arthur  T.  Burket ;  re-elected  in  November,  1871  and  1873. 
November,  1875  —  Robert  Will;  succeeded  April  4,  1876,  by  David  B.  Allen,  who 
is  still  serving  at  this  date,  January,  1880. 

RECORDERS. 

Charles  was  chosen  recorder  August    12,    1835,  and    held  the  office     until  a 

change  in  the  law,  by  which  that  office  was  united  with  the  office  of  circuit  clerk,  under 
the  constitution  of  1848. 

CIRCUIT   COURT   CLERKS. 

The  early  county  clerks  served  as  clerks  to  the  Circuit  Court.  The  first  clerk  under 
the  constitution  of  1848  was  Jacob  Gale,  whose  term  of  office  commenced  in  September, 
1848.     He  was  re-elected  in  1852. 

November,  1856 — Enoch  P.  Sloan  ;  re-elected  in  November,  1860. 

November,  1864  —  Thomas  Mooney. 

November,  1868 —  George  A.  Wilson;  re-elected  in  November,  1872. 


350  HISTORY    OF   PEOKIA   COUNTY. 

November,  1876  —  John  A.  West.  His  deputies  are  Charles  Ulrich,  Harry  C.  Bes- 
tor,  John  Q.  Bone,  and  Rudolph  Pfeiffer. 

COUKTY   JUDGES. 

The  title  of  this  office  was  first  designated  as  Probate  Justice  of  the  Peace,  and  had 
jurisdiction  of  all  matters  pertaining  to  estates  of  decedents,  guardianship,  etc. 

Norman  Hyde,  tlie  first  Judge  of  Probate  in  Peoria  county,  was  elected  to  the  posi- 
tion by  the  joint  vote  of  the  Legislature  in  January,  1825.  He  was  commissioned  by 
Governor  Edward  Coles,  and  qualified  before  Jolm  Dixon,  Clerk  to  the  County  Commis- 
sioners, June  4,  182.5.  His  first  official  entry  was  made  June  6,  1825,  the  day  fixed  by 
law  for  the  regular  transaction  of  probate  business.  His  last  official  entry  appears  under 
date  of  February  6,  1832.  He  died  in  the  latter  part  of  1832.  His  will  wa.<  probated 
November  21st,  1832.  He  was  unmarried,  and  bequeathed  his  property  to  his  father, 
mother,  brothers  and  nephews. 

Mr.  Hyde  was  succeeded  by  A.  M.  Hunt,  by  appointment  of  Governor  John  Rey- 
nolds, A.  P.  Field,  Secretary  of  State.  The  commission  was  dated  November  10,  1832. 
Between  the  close  of  Judge  Hyde's  official  career  and  this  date,  the  Black  Hawk  war 
wa.s  the  all  absorbing  topic,  and  but  little  business  of  any  kind  was  transacted.  Judge 
Hunt's  official  service  commenced  with  a  special  term,  November  15,  1832.  He  served 
five  years,  and  died  August  12,  1853. 

George  B.  Parker  was  elected  to  succeed  Judge  Hunt,  August  7,  1837,  and  was  the 
first  election  of  probate  judge  by  the  voters  of  the  county.  His  first  official  records  were 
made  under  date  of  October  2,  l837,  and  his  last  under  liate  of  May  20,  1839. 

Edward  Dickinson  was  elected  August  7, 1839,  and  held  his  first  term  of  court  Sep- 
tember 2,  1839.     His  last  official  act  appears  under  date  of  Julv  24,  1843.     He  died  July 

6,  1866. 

Judge  Dickinson  was  succeeded  by  William  H.  Fessenden,  who  was  elected  August 

7,  1843,  and  held  his  first  term  September  30,  1843.     His  judgeship  closed  July  29,  1847. 
Fessenden  died  December  23,  1848. 

Thomas  Brj'ant  came  next,  and  was  elected  August  2,  1847.  In  1849  the  jurisdic- 
tion of  this  court  was  extended  (see  p.  307-10,  statutes  of  1858).  There  is  no  report  of 
an  election  of  probate  judge  in  November,  1851,  but  the  election  returns  for  November, 
1853,  show  Judge  Bryant  to  have  been  re-elected  that  year,  and  the  subsequent  records 
that  he  served  until  November,  1857,  when  he  was  succeeded  by  Wellington  Loucks.  At 
this  time  the  county  judge  had  jurisdiction  of  all  common  law  matters,  but  in  1860-61, 
the  jurisdiction  was  diminished  by  act  of  the  Legislature,  and  confined  exclusively  to 
probate  matters,  assignments,  insanity,  insolvencies  and  matters  of  eminent  domain. 
After  the  change,  Judge  Loucks  resigned,  and  at  a  special  election,  June  3, 1861,  John  C. 
Folliolt  was  chosen  to  tiie  vacancy  and  filled  out  tlie  unexpired  term,  until  November, 
1861,  and  was  then  elected  for  a  full  terra  of  four  yeai-s,  till  Novemlier,  1865.  Judge 
Bryant  died  May  17,  1872. 

The  present  incumbent,  Jolm  C.  Yates,  succeeded  Judge  F'oUiott,  and  was  first 
elected  at  the  November  election,  1865,  and  re-elected  in  November,  1869,  November, 
1873,  and  November,  1877.  His  term  of  office  will  expire  in  November,  1881.  Term  of 
office  four  years. 

Of  the  ex-probate  judges,  onl}- two  are  living.  Judge  Loucks,  on  liis  farm  in  Rich- 
woods,  and  Judge  Folliott,  at  his  residence  on  Nortli  Adams  street,  Peoria. 


1^2-^0^ 


HISTORY   OF   PEORIA   COUNTY.  361 


CHAIBMBN    BOAKD   OF   SUPEEVISORS. 

[Klccted  Annually  at  the  first  meeting  after  the  April  Election.] 
1850 — Samuel  Dimon,  Kickapoo.        1S60 — Benjamin  Slane,  Akron. 


1871  —  H.  G.  Anderson,  Peoria. 

1872  —  John  A.  McCoy,  Millbrook. 

1873  —  John  A.  McCoy, 

1874  —  John  A.  McCoy. 
1875 — John  A.  McCoy,        " 

1876  —  John  A.  McCoy, 

1877  —  John  A.  McCoy,        " 

1878  —  John  A.  McCoy, 

1879  —  John  A.  McCoY.f      " 


1851  — Benjamin  Slane.  Akron.  1861  — Levi  Booth,  Chillicothe. 

1852  —  Benjamin  Slane,      "  1862 — Levi  Booth,  " 

1853  —  Benjamin  Slane.      "  1863 — Levi  Booth, 

1854  —  Joseph  Ladd,  Timber.  1864  —  Thomas  A.  Shaver,  Trivoli. 

1855  —  T.  C.  Moore,  Peoria.  1865  —  William  M.  Dodge,  Peoria. 

1856  —  T.  C.  Moore,       "  1866 — Htu-,n  Armson,  Klmwood. 

1857  —  Alva  Dunlap,  Radnor.  1S67  —  Samuel  Tart,  Peoria. 

1858  —  George  Jenkins,  Holli.s.  1868 ^Samuel  Tart. 
1859—  Benjamin  Slane,  Akron.  1870 —  M.  Van  P/ETTER.*  Trivoli. 

Col.  Jf.HN  D.  McClure  has  been  clerk  of  the  Board  since  the  December  meeting,  1S65. 

COUNTY  SCHOOL  OFFICERS. 

Under  the  first  school  laws  of  Illinois,  the  schools  of  the  county  were  under  the 
supervision  of  a  School  Commissioner,  who  was  elected  biennially.  This  regim^  pre- 
vailed until  1865,  when  the  law  creating  the  office  of  County  School  Superintendent 
took  effect,  to  be  elected  once  in  four  years.  The  following  is  the  list  of  school  officers, 
with  the  term  of  service  of  each,  from  1851 : 

Commissioners.  Ephraim  Hinman,  Nov.,  1851,  to  Nov.,  1855 ;  David  McColloch, 
Nov.,  1855,  to  Nov.,  1859;  Charles  Taggart,  Nov.,  1859,  to  Nov.,  1863.  William  G. 
Randall  was  elected  in  Nov.,  1863,  but  from  some  irregularity  he  resigned  before  his 
term  of  office  expired,  and  N.  E.  Worthington  was  appointed  to  fill  the  vacancy.  In 
November,  1865,  Mr.  Worthington  was  elected  the  first  of  the 

County  School  Superintendents,  and  served  until  Nov.,  1873,  two  terms.  Miss  Mary 
W.  Whiteside  was  next  elected,  and  filled  the  office  very  acceptably  till  Nov.,  1877, 
when  James  E.  Pillsbury,  the  present  gentlemanly  and  efficient  officer,  was  elected,  and 
serves  till  Nov.,  1881. 


CHAPTER  XIII. 

WAR  RECORD.         ^ 

Three  Wars— Black  Hawk  War—  Mexican  War—  War  of  the  Rebellion  — War  Record  of  Peoria  County. 

Since  Americans  began  to  occupy  the  land  of  the  Peorias  in  the  Spring  of  1819,  three 
wars  have  disturbed  the  peaceful  pursuits  of  the  country  —  the  Black  Hawk  war  of 
1832,  the  Mexican  war  in  1846-7,  and  the  war  of  the  rebellion,  1861-5.  In  each  of 
these  conflicts  the  sons  of  Peoria  sustained  a  gallant  and  conspicuous  part. 

When,  on  the  6th  day  of  April,  1832,  Black  Hawk  and  his  followers  invaded  Illinois 
from  Iowa,  there  were  only  seventy-five  men  in  Peoria  county,  subject  to  military  duty. 
When  this  work  was  commenced  it  was  hoped  that  the  names  of  the.se  men  could  be  ob- 
tained from  the  old  muster  rolls,  but  the  hope  was  a  vain  one.  There  are  no  papers 
among  the  county  records  on  which  their  names  were  preserved,  and  a  letter  of  inquiry 

*  Mr.  Van  Pxtter  was  killed  by  the  cars  while  crossing  the  railroad  track  at  Fnrmirglon,  Fulton  county,  wilh 
a  wagon  loaded  with  lumber,  on  the  6th  day  of  January,  1871,  and  John  Waugh,  of  Peoiia,  was  chosen  to  the  vacant 
chairmanship  for  the  balance  of  the  year. 

f  Mr.  McCoy  was  badly  gored  by  a  vicious  bull  on  his  farm  in  Millbroc-k  alout  ihe  lolh  of  September,  iS-g, 
and  died  from  the  effects  of  the  wounds  received,  on  the  13th  of  ihat  month.  His  ability  and  popularity  as  a  pre- 
siding officer  is  evidenced  in  the  fact  of  his  being  elected  to  the  chairmanship  of  the  Beard  so  olien  in  succtssicn. 
Joseph  Armstrong,  of  Princeville,  was  elected  to  fill  the  chair  made  vacant  by  his  dtalh. 


3.52 


HISTORY  OF   PEORIA   COINTY. 


was  addressed  to  the  Adjutant-General  of  the  State,  at  Springfield,  and  another  tx)  the 
Adjutant-General's  office  at  Washington,  and  their  names  were  not  to  be  found  on  any 
records  at  either  place. 

Having  thus  exhausted  all  official  sources  of  information,  i-ecourse  was  had  to  the 
memory  of  Mr.  John  Stringer,  of  Kickapoo  township,  who  was  a  corporal  in  the  Peoria 
company  that  served  for  two  months  or  sixty  days  in  the  second  campaign  against  Black 
Hawk  and  his  forces,  who  furnishes  the  following  names  from  among  the  seventy-five 
subject  to  military  duty  at  that  time : 


Akin,  Thomas. 
BLinchard,  William. 
Caldwell,  .\lexander. 
Caldwell.  John  W. 
Carroll,  Sieve. 
Clifton.  John. 
Cleveland.  Hiram. 
Cleveland,  John. 
Curry,  Hiram. 
Coyle,  John. 
Doty,  Elisha. 
Doty,  James. 
Du.Mont.  Peter. 
Eads,  Abner. 
Ewalt,  John. 
Essex,  Thoma.s. 


Keltoii,  Joseph. 
Fulton,  Josiah. 
Hinkle,  John. 
Hincs,  Jack. 
Harkness,  Ed. 
Harkness,  James. 
Johnson.  John,  Sr. 
Love.  John. 
Langworthy,  Dr. 
MotTatt,  .-Vquilla. 
.Moffatt,  Alva. 
McCormack.  Levi. 
Meredith.  Joseph. 
Nicholson,  John. 
Parr,  Thomas. 
Ridgeway,  David. 


Ridgeway,  John. 
Reed,  Simon. 
Root,  Lucas. 
Read,  Thomas. 
Stringer,  John. 
Sharp.  Frank. 
Slillman.  Henry  B. 
Smilb.  W.  M. 
Stewart.  William. 
Thomas,  Frank. 
Trial.  William. 
Van  Tassel.  Alonio. 
Wright,  William. 
Wren.  Aquilla. 


Out  of  the  number  of  men  liable  to  military  duty,  a  company  of  fifty  men  was 
raised  under  the  call  of  Governor  Reynolds  for  troops  to  defend  tiie  State.  As  far  as 
remembered,  this  company  was  officered  as  follows: 

Aljner  Eads,  captain  ;  William  Stewart,  first  lieutenant ;  John  W.  Caldwell,  second 
lieutenant ;  John  Hinkle,  orderly  sergeant ;  John  Stringer,  corporal ;  Stephen  Carroll, 
flag  bearer  ;  Asahel  Langworthy,  surgeon. 

This  company,  a  part  of  the  time,  was  assigned  to  guard  the  country  between  Peoria 
and  the  Mississippi  and  Rock  rivers.  It  was  present  at  the  Stillman's  Run  affair,  and 
among  the  last  to  leave  tliat  field  of  disaster. 

The  men  with  horses  and  guns  were  allowed  one  dollar  per  day.  They  were  mus- 
tered out  in   the  early  part  of  June,  1832,  and  were  paid  off  in  Januarv  or   February, 

is.sa. 


IN  THE   MEXICAN   WAR, 

In  1846  the  United  States  l)e('ame  involved  in  a  war  witii  Mexico.  There  had  been 
nothing  to  disturb  the  tranquillity  of  the  country  since  the  Black  Hawk  troubles  of  1832. 
Another  generation  of  3'oung  men  had  come  to  the  front,  and  the  prospect  of  a  brush 
with  Mexico  offered  a  little  excitement  and  a  change  from  tlie  quiet  routine  of  farm  and 
shop  life  —  an  excitement  peculiarly  relishable  to  the  average  .\iiierican. 

The  army  of  ti)e  West  was  organized  under  the  administration  of  President  Polk  in 
1846,  with  tlie  object  of  contiuoring  New  Mexico  an<l  California.  In  organizing  this 
army,  a  call  was  made  on  Illinois  for  —  regiments.  As  in  the  call  for  six  regiments 
under  President  Lincoln's  proclamation  for  seventy-five  thousand  men  for  three  months 
at  the  beginning  of  the  great  American  rebellion,  more  men  were  offered  than  coidd  be 
accepted.  Colonel  May,  of  tliis  county,  raised  a  company  ami  mustered  in  Peoria  pre- 
paratory to  starting  for  the  place  of  rendezvous,  but  just  before  the  hour  fixed  for 
leaving,  he  received  notice  that  his  company  could  not  be  accepted,  so  his  men  marched 
home  again. 

The  women  at  that  time,  as  before  and  since,  were  full  of  patriotic  ardor,  and  gave 


HISTORY   OF   PEORIA  COUNTY.  353 

their  influence  to  the  encouragement  of  enlistments.     And  about  the  time  Colonel  Ma_v's 
company  was  advertised  to  muster  at  Peoria  to  start  for  Mexico,  a  number  of  them 

assembled  at  the  residence  of  Mrs. Gray,  now  living  at   105  North   Monroe  street, 

and  made  a  handsome  silk  flag   for  presentation  to  the  company.     Among  the  number 

engaged  in  that  work  was  Mrs. Tobes,*  and  her  daughter ,  now  Mrs. ,  and 

living  in  Chicago ;    Mrs. Morsman,*  Mrs.  William  Dodge,  still  living  in  Peoria ; 

Mrs. Armstrong,  librarian   Peoria    Mercantile  Library  ;    Miss Pickett  ;*  Mrs. 

Isaac  Underbill. 

"  BOUND   TO    BE   A   SOLDIER." 

D.  C.  Frazer,  one  of  the  present  justices  of  the  peace  in  Peoria,  was  then  a  young 
man,  full  of  impetuosity  and  military  ardor,  and  couldn't  wait  the  movements  of  Colonel 
May's  company  organization.  He  hurried  away  to  Pekin  to  join  a  company  being  raised 
in  that  county  by  Captain  E.  Jones,  which  was  fortunate  enough  to  be  accepted.  That 
company  was  mustered  in  as  Company  G,  of  (^olonel  E.  D.  Baker's  Fourth  Regiment 
Illinois  Volunteer  Infantry.  Frazer  enlisted  in  June,  1846  ;  and  was  mustered  out  at 
New  Orleans  in  June,  1847. 

MEXICAN    VETERANS. 

There  came  with  the  tide  of  immigration  to  Peoria  and  vicinity,  quite  a  number  of 
men  who  had  taken  part  in  the  Mexican  war,  and  as  year  was  added  to  year,  these 
veterans  fell  in  with  each  other,  and  it  was  only  natural  that  a  deep-seated  and  warm- 
hearted friendship  should  spring  up  between  them,  notwithstanding  they  were  sons  of 
different  States,  had  been  members  of  different  companies  and  different  regiments  and 
that  they  had  never  seen  each  other  until  their  chance  meetings  at  Peoria.  In  1874  it 
was  found  there  was  quite  a  number  of  tliese  heroes  residing  in  Peoria  county — almost 
enough  of  them  to  form  a  full  regulation  company — and  it  was  determined  to  form  them- 
selves into  a  society  to  be  known  as  the 

CENTRAL   ILLINOIS   ASSOCIATION   OF   MEXICAN   VETERANS. 

The  first  meeting  of  the  members  of  this  association  was  held  at  the  Peoria  court- 
house, September  8,  1874.  S.  O.  White  presided,  and  D.  C.  Frazei'  acted  as  scribe. 
Messrs.  Bush,  Frazer  and  Drury  were  ajipointed  a  committee  on  resolutions  and  to  secure 
excursion  rates  for  the  delegates  chosen  by  the  veterans  then  in  session  to  represent  them 
in  the  State  Convention  of  their  old  comrades  at  Bloomington  on  the  23d  and  24th. 
Comrades  Heinike,  Burt,  Drury,  White,  Frazer,  Sheppard  and  Sullivan  were  appointed 
as  such  delegates. 

Resolved,  That  the  surviving  soldiers  and  sailors,  of  the  Mexican  War  residing  in  this  and  adjoining  counties 
organize  themselves  into  a  society  for  further  re-unions  for  social  purposes  and  to  consider  their  claims  on  the  gov- 
ernment for  a  pension. 

The  second  meeting  of  which  there  is  an}-  record,  was  held  on  the  18th  of  Ma}',  1876, 
S.  O.  White  presiding.  At  this  meeting,  on  motion  of  R.  W.  Burt,  the  name  of  "  Cen- 
tral Illinois  Association  of  Veterans  of  the  Mexican  War,"  was  adopted.  Messrs.  R.  W. 
Burt,  J.  W.  McKenzie  and  John  Daily  were  appointed  a  committee  to  prepare  a  constitu- 
tion and  by-laws  for  the  government  of  the  association.  The  first  permanent  officers 
were  : 

President,  Samuel  O.  White  ;  recording  secretary,  D.  C.  Frazer  ;  corresponding  sec- 
retary, J.  W.  McKenzie  ;  treasurer,  R.  W.  Burt. 

R.  W.  Gilliam,  of  Chillicothe,  was  chosen  to  represent  the  association  at  the  Phila- 
delphia Convention  of  Mexican  War  veterans. 

♦Deceased. 


354  HISTORY  OF   PEORIA   COUNTY. 

CONSTITUTION. 

The  report  of  the  committee  on  constitution  and  bv-laws  was  submitted  to  a  meet- 
ing of  tiie  association,  June  15,  1876,  whicli  was  read,  amended  and  adopted. 

Abticle  1.  This  organization  shall  he  known  as  the  "Central  Illinois  Association 
of  Veterans  of  the  Mexican  War,"  and  may  include  any  honorably'  discharged  soldier  or 
sailor  who  served  in  the  Mexican  war. 

Art.  2.  This  a.ssociation  shall  hold  its  regular  meetings  on  the  first  Thursday  in 
January,  April,  July  and  October  of  each  year ;  and  special  meetings  may  be  called  at 
such  times  and  ])laces  a.s  the  President  may  deem  necessary. 

Art.  3.  The  object  of  this  association  shall  be  to  gather  the  veterans  of  the  Mexi- 
can war,  in  the  central  part  of  Illinois,  into  a  fraternal  brotherhood,  for  the  promotion  of 
pleasant  intercourse  and  good  fellowship,  and  to  further  the  interests  of  it^i  members. 

Art.  4.  The  officers  of  this  association  shall  be  President,  Vice-President,  Treas- 
urer, Secretary,  and  Corresponding  Secretary. 

Art.  5.  The  officers  shall  be  chosen  by  a  vote  of  the  members  present  at  the  an- 
nual meetings  in  January,  and  continue  in  office  one  year,  and  until  their  successors  are 
elected. 

Art.  6.  Any  person  ma}'  become  a  member  by  giving  the  President  and  Secretary 
satisfactory  evidence  that  he  was  a  -soldier  or  sailor  in  the  Mexican  war.  and  was  honora- 
bly discharged,  on  the  payment  of  fifty  cents  admission  fee,  and  twenty-five  cents  at  each 
regular  meeting. 

Art.  7.  No  assessment  shall  be  made  on  members  for  ordinary  expenses,  except  by 
a  two-thirds  vote  of  all  present. 

Art.  8.  No  amendments  shall  be  made  to  this  constitution  except  at  a  regular 
meeting,  and  by  a  two-thirds  vote. 

BY  -  LAWS. 

Art.  1.  The  duties  of  the  officers  of  this  association  shall  be  such  as  usually  de- 
volve upon  officers  of  similar  associations. 

Art.  2.  The  business  of  this  association  shall  be  conducted  in  accordance  with  the 
usages  of  legislative  bodies  in  the  United  States. 

Art.  3.  A  majority  of  the  members  present  at  any  regular  meeting,  may  alter  or 
amend  these  by-laws. 

HON.    JAMES   SHIELDS. 

At  a  meeting  of  the  association  held  at  the  office  of  D.  C.  Frazer  on  the  29th  of 
June,  1876,  a  letter  from  General  Shields  was  read,  requesting  recognition  as  an  honorary 
member  of  the  a.ssociation.  The  request  was  granted,  and  the  name  of  th;»t  hero  of  many 
a  hotly  contested  battle-field,  was  added  to  the  membership. 

FLAG   PRESENTATION. 

The  Mexican  veterans  met  at  the  Chamber  of  Commerce,  July  4,  1876,  on  which 
occasion  a  fine  United  States  flag  was  presented,  with  a  few  appropriate  remarks,  by  Mrs. 
Hattie  Miiliken,  a  sister  of  Comrade  1).  C.  Frazer.  The  presentation  was  responded  to 
by  Captain  R.  W.  Hurt,  who  received  the  tlag  in  belialf  of  the  assoeiation,  alter  which 
the  veterans  joined  the  Centennial  celebration,  in  a  large  wagon  drawn  by  four  horses, 
and  beautifully  decorated  with  American  and  Mexican  Hags,  mottoes,  portraits,  etc. 

Regular  meetings  of  the  association  have  been  held  at  the  times  named  in  the  con- 
stitution, and  called  or  special  meetings  whenever  the  interest  of  the  veterans  demanded. 
Coniniiiiiieation  is  maintained  with  other  organizations  of  the  same  kind  in  ilifferent  parts 
of  tin-  State.  Cun^res.>.nien  and  Senators  are  constantly  reminded  that  there  was  a  war 
with  Mexico,  and  that  the  yurviving  soldiers  of  that  war  are  as  deserving  of  pension  recog- 


HISTORY   OF   PEORIA   COUNTY.  355 

nition  as  the  soldiers  of  any  other  war.  Most  of  them  are  poor  —  many  of  them  almost 
needy.  As  one  of  them  expressed  it  to  the  writer,  "  there  is  hardly  one  of  them  that 
could  buy  a  horse  and  buggy  if  needed."  In  some  instances  this  association  has  had  to 
provide  for  sick  members,  and  in  many  other  ways  see  to  the  wants  of  their  comrades,  all 
of  which  would  be  obviated  if  the  government  of  the  United  States  would  deal  justly  by 
them  and  grant  them  that  pension  to  which  they  feel  they  are  justly  entitled. 

GRAND   REUNION. 

At  a  meeting  of  the  association,  April  18, 1878,  it  was  resolved  to  have  a  grand  public 
reunion  at  Peoria  on  the  23d  of  May,  the  arrangements  for  which  were  perfected  under 
the  management  of  a  committee  composed  of  Messrs.  Henry  Shofe,  D.  C.  Frazer,  W.  F. 
Gardner,  C.  McKenzie,  William  Shroeder,  Captain  A.  Stuber,  of  Chillicothe,  and  Major 
George  A.  Wilkins,  of  Dunlap  Station. 

The  reunion  was  one  of  the  most  interesting  gatherings  ever  witnessed  in  Central 
Illinois.  Captain  R.  W.  Burt,  an  Ohio  soldier  in  the  Mexican  war,  and  President  of  the 
association,  officiated  as  President  of  the  day,  and  Captain  Adam  Stuber,  an  old  veteran 
of  the  Fifteenth  U.  S.  Regulars,  acted  as  Chief  Marshal. 

An  unexpectedly  large  number  of  veterans  were  present,  and  the  citizens  and  volun- 
teer soldiers  of  Peoria  and  vicinity  united  cordially  in  doing  honor  to  the  surviving 
soldiers  of  the  struggle  with  Mexico.  It  was  a  source  of  regret  that  Gen.  Sliields  failed 
to  arrive,  as  had  been  expected,  on  the  previous  day.  A  committee  of  reception,  escorted 
by  a  band  and  Capt.  Taylor's  company  (National  Blues),  with  a  large  concourse  of  citi- 
zens, were  present  at  the  depot  on  the  arrival  of  the  train  ;  but  the  General,  through  an 
unfortunate  combination  of  circumstances,  failed  to  arrive.  He  did  come,  however,  a  few 
hours  later,  and  was  serenaded  at  his  hotel,  where  he  held  a  reception. 

The  morning  of  the  23d  was  stormy,  but  before  noon,  as  if  in  recognition  of  the 
deserts  of  the  veterans,  the  clouds  dispersed  and  the  afternoon  was  all  that  could  be 
desired. 

The  exercises  were  held  at  Jefferson  Park,  in  the  northern  part  of  the  city,  and  were 
very  largely  attended. 

Hon.  M.  C.  Quinn,  on  behalf  of  the  Association  and  citizens  of  Peoria,  delivered  the 
address  of  welcome,  and  the  honor  could  not  have  been  delegated  to  any  one  more  com- 
petent. 

quinn's  words  of  welcome. 
Ladies,  Soldiers  and  Citizens: 

The  committee  of  arrangements  for  this  occasion  has  honored  me  by  selecting  me  to  extend  a  hearty  greeting  to 
all  the  representatives  here  of  the  heroes  who  upheld  our  flag  upon  foreign  battle  fields,  and  all  others  present,  to  do 
honor  to  the  occasion,  especially  to  one  of  the  most  distinguished  of  that  warrior  band,  General  James  Shields.  To 
you,  one  and  all,  survivors  of  the  noble  men  who  upheld  our  flag  in  Mexico,  and  the  good  men  and  true  ,who  fought 
under  its  folds  to  put  down  domestic  violence,  and  to  all  the  friends  and  admirers  of  such,  I  extend  the  most  earnest 
and  heartfelt  welcome.  I  congratulate  you  upon  this  reunion  of  the  survivors  of  the  "  Old  Guards."  And  in  ex- 
pressing this  welcome,  I  express  not  only  the  sentiments  of  the  committee  of  arrangements,  but  also  the  sentiments 
of  all  the  good  people  of  this  city  and  vicinity.  This  truth  is  clearly  exemplified  by  the  action  of  the  public  authori- 
ties on  yesterday,  by  the  mayor  and  council  of  this  city,  the  board  of  supervisors  and  county  officers,  going  in  their 
official  capacity,  accompanied  by  our  local  soldiery,  the  "  boys  in  blue."  and  thousands  of  our  citizens  to  welcome 
our  distinguished  guest  —  a  man  whose  name  is  a  synonym  for  valor  and  patriotism  —  General  Shields.  If  any  thing 
more  were  wanting  to  express  the  feelings  of  our  people  in  this  regard,  it  has  been  furnished  by  the  action  of  our 
courts,  which  have  adjourned  to  be  with  us  on  this  occasion,  and  to  hear  Judge  Shields. 

Survivors  of  the  brave  men  who  bore  that  flag  from  the  Rio  Grande  to  the  City  of  Mexico,  and  planted  it 
triumphantly  over  the  halls  of  the  Montezumas,  you  are  worthy  of  this  ovation  !  Worthy —  thrice  worthy  —  are  you 
of  this  ovation,  noble  hero  and  victim  of  Cerro  Gordo  !  Of  all  the  men  whom,  to-day,  we  delight  to  honor,  foremost 
stands  the  aged  veteran  who  has  laughed  at  death  upon  hundreds  of  battle  fields,  General  Shields.  He  is  not  old 
enough,  however,  to  "  .Shoulder  his  crutch  and  show  how  fields  are  won,"  but  young  enough  to  gird  on  his  sword  at 
his  country's  call  and  shout  forward,  march,  to  victory!  It  is  true  that,  like  Cmcinnatus,  he  has  converted  his  sword 
into  a  plow  share,  but  at  this  moment,  if  liis  country  requires  it,  he  is  ready  to  turn  that  plow  share  into  a  sword, 
and  wield  it  vigorously  for  the  country  for  which  he  has  so  often  given  his  blood. 

General  Shields  is  still  on  the  muster  rolls!  He  is  ready  for  duty!  He  can  not  be  retired  as  long  as  his  heart  is 
warm  and  hi,  eye  is  bright,  he  can  never  retire  from   the  service  of  his  country,  if  that  country   needs  his  services. 


356  HISTORY  OF  PEORIA  COUNTi'. 

Politicians  may  retire  —  aye,  must  retire  —  General  Shields  will  not,  can  not  retire,  for  no  man  Hiring  has  a  larger 
place  in  the  hearts  of  the  people  to-day  than  be.  Despite  the  politicians  the  people  w  ill  honor  him,  and  in  death  bis 
memorj-  will  he  lielH  in  benediction. 

In  conclusion,  I  extend  to  our  distinguislied  guest,  to  the  veterans  and  citizens  from  abroad,  to  each  and  all  who 
honor  the  occaision,  a  hearty  welcome. 

THE   MEXICAN    WAR   REVIEWED  —  ADDRESS  OF  GEN.  LEONARD  F.  BOSS. 

After  these  generous  and  eloquent  words  of  welcome.  General  Leonard   F.  Ross,  of 
Avon,  Fulton  count}',  who  had  been  selected  for  the  occasion,  spoke  as  follows : 

Mt.  Ptttidtnl,  Comradts  of  the  Mexican  War,  Ladies  and  Gentlemen  : 

It  is  now  near  the  third  of  a  century  since  the  American  soldiers  gave  their  services  lo  their  country  in  the  war 
with  Mex  CO  —  since  they  encountered  the  trials  and  vicissitudes  incident  to  army  life  in  a  foreign  country,  in  an  un- 
congenial and  malarious  climate.  Since  those  services  were  rendered  a  full  generation  has  entered  upon  and  passed 
off  the  stage  of  action.  And  yet  it  seems  but  yesterday  since  we  were  electrified  by  the  announcement  that  an 
armed  foe  had  entered  our  territory  and  shed  the  "blood  of  American  citizens  on  American  soil"  —  since  the 
brilliant  victories  of  General  Taylor  on  the  Rio  Grande  floated  o'er  the  wires.  The  details  of  the  battles  of  Palo 
Alto  and  Kesaca  de  la  Palma,  and  the  gallant  defense  of  Fort  Brown  were  on  every  tongue.  They  occupied  the 
minds  of  our  entire  people  and  filled  all  of  the  newspapers  of  the  day.  No  event,  probably,  since  the  engagements 
at  Lexington  and  Concord  had  so  wrought  up  and  agitated  the  American  people. 

At  a  time  when  at  peac^  with  all  the  world,  before  a  collision  was  even  expected  by  the  mass  of  the  country,  we 
were  precipitated  into  a  war.  The  surprise,  the  astonishment  at  such  an  event,  can  at  this  distant  day  be  scarcely 
imagined.  And  yet,  perhaps,  we  should  not  have  been  taken  so  by  suri>rise  had  we  fully  considered  some  preceding 
events  in  the  history  of  the  youngest  member  of  our  sisterhood  of  States  —  then  the  youngest  and  most  feeble,  but 
now  the  strong  and  vigorous,  the  rapidly  growing  young  State  of  Texas.  In  this  connection  I  deem  it  not  inappro- 
priate to  refer  cursorily  to  a  few  of  the  leading  events  that  preceded  the  war  between  .\merican  republics. 

.\s  early  as  1835.  Texas  had  revolted  against  the  Mexican  government  and  allempted  independence.  On  the 
2d  of  .March,  1836,  Texas  declared  her  independence,  adopted  a  constitution  and  organized  a  Slate  government. 
For  nine  years  this  independence  was  maintained  by  force  of  arms,  and  was  acknowledged  by  the  government  and 
other  leading  powers.  Twice  during  this  time  Mexico  made  attempts  to  re-conquer  Tex.is,  but  both  times  her  forces 
were  driven  from  the  .State.  On  the  1st  of  March,  1845.  the  United  .States  Congress  passed  a  joint  resolution  declar- 
ing that  certain  territory  therein  named  "rightfully  belonged  to  the  Republic  of  Texa,s,"  and  that  it  might  be  erected 
into  a  State,  called  the  State  of  Texas.  On  the  4th  of  July,  1845,  Texas  assented  to  the  terms  of  this  resolution,  and 
became  a  State  in  the  American  Union. 

During  this  time  Mexico  continued  to  i.s.sue  her  proclamations  and  pronunciamentos,  and  threatening  lo  conquer 
Texas.  In  order  to  protect  this  new  State,  General  Taylor  was  ordered  to  move  with  his  forces  to  the  southern 
frontier  of  Texas.  While  thu<  occupying  the  country,  on  the  24lh  of  April,  1S46,  General  .\rista  crossed  over  the 
Rio  Grande  with  a  large  Mexican  force  and  surrounded  a  small  detachment  of  sixty-three  United  States  dragoons, 
killed  about  one-fourth,  and  took  the  balance  prisoners. 

Large  bodies  of  .Mexican  troops  were  soon  after  crossed  over  the  Rio  Grande,  both  above  and  below  the  encamp- 
ment of  General  Taylor,  threatening  his  depot  supplies  at  Point  Isabel  and  his  communication  therewith.  In  order 
to  protect  these  and  save  his  little  army  of  4,000  men  from  destruction,  he  met  the  Mexican  army  of  6,000  and  de- 
feated it  in  two  pitched  battles.  Having  left  detached  portions  of  his  command  for  the  defense  of  Fort  Brown  and 
Point  Isabel,  the  battles  of  Palo  Alto  and  Rcsaca  de  la  Palma  were  fought  with  a  force  of  2.300,  and  the  enemy  in 
both  instances  selected  the  battlefield.  These  battles,  fought  on  the  8th  and  qth  of  May,  1846,  were  the  beginning 
of  the  war  with   Mexico. 

On  the  I3lh  of  May,  Congress  declared  that  a  slate  of  war  existed  "by  the  act  of  the  Republic  of  Mexico."  On 
the  23d  of  the  same  month,  Mexico  made  an  open  declaration  of  war  against  the  United  States.  Then  came  the  call 
for  50,000  volunteers,  which  was  answered  by  a  tender  of  the  services  of  over  300,000.  Then  followed  the  mustering 
in  of  troops,  the  hurrying  forward  of  men  and  supplies,  the  collection  of  arms,  ammunilinn,  provi>ions.  and  transpor- 
tation for  a  large  army,  and  the  excitement  that  ever  attends  the  organization  and  equipment  of  military  forces.  On 
the  Rio  Grande,  the  Summer  of  1846  was  mostly  spent  in  preparation,  hut  the  fortified  city  of  Monterey  was  assaulted 
and  taken  by  fleneral  Taylor  in  September,  when  dcfemled  by  troops  doubling  the  number  of  the  assailants.  About 
the  same  time  General  Kearney  hoisted  the  American  flag  in  New  Mexico,  and  established  a  new  government. 

The  year  1846  was  further  signalized  by  the  operations  of  Commodores  Slont  and  .Stockton  and  Captain  Fremont 
on  the  Pacific  co.asl,  the  brilliant  marches  ol  Colonel  Doniphan  and  General  kearney.  the  capture  of  Tampico  by 
Commodore  Perry,  and  its  occupation  by  General  Shields,  and  the  occupation  of  Victoria  ty  Generals  Taylor  an<l 
Patterson.  Cleneral  Scott  having  arrived  in  Mexico  lo  lake  command  of  the  armies  about  in*  isl  of  January,  1S47. 
the  first  movement  of  troops  were  those  of  flenerals  Taylor  and  Patterson  from  Victoria  ;  the  first  northward  to  his 
old  quarters  at  .Monterey,  General  Patterson  south  lo  Tampico,  lo  join  (icneral  Scott  in  his  operations  against  Vera 
Cruz;  Taylor  to  gain  fresh  laurels  at  Huena  Visia,  and  Patterson  lo  become  second  in  command  in  the  reduction  of 
Vera  Cruz  and  the  castle  of  San  Juan  DT'Uoa,  which,  after  two  weeks"  investment,  surrendered  to  the  ar'.iller)'  of 
Gcncr.1l  Scott  and  his  subordinates  with  llie  least  possible  loss. 

Vera  Cruz  taken,  now  commences  the  march  (or  the  interior,  the  "  halls  of  the  Monlezumas."  from  the  same 
ttatling  point,  and  over  the  saiui.  luulc  taken  by  Corlcz  over  three  hundred  years  before.      But  this  march  was  lo  be 


HISTORY   OF   PEORIA   COUNTY.  357 

no  holiday  aftair.  The  capital  of  the  Mexican  republic  was  not  to  be  gained  on  "  flowery  beds  of  ease."  Some  se- 
vere fighting  has  first  to  be  done.  Santa  .\nna,  although  defeated  at  Buena  Vista,  has  had  near  two  months  to  reor- 
ganize his  army.  Collecting  a  force  of  15,000  men,  he  intrenches  himself  on  the  heights  of  Cerro  Gordo,  and  prepares 
to  dispute  our  passage.  Bu'  notwithstanding  his  defensive  preparations,  notwithstanding  the  numerous  proclama- 
tions and  pronunciamentos  fulminated  by  him  against  the  "Northern  Barbarians"  and  the  "ruthless  invaders  of 
Mexican  homes,"  three  weeks  after  the  surrender  of  Vera  Cruz  with  its  5,000  prisoners,  400  pieces  of  ordnance,  its 
numerous  forts  and  the  renowned  cattle  of  .San  Juan  D'Ulloa,  three  weeks  after  this  valuable  and  most  bloodless  vic- 
tory, the  American  army  is  pushed  forward  and  hurled  against  the  fortifications  of  Cerro  Gordo,  assaulting  this 
stronghold  in  front,  flank  and  rear  at  the  same  time.  Before  twelve  o'clock  the  heights  are  taken,  with  3,000  prison- 
ers, 10,000  fugitives  are  in  rapid  retreat  towards  Jalapa,  pursued  by  about  400  of  General  Shields'  brigade,  who,  after 
the  fall,  and  as  was  supposed  the  mortal  wound  of  their  commander  (General  Shields),  were  led  by  Colonel  Baker  half 
way  to  the  gates  of  Jalapa,  Cerro  Gordo  simply  added  one  more  to  the  list  of  continuous  victories  gained  by  our  army 
since  the  beginning  of  hostilities. 

Without  following  our  army  through  its  two  years  of  marches  and  engagements  with  the  enemy,  and  making 
mention  of  all  the  battles  fought  and  victories  gained — in  a  word,  I  may  say  that  from  Vera  Cruz  to  the  City  of 
Mexico,  in  every  engagement  and  battle,  our  army  was  victorious.  It  has,  I  believe,  been  truthfully  said  that  no 
other  army  in  the  world's  history  ever  fought  so  great  a  number  of  battles  against  such  vastly  superior  numbers,  and 
in  every  engagement,  without  exception,  won  a  decided  and  brilliant  victory. 

And  why  was  it  so  ?  Why  was  the  American  army  uniformly  successful  against  such  vast  odds  ?  The  Mexicans 
used  to  try  to  solve  this  question.  Various  theories  were  advanced  on  the  subject.  They  always  contended  that 
their  troops  were  better  drilled  and  disciplined  than  ours,  and  why  they  did  not  at  any  time  ever  meet  with  success 
was  a  mystery  they  could  not  solve.  Had  the  Mexicans  known  something  of  our  system  of  education,  our  common 
schools,  our  free  ballot,  our  complete  self  government,  our  perfect  fieedom  in  religious  opinions,  they  might  perhaps 
have  solved  the  question.  Men  of  intelligence,  possessed  of  perfect  freedom  of  thought  and  action,  having  the 
right  to  elect  their  own  rulers  and  law  makers,  and  who  are  taught  from  childhood  to  yield  obedience  to  law,  have 
much  of  the  material  of  which  good  and  efficient  soldiers  are  made. 

Of  such  were  the  soldiers  who  bore  our  victorious  flag  under  the  scorching  rays  of  a  tropical  sun  on  every  battle 
field  from  Vera  Cruz  to  the  capital  of  Mexico. 

Of  that  grand  army  that  never  knew  a  defeat,  but  very  few  are  now  among  the  living  —  fully  one-fourth  fell  by 
Mexican  bullets,  or  yielded  to  the  diseases  of  the  country,  and  now  repose  in  graves  in  a  foreign  country,  far  from 
home  and  friends.  Others  more  favored  lived  to  reach  their  homes,  but  with  health  so  shattered  and  constitution  so 
enfeebled  by  sickness  incurred  in  the  service,  that  they,  too,  soon  passed  away.  So  that  now,  in  this  year,  187S,  but 
about  ten  per  cent,  of  that  victorious  army  that  astonished  the  world  by  its  prowess  and  valor,  remains  with  us.  And 
time  has  begun  to  leave  his  marks  upon  them.  The  raven  locks  of  former  years  are  beginning  to  show  the  effect  of 
the  frosts  of  former  Winters.  They  have  been  permitted  by  a  kind  Providence  to  live  to  see  some  of  the  results  of 
their  service  and  toil.  They  have  seen  State  after  .State  created  from  630,000  square  miles  of  territory  acquired 
by  our  Government,  as  the  result  of  the  war  to  which  their  best  years  were  devoted. 

They  have  lived  to  see  the  completion  of  the  Pacific  railroad,  that  great  highway  of  the  Nation,  located  on 
territory  that  would  have  belonged  to  a  foreign  country  but  for  the  strong  arms  and  brave  hearts  of  that  gallant  army 
of  which  they  were  a  pan.  They  have  lived  to  see  their  country  increase  in  population  and  wealth,  and  her  flag 
respected  and  honored  on  sea  and  land  the  world  over.  While  it  has  been  their  happy  privilege  to  live  and  see  so 
much  that  gives  joy  to  the  heart  of  the  patriot,  it  has  been  their  sad  lot  to  see  their  own  country  bleeding  from  civil 
strife  ;  to  have  looked  upon  their  beloved  Government  while  engaged  in  suppressing  the  terrible  rebellion  ;  to  have 
seen  their  own  homes  drenched  in  blood,  and  the  Government  they  had  labored  and  toiled  to  sustain — the  best 
Government  that  ever  existed  —  struggling  with  terrible  desperation  of  life,  for  the  right  simply  to  exist  as  a  Nation. 
But  it  has  been  their  happy  lot,  thank  God,  to  see  that  contest  ended,  and  the  great  question  decided,  whether  we  are 
a  Nation  or  a  confederacy  of  States  [Applause],  a  partnership  simply  that  may  be  dissolved  at  the  will  of  one  or  two 
of  the  partners,  or  a  permanent  Union. 

There  was  a  terrible  loss  of  life  and  treasure  before  the  decision  was  reached,  but  it  came,  and  we  are  a  Union 
—  a  grand  Nation  [Loud  applause].  This  meeting,  to-day,  is  designed  for  a  re-union  of  old  comrades-in-arms  ;  its 
object,  social  enjoyment,  for  old  friends  long  separated  here  to  meet  and  join  hands,  and  renew  the  ties  of  friendship 
formed  in  years  long  past  by  perilous  service  in  a  common  cause  ;  to  fight  old  battles  over  again,  and  to  enjoy  the  few 
hours  spent  together  as  best  you  can.  This  is  right  and  proper,  and  these  re-unions  should  be,  and,  I  trust,  will  be, 
of  more  frequent  occurrence  than  in  the  past. 

May  a  kind  heaven  grant  you,  my  comrades,  the  largest  allowance  of  peace  and  happiness  to  the  close  of  life  ; 
and  may  you  all  live  to  enjoy  many  such  re-unions. 

General  Ross  was  followed  by  General  M.  S.  Barnes,  of  Galesburg,  another  Mexican 
veteran,  in  an  address  full  of  appropriateness  to  the  occasion.  He  reviewed  the  action 
of  Congress  in  refusing  or  neglecting  to  grant  a  pension  to  the  heroes  of  that  war,  and 
characterized  it  as  a  meanness  unbecoming  the  boasted  philanthrophy  and  justice  of  the 
people  of  the  American  republic.  He  reviewed  the  marches  and  counter-marches  of 
the  little  army,  and  the  happy  results  achieved  for  the  country. 

At  the  coEfclusion  of  this  address.  Captain  R.  W.  Burt,  master  of  ceremonies,  rose 
and  said : 


S68  HISTORY  OF  PKORIA   COrN'TT. 

ComraJes,  Cititens  and  Visittns  : 

I  am  about  to  introduce  to  you  a  statesman  whom  two  of  the  great  States  of  the  Union  have  honored  wilh  a  seat 
in  the  United  States  Senate,  and  a  soldier  who  has  ser\ed  his  country  with  distinction,  and  received  wounds  in  two 
wars  —  the  first  grand  in  its  results,  because  it  largely  extended  the  area  of  freedom  and  greatly  increased  our  national 
wealth  ;  and  the  last  glorious,  because  it  preserved  the  Union  and  made  every  man  within  its  bounds  a  freeman.  Lit- 
ten  to  the  burning  eloquence  of  a  man  who  almost  gave  his  life  to  conquer  a  foreign  foe,  and  who,  when  the  Union 
was  in  danger  of  being  rent  asunder,  knew  what  colored  coat  to  wear,  and  wore  it  with  honor  and  distinction.  I  have 
the  honor  to  introduce  to  you  the  honored  statesman  and  heroic  soldier, 

MAJOB-GENERAL    JAMES   SHIELDS. 

Tlie  old  hero  was  received  with  cheer  after  cheer.  When  quiet  was  restored,  he  said 
in  response  to  the  introductory  remarks  of  Captain  Burt  and  the  greeting  of  the  audi- 
ence, that  the  crowd  had  heard  so  much  eloquence  that  they  would  not  care  to  listen  to 
him.  He  was  a  little  tired  and  had  to  speak  in  the  evening,  and  besides,  those  cheers 
would  have  scared  any  body  who  could  be  scared  at  all.  This  was  a  glorious 
day  for  liim  and  for  them.  He  had  received  a  rousing  ovation  from  the  people, 
and  his  heart  was  too  full  for  him  to  say  much.  He  and  his  war-worn  comrades 
before  him  had  eaten,  drank  and  slept  together  on  the  hostile  plains  of  Mexico. 
They  had  been  baptized  in  blood  and  fire  together.  No  otlier  occasion  would  have 
brought  him  here,  for  he  was  worn  out  with  the  labors  of  the  past  few  weeks.  He 
had  wanted  t(j  look  his  old  comrades  in  the  face  and  take  them  by  the  hand,  and  it  would 
be  perliaps  the  last  time  they  would  meet  until  the  long  roll  summoned  them  all  together 
again  in  another  world.  He  alluded  to  the  sufferings  of  the  veterans  of  the  Mexican 
war,  and  the  apathy  of  Congress  in  recognizing  them.  The  people  were  with  them,  if 
the  politicians  were  not. 

In  the  evening  a  large  audience  assembled  at  Rouse's  Hall  to  hear  the  speech  of  Gen. 
Shields  upon  the  subject,  "  Reminiscences  of  the  Mexican  War."  He  entertained  them 
well.  His  recollections  of  the  war  were  abundant  and  well  told.  The  General  wiis  an 
active  participant  in  most  of  the  scenes  he  described  so  vividl}-.  Some  of  the  incidents 
were  heroic,  others  funny.  The  platform  was  filled  with  the  veterans  and  their  distin- 
guished visitors  from  abroad.  He  was  introduced  to  the  audience,  in  a  few  appropriate 
remarks,  by  .John  Warner,  Esq.,  mayor  of  the  city. 

DEATH  OF  GENERAL  SHIELDS  —  ACTION  OF  THE   ASSOCIATION. 

Intelligence  of  the  death  of  General  Shields  was  received  in  sorrow  by  the  Associ 
tion,  and  at  a  meeting  held  on  the  6th  of  .Tune,  President  Gardner  in  the  chair,  the  fol- 
lowing action  was  taken.  Comrades  Frazer  and  McKenzie  were  appointed  a  committee 
to  draft  resolutions  expressive  of  the  sorrow  of  the  Association,  at  his  sudden  and  unex- 
pected taking  off.  After  a  l)rief  absence  the  committee  submitted  the  preamble  and 
resolutions  here  appended  : 

Wlureas,  It  has  pleased  the  Almighty  to  remove  from  our  association  General  James  Shields,  therefore  be  it 
resolved, 

1.  That  the  Society  has,  by  his  death,  lost  one  who  has  always  had  the  best  interests  of  the  society  at  heart, 
and  who  was  always  ready  and  willing  to  sacrifice  his  own  comfort  and  interest  in  our  behalf. 

2.  Tlu-it  this  nation  and  Slate,  wherein  he  resided,  have  lost  one  of  the  purest  and  l>esl  patriots  and  statesmen 
by  his  death;  one  who,  in  the  discharge  of  every  known  duly,  was  incorruptible,  prompt  and  untiring  in  the  dis- 
charge of  Ins  duties  lo  his  .i<)optcd  country. 

3.  That  the  colors  of  the  assDciaiiiin  be  lowered  to  half  m.ist,  and  that  the  members  of  the  association  wear 
the  usual  badge  of  mourning  for  thirty  days  from  this  date  asa  token  of  our  esteem  for  his  nobleness  of  character  and 
sorrow  and  regret  over  the  demise  of  our  formci  comrade. 

4.  That  a  copy  of  these  resolutions  be  transmitted  to  the  family  of  our  deceased  comrade,  and  lo  each  of  the 
city  papers,  with  the  request  that  they  publish  the  sai.ie. 

LETTER    FROM    MRS.    SIIIKLDS. 

In  acknowledgment  of  the  receijit  of  ihe  resolutions  above  tguoted,  Mrs.  Shields  traus- 
mitted  the  accompanying  letter: 


HISTORY   OF   PEORIA   COUNTY. 


359 


Carroi.lton,  Carroll  Co.,  Mo.,  June  lo,  1879. 
To  Ihe  Centra!  Illinois  Associaticm  0/ Mexican   I'e/etans  : 

Esrp:F.MED  Friends  —  Your  letter  of  resolutions  were  received,  and  please  to  accept  my  heartfelt  gratitude  for 
your  kindness  in  forwarding  them  to  me,  and  rest  assured,  dear  friends  I  will  prize  them  and  preserve  them  for  my 
poor  little  fatherless  children. 

Accept  my  thanks  and  warmest  wishes,  and  may  God  bless  you,  is  the  prayer  of  your  sorrowing  friend, 

M.  B.  Shields. 
THE  ROLL. 

The  following  register  embraces  the  names  of  the  members  of  the  association  and  a 
list  of  the  names  of  visiting  veterans  on  the  occasion  of  the  Grand  Reunion  on  the  23d  of 
May,  1878,  with  the  companies  and  regiments  to  which  they  respectively  belonged : 


Capt.  R.  VV.  Burt 3d  Ohio  Inf.;  Col.  S.  R.  Curtis. 

Samuel  O.  White... Co.  A.,  4th  111.  Vol.  Inf. ;  Col.  Baker. 
Thos.  Shepherd,  Co.  G.,  4th  111.  Vol.  Inf  ;  Col.  E.D.  Baker. 
John  Drury,  Co.  G  ,  4th  111.  Vol.  Inf. ;  Col.  E.  D.  Baker. 
John  Hornbaker,  Co.  G.,  4th  III.  Vol.  Inf. ;  Col.E.D.Baker. 
DeWitt  C.  Frazer,  Co.  G.,  4th  111.  Vol.  Inf.;  Col.E.D.Baker. 
Robert  Sullivan,  Co.  ti. ,4th  111.  Vol,  Inf.;  Col.E.D.Baker. 
John  Norris,  Co.  G.,  4th  111.  Vol.  Inf  ;  Col.  E.  D.  Baker. 
Kob't  Hale.. -Co.  G.,  4th  III.  Vol.  Inf.;  Col.  E.  D.  Baker. 
Gen.  James  Shields. .Honorary  Member. CarroUton,   Mo. 

Valentine  Werner. Siege   Train  ;  Col.  Hooker. 

S.  M.  Gutchess Co.  E.,  6th  111.  Vol.  Inf. 

Henry  Rehder United  States  Navy  ;  Capt.  Woods. 

R.  W.  Gilliam _ Chillicothe. 

John    Kobler Co.  B.,  2d  Mo.  Cav. 

Henry  Wiltz Co.  A.,  4th  Ohio  Vol.  Inf. 

Wm.  Schroeder Co.  I,,  4th  Ohio  Vol.  Inf. 

John  M.  Guill _.Co.  A.,  3d  Ken.  Vol.  Inf. 

Granville  James Co.  C,  5th  Ind.  Inf. 

Gray... Co.  C,  5th  Ind.  Inf. 

John  Odenwitter Co.  K.,  Mo.  Vol.  Inf. 

James  Bryant. Co.  H.,  Mounted  Rifleman. 


Wm.  B.  Shaw 

Capt.  Adam  Stuber 
Matthew  Langston 

C.  H.  Washburne.. 

Henry  Heincke 

George  A.  Wilkins, 

D.  W.  Magee.. 

W.  J.  Gardner 

George  Clark. 

Miles  Bosworth 

Thos,  H.  Tamplin., 

Henry  Shofe 

Henry  Washhousen 

Wm.   Petefish 

John  Dailey 

C.   McKenzie . . 

Wm.  A.  Thornton. 

Wm.  Wickmire 

Henry  Geszn 

Albert  Ernst 

Albion  Epley. 

Darius  Wiley 


...Co.  H.,  2d  Penn.  Vol. 

Col.  I.,  isthOhio  Vol. 

Co.  H.    1st  111.  Vol. 

Co.  G..  5th  111.  Vol. 

Co.  B.,  1st  U.  S.  Drag.;  Col.  Sumner. 

Major Co.  S.,  1st  U.  S.  Inf. 

Co.  F.,  1st  Ind.  Vol.  Inf. 

Co.  A.,  1st  Ohio  Vol.  Inf. 

Co.  I.,  gth  Conn.  Vol.  Inf. 

C  o.  k . ,  i  s  t  U .  sll  n  f ] 

Co.  H.,  2d  Ohio  Vol.  Inf. 

...Co.  B.,  1st  Mo.  Mounted  Vol. 

....1st  111.  Vol.  Inf. 

Co.  E.  3d  U .  S.  Dragoons. 

Co.  A.,  2d  111.    Vol.  Inf. 

...Co.  A.,  6th  111.  Vol.  Inf. 

Co.  M.,  1st  U.  S.  Artillery. 

Co.  E.,  2d  Penn.  Vol.  Inf. 

Co.  G.,  Mounted  Rifles. 

Lawn  Ridge. 

Co.  D.,  3d  111.  Vol.  Inf. 


VISITING   VETERANS. 


Major  General  James  Shields CarroUton,  Mo. 

General  Leonard  F.  Ross Avon,  Fulton  Co.,  111. 

General  M.  S.  Barnes. Galesburg,  111. 

General  N.  Geersel Mt.  Pleasant,  Iowa. 

Colonel  Wm.  J.  Wyatt.. Franklin,  Morgan  Co.,  111. 

Captain  Adam  Stuber Chillicothe,  111. 

Captain  B.  Warren Varna,  Marshall  Co.  111. 

Thos.  Rhoads. .Pekin,   111. 

Wm.  Heldman. Eldena,  Lee  Co.  111. 

Eli  Lyon Banner,  Fulton  Co.,   HI. 

Francis  Putnam... Hilton,  Tazewell  Co.,  111. 

J.  G.  Hammer Pekin   111. 

Henry  Heincke Secor,  111. 

Edward  Kane Gridley,  111. 

John  Drury Fon  du  Lac,  Tazewell  Co.,  111. 


Madison  Hughes Copperas  Creek  (or  Canton),  111. 

John  B.  Buehler.. Kansas. 

Thos.  Campbell La  Harpe.  111. 

Andrew  J.  Wells Indianapolis,  Ind. 

Thos.  Keenan _ Peru,  111. 

G.  A,  Wilkins ..Dunlap,  III. 

W.  B.Shaw Chillicothe,  111. 

J.   Depew Bloomington,  111. 

W.  A.  Tinney Pekin,  HI. 

Chas.  Cooper.. Pekin,  111. 

Harvey  Wilson. Lacon,  111. 

Frederick  Bulson. Victoria,  Knox  Co.,  111. 

John  Ropier Eaton,  Mo. 

John  Brechbeller Bloomington,  111. 


IN  THE  WAR  OF  THE   REBELLION. 

If  there  is  any  one  thing  more  than  another  of  which  the  people  of  the  Northern 
States  have  reason  to  be  proud,  it  is  of  the  record  they  made  during  the  dark  and  bloody 
days  of  tiie  War  of  the  Rebellion.  When  the  war  was  forced  upon  the  countr}-,  the  peo- 
ple were  quietly  pursuing  the  even  tenor  of  their  ways,  doing  whatever  their  hands  found 
to  do  —  working  the  mines,  making  farms  or  cultivating  those  already  made,  erecting 
homes,  founding  cities  and  towns,  building  shops  and  manufactories  —  in  short,  the  coun- 
try was  alive  with  industry  and  hopes  for  the  future.  The  people  were  just  recovering 
from  the  depression  and  losses  incident  to  the  financial  panic  of  1857.    The  future  looked 


360  nisTORT  or  peori.v  rorsTT 

bright  and  promising,  and  the  industrious  and  patriotic  sons  and  daughters  of  the  Free 
States  were  buoyant  with  hope.  Immediately  surrounded  with  peace  and  tranquillity, 
they  paid  hut  little  attention  to  the  rumored  plots  and  plans  of  those  who  lived  and  grew 
rich  from  the  sweat  and  toil,  and  blood  and  flesh  of  others  —  aye,  even  traflBcked  in  the 
offspring  of  their  own  loins.  Nevertheless,  the  war  came,  with  all  its  attendant 
horroi-s. 

While  the  people  of  the  loyal  and  freedom-loving  North  were  thus  engaged,  the 
Southern  press,  pulpit  and  rostrum  were  busy  fomenting  and  disseminating  sentiments  of 
treason  and  disunion.  Union  sentiment,  where  it  existed,  was  suj)pressed  by  violence. 
Proclamations  of  Governors,  acts  of  Legislatures,  ordinances  of  conventions,  followed  in 
rapid  succession.  Military  companies  were  formed  and  drilled  ;  Southern  members  of 
Congress  resigned  and  returned  to  their  constituents,  and  State  after  State  declared  itself 
out  of  the  Union. 

In  1860  there  were  four  candidates  for  President.  Two  of  these  candidates,  Abra- 
ham Lincoln  and  Stephen  A.  Douglas,  came  from  Illinois.  .Mr.  Lincoln  was  the  candi- 
date of  the  Republican  party,  and  Mr.  Douglas  the  candidate  of  the  National  Democratic 
party.  The  other  two  candidates,  John  C.  Breckinridge  and  John  Bell,  came  from  the 
Southern  States.  Mr.  Breckinridge,  of  Kentucky,  was  the  candidate  of  the  pro-slavery 
interests,  and  Mr.  Bell,  of  Tennessee,  was  the  American  or  Know-Nothing  candidate. 

The  contest  was  an  exciting  one,  and  resulted  in  the  election  of  Mr.  Lincoln,  who 
received  one  hundred  and  eighty  electoral  votes.  Mr.  Breckinridge  seventy-two,  Mr. 
Bell  thirty-nine,  and  Mr.  Douglas  twelve,  giving  Mr.  Lincoln  a  majority  of  fifty-seven. 
Of  the  popular  vote  Mr.  Lincoln  had  1,857,610  ;  Mr.  Douglas,  1,365,976  ;  Mr.  Breckin- 
ridge, 847,1)53  ;  Mr.  Bell,  590,631.  The  election  of  Mr.  Lincoln  was  the  direct  result  of 
the  refusal  of  the  Southern  States  to  support  Mr.  Douglas  and  of  their  factious  support 
of  Mr.  Breckinridge. 

Early  in  the  campaign  there  were  threats  of  secession  and  disunion  in  the  event  Mr. 
Lincoln  was  elected,  but  the  people  were  so  accustomed  to  Southern  bravado  that  but 
little  heed  was  given  to  the  bluster. 

On  tlie  "JOth  of  December,  1861,  South  Carolina,  by  a  convention  of  delegates,  de- 
clared "  That  the  Union  now  existing  between  South  Carolina  and  other  States  of  North 
America  is  dissolved,  and  that  the  State  of  South  Carolina  has  resumed  her  position 
among  the  nations  of  the  earth,  as  a  free,  sovereign  and  independent  State,  with  full 
power  to  levy  war  and  conclude  peace,  contract  alliances,  establish  commerce,  and  to  do 
all  other  acts  and  tilings  which  independent  States  may  of  right  do."  On  the  24th,  Gov- 
ernor Pickens  issued  a  proclamation,  declaring  that  •'  Soutli  Carolina  is,  and  has  a  right 
to  be,  a  free  and  independent  State,  and,  as  such,  has  a  right  to  levy  war,  conclude  peace, 
negotiate  treaties,  leagues  and  covenants,  and  to  do  all  acts  whatever  that  rightfully  ap- 
pertain to  a  free  and  independent  State." 

( )n  ttie  26th,  Major  Anderson  evacuated  Fort  Moultrie,  and  occupied  Fort  Sumter. 
Two  days  previously  he  wrote  President  Buchanan's  Secretary  of  War,  John  B.  Floyd, 
as  follows  :  "  When  I  inform  you  that  my  garrison  consists  of  only  ^ixty  cft'ective  men, 
and  that  we  are  in  a  very  indiflerent  work,  the  walls  of  which  are  only  fourteen  feet 
high,  and  that  we  have,  within  one  iiundred  and  sixty  yards  of  our  walls,  sand  hills  which 
command  our  works,  and  which  afford  admirable  sites  for  butteries,  and  the  finest  covers 
for  sharpshooters,  and  that,  besides  this,  there  arc  numerous  houses,  some  of  them  within 
pistol  shot,  you  will  at  once  see  that,  if  attackeil  in  force,  headed  iiy  any  one  but  a  sim- 
pleton, there  is  scarcely  a  possibility  of  uur  being  able  to  liohl  out  long  enough  for  our 
friends  to  come  to  our  succor."  His  appeal  for  reinforeements  was  seconded  by  General 
Scott,  but  unheeded  by  President  Buchanan,  and  entirely  ignored  by  John  B.  Floyd,  the 
Secretary  of  War. 

On  "the  28th,  South  Carolina  troops  occupied  Fort  Moultrie  and  Castle  Piuckney  and 


HISTORY   OP  PEORIA  COUNTY.  361 

hoisted  the  Palmetto  flag  on  tlie  ramparts.  On  the  •29th,  John  B.  Floyd  resigned  his 
place  in  Buchanan's  cabinet,  charging  that  tlie  President,  by  refusing  to  remove  Major 
Anderson  and  the  troops  from  Charleston  harbor,  designed  to  plunge  the  country  into 
civil  war,  and  added  :  "I  can  not  consent  to  be  the  agent  of  such  a  calamity."  On  the 
same  day  the  South  Carolina  Commissioners  presented  their  official  credentials  at  Wash- 
iHgton,  which,  on  the  next  day,  were  declined.  On  the  2d  day  of  January,  1861,  Geor- 
gia declared  for  secession,  and  Georgia  troops  took  possession  of  the  United  States  arse- 
nal in  Augusta  and  Forts  Pulaski  and  Jackson.  Governor  Ellis,  of  North  Carolina,  seized 
tlie  forts  at  Beaufort  and  Wilmington,  and  the  arsenal  at  Fayetteville.  On  tlie  evening 
of  the  -Ith,  the  Alabama  and  Mississippi  delegations  in  Congress  telegraphed  the  conven- 
tions of  their  respective  States  to  secede,  telling  them  there  was  no  prospect  of  a  satisfac- 
tory adjustment.  On  the  7th,  the  conventions  of  Alabama,  Mississippi  and  Tennessee 
met  in  secession  conclave.  On  the  8th,  Secretary  Thompson  resigned  his  seat  in  the 
cabinet  on  the  ground  that,  contrary  to  promise,  troops  had  been  sent  to  Major  Ander- 
son. On  the  9th,  the  Star  of  the  West,  carrying  supplies  and  reinforcements  to  Major 
Anderson,  was  fired  into  from  Morris  Island,  and  turned  homeward,  leaving  Fort  Sumter 
and  its  gallant  little  band  at  the  mercy  of  the  rebels.  On  the  same  day  the  ordinance  of 
secession  passed  the  Mississippi  convention.  Florida*adopted  an  ordinance  of  secession 
on  the  lOtli,  and  Alabama  on  the  11th.  The  same  da}'  (the  11th),  Thomas,  Secretai-y  of 
the  Treasur}',  resigned,  and  the  rebels  seized  the  arsenal  at  Baton  Rouge,  and  Forts 
Jackson  and  St.  Philiji  at  the  mouth  of  the  Mississippi  river,  and  Fort  Pike  at  the  Lake 
Ponchartrain  entrance.  Pensacola  Navy  Yard  and  Fort  Barrancas  were  surrendered  to 
rebel  troops  by  Colonel  Armstrong  on  the  13th.  Lieutenant  Slemmer,  who  had  with- 
drawn his  command  from  Fort  ]\IcRae  to  Fort  Pickens  defied  Armstrong's  orders,  and 
announced  his  intention  to  "  hold  the  fort "  at  all  hazards.  The  Georgia  convention 
adopted  a  secession  ordinance  on  the  19th.  On  the  20th,  Lieutenant  Slemmer  was  be- 
sieged by  a  '"thousand  allied  troops"  at  Fort  Pickens.  Louisiana  adopted  an  ordinance 
of  secession  on  the  25th.  On  the  1st  of  February  the  rebels  seized  the  United  States 
mint  and  Custom  House  at  New  Orleans.  The  Peace  convention  assembled  at  Wash- 
ington on  the  Ith,  but  adjourned  without  doing  any  thing  to  quiet  the  disturbed  ele- 
ments. On  the  9th,  a  provisional  constitution  was  adopted  at  Montgomery,  Alabama,  it 
being  the  constitution  of  tlie  United  States  "reconstructed"  to  suit  their  purpose.  Jef- 
ferson Davis,  of  Mississippi,  was  chosen  President,  and  Alexander  H.  Stephens,  of  Geor- 
gia, Vice-President  of  the  "  Confederate  States  of  North  America."  Jeff.  Davis  was  in- 
augurated on  the  18th,  and  on  the  2.5th  it  was  learned  that  General  Twiggs,  commanding 
the  department  of  Texas,  had  basely  betrayed  liis  trust,  and  that  he  had  surrendered  all 
the  military  jjosts,  munitions,  arms,  etc.,  to  the  authorities  of  Texas. 

Abraliam  Lincoln,  the  president  elect,  left  his  home  at  Springfield,  in  this  State,  on 
the  11th  of  February,  1861,  and  from  that  city  to  Baltimore  was  one  long  ovation. 
Advised  and  alarmed  at  the  condition  of  affairs  herein  quoted,  the  loj'al  people  of  the 
North  were  anxious  for  an  outline  of  the  policy  the  incoming  president  would  pursue 
toward  the  disloj'al  element  of  the  South.  At  all  of  the  principal  cities  —  at  Indianapolis, 
on  the  evening  of  the  11th  ;  at  Cincinnati,  on  the  12th  ;  at  New  York,  at  Trenton,  at 
Philadelphia  —  large  crowds  oi  excited  people  were  present  to  hear  from  his  own  lips 
some  declaration  that  would  give  them  courage  to  hope  that  no  means  delegated  to  him 
as  President,  b}'  the  constitution  and  the  laws,  would  be  spared  to  suppress  the  rebellion 
and  maintain  the  Union  in  its  integrity.  And  they  were  not  disappointed.  However 
cautiously  and  guardedly  he  spoke,  he  said  enough  to  convince  his  hearers  that  they  were 
not  mistaken  in  their  estimate  of  the  man  and  his  inflexible  purpose  to  exhaust  every 
means  within  the  power  of  the  constitution  and  the  people  to  suppress  the  rebellion  ;  that, 
while  he  deprecated  the  shedding  of  blood  and  desired  peace,  he  would  maintain  the 
unity  of  the  States  at  any  and  every  cost. 

24 


362  HISTORY    OF   PKOIU.V   COUXTT. 

At  Baltimore,  he  eluded  the  vigilance  of  scheming  conspirators,  and  reached  Wash- 
ington oaSaturday  inoniing,  the  2-id —  twelve  days  after  he  left  Springfield — and  in  ad- 
vance of  all  expectation.  Tlireats  had  been  made  of  a  forcible  prevention  of  his  inauguration, 
but  the  thorough  preparations  of  Lieutenant  General  Scott  prevented  any  outbreak  and 
secured  the  utmost  quiet. 

The  inauguration  ceremonies  took  place  in  front  of  the  Capitol,  and  were  witnessed* 
by  a  vast  concourse  of  citizens.  Before  taking  the  oatli,  Mr.  Lincoln  pronounced,  in  a 
clear,  ringing  voice,  his  inaugural  address,  to  hear  whicii  there  was  an  almost  painful 
solicitude,  to  read  wliicli  the  whole  American  people  and  the  civilized  world  awaited 
with  irrepressible  anxiety.  With  that  address  and  the  administration  of  the  oath  of  oflSce, 
the  people  were  assured.  All  doubt,  if  any  had  previously  existed,  was  removed.  In 
the  hands  of  Abraham  Lincoln,  the  people's  president,  and  himself  of  the  people,  the 
government  was  safe  —  peaceably  if  possible,  forcibly  if  necessary. 

Traitors  were  still  busy  plotting  and  planning.  Troops  were  mustering  in  all  the 
seceded  States.  Friday,  April  V2,  the  surrender  of  Fort  Sumter,  with  its  garrison  of 
sixty  effective  men,  was  demanded  and  bravely  refused  by  the  gallant  Major  Anderson. 
Saturday  morning,  the  l:3th,  about  four  o'clock,  fire  was  opened  upon  the  helpless  garrison 
by  the  rebel  forces,  numbered  by  thousands.  Resistance  was  useless,  and  at  last  the 
National  colors  were  hauled  down  and  trailed  in  the  dust.  Sundav  morning,  tiie  I4th, 
the  news  of  the  surrender  was  received  in  all  tiie  principal  cities  of  the  Union.  That 
was  all,  but  that  was  enough  I 

A  day  later,  when  the  news  was  confirmed  and  spread  tlirough  the  country,  the 
patriot  people  of  the  North  were  startled  from  their  dreams  of  the  future  —  from  under- 
takings half  completed  —  and  made  to  realize  tliat  behind  tliat  niol)  there  was  a  dark, 
deep  and  well  organized  purpose  to  destroy  the  government,  rend  the  Union  in  twain, 
and  out  of  its  ruins  erect  a  slave  oligarchy,  wherein  no  one  would  dare  question  their 
right  to  hold  in  bondage  the  sons  and  daughters  of  men  whose  skins  were  black,  or  who, 
perchance,  through  practices  of  lustful  natures,  were  half  or  quarter  removed  from  the 
color  that  God,  in  his  wisdom,  had  given  them.  But  they  "  reckoned  without  their  host." 
Their  dreams  of  liie  future  —  their  plans  for  the  establishment  of  an  independent  con- 
federacy —  were  doomed  from  their  inception  to  sad  and  l)itter  disappointment. 

Everywhere  north  of  Mason  and  Dixon's  line  the  voice  of  Providence  was  heard : — 

"  Draw  forth  your  million  blades  as  one  ; 
Complete  the  battle  now  begun  I 
God  FIGHTS  WITH   YE,  and  overhead 
Floats  the  dear  banner  of  your  dead. 
They  and  the  glories  of   the  I'asl, 
The  Future,  dawning  dim  and  vast. 
And  all  the  holiest  hopes  of  Man, 
Are  beaming  triumph  in  your  van. 

"  Slow  to  resolve,  be  swift  to  do  ! 
Teach  ye  the   False  how  hght  the  True  ' 
How  bucklered   I'erfidy  shall  feel 
In   her  black  heart,  the   I'al riot's  steel; 
Mow  sure  tile  boh   that  Justice  wings; 
How  weak  the  arm   a  traitor  brings; 
How  mighly  they  who  steadfast  siand 
For  Freedom's   Flag  and   Freedom's   Land  '" 

On  Monday  the  16th  day  of  April,  President  Lincoln  issued  the  following: 

PROCLAMATION. 

Whereas,  the  laws  of  the  United  States  have  been  for  some  time  past  and  now  are 
opposed,  and  the  execution  thereof  obstructed,  in  the  States  of  South  Carolina,  Alabama, 


HISTORY   OF   PEORIA   COUNTY.  363 

Florida,  Mississippi,  Louisiana  and  Texas,  b}-  combinations  too  powerful  to  be  suppressed 
by  the  ordinary  course  of  judicial  proceedings,  or  by  the  powers  vested  in  the  marshals : 
Now,  therefore,  I,  Abraham  Lincoln,  President  of  the  United  States,  in  virtue  of  the 
power  in  me  vested  by  the  constitution  and  the  laws,  have  thought  to  call  forth,  and 
hereby  do  call  forth,  the  militia  of  the  several  States  of  the  Union  to  the  aggregate  num- 
ber of  seve7ity-five  thousand,  in  order  to  suppress  said  combinations,  and  to  cause  the  laws 
to  be  duly  executed. 

The  details  for  this  subject  will  be  immediately  communicated  to  the  State  authori- 
ties through  the  War  Department.  I  appeal  to  all  loyal  citizens  to  favor,  facilitate,  and 
aid  this  eifort  to  maintain  the  honor,  the  integrity,  and  existence  of  our  National  Union, 
and  the  perpetuity  of  popular  government,  and  to  redress  wrongs  already  long  endured. 
I  deem  it  proper  to  say  that  the  first  services  assigned  to  the  forces  hereby  called  forth, 
will  probably  be  to  re-possess  the  forts,  places  and  property,  which  have  been  seized 
from  the  Union  ;  and  in  every  event  the  utmost  care  will  be  observed,  consistently  with 
the  objects  aforesaid,  to  avoid  an}'  devastation,  any  destruction  of,  or  interference  with, 
property,  or  any  disturbance  of  peaceful  citizens  in  any  part  of  the  country  ;  and  I  iiereby 
command  the  persons  composing  the  combinations  aforesaid,  to  disperse  and  retire  peace- 
abl}'  to  their  respective  abodes,  within  twenty  da3's  from  this  date. 

Deeming  that  the  present  condition  of  public  affairs  presents  an  extraordinary  occa- 
sion, I  do  hereby,  in  virtue  of  the  power  in  me  vested  by  the  constitution,  convene  both 
Houses  of  Congress.  The  Senators  and  Representatives  are  therefore,  summoned  to 
assemble  at  their  respectative  Chambers  at  twelve  o'clock,  noon,  on  Thursday,  the  fourth 
day  of  July  next,  then  and  there  to  consider  and  determine  sucli,  measures  as,  in  their 
wisdom,  the  public  safet}'  and  interest  may  seem  to  demand. 

In  witness  thereof,  I  have  hereunto  set  my  hand,  and  caused  the  seal  of  the  United 
States  to  be  affixed. 

Done  at  the  City  of  Washington,  this  fifteenth  day  of  April,  in  the  year  of  our  Lord 
one  thousand  eight  hundred  and  sixty-one,  and  of  the  independence  of  the  United  States, 
the  eighty-fifth.  By  the  President, 

Abraham  Lincoln. 

William  H.  Seward,  Secretary  of  State. 

The  last  word  of  this  proclamation  had  scarcely  been  taken  from  the  electric  wires 
before  the  call  was  filled.  Men  and  money  were  counted  out  by  hundreds  and  thousands.' 
The  people  who  loved  their  whole  government  could  not  give  enough.  Patriotism 
thrilled,  and  vibrated,  and  pulsated  through  every  heart.  The  farm,  the  workshop,  the 
office,  the  pulj^it,  the  bar,  the  bench,  the  college,  the  school-house — everj-  calling  offered 
its  best  men,  their  lives  and  fortunes  in  defense  of  the  government's  honor  and  unit}'. 
Party  lines  were,  for  the  time,  ignored.  Bitter  words,  spoken  in  moments  of  political 
heat,  were  forgotten  and  forgiven,  and,  joining  hands  in  a  common  cause,  they  repeated 
the  oath  of  America's  soldier  statesman :  "  By  the  G-reat  Eternal,  the  Union  must  and 
shall  he  preserved  !  " 

Seventy-five  thousand  men  were  not  enough  to  subdue  the  rebellion.  Nor  were  ten 
times  that  number.  The  war  went  on,  and  call  followed  call,  until  it  began  to  look  as  if 
there  would  not  be  men  enough  in  all  the  Free  States  to  crush  out  and  subdue  the 
monstrous  war  traitors  had  inaugurated.  But  to  every  call,  for  either  men  or  money, 
there  was  a  willing  and  a  ready  response.  And  it  is  a  boast  of  the  people  that,  had  the 
supply  of  men  fallen  short,  there  were  women  brave  enough,  daring  enough,  patriotic 
enough,  to  have  offered  themselves  as  sacrifices  on  their  country's  .altar. 

The  gauntlet  thrown  down  by  the  traitors  of  the  South  was  accepted — not,  however, 
in  the  spirit  with  which  insolence  meets  insolence — but  with  a  firm,  determined  spii'it  of 
patriotism  and  love  of  country.  The  duty  of  the  President  was  plain  under  the  constitu- 
tion and  the  laws,  and  above  and  beyond  all,  the  people  from  whom  all  political  power  is 


364  HISTORY  OF  PEORIA  COUNTY. 

derived,  demaiuleil  tlie  suppression  of  the  rebellion,  and  stood  i«ady  to  sustain  the  author- 
ity of  their  representative  and  executive  officers  to  tiie  utmost  extremity. 

Ill  the  apportionment  of  troops  covered  by  President  Lincol.i's  proclamation,  it  was 
found  that  tlie  quota  of  Illinois  would  be  six  regiments,  of  which  fact  Governor  Yates 
was  advised  by  telegraph  under  date  of 

"  Washingto.s,  April  15,  1861. 
"  His  Excellency,  Kichaid  Yales  : 

"Call  made  on  you  by  lo-niyht's  mail  for  six   regiments  for  immediate  service. 

"Simon  Cameron,  Secretary  of  War." 

The  sentiments  and  position  of  Governor  Yates  were  well  known.  His  convictions 
were  well  settled,  and  there  was  no  room  to  doubt  that  he  would  use  every  means  to 
maintain  the  unity  of  tiie  States.  Immediately  upon  receipt  of  the  above  dispatch  he  is- 
sued the  following  proclamation : 

"  SrRlNGKiELD.  111.,  .\pril  15,  1S61. 

"  I.  Richard  Yates,  Governor  of  the  State  of  Illinois,  by  virtue  of  the  authority  vested  in  me  by  the  Consti- 
tution, hereby  convene  the  Legislature  of  the  State,  and  the  members  of  the  twenty-second  session  of  the  Cieneial 
Assembly  are  hereby  required  to  be  and  appear  in  their  respective  places,  at  the  Capitol,  on  Tuesday,  the  twenty- 
third  day  of  .April,  A.  1)..  1S61,  for  the  purpose  of  enacting  such  laws  and  adoptini^  such  measures  as  may  be  deemed 
necessary,  upon  the  following  subjects  ;  The  more  perfect  organization  and  equipment  of  the  mditia  of  the  Slate, 
and  placing  the  same  upon  the  best  footing  to  render  assistance  to  the  Cleneral  Government  in  preserving  the  Union, 
enforcing  the  laws  and  protecting  the  property  and  rights  of  the  people  ;  also,  the  raising  of  such  money  and  other 
means  as  may  be  required  to  carry  rut  the   foregoing  objects  ;  and  also,  to  provide  for  the  expenses  of  such   session. 

"  In  testimony  whereof,  I  hereunto  set  my  hand,  and  have  caused  the  Great  Seal  of  the  State  to  be  hereunto  af- 
fixed at  the  city  of  Springfield,  the  15th  day  of  April,  A.  D.,  1S61.  Riciiakd  Yates. 

"  By  order  of  the  Governor: 

"O.  M.  Hatch,  Secretary  of  State." 

Judge  Allen  C.  Fuller,  of  Hoone  county,  was  appointed  Adjutant  General.  General 
Order  No.  1  was  isstied  on  the  l.')tli,  from  head-quarters  at  Springlield,  directing  all  com- 
mandants of  divisions,  brigades,  regiments  and  companies  to  hold  themselves  ready  for 
actual  service  ;  and  on  the  10th,  Order  No.  2  [aovided  for  the  immediate  organization  of 
the  six  regiments,  and  within  ten  days  more  than  ten  tiiousand  men  had  offered  their 
services ;  and  in  addition  to  the  force  despatched  to  Cairo,  more  than  the  full  quota  was 
in  camp  at  Springfield. 

The  readiness  with  which  the  first  call  was  filled,  together  with  the  embarrassments 
that  surrounded  President  Lincoln  in  the  absence  of  sufficient  laws  to  authorize  liim  to 
meet  the  unliol}',  unluoked  for  and  unexpected  emergency  —  an  emergency  that  had 
never  been  anticipated  by  the  wisest  and  best  of  America's  statesmen  —  together  with  an 
under-estiinute  of  the  magnitude  of  the  rebellion  and  a  general  lielicf  that  the  war  could 
not.  and  would  not  last  more  tlian  three  months,  ciiecked,  rather  than  encouraged,  the 
patriotic  ardor  of  liie  people.  Hut  very  few  of  the  men,  comparatively  speaking,  who 
volunteered  in  response  to  President  Lincoln's  call  for  75,000  volunteers  for  three  months, 
were  accepted.  But  the  time  soon  came  when  there  was  a  place  and  a  musket  for  every 
man.  Call  followed  call  in  (luick  succession,  until  the  nuniljcr  reachcil  the  grand  total 
of  3,a3'.»,748,  as  follows : 

April  16,  1S61,  for  three  months 75.00O 

May  4,  1 861,  for  five  years 64.748 

July,  1 86 1,  for  three  years 500,000 

July  18,  1862,  for  three  years 300,000 

August  4.  1862,  for  nine  months 300,000 

June,  1863,  for  three  years 300,000 

Oitober  17.  1 863,  for  three  years 300,000 

I'ebruary  18,  1SO4,  for  three  years 500,000 

July  10,  1864,  for  three  years 300,000 

July  16,  1864,  for  one,  two  and  three  years 500,000 

Uecember  21,  1864,  for  three  yean 300,000—3,339,748 

TMR   WAK   .Sl'IKIT   AT   HOMB. 

Tlie  tocsin  of  war  wius  sounded.     Meelings  were  held  in  all  the  townships,  at  which 


IIISTOT5Y   OF   PEORIA    (orXTV.  365 

stirring  and  spirited  addresses  were  made,  and  resolutions  adopted  that  admitted  of  but 
one  interpretation.  Tiie  spirit  of  the  people  in  the  earh'  da3's  of  the  war  is  clearly  re- 
flected in  the  following  preamble  and  resolutions  : 

Whereas,  It  becomes  American  citizens  to  know  no  political  law  but  their  country's  welfare;  and  whereas, 
the  flag  of  our  country  has  been  insulted,  and  the  laws  set  at  defiance  by  formidably  organized  bands  of  lawless 
men,  whose  avowed  purpose  and  overt  acts  are  high  treason  against  ihe  government,  therefore, 

Resoked,  That  in  the  present  endangered  condition  of  the  country,  all  true  patriots  will  ignore  all  party  differ- 
ences and  distinctions,  and  will  unite  in  rendering  all  the  aid  within  their  power  lo  the  Federal  Executive  in  execut- 
ing the  laws  and  defending  the  honor  of  their  national  flag. 

2.  That  we  recognize  the  form  of  government  formed  by  our  fathers  and  baptized  in  their  blood,  the  best  ever 
ofTered  in  sacred  cause,  tlie  birthright  of  citizens,  and  to  be  given  up  but  with  their  lives. 

3.  That  we  are  unalterably  for  the  Union  oj  the  Stales,  one  and  inseparable,  now  and  forever. 

THE   FIRST   WAR   MEETING. 

There  is  some  difficulty  in  fixing  the  date  of  the  first  war  meeting  in  Peoria.  The 
newspaper  ofiices  were  consulted,  but  without  result.  The  Transcript  was  the  only  daily 
newspaper  published  here  at  that  time,  and  the  file  of  that  paper  for  the  first  six  months 
of  1861  is  not  to  be  found  in  the  office,  and  thus  we  are  left  to  the  memory  of  men. 

As  to  the  time  and  place  of  tlie  first  war  meeting,  accounts  differ.  Some  assert  that 
the  first  meeting  was  held  at  Rouse's  Hall ;  others,  that  it  was  held  in  tlie  court-house. 
Mr.  D.  J.  Calligan  and  others  maintain  that  the  first  meeting  was  an  impromptu  one,  and 
that  it  was  held  in  the  public  square  on  Sunday,  the  l-3th  day  of  April.  These  authori- 
ties say  that  as  the  news  of  the  surrender  of  Fort  Sumter  spread  through  the  city,  the 
people  came  together  by  a  common  impulse.  All  accounts  agree  that  the  meeting  was  a 
large  one,  that  the  corner  of  the  square  and  the  streets  adjacent  were  packed  with  men 
who  were  wild  with  excitement.  Tliere  was  no  formal  organization,  no  recognized  leader. 
The  friends  of  the  administration  were  confirmed  in  patriotism,  and  enthusiastic  in  their 
determination  to  stand  by  the  Union,  the  constitution,  the  enforcement  of  the  laws,  and 
the  administration  in  the  suppression  of  the  rebellion,  cost  what  it  might. 

Those  who  were  opposed  to  coercion,  and  they  were  not  wanting  in  numbers  in  the 
early  da3's  of  the  rebellion,  were  equally  determined  and  expressive  in  action,  and  per- 
sonal collisions  were  momentarily  imminent.  It  was  a  boisterous  meeting,  but  happily 
for  all,  the  better  sentiments  of  the  disturbed  elements  prevailed,  and  there  were  no 
serious  breaches  of  the  peace.  As  the  war  advanced  the  force  of  the  anti-coercionists 
weakened  in  number,  and  before  a  year  had  passed  there  was  scarcely  a  corporal's  guard 
of  them  left.  Prominent  men,  whose  position  was  not  positively  known  when  the  war 
commenced,  wheeled  into  line,  and  almost  as  one  man  the  people  of  Peoria  county,  with- 
out distinction  of  party,  gave  their  support  and  offered  their  lives  and  their  mone}'  in 
defense  of  the  Union. 

Peoria's  first  offering. 

The  National  Blues,  an  independent  military  organization  dating  from  the  12th  of 
July,  1856,  besides  contributing  a  large  number  of  its  members  to  the  private  ranks  and 
furnishing  some  of  the  ablest  officers  known  in  the  army,  was  an  invaluable  auxiliary  in 
directing  enlistments,  organizing  and  equiping  companies  and  hurrying  them  off  to  the 
front.  In  many  other  ways  the  Blues  added  largely  to  the  success  of  war  movements  in 
the  city  and  county  of  Peoria.  In  fact,  tliis  company  was  the  nucleus  of  an  army  of 
nearly  five  thousand  heroes  that  went  from  Peoria  county  in  defense  of  tlie  Union. 

Backed  and  encouraged  by  this  influence,  it  was  not  many  hours  after  General  Order 
No.  2  was  issued  from  headquarters  at  Springfield  till  the  formation  of  a  company  was 
commenced.  John  Wetzel,  then  fift3'-two  years  of  age,  as  brave  a  man  as  ever  shoul- 
dered a  musket,  and  as  good  an  officer  as  ever  drew  a  sword  or  gave  a  word  of  command  ; 
Charles  E.  Denison,  who  was  true  to  the  death  ;  Alex.  Jackelfalusy,  a  countryman  of 
Kossuth,  and  whose  love  of  freedom  and  liberty  was  inspired  by  the  teaching  and  example 


368  HISTORY  OF  PEORIA  COUNTY. 

of  that  Hungarian  patriot ;  D.  D.  Snyder,  Antony  Rhoerig,  Henry  C.  Pierce  and  Otto 
Funk,  of  the  Blues,  were  among  the  very  first  to  step  to  tlie  front  and  pledge  their  lives 
in  defense  of  freedom's  holy  cause.  Others  followed  in  quick  succession,  and  almost 
before  the  fact  was  realized  ninety-six  men  had  enrolled  their  names  and  were  ready  to 
march  to  the  fore. 

The  companv  took  the  name  of  the  National  Blues,  and  commenced  drilling  daily 
and  nightly  with  Lieutenant  Wetzel  as  drill  master.  The  arms  of  the  parent  Blues  were 
turned  over  to  the  new  organization,  and  the  men  made  rapid  headway  in  the  manual  of 
compan}-  maneuvers. 

The  company  left  Peoria  for  Springfield,  the  place  of  rendezvous,  by  way  of  the  S., 
P.  and  B.  Railroad  at  U  :  15  o'clock  A.  M.,  on  Wednesday,  April  24.  T^liey  were  escort- 
ed to  tile  depot  by  Captain  Norton's  company  of  volunteers,  the  Zouave  Cadets,  and  the 
Emmet  (iuards  and  an  immense  concourse  of  citizens,  the  procession  being  led  by  the 
two  Peoria  bands.  Want  of  time  prevented  any  formal  demonstrations  at  the  depot. 
The  boys  were  hurried  into  the  cars,  and  amid  loud  huzzas,  waving  of  handkerchiefs, 
etc.,  the  train  moved  away  from  the  depot  and  was  soon  beyond  the  sight  and  hearing 
of  their  homes  and  friends.  The  Tran»cript,  of  the  2oth,  said:  "The  boys  behaved 
excellently  well  at  parting  with  their  friends,  who  crowded  about  them,  some  in  tears, 
but  more  with  words  of  cheer  and  encouragement.  The  Cecilian  Brass  Band,  J.  J.  Mur- 
ray, leader,  accompanied  the  volunteers  to  Springfield.  A  few  miles  this  side  of  Wash- 
ington, a  hanger  on  the  center  car  of  the  train  broke,  causing  a  delay  of  about  an  hour. 
At  Washington,  Cruger,  Eureka  and  Secor,  large  crowds  were  gathered  at  the  stations 
and  lustily  eh'-ered  the  volunteers  as  they  passed.     At  El  Paso  the  people  turned  out  en 

masse,  with  fife  and  drum,  and  gave  the  company  an  enthusiastic  reception. 

«»«  •  ««  ••  •  •  ••• 

"  The  company  took  with  them  the  cartridge-boxes  and  muskets  of  the  National 
Blues,  and  a  few  rifles.  The  muskets  are  very  good  of  the  kind,  being  old  flint-lock 
guns  altered  to  percussion.  A  large  number  of  the  company  also  went  provided  with 
Colt's  revolvers  and  bowie  knives.  Altogether,  they  were  a  fine-looking  set  of  boys, 
and  we  doubt  if  Illinois  produces  a  finer  company  out  of  her  whole  quota." 

When  the  company  came  to  be  mustered  in  at  Springfield  on  the  2oth  of  April,  Cap- 
tain Denison  and  Lieutenant  Wetzel  were  advised  by  the  mustering  officer  that  only 
sixtv-four  men  would  be  recognized  as  a  full  company.  This  was  a  dampener  on  their 
order,  for  they  knew  the  boys  all  wanted  to  go.  How  to  avoid  the  contingency,  tiiey 
scarcely  knew.  But,  putting  their  heads  together,  they  overhauled  the  list  of  ninety-six 
and  set  aside  those  they  believed  to  be  least  fitted  for  active  military  duty.  There  were 
just  thirty-two —  half  a  company  — more  men  than  were  wanted  for  a  full  company  un- 
der the  rule  of  the  mustering  officer,  and  that  number  was  marked  off.  The  following  is 
a  certified  register  of  the  company  as  sworn  in  ;  together  with  the  nativity  and  occupa- 
tion of  each  member: 

OFFlrERS   AND    MTSICIANS. 


Name.  R»nk.  Age.  N»tivily  and  Oc'p'n. 

Denison,  Chas.  E.  .Captain, 34  Vt.,  civ.  engee'r. 

Welzcl,  John 1st  Lieut 52  Pa.,  carpenter. 

Proetjstinc,  Chas 2d     do     Sg  Prussia,  merch'l. 

Kussell.  John Ser.  Maj.  Rg.  32  Ireland,       ilo 

Rcslor,  Geo.  L ad  Ast.Qr.  M.  24  Illinois,  lawyer. 

Whcaton.  l.oyd ist  SerReant  .    22   Mich.,  civ.  cng. 

Wilson,  Robert.      .2d         <io        .   3a  Kngland,  potter. 
Jackelfalusy,  AIex..3d         do        .    30  Mungar)-,  civ.eng. 


Name.  Rank.  Age.  Nativity  and  Oc'p'n. 

King,  Fred.  A 4th  Sergeant.   24  111.,  book  keeper. 

Keiss,  Charles l$t  Corporal.   34  Prussia.  act«r. 

Snyder,!).   I> ad         do       .   38   Pa.,  blacksmith, 

Rhoerig,  Antony  ..  .3d         do        .   ag  France,  grocer. 

Caldwell,  Sam'l 4th       do       .ay  Pa.,  printer. 

Pierce.  Henry  C .. . .  Fifer 23   Mass.,  carpenter. 

Walton,  Henry Drummer...  30  Pa.,  clerk. 


HISTORY   OF   PEORIA  COUNTY. 


367 


PRIVATES. 


Name.  Age 

Anderson,  Irwin 27 

Babb,  Timothy 27 

Bohm,  John 28 

Brauns,  Otto 27 

Carmer,  Lawrence 2t) 

Christ,  Karl  M 25 

Comminish,  David 20 

Funke,  Otto _.  2S 

Forrester,  Asa  B 23 

Frazer.  Chas.  H 30 

Frye,  Chastain  S- 21 

Gray,  \Vm.  H 19 

Gorsuch,  Noah  H 23 

Gilliard,  John  P 24 

Gruse,  Gustavus 24 

Guuntele,  Francis 22 

Gingrisch,  Jacob Ig 

Gillig,  Chas.  E 30 

Gauss,  William ig 

Greenleaf,   Henry  B 21 

Hetzel,   Fred 27 

Hahle,  Charles 24 

Harrison,  A.  Y 35 

Hurd,  Geo.  W 22 

Humphries,  James 24 

Irons,  C.  D 22 

Jackel,  Amandus 2g 

Julg,  Basil 29 

Keener,  Henry  N 20 

Karl,  Joseph 26 

Kluge,  Gustavus 21 

Kalmback,  Reynold 28 


Nativity  aod  Occupation. 
Ireland.  R.  R.  contractor. 
N.  Hampshire,  physician. 
France,  cooper. 
Prussia,  butcher. 
New  York,  dentist. 
Hesse  Darmstadt,  clerk, 
Switzerland,   cigar  maker. 
Prussia,  printer. 
New  York,  cooper. 
Prussia,  watch  maker. 
Illinois,  clerk. 
Illinois,  student. 
Illinois,  carpenter. 
Penn.,  cabinet  maker, 
Prussia,  clerk. 
Bavaria,  printer. 
Illinois,  farmer. 
Hesse  Dam'tdt,  hotel  pro. 
Wirtemberg,  painter. 
Connecticut,  dentist. 
Baden,  shoemaker. 
Saxony,  carpenter. 
Tennessee,  printer. 
New  York,  clerk. 
England,  shoemaker. 
New  York,  student. 
Prussia,  painter. 
Baden,  cooper. 
Illinois,  clerk. 
Bavaria,  cooper. 
Prussia,  wagon  maker. 
Poland,  clerk. 


Name.  Age, 

Kellogg,  John  H 20 

Kuehnle,  Joseph _.  32 

Lawson,  Benj.  F 21 

Loomis,  Andrew 28 

Lutz,  Henry 30 

Miller,  Rudolphus 25 

Martins,  Frederick. 23 

Moldenhower,  Ernest 25 

Martin,  Otis  P 32 

Mond,  August 21 

Moehl,  Emil 27 

McCormick,  Seth  ._ 27 

Niglas,  Ignatz 25 

Nafzigen,  Jacob ,_  31 

Oberhauser,  William 25 

Pfeiffer,  Chas.  H 26 

Rohlman.  Oscar 25 

Schulte,  Otto_ 25 

Stutsman,  X 27 

Schroeder,  Louis 30 

Schuman,  Fred 24 

Thomas,  Jacob 32 

Voris,  Robert. 21 

Van  Bramer,  J 23 

Willis,  Charles 21 

Wetzlau,  Julius 24 

Wetzlau,  Gustavus 26 

Wasson,  James  T 21 

Wrage,  Henry 25 

Wilson,  Joseph  F 24 

Zindle,  George 28 

Zeidler,  William... 28 


Nativity  and  Occupation. 
Illinois,  clerk. 
Wirtemberg,  farmer. 
Pennsylvania,  clerk. 
Missouri,  plasterer. 
Hesse  Darmstadt,  brewer. 
Prussia,  clerk. 
Holstein,  fresco  painter. 
Prussia,  sur.  and  engineer. 
Pennsylvania,  printer. 
Missouri,  miner, 
Prussia,  druggist. 
Pennsylvania,  agent. 
Austria,  printer. 
Wirtemberg,   clerk. 
.A-Ustria,  clerk. 
Bavaria,  tailor. 
Prussia,  clerk. 
Prussia,  druggist. 
France,  shoemaker. 
Prussia,  actor. 
Saxony,  brewer. 
Hesse  Darmstadt,  printer. 
Illinois,  farmer. 
New  York,  tinner. 
Illinois,  clerk. 
Bohemia,  clerk. 
Bohemia,  barber. 
New  York,  farmer. 
Holstein,  carpenter. 
Illinois,  lawyer. 
Hesse  Cassel,  shoemaker. 
Prussia,  clerk. 


LoYD  Wheaton,   Orderly. 

The  above  is  correct. 

Charles  E.  Denison. 
Capt.  Co.  E.  8th  Reg.  III.  Vols. 

This  company  was  mustered  in  with  the  Eighth  Illinois,  and  was  designated  as 
"  Company  E." 

Other  companies  besides  the  Blues  had  a  surplus  of  men,  and  when  the  organization 
of  the  Eighth  was  fully  completed,  enough  men  were  left  for  nearly  three  other  full 
companies,  which  were  organized.  Some  of  the  rejected  thirty-two  from  the  Blues,  as 
originally  reported,  joined  these  companies,  and  some  others  waited  for  another  chance 
to  "  fall  in  "  with  the  company  with  which  they  started  out.  A  sketch  of  the  history  of 
the  Eighth  and  of  Company  E  will  be  found  in  the  regimental  history,  published  in  con- 
nection herewith.  Suffice  it  to  say  here,  that  not  one  of  the  men  were  killed,  and  that 
only  one  of  them  died  while  in  the  ninety  day  service.  All  but  this  one  came  home 
happy  and  jubilant  as  only  brave  soldiers  can  be,  and  ready  to  "  pick  the  flint  and  try  it 
again,"  which  they  did  by  re-enlisting  when  the  Eighth  was  reorganized. 


Peohia  County  War  Eecord. 


ABBUEVIATIONS. 


Adjl Adjutant 

Art Artillery 

Bat Battalion 

Capt CaptalD 

captd captu  red 

C3T cavalry 

CO ..company 

Col Colonel 

com CO  in  missioned 

Comsy Com  m  Issao' 

corpi corporal 

desrtd deserted 


Uisab ilUattle^l 

dlsd di8Ch;iiK<-<l 

e enllst'Ml 

eicd exchangetl 

Gen Q«*neral 

hon.  dlsd honorably  dl8Chart:cd 

Inf Infant  r>- 

kld killed 

Lieut Lieutenant 

MaJ Major 

m.o mustered  out 


1 1  ro prc>niot*d 

I»rlsr prlson^T 

tec recruit 

R«gt Regiment 

re-e re-enllsted 

res reslffDod 

serfTt ftenrean  t 

sub substitute 

trans transferred 

Tet Teteran 

wd wounded 


8(h  lurantry  (8  Months). 

COMPANY    K. 

CHi>laiu, 
Chas.  E.  Dciinlson,  e.  April  '^2,  '61. 

Li  euteo  Hilts. 
Klrst.  John  Wotiel,  e.  April  'i'i,  til. 
Second.  Chas.  Proebstlne,  f.  April  '^2,  '61. 

HerifeantJ*. 
Wtii'atuii  I^>yd.  Ist,  e.  April  25,  '61,  m.o.  July  20.  '61. 
Wliv.ri  KolM-rt. 
J-i.  kfir;ilUN>   Alfx, 
King  Fred.  A. 

CorporHla. 

R*>l8s  Charleii.  e.  April  *«*5,  '61,  m.o.  July  35,  '61. 
Snyder  David  IK  '* 

Kot'lirlK  Antony,  "  "  " 

Caldwell  Kautuel,  "  "  '* 

MuMlclaiis. 

Pierce  Henry  C.  e.  April  25.  '61,  ni.u.  July  26.  6*61. 
Watton  Henry,  "  " 

Frlvut^n. 

Andemun   Irwlii,  e.  April  '^5.  '61.  m.o.  July  25,  '61. 
llalih  Tininthy. 

Itollll  .loliK,  "  *• 

ItrautiN  Ullo,  "  " 

CariHT  l^wri'nce,  "  " 

ChrlNl  C'lrl  .M. 

r<inini«-imi-nsl4'h  David,      "  " 

Knirki^Otio.  "  " 

I'oirt'Htt'r  Ana  It.  *• 

I'lazcr  ('hattaiKo  8.  "  " 

I'ry  riiarles  O. 

4ira\  William  II. 

(iumucli  .Nniih  II.  "  " 

(Hlllnnl  .lohii  I'. 

, 1.    I..     (.,  itMld. 

I  iVUft,  *•  " 

>    oil, 
.  >  K. 
ij.HH.  \\  lihiim. 
<Jr»*'iilrjif  llniry  II. 
M.l/rl  J'r.d.Tlck, 
ll:»l  If  (li.irlcs. 

Urn  rlitiii  A.  Y.  *•  ** 

lliird  ii.-..rKi'  W. 

lliiiii|ilir)<*H  .l.-imm,  ••  " 

Iroiin  riinrlfM  It.  "  '* 

•Inrki-I  AnittiKhii.  "  " 

Jul\  llaxll. 
Krrli.T  lliiiry  H. 

K.irl  JoNrpt),  •'  " 

KlUKt)  UuHlnvus, 


KoUniiuck  Rornolds.  e.  April  SS,  '61,  m.o.  July  25.  *61. 

Kello^'K  John  H. 

Kuehiile  Joseph,  "  "  " 

I..awsiiii  Beiijaiiilii.  "  "  " 

I^^tomls  Andrew. 

Lutz  Henry, 

MllltT  KotloIphUH, 

Martins  Kret^trlck. 

Mol*l«*iihowrr  Kmest, 

.Martin  Otis  P. 

Mund  AuKuat,  **  "  " 

Moehl  Emll. 

McCormtck  .Seth,  "  "  " 

Nltrla.-*s  iK'iiat/.. 

Nof/lRtT  Jar«tli,  "  "  " 

OUerhaiiMT  William. 

Plufler  Charles  H. 

Rullaman  Oscar.  "  "  " 

SchulleOHo. 

.Stutsmun  Xavlor.  *'  "  '• 

Kcliroi'der  Louis,  "  ■■  " 

Schuman  Fredrick,  "  " 

Thonms  Jarnh, 

Vorls  Rol.crt. 

Van  BraiHT  John.  " 

Wills  Charlin. 

Wciilan  .lulluii. 

Wculaiul  (tiistavUB, 

Wassnn  James  T.  "  "  " 

Wrane  Henry.  •'  "  '• 

WUsuii  Joseph  T.  "  ••  " 

ZIndle  (fonrge,  "  "  •' 

Zcldler  WllTlaiu. 


7th    liit'aiitry  (<*{  YearN). 

<*I»MPANV    II. 

.SftrKmiit. 

Drew  Ulchanl  W.  e.  Feb.  34,  '65.  m.u  New  York  city.  May  13.  '65. 

i-urpormla. 

Prolaman  Jamb  c.  r>.  Prb  34.  '65.  m.o.  Philadelphia,  July  H.  '65. 
Smilh  William.  ■>.  Frb.  30.  'tiV  m.o.  Jul)  9.  '65. 
Coimiv  Aaron,  r.  Keh.  SO.  '65,  m.o.  a.<«  private.  July  9.  '65. 
Bunn  NVIIIIam  C.  e.  Feb.  23.  'o&,  pro.  srrgt.  m.o.  July  9.  '65. 

I'rIvAlra. 

Ilauman  AnRUSt.  e  Fri>.  31,  '65.  m.o.  Julv  9,  '65. 
Itrlntol  Jamci*.  <•  FrI.  31.  'h5.  mo  Jul>  lo.  '65. 
HriHiol  rynit  oh " 


Hritiol  rvriKt  o 
Cornrll  (ieornr. 

l'ro«<'  l*«:*r,  V     I 
CurtlN  Austin  H 
Klv  Nalhati  J.  •■ 
Falroitnr  Thuma 
tlraiTA  Jiutprr,  e 


Jul)  y.  ■«5. 
I  .  'i    I    >s'i    111  •)  .litn*-  3.  '65. 
u  ..   Jiiiv  10.  *65 
1.  m  o  Jiii\  10.  '65. 
iii.o  July  p.  '6.V 
'J4I.  '65.  m.o.  July  10,  '65. 
'65.  m.o  July  9.  '65. 


iiravrs  .iiisprr.  e,  rrn.  s.i.    «.">.  m.o,  .iiiiy  \i. 
Uray  John,  c.  Feb.  113,  '65.  m.  u.  July  9.  'bt 


PEORIA   COUNTY   WAR   RECORD. 


369 


Gaudell  Charles,  e.  Feb.  23.  '65.  m.o.  .Tuly  9,  'K. 

GlfforU  John  B.  e.  Feb.  20.  '65,  pro.  corjil.  m.o.  July  9.  '65. 

Haslcnch  Joseph,  e.  Feb.  21.  '65.  m.o.  July  9,  '65. 

Hunter  .\bner  M.  e.  Feb.  23.  '65,  m.o.  July  9.  '65. 

Harlow  Moses,  e.  Feb.  23.  '65.  m.o.  July  10,  '65. 

Hliikle  Wllli.-vm  A.  e.  Feb.  24,  '65,  m.o.  July  9,  '65. 

Isenburg  Samuel  D.  e.  Feb.  23,  '65,  m.o.  June  30,  '65. 

Jordan  John.  e.  Feb.  23.  '65.  m.o.  July  9.  '65. 

Johnson  EilRar.  e.  Feb.  20.  '65.  m.o.  J'lly  9.  '65. 

Kaninmier  William,  e.  Feb.  21,  '65.  m.o.  July  9,  '65. 

Keller  Thomas,  e.  Feb.  23.  '65,  m.o.  July  9.  '65. 

Keppel  Frederick,  e.  Feb.  23,  '65,  pro.  corpl.  m.o.  July  9,  '65. 

Keyser  Dennis  E.  c.  Feb.  23,  '65.  m.o.  July  9,  '95. 

Kistner  Paul,  e.  Feb.  24.  '65.  m.o.  July  9.  '65. 

Lorlns  Julius,  e.  Feb.  24.  '6.5.  m.o.  July  9,  '65. 

Lorins  Eugene,  e.  Feb.  24,  '65.  abs.  in  hosp.  Ne\vtaern,  N,  C. 

Nicholas  William,  e.  Feb.  23.  '65,  m.o.  July  9,  '65. 

ReK:in  Henry,  e.  Feb.  23.  '65,  m.o.  July  9.  '65. 

■•ihrplen  Henry  F.  e.  Feb.  24.  '65,  m.o.  July  9.  '65. 

Scoville  John.  e.  Feb.  24.  '65.  m.o.  July  9.  '65. 

Sarver  Benjamin,  e.  Feb.  20,  '65.  m.o.  July  17,  '65. 

Sessler  Emlle.  e.  Feb.  24.  '65.  m.o.  July  9.  '65. 

Teufel  Christian,  e.  Feb.  23  '65.  pro.  corpl.  m.o.  July  9.  '65. 

Teufel  .\ndreas,  e.  Feb.  23.  '65,  died  in  i;.  H.  Camp  Butler,  March 

5.  '65. 
Wagener  August,  e.  Feb.  21.  '65.  m.o.  July  9.  '65. 
Yans  Charles,  e.  Feb.  20,  '65,  m.o.  July  9.  '65. 
Yates  John  C.  e.  Feb.  20.  '65.  m.o.  July  9.  '65. 
Young  John  B.  e.  Feb.  23,  '65.  m.o.  July  9.  '65. 

COMPANY    E. 

Private. 

Brannen  Henry,  e.  July  25,  '61,  re-e.  as  vet. 

COMPANY  G. 
Private, 

Houston  Francis,  e.  March  24,  '65,  m.o.  July  15,  '65. 


8th   lufantry. 

Major. 

Lloyd  Wheaton,  com.  .Inly  25.  '63,  pro.  Lieut.  Col.  Sept.  23.  '66, 
pro.  Col.,  but  never  mustered,  m.o.  as  Lieut.  Col.  May  4,  '66. 

Adjutant. 
Fredrick  A.  King.  com.  July  25,  '64,  res,  Oct.  9,  '64. 
Serjreants. 

Voris  Robert,  e.  July  25.  '61.  trans,  from  co.  E,  July  25.  '61,  re- 
duced and  re-trans.  Oct.  1,  '62. 

Martin  Otis  P.  e.  July  25,  '61.  trans,  from  Co.  E,  Oct.  1.  '62,  re- 
duced and  re-trans.  Nov.  18,  '62. 

Hospital  Steward. 

Keener  Henry  H.  e.  Jan.  5,  '64,  trans,  from  co.  E,  March  14,  '64, 
m.o.  May  4,  '66. 

COMPANY  H. 


Stead  William.  ( 
June  19,  '65. 


Recruit. 

.  Feb.  1,  '64.  trans,  fromco.  I.  17th  II 


Transferred  from   17th    Infantry. 

Campbe'l  William,  e.  Feb.  15,  '64,  desrtd.  July  19.  '65. 

Cross  William,  e.  Feb.  2,  '64.  turned  over  to  military  authorities 

as  deserter  from  73d  Ind,  Inf. 
Snyder  James,  e.  Dec.  23,  '63,  m.o.  May  4,  '66. 

Transferred  from   11th  Infantry. 

Fleck  Martin,  e.  Sept.  .30.  '64  (sub.),  m.o.  Oct.  6.  '65. 
Miller  Anton,  e.  Oct.  7.  '64  (sub.j,  m.o.  Oct.  6,  '65. 

Drafted  and  Substitute  Recruits. 

Easton  Clark,  e.  Sept.  26.  '64.  m.o.  Sept.  25.  '65. 
Childs.  Benjamin,  e.  Sept.  27,  m.o.  Sept.  26.  '65. 
Ciilf  Kichard.  e.  Oct.  10.  '64,  m.o.  Oct.  10.  '65. 
Gram  Winslow,  e.  Sept.  26.  '64.  m.o.  Sept.  25.  '65. 
Harriott  Ephraim,  e.  Oct.  11,  '64  (sub.),  m.o.  Oct.  10,  '65. 
Wonder  John,  e  Oct.  11.  '64,  m.o.  Oct.  10,  '65, 
Woods  Henry,  e.  Oct.  11,  '64.  m.o.  Oct.  10,  '65. 

COMPANY   E. 

Captains. 

John  Wetzel,  com.  July  25.  '61.  res.  March  22.  '62. 
Lloyd  Wheaton,  com.  Slarch  25,  '62,  pro.  Maj. 

Lieutenants. 

First,  Lloyd  Wheaton,  coin.  July  25.  '61.  pro. 
First.  Fredk.  A.  King.  com.  July  25.  '63,  pro.  Adjt. 
Second.  Fredk.  A.  King,  com.  March  25,  62,  pro. 

Sergeants. 

First,  King  Fred.  A.  e.  July  25.  '61.  pro.  to  2d  Lieut. 
Martin  Otis  P.  e.  July  25, '61.  pro.  to  Sergt.  Mai.  Oct.  1. '61.  re- 
duced to  r<ink3  Kov.  22.  '62,  m.o.  July  30,  '64. 


Corporals. 

Brown  Benjamin  W.  e.  July  25.  '61,  pro.  sergt.  trans.  V.  K.  C. 

Inu'is  Charles  D.  e.  July  25.  '61.  reduced  to  ranks  April  '63.  dlsd. 

April  24   '63.  promotion  in  86tb  111.  ,.,„,„., 

Wh.ane  John,  e.  July  25.  '61.  pro.  sergt.  disd.  July  31,  '62.  wd. 

at  Shiloh. 
Molineanx  Gold  I),  e.  July  25.  '61.  re-e.  as  vet. 
Keener  Henry  N.  c.  July  25.  '61.  re-e.  as  vet 

Musician. 

W.alton  Henry  H.  e.  July  25,  '61,  m.o.  July  30,  '64, 
Privates. 

Barrett  John,  e.  July  26. '61,  m.o.  July  30, '64.  „„„„ 

Beadle  Ira  E.  e.  July  25.  '61.  dl.sd.  Oct.  23.  '63,  pro.  in  U.  S.  C.  T. 

Davles  John  M.  e.  July  25.  '61,  m.o.  July  30.  '64. 

Duherst  Thomas,  e.  July  25.  '61.  m.o.  July  30.  '64. 

Easton  Charles  S.  e.  July  25,  '61,  musician  mustered  June  21, 

'64.  m.o.  July  30.  '64. 
Greenleaf  Henry  B.  e.  July  25,  '61.  dlsd,  Sept.  12.  '68. 
M.tsters  William  J.  e.  July  25.  '61.  re-e.  as  vet. 
McDevltt  John.  e.  July  25,  '61,  m.o.  July  30.  '64. 
McMurtrie  James,  e.  July  25.  '61,  m.o.  July  30,  '64. 
Meeds  John.  e.  July  25.  '61,  dlsd.  Aug.  26.  '62. 
O'Connors  Edward,  e.  July  26,  '61,  m.o.  July  30,  '64. 
Peck  Trist  im  B.  e.  July  25,  '61.  m.o.  July  30.  '64. 
RiclH-r  liini-,.  H.  e.  Jiilv  25.  '61,  dlsd.  Nov.  18,  '63, 
Silnli^'ln  l.Mi.if  H.  e.  July  25.  '61.  re-e.  as  vet. 
Suodorf  George,  e.  July  25,  '61,  wd.  at  Shiloh.  m.o. 
Sutter  .\ndrew,  e.  July  25,  '61,  m.o.  July  30.  '64. 
Tulley  Patrick,  e.  July  25.  '61,  kid.  Ft.  Donelson  Feb.  15,  '62. 
Vldito  Henry,  e.  July  5,  '61.  wd.  at  Donelson  sup.  died. 
Vorris  Robert  C.  e.  .July  25.  '61,  m.o.  July  30.  '64. 
Walsh  Thomas,  o.  July  25.  '61.  m.o.  July  30.  '64. 
Wilson  Joseph  T.  e.  July  25.  '61,  pro.  corpl.  dlsd.  July  31,  '62,  on 

account  of  wounds  at  Donelson. 
Young  Howard,  fe.  July  25.  '61.  disd.  July  31.  '6'2. 

Recruits. 

Ash  Francis  W.  e.  July  28.  '61,  dlsd.  Sept.  28,  '61,  on  account  of 
minority. 

lirant  Jacob,  e.  Aug.  20,  '61,  re-e.  as  vet. 

Beikman  William  J.  e.  July  28.  '61,  di.sd.  July  2a  '64. 

liiiiL'.st  .■^niiiuel.  e.  Aug.  20, '61,  died  Bird's  Point,  Mo.  Dec.  3,  61. 

Iifvnre  William  H.  e.  Julv  28.  '61.  kid.  Ft.  Donelson  Feb.  15,'B2. 

Emerson  Joseph,  e.  July  28,  '61,  pro.  corpl.  disd.  July  31. '62. 
wounds. 

Heir  Shealf  L.  e.  July  28.  '61.  dlsd.  March  12.  '62. 

Kellev  Edward,  e.  Jnlv  28.  '61.  died  at  Vlcksburg  Oct.  4,  '63, 

Kelly' Peter,  e.  July  28. '61,  died  atCalro,  III.  Feb.  11   '63. 

Line  Ralph  E.  e.  July  28.  '61.  desrtd.  Aug.  31.  '6'2.  wd.  at  Shiloh. 

Mowrv  William  H.  e.  Dec.  29, '63.  died  New  Orleans  April  21,'65. 

Pippin  Barnett  .M.  e.  Sept.  30.  '64.  m.o.  May  23,  '65. 

Parker  Robert  H.  e.  July  28,  '61,  disd.  Feb.  2,  '62.  entered  gun- 
boat service. 

Powers  John.  e.  Sept.  12.  '61.  kid.  at  Shiloh  April  6,  '62. 

Shearer  Henry,  e.  ,luly  28.  '61.  disd.  July  28.  '64. 

West  Jiuues,  e.  Julv  28,  '61.  kid.  at  Shiloh  .\pril  6,  '62. 

Wbit.-  Hir.ini,  e.  July  28,  '61.  disch.  July  28.  64. 

Wood  ViraMu.  e.  July  28.  '61.  died  May  26,  '63,  wd.  Chap  Hills. 

■Wetmore  Henry,  e.  Aug.  27,  '61,  pro.  corpl.  kid.  Milliken  Bend, 
La.  June  7,  '63. 

Whaue  Joseph  H.  e.  Dec.  27,  '63,  m.o.  Miiy  4.  '66. 

Transferred   from   11th  Infantry. 

Cobb  George  H.  e.  Jan.  3  '64,  trans,  from  co.  A,  m.o.  May  4,  '66. 
Davis  Samuel,  e.  Jan.  3,  '64.  trans,  from  co.  A.  desrtd  July  21, '65. 
Rakoskie  Stanislaus,  e.  Dec.  15,  '63,  trans,  from  co.  B.  m.o.  May 

Stone  Joseph,  e.  Jan.  1,  '64,  trans,  from  co.  A,  left  at  N.  O.  Feb. 
18.  '65,  sick. 

Veterans. 
Brant  Jacob,  e.  Jan.  5.  '64.  trans,  to  co.  K  March  1,  '64. 
Keener  Henry  N.  e.  Jan  5,  '64,  trans,  to  N.  C.  S.  as  hosp.  stew. 
Masters  Wllburn  J.  e.  Jan.  5.  '64,  pro.  corpl.  m.o.  May  4.  '66. 
Molineaux  Goldsmith  D.  e.  Jan.  4,  '64,  pro,  sergt.  left  at  Mobile 
on  duiy. 

COMPANY   F. 
Recruits. 
Clark  David,  e.  Aug.  18.  '61.  dlsd.  July  22,  '62.  dls.ability. 
lues  Frank  H.  e.  Oct.  10,  '61,  re-e.  as  vet. 
Nailgel  Joseph,  e.  March  11,  '64.  m.o.  May  4,  "66. 

Veterans. 

BenselJohn  E.  e.  Jan.  5.  '64,  m.o.  May  4,  '66. 

Irons  Frank  H.  e.  March  31.  '64,  pro.  corpl.  m.o.  May  4.  '66. 

Waters  Wilson  F.  e.  Feb.  1,  '64,  pro.  sergt.  pro.  1st  Lieut. 

COMPANY   I. 

.Serffeants. 

First,  Kalainbaeh  Rynold.  e.  July  25,  '61,  disd.  Jan.  1,  '63.  dlsab 

Smith  Detltrich.  e.  July  25,  '61,  pro.  2d  Lieut. 

Scblag  William,  e.  Julv  25.  '61.  pro.  2d  Lieut. 

Aubln  Albert,  e.  July  26,  '61.  trans,  to  1st  Miss.  Heavy  Art.  U.  S. 

(..T.Oct.  10,  '63. 
Brauns  Otto.  c.  July  2.5.  '61.  pro.  2d  Lieut. 

Corporals. 

Pefler  Charles,  e.  July  25.  '61.  re-e,  as  vet. 


B70 


PEORIA  cxjtnnr  war  record 


GulR  Ba^ll.  r.  .Inly  2S.  *B1,  prn.  nrrfft. 

AbrI  All.iTt.  r.  .riil>  25.  «!.  .11»<1.  Ma\  26.   62.  wd.  Pt    DouelaoD. 
8te»-n  I'aiil.  p.  July  25.  '61.  |TO  ^crfrl.  m.o.  Julv  30.  '64. 
Kuir«  AiiRiKt.  e.  .luly  25.  '61.  [irn.  srr|i>.  ni  u.  July  30.  '64. 
MbI**  Kn«n.  c  Julv  25.  '81.  Iranii  lo  6th  III.  I'ST.  Dm.  1.  '61. 
Kluif  (:u^tAvua.  r.  Julv  25.  '61    kltl.  Fl.  Dunrlson  Ffli.  15.  '62. 
Thunias  Jai  oh.  e.  Julj  25.  '61.  re-f.  tu  v»-t. 

Private*. 

lUls4*r  Andri-A,  f.  July  25.  "61.  re-e.  as  vel. 

Barkmiiu  Jiilili.  r.  Julv  25.  'Bl,  m.o.  July  30.  '84. 

ComciniHli  I>anifl.  t*.  Julv  25.  '61.  pro.  rnrpl.  illnd.  July  25.  '64. 

ETniii  Wall>T  V    <•.  Julv  25.  '61.  ill-il.  AU(t.  10.  '62.  wd.  Shiluh. 

FclliiraJKlin.  <-.  July  25.  '61.<1Im1.  Oct.  3.  '62.  wd.  at  Donelton. 

Oelbli-  llrnrv.  e.  July  25.  '61.  nic.  Julv  30.  '84. 

Huyircr  (ial.rlrl.  e.  July  25.  '61  .kid.  ..t  ft.  Duiielson  Feb.  15.  '82. 

Ivr-rciT  I..-W1S.  e.  Jul\  25.  '61.  r as  vi-t. 

Kuliulr  .l..».-pli.  r.  Julv  25.  '61.  kid.  at  Ft.  Donrlson  Feb.  15.  '62. 

Kiiapt' clirKtlan.  r.  .luh  25.  '61.  r*--*-.  aa  Vft. 

I^br  ToM.19.  r.  July  25.  61.  inlvslnR  In  artlon  at  DonelsoD  Feb. 

15.  '62;  never  heard  front  since. 
Meyer  Henry,  e.  Julv  25.  '61.  re-e.  a."*  vet. 
Muniinern  I'aul.  e.  Jiily  25.  '61.  re-e.  as  vet. 

Mond  AuKiiitus.  e.  July  25.  '61.  wd.  at  Ft.  Donelson,  dlsd.  Aug. 

16.  '6-.i.  <llsaidllty. 

Nabeiiifer  Jacob,  e.  July  25.  '61.  m.o.  Julv  30.  '64. 

Pleifer  Henry,  e.  July  26.  '61.  nilMliiK  In  action  at  Donelson; 

never  heartl  from  since. 
Sehrader  Aususl,  e.  July  25.  '61.  dlc<l  Mound  Cltv  April  20.  '62. 
Schweder  Adam.  e.  Julv  25.  '61.  kid.  Champion  HfU»  May  16.  '8S. 
Sirclback  !>•«.  e.  July  25.  '61.  re-e.  as  vel. 
Walter  Phillip,  e.  July  25.  '61.  re-e.  as  vet. 
Zendell  Joseph,  e.  July  2.5.  '61.  pro.  corp.  died  June  24,  '62,  of 

wounds  received  at  Shlloh. 


COMPANY  I. 
R«crait«. 

Altmeyer  William,  e.  Aur.  2.  '61.  killed  at  Shilob.  Apr.  6,  '62. 
Burcheld  William.  "  m.o.  July  30.  '64. 

HnrclLird  .^dam.  e.  auk.  9.  '61.  kid.  ft.  Donelson,  Feb.  14,  '62. 
Halter  C.isper  e.  Auk.  9.  'Bl.  dlsd.  Auk.  B,  '84,  term  ex, 
Branthner  Jolin,  e.  auk-  10.  "61,  died  at  I'alro  Aug.  23,  '61. 
Buttner  Jacob,  e.  Aug.  19.  '61.  disd.  Aur.  15.  '64. 
Duenaechler  Melclior  J.  e.  Auk.  19.  '61.  re-e.  as  vet. 
Garon  GeorKe.  e.  Jan.  1.  '64.  pro.  serRt.  m.o.  Mav  4.  '86. 
Harsch  Adolph,  e.  .\uk.  19.  '61.  dlsd.  Auk.  15.  '64.  term  ex. 
Hamme  John,  e.  Aur.  19.  '61.  mlKsluR  In  action  at  Donelson, 

Feb.  15.  '62.    Never  heant  from  since. 
Jackel  .\niandus,  e.  Aur.  H.  '61.  dl.sd.  Auk.  6.  '63.  disab. 
Gorill  Jacoli.  o.  Aur.  19.   Bl.  ill»d.  AUK.  15.  '64.  term  ex. 
Kolbalz  Kdward.  Aur.  19.  '61.  dlsil.  Dec.  21.  '61,  disal), 
Kohn  Franz,  e.  Aug.  19,  '61.  re-e.  as  vet. 
Kaechle  Andrew,  e.  Aug.  9,  '61.  dlsd.  Aur.  6.  '64,  term  ex. 
KalllnR  Alfred,  e.  Aur.  19.  '61.  dlsd.  Aur.  1.5.  '64.  term  ex. 
LeelierRfr  I'eler.  e.  Aur.  1.  '61.  dlsd.  Aug.  15.  '64.  term  ex. 
lying  John.  f.  Aug.  19.  '61.  dlsd.  Aug   15.  '64.  term  ex.' 
Menges  .lobn   r   Aug.  15.  '81.  kid.  at  Kl.  Donelson.  Feb.  15,  '82. 
On<l«-ss«Mid>-r  >lattlilas,  e.  Aug.  19.  '61.  re-e  as  vet. 
Pfaiidcr  Charb'S,  e.  .\ug.  19.  '61.  re-e.  as  vet. 
Kltzrnger  Andrew,  e.  Aug.  10.  '61.  tllsd.  Aug.  7,  '64,  term  ox. 
Klchter  Kdward.  e,  Aug.  '2.  '61,  re-e.  .i.h  vet. 
RliiKellf  Frederick,  e.  Aug    9.  '61.  re-e.  as  vet, 
.Stange  ll<-iiry.  e,  .\ug  9.  '61.  dlsd.  Aug.  4.  '64.  term  ex. 
S<-hroiiide  Charles,  e.  Aug.  15.  '61.  re-e.  as  vet. 
Shnnd  .lohn.  ••.  Aug.  15.  '61.  re-e.  a.s  vet. 

.Srhreuriiiaun  lletiry.  e.  Aug.  15.  '61.  dlsd.  Aug.  13.  *64,  term  ex. 
.Schoeiillialar  l.'harles,  e.  Aug.  12,  '61,  re-e.  as  vet. 
Tell  William,  e.  Jan.  15.  '64.  in.o.  May  4.  '66. 
Treyens  John,  <•.  Aug.  19,  '61,  dlsd.  Aug.  15.  '64,  term  ex. 
Will  Henry  C.  e.  Aug.  12.  '61,  m.o.  Aug.  11,  '65. 
/enkei  .Irihn.  e.  Aug.  19.  '61,  committed  suicide  on  Bayou,  La, 

Aug.  31.  '63. 

nrarteil  and  Huliadtute  Rerrtilta. 

Engel  .loseph,  e.  Sept.  26,  '64    m.o.  Sipt.  25.  '65. 
Maniburg  Maillson.  e  Oct.  11.  ■il4.  m.o.  Oct.  10.  '85. 
Spenlve  .lacob.  e.  .Sept.  !J«,  '64.  iii.o.  Sept.  25.  '65. 
McKeujiy    Michael,  e.  July  9,  'Ul,  trans  cu.  D,  dlsd.  July  9,  '6&, 
term  ex. 

Vetcruiia. 

Baaler  Andrew,  e.  Feb.  1,  '84.  m.o.  May  4.  '86. 

Duenalchter  MelchorJ.  e.  Feb.  1, '64  trans,  to  V.R.C.  June  SO, 

'85. 
Knsch  .Michael,  e.  Feb.  1,  '64.  died  at  Vlcksburg  July  9.  '84. 
Judlg  Basil,  e    Dec.  7,  '83.  pro.  sergt.  liro.  2«1  I.U'Ut. 
Juergcr  Lewis,  e.  Dec.  25.  '63.  illsd.  Dec.  15.  '64,  dIsab. 
Kohn  Frani.  e   Feb.  1.  '64,  pro    corpl.  m.o.  May  4.  '88. 
Knapp  Christian,  e    Feb.  I.  '64. 
Muinnicrl  I'aul.  e,  Dec.  28.  '63.  m.o.  May  4,  '88. 
Ondesser  .Matthias,  e.  Feb.  1.  '84,  trans,  to  nun  com.stairaa  R«k 

g  .M    Sergt. 
Ffander  Charles,  e.  Dec.  15,  '83,  pro.  sergt.  in.f*.  May  4.  '80. 
Klng.-lle  Irc.lerlrk.  e.  Feb   1.  '64,  died  at  SI    Louis  May.  S, '84. 
iticliter  Kilward.  e.  Feb.  10,  '64    pro  sirgt  inn.  May  4,  '68. 
H.l.roeii,l  chnrl.  -.  .-.  Jan.  .5.  '64,  pro  coipl  ni  .<    Ma\  4,  '68. 
Strell.'.  I.  1...  e    Dec,  28.  '6.1.  Iriins  to  \    ILC.  June  JUl,  '64. 
HcbonlhaUr  Charles,  e.  Ft  l>.  I.  '61.  m  o.  .May  4.  '68. 
Hbaud  John,  e.  Feb.  1.  '64.  mo.  .May  4.  '68. 
Thomas  Jacob,  e.  Feb.  1   '84.  nro  Ma>  4.  'Crt 
Walter  f  lillllp,  o.  Fab.  1,  '84,  m.o.  May  4,  '08. 


COMPANY    K. 

Il^crulta. 
Brandt  Jacob,  e.  Aug.  20.  '60.  trans,  from  Co   E,  desrtd.  April  1. 

'86. 
Cloud  George,  e.  Aug.  24.  '82.  kid.  Ba>  mond.  Miss.  May  11.  -SJ. 

l>raft«d  and  Nubstltata  Recrulta. 

Miner  Cvrus,  e.  .Sept.  2ft.  '64.  pro.  c.rpl.  nt.o.  .Sept.  28.  '65. 
Stubbs  John.  e.  .Sept.  27.  '64.  m.o.  .Sept,  26.  '65. 

Tranaferred  from  1  7th  Infantry, 

Ackerman  William  It.  e.  Jan.  14,  '64,  trans  from  co.  B.  died  Aog. 

12.  '8S, 
Blind  Philip  e.  Dec.  15,  '68,  trans,  from  co.  B,  pro.  corpl.  m.o. 

Mav  4.  '86. 
Beahl  William  U.  e.  Feb.  IS,  '64,  trans,  from  co.  B.  m.o.  May  4, 

'66. 
Clumnlngs  williani  C.  e.  Dec  1,  '8S.  trana.  from  co.  B.  deartd. 

June  15.  '63. 
Forgarthy  Jeremiah,  e.  Feb.  24,  '64,  trans,  from  co.  B,  absent  In 

hospital,  wd.  at  m.o. 
Oalaway  George  \V.  e.  Dec.  1.  '83,  trans,  from  co.  B,  m.o.  May  4, 

'68. 
McHenry  James,  e.  Jan.  20.  '64.  trans,  from  co.  B,  absent,  sick  In 

hospital  at  m.o. 
Mills  Samuel  C.  e.  Dee.  8.  '63.  trans,  from  co.  B.  died  May  9,  '85, 

of  wounds  received  at  Fl.  Blaktey. 

Drafted  and  Sobstltnt*  Recrulta. 

Duplade  William,  e.  Sept.  28.  '84. 


»th  Iiifiiiitry. 

C<>.MI'.\.NV  C. 

Lleatenani. 

First.  Oscar  Rollman,  com.  July  26,  '61,  trans,  to  invd.  C.  Nov 
17,  '68. 

Se  recant. 
Hale  Charles,  e.  kid.  at  Sblloh  April  8,  '82. 

Private. 

Kauch  Thomaa,  dlsd.  April  14.  '62.  dIsab. 


11  til  lurautry. 

CO.MPANY    I. 
Private. 
Bright  Oeorge,  cSept.  25.  '61,  dlsd.  Aug.  '20.  '62. 

COMPANY  K. 
UnaaalElsed,  Drafted  ami  Kuballtate  Recruit. 

Rlghttlnger  Parson  H.  e.  Oct.  13.  '64. 


12tli  IiiCniitry. 

fOMI'ANV   n. 

Drafted  and  Suliatltute  Recruit. 
Ragan  Weldon,  e.  8ept.  30.  '84,  isub.),  never  reported  lo  co.  Bee 
CO.  11. 

(•(•.■MPANV  D. 

Drafted  and  Substitute  Recruit. 

Ilruughten  JeremUh.  e.  Sept.  21.  '04.  m.o.  July  25,  '65. 

CO.MPANY  H. 

Dntfleil  and  .Suballlute  Recrulta. 

Fargo  Ralph  O.  e  Scpl   .10.  '64,  in  o.  June  1.  '65 

McClaynient  Aleiatnler.  e. ^.  m.o.  .lune  1.  '65. 

Regan  Walden,  e.  .Sept.  SO.  '84.  dlsd.  May  1.  '65. 


14tli  Iiiritiitry,    il{(><>rf;anir.eil.) 

(  OMI'.\NY  «'. 
Herceant. 

Hulllvan  Jaroea  H.  e.  Feb.  27.  '65,  desrid.  March  18,  '85. 

Coriiorala. 

Burnltl  William,  e.  Feb   as.  '65.  sb  k  at  m.o 
Perry  .Stephen,  e.  Feb  24.  '65.  lu.o   Sept    16.  '85. 
Boyil  John  It    e    Feb.  23,  '63.  m.o   Sept.  16   '85 
'niden  Kdward,  e.  Feb.  27.  '85,  desrid.  March  18,  '85. 

Privates, 

Brown  James,  e   March  27.  '65.  dcsrid   March  IB,  '65. 
Cain  John,  e   March  2.  '65,  destid    March  aO.  '85. 
Connor  John.  e.  Feb.  2.V  '6.V  desrld.  March  18   '85. 
Doyle  James,  e.  Feb.  27.  '85.  deartd.  July  28,  '85. 


PEORIA   COUNTY  WAR  RECORD. 


371 


Dunn  John.  e.  Feb.  25.  '65.  rtesrtrt.  March  ]R,  'B.V 
Delay  Dennis,  e.  Feb.  27.  "65.  aesrtU.  March  18.  '65. 
Ellis  GfOTge  B.  e.  Feb.  27.  '65.  desrtd.  March  18,  '65. 
Farley  John.  e.  Ft-b.  27,  '65.  tlesrtd.  June  26.  '65. 
Furrell  Kohert,  e.  Feb.  27.  '65.  desrtd.  March  18.  '65. 
Galawav  William,  e.  Feb.  2i.  '65.  m.o.  Aug.  8,  '65. 
Gannon  Joseph,  e.  March  2.  '6.5.  desrtd.  March  18.  '65. 
Harland  George,  e.  Feb.  24.  '65.  died  Marrh  28,  '65. 
Kinc  Thomas,  e.  Feb.  27.  '65.  desrtd.  Marcli  18.  '65. 
KtUfavle  James,  f.  Feb.  27.  '65.  de.-;rtd.:.March  15,  '65. 
Lewls'Henrv  J.  e.  Feb.  24.  '65,  im.o.  Sept.  16.  '65. 
Lineback  Freeman,  e.  Feb.  22.  '65.  absent,  sick  at  m.o. 
McBride  James,  e.  Feb.  22.  "65.  desrtd.  March  18.  '65. 
Murphy  James,  e.  Feb.  28.  '65.  desrtd. March  28.  '65- 
Nacy  Thomas,  e.  Feb.  27.  '65.  dt-srtd.  July  26.  '65. 
Newton  N'eedman,  e.  Feb.  22.  '65.  m.o.  Sept.  16.  '65. 
Ross  Alexander,  e.  Feb.  27.  '65.  desrtd.  IMarcb  15.  '65. 
Smith  William,  e.  Feb.  25.  '65.  di-srtd.  March  18.  '65. 
Sommers  George  W.  e.  Fel).  20.  '65.  m.o.  Oct.  8,  '65. 
Whalen  .lames,  e.  Feb.  27.  '65.  desrtd.  March  IS.  '65. 
Walsh  Joliu,  e.  Feb.  27.  '65,  desrtd.  March  18.  '65. 

COMPANY  E. 

Privates. 

Bennett  Williara,  e.  Feb.  27.  '65.  desrtd.  March  8,  '65. 
Jones  Edward,  e.  March  2.  '65.  desrtd.  March  18,  '65. 
Lardner  Daniel,  e.  March  2.  '65.  desrtd.  March  17,  '65. 
Stanley  William,  e.  Feb.  27.  '65,  desrtd.  March  9,  '65. 

COMPANY  G. 

Privates. 

Bruden  William,  e.  Feb.  16.  "65.  desrtd.  June  25,  '65. 
Dockstader  Jeremiah,  e.  Fell.  20.  '65,  pro.  to  Capt. 
Warner  Thomas  J.  e.  Feb.  16.  "65.  m.o.  Sept.  16,  '65. 
Zathlow  Charles,  e.  Feb.  22.  '65,  died  March  13,  '65. 


16th  Infantry. 

COMPANY  K. 

Cnassig^ned  Recraits. 

Feb.  27.  '65. 


Cole  Francis,  _ ..    _ 

Ewing  Joshua,  e.  March  22 
Mack  John,  e.  Feb,  27.  '65. 
Stewart  Enos  J.  e.  Feb.  27,  '65, 


65,  m.o.  May  23.  '65. 


17th  Infantry. 

HISTORY. 

The  Seventeenth  Regiment  of  Illinois  Infantry  Volunteers 
was  mustered  into  the  United  States  service  at  Peoria,  III.,  on 
the  24th  day  of  May.  1861. 

Left  caihp  on  the  17th  .June,  for  Alton.  111.,  for  the  purpose 
of  more  fully  completing  its  organization  and  arming.  Late  in 
July  it  proceeded  from  Alton  to  St.  Charles.  Mo.,  remaining  but 
one  day;  thence  went  to  Warrenton,  Mo.,  where  It  remained  in 
camp  about  two  weeks.  Company  A  being  fletailed  as  body 
guard  to  Gen.  John  Pope,  with  headquarters  at  St.  Charles. 

The  regiment  left  Warrenton  for  >t.  Louis,  and  embarked 
on  transports  for  Bird's  Point.  Mo.  Remained  at  Bird'.s  Point 
some  weeks,  doing  garrison  duty;  then  proceeded  to  Sulphur 
Springs  Landings;  disembarking  there,  it  proceeded,  via 
Pilot  Knob  and  Ironton.  to  Fredericktown.  Mo.,  in  pursuit  of 
(ien.  Jetf.  Thompson,  and  joined  Gen.  B.  M.  Prentiss'  command 
at  Jackson,  Mo.;  thence  proceeded  to  Kentucky  and  aided  in 
the  construction  of  Fort  Holt;  thence  ordered  to  Kl  lb  it  IN  Mills; 
remained  there  a  short  time,  and  returned  to  Fcjrt  HmU  ;  ibence 
to  Capi*  Girardeau,  and,  with  other  regiments,  wen-  sriii  in  pur- 
suit of  Gen.  Jeff.  Thompson's  forces;  participated  in  the  engage- 
ment near  Greenfield,  lost  one  man  killed  and  several  wounded ; 
returned  to  Cape  Girardeau,  doing  provost  duty  until  early  in 
February.  1862.  when  ordered  to  Fort  Henry;  participatecl  in 
the  engagement  of  Fort  Donelson,  losing  several  men  killed, 
woun<led  and  taken  prisoners.  Then  proceeded  to  M'-t  il  Land- 
ing, Tennessee  River,  and  embarked  for  Savannah.  Tenn.;  from 
thence  to  Pittsburgh  Landing,  and  was  assigned  to  the  First 
Division.  Army  of  West  Tennessee,  under  Gen.  John  A.  Mc- 
Clernand;  was  engaged  in  the  battles  of  the  6th  and  7th  of 
April;  suffered  great  loss  in  killed  and  wounded;  was  with  the 
advance  to  Corinth. 

After  the  evacuation  of  Corinth  marched  to  Purdy,  Bethel 
and  .lackson.  Tenn.;  remained  there  until  the  17th  of  July, 
when  the  regiment  was  ordered  to  Bolivar,  and  was  assigned  to 
duty  as  Provost  Guard.  Remained  at  Bolivar  until  November, 
1862,  duriiiK  which  time  it  participated  in  the  expedition  to 
luka.  to  reinfftrce  Gen.  Rosecrans.  Afterwarrl  at  the  battle  of 
Hatcbie.  Returned  again  to  Bolivar;  remained  there  until  the 
middle  of  November.  Then  ordered  u*  Lagrange,  to  report  to 
Gen.  .John  A.  L*ogan;  were  assigned  to  duty  as  Provost  Guard, 
Col.  Norton  being  assigned  to  the  command  at  the  post.  Early 
In  December  marched  to  Holiy  Springs;  thence  to  AbbyvlUe, 
guarding  railroads;  thence  to  Oxford. 

After  the  capture  of  Holly  Springs,  was  assigned  to  the 
Sixth  Division.  Seventeenth  Army  Corp^.  un<ler  Maj.-Gen.  Mc- 
pherson: tbeii  proceeded,  via  Moscow,  to  ColUervllle;  from 
there  to  Mtrmphis.  :ind  was  assigned  to  duty  at  the  Navy  Yard. 
Remained  tUere  until  January   16.  then  embarked  for  VlCks- 


burg:  re-embarked  and  proceeded  to  Lake  Providence.  La., 
then  the  headquarters  of  the  Seventeenth  Army  Corps,  doing 
duty  there  until  the  investment  of  Vlcksburg  commenced. 
Arriving  at  MUilken's  Bend  on  or  about  May  1.  commenced 
to  march  across  the  D.-lta  to  Perkins' Landing,  on  rhe  Missis- 
sippi river;  tliemc  ti.  thr  crossing  below  Grand  Gulf,  advanc- 
ing with  Mrl'li  TSnii's  command,  ria  Raymond,  Champion 
Hills.  Jackson.  Hig  lilock,  and  to  the  final  Investment  of  Vlcks- 
burg. After  the  surrender  of  that  city,  remained  there,  doing 
garrison  dutv  and  making  incursions  into  the  enemy's  country 
as  far  east  asMerldfan.  west  as  far  as  Monroe,  La.  Returning 
to  Vicksliurg,  remained  until  May,  1864,  the  term  of  service  of 
the  regiment  expiring  on  the  24tn  M-.iy  of  that  year. 

The  regiment  was  ordered  to  Springfield.  111.,  for  muster 
out,  and  finallv  discharged,  when  and  where  those  of  the 
original  m  i|aiiiz:iti>iii  who  did  not  re-enlist  as  veterans  were 
mustered  <nir  ;iiid  disiharged.  A  sufficient  number  not  having 
re-enlisted  to  entitle  them  to  retain  their  regimental  organiza- 
tion, the  veterans  and  recruits  whose  term  of  service  had  not 
expired  were  consolidated  with  the  Eighth  Illinois  Infantry 
Volunteers,  and  were  finally  mustered  out  with  that  regiment 
and  discharged  in  the  Spring  of  1866. 

Colonel. 

Addison  S.  Norton,  com.  April  25.  '62,  res.  July  9,  '63. 

Adjutant. 
Abraham  H.  Ryan.  com.  May  25.  '61,  pro.  Capt.  co.  A. 

COMPANY  A. 

Captains. 

Addison  S.  Norton,  com.  April  19,  '61,  pro.  Lieut.  CoL 
Abraham  H.  Ryan,  com.  April  25,  '62,  term  ex.  June,  '64. 

Lieatenants. 

First,  Abraham  H.  Ryan,  com.  April  19,  '61,  pro.  Adjt. 
First.  Geo.  W.  Robson.  com.  May  20.  '61.  pro.  Capt.  co.  B. 
first,  Edmund  E.  Ryan.  com.  April  25.  '62.  m.o.  Oct.  24,  '64. 
Second,  Geo.  W.  Robson.  com.  April  19,  '61,  pro. 
Second,  Gawn  Wilkins,  com.  April  25,  '62,  term  ex.  June.  '64. 

Sergreants. 
First,  Crane  Gerard  S.  e.  May  25.  '61. 
Wilklns  Gawn,  e.  May  25,  '61. 
Bishop  Frank  S.  e.  May  25.  '61. 
Reynolds  Wm.  e.  May  25,  '61. 

Corporals. 

Ryan  E.  E.  e.  May  25.  '61,  pro.  1st  Lieut. 
Comphor  John  H.  e.  May  25,  '61,  disd.  Dec,  5,  '61. 
Gilbert  Aarori  P.  e.  May  25,  '61. 

Drummer. 

Wonder  John  W.  e.  May  25.  "61. 

Privates. 

Autcliff  Thomas  H.  e.  Mav  25,  '61,  disd.  Aug.  14,  ■62assergt.  wd- 

Babcock  George  C.  jr.  e.  May  25.  '61,  disd.  April  28,  '62. 

Barlett  Nicholas,  e.  May  25,  '61. 

Karnes  James,  e.  Mav  25,  '61. 

Battersley  Robert,  e.  May  25.  '61.  disd,  Nov.  12.  '61. 

Barrv  Richard,  e.  Mav  25.  '61.  disd.  Sept.  27,  '62. 

Bennett  Elliott  G.  e.  May  25,  '61.  kid.  at  Shiloh  April  5,  '62. 

Bohn  Julius,  e.  May  25.  '61. 

Brown  Edward  T.  e.  Mav  25,  '61.  disd.  Sept.  9,  "63.  as  corpL 

Brown  Vincent,  e.  Mav  25,  '61. 

Brown  John,  e.  May  25,  '61. 

Buckholder  John,  e.  May  25.  '61. 

Battle  Gordon,  e.  May  25.  '61.  disd.  June  15.  '62. 

Barton  Chauncey  E.  e.  May  25  '61. 

Butt  William  H.  e.  May  25,  '61.  disd.  Dec.  5,  '63. 

Clemmeas  James  W.  e.  May  25,  '61. 

Cliffy  Richard,  e.  May  25.  '61. 

Cobb  George  H.  e.  May  25.  '61,  re-e.  as  vet. 

Dailey  Martin,  e.  May  25.  '61. 

Davis  Samuel,  e.  May  25,  '61.  re-e.  as  vet. 

Dyer  Horace  E.  e.  May  25,  '61.  disd.  April  24.  '62,  as  corpl. 

Fisher  William,  e.  May  25,  '61.  trans,  to  V.R.C.  Oct.  22.  ^63. 

Fisher  Albert  C.  e.  May  25,  '61. 

Flagler  Daniel  H.  e.  May  25.  '61. 

Garlar  John.  e.  May  25,  '61.  disd.  July,  *62,  wounds. 

Gunderlack  Charles  R.  e.  May  25,  '61.  disd.  Aug.  22,  '62,  disab. 

Grooms  Alfred  S.  e.  May  25.  '61. 

Harriett  Ephraim.  e.  Mav  25,  '61, 

Hack  Alexander  W.  e.  Mav  25.  '61. 

Hamilton  Theodore  F.  e.  .May  25.  '61,  disd.  Nov.  12,  '61. 

Howell  Alfred,  e.  May  25,  '61. 

Hough  John.  e.  May  25,  '61. 

Huav  E<lward  C.  e.  Mav  25,  '61.  disd.  Oct.  2,  '63,  as  sergt. 

Huey  James  H.  e.  May  '25,  '61.  disd.  Sept.  9.  '63. 

Johnson  John,  e.  May  25,  '61. 

Johnson  Richard,  e.  Mav  25,  "61,  kid.  at  Shiloh,  April  6,  '62. 

.lolinson  Frederick,  e.  May  25.  '61. 

Johnson  Heye,  e.  May25,"'61. 

Kellogg  Dennis,  e.  May  25,  '61 . 

Kellogg  Solomon,  e.  May  25.  '61.  disd.  May  1,  '62,  wound. 

Keshpaugh  John.  e.  May  25,  '61,  dl.sd.  May  11.  '63. 

Lamb  Frederick,  e.  May  25.  '61,  drowned  July  2,  '61. 

LaiiK  Williaiu  H.  e.  Mav  25.  *61. 

Laiiduii  Fred.  A.  e.  ^^lav  25,  '61,  disd.  April  22.  '62,  as  corpl. 

La/el!  .InshuaE.  e.  May  25, '61,  disd.  June  15.  '62. 

Lemuel  Peter,  e.  May  25,  '61. 


372 


PEORIA  COUNTY   WAR   RECORD. 


Miner  .lunllii  U  e   May  35.  '8t.  dliul.  April  24.  °62. 

Howell  1»T|<1.  e.  .Mav  ii,  '61. 

Myera  Harrlsim.  e.  .\Iav  S5.  'el.  illsd.  April  89.  '68. 


Howell  1»T|<1.  e.  .May  85.  'ttl. 

era  Harrlsun.  e.  .Nlav  85.  'el.  illsd.  April  89.  ' 
M.holl*  charlii  I..  .-.  .May  2.',.  '61. 
Ollri  Wlllluin  II.  I'.  May  '.>.V   til. 


Mv 

.Nl. 


<l-.Sell  ralrlik.  f.  .M.n  av  '61.  illid  Aug.  18.  '61. 

I'allin  .luhn  H.  e.  .M.iy  ii.  'ei. 

flper  Julin.  e.  -May  85.  '61. 

Plunili  Henry  S.  e.  .May  85.  '6\. 

riiueiili  <'liarli.s  II.  e.  .May  85.  '61.  disd.  April  6. '63.  sentence 

ciiiirt  inantul. 
RayiiKMi  KiiKt'iif  K.  e.  May  85.  '61.  diad.  Sept.  4,  '61,  sentence 

Cdiirl  martial. 
Kilter  ruiilp.  f.  .May  85.  '61.  dlsd.  Nov.  84.  '68. 
Ri'iKle  Anton,  e.  Mav  85.  '61. 
Keed  Uolx-rt.  e.  .May  25.  '61. 
Kook  .lohn.  f.  May  3.^.  '61. 
Kul.-y  .Stanley,  e.  .Mav  85.  '61. 
.sitnnis  .lanie.t  A.  e.  >Iav  85.  '61. 
Smith  Wesley,  e.  -May  ^5.  '61.  dlsd.  Feb.  2.  '62. 
.Sinedtt  Cliarle.s.  e.  -Mav  85.  '61. 
Shorkley  Mlllkan.  e.  .May  85.  '61. 
Sllllwell  .lulin  U.  e.  .Mav  85.  '61. 

.Stellmali  James  <i.  e.  .Mav  85.  '61.  dl.sd.  Nov,  1,  '61. 
.Stone  Jo.septi,  e.  Mav  85.   61.  re-e.  as  vet. 
.sykis  James  II.  e.  Mai  85.  '61.  dl-sd.  April  2.  '62. 
Tampllil  Hen]  .mill  11.'  e.  .May  85.  '61. 
Thomas  William  B.  e.  .Ma\  85.  '61.  dlsd.  AU(f.  27,  '68. 
Thompson  .lames,  e.  .May  85.  '61. 
TwiKKs  Janus,  e.  May  85.  '61.  dlsd.  Keb.  8  '68 
Dlrkli  William,  e.  Mav  85.  '61.  dlsd.  Sept.  14.  '61. 
VaiiTlne  .lames  11.  e.  .Mav  85.  '61.  died  Aug.  7,  '62. 
Watson  Samuel,  e.  May  25.  '61. 
Wheeler  ll.iratlo.  e.  .May  85.  '61.  dlsd.  Jan.  1.  '64. 
Wentletl  IvtiT.  e.  May  85.  '61.  drowneil  .luly  19.  '62. 
Woodnilt  William  A.  e.  .May  85.  '61.  dlsd.  Sept.  14,  '61. 
Woods  Ucnry  A.  e.  .May  85.  '61. 
WoolslelD  Henry,  e.  Hay  85,  '61. 

Recruits. 
Albright  Fred.  e.  Mav  35.  '61, 

AuIclUt  Arthur  T.  e.  Sept.  17.  '61.  dlsd.  Jan.  1.  '64. 
Hush  (ieorge  .M.  e.  June  34.  '61.  dlsd.  Nov,  11.  '62.  wounds. 
Hroailuian  .lolin.  e.  .May  28.  '61. 
Iloilxe  .lames,  e.  .May  85.  '61. 
Olipalu  .\iili»n.  e.  .Nov.  83.  '63. 
Iluwell  Alfre.l   e.  On.  85.  '61.  dls.l.  Nov.  1,  '62. 
Jones  tieorxe  11.  e.  May  85.  '61.  dlsd.  July  23,  '68,  wounds 
Kellev  Lewis,  e.  July  5.  '61.  m.o.  June  4.  '61. 
rnter  Migusl  e.  .Mav  85.  '61.  klil.  at  Vlckslmrg  May  32.  '63. 
riper. lames  W.  e.  Aiig.  11.  '6'^.  trans,  toco.  1!  8  h  111.  Inf. 
Keeier  IMiillp.  e.  Jan.  85,  '64.  trans,  to  CO.  E  8tli  111.  Inf. 
Seliiniinrk  (ieur^'e.  e,  .Maj  85.  '61. 

.splnlliig  William  11.  e.  May  85.  '61,  sent  to  taosp.  .Sept.  '61. 
Woods  George  £.  e.  Oct.  85.  '6-8,  kl>i.  at  VIeksburg  May  27,  '63. 

Veterana. 

Cohb  Ucorge  C.  e.  Jan.  3.  '64.  trans,  to  co.  e  gtli  111.  Inf. 
Davis  .Satnuel.  e.  Jan.  3.  '64.  trans,  to  ro  K  Mill  111.  Inf. 
Stone  Joseph,  e.  Jan.  1.  '64,  trans,  toco.  K  8th  111.  luf. 

CO.MrANV    15. 

Lleiitenantft. 

First,  John  Hough,  com.  Aug.  86.  '61.  res.  April  18.  '8'8. 
First.  Albert  W.  Junes,  com.  .\prll  IH.  '68.  res.  Kept.  13.  '68. 
.Second,- Albert  W.Junes,  com.  .May  15.  '61.  pro. 

8er|feaiit. 
Pollock  George  W.  e.  May  85.  '61. 

Corporal. 
Thurston  William,  e.  .May  85.  '61. 

I*rlvat«a. 
Ilrick  John.  e.  May  35.  '61. 
Urackctt  Alois,  e.  Slay  85.  °61. 
Denton  iHiutc.  e.  .Mav  35.  '61.  ro-e.  as  vet. 
i>uremper  .lolin.  e.  May  85,  '61. 
Dally  Daiibl.  e.  .May  85.  '61.  <llsd.  Aug.  IS.  '62. 
Davidson  lieorge,  e.  .May  85.  '61.  dlsd.  Uct.  17,  '6'J,  as  curpl. 
Klllolt  .liihii.  e.  .^Iay  85.  '61.  dleil  Feb.  34.  '62. 
Kills  .loliii  II.  e.  .May  85. 'hi. 

Falkenbnrk'  I'homua  .1.  e.  May  85.  '61.  diad.  May  16,  '62. 
Kranels  Thomas  ,1.  e.  May  85.  '61. 
(iaiaulo  J.  W.  e.  .May  35.  61.  died  Feb.  28.  '62. 
Class  William  K.  e.  .Mav  2.'>.  '61 
llartman  AiiKustus.  e.  .May  25.  '61. 
Junes  Job.  e.  .May  35, 'HI. 
I.llherow  William,  e.  Mav  8.5. '61. 
.Mateland  .luhn.  e.  .May  8N.  '61   trans,  to  naval  service. 
.Morris  David,  e.  .May  8.5.  '61. 

.Mart  n  James  It.  e.  .May  8.5.  'HI.  dlsd.  May  3,  '6*2,  wounds. 
Ittley  James,  e.  May  8.V  'HI.  trans. 
WIekell  John  »  e.  May  85.  '61. 
Wlllougbby  .M.  K.  <:  May  85,  '61.  dlsd.  Feb. '62. 
Wagner  I.  e.  .May  85.  '6l. 

Kecrutta. 

Ackrriiiall  William  II.  e.  Jan.  M.  '64.  irans.  toco.  K  8th  111.  Inf. 
mind  fhlllp.  r    Dee.  1.5.  h.l.  tralx.  to  CO.  K.  81h  III.  Inf. 
Heal  William  II.  e.  Keb.  16.  '64,  trans,  loco.  K  8lh  III.  Inf. 
llrluciihait  John,  e.  May  26  .'61. 


Cross  William,  e.  Feb.  8. '64.  trans,  toco.  B8Ih  ni.  Inf. 
Clenimens  William  E.  e.  D.t.  1.  '61.  trans,  to  co.  K  8tta  III.  Inf. 

Davis  Oscar  R.  e.  May  39. '61,  dlwl  Dec. '61.  

Fogarn  Jeremiah,  e.  Feb.  84.  '64.  trans,  lo  Co.  K  8th  III.  Inf. 
.Miller  .'iamuel  I',  c.  Dec  8.  '63.  trans,  lo  co  K  8th  111.  Inf. 
McHenry  James,  e.  Jan.  20.  '64.  trans,  to  co.  K  8th  III.  Inf. 
HcGrath  James,  e.  Feb.  85.  '64,  trans,  to  co.  K  8th  111.  Inf. 

Veteran. 

Rakoskle SUnelaus,  e.  Dec.  15,  '63.  trans,  toco  K  8th  III.  Inf. 

CO.MPANV  C. 
Recralts. 

Bayne  James,  e.  May  25. '61.  re-e.  .IS  vet.  ..  ^    .    .    „  ... 

Wlsner  Jacob  S.  e.  (private  i  .May  85.  '61,  dlsbon.  Olid.  July  2,'ei. 

CO.Ml"ANV    U. 
Private. 

Price  Samuel,  e.  May  25.  '61. 

Recralta. 
Moore  James,  e.  June  23.  °61.  trans.Feb.  1,  '62. 
McKlnney  Michael,  e.  July  9.  '61.  m.o.  Aug.  10,  '64. 

CO.'>II'.\NV    E. 

Recrutto. 

Brophv  James,  e.  June  15.  '61 . 

Hryan'.MiMjre.  e.  June  15.  '61.  dlsd.  Oct.  17,  *82. 

Berry  Terry,  e.  June  24.  '61. 

Bateman  James  A.  e.  June  34. '61.  dlsd.  June  10. '62. 

Carroll  Kdvvln.  e.  June  84.  '61.  trans,  to  cu.  D  8th  111.  Inf. 

Iluwell  Israel,  e.  June  15. '61.  dlsd.  July  10,  '61. 

MrGee  WllUaln  T.  c.  June  15.  '61. 

Smith  Oliver,  e.  July  84.  '61. 

Wilson  Walter,  e.  June  34.  '61. 

COMPANY  G. 
Privatefl. 

Schell  William,  e.  May  25.  '61.  trans,  to  non-com.  sialT. 
Borne  James,  e.  June  35.  '61.  trans,  to  co.  C  8Ih  111.  Inf. 
"Towers  K.  J.  e.  June  24.  '61. 

COMP.4NY   U. 

Prlvatra. 
Yates  William  E.  e.  May  35,  '61,  trans,  to  gun-boat  service  Keb. 

4.  '68. 
Law  Thomas  J.  e.  Mav  88.  '61.  dls<l   .Nov.  11.  '68. 
Lowers  Calvin  O.  e.  .Vug.  1'8.  '61.  dlsd.  .March  3'8.  "63. 

COMP.\NY   1. 
Private. 

Workman  James  H.  e.  May  85,  '61.  dlsd.  March  24.  '63. 
Recrtitta. 

Kelley  Lewis,  e.  ,lune  34,  '61 . 

Phelps  James  M.  e.  June  84.  '61.  curid.  died  Feb.  17.  '62. 
Shurtlebl  Neliun  .M.  e.  June  86. '61.  dlsd.  Nuv.  1.  '61. 
Stead  William  H.  e.  Feb.  1.  64.  trans,  to  Co.  A  8th  III.  Inf. 
Wright  William  M.  e.  July  1.  '61,  lu.o.  July  1.  '64. 

COMPANY   K. 
Lleutenanta. 

First.  John  (}.  A.  Jones,  cun.  April  33.  "61.  died  In  service. 
Second,  Andrew  J,  Hruner,  emu.  April  34.  '61.  died  In  service. 

Privatea. 

Pflfesher  Ilavmond.  e.  May  35.  'HI. 

Warren  Aarun,  e.  May  25.  '61.  dlsd.  Nov.  15,  '61,  disab. 

Ueorult. 

Vandoran  Jacob,  e.  May  2a  '61.  dlsd.  May  IS.  '62. 
ITiiaffalffned    Recruit, 

Campbell,  William,  e.  Fel>.  15.  64.  trans,  lo  co.  B  8tb  III.  luf. 


IKlli  Infantry. 


1'<>.MI'AN\     K. 
Private. 

Ilanlaii  Thoni.-is,  e.  Dec.  16.  *63.    See  cu.  II  as  consolidated. 


18tli  Jnlautry  (llcurKunizotlj. 

COMPANY    K. 
Mualolan, 

.Murphy  Juhu,  e.  Feb.  27.  '65,  desrid.  March,  'tft. 


PEORIA  COUNTY   WAR   RECORD. 


373 


Privates. 

Mockh.-lrt  GeoiRe.  e.  Feb.  27,  '65.  m.o.  Dec.  16,  '6.5. 
Mooney  Peter,  e.  Feb.  -ih,  '65.  desrta.  18,  '65. 

COMPANY  F. 

Ijientenant. 

First,  Geo.  Foster,  com.  Marcb  IB.  '65.  (Uslionor.ably  dismissed 
.June  39,  '65. 

Sergeant. 

McCoy  Michael,  e.  March  5,  '65,  ilesrtd.  March  23,  '65. 

Corporal. 
Campeii  William  H.  e.  March  8,  '65,  desrtd.  March  26.  '65. 

Priviites. 
Buckley  Charles  A.  e.  March  10,  '65.  desrtd.  March  18.  '65.^ 
Clumer  Thomas,  e.  March  9,  '65,  iii.o.  Dec.  16.  '65. 
Collins  Murray,  e.  March  8.  '65.  desrtd.  March  26.  '65. 
Curtis  George,  e.  March  6.  '65.  desrtd.  Marcli  26.  '65. 
Dalnise  George  W.  e.  March  6.  '65.  desrtd.  March  18.  '65. 
Fairley  William,  e.  March  8.  '65.  desrtd.  .March  26.  '65. 
Frank  Nicholas,  e.  March  10,  '65.  desrtd.  March  26.  '65. 
Morgan  Tlioinas.  e.  March  8.  '65.  desrtd.  March  18.  '65. 
Miles  Michael,  e.  Feb.  37.  '65.  desrid.  March  26.  '65. 
Owen  John,  e.  March  8,  65.  desrtd.  Murcli  26,  '65. 
Ryan  John,  e.  March  6.  '65.  desrtd.  March  18.  '65. 
Kiley  John.  e.  March  11.  65.  desrtd.  March  18.  '65. 

COMPANY   G. 

Private. 

Ryan  William,  e.  Feb.  37.  '65.    In  military  prison  at  ra.o. 

COMPANY    I. 

Corporal. 

Dawson  Cornelius,  e.  Feb.  28,  '65,  m.o.  May  1 1,  '65. 


Harper  Thomas,  e.  Feb.  23,  '65,  m.o.  Dec.  16.  '65. 

King  Lewis  M.  e.  Fel).  33.  '65.  m.o.  Dec.  16.  '65. 

Miller  James  D.  e.  March  1.  '65,  pro.  sergt.  desrtd.  .Sept.  37,  '65. 


20th  Infantry. 


COMPANY    G. 

Drafted  and  Substitute  Kecruit. 

Turnbull  Esquire,  e.  Oct.  13.  '64,  sub.  m.o.  July  35.  '65. 


23(1  Infantry. 


COMPANY  G. 

Recruit. 

Croneii  Timothy,  e.  June  21.  *62,  tlisd.  May  4,  '62. 


24th  Infantry. 

COMPANY   A. 


Ci^ptain. 

Alexander  J.  Kelfiiiusy,  com.  July  3, '62,  term,  expired  Aug.  6/64. 

COMPANY    F. 

Lieutenant. 

First,  Alexander  J.  Kelfalusy.  com.  June  29,  '61,  pro.  to  Capt. 
CO.  A. 

Private. 
Wernlck  William,  e.July  8. '61.  trans,  to  Invalid  Corps  Oct.29.'63. 


27th  Infantry. 


COMPANY    I>. 

Kecruit. 

Anderson  Geo.W.  e.  Sept.  29, '61,  desrtd.  Oct.  6, '61. 


28th  Infantry  (Consolidated). 

COMPANY    G. 

Lieutenants. 

Second.  Henry  Lewis,  com.  March  21,  '65,  dishonorably  dis- 
missed May2,  '65. 
Second,  Thos.  Henderson,  com.  Aug.  23.  '65,  pro. 

Sergeant. 

First,  Thomas  Henderson,  e.  March  1 5.  '65.  pro.  to  Second  Lieut. 


Corporal. 

Canady  Wm.  R.  e.  March  8.  '65.  as  corpl.  m.o.  March  8,  '66. 
Musician. 

Gaylor  John  L.  e.  March  8,  '65.  as  musician,  died  at  Cairo.  April 
2,  '65. 

Privates. 
Howe  George  W.  e.  March  8,  '65,  m.o.  June  24,  '65. 
Corber  Con.  e.  March  14.  '65.  desrtd.  March  26.  '65. 
K'eiley  Samuel,  e.  March  16,  '65,  desrtd.  Marrh  27.  '65. 
Curley  James,  e.  March  11.  '65.  desrtd.  March  26,  '65. 
Lewis  Henry,  e.  March  14,  '65.  pro.  Second  Lieut. 
Lewis  Robert,  e.  March  14,  '65.  desrtd.  March  26,  '65. 
MuUiKan  Thomas  S.  e.  March  14.  '65.  desrtd.  March  26.  '65. 
Mornsey  Michael,  e.  March  14,  '65,  desrtd.  March  26.  '65. 
Norton  Charles,  e.  March  14.  '65.  desrtd.  March  26.  '65. 
Price  David  A.  e.  March  8,  '65.  m.u.  June  15.  '65. 
Sherer  Hurdv  HlII.  e.  March  11,  ■65.  m.o.  Marcli  11,  '66 
Thompson  Abram  It.  e.  March  14, '65,  absent  sick  at  m.o.  of  Regt. 
Wise  David  B.  e.  March  8.  '65,  m.o.  March  8.  '66- 


20th  Infantry. 


COMPANY    E. 

Recruit. 

Jones  Martin  L.  e.  Aug.  31,  '64,  m.o.  Nov.  6,  '65. 

COMPANY    K. 

Serjeant. 
Brown  William  R.  e.  Aug.  34,  '61,  m.o.  Aug.  28, '64,  terra  expired. 

Private. 
Garner  Geo.  W.  e.  Aug.  24,  '61,  m.o.  Aug.  28.  *64,  term  expired. 

Veterans. 
Davis  Thomas  W.  e.  Jan.  1,  '64.  desrid.  twice. 
Karris  Christopher,  e.  Jan.  1.  '64,  absent  sick  at  m.o.  of  Kegt. 
Grover  Isiah,  e.  Jan.  1,  '64.  desrtd.  Aug.  24,  '64. 
Huston  Gilbra,  e.  Jan.  1,  '64,  m.o.  Nov.  tj.  '65. 
Hedgar  Job,  e.  Jan.  1,  '64,  m.o.  June  1.  '64. 
Mark  well  Abner  S.  e.  Jan.  1,'64,  m.o.  Nov.  6.  '65,  as  sergt. 
Wilkius  William  T.  e.  Jan.  1.  '64,  pro.  2J  Lieut,  from  1st  sergt. 

Kecruits. 

Davis  William,  e.  Aug.  15,  '64.  m.o.  Aug.  4,  '65, 
Kurst  Thomas  R.  e.  Aug.  15.  '61,  m.o.  Nov.  6,  '65. 
Igo  Daniel,  e.  Aug.  15.  '64.  m.o.  Nov.  6.  '65. 
Jones  Samuel  S.  e.  Au'.,'.  15,  '64.  m.o.  .\ug.25,'65. 
Markwell  Geo.  W.  e.  Aug.  15.  '64,  m.o.  Aug.  4,  '65. 

COMPANY    I. 

Hamer  Henry,  e.  Aug.  11,  '61.  re-e.  as  vet. 


31st  Infantry. 

COMPANY  A. 

Drafted  and  Subxtitnte  Kecruits. 

Andrews  William,  e.  Sept.  27.  '64.  m.o.  May  3.  '65. 
Andrews  W.  H.  e.  Sept.  27,  '64,  m.o.  May  3,  '65. 
McCurdy  John.  e.  Sept.  27,  '64,  m.o.  May  31,  '65- 
Lair  George  H.  e.  Sept.  27,  '64.  m.o.  May  31,  '65. 
JIcKinnon  J.  e.  Dec.  15,  '64.  (sub.),  m.o.  July  19,  '65. 
Savage  William  C.  e.  Sept.  27.  '64.  m.o.  May  31.  '65. 
SlyghChas.  C.  e.  Sept.  29,  '64,  m.o.  May  31.  '65. 
Sn:iper  John.  e.  Sept.  27.  '64.  m.o.  May  31,  "65. 
Wheeler  John,  e.  Sept.  27,  '64.  m.o.  May  31.  '65. 
Ward  Roswell.  e.  Sept.  27.  '64,  m.o.  May  31,  '65 

COMPANY  1$. 

Drafted  and  Substitute  Recruit. 

Mills  Robert  R.  e.  Oct.  13.  "64.  m.o.  July  19.  '65. 

COMPANY  D. 

Drafte<l  and  Substitute  Recruits. 

Taylor  Isaac  D.  e.  Sept.  27,  '64.  lu.o.  May  31,  '65. 
Wa'son  William,  e.  Sept.  13.  '64.  m.o.  May  30.  "65. 

COMPANY  G. 
Drafted  and  SubHtitute  Recruit. 

Kreft  Frederick,  e.  Oct.  19,  '64.  m.o.  July  19.  '65. 

C03I1»ANY  H. 

Drafted  and  Substitute  Recruit. 

Noble  Enoch,  e.  Sept.  27.  '64.  m.o.  May  31,  '65. 

COMPANY  I. 

Privates. 

Martin  Lsaae.  e.  Aug.  15,  '61.  re-e.  as  a  vet. 


374 


PEORIA   COUNTY   WAR   RECORD. 


Ahe**ii  l*strlck,  e.  Aug.  1ft.  '61,  m.o.  Nor.  10.  '64.  term  ex. 
WiDkey  Jolio  8.  e.  Aug.  1ft.  '61.  re-p.  u  a  vet. 


32<I  InCaiitry. 

COMIMNV  A. 
iDrmfted  hdcI  .Subatltute  Kecrnlt. 
WIIMD  FlDk)  T.  e.  Si-pt    27.   64.  mo.  Jul)  19.  '65. 

CU-tII'.\NV   G. 
DrufteU  uutl  .Subittltute  Kecrult. 
PatMnoD  William,  e.  Sept.  26.  '61.  m.o.  June  3,  '65. 

COMPANY  I. 

Lieutenant. 
SecoDd.  Hiram  R.  Walgamot,  com.  April  25.  '65,  m.o.  Sept.  16.'65 

Serseant. 
Walgamot  Hiram  R.  e.  .Sot.  7.  '61,  as  scrgt.  re-e.  as  vet 

CorporiilB. 
Cawser  Darld  M.  e.  Not.  5.  '61.  as  corpl.  re-e.  as  Tet. 
Goodwin  Miles  R.  e.  Not.  7.  '61.  dlsd.  April  28.  '62.  disab. 
Wbltlow  William,  e.  Dec.  17.  '61.  as  corpl.  re-e.  as  Teu 

PrlvatcH. 
Buck  Abram,  e.  .Not.  5.  '61.  dlsd.  Aug.  18.  '62.  dlssb. 
CrackelJaines.  e.  oci.  2.  '61.  dlsd.  April  28.  '6'2.  dIsab. 
Comptoii  Thoma.H,  v.  Not.  1.  '61.  hl.i.  al  Slillon  April  6,  '62. 
Dlselms  WasliliigtOD.  e.  Not.  5,  '61,  died  BollTar,  Te.n.  Oct.  14. 

'62.  wounds. 
Fuller  William,  e.  Not.  5,  '61,  discd.  July  14.  '62.  wounds. 
Fuller  Samuel,  e.  Nov.  5.  '61.  re-e.  as  vet. 
Fuller  John.  c.  Not.  5.  '61,  re-e.  as  vet. 
Fuller  Nathan,  e.  Nov.  28.  '61.  re-e.  as  vet. 
OoW  Tlioman.  e.  Oct.  16.  '81,  trans,  to  1.0.  Sept.  15,  '63. 
Joii«a  George,  e.  Not.  30.  '61,  rc-e.  as  vet. 

Veteran*. 

Krisber  Jobn,  e.  Jan.  2.  '64.  m.o.  Aug.  8.  '65. 

Peters  .Samuel  I.,  e.  Jan.  2.  '64.  m.o.  Aug.  8.  '65 

Whitlow  Wllllam.e.  June2. '64.  m.o.  Sept.  16. '65  as  sergt. 

Drafted  and  Substitute  Recruit*. 

Buck  Miller  II.  e.  Oct.  2b.  '64.  (sul>. ),  m.o.  Sept.  16. '65. 
Blue  James  W.  e.  Sept.  27.  '64.  m.o.  June  3.   65. 
Uoher  Josepb.  e.  Sept.  27.  '64.  m.o.  June  3. '65. 
Juller  Isaac,  e.  Sept.  26, '64.  m.o.  June  3.  '65. 
Jame.H  Jesse,  e.  Sept.  26.  '64.  m.o.  .luiie  3.  '65. 
I'yle  George,  e.  Sept.  26.  '65.  m.o.  June  3.  65. 
Pre-slon  Samuel,  e.  Sept.  26.  '64.  m.o.  June  3.  '65. 
Walter  James,  e.  .Sept.  27.  '64.  m.o.  Juno  3, '6ft. 

«'OMl'.\NY  K. 
Drafted  and  .Substitute  Kecrulta. 

Vinson  Ira,  e.  Sept.  27.  '64.  died  March 23.  '65. 
Baker  Joseph,  e.  Sep'.  27.  '64.  trans,  loco.  I. 
Craig  John,  c.  Sejil.  27.  '64.  m.o.  June  3,  '65. 
UaoillDe  Wade  11.  e.  Sept.  27.  '64,  m.o.  June  3.  '85. 

Unaaalfned  and  Substitute  Kecrult, 

Scboller  Jacob,  c.  Nov.  15  '64,  <sub.  > 


33(1  Infantry. 

MuNlclan. 
Winter  or  Minor  O.  A.  c.  Aug.  15,  '61,  m.o.  Aug.  15. '82. 

COMPANY  B. 

Musician, 
Packer  William  K,  e,  Aug.  '20. '61.  dicdironlon.  Mo.  Not.  27,  '61. 

Privates. 
Ingraham  Kdward  A.  c.  Aug.  '20. '61.  rc-e.  as  a  Tet. 
Mayo  William  J.  U.  e.  Aug.  20.  '61,  ro-casaret. 
Boblnsoii  Martin  B.  e.  Aug.  20.  '61,  died  Ironlon,  Mo.  Oct.27,  '61. 

Veteran. 

Morgan  8ld.  O.  e.  March  29,  '64.  dlsd.  for  promotion  July  25.  '65. 

Kecrult. 
Cbaae  Kdward  I),  e.  Aug.  13.  '62.  m.o.  Aug.  10,  6ft  as  aergL 

COMPANY  D. 
Kecrult. 

Leary  KIcbard,  e.  Jan.  38.  '8S.  m.o.  Nor.  24.  '6$. 

CnaJiHlgned   iCecTulta. 
Corley  James,  e.  March  .1.  '65.  desrtil 
UaTU  Charles  I',  e.  Fab.  25,  '65. 


Johnson  I>aTld.  e.  Marrb  3.  *65. 

Keenan  William,  e.  March  8.  '«ft. 

McLe-xl  .Miirdork.  e    Fel.  25.  '65. 

McCarthy  TImolh).  e.  March  2.  '65.  m.o.  May  SS.  '65. 

.McCarthy  Lawrence,  e.  March  3.  *65. 

McKnIght  Henry,  e.  March  3.  '65. 

■Stewart  .Meiaiider   e.  Keh.  25. '65. 

SIrams  Michael,  e.  March  3.. 65. 

White  John.  e.  Slarch  3.  '65. 

Dolau  John.  e.  March  3.  '65. 

DaltoD  James,  e.  March  3.  '65. 


:Mtli  Infantry. 

COMPANY   C. 
Kecrnlu  Transferred  froui  86th  Infantrr. 

HlDdbaugh  Philip,  e.  Jan  4.  '64.  m.o.  July  12.  '65. 
SaudereD  Charles,  e.  Jan.  2.  '64.  m.o.  July  12.  '65. 

COMPANY   E. 
Drafted  and  Substitute  Kecrult. 

LeGrass  George,  e.  March  25.  '64.  (snb.  i,  m.o.  July  13,  '65. 

COMPANY    F. 
Iti'cruits  Tranalcrred  from  86th  Infantry. 

Gladfettir  Mhcrt.  e.  Keh.  1.  '64.  vet.  recruit  m.o.  July  12. '65. 

Hughes  William,  e.  Feb.  1.  '64.  vet.  recruit  m.o.  July  12.  '65. 

Harris  Joseph  U.  e.  Jan.  23.  '65.  m.o.  July  12.  '65. 

Lynch  James  A.  e.  Jan.  23.  '65.  lu.o.  July  12.  '65. 

Nail  William,  e.  Ja[i.  21.  '64.  vet.  recruit  m.o.  July  1'2,  '65. 

Drafted  and  Snbatltnte  Kecrult. 

Bane  .Matthew,  e.  March  4.  '65  isub.),  m.o.  Aug.  3.  '65. 


COMPANY  «. 

Kecrnlts  Transferred  from  86th  Infantry. 

Frank  Henry,  e.  Dec.  29.  'HX  vet.  recruit  m.o.  July  12,  '65. 
Holtmeyer  Joseph  W.  e.  Dec.  17.  '63.  vet  recruit  m.o.  July  12.  65 
Preston  John  R.  c.  Dec.  29.  '63.  vet.  recruit  m.o.  Jul>  12.  '65 
Preston  Uavld.  e.  Dec.  2'2.  '63.  vet.  recruit  m.o.  July  12.  '65 

COMl'.XNV   I. 
Kecrulla  Transferred  frtiiu  8GII1  lufautry. 
Green  Andrew  S.  c.  Dec.  21.  "64.  m.o.  July  12.  '65. 
Glasford  .John.  e.  I)e<-.  28.  '64.  m.o.  July  12.  '65. 
Glasford  (Seorge.  e.  Dec.  28.  '64.  m.o.  .Inly  12.  '65. 
Kelley  Nelson,  e.  Feb.  21.  '6.').  m.o  July  IS. '65. 
Petty  Ezekll.  e.  Dec.  28.  '64.  111.0.  Juli  1-2.  '65. 
Petty  John  R.  e.  Dec.  28.  '64.  in.o.  July  1'2.  '65. 
.Sayler  William  C.  e.  Jan.  25.  '64.  lu.o.  July  12.  '65. 

CO.MPANY  K. 
Transferred  from  86th  Infantry. 

Reardon  Charles,  e.  March  2.V  '65  1  suh.  1.  desrtd.  June  24.  '65. 
Anderson  Joseph,  e.  Jan.  30,  '65. 

Dnaaalrned  Drafted  and  Subatltute  Kecrults, 
Farrell  Jobn.  e.  March  21,  '65  isub.) 
Flynam  Thomas, e.  March  21,  '65  (sub,) 


.'{otii  Infantry. 

CO.MPANY  H. 
Corporal. 
Bnulley  Seymour  W.  e.  July  3.  '61.  as  corpl.  m.o.  Sept.  27.  '64  as 
private. 


:UUU  Infantry. 

COMI'.4NY    A. 
Drafted  ami  Sul»liliit<<  Ueerull. 
Wilder  George  F.  e.  Sept.  26.  '64.  m.o.  June  1ft, 'flft. 

CO.MPANY  II. 
Veteran. 
MeGea  Joseph,  e.  Jan.  1,  '64,  mo  Oct.  8.  '6ft  as  corpl. 

CO.M  I'AN  V  »  . 

Itrntted  Hiiil  SiibMlllute   Kecrtilts. 

Kepsslit  MIcliael.  e  Oct.  11, '64  isuh.  I,  diej  Nashville  March  2, 

'65   ' 
Bulcum  Julius,  e.  Oct.  17,  '64  (sub.),  absent  sick  m.o.  Uegt. 


PEORIA   COUNTY   WAR   RECORD. 


375 


COMPANY  D. 

Orafted  aud  Substitute  Recruits. 

Nolnn  Thomas,  e.  Sept.  27.  '64,  m.o.  June  14.  '65. 
Laison  William,  e.  Oct.  12.  '64.  absent  sick  at  m.o.  Regt. 

COMPANY  I. 

Drafted  and  Substitute  Recruits. 

Miller  Joseph,  e.  Oct.  11. '64  (sub.),  m.o.  Oct.  8.  '65. 
Strange  Henry,  e.  Oct.  11.  '64  (sub.),  m.o.  Oct.  8.  '65. 

Unassigned^Recrnits. 

Williams  Wm.  S.  e.  Feb.  28.  '64. 
Beutoo  Charles,  e.  Feb.  28.  '64. 


38th  Infantry. 

COMPANY  A. 

Privates. 

Ennls  John,  e.  July  15.  '61,  disci.  Jan.  4.  '62  dlsab. 

Howey  Thomas,  e.  July  15,  '61,  re-e.  as  a  vet. 

Rollins  Gilbert,  e.  July  15.  '61.  dlsd.  Dec.  26.  '63  to  e.  in  reg.  cav. 

Sheehan  Thomas,  e.  July  15,  '61,  m.o.  May  2,  '65. 


39tli  Inlantry. 


COMPANY  G. 

Privates. 

Borchers  Hermanus,  e.  Aug.  30.  '61.  died  Cumberland,  Md.  Feb. 

13,  '62. 
Klumpp  William,  e.  Aug.  30.  '61,  died  Morris  Island  Oct.  2,  '63. 
Klumpp  Jacob,  e.  Sept.  4.  '61,  re-e.  as  vet. 


42(1  Infantry. 


COMPANY   A. 

Private. 

Carter  James  W.  e.  Aug.  21,  '61,  re-e.  as  vet. 

COMPANY  C. 

Drafted  and  Substitute  Recruit. 

Bune  John,  e,  Oct.  13,  '64,  m.o.  June  24.  '65. 

COMPANY  E. 
Veteran. 

Swan  William,  e.  Jan.  1,  '64,  reported  desrtd.  Nov.  28.  '65,  for 
falling  to  report  at  expiration  of  furlough. 

COMPANY  F. 
Private, 

Cook  James  H.  e.  July  29,  '61,  died  St   Louis,  Feb,  23,  '62. 

Drafted  and  Substitute  Recruit. 

Blteman  William  H.  e.  Sept.  27,  '64,  m.o.  July  15,  '65. 

COMPANY  H. 

Drafted  and  Substitute  Recruit. 

Caswell  Chester  B.  e.  Sept.  27,  — ,  m.o.  June  16,  '65. 

COMPANY  I. 

Privates. 

Thllieg  Christian  F.  e.  Jan.  1,  '64,  m.o.  Dec.  16,  '65. 
Bennett  William  H.  e.  Aug.  15,  '61,  re-e.  as  a  vet. 


43d  Infantry. 

COMPANY  D. 

Drafted  and  .Substitute  Recruit. 
Clauson  Heln  G.  e.  Sept.  26,  '64. 

COMPANY  G. 

Private. 

Woolenmann  John,  e.  Sept.  1,  '61,  m.o.  Dec.  16,  '64. 

COMPANY  H. 

Drafted  and  Substitute  Recruit, 

Faul  John,  e.  Sept.  26.  '64,  trans,  to  co.  E.  consolidated. 


43d  Infantry    (Consolidated). 

COMPANY  K. 

Private. 

Carroll  Timothy,  e.  Mar.  30,  desrtd.  Apr.  16.  '65. 


44th  Infantry. 

COMPANY  A. 

Privates. 

.Schrader  Charles,  e.  July  1,  '61,  disd.  June  7,  '62,  dlsab. 
Wirth  Frederick,  e.— died  at  RoUa.  Dec.  21,  '61. 
BlrlelDbacb  John,  e.  July  1,  "61,  died  March,  '63,  wounds. 

COMPANY   E. 
Captain. 

Ernest  Moldenhawer,  com.  Feb.  6.  '62.  died  of  wounds  Jan.  16 
•63. 

Lieutenants, 
First,  Ernest  Moldenhawer,  com.  Dec.  27,  '61,  pro. 
Second,  Ernest  Moldenhawer,  com.  Aug.  14,  '61,  pro. 

Private. 

Nlchaus  Franz,  e,  Sept.  1,  '61. 

COMPANY  K. 

Lieutenant. 

Second,  William  Gebhardt,  com.  Aug.  14,  '61.  res.  Jan.  16,  '62. 

Corporal. 
Heurich  WUz,  e.  Sept.  1,  '61,  sergt.  trans,  to  I.  C. 

Privates. 

Buchrig  Christian  C.  died  Dec.  31.  '62.  wounds. 

Degermeyer  George,  e.  Sept.  1.  '61.  re-e.  as  a  vet, 

Haager  Julius,  died  Feb.  1,  '63,  wounds. 

Heiuz  Philip,  e.  Sept.  1.  '61,  disd.  Dec.  19,  '61. 

Hlscn  Fred  William,  e.  Sept.  1.  '61,  dlsd.  Jan.  27,  '62. 

Meder  August,  e.  Sept.  1,  '61. 

Meyer  Christian,  e.  .Sept.  1.  '61. 

Romann  Peter,  e.  Sept.  1.  '61,  re-e.  as  vet. 

Vogel  Lewis,  e.  Sept.  1,  '61,  trans,  to  co.  A. 

Wweth  Frederick,  e.  July  1,  '61,  trans,  to  co.  A. 

Veterans. 

Duermeyer  George,  e.  Jan.  1.  '64.  corpl.  died  May  20,  '64. 
Kennel  Andreas,  e.  Jan.  1,  '64,  m.o.  Sept.  25,  '65,  corpl. 
Klassert  William,  e.  Jan.  1,  '64.  m.o.  Sept.  25.  '65.  corpl. 
Bohmann  Peter,  e,  Sept.  1,  '64,  m.o.  Sept.  25,  '65,  corpL 

Recruits. 

Albers  Henry,  e.  March  30, '60,  died  Nashville,  Tenn.  July  14,  '64 

Buchler  Jobannus,  e. 

Berge  Burkhad,  disd.  Jan.  18,  '62,  disab. 

Denzel  Lewis,  trans,  to  co.  E. 

Essig  George,  died  Sept.  21.  '63  of  wounds. 

Schmidt  Carl,  trans,  to  co.  E.  desrtd.  Sept.  9,  '62. 

Stephen  Joseph,  died  Nov,  28,  '62. 

Zugg  Florlan. 

Stan  berg  Max,  e.  Jan.  29,  '64 


45th  Infantry. 


COMPANY  B. 
Private. 

Dresser  Charles  W.  e.  Oct.  2,  '61.  m.o.  Nov.  9,  '64. 


46th  Infantry. 

COJIPANY  I. 

Recruits  Transferred  from  11th  Illinois  Infantry, 

Hunter  John  D.  e.  Oct.  7.  '64,  (sub.),  m.o.  Oct.  5.  '65. 
Huber  George,  e.  (Jet.  7,  '64,  (sub.),  m.o.  Oct.  6,  '65. 
Mauel  Frak.  e.  Oct.  12.  '64.  isub.),  m.o.  Oct.  12.  '65. 
Vicfcery  Chester,  e.  Oct.  12.  '64,  (sub,),  m.o.  Oct.  11,  '65. 
Clay  Charles  H.  e.  March  4,  '64,  m.o.  July  20,  '66. 


47th  Infantry. 

HISTORY, 

The  Forty-Seventh  Illlnol.i  Infantry  Volunteers  was  first  or- 
ganized and  mustered  Into  the  service  of  the  United  States  at 
Peoria,  111.,  on  the  Ibth  day  of  August,  1861. 

On  the  23d  day  of  September,  1861,  the  regiment  moved  by 
rail,  from  Peoria  to  St.  Louis.  Mo.,  going  Into  quarters  at  Henton 
Barracks,  near  the  city,  where  it  was  clothed  and  armed  com- 
plete. Remained  in  Benton  Barracks  undergoing  a  thorough 
drilling  dally  until  the  9th  day  of  October,  when  It  moved  by 


876 


PEORIA   COUNTi'    WAR   RKCORD 


r»ll.  to  .li*rror«nu  City.  Mo.,  whure  It  rrmkliie<l.  iIo|ii(r  parrlann 
duty,  until  th<?  *>2«i  day  ut  Drreiubfr.  when  It  moved  by  rmll.  Ut 
f>ll«TTillt*.  Mo.:  rt'inaltiltitf  thi-rc  ilrllhriK  iinil  iloliif;  K^rrlitoti 
Uuiv  until  the  24l  ila)  of  Kf)>ru»rv.  l8ti'J.  w)i>ii  it  iii:ir<-hrt|  ii'trtli 
totlit^  MltHMiirl  rlvf r  :  crtttsini?  at  lto<iiicTtIlf.  iiiarrhfd  down 
the  iiurti)  .tide  of  the  river  to  .St.  t'harle^.  where  It  arrlve«I  t>ii  the 
18th  dfty  of  February;  rrosm'»!the  river  at  St.  t'hjirlesand  moved 
tO'  rail  tu  St.  1>JUU.  wliere  ti  eiiil>arke«l  on  the  iileaiuer  War 
E^le  and  moved  down  the  river.  ;trrlvlnK  at  Cairo  on  ttie  23d 
day  ttf  February. 

On  the  '.I.'tih  day  of  February,  moved  buck  up  the  river  thirty 
mile!)  to  Cuinnirree,  Mu..  where  the  reK>mi-nt  disembarked,  and 

{uliietl  P<>|H->  (Niiniiiaiid.  then  iireparliig  for  a  campaign  agaliint 
jtlUM'l  Nm.  luaiid  New  Madrid. 

M:tr<-hr<|  from  Itenton  Mo..  March  '2d.  arrlvlnfc  In  front  of 
the  etieni\  '■»  work-t  :it  New  Madrid.  March  4lb. 

On  the  iiiKht  of  Marrh  lOlb,  the  r^Klment.  with  the  llth  Mis- 
souri Infantry,  niar<-hed  ten  mlirs  bel(»w  New  .Madrid,  taking 
with  Ihem  a  battery  of  I i^rh  :irtllb*ry,  to  point  Pleasant,  bluekad- 
Imk  the  rlv<-r  and  etitiliiK  "^  tiie  encinvS  (-Duiruiiiiii-atioM  by 
river  b.li.w  N.'w  Madrid  anil  Island  N<>.  10.  Il'-re  the  regiment 
was  brigaded  with  Hit-  Hth  Ml-viourl  Infantry  Volunteers.  Jtilh 
KeKtmeut  IIIIiim1>  Infatitrj  Vidunteers.  and  the  8  h  Ite^lment 
Wisconsin  Iriranir\,  and  jilaoed  under  coinniand  of  ltri){adier 
General  .loseph  K.)Muinmer.  Remained  at  i'oint  Pleasant  en- 
camped Ml  a  dlsuicreaidu  »\vamp.  with  euutinual  heavy  rahiti 
until  the  7th  dav  •>?  .\prll. 

The  enemy  havluK  evacuuteil  New  Madrid  ou  the  iiiKht  uf 
the  5:h  of  April  the  regiment  marclH-<l,  with  the  briRaile.  up  to 
New  Madrid  on  the  7tli,  and  on  the  tith  were  paid  four  months' 
pay  by  Major  Wlthrell. 

On  tlie  inornlntf  of  .^prll  10  the  regiment  embarked  on  board 
the^teanier  Aleck  Sciiit  and  proceeded  with  the  army  down  the 
rlver  n>-;u'ly  to  Fort  Pillow,  returning  on  the  morn! rig  of  the  lUh 
and  dls--niharkfd  at  TlpioiivlHe.  Tenii..  twenty  mde-*  below  New 
Madrid  A|iril  l*^th  re-embarked  and  moved  uii  the  river  to 
Cairo,  drew  I'loihlng  and  took  nii  coal,  and  on  the  nii;ht  of  the 
20th  moved  up  the  Tennu^see  river,  arriving  at  HamburK  Land- 
lug.  Tenn..  on  the  morning  of  the22d  of  April,  dlsembarlied  and 
encamped  near  the  river. 

During  the  following  nfteeii  day^the  regiment  accompanied 
Gen.  PopeS  army  in  It^  advance  In  the  dlre<;llon  of  the  enemy's 
position  arouiifl  Corinth.  A  portion  of  the  way  It  had  to  con- 
Blruct  corduroy  roads  through  extensive  swamps.  On  the  9th 
day  of  May  Wd.s  engaged  at  Fiirmlnglon,  Miss.,  In  which  engage- 
ment Lieutenant  Colonel  I>anlei  L.  Miles  was  killed.  On  the 
28th  day  of  Mav  the  regiment  nartU-ipated  In  an  engagement 
near  Corinth,  (tti  the  night  of  >iay  '29th,  the  enemy  eva<-ualed 
Corinth  and  the  regiment  ac<-omf»anled  (ieneral  PopeS  armv  In 
jiursult  of  their  retreating  forces  as  far  as  Itoouesville,  Miss., 
returning  to  (_'amp  Clear  (reek,  six  miles  Motitli  of  Corlntli,  •lune 
II,  I86"J.  where.  In  a  few  day.s,  the  regiment  received  two 
months'  pav  from  Major  Ktllng. 

On  the  3d  of  July  tlie  regiment  marched  to  Rlenzl.  Ml^s.. 
renialneil  there  until  the  180i  day  of  .August,  ou  which  day 
Colonel  John  hryner  took  leaveof  the  regiment— his  resignation 
having  been  accepted,  on  accovint  of  ptior  health. 

August  18th  broke  Camp  Kleiizl  and  marcheil  to  Tuscuuihla. 
Ala.,  rejoining  the  lirlgatle  on  the  road,  arriving  there  August 
2-2d,  ati'l  on  tae  24tli  received  two  months*  pay  froiu  Major 
Ileintistead. 

Marched  from  Tuscumbla  .September  8tli.  nnd  arrived  at 
Camp  Clear  Creek  Sepu-mlM-r  I-lth.  Left  Clear  Creek  on  the 
morning  of  the  18th,  atid  marched  toward  luka,  .Mls^.;  pariicl- 
patetl  in  the  Itattle  of  luku  ou  the  19th.  where  the  army  unth-r 
General  UopecraiiN  defeated  the  enemy's  fori-es  undei- tieneral 
Kl*?rlliig  Prb'e.  In  llil>  engagement  .Major. lohn  Croinnell  was 
taken  prisoner.  Followed  the  retreating  army  of  the  en -my 
one  day  and  then  retur  imnI  to  Corinth,  arriving  iliere  on  the  'Ml 
of  Oet(d>er,  and  look  part  In  the  battle  of  (Nirlntb.  OefdnT  ."id 
and  4th.  In  the  engagement  of  the  ;M  the  brave  and  huimre<l 
('•doiiel  William  A  Thrush  was  killed,  while  bravely  leading 
hliirommaiid  In  a  charge.  4'aptain  David  DeWolf  of  Company 
K,  waKkilled.  Captain  Ilaiinan  .Vndrewx  was  severely  Mounded 
and  taken  prlsoinT.  I'lie  leiflnn-nt  lost  In  Ihisengngement  thirty 
killed  and  ovi-r  one  hundred  wounded. 

After  ihU  engagement  the  regiment  accomiiaiiled  tieiieral 
Rosecran's  army   In   pursuit  of  Prlc*'  and  X'aniMinrs  defe»t4'd 


army,  following  thi*iu  to  Ripley,  MIhk,  so  clt>8tdy  ns  i4i  cause  them 
lu  abanilon  MOIL 
and  e<|ulpiiue. 


lu  abanilon  some  of  their  art 


iey.  Ml 
lllery 


and  nearly  all  their  wagomi 


On  the  l-iiii  of  October  the  reglnient  returned  with  the  army 
and  encampetl  ne.ii  I'oj  inih  until  Nov<-mi>er'2d.  when  It  march t^tl 
to  Uraiiil  Jnneiioii.  Tenn.,  and  joined  General  (irani'H  e<kpedltion 
Into  renlrui  .MistiiHippi  M  ir<  h-d  to  Oi^foid,  .MIsv,  wlilt  the 
armv  and  returned  to  (iiand  .luni-iion,  Tenn..  January  1,  ]8(i.i. 

Januar)  Hlh  marched  from  Grand  Junction,  by  way  of  Ibdl- 
var,  Tenn.,  foi  Corinth,  wher<  It  arrived  .lanuary  14th.  Movetl 
by  rail  from  Corinth  Januat>  '2ti.  to  Uldgeway  Stailoii,  t'eim., 
where  the  regiment  renialned  guarding  the  railroad,  until 
.March  1'2.  when  It  innrchi-d  to  .MenipbU,  Tenn.,  and  enibarke^l 
un  board  the  Hteamer  Km|>reiis.  for  the  vb-inlly  of  VIcksburg. 
R4>malned  near  MebMia.  Ark.,  ten  da)H  and  again  nurvetl  ilowii 
the  river,  dlneniiiarklng  on  the  liit  da>  of  April  at  Durkport, 
twelve  nillei  nliovo  Vli'kst-uri;  Here  the  dutleN  of  the  men 
Were    itf    various   klnd>  lo.iding    and    unloading 

lit*'amtMtals.  digging    on  i    <'unlrlviiig  t  he  be^l  plaiin 

at  their  haiid<«  to  keep  fi  II  w.iter  al  iilglit. 

On  the  '24l  of  Ma\    m  marched,  with  the  arui), 

down  the  went  iible  of  1 1>  :  river,  crotidiig  It  ni  Grand 

Guir.  ano  Mllli    he  Flfi*  '  '    'rjtii,  tlien  commanded  by 

General  Hhennnn.  nmr'  i  '  '  m.  Miss.,  where.  o[i  the  Htli 

day  t>f  .May  I  HUH.  II  p.irt  >•  ip  a>  .|  in  the  eng;u(emen(  which 
resulted  In  ifir  ciipture  of  the  rlly.  «)n  the  morning  of  the  Ihlh 
wa«  rear  guard.    Ou  leaving  the  city.  Colonel  Cromwell,  thou 


commanding  regiment,  rode  back  to  see  If  a  detachment  of 

troops,  left  t,pt,i.,d  T'i  ^rl  t;  u[.  stragglers,  were  dulng  their 
duly.wh-                      '                 .  <:irae  up  t>etwe«*n  him 

and   liih  surrender,  which  he 

refu'iefl  I-  .  >  killed  In  the  attempt, 

several  bu , ^ ., 

The  regtmriii  p.tr iicii'.ii«-d  In  the  charge  on  the  enemy's 
works  at  A'lcksburg,  May  22d.  b«<>lug  twelve  men  killed  and 
quite  a  number  wuundrd.  Durltig  the  siege  of  Vtck^burg, 
Major  John  D.  McClure  reri-lvrd  a  ftevere  wound  and  carries  the 
bullet  In  hiN  bo^lv  io-da\ . 

On  the  4  th  of  June  the  regiment  nartlclpated  with  the  brigade 
under  command  of  General  Juseph  A.  Muwer,  In  the  defeat  of 
a  force  of  the  enemy  at  Me<  hanlcsvllle.  Miss.,  thirty  lullrs  from 
Vlcksburg-  near  the  Yazo..  river. 

After  the  fall  of  Vbk^hurg.  during  the  months  of  August, 
September  and  <»cioiier.  the  regiment  eucaiuprd  at  Bear  Creek, 
twenty  miles  east  of  VirkM'urg. 

In  the  middle  of  November.  1863.  the  regiment  moved  up 
the  river  to  Memphis.  Tenn.,  and  from  thence  to  Lagrange. 
Tenn..  guarding  ilie  Meniphi>  and  Charleston  line  of  rallmad. 
A  portion  of  the  time,  houever.  was  occupied  &<-ouilng  after  the 
rebel  <»eneral  ForresiS  command. 

On  the  26th  ol  January.  1864.  left  Lagrange  and  arrived  at 
Memphis  January,  :f8th. 

February  Int,  embarked  on  buard  steamer  for  Vlcksbiirr, 
where  It  arrived  Feliruary  :id,  and  weui  Into  camp  at  UlacK 
River  Itrldge,  twelve  mllen  from  Vlck>biirg.  Fehruar>  2.'id 
marched  to  Canton,  Miss.  Returned  to  Hiack  River  March  3d 
and  lo  Vickshuig  March  7  h.  w  here  It  embarked.  March  lUtli.  on 
board  steamer  Mars  for  the  Ked  River  Kxpedltlou.  Was  present 
at  theca\>ture  of  Fort  DeKusst-y.  Iji..  March  14ih. 

PartlclputcHl  in  the  battle  of  Pleasant  Hill.  La.,  April  Bth. 
1864.  During  tbl*t  expedition  the  regiment  was  under  Are 
Several  limev  and  MitTere'l  many  very  severe  hard>hips. 

On  tile  *22d  of  May  the  regiment  arilved,  with  tieneral 
Smith's  command,  at  \'lck>burg.  having  beeu  for  three  months 
engaged  In  as  tedli>us  and  fatiguing  a  caiupalgu  as  has  ever 
fallen  to  the  lot  of  any  army  to  undergo. 

June  5th,  the  regiment  embarked  for  Memuhls.  Moved  up 
the  river  to  Jjike  Chicot,  disembarked,  moved  Inland  and  came 
In  contact  with  a  force  of  the  enemy,  under  General  MarmaduKe. 
who  WHS  defeated  and  completely  rtmied.  Regltuwnt  lost  In 
this  eiigageiiieiit  eleven  men  kllbnt  a-idi|Uitea  number  wounded. 
Major  Miles  received  aluiost  a  fatal  shot  In  the  neck,  and  Cap- 
tain HIser  was  killed 

The  regiment  then  proceedtHl  to  Memphis  and  accompanied 
General  J,  .\.  Smith  to  Tupelo,  Mi-s.,  w  ith  the  exception  ut  the 
luen  who  had  re-enllsied.  numbering  about  one  hundred,  who 
left  the  regiment  at  Moscow,  Tenn.,  and  went  to  Illinois  on 
veteran  furlough. 

The  veterans  returned  to  the  regiment  on  the  8th  day  of 
August,  anil  uith  the  revlnieui  a<-cunipanled  General  A.  J. 
Smith's  expedition  to  Oxford,  MIss.  Relurue<l  to  Memphis, 
August  27.  1864.  The  original  term  of  service  of  the  regiment 
having  expired.  It  was  onlered  to  sprlngHelil.  111.,  where  It  was 
flually  discharged  on  the  1 1th  of  i>ciober.  1864. 

The  veterans  and  recruits  of  the  regiment,  iiumlterlng  196 
men.  left  .Memphis  Septenii>er  2d.  1st>  1.  undt^-r  the  command  of 
Lieutenants  Kdnard  liuutiatn  and  K<>>:il  0]m>[ead,  acconipany  - 
Ing  General  .Mower's  exin-<lUhui  up  White  river,  to  llrown»vllie. 
Ark.,  and  from  tlu  re  marciied  north  Inlt^i  Missiturl  after  the 
rebel  General  Price's  army,  which  wa^  rnidlng  in  that  Stale. 

Arrived  at  Cape  Girardejiu,  Mo .  «ie[uber  4lh.  and  took 
steamer  for  Jelfernou  City  Oc(oi>er  6th.  arriving  al  Jellerson 
City  on  the  IStii;  tiience  inuved  by  rail  to  i>ti<'rvllle;  ihenco 
marched  to  Warreiisburg,  where  II  arrlvetl  m*tobcr  26th.  Left 
Warreiistiurg  by  rail,  for  St.  IajuK  .November  2d;  arrlTCtl  at 
St.  Limis  on  the  4tn.  From  si.  Lt»uls  the  veteran  detachment 
was  ordered  lo  Chicago,  Id.  on  the  9tlt  of  November.  1864.  to 
a.sslst  In  tiuelllng  an>  rioi,  >ii  -ul.!  ilo  le  Iw  an)  on  the  day  of 
election.    Tlieir  tervie.s  n.'T  i.d.they  were  ordered 

to  rejiort  to  the  .SuiM^rlnleti'i  ^mg  Service  at  Spring- 

field, ill.,  and  were  !ilatloi:e..  i-r.  wloTe.  on  the  28Ul 

da)  of  Noveinher,  It   receivr  t  ■•    :tiou 

of  four  full  eompnnli's  w  a*   ■  .im 

CouimlHttiuned  Its  .Major  and   I  ued 

aA  Captain  of  Co.  A.    On  the  , md 

was  urtlered  lo  the  rtebl.  rehoi  uu^  ■;  ^s  .ij  d  .M,  L  ilii»,  [o  Ocueral 
Rosecruns.  .\t  St.  Loui.s  the  order  was  motiirted  and  Its  desti- 
nation changed  to  Ujulkville,  K).  From  here  It  was  ordered  to 
Howling  Green.  K>  ,  wliere  li  rem  ilneil  illl.lanuar)  27.  186&, 
when  It  moved  U\  rail,  to  .^.l^hv.lIr.  From  .Na-ibvllle,  dtiw  u  lUo 
Cumberland   and    up   the    ^enne^^el■    rlvrr    to    Kantptiri,    Miss., 

where  It  reloi lit?iold  t>rlg.ide-Nec4>nd  Hrltcade,  Flrsi  Division 

Sixteenth  .\ru)>  Corps—accoiiipanylng  It  to  New  orleano:  Ihenca 
to  Moldle  lta>.  taking  p.-tit  in  the  i eduction  of  Spanish  Fort. 

While  laying  Ml  front  of  Spanish  Fort,  six  additional  com- 
panics  arrlvetl  from  Sprliii;litdd,  III.,  making  the  organliatloii 
once  more*  iunjdele. 

After  the  fall  of  Mobile,  the  regiment  m.trclii>l  with  the 
Sixteenth  Corps  to  MunigiMMery,  .Via.,  where  it  arrived  Atirll 
85.  186y  December  31.  lHti5,  the  regiment  was  stationed  at 
Senna.  Ala. 

.MuslertsI  out  January  'Jl,  1866,  at  Selma.  Ala.,  and  ordered 
lo  SprliigQrld,  III.,  where  It  recelvetl  final  pay  and  discharge. 

Coloiiela. 

John  llryner,  cum.  July  1(7.  'Al.  res.  SepU  ^  'fit. 

William   A.  Thrush,  com.    Sept.  ^,   'tt'J,   kid.   In    t»atUe  before 

Corinth.  (»ci.  3.  '62, 
John  N.  I'romweil.  com.  Oct.  3,  'fit,  kid.   lu   battle  al  Jackson. 


Ml«4.  .Mav   16.  '63 
John  D.  Mct'lure.  com.  May  10.  *0S. 


t«rm  ex.ttcL  11.  '44. 


PEORIA   COUNTY   WAR   RECORD. 


377 


LlentPnant  Colonel. 

William  A.  Tlirush.  com.  May  9,  '62,  pro. 

majors. 
William  A.  Thrush,  com.  Aup.  25.  '61,  pro. 
John  N.  Cromwell,  com.  May  9,  't>2,  pro. 
John  D.  McCIure.  com.  Oct.  31,  '63.  pro.  to  Col. 

Adjutant. 

Rush  W.  Chambers,  com.  .\ug.  24.  '61,  pro.  to  Major. 

Quartermaster. 
Sam'l  A.  A.  Law.  com.  Aug.  8.  '63.  term  ex.  '64. 

Surgreons. 
Geo.  L.  Lucas,  com.  Aup.  14.  '61.  term  ex.  Sept.  19,  '64. 
First  Ass't.  Timothy  Babb,  com.  Aug.  14,  '61,  res.  Aug.  13,'  63. 

Chapliiiu. 

Jeremiah  Hazen,  com.  Sept.  20,  "61,  res.  Nov.  1.  '62. 

Sergeant  M-ajor. 
William  E.  Kuhu,  e.  Aug.  20,  '61,  pro.  2d  Lieut,  co.  F. 

Q.  M.  Ser^peant. 
Edward  E.  Tobey,  e.  Sept.  y.  '61,  pro.  2*1  Lieut,  co,  G. 

Principal   Musicians. 
James  D.  Woiideii,  e.  Aug.  14.  '61.  dlsd.  Aug.  25.  '63.  disability. 
Henry  C.  Fierce,  e.  Aug.  14,  '61,  disd.  April  18.  '63. 

COMPANY    A. 

Captains. 

John  N.  Cromwell,  com.  Aug.  25,  '61.  pro.  Maj, 
Converse  Soutbaid,  com.  May  9.  '62.  res.  Oct.  29,  '62. 
John  T.  liowen.  com.  Oct.  29,  '62,  term.  ex.  Oct.  11.  '64. 

LieutenantM. 

First,  Converse  Southard,  com.  Aug.  25,  '61,  pro. 

First.  John  T.  Bowen,  com.  June  17,  '62.  pro. 

First.  William  W.  I'oole,  com.  Oct.  29,  '62,  term  ex.  Oct.  U,  '64. 

Second,  John  T.  Bowen,  com.  May  9,  '62,  pro. 

Sergreant. 

First,  Bowen  John  T.  e.  Aug.  16,  '61,  pro.  2d  Lieut. 
Corporals. 

Crook  Jacob  J.  e.  Aug.  16.  '61,  m.)i.  Oct.  11,  '64,  as  private;  re- 
duced at  ills  own  request. 

Parr  James,  e.  Aug.  lb.  '61.  m.o.  Oct.  11,  '64.  as  private;  re- 
duced at  his  own  request. 

Pool  William  W.  e.  Aug.  16.  '61.  pro.  1st  Lieut. 

Logan  Simpson,  e  Sept.  20,  '61,  m.o.  uct.  11,  '64. 

Privates. 

Blair  Alexander,  e.  Aug.  16.  '61,  m.o.  Oct.  11.  '64. 
Burgiand  Frederick,  e.  Aug   16.  *61.  disd.  Oct.  16,  '62.  di^ability. 
Batchor  Neal.  e.  Aug.  16,  '61,  disd  Aug.  4.  '63,  dis  ability. 
CraLik  Charles  R.  e.  Aug.  16.  61,  difd  at  Lagrange,  Tenu.  Nov. 

2K,  '63. 
Cole  Samuel  W.  e.  Aug.  16.  "61,  m.o.  Oct.  11.  '64,  as  corpl 
Dutton  Isaac,  e.  Aug.  i6,  '61,  died  at  Jefferson,  Mo.  Nov.  1,  '61. 
Ewiiig  .lohii  W.  N.  e   Aug.  16,  '61,  claimed  oy  parents  as  minor. 
Green  Kil\v  ird  A.  e.  Aug.  16.  '61.  m.o.  Oct.  11.  '64. 
Green  Jutm  W,  e.  Aug.  16,  '61.  m.o.  Oct.  11.  '64. 
Grume  Charh-.-^  A.  e.  Aug  16.  '61,  disd.  Aug.  3,  '63,  disabilltv. 
Hills  Horace,  e.  Aug.  16.  '61.  m.o,  Aug.  11,  ■b4. 
Hart  James,  e.  Aug  16,  '61,  died  at  Mound  City.  Oct,  22,  '62. 
Hustou  Kobert  E.  e  Aug.  15.  '61,  disu.  Sept.  '63.  disability. 
Keadv  Thomas,  e.  Aug.  16,  '61.  m.o.  Oct.  11.  '64. 
Lowe  Hiram,  e.  Aug.  16.  '61.  m.u,  Ot:t,  11.  '64. 
Logan  li'-orge.  e.  Aug.  16.  '61.  Ui.o,  Oct.  11,  '64. 
Mci'  anaiid  .lohii.  e.  Aug.  16.  '61,  m.o.  Oct,  11.  '64. 
Mrliit<.sli  lohn.  e.  Aug.  16.  '61.  disd.  Aug.  18.  '6'2,  disability. 
Murra)  Daniel,  e.  Aug.  lb.  '61,  dlsd.  Sept.  9.  '63.  disability. 
Odell  Leroy  E.  e.  Aug.  16.  '61.  died  Young'.s  Pt.  La.  .June  28.  '63. 
Patton  William,  e.  Aug.  16.  '61,  kid.  at  Chicot  Lane,  Ark.  June 

6.  '64. 
Phillips  Frances  M.  e.  Aug.  16.  '61.  m.o.  Oct.  11.  '64. 
Pn.etor  Ilenrv  F.  e.  Aug.  16,  '61.  kid.  at  Chicot  Lake.  Ark.  June 

6.  "64. 
Hobinsou  George,  e.  Aug.  16,  '61,  m.o.  Oct.  11,  '64,  as  corpl. 
RiCB  Elisha,  e.  Aug.  16.  '61.  m.o.  Oct.  11.  '64. 
Susdorf  Charles,  e.  Aug.  16.  '61,  m.o.  Oct.  11,  '64. 
Smith  Henry,  e.  Aug.  16.  '61,  disd.  l>ec.  27,  '62,  disability. 
Stevens  Charles,  e.  Aug.  16,  '61,  kid.  at  Vicksburg.  May  22.  '63. 
Tuland  George  W.   e.  Aug.  lb,  '61.  m.o.  Oct.  11,  "64. 
Wasti>n  Wiltz.  e.  Aug.  16.  '61.  m.o.  Oct.  11.  '64. 
Weiidle  Jonn  K.  e.  Aug.  16,  '61,  m.o.  Oit,  U,  "64. 
Wilson  John  G.  e.  Aug.  16,  '61.  m.o.  Oct.  11,  '64. 
Wilson  John  W.  e.  Aug.  lb.  '61,  died  at  St.  Louis.  Oct.  12,  '61. 
Wilkiso:i  Phineas  R.  e.  Aug.  16.  '61,  dlsd.  Feb.  21.  '63.  dlsab. 

Recruitft. 

Bonsbough  Charles  G.  e.  Sept.  18.  '61,  m.o.  Oct.  11,  '64. 
Clifton  David,  e.  Feb.  29,  '64.  trans,  to  co.  c  as  consol. 
Cleary  John.  e.  Nov.  30.  63,  trans,  to  co.  C  as  consol. 
Delllngham  John  D.  e.  Aug.  14,  '62.  trans,  to  co.  C  as  consol. 
Duttoii  William  H.  e.  Aug.  14,  '62.  died  at  Vicksburg,  Aug.  8,'63. 
Harvey  James  T.  e.  Aug.  13.  '62.  trans,  to  co  C  as  consol. 
Harvei  Thomas  Y.  e.  Aug.  13,  '62,  trans,  to  co.  C  as  consul. 

25 


Longshore  .lohn  I),  e,  .Vug.  14,  '62.  tran.s.  toco.  C  as  ronsol. 
Longshore  Aaron,  e.  Aug.  14,  '62,  died  at  Vicksburg.  Nov.  1.  '63. 
Meyer  William,  e.  Aug.  14,  ■62.  hid.  at  Vicksburg.  May  22.  '63. 
Keed  Beniamiii.  e.  Aug.  1:5.  '62,  disd,  March  18.  '63,  disability. 
Wheeler  John  W.  e.  Jan.  4.  '64.  traus.  to  co.  C  as  consol. 
Young  Caivin,  e.  Jau.  4.  '64.  trans,  to  co.  C  as  consol. 
Young  James,  e.  Feb.  26.  "64.  trans,  to  co,  C  as  consol. 
Young  Andrew,  e.  Aug.  14.  '62.  trans,  lo  co.  C.  as  consol. 
Yates  John  M.  e.  Aug.  13.  '62,  trans,  toco.  C  as  consol. 
Yates  William,  e.  Aug.  13  '62.  died  Jackson.  Tenn.  May  5.  '63. 

COMPANY  C. 

Captains. 

John  D.  McClure,  com.  Aug.  25,  '61,  pro.  Maj. 
Geo.  Broad,  com.  Aug.  31,  '62.  term  ex.  Oct.  11.  '64. 

LieutenantH. 

First.  Geo.  Broad,  com.  June  17.  '6?,  pro. 

First.  Sanri  A.  A.  Law.  com.  Aug.  31,  '62,  pro.  Quartermaster. 

First.  Christopher  C.  Gilbert,  com.  Dec.  14,  '63,  term  er.  Oct.  11, 

'64. 
Second.  Geo,  Broad,  com.  Aug.  2*1,  '61.  pro. 
Second,  Sam'l  A.  A.  Law.  com.  June  17.  '62.  pro. 
Second,  Christopher  C.  Gilbert,  com.  Aug.  31,  '62,  pro. 

.Serg^eants, 

First.  Law  Samuel  A.  L.  e.  .\ug.  18.  '61,  pro.  2d  Lieut, 
Howell  Israel,  e,  Aug.  18.  '61,  disd.  May  7.  '62.  disability. 
Camp  Dexrer  M.  e.  Aug.  18.  '61.  m.o.  Oct.  11.  '64. 
Armour  James  W.  e.  Aug.  18,  '61,  desrtd.  March  11,  '63. 

Corporals. 

Swan  Thomas,  e.  Aug.  18,  '61.  m.o.  Oct.  11,  '64. 

Gates  Benj.  J.  e.  .■Vug.  18.  "61,  m.o.  Oct.  11.  "64. 

Gilltert  Christoplier.  e.  Aug.  18.  '61.  pro.  zd  Lieut. 

Slatin  Adlson  F,  e.  Aug.  18.  '61.  desrtd.  Sept.  19.  '62. 

Waii>._r  William,  e.  Aug.  18.  '61.  m.o.  Oct.  11.  '64.  as  private. 

Baifi.iir  .luljii,  e.  Autf.  18.  "61.  m.o.  .Vug.  24.  '64. 

Cady  Lewi-.  M.  e.  -Vug.  18,  '61.  sup.  to  be  capd.  Aug.  11,  '64. 

Wagoner. 

Pratt  Isaac  J.  e.  Aug.  18,  '61.  died  at  Memphis,  sept.  10,  '64. 

Privates. 

Anten  James,  e.  Aug.  18.  '61.  re-e.  as  vet. 

Booth  Henrv  A.  e.  Aug.  18,  '61.  disd.  Nov.  8.  '62,  disability. 

Britlingbani  William  H.  e.  Aug.  18,  '61,  died  at  Jettersou  City . 

Mo.  Dec.  18.  '61, 
Baldwin  Albert  H.  e.  Aug.  18.  '61,  re-e.  as  vet. 
Center  Lemuel  L,  e.  Aug,  18,  "61,  died  at  JetfersonCity.  Mo.  Dec, 

1,  '61. 
Clougli  Cassius  M.  e.  .\ug.  18,  '61,  disd.  Nov.  25.  '62,  disability. 
<:<.iihM  .l.xnii's.  e.  Aug.  18.  '61.  died  at  Keokuk.  la.  Dec.  23,  '62. 
Crawfrrd  .lolm  E.  e    Aug.  18,  "61.  m.o.  Oct,  11,  '64. 
DeGi  ummond  John  J,  e.  Aug.  18,  '61.  disd.  Feb.  12.  *62,  disab. 
Davison  John,  e.  Aug.  18,  '61,  disd.  Dec.  21,  '63,  wounds. 
Farris  John  S.  e.  Aug.  18,  '61.  m.o.  Oct.  11,  '64. 
Gilbert  Charles  W.  e.  Aug.  18.  '62.  m.o.  Oct.  11,  "64. 
Hathawnv  George  H.  e.  Aug.  18.  '61.  died  St.  Louis.  May  2,  '62. 
Himes  Charles  H.  e.  Aug.  18,  '61,  died  Jefferson  City,  Mo.  Feb. 

7.  "62, 
Hartz  JohnH.  e.  Aug.  18,  '61.  disd.  March  20. '63,  disability. 
Harper  Oliver  P.  e.  Ane.  18.  '61.  disd.  March  17.  '6^^,.  disability. 
1  H.  I 


Harper  C 

Hackenburg  William  J 

Keilev  Steplien.  e.  Aug.  18,  '61.  disd.  Dec.  21.  '63.  wounds. 


.  e.  Aug.  18,  '61,  m.o.  Oct.  11.  'b4. 


Lapiiam  Aaron  M,  e.  Aug.  18.  '61,  disd.  July  31,  '63.  disability. 

McCoy  Daniel,  e,  Aug.  18,  '61,  m.o.  Oct.  11,  '64. 

McRill  Tbumas,  e.  Aug,  18.  '61,  died  at  Iveokuk,  la.  Dec,  5.  '63, 

woiinrls. 
Mason  Is;iac  F.  e.  Aug,  18.  '61.  disd.  May  12.  '62,  disability, 
Mendall  Ira  L.  e,  Aug.  18,  '61,  died  at  St.  Louis.  Jan.  23.  '62. 
Orton  Augustus  L,  e.  Aug,  18.  *61.  m.o.  Aug.  22.  "64.  term  ex. 
Patterson  Caster,  e,  Aug.  18.  '61.  disd.  Oct.  20.  "62.  w<iun<ls. 
Polilnian  John  H.  e.  Aug.  18.  '61.  disd.  Dc.  27.  "02.  dis.ibility. 
Randall  Peter,  e,  Aug.  18,  *61,  disd.  March  17.  '63.  disaliility. 
Stewart  Collins  B.  e.  Aug.  18,  '61,  died  at  Coriiitli,  Oct.  3.  '62, 
Vanc-amp  Isaac,  e,  Aug.  18,  '61,  died  at  Jefferson  City,  Mo,  Dec. 

2.  '61. 
Wickersbam  Hiram  O.  e.  Aug.  18,  '61,  desrtd.  Jau.  28.  '64. 
Wheeler  Joseph,  e.  Aug.  18,  'bl,  m.o.  Oct.  11,  "64. 

Veterans. 

Baldwin  .\Ibert  H.  e.  Feb.  22.  '64.  corpl.  trans,  to  co.  B  as  consol. 
.Vnten  James  B.  e.  Feb.  22,  "64.  traus.  to  co.  B  as  consol. 

Recruits. 

Blanchard  Ira  W.  e.  Sept.  20.  '61.  died  at  Siikstown,  Mo.  March 

23.  '62. 
Burdett  Robert  J.  e.  Aug.  4.  '62.  trans,  to  co.  B  as  consol, 
Cavanangli  James,  e.  Dec.  8.  '63.  trans,  to  co,  B  as  consol. 
F'Td  Swell  G.  e.  Aug.  20.  '62.  trans,  to  co.  B  as  consol. 
Frei-man  fluirles  H.  e.  Sepl.  14.  'bl.  disd.  May  19.  '62.  disability. 
Hii\  es  Morris,  e,  Aug.  25,  '62,  trans,  to  (;o.  H  as  consol, 
Joliuson  Augustus,  e.  Aug,  25,  '61,  died  at  Boonville.  Mo,  March 

Kellogg^'i'lielander  e.  Sept.  20,  '61,  dlsd,  July  6,  '62.  disability. 
Murray  Daniel,  e.  Sept.  6.  '61.  trans,  to  Miss,  marine  brigade. 
Swlmm  Peter,  e.  Sept.  6,  '61.  m.o.  Oct.  11.  '64. 


S78 


PKOHIA    lOrX-n-    WAT?    HKCORp 


COMPANY    D. 
I'rlvnteft. 

Borer  vrtomun.  f.  Aus.  Ifi. '01.  r.--e.  a«  TcL 

Dlckerwii  Joiiiithan.  e.  \uk.  16.  61.  sick  111  Holly  Slirliigs  •lii« 

Dec,  '62. 
Ori-Fii  Jos^iih  1>.  ».  AUB.  16.  "61.  re-e.  mtm. 
Merrill  JaiufsU.e.  Aug.  16.  '61.  lii.o.  Oct.  U.  64. 

Vet«ranN. 
Green  Juwpb  U.  e.  Feb.  19.  •«4.  corpl.  kid.  il  L»ke  Chicot.  June 

Boycr  Artemus.  e.  Feb.  19.  '84.  traus.  to  co.  A  u  consol. 

Recraita. 

Murray  James,  c.  trans,  to  InvallJ  Corps  In  '68. 
SiuUli  Jolin.  c.  Jan.  18.  '61.  trans,  loco.  .\  as  consol. 

CO.MI'ANV    K. 

Cuptiiin. 

.Samuel  K.  llakvr,  .om.  Aug.  25.  61.  pro.  lo  Lieut.  Col. 

CO.MPANY   F. 
Cnptaina. 
Lyinan  W.  Clark,  com.  Aui;.  S5.  61.  res.  Dec.  27.  •81. 
Theodore  M.  Lowe.  com.  Kec.  28.  61.  res.  April  12.  'BS. 
G°o!w.  Carter,  com.  April  12.  BS.  res.  Aug.  21.  '6^. 

Ltleutenaiita. 
Klrst,  Theodore  M.  Lowe.  com.  Aug.  21.  '61,  pro. 
Second.  Ueorgu  H.  Carter,  com.  Oct.  22.   b2,  pro. 

S«rKeaiitii. 
Klrsl  Carter  Ge<prge  U.  e.  .\nB.  18.  '61.  pro.  2J  Lieut. 
Oonc^e?"villlain  e.  e.  Aug.  2I  til.  dl^.l.  I).;.  .8  '62.  disability. 
l-tirrau  Patrick   e.  Aug.  21.  '61.  ni.o.  Aug.  11,  '64.  as  private. 

Corp«rul«. 

Swartwood  Henry,  p.  Aug,  Jl.'Sl.  ni.o.  Oil   11. '64.  as  sergt. 

vojiiitii  luliti  e    AUK. '21. '61.  ni.o.  Oct.  11.   64. 

Swarlwood  Jaines.  e*  .ris'.  2i.  '61.  di.d.  Uec.  17.  '61.  disability. 

Muiileiann. 
JnveeJuhn  e.  Aug.  ai,  •61,dlsd.  Nov.  21.  '62.  disability, 
ffier  Kdiard.  e.  Aug.  21.  '61.  disd.  April  9.  '62.  disability. 

Privatcii. 

Iliilnw  Patrick  K.  c.  Aug.  21.  '81,  dIsd.  Aug.  19,  'BS.  disability. 

nr'"  .MclVola.«,  e.  Aug  21.  '61.  kid.  at  Corlntd.  Oct.  3,  '62. 
liair  Invld  e   Aug.  21.  '61.  re-e.  as  vet. 

Jia  1.  '".lii'i.  e.  Aug.  21.  61.  died  Jetlersou  City.  Mo,  March  2,'62. 
l"S5nliiirh»in.anK*.  e.  Aug.  21.  '61.  m.o.  (let.  11.  '04. 
Cun  Ick  .lo"\  111    .•    Autf.  21.   61.  died  .SI.  I.onl,s.  M*r.li  2,  '62. 
Com-  V  Vraiicl-  ■ .  AUK.  21.  '61.  kid.  at  torl.itli.  on.  3.  '62. 
triirau  Joseph.  .-.  Aug  21   -61.  mo  oci    IJ    64.  as  sergt. 

Cam-vY^-f'lnX-e   aIiIc  2''.  "VdV;;! 'oec'   T.^'Jl.  disability. 
V.e mV.e>  f  r"';-.;.  ..  .l^ul  -il    '..1    kid.  at  Corinth,  .h-l.  a.  '62. 

nel>  I-alrl.k.  c.  Aug.  21.  'bl.  ni.".  0;t.  11.  04. 

ii.iifun  lidiii  e   Aug.  21.   61.  ni.o.  Oft.  11,   64. 

D^n^egan  James.  .^  Aug  21    '61.  >r^"'', '"V  (j"/!".  Sept.  6.   63. 

Kwliur  Ni.ah  M.  e.  Aug.  21.   61.  m.o.  Oct.  1 1.  64. 

l-^n    ?v   la     eV  e    Aug   21.   61.  tr.llis,  IllV,  Corps,  Sci.t.  8.  '63. 

OBlvin  I'-alrhk'.e.  Aug.  21. '61.  Iralis.  to  Miss,  marine  brigade. 

llomhJ'i,''l>VinM?e,  Aug.  21.  '61.  m.o.  Oct.  11,  '64.  as  seixt. 
awkln;  W  ll'la.n.  e.  Aug.  21. '61.  m.o.  Oct.  11,  '64.  a.  cor... 
liulTmau.  harks,  e.  Aug.  21..'«1.  trans,  Inv  loip,,  Dec.  lb.  bH. 

Il-ititiititti  liru    .H    V    AUK-*1>    Hi.  •"I'-t".  lift   \fl. 

K?  le     WlUUin  e.  Aug"  21.' '61.  kl.l.  a.  yick»b„rg.  May  2'2.  '63, 

Ki-),-   li.liti    e     \llg   21.  "61,  m.o- l>i"t.   11.    64. 

LeVsen        g-'jobn.  e.  Aug  21.  '61.  kid.  al  Corinth.  Oct.  3.  '84. 

MclTuglllVn  reler  J.  e.  Aug.  21.  m,  rce.  as.  vet. 

li.i»?lah  Kl  is  e.  Aug.  21.  'iil.  dl.d  Voung'H  pt.  La.  Jul)  1    '63. 

>Cr Ick  .'     I/O  W.  e    Aug.  21.   61.  dwl.  .rut}  111.  '62.  disal.. 

MaHv  Mlclia.l   e    Vug.  21. '61.  111. o.  Ocl.  11. '64. 

MJlloriliott  Jamc.,.  c'^.Vnii.  21.  '61.  died  Jetlerson  City,  Mo.  Nov. 

\I.rir?v'  ler lab   1:  Aug.  21.  '61,  desrtd.  Oil.  8.  '81. 

>  im.l.)  Wlll.a   I   e    Aug.  21.  '61.  Jlcd  Memphis.  April  10.  '«). 
M.|V.  rni."    J.".",  e.  .vug.  21. '-11.  dl.d    l.cc  31.  '62.  dlsab. 
Morelou  ll.uri    e.  Aug.  21,   61.  in.o.  Ocl.  1 1.   64. 

>  Jg        K'l«ai.l.  '■■  Aug.  21.  '61.  m.o.  ocl.  11.   114. 
M.lr.nr.- Jaiiio  c    Vug   21.   61.  »lck  al  M.  Ij.uls. 

Nillll,*,  Henry   .'    <mk   21.   61. «t  M.u.,.lil..  May  10.  '82. 

Perry  Petei.  c.  Aug.  '21.  '61.. I""  "*'•,,'.','  ',"*,.., J 

Porter  VVllllalu.  e.  Auu   '21.    61.  ui.ir  O.  I    11     84. 

P..WCI1  J.ihli.  e    vug.  21.  '61.  m.o  (let.  11.  64. 

Kyan  .l..bn.  e.  Aug.  21.  '61.  mo.  Oct.  11.  64. 

Iti-Hii  I'lttrick    e    Aug.  21.    61.  re-e.  as  vet. 

Reihe'  3!,..|.l,.  e.  AHg  'ii.  '61,  kid.  Lake  ihlcol.  Ark.  June  8.  '84. 

5r.rrr.1.aH'"7' A7lg^ 'il.  •6N.dl;rNo"Vu': '62.  dl..b. 
^hii  ..«.•«:■   Aug.5i:'61,  died  "t  Memphis   Julie  IS.  •»4. 
«uyder  M.bola..  e.  Aug.  il.  'dl.  dc.rld    M»rr  .  11.  '84. 
»liiUb  John.  e.  Aug.  21.  '61.  ilcsrld.  Jul)  1  1.   62. 
Treinpe  l.a*.  '    Aug.  21.  '61    sick  at  St.  l.ou;» 
Vk'llll,  lack.. II. e.  Aug.  21.   '•  I.  mo.  Oct.   1 1.  84. 
Walker  Augu.lu.,  e.  Aug.  21,  81.  m.o.  ocl.  11,   64. 


Beare  IlavM.  e.  Keli.  JJ 
Hampton  <te«^rge  s.  •■    ' 
McLoughllri  Peter  J    • 
Kyan  Patrick,  e.  Kei. 
Swarlward  William.  < . 


tr.i'i..  to  CO.  B  aa  coiiaol. 

.   trans,  to  co.  B  as  consol. 

1.  nans,  to  CO.  It  as  coDSol. 

.   t..  CO.  B  as  consol. 
-J.   04.  IrHiis.  to  CO.  H  as  cunsJd. 

COMPANY    tJ. 


Wai;oD«r. 

Sturraan  William  U  e.  Aug.  16.  '61.  dIsd.  Dec.  9.  '62.  dlaab. 
PriTale*. 

Alfolder  .Samuel,  e.  Aug  16.  '61.  m.o.  Oct.  11.  '64. 

Blxlrr  Samuel,  e.  .Vug.  16.  '61.  re-e.  as  vet. 

Bower  .Martin,  e.  Aug   16.  '61.  m.o.  Oct.  11.    64. 

Baley  Daniel,  e.  Aug.  16.  '61.  dli-d  Oil.  2H.  '62.  wounds. 

Miller  Uobert  K.  e.  .Vug.  16.  '61.  de.rl.l.  Dec.  '61. 

Maurice  Adam,  e.  Aug.  16.  '61.  dli-<l  Lagrange.  Tenn.  Dec.  4.  63. 

Pntmau  .lud...ii.  e.  Aug.  16.  '61.  ds.l.  »i-utence  court  martial. 

Kee.l  in. .ma.  K.  e.  Aug.  16.   61.  mo.  o.  I  11.  '64. 

Seely  William,  e.  Aug.  16.  '61.  re-. .  :i.  vel. 

Wilson  Bennett,  e.  Aug.  16   '61.  m...  oci.  11,  '64. 

R«c  raits. 

Byrne  Edward,  e.  Aug.  13.  '62.  trans,  to  co.  B  as  rousol. 
Strum  T.  Jeirers.in.  e.  Aug.  27.  '61.  m...  Oct.  II.  '84. 
Slolie  Stephen,  e.  .Sept,  19,  '61,  m.o.  Oct.  1 1,  '64. 

COMI'A.NY    II. 

S«r>ceants. 

Rogers  KM  B.  e.  Sept.  1.  '61.  dlsd.  iK-t.  24.  '62.  disab. 
U.irdon  William,  e.  Sept    1.  '61.  dlsd.  Oct     10,  '63.  dIsab. 
Williams  Charles,  e.  -  died  at  KIdgway  Station.  July  24.  63. 

Corporals. 
Adkliison  Levi  R.  e.  Sept.  1.  '61,  died  ItleuiL  MIsa.  July  10,'««. 
tJortloii  Samuel,  e.  .Sept.  1,  '61,  111.0.  Oct.  11.  "64. 

Waffoner. 

McOowen  Mahlon.  o.  SepL  1.  '81.  dlsd.  Sept.  29.  '62.  dlsab. 

Prlratea. 
Bailey  John.  e.  Sept.  1.  '61.  re-e.  as  vet. 
Bailey  Richard,  e.  Sept.  1. '61.  abs.  without  leave  since  March 

29  '64. 
I>l.kls..ii  Joliii.  e.  Sept.  1.  '61.  m.o.  Oct.  11.  '64.  ascorjd. 
Drnniin..nd  J.ilin  P.  e.  .Sept.  1.  '61.  dlsd.  .March  11.  '63.  dlsab. 
Dunibelle  William  H.  e.  .Sept.  1.   61    m.o.  Ocl.  11.  ■64.ascurpL 
Drum  Patrick,  c.  Sept.  1.   61.  m.o.  Ocl.  11.  '64. 
l-'.lsoii  John.  e.  Sejil.  1.  '61,  sick  at  Mound  City  at  m.o.  of  regt. 
Klemming  Sllchael,  e.  Sepl.  1.  "61.  m.o.  Oct.  11.  '64. 
Ken.  lis  William,  e  .Sent.  I,  '61.  diol  June  a  '64.  wounds, 
llailaii  John,  •■.  .Sepl.  1,  '61,  .IImI.  Junes.  '64.  a,,  sergt.  dlsab. 
Harlan  .luseph,  e.  Sept.  1.  '61,  m.o.  tvt.  11.  '64. 
Hall  lie.iri:i  .  I-.  S.'i.t.  1.  '61.  111.0.  Oct.  11.  '64. 
Hi.leiiia.i  Samuel  K.  P.  e.  .sept.  I,  '61,  ulsd.  Nov.  31,  '«S,  dlaab, 
lleudrlckJiH'I.e.  Sept.  1. '61.  trans,  loco.  O.  ..... 

John. on  Nathan,  e.  Sepl.  1.  '61.  did  Jacks.. li.  Teun.  June  8.   63. 

Klngdun  J.ibn.  e.  S -pi.  1.  '61.  re-e.  a.  vet. 

Klligdim  James   e   Sept.  1. '61.  re   e.  as  vel. 

Ki-.iugh  Thoiuns.  e.  Sept.  1.  '61.  in.o  ocl.  11    '84. 

Mo..re  llollll  J.  e.  Sepl.  1.    61.  de.rld.  April  20.  '62. 

Men.lall  David,  c.  Sepl.  1.  '61.  dl.d.  Feb.  7.  '63.  wounds. 

.M.imtt  Aar.'ii  C.  e.  Sej.l.  1.  '61.  re-e.  as  vet. 

O'Connor  James,  e.  Sept.  1.  '61.  m.o.  Ocl  11.   64 

Phalaii  Michael,  e.  .Sept.  1. '61.  in.o.  Oct.  U'64. 

Sullierlnn.l  Jac.h.  e.  Sept.  1.  '61,  nd.  and  missing  near  Farming, 

Miss   ylay  9  '62 
Snil'lh'john.  e.  .Si'pt.  1.  '81.  dieil  at  Black  River.  Mlaa.  KoT.t. '6*. 
Staples  Silas,  e.  Sept.  1.  '61.  m...  Oct.  11,  '64,  as  corpl. 

Veteraua. 

Bailey  J..hn.  e.  P.  I..  22.  '64.  trans,  toco.  Dasconfcd. 
KIngilom  John.  e.  Pel..  22.  "6 1,  trans,  to  co.  D  as  consul. 
Kingdom  James,  e.  Feb.  22.  '64.  nans,  to  co.  I>  a»  consol. 
Modll  Aar..n  C.  0.  Keli.  22,  '64.  trans,  lo  co.  D  as  cunsol. 

K«*crult*. 

Ilrown  llorge,  e.  Aug.  14.  '112.  trans  to  co.  D  as  col.sol. 
DImou  Jacob,  e.  Sepl.  14.  '62.  illsd.  .March  S.  '84,  dlsab. 

Hill  Ullberl.  e    lu  ...  N..V.  1.  '64. 

Htttl.-\  Daniel,  e.  Aug.  9.  '1.2.  Iran.,  to  c*i.  D  as  consol. 
Harlan'  Jam.-.  P.  e.  Aug  2.   62.  dl-.l.  Aug.  10.  '63,  dlsab. 
Martin  David  A.  e.  vug  9.   62,  Iran.    loco.  D  aa  consol, 

(  <IMr.\.N'V    I. 

\Vii;;iiuer. 
Bell  William  D.  e.  Sept.  4.  '61.  kid.  al  Jeltrrson  City,  Mo.  Nor,  « 
*61.  run  over  by  a  wagon. 

Private**. 

Ilehvmer  Henry  M.  e.  Sent.  4,  '81.  m.o.  Ocl.  11,  '84. 

Col  Joseph,  o.  Sept.  4.  '61.  dlsd.  Nov.  17. '61.  diaab. 

Dreilgo  J..hn  C.  e.  .Sept.  4.  '6  I.  In...    Oct.  1 1,  '84. 

Ker.hax  .l..liii,e.  Sept.  4.  '61.  Ill  o.  Oct    11.  '84.  .,.,.. 

Miller  li.oige  Si   e.  Sept.  4.'61,dled  Young's  PI.  La,  July  S. '83. 

.Macon  John.  e.  Sept.  4.  '81,  dlsd,  Dec.  4.  '63,  dIaab. 

Nelson  Thomas  e   SepL  4, '81.  re-e.  as  vet. 

Nicholas  John  S.  r,  .Sept.  4.  '81.  died  al  Peoria  May  6.  '64. 


PEORIA  COUNTY   WAU   RECORD. 


379 


Prifhnrd  Thomas,  e.  Sept.  4.  '61,  in.o.  Ort.  11,  •ti4. 
Rowley  Martin  E.  e.  Sept.  4.  '61,  <iisd,  M:iy  :jO.  'ti^i.  ilisab. 
Upshaw  George  \V.  Jr.  e.  Sei)t.  4,  '61,  m.o.  Oct.  11.  '64.  rorpl. 

Veteran. 

Nelson  Tlioinas,  e.  Dec.  28,  '63.  trans,  to  co.  U  as  cousol. 
Recraits. 

Allison  James,  e.  Dec.  28.  '63.  trans,  to  co.  O  as  consol. 

Fralt  Eilmun  M.  e. m.o.  Oct.  11.  '64. 

Pr;itt  NiHhan  W.  e. died  al  Keokuk,  la..  Feb.  20.  '63. 

Rogers  Ricliard,  e. ra.o.  Oct.  11.  '64. 

Ryan  Uoli't  K.  e. m.o.  Oct.  11,  '64. 

COMPANY  K. 

Privates. 

Arratrout  J.  B.  e.  Sept.  6.  '61.  ni.o.  net.  11,  '64,  as  wagoner. 
Buckley  Johnson,  e.  Sept.  IS,  '61,  m.o.  Oct.  11,  '64,  as  corporal. 
BourIisIow  Chas.  *i.  e.  Sept.  6,  '61.  trans,  to  co.  A. 
Carter  Charles  W.  e.  Sept.  8. '61.  died  at  Rieuzi.  Miss.  Aug,  4.  '62. 
Jacobs  Henry,  e.  Sept.  25.  '61.  died  at  St.  Louis  March  28.  '62. 
Hutchinson  Franklin,  e.  Sept.  6,  '61.  desrtd.  May  19.  '63. 
Logan  Simpson,  e.  Sei>t.  18.  '61.  trans,  to  co.  A  Nov.  4.  '61. 
McGregor  Ht-nry  H.  e.  Sept.  6,  '61.  kid.  at  Corinth  Oct.  3.  '62. 
Tobey  Edward  E.  e.  Sept.  8.  '61.  pro.  to  qm.  sergt. 
Williams  George  e.  Sept.  19,  '61,  m.o.  Oct.  11,  '64. 


47th  Infantry     (Consolidated}. 

COMPANY   A. 

Private. 

Davison  James,  e.  Jan.  3,  '62,  dislt.  term  ex. 

KecruitH. 

Davison  James,  e.  March  7.  '65,  ra.o.  .Ian.  21,  '66. 
Sweet  Alfred,  e.  March  16,  '65.  dropped  from  rolls. 

Recruit  Transferred  from  108th  Intautry. 

Greenville  George,  e,  Fel>.  24,  *65,  m.o.  Jan.  21.  '66. 

COMPANY   B. 

Privates. 

Green  Gilbert  L.  e.  Nov.  16.  '64.  lu.o.  Xov.  15.  '65,  term  ex. 
Petty  John  W.  e.  Nov.  16.  '64,  m.o.  Niiv.  15.  '65.  term  ex. 
Wlar  John.  e.  Nov.  29.  '64.  m.o.  Nov.  29,  '65.  term  ex. 

Recruit. 

Grove  Ruben  M.  e.  March  8,  '65.  m.o.  Jan.  21,  '66. 

COMPANY  C. 

Recruit. 

Green  Heiidrick,  e.  Jan.  23.  '65,  m.o.  Jan.  21.  '66. 

Recruits  Trannferred  from  108th  Infautry. 

Alldricli  George  c.  e.  March  6.  '65.  m.o.  Jan.  31,  '66. 
Bailev  Heiirv  C.  e.  March  6.  '65.  m.o.  Jan.  21.  '66. 
Budley  .John.  e.  March  6.  "65.  m.o.  Jan.  21,  '66. 
Guyer  George  C.  e.  Maich  6,  '65,  m.o.  .Jan.  21,  "66. 
Fox  Reads,  e.  March  6   '65,  m.o.  Jan.  21.  '66. 
Hibl)s  Kben  L.  e.  March  6.  '65,  m.o.  Jan.  21.  '66. 
King  Joseph,  e.  March  6,  '65,  ra.o.  Jan.  21.  '66.  as  corpl. 
Prl<jr  Richard,  e.  March  6,  '65,  ra.o.  Jan.  21,  '66. 

COMPANY  D. 

Private. 

Burbank  Israel,  e.  Sept.  13.  '64,  m.o.  July  20.  '65. 

Recruit  Transferred  from  108th  Infantry. 

Trotman  Frank  L.  e.  Jan. 23,  '64,  m.o.  Jan.  21,  '66. 

COMPANY  E. 

Captain. 

Thomas  Lyncli»com.  March  9.  '65.  m.o.  Jan.  21.  '66. 
Lieutenants. 

First.  Dennis  Breuoan,  com.  March  9,  '65,  m.o.  Jan.  21,  '66. 
Second,  William  Morrisy,  com.  March  9,  *65,  m.o.  Jan.  21,  66. 

Privates. 

Avery  Frank,  e.  Fel).  24,  '65,  desrtd.  March  17.  '65. 
Burningham  John.  e.  Feb.  24,  '65.  desrtd.  March  17.  '65. 
Casey  Mlcliael.  e.  Feb.  27.  '65.  desrtd.  Mardi  17.  '65. 
Callahan  John.  e.  Feb.  25.  '65.  desrtd.  March  11.  '65- 
Dunni\aii  Jolin,  e.  Feb.  20.  '65,  desrtd.  March  6.  '65. 
Kelley  Patrick,  e.  Feb.  23.  '65,  died  at  Feoria  Dec.  3,  '65. 
Keefe  James,  e.  Feb.  24,  '65.  m.o.  Jan.  21.  '66. 
Long  Martin,  e.  March  1,  '65.  ra.o.  Jan.  21,  '66. 
McCarthy  James,  e.  Feb.  27.  '65,  desrtd.  March  17.  '65. 
McCorraick  Edward,  e.  Feb.  25.  '65.  desrtd.  March  7.  '65. 
McMauus  Michael,  e.  Feb.  24,  '65,  m.o.  Jan.  21.  '66. 


.McGowa'i  Thomas,  e.  Kel'.  24.  '65  m.o,  Jan.  21,  '66. 
O'Leary  Thomas,  e.  Feb.  25,  '65,  desrld.  March  11.  '65. 
Powers  Jn.'^cpli.  e.  Fel>.  24.  '65.  m.o.  Jan.  21.  *66. 
£;(.!. .ris  DaTuel,  e.  March  1.  '65.  desrtd.  March  17.  '65. 
Shriinniiv  Tliomas.  e.  Feb.  24.  '65.  m.o.  Jan.  21.  '66. 
Williams  John.  e.  Feb.  25,  '65,  desrtd.  March  17,  '65. 
Zondergan  Wm.  e.  March  1.  '65,  m.o.  Jan.  21,  '66. 

COMPANY  I. 

Piivates. 

Couse  Ironle,  e.  March  9,  '65,  ra.o.  Jan.  21.  '66. 
Divell)liss  John.  e.  March  7,  '65,  m.o.  Jan.  21,  '66. 
Hutton  Solraon,  e.  March  7.  '65,  m.o.  Jan.  21,  '66- 

Recruit. 

Brockett  J.  B.  e.  March  22.  '65,  m.o.  Jan.  21.  '66. 

COMPANY  K. 

Captain. 

John  J.  Rose,  com.  March  23,  '65.  m.o.  Jan.  21.  '66. 
Lieutenants. 

First,  Andrew  P.  Gibson,  com.  March  21.  '65.  ni.o.  Jan.  21,  '66- 
Second,  John  Merrill,  com.  March  23.  '65,  died  of  small  pox  at 

Cahawba,  Ala.  Nov.  25.  '65. 
Second,  Henry  Hill.  com.  Dec.   19, '65,  not  mustered,  ra.o.  aa 

sergt.  Jan.  21.  '66. 

SerEcants. 
Johnson  James  G.  e.  March  5.  '65.  m.o.  Jan.  21,  '66. 
Hoag  Albert  S.  e.  March  14,  '65,  m.o.  Jan.  21,  '66. 

Corporals. 

Eaton  Robert,  e.  March  3,  '65.  m.o.  Jan.  21,  '66.  sergt. 
Gilbert  .lames  A.  e.  March  3.  "65.  m.o.  Jan.  21,  '66. 
Hartz  Ethan  A.  e.  March  3,  '65,  m.o.  Jan.  21.  '66. 
Hebberd  Mortimer  D.  e.  March  7.  '65.  m.o.  Jan.  3.  '66. 

Musicians. 

Bartholomew  Edwin,  e.  March  7,  '65,  m.u.  ai  Moltile,  .A.la. 
Richardson  Edward  D.  e.  March  7.  '65,  m.o.  Jan.  25.  '66. 

Privates. 

Blind  Charles,  e.  March  6,  '65,  desrtd.  March  25,  '65. 

Cole  John.  e.  March  3.  '65.  m.o.  Jan.  21.  "66. 

Claypole  James  J.  e.  March  3.  '6.5,  ra.o.  Jan.  21,  '66. 

Crane  G»H)rf:c,  e.  March  4.  '65.  desrtd.  March  23,  '65. 

Calauav  .reift-rsuti.  h.  March  7,  '65.  m.o.  Jan.  21.  '66. 

Atcij  ll.-iii  V,  r,  >I:ir.li  :i,  '65.  m.o.  Jan.  21.  '66. 

Elliott  .John.  p.  March  7.  '65.  died  Cahabo.  Ala.  July  21,  '65. 

Green  John  H.  e.  Man-h  7.  '65.  m.o.  Jan.  21,  '66. 

Heath  or  Hiatt  Nicholas,  e.  March  7,  '65,  m.o.  Jan.  21.  '66. 

Johnson  Philander,  e.  March  7.  '65,  ra.o.  Jan.  21.  '66. 

Kern  Frederick,  e.  Jfarch  14,  '65.  m.o.  Jan.  21,  '66. 

Knox  James  E.  e.  Marcli  3. '65.  m.o.  Jan.  21,  '66. 

Lans'.ha  George,  e.  March  14,  '65,  m.o.  Jan.  21,  '66. 

Moats  Tobias,  e.  March  7,  '65,  m.ti.  Jan.  21,  '66- 

McCuv  William,  e.  March  7,  '65.  m.o.  Jan.  21.  '66. 

Nicksoii  Wm.  H.  e.  March  14. '65,  m.o.  Jan.  21.  '66. 

Pratt  Stephen,  e.  March  7.  '65.  m.o.  Jan.  21,  '66. 

Short  William,  e.  March  6,  '65,  m.o.  Jan.  21,  '66,  absent  without 

leave. 
Sanger  Lewis,  e.  Marcli  3.  '65.  m.n.  Jan.  21.  '66. 
.Smith  John,  e.  March  6,  '65,  desrtd.  March  25.  '65. 
Todd  Robert  M.  e.  March  7.  '65.  m.o.  Jan.  21,  '66. 
Waiters  John,  e.  ilarch  4.  *65,  desrtd.  March  25,  '65. 
Willett  Austin,  e.  March  4.  '65,  dieil  Demopolis.  Ala.  July  26,  '65 

Recruits. 

Brown  Russell,  e.  March  8.  '65.  m.o.  Jan.  21.  '66. 

Bachelder  Leonadus.  e.  March  10,  '65,  m.o.  Jan.  21,  '66,  as  corpl. 

McGinnis  Kenweth.  e.  Marcli  21.  '65.  m.o.  Jan.  21.  '66. 

Morrow  Erastus,  e.  March  14.  "65.  m.o.  Jan.  21.  '66. 

McMullen  Samuel   e.  March  20.  '65,  m.o.  Jan.  31.  '66. 

Moore  Arora  C.  e.  March  20.  '65.  m.o.  Jan.  21.  '66. 

.Smith  Jeremiah,  e.  March  10.  '65,  m.o.  Jan.  21,  '66. 

Recruits  Transferred  from  95th  lUinoiN  Infantry. 

Albats  John.  e.  March  8.  '65. 
Adams  George,  e.  March  13.  '65. 
Bruen  James,  e.  March  10, '65. 
Bon  Seth.  e.  March  31,  '65. 
Clark  William  E.  e.  March  21.  '65. 
Campbell  James,  e.  March  7.  '65. 
Davis  Alfred,  e.  March  8.  "65. 
Hastings  William,  e.  Nov.  29.  '64. 
Hennesey  John.  e.  March  31,  '65. 
Murray  John.  e.  March  10,  '65. 
McMahan  Michael,  e.  April  3.  '65. 
Murphy  John,  e.  April  3.  '65. 
Meyers  Charles,  e.  April  3.  '65. 
McGuires  Peter,  e.  April  7.  '65. 
Maloney  John,  e,  March  31.  '65. 
Price  Robert,  e.  April  3,  '65- 
Reed  John,  e.  March  8.  '65. 
Wilson  David,  e.  March  8,  '65. 
Warner  John,  e,  March  31,  '85. 
Williamson  J.  e.  March  31.  *65. 


380 


PKORIA   COUNTY   WAR   REfOItO 


4Htli   Iiilautry. 

COMTANV    A. 
Ilrarird  alul  Sub«tilute  KecrulU. 
Crowdtr  Rl.-hanl.  c.  S.-i>t.  27.  "ii.  iii."    M»y  SI.  '65.  never  rep. 
MOirall  AlitJioriv.  i'.  Nuv    17.  'iH.  iii.o   .\UK.  15.  '65. 


4!>(li   liifaiitry. 
(.(oir.v.w   H. 

Kecralt. 

DeU  Wesley  A.  e.  April  S.  '65.  ni.o.  Sept,  9.  'M. 

COMPANY  G. 
Kecrultn. 

Bemliall  Asa  W.  p.  Marrli  22.  '65.  mo.  .Seiil   9.  "BS. 
Keltev  Ii:uk«-.  !■.  Marcli  20.  "65.  m.o.  Sept.  9.  '65. 
Neal  (j>r.irKe  W.  e.  March  20.'6.^  m.o.  Sept.  9.  '65. 
Oclesbv  Reuben,  e.  March  17.  '65.  m.o.  Sept.  9.  '65. 
Wehlj  Klcharil.  e.  March  22,  'es.  dleil  at  Pailucari,  Ky.  April  24. 
•65. 


50tli  Iiifaiitr.v. 

COMPANY   F. 

While  John  W.  c.  auk.  IS.  '61.  m.o.  .Sept.  27.  '64. 

Drafted  and  SuliHtltntr  Kecrull. 
Helghlon  Hugh.  e.  U«c.  1.  '64.  m.u.  July  13. '65. 

COMPANY   K. 

Urafted  and  Sub>titut«  Kecrolt*. 

EIrlermau  John  H.  e.  l>.o.  1.  'Ul.  ni.<..  July  13.  '65. 
Kurguson  Jamen.  r.  Ucc.  I.  '64.  mo.  .lulv  13.  '65.  absent. 
Pluminer  John  F.  e.  Uic.  l.'US.  ui.o.  July  13.  '65. 

VntiMiiifned  Kecrult. 

Ilager.lohn.  e    Dec.  1.  '64.  mo.  July  22,  '65. 


51st  Inl'aiitry. 
to.ur.vNV  x. 

Serseaut. 
Parker  .lohn  K,  e.  Oct.  1.  61.  trans,  to  SlKnal  Corpn  Jan.  27,  '64. 

Private. 
Kox  William,  e.  Oct.  24.  '61.  rc-e.  as  a  vet. 

Veteran. 
Koi  William,  e.  Dec.  24. '63.  m.o.  Sept.  25, '65.  in  sergt. 

llecrailH. 
Oreeu  Thoinaa,  e.  Sov,23. '61.  ili-.rtil.  Dec.  I. '61. 
Welch  Jamen.  e.  Nov.  1,  '61.  <le.'irta.  Nov.  3,  '61. 

COMPANY   F. 

Prlvaten. 

Hrowu  Oeorite.  e.  July  15.  '6'2.  m.o.  July  16,  '65. 

Ilrnwn  Shnclracn,  c  July  15.  '62.  khl.  at  .Mission  Ridge  Nov.  26, 

63. 
Keel..  Leonard,  e.  July  15.  '62.  dicil  at  .Naihvllle.  Tenn.  Oit.  87. 

power  Koht.  e.  Julv  lis.  '62.  <ll>'<l  at  Nashville,  Teun.  .May  4,  '65. 
SHI  John,  e.  July  IS,  '62.  m.o.  June  16.  '65,  absent,  sick. 

CO.MI'ANY    K. 

Kayinouil  KuRcne  K.  e.  Dec.  13. '61.  died  Danville,    Va.  Jan   21. 
'64,  prisoner. 

liStX  Iiifuiitr.v. 

Non  C'fiiiiinlHaliitied   Sluir. 
Hiram  A.  Hunter,  com.  Nov.  27.  '61.  pro.  to  g.M. 

Muaiolana. 
H'Mlerlck  V  HtockluR,  e.  Uct.  12.  '61. 
Miller  William  H 

<:i)Mr.\M    A. 

Uraricil  and  SuIikI  lliile   Kvcriilla. 
Rnow  John.  e.  I  n-c  A.  't>4,  i  suli.  tnever  retuirtetl  to  en, 
Hmlth  Mi-nr>.  c.  l*rv.  6.  '64.  («ub.  j  never  reported  toco. 
Hhean  Janict,  e.  Dec.  6.  '64.  (sub.  i  never  relMirted  to  eo. 


COMP.\NY  C. 
Drafted  and  Substllate  KeernlU. 

Hardlnx  \rnet  T  e.  Oct.  20.  '64.  i»ub  i  m.o  July  22,  "eS. 

K,.".  ."■- iiec.  27. '64.   -ui..  never  reiH.rte<l  toco. 

I  I.e.  Nov.  .7.  64.  lu.u.  July  22.  "65. 

1  r  Kobert,e.  Nov.  17.  "64.  lu  o.  JulySS.  65. 

,;.  ,s.  e.  Dec.  6.  '64.  •  >ub.  ■  never  Jollied  co. 

Tbumii  David,  e.  Dec.  7. '64,  (sub.  I  m.o.  July  9«,  65. 

CO.MPANY   D. 
Drafted  and  Subatilnte  Kecrnlts. 

Folley  Adam,  e.  Dec.  7.  '64.  '  sub.  i  never  Joined  co. 
LlndMv  William,  e.  Dec.  5.  '64.  (sub.)  ni.o.  July  2.  «. 
Tuthlll  Samuel,  e.  Dec.  7,  "64,  (sub.  i  reported  a  deserter. 

COMPANY  E. 
KecrulU. 

Uoiwell  Robert,  e.  March  12.  '62.  m.o  March  26.  'SS. 
Boxwell  John.  e.  March  11.  '62.  m.o.  March  26.   65. 
Largeut  John.  e.  March  12.  '62,  m.o.  March  26. '65. 

Drafts  and  Substitute  Kecrulta. 
Bruce  Saml.  O.  e.  Dec.  5,  '64.  i  sub.)  m.o.  July  2:^ '65. 
Kolce  Adam.  e.  Dec.  2.  '64,  (sub.)  m.o.  July  22.  65. 

lOMP.*NV    F. 
Drafted  and   Substitute  Kecrult. 

Burlh  Je».se.S.  e.  Nov.  29.  '64.  m.o.  July  22.  '65. 


COMPANY   H. 


.\rbuckle  Abner,  e.  De 
Darvey  Isaiah, 
Denvy  Wllllaui. 
llatnehl  Alwl,  e.  Dec. 

•64. 
Flahertv  J..hn.  e.  Dec.  2 


Privates. 

29.  '61.  disd. 

'61.  unoHlclally  reported  m.o.  Dec  M, 

nnncitt  .......1  , -9.  '61.  re-e.  July  12.  '63. 

HuntcrHlram  A.  e.  N.iv    2.  '81.  pro.  to  scrgl.  Iheli  to  g.M.  sergt. 
Hitt  Aii.lrcw  J.  c.  Dec.  27.  '61.  .Ii»d.  May  lb.  '62.  dl»ab. 
Ilolalian  John,  e.  Dec.  29. '6l.dl»d.  Dec    4.'6S.dl.«ab.    ,,    ,^  .    . 
McClanan   William,  e.  Dec.  -29.  '61.  kid.  at  .M.itamoni.  T.  tVL  5. 

.g.i 
Vein  .Stewart.  1:  Nov.  7.  '61.  disd.  Nov.  2.  '6'2.  .llsab. 
Nelson  John.  e.  Dec.  29.  '61.  re-e.  as  vet. 
Pollard  Patrick,  e.  Dec.  29.  '61.  re-e.  as  vet. 
Thomas  .Seymour,  >•.  Dec.  29,  '61,  ree.  as  veU 

Veterans. 

Flahariy  John,  e.  Jan.  5.  '64.  m.o.  Julv  22.  "65.  prisoner  war. 
Nel.on  .lohn.  e.  Jan.  5,  '64,  m.o.  July  2'2.  '65.  as  sergt. 
pollanl  Patrick,  e.  Jan.  5.  '64.  trans,  to  \  .R.C.  March  15.   65. 
Temple  Th.ilnas  .s.  e.  Feb.  2».  '64.  m.o.  Julv  2'J.  '65,  as  corpl. 
Thomas  Seymour,  e.  Jan.  5.  '64.  m.o.  July  22.  "65.  absent,  sick. 

Kecriilta. 

Reynolds  Abiier  e.  March  12.  62.  kl.l.  Nolamora,  T.  Oct.  5.  '62. 
Stocking  Frederick   F.  e.  Feb.  3.  '62.  trans,  to  regimental  baud 

March  27.  '62. 
Temple  Thomas,  e.  Feb.  28.  '6!8.  re-e.  as  vet.       ,,,.„.  „.,.h 
Wllinot  w.  F.  e.  Feb.  14. '62.  trans  to  regimental  band  March 

.17   '6  .J 
Tlioniiis  Tloimas.  e.  Feb.  28.  6-2.  disd.  Oct.  18.  '62.  dlsab. 
Thompson  Henry,  e.  .March  10.  '62.  dlsrt   In  bospllal. 
ThomlKson  William,  e.  .March  10,  '62.  iHsd.  D<-c.  5.  '62.  dlsab. 

Drafted  and  Subatltute  Kecrult. 
Beese  Alexander,  e.  Oct.  13. '64.  ,suli.  i  never  Jolnwl  co. 

COMPANY    I. 
I*rlviites. 

Bovwell  John,  e.  March  11    '62.  trans,  toco.  E. 
Boxwell  Robert. e.  Marcu  12,  '62   trans,  loco.  K. 
Largent  John.  e.  March  12.  '62.  trans,  toco.  E. 

I'nnsslvtietl    Drafted   and   Nuballtule    Kecrult. 

Jaeger  Joseph,  c    li...  H '64,  (sub.  I  m.o   Ma)  S.  "65 


<'>4tli   liil'iiiitry. 


I'OMl'AN^    F. 
ItericeMnl. 
Plrsl,  Jones  William  M   e   Dec.  1.V  'Al. 

CtlMI'ANY  ti. 
Private. 
Smith  Lyman  It.  e.  Dee.  8,  '61,  re-e.  as  vet 

4'OMPANV   K. 
lierrult. 

Wright  James  II.  e.  Feb.  29.  "64.  m.o.  tlcl.  I^  tft. 


PKOIUA   rOUXTY   WAR    RE(  OHD. 


381 


UnaAsiGrned  Ke<*ruit. 

Smllh  WllMsm  H.  disd.  Aug.  13.  '64,  cUsab. 


55th  Tnfautry. 

COMPANY  E. 
Privatt'K. 

Hol.Ien  William,  e.  AilK.  14.  'HI.  disd.  Jan.  38,  'M.  dl.sab. 
Hptliltiiff  <;('orge,  e.  Sepr.  20.  '61.  reported  illsd.  lUed  since. 
Nichols  Thomas,  e.  Aug.  1,  '61,  mo.  Oct.  31   '64. 

COMPANY  G. 
Private. 

Turner  James,  e.  Sept.  14.  '61,  m.o.  Oct.  31,  '64. 

COMPANY  K. 

Sergeant. 

Forbes  John,  e.  Oct.  32,  '61,  sergt.  promoted  to  1st  lieut. 

Privates. 
Connor  John,  e.  Oct.  22,  '61,  killed  nr.  Jonesboro,  Ga.  Sept.  1  '64. 
Beeson  H.  Y.  e.  Oct.  22.  '61,  died  at  St.  Louis,  Mo. 
Brown  C.  F.  e.  Oct.  22.  '61.  disd.  Nov.  7,  '61.  rtlsab. 
Jaclison  M.  H.  e.  Oct.  22.  '61.  disd.  Jan.  28.  '63,  dlsab. 
Lower  R.  A.  e.  Oct.  23.  '61,  m.o.  Oct.  31,  '64. 
Rouse  T.  S.  e.  Oct.  22,  'SI.  re-e.  as  vet. 
Simmons  Edmund,  e.  Oct.  22,  '61.  re-e.  as  vet. 
VIckerv  Albert,  e.  Oct.  32.  '61.  m.o.  Oct.  31.  '64. 
Widener  M.  e.  Oct.  23,  '61.  m.o.  Oct.  31.  64. 
W.iddell  William,  e.  Oct.  2'3,  '61,  m.o.  Oct.  31,  '64. 
Walker  William,  e.  Oct.  32,  '61,  re-e.  as  vet. 

A'eterans, 

Rouse  Thomas,  e.  Mar.  31.  '64. 1st  sergt.  died  Duval's  HInll.  July 

25,  '65. 
Walker  William,  e.  Jan.  2,  '64,  m.o.  Aug.  14,  '65.  as  Corp. 

Recruit^. 

newey  Issacher  B.  e,  Nov.  8,  '61.  disd,  Feb.  20,  '63. 
McMullen  Robert  W.  e.  .Nov.  7,  '61.  m.o.  Aug.  14,  '65. 
Smith  H.  F.  e.  Nov.  9,  '61,  ae.<irtd.  Dec.  30.  '63. 


57tb  Infantry. 

COMPANY  c. 

Corporals. 

White  O.  W.  e.  Dec.  26.  '61.  corp.  died  Pittsburgh  L.  May  4,  '62. 
Howard  Robert  A.  e.  Dec.  23.  '61,  m.o.  Jan.  14.  '65. 

Privates. 
Draper  James  E.  e.  Dec.  18,  '61.  disd.  June  17,  '62. 
Davis  Willis,  e.  Dec.  18.  '61,  m.o.  Dec.  29,  '64. 
Ernst  Adam.  e.  Dec.  23.  '61.  died  .it  P.-iducah.  Ky.  Jan.  18  '63 
Frank  .Simon  li.  e.  Dec.  16.  '61.  m.o.  Dec.  29,  '64.  as  sergt. 
German  Robert  S.  e.  Dec.  13,  '61,  m.o.  Dec.  39,  '64. 
Howard  Robert  B.  e.  Dec.  2.5.  '61.  di.sd.  Dec.  17.  '62. 
Higgins  Moses  G.  e.  Dec.  20.  '61.  diCil  at  Corinth,  J.in.  14.  '62. 
Hot*  Conrad,  e.  Dec.  26.  '61.  m.o.  Dec.  29.  '64. 
Maifrice  .Joseph  H.  e.  Dec.  15.  '61,  m.o.  Dec.  39.  '64. 
Notistine  John  A.  e.  Dec.  24.  '61.  m.o.  Jan.  27,  '65. 
Rouse  John  D.  e.  Dec.  34.  '61.  m.o.  Dec.  39,  '64,  as  corp 
Steele  William,  e.  Dec.  35,  '61.  m.o.  Dec.  29.  '64. 
Stewart  William  B.  e.  Dec.  18.  '61,  m.o.  Dec.  29.  '64. 
Smith  J.  William,  e.  Dec.  15.  '61.  disd.  .\pril  27.  '62. 
Throatt  Frederick,  e.  Dec.  10,  '61,  tran.s.  to  co.  F,  Jan.  1,  '63. 
Weld  William  H,  e.  Dec.  13,  '61.  died  at  Qulncy.  111.  May  32,  '62. 
Wonder  Ben].  F.  e.  Dec.  16,  '61,  m.o.  Dec.  39.  '64.  as  corp. 

COMPANY  G. 

Privates. 

Wolf  John,  e.  Dec.  16.  '61.  disd.  -4.uk.  30.  '62. 
Wagner  Casper,  e.  Dec.  16,  '61,  re-e.  as  vet. 

Veteran. 

Wagner  Casper,  e.  Dec.  27.  '63.  m.o.  July  7,  '65. 

COMPANY  H. 

Corporal. 

Sterling  William  H.  H.  e.  Oct.  10, '61.  m.o.  Dec.  25,  64. 

Privates. 

Clifford  William  P.  e.  March  10.  '61.  desrtd.  June  8,  '63. 

Uorsley  Thomas  E.  e  Oct.  20.  '61.  disd.  Sept.  8.  '63.  wounds. 

Morris  Demetrius  E.  e.  Oct.  10.  '61.  m.o.  Dec.  35,  '64. 

Slygh  Henry  S.  e.  Oct.  7.  '61.  re-e.  as  vet. 

Slygh  John  A.  e.  Oct.  7.  '61.  disd.  .Nov.  15.  '62. 

White  Isaiah  or  Joshua,  e.  Oct.  7.  '61,  disd.  Aug.  31,  '62,  dlsab. 

COMPANY   K. 

Lieuteuant. 

William  Sterling,  coin.  June2U,  '63,  term  ex.  Dec.  35.  '64. 


tTliaisifiriied  Recruit. 

Jackson  Henry,  e.  March  23,  '65.  disd. 


68th  Infantry. 

C  OMPANY  B. 


Corporal. 
Sumrnes  Martin  H.  e.  Oct.  28.  '61.  rorp.  desrtd.  March.  "63. 

Privates. 
Biuck  .Tohn.  e.  Nov.  12.  '61.  m.o.  Feh.  7.  ^65. 
King  Moses  B,  e.  Dec.  1.  '61.  trjiiKs.  to  co.  H. 
KiTiR  Alexander,  e.  Oct.  31,  "(il.  tnins,  to  co.  H. 
Matteson  H.  A.  e.  Oct.  31.  '61.  desrtd.  May  11.  '62. 
Oaklev  James  H.  e.  Oct.  28.  '61,  trans,  to  co.  H. 
Sumnies  Thomas  H.  e.  Oct.  28,  '61,  trans,  to  co.  H. 

Recruit**. 

Halsey  Robert  J.  e.  .Tan.  1.  '63.  re-e.  as  vet. 
Sutherland  John.  e.  Aug.  16,  '63.  desrtd.  Dec.  15.  '64. 
Cunningham  J.  C.  e.  July  29,  '6.3.  de.srtd.  June  20.  '64. 

58tli  Infantry    (ConBolidated). 

COMPANY    E. 

Private**. 

Duffy  Richard,  e.  March  11.  '65.  m.o.  March  10,  '66. 
Delaney  Patrick,  e.  Maich  11.  '65.  m.o.  Feh.  10.  '66. 
Grover  Moralde,  e.  March  11.  '65.  desrtd.  April  6.  '65. 
Goodwin  Thomas,  e.  March  22,  '65.  desrtd.  June  11.  '65. 
Halt  John,  e.  March  28.  '65.  desrtd.  April  6.  '65. 
McGinnis  Thomas,  e.  March  21.  '65.  desrtd.  April  6,  '65- 
O'Brien  John,  e.  March  18.  '6.5.  m.o.  March  17,  '66. 
Prothers  Evan  M,  e.  Marcli  28.  '65,  m.o.  .March  28,  '66. 
Salsl»urv  Richard,  e.  Marcli  16.  '65.  desrtd.  April  6,  '65. 
Shehan  Williara,  e.  March  28,  '65.  desrtd.  April  6.  '65. 
Woods  William,  e.  March  28.  '65,  desrtd.  April  6.  '65. 

COMPANY    F. 


DeGan  George,  e.  March  22,  '65.  m.o.  March  17,  *66. 
McBain  Joseph,  e.  March  24,  '65. 
Snow  Frank,  e.  March  22.  '65. 

CO.>IPANY   H. 

Privates. 

Craig  William,  e.  March  24,  "65,  desrtd.  April  8,  *65. 
Madison  John,  e.  March  24,  '65.  desrtd.  April  8,  '65. 
Worthy  William,  e.  March  24,  '65.  desrtd.  April  8,  '65. 

COMPANY    I. 

Serg:eants. 
Willis  John  M.  e.  March  27,  '65.  desrtd.  April  1,  '65 
Allison  Harvt-y,  e.  March  27,  '65.  m.o.  April  1.  '66. 

Corporals. 

Hotter  John  S.  e.  March  27.  '65.  desrtd.  April  8.  '65. 
Warns  Thomas,  e.  March  25.  '65.  desrtd.  April  8.  '65. 

Privates. 

Allen  George,  e.  March  25.  '65.  m.o.  March  24,  '66. 
Backus  Henry,  e.  March  27.  '65.  desrtd.  April  8.  '65. 
Black  Nicholas,  e.  March  26,  '65.  m.o.  March  26.  '66. 
Blong  Ambrose  e.  March  2b,  '65.  m.o.  March  26.  '66. 
Bateman  Daniel,  e.  March  25,  '65.  desrtd.  April  ],  '65. 
riirren  Petfr,  c.  March  25.  '65.  ih-.srted.  Aprd  1.  '65. 
Dunn  ,l;tinr.s  r.  March  2.  'f>:>.  ih'srtd,  April  1.  '65. 
KulU-r  ChaiU's,  r.  .Marcli  27.  "6:).  ll(^^rtd.  April  8.  '65. 
Hutchinson  James  or  Julin.  t_'.  .March  27,  '65,  ni.o.  March  26,  '66. 

as  sergt. 
Habes  Anthony,  e.  March  27.  '65,  died  Aug.  19,  '65. 
Hurley  John.  e.  March  27.  '65.  desrtd.  April  1,  '65. 
Konner  or  Hower  Mathews,  e.  March  27.  '65,  m.o.  March  26, '66. 
Kinsli'v  Jotiii  B.  r.  March  27,  '65,  absent  sick  at  m.o.  of  regt. 
Lfwis  William  H.  e.  March  27.  '65.  desrtd.  Aiu-il  1,  '65. 
J.,<jgan  James,  e.  March  25,  '65.  desrid.  Api  il  1,  '65. 
Morris  George,  e.  March  25.  '65.  desrtd.  April  1,  '65. 
McCain  George,  e.  March  25,  '65,  desrtd.  April  1.  '65. 
Mason  George,  e.  March  27.  '65,  desrtd.  April  1,  '65. 
Ragen  James,  e.  March  23,  '65,  desrtd.  April  1,  '65. 
Thomas  Charles  M.  e.  March  27.  '65.  desrtd.  April  1,  '65. 
Wallace  John  C.  e.  March  27,  '65,  desrtd.  April  1,  '65. 

Unasslened  RecruitM. 

Burton  James  C.  e.  March  1.  *65. 
Stone  Charles  S.  e.  March  1,  '65. 


59tli  Infantry, 


COMPANY   F. 

RecruitH, 

Ambler  Monroe,  e.  Dec.  16. '63.  trans,  from  89th,  m.o.  Dec.  8. '65. 


382 


PEORIA    roUXTY    WAR    RECORD 


OOth   Infantry. 

COMPANY    E. 

Hendiirkton  Hkrtwrll.  r.  Jan.  24.  'OS,  iii.u.  July  31.  '85 


(Utii   liifaiid^. 

L.leal«nMiit  Colonel. 

Dmvlil  K.  witllaiut  c«iui.  hr{>t.  ;i.'61,  disil.  on  (iurgt!ou*&cvrtlflc«c« 
or  dUah  .Sept.  rj.  '61. 

««).M1'.\NY  K. 
l*rlvi»t«a. 
DoncTan  Cornellui.  e.  Nut.  1  '61.  dia.  July  it,  '62,  dlaab. 


Ootli  Infantry. 

CO.MI'.^NV    F. 

I'rivate. 
Putnam  H.   W.  f    Marrh  12.  'SJ.  trans,  lo  ci>.  G  .May  12.  '62. 


(MWIi  Infantry. 

I'tOII'.V.N  V    .*. 

Private. 

NereoK  Frank  E.  r.  Nuv.  4.  '61.  Istaerul.  dlnU.  for  pro.  .March 
7.  '64 


07tli  luluutry  (3  Muutbs). 

Lleiiteiiaiit   Colonel. 

KuRcne  K.  UalcU-y.  cunt.  June  13.  'ti'i,  ui.u.  Oct.  6,  '62. 

CO.MPANV  K. 

LleateiiiiDtM. 
PIrfli.  .\l>ram  l>.  Van  Vvcktcn.  cum.  .Mine  13,  '62.  in.o.  Sept.  '62. 
Secuntl,  Horac  K.  IJwyer.  cum.  June  13.  '62,  ni.u.  Sept.  'ii. 

Serjreant. 
Dyer  Horace  K.  c.  May  31,  '62.  scrxt.  pro.  2d  LleuL 
PrlvateM. 

Hrock  M.  \V.  e.  June  2,  '62.  ilei»ched  at  in.o.  reut- 
Ballrv  John.  e.  June  i.  '62. 
.Miller  William  F.  c.  May  31.  '62. 
Slaughlir  William,  e.  June  4. 112. 

CO.'VII-.ANY  G. 

Caplalo. 

coarlet  K.  I'urple.  com.  June  13,  '62.  m.o.  .Sept.  '62. 

Lleut^nanUi. 
Klrat,  Jeremiah  Dorkat.-iter,  com.  ,lune  IS.  '62,  m.o.  Sept  *62. 
Second,  Edward  K.  Valentine,  com.  June  13.  '62.  m.o.  SepL  *62. 

.SerseanUi. 

KImpaon  .tuhn.  e.  June  2.  '62. 
Durliani  Julin  K.  f.  June  2.  '62. 
Ilolinlicck  I'uriiellM.i  C.  e  June  2.  '62. 
Goodwin  John  J',  o.  June  2,  '62. 

Coriiorala. 
HtevlBon  Daniel  I),  e.  June  2.  '62. 
Miller  Daniel  D.  e.  June  2,  '62. 
Kuinm*'r«  tJeorKr  W.  e.  .hine  2.  '62. 
VaiKiw  H..l..r>  W   e  Jiiiie2,  "62. 
»' 'I      -      '    '■         '  .1,1.  2.  '62. 

\^  .  "'62. 

I  .:.  '62. 

Prlratea. 

Atkliunn  J..hn  D.  e.  June  2   '62. 

li'  un  If.  e.  ,lune  2.  '62. 

i-  r   .lune  2.  '62. 

1  lure  J.  r.  June  2.  '62 

I.  K.  I-   June  10.  '62 

<  i'li.  I'.  .Iiitie  2.  '62. 

I'  rlllli  A    e    June  2,  '62. 

1.  .111.  .■    .Tun.- 2.  '64. 

I  ■  ■  J 

I 

1    ■ 

F 2.  '»«. 

Iwrri  II  I'.ilru-h.  *■   Jiiiii-  2.  '62. 
lianlinilt  William,  e    June  2.  '62. 
(illlMii  MIluC   r   June  a.  '62 


Hooker  Wllllani.  e  June  t.  'St. 
Harvey  HenderRon.  e.  JaneS,  '62 
Harvey  John.  e.  June  2.  *62- 
ilarl^rt  Juliii.  e.  June  2.  '62 

llai:>"-k  <  Miilori.  e.  June  2.  '62 

.1  I  S.  e.  June  2.  '62. 

.1  un.  e.  June  2.  '62. 

K  <■*.  e.  June  2.  '62. 

K  .^v.  e   June  4.  "62.  pro.  lerct. 

K  1    e   June  2.  '62. 

I  ^    e.  -lune  2.  '62. 

M  .  riuuias  J.  e.  June  2.  '62. 

M  ,'  June2.  °62. 

M  .-.  June  2.  '62. 

M  u.|  .s.  e.  June2. '62. 

>:  Vliiu!»  II.  e,  Julie2.  *62. 

\:  rt  I",  e.  .IllTie  2.  '62. 

M  M.  e.  June  2.  '62 

O^i...... ..rle-s  e.  June  2.  '62. 

OCKiXkr  Itenjamln.  e.  June  2.  '62. 
PfaUlp  EIIIn  e.  June  2.  '62. 
Patten  Win    11    .    .1  I    .   J  -62. 

1; 

>il|..,.    .:«:■.:     >     ■■     -i."-6«. 

Spellani  I'linotny.  e.  Juni*  4.  '62. 
SnMler  Victor,  e.  June  4.  '62. 
StlUwell  K.  J.  e.  June  4.  '62. 
Smith  lliirilsv  A.  ■•.  June  4.'62. 
Sturm  ,liitin  T.  e.  June  4,  '62. 
Tunillnsoii  Vinhrose.  e.  June  4.  '62. 
Tripp  llavlil  T.  e  June  4.  '62. 
Thnrflun  Frank,  e.  .lune  4.  "62. 
Wui>ilrulT  Ji.hn  H.  e.  Juiu-  4.  "62. 
Wllley  John  .V.  e.  June  4.  '62. 
Wardlow  Robert,  e.  June  4.  '62 

Recruit*. 

Snvder  Henry  H.  e.  June  4. '64.  .,„.,i„, 

Valentine  K.  K.  e.  Juiu-  4.  '64.  pro.  l«l  serut  and  2d  lleot. 
Vandorer  lilll)ert.  e.  June  4,  '84.  pro.  to  corpl. 

CO^II'A.VY   K. 

rrl\iiteH. 

Adamn  .\UHllli.  e.  June  2.  "B'-V 
Brown  (  harles,  e.  June  4.  '62. 
Blue  James  H.  e.  June  2,  '62. 
Frledhalier  John  M.  e.  June  4,   62. 
Oowan  Georne.  e.  ,lune  4.  '62. 
Varley  Jacoli.  e.  June  4.  '62. 


(With    Infantry    (.S  months). 


COMPANY  K. 

.Sericeant. 
Fuller  Philip  B.  e.  June  2.  '62.  ni.n. 

Prlvat«a. 
Campbell  William,  e.  June  2.  '62. 
Fiekea  Thomas,  e.  June  9,  "62. 

71st    Infantry    (.'I  nionthsi. 

«  <IM|-.\NV  »'. 
Kerrull>. 
Kill  Jamea,  e.  July  7.  '82.  m."  Oct.  20. 'fiJ 
Koblnnon  Abram.  e.  July  T.    62.  in  ..  Oct    .•<!.    6' 

COMPANY    I>. 

Brohti  Jacob,  e.  July  4.  '62.  m.u 

COMPANY   K. 

SerKeant. 
Firm.  Hemmant  Alfred  S.  e.  July  s,  '68,  m.o.  Oct.  M,  •««. 
Private*. 

Brarkley  Samuel  It  e.  June  SO.  '62.  mo  Oct.  «».  •««. 

Hrackley  William  II.  e.  Jnn.-  SO.  62.  mo.  Oct.  ««,  t*. 

<',.iira.l  Iharleii,  e  July  7.  '62.  ni  "  Oct  29,  "62. 

<  la\toii  I«.»«c.  e.  Jul>  S.  '62.  in.u  Oct  29.   8*. 

Dr.;i  Wllllnm,  e   June  .1,  '62.  ni  ci   Oct    29.  '62. 

M •  il.i.ry.e.  Jul>  2. '1.2.  in  .■  Oct.  29.  ■«« 

r  June  St).  '112.  Ill  '■   ocl    29.  '62 

«.  e.  June  SO,  'li'J.  ni  u.  Oct.  29,  '82. 

■-  iie«t.  e   Jill>  9.  62.  In  ..    Oct    29.  '82 

Stcwait  F.ia<lu>  w.  e.  Jul)  7.  '6'.'.  m  u.  Oct  29.  '82. 


72(1  Infantry. 


ttl.MPANV    C, 
Private. 

Hpenrer  John  K  e.  Aug  '6'2,  train    to  V    R.  ('  June  15.  'M.  aud 
ixana.  Iiark  Feb.  14,  '85. 


PEORIA    COUNTY    WAR   RECORD. 


383 


77th  Infantry. 

HISTOUY. 

The  reRiment  was  fiillv  orpraiiizeil  aiul  mustered  Into  the 
United  States  service  Sei>tenilicr  3*1,  181)3.  at  l*emi:i.  111.  Re- 
mained In  camp  at  rliat  plart-  until  ocu-bcr  4rli.  at  wliirh  lime  It 
proceeded  to  Covington.  Ky.,  and  reported  to  Major  den.  Cor- 
don GrauK'T.  coniiiKiiuUntr  Army  of  Keiitn-kv.  who  assigned 
it  to  ilutv  in  the  division  r..mniaMd<-.l  h\  (W-n.  A.  ,1.  Smith. 

Marched  from  ^'o\  lii^'tou  w  iih  tin-  division.  Octoher  17th, 
ami  leachi'd  Lexint^roti  on  ilo'  -.iytli,  imd  Kiriimond  Sid  Novem- 
ber. Marclied  frtim  thai  point  on  .Novenibtr  lUh,  and  arrived 
at  Louisville  on  the  I7th. 

Nothing  of  anv  interest  transpired  during  the  sojourn  of  the 
regiment  in  Kentucky —  there  heini?  nr)  force  of  the  enemy  In 
the  Slate  at  that  time";  ami  the  eampaign  lliere  was  merely  a 
march  of  about  150  miles  into  the  interior  and  a  march  back 
again. 

November  30th.  186-2.  Hie  regimenl  embark i-d  on  steamer  for 
Memphis.  Tenu..  lu  coni|iaiiy  witli  the  whob- division,  nnder  the 
same  commander.    Arrived  at  latter  place  November  37tii. 

Remained  there  until  December  '20th.  The  di\  Ision  w  as  re- 
organized and  reported  for  duty  to  Major  Ceneral  Sherman. 
Embarked  at  Memphis  on  ilie  -^uili  "f  Heicinbt-r.  and  pr.  needed 
down  the  river  witli  Sherman's  arm\  for  tin-  '■aptnn-  of  \'ioks- 
burg.  Disemliarked  in  the  Ya/oo  nvi-r  nt-ai-  chirkasitu  IJayou 
on  tlie  27rh.  The  Seveiuv-st-ventli  <ircuiiied  the  extreme  right 
of  the  line  and  participated  in  the  attack  on  tlie  rebel  works. 
After  four  ilavs'  fightlnjr.  tlic  attack  was  abatidioied.  ami  the 
army  embarked  on  their  boats  and  proceeded  to  Milliken's 
Bend,  La. 

At  this  place  Major  Gen.  Mct.'iernand  arriveit  and  assumed 
command  of  the  army.  He  organized  it  into  two  corps  — the 
Thirteenth  and  Fifteenth.  The  Sevrntv-scv-uth  was  assigned 
totlie  Tenth  Division.  Thirteenth  Arinv  (nips.  l)ivi3ion  com- 
manded by  Gen.  A.  J.  Smith,  an<l  i^'urps  by  (leneral  MeCler- 
nand. 

Left  Milliken's  Bemi  January  5th.  1863.  and  arrived  at  Ar- 
kansas Post  on  the  10th.  Inimeaiately  disembarked,  and  on  the 
following  morning  participated  in  the  assault,  .\frer  a  few 
hours'  bard  lighting,  carried  the  piact-  hy  assault,  cap'ni  ing  all 
it  contained.  The  los->  nf  th.-  1 1  ^,'nneiit  lii-n-  \\  as  six  lullrd  and 
thirty- nine  wounded—  some  of  ttie  latter  moiial.  Tln'  reyimeiil 
In  this  battle  behaved  admiraiily,  and  was  complimented  by  the 
commanding  General  for  its  gallant  conduct. 

January  14th.  again  emtjarked  and  proceeded  to  Young's 
Poini.  La.  Arrived  there  on  the  2'-id  and  went  into  camp,  re- 
maining until  tiie  9th  of  March,  engaged  in  the  digging  on  the 
canal  across  the  point  opposite  Vicksburg.  In  March  clirtnged 
camp  to  Milliken's  Bend. 

In  the  first  partof  April  the  Thirteenth  Cor[is  marched  from 
MilUkeirs  Bend  for  Grand  Gulf.  The  Seveniy-seventh  broke 
camp  and  moved  forward  about  the  middle  of  .\prit.  Crossed 
the  river  below  Grand  Gulf  on  the  last  day  of  Ai)ril  and  matched 
all  night,  arriving  at  Port  Gibson  early  on  the  morning  of  the 
1st  of  Mav.  and  participated  in  the  eiig.^genieni  thei  e  dui  ing 
the  entire  (lay.  The  regiment  remained  with  Geueial  Grant's 
army  during  the  entire  campaign  around  Vicksburg  ami  the 
siege  of  the  latter  place,  until  its  surrender. 

The  regiment  was  engaged  in  the  actions  at  Champion  Hills. 
May  17th;  Black  river  bridge,  May  IHth;  first  chai-e  '»n  Vicks- 
burg. May  22  and  23.  losing  in  ihi'si-  tMigai^emenis  twenty 
ktUett  eighiv-six  wounded  ami  twenty-six  missing. 

Vicksburg  surrendered  on  the  4lh  of  Jnlj  and  the  next  day 
t  the  regiment  marched  for  Jackson  wiih  the  aruiy  under  Sher- 
man. Arrived  there  July  9th  and  was  under  the  fire  of  tli" 
enemy  at  that  place  until  the  16th,  when  Jackson  was  evacuated 
and  the  Sevenlv-seventh  returned  to  A'ieksbnrg.  R'uiained  in 
camp  al  Vicksburg  until  August  25tU,  then  emt)arkfd  for  New 
Orleans,  wliere  it  remained  in  eamji  nniil  Ortoi>er  yd.  left  New 
Orleans  at  that  time  for  Western  Louisiana.  Marched  up  IJayou 
Techc  through  Franklin  lo  New  Iberia,  Louisiana.  Camjietl  there 
until  Dfi  tiiiber  6.  1863,  when  marched  hack  to  New  Orleans. 
Left  New  <  >rleans  on  the  17th  of  December,  on  steam^'r,  and 
disemliarked  at  I'.isoCavalo.  Texas  on  the  20ih  oi  D.-cinber. 
Remained  in  camp  until  tlie  last  of  Ft-i'iuary,  rlo-n  mi  barked  on 
vessels  and  were  irauspurti-<l  to  Berwick  Uay.  Luuisiana.  Krom 
thence  marched  through  to  Alexandria,  Louisiana,  with  the 
array  under  General  Banks  bound  for  Sbrevr-port.  I'l  tini  Alex- 
andria marched  up  Red  river, 'irlving  the  enem.\  until  Salune 
Cross  Roads  was  reached  on  the  Stli  of  April,  1864,  wliere  it  met 
the  enemy  in  force  and  was  immediatelv  engaged. 

The  Seventy-seventh  belonged  to  the  division  under  com- 
mand of  General  Ransom,  which  divi:>ion  was  first  ordered  for- 
ward to  .support  the  advance  cavalr> .  Uefore  llie  army  could  be 
brought  forward  to  rb  ir  suptiort.  the  wliole  rebel  army  came 
down  oil  them  aud  overwhelmed  the  whole  division.  In  this 
engagemi-nt  the  Seventv-seventh  suffered  terribly.  Lleutenant- 
('olonel  Webb  was  kilbd  instantly  byamuskei  ball  through  the 
brain,  and  one  hundred  and  seventy-six  ofllcers  and  men  were 
killed,  wounded  and  made  prisoners,  leaving  only  about  one 
hundred  and  twenty-five  men  in  the  regiment  for  duty. 

On  the  next  day  General  A.  J,  SmitiiN  corps  came  \ip  and  at 
Pleasant  Hill  another  battle  was  fought  <udiiig  in  the  complete 
defeat  of  the  reliels.  The  regimt-nt  icniaine<l  witli  General 
Banks  througlioiit  his  retreat  down  Red  river  and  until  he 
reacheil  the  >Ilssissipp|.  Here  it  was  ortlered  into  camp  at  Ba- 
ton Rungf  until  tht^  first  partof  August.  .\t  tlKit  time,  with  five 
or  six  other  n-glinents,  tt  emharlced  and  was  transported  to 
Dauphlne's  Island  under  the  lomniand  of  Gt'in-ial  (ioidtui 
Granger.  Here  assiste.l  in  the  reduction  of  Forts  (lalm-s  and 
Morgan,  and  then  returned  to  .Morganzit  Uend  on  the  Missis- 
sippi,   lu  October,  regiment  onit-red  to  New  Orleans  for  pro- 


vost duty,  anil  remained  there  until  ihe  first  part  of  March. 
1865  when  It  was  assigned  to  the  first  brigade,  third  division, 
thirteenth  armv  corps  and  transported  to  Mobile  Point,  where 
it  joined  General  Canbv's  armv  for  the  capture  of  Moliile. 
General  Granger  collected  his  Ihirteentli  corps  at  tliis  point  and 
duringthe  month  of  March  moved  up  the  [.fniiisula  towards 
Spanish  Fort.  The  regiment  was  with  General  Canby's  army 
during  the  entire  siege  and  capture  i>f  Spanish  Fort,  Blakely 
and  Mobile,  and  was  under  fire  during  the  nritire  time. 

The  day  following  their  entry  into  Mobile,  the  third  division 
in  which  liie  Seventy-seventh  served,  marched  out  of  the  city 
and  proceeded  up  the  Tontbigliee  river  in  search  of  General 
Dick  Tavlor's  armv.  It  proceeded  up  the  river  about  sixty 
miles  when  it  was  recalled  to  Mobile  — the  rebel  forces  through- 
out the  country  having  surrendered. 

Remained  In  camp  in  .Mobile  until  July  10.  1865.  at  which 
time  it  was  mustered  out  of  service  and  ordered  to  Springfield, 
Illinois,  for  final  pavment  and  discharge,  where  It  arrived  July 
23.  1865. 

The  Seventv-seventh  Illinois  during  its  term  of  service  was 
engaged  in  sixteen  battles  and  sieges,  and  in  every  one  of  them 
carried  itself  with  honor  and  credit  to  the  State. 

ColoiielH. 

Charles  Ballance.  com.  Aug.  18.  '62,  res. 

David  P.  Grier.  com.  Sept.  12.  '62,  trans,  as  consol. 

Lieutenant  Colonel. 

Lysander  R.  Webb,  com.  Sept.  3,  '62  kid.  in  battle  April  8.  '64. 

Major. 
Memoir  V.  Hotchklss,  com.  Sept.  3.  '62,  res.  Fel).  2.  '64. 

Adjutant. 
John  Hough,  ctun.  S'-pt.  6.  '62.  pro.  by  President  \.  A.  G.  on  staff 
of  Gen.  A.  J.  Smith. 

Quartermaster. 
David  McKlnney,  com.  Sept.  12.  '62.  trans,  as  consol. 

Chaplain. 
William  G.  Pierce,  com.  Sept.  2.  '62. 

Sergeant    Major. 
Hotchklss  Walter  B.  e.  Aug.  12.  '62.  disd.  Sept.  22.  '64.  dlsab. 

Q.  M.  Sergeant. 
Cone  Geo.  W.  e.  Aug  14.  '64.  pro.  2d  Lieut,  co.  I. 

Coiuinissavy  Sergeants. 
Wakefield  Nathan  R,  e.  Aug.  9,  "64,  trans,  to  co.  C  Dec.  21.  *64. 
Bennett  William  H.  e.  Aug.  12.  '64,  m.o.  July  10,  '65. 

Principal   Mu«icianH. 

Allen  Daniel  B.  e.  Aug.  12,  '64.  disd.  March  15.  '65,  disab. 
Carroll  John  W.  e.  Aug.  7,  '64,  in.o.  July  10.  "65. 
Wiley  Lemon  H.  e.  Aug.  15,  '64.  m.o.  July  10.  '65. 

COMPANY   A. 

Sergeants. 

Hotchkiss  Walter  B.  e.  Aug.  12.  '63.  pro.  sergt.  maj. 
Campbell  John  F.  e.  Aug.  7,  '62,  kid.  at  Vicksburg  May  22.  63. 

Corporals, 
Rugg  Arthur  H.  e.  Aug.  12,  '62.  disd.  Dec.  18,  "63.  as  sergt. 
Putnam  W.  P.  e.  Aug.  14,  '62,  disd.  Dec.  17.  '63.  for  pro.  U.S. 

Privates. 

Abraham  Andrew  J.  e.  Aug.  15.  '62,  died  at  Tyler,  Tex.  Dec.  14. 

'64,  while  prisoner  of  war. 
Asb  Fraticis  W.  e.  Aug.  15.  '62.  m.o.  July  10.  '65. 
Develbliss  .Fames  H.  e.  Aug.  14.  '62.  m.o,  July  10.  '65. 
Develbliss  Samuel  S.  e.  Aug.  7,  '62.  kid.  at  Mansfield.  La.  .\prll 

Edwards  Ulvsses,  e.  Aug.  12.  '62,  died  at  Memphis.  Sept.  3.  '63. 
Frv  Benjamin,  e.  Aug.  11,  '62,  m.o.  May  18,  '65. 
Holler  Conrad,  e.  Aug.  14,  '62.  m.o.  June  17.  '65. 
Hurd  Charles  T.  e.  Aug.  15.  '62.  trans.  Signal  Corps,  Oct.  1.  '63. 
Kroeson  Cyrus  A.  e.  .\ug.  12,  '62.  trans,  to  V.K.C.  July  7,  '64. 
Kro>'Son  Washington,  e.  Aug.  12.  '62,  m.o.  June  17.   65. 
Moss  J.  R.  e.  Aug.  13.  '62.  disd.  May  15.  '63,  disab. 
Russe!l  Luther  G.  e.  Aug.  12.  '62.  m.o.  June  17.  '65.  as  corpl. 
Summers  Fred.  e.  Aug.  11,  '62.  disd.  Aug.  11,  '64.  dlsab. 
Stone  Lester  T.  e.  Aug.  15.  '62.  trans.  Signal  (Jorps.  Oct.  1.  '63. 
Sturgeon  William,  e.  Aug.  15.  '62.  disd.  June  15.  '63.  disab. 
Trench  Daniel  B.  e.  Aug.  11.  '62.  died  Jan.  12,  '63.  wounds. 
Varlev  Henry,  e.  Aug.  14.  '62.  m.o.  July  10.  '65.  as  corpl. 
White  Mason  M.  e.  Aug.  13.  '62.  m.o.  June  17.  *65. 
Wilson  Henrv,  e.  Aug.  9,  '62,  m.o.  June  17,  '65.  as  sergt. 
Wilson  John'R.  e.  .\ug.  15.  '62,  «ilsd.  Sept.  10.  '63.  wounds. 
Wilson  Samuel  R.  e.  Aug.   15.  '63.  dlsif.  May   12.  '64.  to  .accept 
promotion  in  cobu'ed  troops. 

Recruits. 

Babcock  William  H.  e.  Dec.  30.  '63.  disd.  May  23.  '64.  ul>ab. 
Cr(jw  Henrv.  e.  Jan.  7.  '64.  trans,  to  130Lb  111.  Inf.  as  revd. 
CuTlt-r  Daniel  B.  e.  Dec.  26,  '63.  trans,  to  1.10th  111.  Inf.  as  revd. 
Cutler  James  H,  e.  Dec.  26,  '63,  trans,  to  130th  111.  Inf.  as  revd. 
Ciawford  James,  e.  Dec.  30.  '63.  disd.  .July  26.  '64.  disab. 
Cook  Darius  J.  e.  Feb.  13,  "65,  trans.  u>  130th  111.  Inf.  as  revd. 
Downard  Benj.  F.  e.  Jan.  4.  '64,  trans,  loiaotb  111.  Inf.  as  revd. 


384 


PEORIA   tOlNTV    WAR   ItEtOKD. 


Kiinert  Jn«^ph.  e  Jftn,  4,  '64.  IrmniL  to  ll^Oth  111.  Iiif  as  r^Td. 
I«>ckl>iiuni  Andrew  J.  e.  Nut.  i\.  'M.  trans,  lo  130Ui  111.  Inf.  u 

rrTil. 
Lyui-li  Thnmu.  r.  Jan.  5.  '64,  Irans.  to  13Ulh  111.  Inf.asrcTd. 
Martin  John.  r.  Dpc.  29.  '6^  trans  to  ISOlli  III.  Inf.  asrcTd. 
Smith  Janiea,  r.  Jan.  A.  '64.  trans,  tu  130  111.  Inf.  aa  revived. 
.Satton  lieonte  W.  v.  Jan.  11.  '64. 

COMPANY   H. 

Cnptaln. 
Joe  K.  ISIevlaon,  roto.  Jan.  16.  '63.  ui.  u.  ,lan.  13.  '69. 

LleoteiiHUta. 

First.  Charles  ('.  Trary.  cum.  Jan.  16.  '63.  in.  o.  at  t'unsul. 
Second,  Joe  K  8tcvl8on.  cum.  Jan.  16,  '63.  promoted. 

Prlvtttea. 

Blakeslee  Wllllaiu  W.  c.  Auk.  9,  '63.  m.  o.  Juir  10,  '65. 
Plshcr  Ellas.  >:  auk.  l:).  'eiS.  dl«cli.  Feb.  18.  '63. 
.^cevrnsun  Joe.  H.  e.  Aur.  5.  '6*.  pro.  totjuartermaster  acr. 
Tr,lcy  ('h.-irlcH  ('.  e.  .\UK.  6.  '62.  pro.  to  llrst  llcut. 


Kecriilts. 


>F. 


Harden  Alonzo  P.  e.  Mar.  14,  '60.  trans,  to  l.'iO  III.  Inf.  as  rev. 

COMPAXY  4'. 

Lleat«nantH. 

First.  Wni.  A.  WuiMlrulI,  cuin.  .Sciit.  S.  '6'^.  leslKUcdMar.  17.  '68. 

.S«ri;eaiita. 
Rornbacker  John  .S.  c.  Aug.  9,  '68.  disch.  Aug.  38.  '63.  wnds. 

CoriiornU. 

.Shepherd  .Albert,  e.  Aug.  ».  •6'i.  ni.  o.  July  10.  'Si. 

8e»cll  John,  e.  .\ng.  9.  '62.  m.  o.  July  10.  '65,  com.  3d  llcnt.  but 

not  in. 
Panon  Thomas .s.  e.  Aug.  9,  '63.  m.  o.  July  10,  ei. 

Wagroner. 

Mosea  Charles,  e.  Aug.  14.  '63,  m.  u.  July  10,  '65. 
Privates, 

Bennett  Robert,  e.  Aug.  14,  '63.  killed  at  VIck.sburK  May  23,  '68 
Bennett  William  N.  e.  Aug.  13,  '63,  m.  o.  ,lulv  10.  '65.  as  corn. 
Crow  James,  jr.  e  Auk.  1'2.  '62.  m.  u.  July  lO.  '65. 
Dunbar  John,  c,  Aug.  11.  '63.  diseh.  Jan.  16,  '64,  wound.s. 
Iluir  Dennis   i:  Aug.  9.  '63.  m.  o.  July  10.  '65. 
Hall  Edward,  e.  Aug.  11,  '6'2.  died  »1  .Memphis  Deo.  23.  '63. 
Llnlsay  James  A.  v.  Aug.  14.  '63.  in.o.  July  10,  '65. 
.Mccraeken  .lamis  It.  e.  Aug.  14.  '6'2.  in.u.  .July  lu.  '65. 
-Mcfarlriey  Philip  H.  e    Aug.  9.  '«'3.  dis.l.  Keh.  30.  '63.  disab. 
Pitcher  llenjamin,  e.  Aug.  19.  '63.  disd.  April  3.  '63.  <lls»b. 
PInk.rlun  JulLii  A.  e.  Aug.  T.  'e-,'.  m.u  July  10.  '65. 
Plnkert..n  Wllllatn  .M.  e.  Aug.  7.  '62.  m.o.  July  10.  '65. 
Wall.ice  Kdward.  e.  Aug.  11.  ■6'3.  died  Jan.  36,  '63. 
Wiley  John  P.  e.  Aug.  14.'62.  m.u.  July  10,  '65,  as  1st.  sergt.  com. 

as  capu  but  not  mustered. 
Wo<jdburii  Oeo.  M.  e.  Aug.  31,  '62,  ni.o.  July  10,  '85. 

CO.MPANY   D. 

l*rlvat«M. 
Hake  Frederick  W.  e.  .Vug.  9,  'ns,  m.o. June  15,  '65. 
.Stockton  David  B.  e.  Aug.  9.  '63,  m.o.  July  10,  'A5. 

Itecrult. 
Barney  Tompkin  C.  e.  Nov  16. '63.  Irans.  130ih  Ills.  Inf.  as  rnvd. 

CO.MPANY    K. 
Captain. 

Kdwln  Sleven^  com.  Hept.  3.  63,  trans,  as  consol. 

Kl«ut«nanl«. 

First.  Samuel  J.  Hmltli.  cum.  Sept.  3,  '63.  trans,  v.  cimsol. 
Second,  James  H.  Scbuebly,  com.  Sipl.  'J, '63,  dIsd.  .March,  28, '68. 
Second,  Henry  L.  Bushnell,  com.  .March  38,  '68,  trans,  aa  consol. 

S«rifeantii. 

Pint.  Dawsim  William,  e.  Aug.  5,  '63.  died  at  Memphis  Dec.  21, 

•62. 
Stllei  Oeorge  II.  e.  Aug.  14,  '63.  dIsd   April  10.  '63.  dIsab. 
Hrookl  William  J.  e.  Aug  9,  '63.  died  at  Uulncy.  Ills.  Jan.  8. '64. 
Slough  lliMiry  R  e.  Aug.  14.  '63.  mo.  June  17.  '65. 
Parr  Jainet.  e.  Aug    9.  '63.  m.o.  July  10.  '65.  com.  as  3d  I.leut. 

bu    not  mustered. 

t'nrporaU. 
Kushnell  Henry  L.  e.  ,\ug.  9,  '6.%,  pro.  1st  sergt.  then  3il  Lieut. 
Rlrharilson  Krasmus  D.  e.  Aug.  14. '62.  tllsd.  Sept.  4,  '68.  as  prl. 

dIsab. 
Morris  Wlls<m  I),  e.  Aug.  5,  '63.  deartd.  Sept.  19.  'n'2. 
Hobliis  llenjamin  F.  c.  Aug.  14.  '63.  died  at  Savannah.  (In.  pris. 

of  war. 
Hakes  Kills.  •■.  Aug.  7.  '62.  illsd.  Jan.  H.  63,  dIsab. 
Dnnlap  Anilrew  J.  e.  .Kiig.  4,  '62.  died  at  Jefferson  hki.  Feb.  28, 

'63. 
McKee  Davis  K.  e.  July  33.  '62.  dieal  May  21.  '63  of  wuunda. 
Pan  Henry,  e.  Aug.  14. '62.  coininltted  suicide  July  11, '63. 


Maalcimns. 

Allen  Daniel  B.  e.  Aug.  13.  '62.  pro.  to  principal  musician. 
Carroll  John  W.  e.  Aug.  7,  '62.  pro.  tu  musician. 

Waconer. 
Kencb  Louis  Z.  e.  Aug.  15.  '63.  m.o.  July  10,  '66. 
PrWalea. 

Ad.uii,  II<  til  \ .  e.  \UK.  12.  '6'J.  dIsd.  April  5.  '63,  disall. 
.\'l  t..  Auk.  6.  '6'2.  m.u.  July  10.  '65. 

Bi  M.  r.  .tug.  (•.  '63.  iu.u.  Julv  10.  '65. 

Ill  Iti.  e.  Aug.  13.  fi.  died  Jan.  7.  '68. 

Ill  .-.  Aug   12.  '62,  IU.U  Jul)  10.   65. 

II.  ■,  e.  Aug.  15.  '6'2.  m.o.  July  lO.  '65. 

11  P.  e   .Vug.  4.  '63    m.u  July  10. '65. 

<"..■■  J     f. .  m.u.  Julv  10.  "65  as  sergt. 

faiur  Lliailci  \V.  e.  .\ug.  9.  '63!  trans,  to  eo.  FOct.  1,  ■««. 
Collins  Juhn.e.  Aug.  15.  '61.  died  at  Mllllken's  Bend,  La.  May 

1')  'fi? 
(■,.,.■    ■  ■    .     Aug.  14.  '6'.'    ■         ■•  •        ■    -     ■•  •■ 

II,  .li.  e.  Aug,  ;  I.  '62. 

C  u.  e.  Aiik'.  -  ■'*■ 

fi,.  l:    .-     \ii.'    1'         ..  :.>»b. 

!•  •     '.-.;.  m.o.  .lulj  lu.  tji. 

n  '62.  m.u.  Julv  10.  '65. 

I)  ,  ;   m  n.  .Iiiiv  III,  'fri. 

¥.-.  March  IS.  '68. 

Y 

FI^Mi'i  .-.il.i'  »  .  e.  Aug.  14.  ^2.  »i  ".  Jul}  10.  OSascurpl. 
Fulturi  .lu^eph.  e,  Aug.  12.  't>3.  m.u.  ,lune  17.  '65. 
ttutting  l-'ic'lerlck.  e.  .\ug.  15.  '63,  m.u.  June  17.  '65. 
Oooilmau  Philip,  e.  Aug.  14.  '6'3.  dIsd.  Feb,  '63  illsab. 
HulTman  tiustavus.  e.  Aug.  14.  '63.  in  u.  ,lune  17.  "65. 
Hanierba.ktr.lulin  .s.  e  Aug.  .V  '6'3.  m.u.  June  17.  '65. 
HulchlM^un  Jaiui's.  e.  Aug.  6.  '63.  dlsd   June.  '63dlsak. 
James  liriiMvllle.  e.  Aug  22.   Iri.  disil.  May  :iO.   65  dIsab. 
Kinder  Ale x.iii.ler.  e   Aug.9. '62.  died  at  Mulille.  Ala.  Mar.ll.'68. 
Leitermaii  .lu<«eph.  e.  .\ug.  13,  '62.  m.u.  .luly  10.  '65. 
Loughman  .i..hu  11.  e.  Aug.  «.'C'2.  dls<l.  On.  19. '64  as  sergt.  dlsab. 
Mc.'^travic  .lames,  e.  Aug.  13.  '62.  died  Dec.  19,  63. 
Mcliee  William  II.  e.  Aug.  15.  '63.  m.u.  July  10.  '65. 
McGie  Ashford  H.  e.  Aug.  9.  '63.  m.o.  Julv  10.  '65  as  sergl. 
Miiiihlf  .lu».-l'h.  e.  Aug.  13.  '63.  m.i>.  June  17,  '65. 
MIII>.Pu>.iili  I.  e.  Aug.  11.  '62.  m.o.  June  17.  '65. 
.McDerniuil  Frances  .SI.  e.  .\ug.  6.  '62.  m.u.  July  10.  '65. 
Mclnlyre  Juhn  H.  e.  Aug.  11.  '62.  kid.  at  Ark  Pust  Jan.  11.  '68. 
NUou  Thomas  J.  e.  Aug.  7.  '62.  m.o.  Julv  10.  '65. 
.Nash  Ix  Kuy.  e.  Aug.  .5.  '62.  dlsd.  .Ian.  39.  '6S.  dlsab. 
Parr  HarrI-.,  e.  Aug   14.   63.  kid.  at  Vlcksburg  .May  19.  '63. 
Pierre  (.'harles.  e.  Aug.  9.  '6*2.  Irans.  tu  co.  F  tict-  1,  '63. 
Perrv  Samuel,  e.  Aug.  9.  '62.  m.o.  July  10.  '65, 
Kalh'liurn  Samuel  .\.  iv  Aug.  11.  '62.  m.o.  .luly  10,  '65, 
Reeven  Asa  H.  e.  Aug.  1'2.  '6'2.  m.o.  Julv  10.  '45. 
lUtcllir  Ulcharil  W.  a.  Aug.  13^  '63.  m.o.  July  10.  '65. 
RuseSulomun.  e.  Aug.  11.  '63.  desrtd.  July  IS.  '64. 
Rauille  Thoma.>  J.  e.  Aug.  14.  '6'.'.  dlsd.  Jan.  16.  '6S,  dlsab. 
RuL-ers  ll.iVld.''.  Aug.  1:!.  '62.  dls.l.  fur  dinab. 
Slnllh  Ollx  II.  e.  Aug.  6.  '6'2.  m.u.  Julv  10.  '65. 
Smith  Juhii  W.  e.  Aug.  6.  '62.  .lied  June  19.  '68.  wounds. 
Smith  Ju!.eph  A.  e.  Aug.  15.  '62.  m.u.  .Ma>  30.  '65. 
Steveii^uii  I'oHiner  .V.  e,  Aug.  \\  "63.  m  u.  July  10.  '65. 
Sumtiei-K  Kuliert  W.  e.  Aug.  9.  63.  m.u.  .luiie  1 1.  '65. 
.Sweet  James  .M.  e.  .\ug.  7.  "62.  m.o.  Julv  10.  '65. 
Sutton  Albert,  e.  .Vug   11.  '62.  m.u.  July  10.  '65 
Shipler  Smith  K.  e.  Aug  9.  '6'2.  m.u.  July  10.  '65. 
Thurston  tMieuey  W.  e.  Aug,  14,  '63,  m.o.  June  I",  '65. 
Vinson  Daniel  K.  e,  .vug.  7.  '62.  trans.  V.  R.  <'. 
W'doiI  .lohn  W.  e.  Aug.  9.  '62.  dlsd.  Uct.  1,  '63,  dlsab. 


White  Thoma 


I'rlvatea. 

.  e.  Aug.  14.  '63.  desrtd.  Jan.  1.  '64. 


White  Leonard  T.  e.  .Vug.  13.  '63.  m.u.  June  17,  '64,  as  sergt. 
Wiggins  Davlil  T.  e.  Aug   l.^  '62.  ille.l  U.ulsvllie,  Ky.  Nov.  !,•»». 
Watson  James,  e.  Aug.  21.  '62.  dlsd.  Jan.  28.  '68.  dlsab. 

Krcrulta. 

Ilabcock  James  W.  e.  Feb  24.  64.  Irans.  ISOIh  III.  Inf.  a«  revd. 
Dunaldson  Win.  e.  Feb.  2:1.  b.V  irans.  130th  III.  Inf.  as  revd. 
Iloughtallng  Jas.  e.  Feb  31.  US  Irans.  l.wth  III.  Inf.  as  revd. 

Hayes  Win.  H.  e. Irans   130th  111.  Inf.  as  revd 

Jenkins  Newlun.  e  Feb  33.  'B.V  Iraiis   ISOlh  III.  Inf.  aa  revd. 
Sargent  Henry,  e.  Feb.  84.  '65  tr»n^.  ISOIh  111.  Inf.  as  revd. 

« OMTANV   K. 
t'tililillil. 
William  \V.  Crandall.  com.  Sept.  3.  '62.  hon.  dlsd.  May  I*.  114 

ftorcMsnta. 
Wondeoek  Oliver  F.  ».  Aug.  !!3.  '63.  dlsd.  May  12.  '64. 
Conklln  Kndress  Me.  Aug  22.   62.  dl«d  Julv  29.  "64.  dl«ah 

Corporal*. 

Ilamrlck  l,ewis,  e    Aug.  32.  '62.  m  o.  June  17.  '65,  as  sarin. 
Ninth  James,  e.  Aug  ti.  '63,  desrtd.  Jan.  IB.  '68. 

.Mllalrltili. 
(Iraham  Mllehell.  e  Auk  32.  '63.  dlsd.  Julv  I.  '64. 

Privatra. 
Ilolamler  Frederick.*.  Aug.  32,  62.  died  at  Ark  i'usi  Jan.  lll'68 


PEORIA   COUNTY    U^AR   RKCORD 


385 


nurkman  .losoph,  e.  Aiir.  22,  '62.  m.o.  June  17  '65 

Rmh'l^l  n  n"„'  •■;  '^"Ki^-'i?-  <"^<'-  **<■"'■  30.  'B2,  minor. 
K  .^ ..,  14   ",  •,.'^-  -^'"^-  -2.   62.  nans,  to  co.  E  Oct.  i.  -62. 
^^„.'J'  "■;'''"  '  ■  *■■  .'^"K-  '5.  '62.  ilisd.   March  12.  '64. 
CrossnnJesse.  e.  .\iiK.  22. '62.  m.o.  June  17  '65 
Cook  John.  e.  Auk.  22,  '62.  trans,  to  co.  E  Oct.  I.  '62. 

n^/,.?'','',""'"\^'-  *■•  '^"«-  15'  '62.  desrtd.  Oct,  io"  '68. 
gor/in  John.  e.  Aug.  10.  '62.  ik-srt.l.  Oct.  10  '62 

S!!'^!"',,^'"',"'-'''  ■'■  f^-  --^"K-  "■  '•^■-'.  "istl.  Apr  1  iT'  '63  disal. 
mS'k"  l'''.iV  "-^"S-  --■  '•'-•  '''■^"d-  Sept  20. '62 
Mitchell  Allen  T.  e.  Auk.  22.  '62,  m.o.  .June  17,  '65. 
Norman  George  e.  Aug.  22,  '62,  m.o.  June  17  '65 
IK^V  •"'i'*."'  <*V,A"8-  2--  '«3.  m.o.  July  10.  '65 
IfJ,"^!"!;,'^''!""'  ^>  ■  "^^  -^"K-  --■  'S--'.  trani  to  co  E  Oct.  1   '6" 

w'?!.ht\vri  ,,',;,'■«     *■'■,--■  S'-V'',"'.''  "'  Memphis  Jan.  6,  '63. 

H'-^.  ^:  e'ru::2^'^|'„^'K-ns-''  ""•  '■  '«*• 

^V  lley  W  illKun.  e.  Aug.  5.  '62.  trans,  to  co.  C  Oct.  1.  '62. 
COMPANY  G. 
Captain. 

John  1).  Rouse,  com.  .Sept.  2,  '72,  trans,  as  consul. 

Lieutenants. 

Flr.st.  Chas.  Island,  com.  .Sept,  2.  '62  res    March  IQ   'K'! 

seconu.  Hiram  M.  Barney,  com.  March  28.  '63,  res.  Sept.  23.  '64. 
Sergeants. 

First  Barney  Hiram,  e.  July  32  '62  nro  to  s>rt  I  iont 

w^^f  ^ei;;^;e.^.=5:€:'/^Si  s^ ''"^' 

R;ads,"ifa"Aprl1-  8  '6^4. "'  •**•  ^''  '"«'^-  "W-  »'  Sabine  Cross 
Corporals. 

"S^- -^"?:  ^^f^S,°-^''kt.'?:JSE;Kl^,  '63, 

'^f  F "™"  ^-  ^-^'  ii?'i.-:i:^i.^tiicE^b;!;^  May 

Mukiicians. 

Privates. 

AlS?ic1?I,'e^/;,s«-.f-  l;',|;  >f2  '^^."a^fr'Iu'."'  2l^''^',  ^"^'^  1 

wounds  '  ^"S.  22.    63,    accidental 

B?;fSra-'franklin'"i^Al;;''?'  ^^;il  ^ieksburgMay  22,  SS. 
Beck  Daniel,' el'lu1,.ri.'';6'2,  ,'^ro'°jSne'lf  ''gj  '*'■  "'  ^^f"' 
""caT^;S''norm^u.^,i?|''"--''"'^10''«=   -  -^gt.  com.  to 

Rorn^Mt-V"'''  ''■  "^"S-  13,  ''62.  did  at  hOUlB 

22, '63.  ^    ^-    "•    '^"=-   15.    t>2-  l^ld.  at   Vicksburg   May 

Barouett  David,  e.  Aug.  18  '62    mo    li.lv  in  -kk 

con.  Charles  W.  e.  A^g.  l5,'''62:'dird' af  ^ou\t.'f 'i't.  La.  March 

'"•71,['^iTr  °-  "  '  ■"^-  ^^''b":  m  it'Sab^'ne  Cross  Roads 
Eaioii^William.  e.  Aug.  14,  '62,  died  at  Young's  Pt.  La.  Feb. 

Fill;^?^n^,?e^S«A^;g«!2''l|H  ''I^hfhnt- 

F  ower  Fayette,  e.  Aug.  14,  '62  desrtd  Not  3  '6a 
Gilbe^rt^Erastns.  e.  Au|.  li,  .6l.'dU"'fo?°wyre?^ived  at  Vicks- 

Hart  i)avi(l.  e.  Aug.  12.  '62,  d  ed  .May  22  '63   wils 

.[ones  Romeo  W.  e.  lug.  8  '62  desrtd    line  •!q''Kf 
John«,„^Frederlck    H.^"' A\tg:T2.%2:7,Lfat 'Memphis  Feb. 

&^f^i.V^-lu;-i^;-^^%!/',-„„„.,,,,,. 


Moore  Henry  P.  e.  Aug.  11.  '62.  tr.ms.  to  2rt  III.  cav.  Feb.  '65 
?>"'S°;i''^,^y,'."'''™'  '■■  '^"K-  10.  '6'i  m.o.  July  10.  '65. 
(nslott  William,  e.  Aug.  19.  '62.  disd.  Dec.  21.  '83.  wds 
Purcell  Jesse  J.  e.  Aug.  9,  '62.  m.o.  July  10.  '65. 
Roblson  Gaylord,  e.  Aug.  11.  '62.  m.o.  June  17.  '65 
Rogers- .Joseph,  e.  Aug.  15.  '62,  illsd.  Dec.  13,  '62,  disab. 
Swan  John.  .-.  Aug.  5.  '62  died  at  .St,  LouLs. 
shlMnu.|l  Daniel  W.  e.  Aug.  12.  '63.  m.o.  June  17,  '66. 
Shu    .loM.pi,.  e.  Aug.  I-,',  '62.  m.o.  July  10.  '65. 
s mil  .lolin,  e.  Aug.  12.  '62.  m.o.  July  10.  '6.5. 

■'';'.?  '.oo'"*''  ^-  ^"S-  '3.  '62,  died  at  MUliken's  Benrt.  La.  May 
lis.  o3. 
Slocuin  Joseph  W.  e.  -illg.  12,  '62,  m.o.  July  10   '65 
Stanton  Franklin,  e.  Aug.  13.  '62.  n:.o.  June  17,  '65. 
.smith  Francis,  e.  .\ug.  2^,  '62.  dropped  as  desrtd.  Dec.  12,  '63. 
Stockwell  Cyrus  H.  e.  Aug.  15,  '62.  died  at  New  Orleans,  June, 

64.  Wtls, 

w,"T!''!'""T,"'  «-.A''K-  13.  '6-2.  m.o.  July  10.  '65.  as  corpl. 

\\  ard  John  M.  e.  Aug.  5.  62.  desrtd.  Oct.  27.  '63. 

Wilson  Washington,  e.  Aug.  12.  '62,  dlsd.  April  7,  '63.  disab. 

Recruits. 

Bolen  Michael,  e  Feb.  20. '64.  trans,  to  130th  Ills.  Inf.  as  revived, 
rev-ived**'"^         *'       °'  '^'''  '''''•  '™"'*'  '"  '^""^  ^"'-  '"'•  ^^ 

Rl'{L',^'^'v•\l-'"'  <*■«■,•;»"•  Z1'  '64.  trans,  to  I30th  Ills.  Inf.  as  revived 
Gnswold  Francis  W.  ni.o.  July  10. 'K5.  .as  corpl 
Hunter  B.njamin  G.  e.  Nov.  5.  '63,  died  Baton  Rouge,  June.  '64. 
Hunter  Jo^pli.  e.  Nov.  11.  '63.  died  at  home.  Dec.  27  '64 

reit"  ^'■"''S«  ^^-  «•  Ja".  27.  '64.  trans,  to  130th  Ills.  Inf.  as 
Williams  Benjamin  F.  e.  Jan.  18.  '64,  trans,  to  130th  Ills.  Inf.  as 

COMPANY  H. 

Recruit. 

Knickerbocker  Jos.  H.  e.  Jan.  25.  '64.  m.o.  May  25,  '65. 

COMPANY  I. 

Captain. 

Wayne  O'Donald.  com.  Sept.  2,  '62,  m.o.  at  consolidation. 

LieutenantN. 

v\l^l'  f!},""  u-  jyagoner,  com.  Sept.  2.  '62.  res.  .March  17,  '62. 
P  rst,  .John  H.  Bno.  com.  March  17,  '63.  res.  June  22.  '6.3 

'^''a^s'lc?;M"li'S;n'\:';''^lP'63'*''  ■""■"-'"«"■  "»"•  <^>^- 
Second,  Joliii  H.  Enu,  ,Hin.  S.pt  2  '62  pro 
Second.  Geo.  \v.  Cone.  com.  .March  17',  •63,'pro. 

Serjeants. 
Eno  Imlo  L.  e.  Aug.  14.  '62.  disd.  March  12.  .63.  disab 
Cone  George  W.  e.  Aug.  14.  '62.  pro.  to  Q.ji.  sergt 
Lucas  George  L.  e.  Aug.  14. '63.  died  Cape  Girardeau,  June  25, 

""no?  nmstered."'  '^"*'  "'  ''^''  ""■  ■'""■  '"'  ''^'^-  '""^-  '^^^'P'-  *>"« 

Corporals. 
Bartholomew  Edwd.  F.  e.  Aug.  14, '62  disd  Feb  i  'fi-^  riisah 
Atherton  Bufus,  e.  Aug.  14.  'g2.  m.o.  June  i7"fi5.'  *'•*■""'"'• 
Plowman  Eli  H.  e.  Aug.  14,  '63.  m.o.  June  17.  '65 
Lee  Joseph  M.  e  Aug.  14.  '62.  m.o.  .Tuiy  10,  '65.  as  private 
Rose  John  J.  e.  Aug.  14.  '62.  disd,  Dec,  24,  '62,illsa) 
Willis  John,  e.  Aug  14.  -63.  ab.sent,  sick  at  m.o.  of  Regt. 
McMullen  .iphn.  e.  Aug.  14.  '62.  m.o.  July  10,  '65. 
Reed  Alfred  B.  e.  Aug.  14.  '62.  m.o.  July  10,  '65 

Musicians. 

Baker  Jaspers,  e.  Aug.  14,  '62,  disd.  .Jan.  11.  '63.  disab 
Snyder  Jacob  H.  e.  Aug.  14,  '62,  m.o.  July  id,  '65. 

Wagroner. 

Elsworth  Alonzo  G.  e.  Aug.  14.  '63.  dlsd.  Feb.  21,  '65,  disab. 

Privates. 
Aten  Austin  C.  e.  Aug.  18.  '63.  111.0.  Jnlv  10.  '65.  as  corpl  com. 
assecondlleutenant.  but  mil  mustered  101  pi.  com- 

Bevans  Le^yis  J.  Aug.  22.  '62,  m.o.  July  lo!  '65. 
Beeny  Frederick,  e.  Aug.  34. '62.  disd   Mavis  'B3  disab 
Bentley  William  H.  c.  .^ug.  14.  '62.  corpl  cVn.'liiC.SCT 
Brown  Is.aac.  e.  Aug.  15.  62.  m.o.  June  17.  '65.  '•  ^-  '• 

Biggs  John  T.  e.  Aug.  14.  '62.  m.o.  ,lune  6,  '65. 

r:'''"!,"  /"i"i  "•  ",•  '^"'5-.'f  .;''-•  "'*"'•  M''''^'"  27,  '63,  disab. 
Cook  Asa  A,  e.  Aug.  14, '62.  m.o.  June  17. '65. 
Cadwell.Jain.sD.  e.  Aug.  15.  '62.  m.o.  July  10.  '65. 
Cowley  Richard,  e.  Aug.  22.  '62.  m.n.  .Inne'lT  '6.5 
Darnell  George,  e.  Aug.  14.  '62.  died  at  l-,i.ri;i.  Ilis,  Sent  28  'B2 
Frisbie  Enos  e,  Aug,  1.5,  '62.  die.l  Millik.r.s  n.-nd.  M.a<'2   ''63 
Fisher  Jacob,  e.  Aug.  14.  '63.  die.l  at  Jlcniphis.  Dec.  30  '67l 
Fox  .Joel  J.  e   Aug.  14.  '62.  dis.l.  Pel,.  4.  'H.i  disab.  ' 

Fox  Hiram  Be.  Aug.  14.  '62.  disd.  Jan.  1.  '64.  disab. 
Fiirguson  «  H  lam  ft,  ,..  Am:.  14.  '62.  absent,  sick  at  m.o   Regt 
Glhbs  Ichabo.1  O.  e.  Aug.  14.  '63.  dUsd.  Oct.  29.  '62,  disab 
Hand  Lemuel,  c.  Aug.  15,  '62.  111,0.  July  10.  '65, 
Hyne  John,  e   Aug.  15.  'e'J,  kid.  at  Vicksburg.  M.ay  32  '63 
Hiiinphrey  Ell.  e.  Aug.  14.  '63.  kid.  Millken's  Bend  Anril  "7  '63 
uirni.,11  J.,s..|,l.   c.  Aug.  14.  '63.  .llsd.  July  35.  '63.  disab 
ligl....-H..Mi,.rll   ,-.  Aug.  14. '62  m.o,  Jnlv  10. '63. 
Haii.l  liiiiner,  c.  Aug.  14. '63,  ilieil  June  18,  '63. 
Iloriier  lienedlcl  M.  S.  e.  Aug.  15.  '63,  m.o.  July  10.  '65 
Jacobs  Thomas  F.  e.  Aug.  14.  '62,  dropped  as  Ueserier  Sept.3  '64 


386 


PEORIA   COUNTY    WAR   RECORD. 


Jonet  Bullrr  K.  r.  Aur.  U.  tt.  dirt  MrinphK  Mxrrh  4.  '6S. 

J»rni:...  Th re  r.  r.  Aug.  14.  •««,  Ulxl.  Jmn.  18.  '63.  dlsil). 

M''  •■.  Auk.  H. '62.  <ll.-<\  VcMitiK'«  Pt.  La.  Feb.  1S.'6.1 

M.  W.  p.  Auk    14.  •lis.  rn.ii.  .lulv  10. '65. 

>l.i  I     e    Auk.  W.   62.  Olsil.  .l:iM.  7. 'SS.  illsub. 

Murj.ln   i;i.  h.ir.l.  i-.  \uk.  -M.  'fiS,  d>«rl.l.  Si'pl.  14.  '62. 
Nuuu  .MIIIou.  e.  Auk.  il.  fia.  Ols.l.  .Marili  1.  'BS.  dlsab. 
Pix-  Jolm  W.  ,-.  Auk.  15.  '  64  dlsd.  .liili.  811,  'g:).  dlMili. 
r»in<-  (iarnll  I>.  i-   Auk.  14.  '62.  lu.o  .luly  10.  'liS. 
Rlchar.Nori  Williaiu  H.  «•.  .\UK.  15.  "62.  m.o.  July  10.  '65. 
RwkliiKni'liI  Si  .lul  H.  e.  .VuK.  14.  '62.  mo.  July  10.  '65. 
RorkluKnrld  rliyfs.s.  ,:  Kug.  15.  li','.  lu  o.  .luly  10. 'b5. 
R«dn.-lil  Frank  A.  e.  Auk   l.V  '62.  m  ...  .lulv  10.  'fiS. 
lUnilall  Jubii  .\.  e.  Auk.  15.'6'2.  died  at  Mllllken's  Bend,  La.  May 

28.  '63. 
Smllb  Lym.iu  H.  e.  auk.  14.  '62.  lu  n.  .lulv  10.  'fiS. 
Smllb  li--t,Ti!,-  s  e.  Auk.  14.  'f)2.  ill<d.  Ki-b.  21.  '88.  dlsah. 
Slimh  .M\  nili  I',  f.  Auk.  14.  'b'J.  lu.ii.  July  10.  '1..5. 
.Sraulan  Ui.li.rt.  o.  Aug.  -22.  '62.  disd   Feb.  6.  '63.  dlsah. 
Talen  William,  e.  Auk.  15.  '62.  illed  Mem|ilil<.  T.  Jan.  15.  '63, 
Wldner  Jidin  C.  !■.  auk.  14. '61.  disrid.  <><•!.  29. '62 
Warne  William  H.  r.  Auk.  15.  '6'2.  dl  il.  Oi-t.  30,  '63,  dlsab. 
Wllfy  L«'man  II.  e.  .\uk.  15.  '62.  pni.  prltirlnal  muBiclan. 
Wauon  Jacob  l>.  e.  .\uk.  14,  '6'2.  m.o.  July  10,  '66. 

R«cruUii. 

Illgelnw  Edward  K.  i-.  D.-c.  30.  '63.  trans.  130lh  Ills.  Inf.  asrevd. 
Cone  Wllllaiu  1).  e.  June  4.  '64.  trans,  to  ISOtli  Ills.  Inf.  as  revd. 
Jacobs  William  W.  e.  -,  m.o.  July  10.  '65. 
Murphy  Daniel  L.  e.  Uec.  '23.  '63.  trans.  13Uth  Ills.  Inf.  as  revd. 
rrati  William  W.  e.  Feb.  29.  '64.  trans  130tb  Ills.  Inf.  ns  revd. 
Whitehead  Wesley  J.  e.  Jan.  25. '64.  trans.  130tnlll9.  luf.asrevd. 

COMPANY   K. 

Captain. 

Flphralm  K.  Rviiearson,  com.  Sept.  2.  '62,  resigned  Oct.  21.  '6*2. 
William  K.  White,  cnni.  Oct.  21.  '6'2.  in.  o.  at  cousol. 

LleutenantH. 
First.  William  K.  White,  com.  .'Sept.  '2.  '62,  promoted. 
First,  .Sylvester  S.  Edwards,  com.  Oct.  21.  '62.  m.  o.  July  10,  '65. 
Second,  ."Sylvester  .S.  Kdwards.  com.  Sept.  *2,  '62.  promoted. 
Second.  >Iarcus  o.  Ilarkness.  com.  Oct.  21.  '62.  trausf.  at  consol. 

.Ser^eantri. 
First,  Harkness  Marcus  O.  e.  Aug.  13,  '62.  pro.  sec,  lleut.  ^ 
Holt  Survelus.  e.  Aug.  9.  '62.  m.  o.  June  17.  '65. 
YlliKer  John,  e,  Aug.  12.  '6'2.  m.  o.  Jul}  10,  '65.  com.  capt.   but 

not  m. 
Edwards  tieorKe,  e.  Aug.  7,  '62.  m.  o.  July  10,  '65  as  private. 
Brackelt   Harvey   K.   e.  Aug.  9.   '6*2.  pro.  dletl  at   .Morgans   L. 

Oct.  4.  '64. 

Corporal*. 
White  John.  e.  Aug.  8.  '62.  m.  o.  Mar.  19.  '85. 
Sbroder  Francis,  e.  Aug.  1'2.  '6'2.  m.  o.  July  10.  '65. 
Harper  .lohn  M.  e.  Auk.  II.  '62.  disch.  Mar.  23.  '63.  disali. 
Auri  lieiirge  W.  e.  AuK.  12.  '62.  m.  o.  July  10.  '65  as  private, 
t.'oulson  Eulee  E.  e.  Auk.  9.  '62.  In.  o.  July  10.  '65  as  private. 
Vied  .\ndrew  J.  e.  Auk.  H.  'ti2.  in.  o.  July  10.  '65. 
(ireen  Ojwell  ll.  e.  Auk.  14.  '6'2.  lu.  o.  July  10,  '65. 
Holt  Richard  M.  e.  Aug.  M.  '6'2.  serKt.  illed  nt  I'eorla.Oct.  5,  '64. 

.Hualolana. 

Slane  Daniel,  e.  Aug.  IS,  '62.  dIsch.  for  disability. 
Unea  Cbarlea  K.  e.  Aug.  11,  '6'2.  deserted  Oct.  38.  '82. 

WaBoner. 

Paalget  Clement  8.  e.  Aug.  22.  '8'2.  dIsch.  June  11,  '63,  diaab. 
Prlvatea. 

Ilerk  William,  e.  Aug.  8.  '6'2.  died  May  26.  '63.  wounds. 

Brown  Kll,  t:  Aug.  li.  '62.  m.  o.  .liilv  10.  '65. 

Brown  J.  llenrv,  e.  Aug.  I.'J.  '62.  killed  nt   Mansfield,  La.,  Apr. 

8.  '64. 
Brown  I'atrick,  e.  ,\UK.  7.  '6*2,  supposed  to  have  ileserted. 
Bohrens  Harry,  e.  Aug.  15,  '62,  died  at  .Mllllklns  Mend,  Ijl.  Apr. 

8.  '84. 
Camp  Jidiii.  e.  Aug.  8.  '82,  in.  o.  July  10,  '85. 
Cronun  Jidiii.  e.  Auk  9.  '6'2,  died  .luly  H.  '6.3.  wounds. 
Clayton  William,  i:  Auk.  12.  '112.  in.  o.  Julv  10.  '65. 
Donnelly  William,  e.  Auk.  22.  '6'2.  111.  o.  Jtily  10,  '65. 
DnmliauKh  trial.,  e.  Auk.  8.  '6'2.  discli.  June  30.  '63.  dlsab. 
Knders  John  .\.  e.  Aug.  8,  '62.  m.  u.  July  10.  '65. 
Frank  J.icob   e.  Auk.  16.    ni.  died. 

rireeiili.tlrli  ,lolin.  •-.  Aug.  12.  '62.  m.  o.  .Iiine  17  '85.  prls.  war. 
(Illioi.  Fri'.b'il.  k.  ■'.  Aug  V.   62.  m   ••.  JiiU"  17.   65. 
(irei  nouKb  K"K>T,  e    AUK    II.  '62.  irnnsf.  V.  K.  ('.  June  15,  '64. 
Iturlrrii  .\uilMuit.  e.  Auk.  12.  '62.  m    o.  .luly   10,  '65. 
Ha)  nt's  .lobn.  e.  .Viik.  1 1.  '62.  lo.  o.  June  17,  '(i5. 
Harper  William  S   e.  Aug  H.  '6'2.  m   •>   May  27.  '65. 
Holt  KIcliard  M.  n.  Auk.  8.  '8'2.  illscli.  Feb.  16.  '64.  dlsab. 
HarilliiK  Adam.  e.  .\uk.  13.  '62.  in.  o.  .luly  10.  '65. 
Hull  rii'UiKu  .1.  •'.  Aug.  8.  '62.  m.  o  June  17.  '65. 
llollli.if.w..rtl.  Warner,  e.  Aug.  9.  '6'2,  m.  o.  July  10.  '68. 
HoU!-   .....  ...    ,.   Aug.  11,  '82.  in.  o.  July  10.  '85. 

Ibl  \ng    17.  'B'J.  ni.i.  June  17. '85. 

Il'>  .'   Aug.  II.  '82    m. ...  June  17.  '65. 

Kn  -.  e.  Ai.K    II.   111.  Ill   "  July   II).  '65. 

Kll.,.    '      .,   iM    I.   Vuk-    In   '62.  kllleil  at  Ark.  Post    Jnn    II, '611. 
KliiK-le.t  ,lubn.  e    Aug   7. '62.  .Il^'b     Vpt    12    '61   ell.,  il. 
Klrkmau  iiamuel,  u.  Aug.  lA,  'U2.  m.  u.  ^  ..j  iu*  '0^ 


King  I^vl  H.  e.  Aug.  9.  '62.  m.  o.  .May  ii,  '65. 

King  William  W.  e.  Aug.  9.  "CS,  in.  u.  .May  SI,  °65. 

Klng>ley  Alonzo.  e.  ,%uk.  7.  '62.  dlsch.  Apr.  3.  *6S.  dlsab. 

Ijlfollell  John,  e.  .*UK.  9.  '62.  m  ...  Julv  10.  '65. 

L:if"lt..;i  .1;.,  Ml,,  e.  Auk-  11.  •^.',  ni  ■'  -In".-  17.  '65. 

L,  ..  e.  Auk- 9.   ..  :  l.  Oct.  21. '68. 

1.,.  ..  e.  Auk.  9     ■ 

I.  >  ...II.  e.  .\UK,  i  ■  ".  '85. 

M... ...  Aug.  II.  '1.^    .       ;iient.  at  in.a  RfVt- 

31. .11...  K.<  lirtnl.  e.  Aug.  12.   ti.i.  ni  o.  July  10,  '65. 

Moody  James  M.  e.  Auk.  9.  '62.  lu...  June  17.  '65  prls.  war. 

MerJtt  Joliii.  e.  Auk.  9.  di.  died  July  15.  '63. 

Meek  .\.n.lrew  J.  e.  Aug.  I'2.  '62.  disd.  March  26.  '63,  dlsab. 

Mulvanev  William,  e.  .VUK.  8.  '62.  kid.  at  Marksvllle,  La..  May 

16.  '64. 
Nelson  I'eler.  e.  Auk.  ^^  '62.  kl.l.  at  Ark  Post  Jan.  1 1.  63. 
Parnbsm  Charles,  e.  Auk.  13.  '62.  trans.  V.  R.  C.  Feb.  15.  '64. 
Perry  Henrj.  e.  Aug.  9.  '62.  in  ...  Jul;  10.  65. 
Powell  .Samuel  B.  e.  Aug.  1.3.  '62.  died  at  oak  Hill  April  7.  '64. 
Potts  Joseph,  e.  Auk.  11.  '6'2.  dl~l.  Manh  14.  '63.  dlsab. 
Prltchard  John.  e.  Aug.  16.  '6'J,  mo.  .Iul.\  10.  65. 
Ryneansou  Francis,  e.  Auk.  15.  '62.  m.o.  July  6.  '65. 
Bench  l.vinan  T.  e.  Auc.  11.  '62.  in  o.  .Inly  10.  '65. 
Race  William,  e.  .\UK.  8.  '62.  lu.j.  .luiie  17.  "65.  prls.  war. 
Rol..rt.  .I.ihn.  e.  .\uk   I'i  '6'2.  .lesrl.  I>i-c.  15.  '62. 
Sleelh  riiolnas.  e.  AUK   19.  '6'2.  lu.o.  .luly  10.  '85. 
Smith  tieorKe  W.  e.  .\UK.  15.  '82.  dls.l.  for  illsab. 
Sberwoo.l  Samuel  J.  e.  Aug.  8.  '82.  m.o.  July  10.  '65. 
Shepard  Ephralm   K.  e.   Aug.  9,  '62.  died  at  SL  Louis  July  IB. 

'64. 
Sharkey  Samuel,  e.  Aug.  22.  '62.  kl.l.  al  Vlcksl.urg  June  4.3.  '6S. 
Shorden  John,  e.  Aug.  8.  '62.  died  a!  New  Orleans  Oct.  '29,  '64. 
Shelbllng  August,  e.  Aug.  1.5.  '6'2.  .Ilsd.  March  26.  '63  dlsab. 
Throp  William,  e.  Auk.  U.  ■6'2.  dl.sd.  .March  23.  '63  dlsab, 
Tholn|.s..n  K..bert,  e.  Aug.  15.  '6'2.  disd.  Sept.  14.  '63  dlsab. 
Whale  or  While  Kd  P.  e.  Auk.  15.  '62.  m.o.  June  7.  '65.  prls.  war. 
Walker  Ausllii.  e.  .Vug.  13.  62.  ni....  July  10.   '65  as  corpl.,  com. 

as  1st  Lieut.  I. tit  not  miister.-.l. 
Walker  I'erry  S.  e.  Aug.  13.  '62.  .Ile.1  at  Peoria  0.|.  5.  '84. 
WboUtenhohm  John,  e.  Aug.  15.  '62.  m.o.  July  lU,  '65. 
Yerby  Joseph,  e.  Aug.  12,  '62.  m.o.  Jan.  17,  '65,  prit,  war. 

Keertllta. 
Archdale  George,  e.  Dec.  24.  '63.  trail,  t..  130th  Ills.  Inf.  as  revd. 

Caulson  Henry,  e. .  — .  m..i.  ,Iuly  10.  '65. 

Haines  J. din.  e.  Jan.  5.  '64.  trans,  to  130th  Ills.  Inf.  aa  revd. 
Ilamillon  J..rin  H.  e.  Dec.  3.  '83.  m.o.  Jan.  3.  '65. 
Halstea.l  Edward,  e.  — .  — .  m.o.  June  17.  '65.  pr  s.  war. 
Morris  Henry  S.  .  — .  m.o.  July  10.  '65,  as  corpl.  com.  aa  Jd 

Lieut,  but  not  musiere.l. 
Orr  lsa.ic.  e.  Jan.  25.  '64.  trans,  t.i  I30th  Ills.  Inf.  aa  revd. 
Parker  Thomas,  e.  April  7.  '84.  died  at  Ft.  Ualiiea.  Ala.  Sept  4. 

'64 
Powell   Lyman  J.  e.  Jan.  20.   '64,  trans,  to  130th  Ills.  Inf.  as 

revd. 
Rynearsim  Robert  J.  e.  Dee.  3.  '83.  trans,  to  130lh  Ills.  Inf.  as 

revd. 

Stevenson  William,  e. .  — .  dIsd.  Nov.  1.  '62  dlsab. 

'  Soniers  E.lwln  R.  e.  .Ian.  2.  '64.  trans,  to  130lh  Ills.  Inf.  as  revd. 
Thurston  Ueorge.  e.  Feb.  29.  '64.  trans,  lu  130th  Ilia  Int.  as  revd. 
Whulstenhohn  John  II.  .'.  April  5.  '64.  trans,  to  130th  Ills.  Inf. 

aa  revd. 

t'na»alir]ie<l  Kocriitta. 
Wilson  John.  e.  Man-h  1.  '65. 
Atkins  Itlchar.l.  e.  .March  1.  '65. 
Bun  Thomas,  e.  March  2.  '85. 
Bennett  .lames,  .-.  .Mar.-h  1.  '65. 
Brown  W  llllalu  II   e.  Feb.  26.  '64. 
C.iiincrs  Jain.'s.  .-.  March  2.  '65. 
Flaiinlgan  I'alrlck.  e.  .Sepu  9.  "64. 
Folz  William,  e. 
Orunman  rhauucey  W. 
Haley  .lames,  e.  Feb.  28. '65. 

Hurberl  J.il Feb  28.  '65. 

Hayes  Jidin.  e.  March  2.  '85. 

Hayes  William.  e.Jaii.  30.  '65. 

Kerr  Silas,  e    Feb.  24.  '85. 

Kelley  Daniel,  e.  March  2.  '85. 

KahllUK  Alfr.-.l.  e.  Feb.  27.  '65. 

Karmaiiy  H.-nrv  M. 

Miller  Jolin^e.  Vel..  28.  '65. 

McKlheiiry  llilgh  F.  e    March  14.  '85. 

McOr.i  .I..I..1   e  Jan.  1.3.  '64. 

M    y-  i.    nrv  P.  e.  Feb.  29.  '84. 

I  ..He. 

I-  II. 

V  V.  e,  Feb.  aa   '65. 

.Sow  .1.  II.  \\  iiiiam,  c  Jan.  SO,  'SS. 

Shurry  .l..hn.  ' 

Htewart  .Inhn  G. 

Saiiforil  l.4iuts. 

Wardsworth  Samuel. 


TTlli   liitaiitr\     <(  onsolitlatctli. 

4  oiniirl. 
David  P.  drier,  com.  Kept.  U.  '62.  pro.  brev.  Brig,  U«a.  March 
'85,  m.o.  July  ID.  '85. 

Major. 
Kilw  In  Stevens,  com.  Jul)  15,  '65.  not  muttered,  m.o.  aa  Capt. 
Jul)  lu,  '•&. 


PEORIA   COUNTY   WAR   REf'ORn. 


387 


Quarter  manter. 

David  McKinney.  com.  Sept.  12,  '62.  pro.  A.  Q.  M. 

COMPANY  E. 

Captain. 

Edwin  Stevens,  com.  Sept.  2.  '62,  pro.  Major. 

Lieutenant. 
First.  Samuel  J.  Smith,  com.  Sept.  2.  '62.  m.o.  July  10,  '65. 

Lieutenant. 
'Second.  Henry  L.  Bushut-ll.  com.  March  28.  '63.  lion.  disd.  June 
2.  '65. 

COMPANY  G. 

Captain. 

John  I>.  House,  com.  .Sept.  2.  '62,  trans,  to  130tli  reR. 

Lieutenant. 

First,  Henry  J.  Wymau.  com.  March  1,  '63,  m.o. 

C03IPANY   K. 

Lieutenant. 

Second.  Marcus  {).  Harkness.  com.  Oct.  21,  '62.  hon.  disd.  June 


82<l  lutantry. 


Ass.staut  Surgeon. 

First.  Emil  Brendil.  com.  Aug.  20.  '62,  res.  May  21.  '63. 

COMPANY   B. 

Lieutenant. 

First,  Charles  Lanzendorfer,  com.  March  12.  '63,  res.  April  22. 
63.  pro.  from  2d  Lieut. 

COMPANY  D. 

Captain. 

Rudolph  Mueller,  com.  Oct.  7.  '63.  m.o.  June  9,  '65. 

COMPANY  E. 

Lieutenant. 

First.  Rudolph  Mueller,  com.  Sept.  26,  "62,  pro.  capt.  co.  D. 

Corporals. 

Zimmermann  John,  e.  Aup.  9.  '62.  desrtd.  Nov.  7  '62 
Schwabe  Joseph,  e.  Aug.  11.  '62.  m.o.  iMay  31.  '65  wounds. 
Winterer  Sebastian,  e.  July  13.  *62.  desrtd.  July  10,  '63. 

Privates. 

Barlh  Jacob,  e.  Aug.  12.  '62.  disd.  Feb.  15.  '64. 

Borkhauser  Theodore,  e.  Aug.  9,  '62,  trans.  Inv.  Corps,  Jan.  15 

•64. 
Bevechle  Anton,  e.  Aug.  11.  '62.  kid.  Goldsboro.  N.  C.  March  25, 

'65. 
Dening  Henry,  e.  Aug.  13.  '62.  died  Fair  Bay,  Na.  Nov.  30  '62 
Diefenliach  John.  e.  Aug.  15,  '62.  m.o.  June"  9.  '65.  as  corpl. 
Geiger  Joseph,  e.  Aug.  15.  '62.  desrtd.  Sept.  28.  '63. 
Gelsser  Joim.  e.  Aug.  12. '62.  m.o.  June  9, '65.  as  musician 
Gingerich  Christian,  e.  Aug.  5.  "62.  m.o.  June  9,  '65. 
Goerges  Peter,  e.  Aug.  9,  '62.  ahs.  wd.  at  m.o.  of  regl. 
Kessier  Francis  J.  e.  Aug.  9. '62.  trans.  Iiiv.  Corps,  July  3  '63. 
Leuke  Ferdinand,  e.  .Vug.  8,  "62,  alis.  sick  at  m.o.  of  regt. 
May  Christian,  e.  Aug.  15.  '62.  disd.  Sept.  8.  '6-3.  wounds. 
Moorsberger  — .  e.  Aug.  14,  '62.  m.o.  June  9.  '65,  as  corpl. 
Munighnif  Theodore,  e.  Aug.  13,  '62,  m.o.  June  9,  '65.  as  corpl. 
Navy  Nicholas,  e.  Aug.  15,  '62.  died  Whiteside.  Tenn.  Mav  1.  '64. 
Nag.'le  Charles,  e.  Aug.  13.  '62,  disd.  Oct.  31,  '64.  disab.    " 
Otlenwalder  John.  e.  Aug.  13.  "62.  disd.  April  1,  '64,  disab. 
Pauly  Frederick,  e.  Aug.  9,  '62,  kid.  at  Chancellorville,  Va.  May 

Rittlialler  Michael,  e.  July  24,  '62.  m.o.  June  9.  '65. 
Schellkonh  Joseph,  e.  Aug.  9.  '62,  kid.  at  Chancellorville,  Va. 

May  2  '63. 
Schoner  William,  e.  Aug.  15,  '62.  died  at  Brooks  Sta.  Va.  June 

4,  '63,  wounds. 
Seiiker  Adolf,  e.  Aug.  U. '62,  disd.  July  28,  '64,  disab. 
Simmeiitii.icher  Adam.  e.  Aug.  6.  '62,  disd.  June  9.  '63.  disab. 
Stawitzky  Thomas,  e.  Aug.  4.  '62.  abs.  wd.  at  m.o.  of  regt. 
Walker  Conr:id.  e.  Aug.  4.  '62.  disd.  June  12,  '63.  disab. 
Wall  Nicholas,  e.  Aug.  4,  "62.  kid.  at  Peach  Tree  Creek.  Ga.  Julv 

20.  '64. 
Wetschell  John.  e.  Aug.  14.  '62,  desrtd.  July  4.  '63. 
Zimmerman  .Vndrew,  e.  Aug.  15.  *62,  trans,  to  V.K.C.  .April  24. 

'65. 

COMPANY  G. 

Musician. 

Werth  Theodore,  e.  Aug.  2.  '62,  trans,  toco.  K  t)ct.  24.  '62. 


Kiiaulf  Utioi'gi: 


CO.>IPANl    H. 

Privates. 

.  Aug.  7.  '62.  trans,  to  co.  K  Nov.  2,  '62. 


COMPANY   K. 

Privates. 

Blank  Victor,  e.  Aug.  5.  '62,  m.o.  June  9,  '65. 
Bischolf  Ferdinand,  e.  July  28.  '62.  disd.  March  27.  '63.  disab. 
Kuhn  Frederick,  e.  Aug.  13. '62,  desrtd.  Oct.  25.  '62. 
Kohler  Morand.  e.  Aug.  18,  '62,  m.o.  June  9,  '65. 


83d  Intantry. 

COMPANY  I. 

Recruit. 

Brown  James  W.  e.  March  22.  '65,  trans,  to  co.  I  61st  III.  Inf. 

UnaSNigned  Recruit. 

Hlggins  Patrick,  e.  Feb.  6.  '65.  rejected  by  Board. 


85th  Infantry. 

HISTORY. 

The  85th  Illinois  Infantry  Volunteers  was  organized  at  Peo- 
ria, 111.,  in  August.  1862.  by  Col.  Roberi  S.  Moore,  and  mustered 
into  service  Augu.<it  27.  1862. 

Ordered  to  Louisville.  Ky..  September  6.  1862.  and  assigned 
to  ■36th  brigade.  11th  division,  ;jd  army  corps.  Col.  D.  McCook 
comiiiandiiig  brigiide,  Britr.  Gen.  P.  H.  Sheridan  comnianding 
division  and  Major  Gen.  Gilbert  commanding  corps. 

The  85th  marched  in  pursuit  of  tiie  enemy  under  General 
Bragg' October  1,  1862.  and  was  engaged  in  the  battle  of  Cham- 
pion Hills  at  Perryville.  Ky..  October  8th,  and  moved  with  the 
army  to  Nashville.  Tenn..  arriving  Novemt)er  7.  1862. 

Regiment  mustered  out  June  5.  1865.  at  Washington,  D. 
C. ,  and  arrived  at  Camp  Butler,  111.,  June  11,  1865,  where 
they  received  final  payment  and  discharge. 

COiMPANY'  A. 

Private. 

Harrison  William  C.  e.  Aug.  10.  '63.  trans,  inv.  corps  Nov.  12, '63. 

COMPANY  C. 

Recruit. 

Dunn  Joseph,  c.  Sept.  1.'62.  kid.  at  Buzzard's  Roust  Gap.Ga.  Feb, 


'64. 


C031PANY  F. 


Corporals. 

O'Brien  John,  e.  June  16.  '62.  m.  o.  June  5.  '65.  as  sergt. 
Deford  George,  e.  June  21.  '62.  drowned  Oct.  19,  '63. 

Privates. 

Hamilton  Reuben,  e.  June  2.  "62.  m.o.  June  5.  '65- 

Hamilton  David,  e.  June  21. '62.  kid.  at  Jonesboro,  Ga.  Sept.  1,*64. 

Jones  Ed.  e.  June  21,  '62.  desrtd.  Dec.  13.  '62. 

Landers  Maurice,  e.  June  21.  "63,  <Iied  July  19.  '64,  wounds. 

Qiiinlan  William,  e.  June  21.  '62,  disd.  May  21,  '63- 

Wrestnour  Fitzhugh.  e.'June  16, '62,  trans,  to  inv.  cor.  Apr.  1.'65. 


Greteron  John,  e. 


Recruit. 
COMPANY   K. 


Privates- 
Burr  Nelson,  e.  Aug.  15,  '62.  trans,  inv.  corps  Sept.  1.  '63. 
Kelso  James  A.  e.  Aug.  15,  '62,  trans,  inv.  corps  Sept.  1.  '63 


86th    [nt*antr.\ . 

HISTORY. 

The  86th  Infantry  Illinois  Volunteers  was  organized  at  Peo- 
ria. III.,  in  August,  1862,  by  Col.  David  D.  Irons,  and  mustered 
in  August  27th. 

:\Ioved  for  Loviisville  and  camped  at  Jo  Hott.  on  tlie  Indiana 
side.  September  10,  1862.  Was  .issigned  to  36th  tnjpade.  Col, 
D.  McCook,  with  52d  Ohio  and  85lli  Illinois  and  125th  Illinois. 
11th  division.  Brig.  Gen.  V.  II.  Sheridan  commanding. 

Marched  from  camp  October  1st,  and  on  the  8th  was  en- 
gaged in  the  battle  nf  I*err\  \  ille.  Insiti^  one  kilh-d  and  fourteen 
wmuidt'd.  M"Vrd  tht-iici-  tn  ('r;il.  (>i.  haid  itiid  In  Na>.!iviile,  ar- 
riving Nnvfutlier  Ttb.  Snui!  afi.-r  ni..v.-.i  tn  Mill  Creek.  Re- 
turned lu  .Nashville  Dei-eniber  lOlli.  Mnved  to  lirentwoud  April 
8.  1863-  Returned  to  Nashville  June  3d.  On  the  30th  moved 
to  MurfreesI)oro.  Returned  July  I9tli.  Marched  August  20th 
via  Franklin  aiul  ('idnmbla  to  Huntsville.  .\la..  and  on  the  4th 
of  September  nia.rched  ti>  Cliatlanooga,  The  86th  was  here 
assigned  to  the  Reserve  coj  ps  under  Major  Gen.  Gordon  Gran- 
ger. 

Engaged  In  the  battle  of  Chickamanga  September  19th,  20th 
and  21st. 

Brigade  assigned  to  2d  division.  14tli  arinv  corps.  Moved 
into  Lookout  Valley  Otiober  29th.  In  llie  night  of  November 
23d  crossed  the  river  on  a  pontoon  and  camped  at  the  foot  of 
Missionary  Ridge.    Pursued  the  enemy  on  the  26th  to  Bingold 


388 


PEORIA   COUNTY   WAR   RECORD. 


an<l  WM  then  iirtlerrd  lo  Knwivtllr.  Tcnn.  MarrheO  »*  far  as 
Lmie  Tcnn*-»fte4>  rlvfr.  ant]  rrturnrtl  to  Chatuiiooffa  l>t<ceDib«r 
16th  utifr  a  nii>«t  s^Ter**  march. 

Waji  ffiKaK^I  »»n  th«»  r^riinnolwiaMcc  to  Biiriard  Boost  Gap 
near  I»ait.'ii,  K.-r.rii  »rv -21.  l«r,l  n^li'int;  the  enemy  two  ilmys. 
Lo^t  otii- Ml  <  M:irrli  6th  moved  to 

l..ee  atitl   <.  iietl  (irn.   Sherman's 

Army  at  f:  -     i  ut  HuzznrU's  Kooki, 

Mav   9th,   1 ..       :...    Mth  and  15th;  Korae, 

ITIh  — .>li  kihr.|  ami  el'orii  noumlcd.  Uallaa.  from  May  STih 
to  June  Sih;  Kerie»aw  Mountain,  from  June  lltb  toSTtb— loos- 
init  I  in  v;i:.-.i  .i-..\  «   nn.ii-ii. 

w  :  the  enemy  on   the  hanks  of  the  rhat- 

Mh  f  July;  at  reach  Tree  Creek  on  the  19lh. 

au'l  iiid  2'.!th. 

1  ■   ^,.  .;»•  of  Atlanta,  Col.  Dlllsworth  command- 

tnt;  i  .'  iten.  J.  1>.  Mor^anriimmadntni;  lllvlsinn  and 

Brt  .  .-ral  Jeff.    f.  I»avl!»  commanding  Corps.     Eu- 

K^ig  ■<  -•■I'l.  1-  . 

ritll  ^l  .Vlhens.  Ala.,  and  marched 
to  f  uTo.ss  the  Tennessee.     Moved  lo 

Ch.ii  .U»vlll'-.'Ala..KlnBston.andto  At- 

lanl.i,  ;iirn    !iK.N"w  .i    i.itti. 

fonun'Mned  the  ■•  Marcu  to  llie  Sea"  Nov.  16th.  .\rrlved  at 
Savann;>li  1>  cemlier  .'Ut.  Moved  January  -JO.  186J.  on  the 
eampalKo  of  the  f.-irollnas— llrevet  BrlR.  Gen.  B.  I>.  Fearing 
rorotnatitllni;  Brigade. 

Engaged  Iti  the  battle  of  Avery.sborn,  March  16th.  and  of 
Be  tonvlVle.  19th  and  aoth.  and  arrived  at  tioldsboro  March 
23rd.     .Marched  lo  Ilalclgh  April  loih. 

After  the  surreniler  of  .lolmson  inarched  rfd  Richmond  to 
Washington  rity.  at  w  hlch  place  wa.s  rau.stered  out  of  service 
June  6.  1H65.  by  Lieut.  Geo.  Scroggs  A.  C.  M..  and  ordered  to 
Chlcngo.  III.,  wliere  received  final  j>ay  and  discharge. 

Died,  killed  and  wounded  346.  Marched  3.S00  miles ;  by 
rail  2,000  miles. 

Colonel. 
David  D.  irons  com.  Aug.  27.  *62.  died  at  NashTllle,  Tenn.  .\ug. 

11.  -63. 

Llententtnt  Colonel. 
David  \V    Magee.  com.  \ug.  27,  '62,  res.  March  27.  '64. 

Majors. 
James  8.  Bean,  com.  Aug.  27.  '62.  res.  Dec.  26.  *62. 
Joseph  K.  Thomas,  com.  March  25,  '64,  m.o.  June  6,  '65. 

Adjutant. 

James  K.  I'rescott,  com.  Aug.  27.  "82.  res.  Dec.  26,  '62. 

QuHrtermHMter. 
('ban.  II.  Deane,  com.  Aug.  II,  '62.  pro.  by  President  .Ian.  26.  '64. 

Stirffeon. 
Mauena  H.  Hootoa,  com.  Aug.  27,  '62,  mo.  June  6.  '65. 

Aaalatant  SurKeona. 
First.  Israel  J.  Outh.  com.  July.  14.  '64.  mo.  June6.  '65. 
Second.  Israel  J.  Outh.  ci^ln.  Aug.  27.  '6'2.  pro. 

«'«>>ir.vNV  .v. 

U.  M.  ScFKeaiita. 
Adams  John  C.  e.  Aug.  4.  '62.  died  at  Nasbrllle.  Tenn.  Sept.  19, 

'63. 
Magee  Charles,  e.  Aug.  11,  '62.  m.n.  Juno  6.  '65. 

Prlvatra. 

Brown  Jaaper  A.e.  Aug.  2H.  '62.  disd.  Jan.  10.  'SSdIub. 

COMI'.VNV   II. 

Cor|>(iriili*. 
Bardim  Ueorge  W.  e.  Aug.  II,  '6-2.  mo.  Ji.ne6,  '65. 
Privates. 

Berdltn  Walter  I.  e.  Aug.  15,'n'2.  m.n.  Juno  24,  '65,  was  prls.wd. 
Brown  lUrvey  s.  e.  Aug.  13.  '62.  trans,  to  co.  C. 
Crouch  Ansel,  e.  Aug.  13.  '63.  tr  .ik   I"  ■  .i.  C. 

I.»e  Clirirles.  e     Aug.  I'i,   'ti'.'.   I  1,2. 

l.elnons  (ieorite,  e.  Aug.  13,    ■  '  o,  C 

Hhain  .loiin  W.  e.  Aug    13     '  "  <' 

Warren  James,  e.  Aug.  LVo:  i.ug.  Coriis  July  29.'64. 

Wallare  Alexander,  e.  Aug.  13.  ui.  tians.  torn.  C. 

COMPANY  C. 
Captain. 

Joseph  r. Thomas,  com.  Aug.  27.  '63.  pro.  Major, 
William  O.  McDonald,  com.  Match  2.V  '64,  m.o.  June  6,  '65. 

Lleiitennlita. 

First,  .lobn  II.  Ilachelder.  com.  An;- 


"  June  A, 
-    Feb.  1. 


-•(    mllNtered,  tu. 


Seiolld.  Iteubetl  II.  Ilerlie.  < i    A 

Hecofid,  Wllllnm  II    MrDoiinlil.  i'< 
Second,  Kdwtii  r.  .stillinaii,  tuln. 
o.  as  sergt.  J  une  0.  '05. 

Herffrania. 

Flr>:.  .McI sId  Wllllsiii  II.  e   Aug.  1 1, 'S2.  pio  to  2il  Lieut. 

IToelor  Alfreil  S   e.    Vug    13.  'ti2.  dixl    lo  accept   pro.    Isl    l.lelll 
111   a7lh  I'.S.  C.  1'.  Wd    Iwlce. 


.Sllllman    E<lwln  r.r.  Aug.  6.  •««.  m.o.  Jon*  6.  "SS.   as  I «t  sergt. 
com,  as  2d  LleuL  but  not  mostered. 

Corporala. 

Arn^wnrrli  William,  e.  Aug.  IS.  •«S.  dIsd.  March  18.  "M. 

MI  ■         -  e.  Aug.  9.  "62.  m.o.  June  6.  ••5. 

F  .  L.  e   Aug.  g.  1)2.    kid.    at    Kenesaw    MounulD 

.^.-..i.-  M.  e.  Aug.  S.  '62.  m.o.  June  ».  '65 


Ml 

Musician*. 
Brown  Al«l  W.  e.  Aug.  12.  '62.  ■Ils'l.  May  2S.  '»&. 
Swlgger  Benjamin,  e.  Aug.  '  " 


'62.  desnd.  Oct.  15.  •«2. 


Waconer. 

Boggs  John.  e.  Aug.  IS. '62.  dls<l.  Jan. '26.  '63. 
Privates. 

Beebe  William  J.  e   *•■  ■  ■■    '■  •  M'"  II. '65. 

Bowers  Joseph,  e.  .\'  .■  ^i ay  18, '63. 

BlandWmiamJ.  e    v  .•22.'«3. 

BlandJohii.  e.  Aug  s  .    >)3. 

Baldwin  William  J.  e    V.ii;    1 :,.   .,,'    1  -l.  Oct,  1.  '6S.  wounds. 
UellJohnH.e.  Aug.  11.  '62.  m.o.  June  6.  '65.  waa  prisoner. 
Bell  James,   e.   Aug.    II. '6'2.  died    In    Marshall    Co.    III.  June 

'20.  '65. 
Carver  Horace  C  e.  Aug.  13.  '62.  mo  June  6.  '65. 
Carter  Elbert  S.  e.  Aug.  12.  'Si.  dIsd.  Sept.  '64.  wounils. 
Clawson  Henry,  e.  Aug   11.  'ti'i.  dlsd.  Jan.  7.  "65.  wounds. 
ClarkCvrusC.  e.  Aug.  9. '62.   kid.  at  Kenesaw   Mountain  June 

27.  '64. 
Colwell  George  W.  e.  Aug.  12.  "62.  m.o.  June  6.  '65. 
Damon  Hiram  S.  e.  Aug.  13.  '82.  dlsd.  Feb.  27.  "88. 
Drav  Heiirv  S.  e.  Aug.  8.   (12^1^1.  Dec.  27.  '62. 

Donovan  >(lrliael.  e.  Aug.  *ri2.  ni.o.  June  6.  '65. 

Easton  William  1>.  e   Aug.  8.  'Hi.  dlsd.  Feb.  19.  '68. 

Furguson  James  ».  e.  Aug.  8.  '6'2.  dlsd.  Jan.  27.  '68. 

Flanders  Chauncey  H.  e.  Aug.  IS.  '62.  desrid.  ()cu  15.  '62. 

Gla/e  Isaac,  e.  Aug.  12.  '62.  lu.o.  June  6.  *65. 
Gallop  Itilph  I',  e.  Aug.  13.  '62.  in.o.  June  6.  '65.  wd. 

Hutchinson  Enoch  H.  e.  Aug.   IS.  '62.   died  at    Nashville   Jan. 
24.  '63. 

Hutchinson  John  M.e.  Aug.  11.  '62,  dlsd.  .May  18.  '63. 

Hunt  Isaac.e.  Aug.  8,  '6'2.  died  at  Nashville.  Tenn.    Dec.  26.  •»«. 

Harrington  John.  e.  Aug.  14.  '62.  dlsd.  Jan.  20.  '63. 

Jenkins  Albanus  U    e.  Aug.  1 'J, '62.    trans,    to    \.Rt.    .Nor. 
«8.  '63.  .         ,  ,.,. 

Jenkins  William  M.  e.  Aug.  11,  'S'i,  m.o.  June  6,  68. 

.Mason  John.  e.  Aug.  9,  '84,  dlsd.  Jan.  20.  '68. 

Marsh  Jiunes,  e.  Aug.  8.  '62.  m.o.  June  6.  ■6.V 

Maison  Mathew.  e.  Aug.  8.  '6'2.  dls.l.  March  5.  "SS. 

Nurs  llenrv  II.  e.  .Vug.  T.  '82.  ni.o.  June  8.  '65. 

Farsons  Abrahams  e.  Aug.  8.  '82.  divl.  Ih'c  2i.  '62. 

FuCman  Allen,  e.  Aug.  12. '65.  m.o  June  8. '65.  wd. 

Frlnllss    llenliimln,    e.    Aug.  7. '82.  kid.  at  kenesaw  Mountain 
June  28.  •64.  ,       ^ 

Root  Cyrus,  e.  Aug.  U,  '62.  m.o.  .Iui)e8,  '65.  as  corpl.  wd. 

Rutherforil  J.ic..h  J.  e.  Aug.  5.  '6'2.  dlsd.  June  12,  '88. 

RulberfiTd  Andrew  J.  e.  Aug.  5,  '8'J,  kid.  .11  Kenesaw  Monntalu 
.luiie  27.  '84. 

Roberts lames,  e.  Aug.  9.  '62.  m.o.  June  6.  '65. 

Slowell  Oscar,  e.  Aug.  ll.  82.  dl»<l.  Jan.  20,  '68. 

.sarver  J.icol..  e.  Aug  7.  •«2.  desrl.l.  oci.  15  'ni. 

.Sarver  John.  e.  Aug.  8.  82.  desrid  o.i.  15,  'li2. 

Saiig-r  A.lnaT.  e.  Aug.  11     b-J.  dls.l  Jan.  20.  "68. 

Sexlon  Fr<-<lerlck  U  e.  Aug.  11.  *8'2,  ni.o,  .lune  6.  *6*. 

Sel.l.rs  .lobn  B.  e  Aug.  5,  6-.'.  ni.o.  July  10.  '65.  as  corpl.  wd. 

.Selders  I  hoinaa  II.  e.  Aug.  18.  '62.  dlsd.  to  accept  1st  Lieut,  In  I 
.S.  col.  troops. 

SIrloIl  James,  e.  Aug.  IS.  'ft.  sergt.  kid.  at  Kenesaw   Mountain. 
June  27.  '84. 

.Stewart  .lobn.  e.  Aug.  18  '62.  m.o.  June  «.  '65. 

Stlllniaii  Vnson  r.  e.  Aug.  ».  "B'J.  ni.o.  June  6.  '65. 

.Sllllman  Sanlord  H.  e.  Aug.  8.  "82.  lu.o.  June  6.  '65. 

Thomas  John.  e.  Aug.  8.  '8'1,  trans   V.  K.  C  Seiil.  16.  '68. 

Troiell  Absalom,  e.  Aug.  1 1.  '82.  illsd.  Ocl.  8   '«•.". 

Tro\ell.  Wllllani,  e.  Aug   11    'iv.'  .Ilsri    Feb. '28. '83. 

Vliilng  William  II.  e.  .Vu>!    :  .lune  6. '65. 

Weblm.Ti  I  h:irles  F:  e,   Vu  March  18. '68. 

Wilson  l..iren  J.  e.  Aug.  1  i  "e  6.  '8,V 

Wilson  George  N.  e.  Aug.  i:.,     ■- Iune6.*65. 

Young  Charles  M.  e.  Aug.  1 1.  t-i,  ui.o.  June  6,  '85. 


Rrrrult*. 


Brown  Harvey  I.,  e.  —  It  i 
l.emon  George,  e.  — -  dle<i 

.Hliane  ,lobn  W.  e. ille.1 

Wallace  Alexander,  e.  - —  t 


:■'  '68 

iprll  7.  '«4 
.11.  '64.  wd 

.  |.s  July  29.  '6« 


COMI'ANY    U. 


Caiitaln, 

Frank  llltchrixk.  coin    Aug.  27.  '6'2.  m.o.  Juno  «,  '65. 

Lieutenant. 
Heciind,  William  II.  Hall,  com.  Aug  27.  °62.  res.  Jan.  II.  '88. 

Herseanl*. 
Johnson  AiimistusV.e.  Aug.  IS.  ■«2.  dlwl  at  Nashville,  Tenn" 

Dec.  22.  '82. 
Ilorlne.  Halnuel  V.  e    Aug.  14.  '68.  iu.i>.  June  «.  '85. 
Klefliiali  John,  e.  Aug.  11,  '8-2.  dlsd.  Dee.  15,  '62,  wd. 


PEORIA    OOUNTY    WAR    HEfonn. 


389 


Corporals. 

KUIot  Lemuel  It.  o.  AuR.  11.  Vi.  m.n.  .Iiine  6,  '65.  as  sergt. 
D.-lvlsCeorKO  R.e.  .\uk.  8,'63.  sergt.  kil  ;it  Keiiesiiw,  .riliie27,  '64. 
JoiH-^  K.ilHil  .M.  e.  Aun-  13.  'Hi.  ilisJ.  Miircll  17.  '6:).  us  sergt. 
Colli' Tli'iiil:!-^,  <-.  .Vug.  1-3.  '6-2.  |iriv;Ue,  died  at   Dalton.   .luiie  3.5 

'64.  woiiMils. 
Treelej  \ViMi:iin.  e.  .\ng.  13.  't)3.  ni.o.' June  6.  '65,  as  private. 
McKenney  .Alfred  M.  e.  Aug.  14,  '6S.  ni.i).  June  6.  '65.  as  sergt. 

W(l. 

Decker  John,  e.  Aug.  9,  '63.  died  at  Lebanon,  Ky.  March  1,  '63. 
Moore  Isaac  H.  e.  .\ug.  15.  '68.  disd.  Jan.  28.  '63. 

Musicians. 

-Luther  Frank  G.  e.  Aug.  14.  '62,  kd.  at  Peach  Tree  Creek,  Ga. 

•luly  19,  '64. 
Mci:arty  Richard,  e.  Aug.  8,  '68,  m.o.  June  6,  '65,  as  private. 

Wagon*;r, 

Johnson  Daniel  W.  e.  .Aug.  15,  '68.  m.o.  June  6,  '6.5. 

Privates. 

Anderson  David  H.  e.  Aug.  13.  '63.  m.o.  June  6,  '65. 

Arnold  William  B.  e.  Aug.  14,  '63,  disd.  Jan.  33,  '6.3,  to  e.  in 

Miss.  Marine  Brigade, 
lliekford  Leonard  B.  e.  .Aug.  11,  '68,  m.o.  June  6,  '65,  as  sergt. 
liuhanan  James  W.  e.  Aug.  11, '63,  in.o,  July  88,  '65,  as  corul. 

was  iiris.  ^ 

Boshwiek  William  E.  e.  Aug.  14.  '63,  disd.  Jan.  38,  '63. 
'**"o".'i'i  R'^'hliarl,  e.  Aug.  11,  '6-3,  died  at  Nashville,  Tenn.  July 

0,  63. 

Beal  George,  e.  Aug.  II.  '63.  died  at  Nashville.  Nov.  39,  '(i8 

Bennett  William,  e.  July  31. '63.  tians.  toon.  H. 

Crane  Asa  F.  e.  Aug.  l:i.  '63.  kid.  at  Rome.  Ga.  May  17,  '64. 

Conrad  Ezra  K.  e.  Aug.  9.  '63.  m.o.  June  6.  '65.  as  sergt. 

Conrad  Ellas  H.  e.  Aug.  11,  '63.  m.o.  June  6.  '65. 

Cobb  Daniel,  e.  Aug,  11,  '63.  m.o.  June  6  '65,  as  corpl. 

Cramer  .Arthur,  e.  .Aug.  14.  '63.  died  Gallatin,  Tenn.  Dec.  87.  '62 

Champ  Vicf.r  R.  e.  Aug.  14,  '68,  disd.  Jan.  31,  '6-->.  to  enlist  in 

tin-  .Mis,,  marine  brigade. 
DullicM  William,  e.  Aug.  11.  '62,  died  Nashville.  .Aug.  8, '64, wds. 

Dillaplaiiie  Ji.iin  W.  e.  Aug.  12,  '63,  m.o.  June  6,  '65 

Dailey  Henry,  e.  July  30,  '63,  trans,  to  co.  H. 

Frank  Jesse,  e.  .Aug.  11, '63.  m.o.  June  6,  '65.  wd. 

Greenhalgh  Richard  W.  e.  Aug.  13.'62.  m.o.  June  6, '65.  twice  wd. 

Gi-egory  .l.ihii  t .  e.  Aug.  15,  '63,  m.o.  June  b.  '65. 

Graham  Al.i  am  s.  e.  Aug.  11,  '63.  died  .Nashville.  Feb  84  '63 

Graham  Williain  e.  Aug.  15.  '63.  disd.  Feb.  18.  '65.  as  corpl.  wd. 

Hart  John  \\ .  e.  July  34,  '63.  trans,  to  lo.  H. 

Hartlnan  Ileary.  e.  Aug.  8,  '62,  m.o.  June  6.  '65. 

Hartman  Christopher,  e.  Aug.  8.  '62.  m.o.  June  6,  '65,  wd. 

Kingou  Perry,  e.  Aug.  11.  '63.  m.o.  June  6.  '65. 

Kennedy  William  .S.  e.  Aug.  l4,  '63.  m.o.  June  6,  '65.  as  corpl. 

Krouse  .Martin,  e.  .Aug.  14.  '63,  m.o.  June  6,  '65. 

Krouse  John.  e.  Aug.  9.  '63.  trans,  to  Eng.  Corps,  July  29  '64 

Kingon  John,  e.  .Aug.  9.  '63.  disd.  Feb.  24.  '63 

Krlbhler  John,  e.  Aug.  13.  '63,  kid.  Kenesaw  Mt.  June  37,  '64 

KImsey  Joel  L.  e.  Aug.  14,  '63.  m.o.  June  6.  '65.  as  corpl 

Love  Samuel  I),  e.  Aug.  14.  '63,  m.o.  June  6,  '65,  .as  corpl. 

Lee  -VVilliam  D.  e.  Aug.  11.  '6'3.  disd.  Mai-ch  30.  '63.  as  sergt. 

Long  Thomas  M.  e.  Aug.  11,  '63.  m.o.  June  6,  ■63. 

Lobaugh  Abraham,  e.  .\ug.  15.  '63.  iu.o.  June  13,  '65. 

Moore  Irancis  R.e.  Aug.  15.  '68,  kid.  Rome,  Ga.  May  17  '64. 

Magee  Charles,  e.  Aug.  11.  '63.  pr  •.  to  Q.  M.  sergt. 

McCoy  Thomas,  e.  .Aug.  15.  '63,  m.o.  June  6,  '65.  as  corpl. 

.Miller  .Samuel,  e.  Aug.  8.  62.  trans,  to  V.R.C.  April  30, '64. 

Mc.Manus  James  J.  e.  Aug.  14.  '63,  m.o.  June  6  65.  wd. 

Morris  James  K.  e.  Aug.  11, '63,  m.o.  June  6.  '65,  as  corpl.  wd. 

Miller  George,  e.  Aug.  11.  '63.  m.o.  June  6.  '65. 

McCoy  Leroy  s.  e.  Aug.  11,  '62,  kid.  at  Peach  Tree  Creek.  Ga. 

July  19. '64. 
Memeyer  William  F.  e.  Aug.  11,  '63,  m.o.  June  6.  '6.5.  wd. 
Palmer  Rosaloo.  e.  Aug.  14,  '62,  di.sd.  Jan.  14,  '63 
Pnstoii  .Martin,  e.  Aug.  11,  '6-3.  m.o.  June  6,  '65. 
Rool  .Merritt  Royal,  e.  Aug.  9,  '63.  trans.  Eug.  Corp.s.  July  39,'64. 
Kichardson  William  M.  e.  Aug.  14.  '63,  di.sd.  March  11,  ■'63. 
htotfer  Alva.  e.  Aug.  11,  '62.  disd.  Fi-br.  34.  '63. 
Thatcher  Jaeob  B.  e.  .Aug.  14.  '63.  disd.  ."May  30   '64 
layior  Cliai  les  E.  e.  .Aug.  8,  '63.  m.o.  .Iune'6,  '65,  .as  corpl. 
Taggart  Robert,  e.  Aug.  11.  '6-3.  m.o.  June  6.  '65.  as  corpl. 
W  escott  Charlton,  e.  Aug.  8,  '63.  died  Gallatin,  Tenn.  Dec.  27.  '62. 
Williamson  .John,  e.  Aug.  13.  '63.  disd.  March  7,  '65,  wounds. 
Wrlgley  JVilliam  E.  e.  Au^.  11.  '63.  di.sii.  Jan.  6,  '63. 
Wescnit  Horatio,  e.  Aug.  8.  '63.  m.o.  June  6.  '65.  wd. 
\\  illiaiiisoii  .li.seph.  e.  .Aug.  11.  '63.  m.o.  June  6.  '65. 
\\  rig li-i  .los,  ph.  e.  Aug.  11,  '62,  disd.  .March  7.  '65.  as  corpl.  wd. 
};t'}""  ^A.",'.'""'  ^-  -*"S-  11.  '63,  corpl.  trails.  V.R.C.  Aug.  20.  '63. 

' '  ,   ,','.„^^  illiain  E.  e.  Aug.  1.5,  '62,  sergt.  died,  at  Nashville,  Jan. 

1,  63. 

Young  William  M.  e.  Aug.  11,  '62,  disd.  March  16,  '63. 

Recruits. 

Fry  William  F.  M.  e. m.o.  ,Iune  6.  '65. 

!■  lank  Henry,  e.  Dec.  39.  '63.  trans,  to  Co.  G  34th  111.  inf. 
Hallmeyer  Joseph,  e.  Dec.  16,  '63,  trans,  toco.  G  34th  111.  Ins. 
Keniple  Charles  B.  e.  Dec.  29.  '63,  di.sd.  June  17.  '65,  wounds. 
Preston  Johij  K.  e.  Dec.  29.  '63,  trans,  to  co.  G  34th  111.  Inf. 
Preston  David,  e.  Feb.  23.  '63,  tiaiis  to  co.  G  34th  111,  Inf. 
\\  alker  BenJ.  F.  e.  Jan.  2.  '68.  trans,  to  co.  G  34th  111.  inf. 

COMP.4NY  E. 

Cai>tain. 

Frederick  A.  Woldorf,  com.  Dec.  36.  '63,  res.  June  18,  '63. 


.Sergreants. 

Waldorf  Frederick  A.  e.  Aug.  13,  '63,  pro.  to  Oapt. 

Murray  Irani,  e.  .Aug.  13.  '63.  died  Chattanooga  July  4.  '64,  wd. 

Privates. 

Ghert  Ambrose,  e.  Aug.  13.  '63,  m.o.  June  6,  '65. 
(iraliam  John,  e.  .Aug.  13.  '62,  kid.  at  Uoiue.  Ga.  .May  17,  '64. 
.Malloii  James,  e.  Aug.  13,  '68,  died  ,at  Nashville  Dec,  88,  '62. 
.SiimnerThomas  J.  e.  Aug.  15.  m.o.  June  6,  '65. 

Recruits. 

Anderson  Joseph,  e.  Jan.  30,  '65,  trans,  to  co.  K  34th  111.  inf. 
Bridegroom  Julius,  e.  Jan.  19,  '64,  alisent  wd.  at  m.o.  regt 

Sumner  Antliony  W.  e. died  at  Nashville,  Tenn.  Feb.  12  '63 

Smith  UenJ.  F.  e.  Jan.  19,  '64,  died  Quincy,  111.  Dec.  36,  '64, 'wd. 

COMPANY  G. 

Private. 

Upshaw  Thom.as  J.  e  Aug.  23,  '62,  m.o.  June  6,  '65,  wd. 
Recruits. 

Cain  David  L.  e. trans,  to  V.  R.  C.  Oct.  18.  '63. 

HIndbaugh  Philip,  e.  Jan.  4.  '64.  trans,  to  co.  C  34th  111.  Inf. 
Sandern  Charles,  e.  Jan.  2,  '64,  vet.  rec.  trans,  co.  C  34th  III.  Inf. 

COMPANY  H. 

Captain. 

John  H.  Hall,  com.  Aug.  27,  '62,  m.o.  June  6,  '65. 

Lieutenants. 

First,  Edwin  E.  Peters,  com.  Aug.  37,  '62.  res.  July  12.  '63 
.Second.  Davilla  W.  Merwiii,  com.  Aug.  87,   '63.  Uls.  disd." Nov. 

21.  '63. 
Second,  John  H.  Henderson,  com.  June  12,  '65,  not  m    m  o  (as 

sergt.  J  June  6,  '65. 

^sergeants. 

Henderson.  John  H.  e.  July  8,  '63,  m.o.  June  6.  '65,  as  1st  sergt 
Murdock  Mathew,  e.  July  31,  '63,  m.o.  June  6,  '65  as  private 
Adams  John  C.  e.  .Vug.  4,  '63.  pro.  to  quar.  sergt. 

Corporals. 

Keener  Wm.  T.  e.  Aug.  5.  '62,  sergt.  trans.  V.R.C.  June  3,'65,wd 
Stewart  Wm.  C.  e.  Aug.  11. '62.  m.o.  J  uiie  6, '65,  as  sergt 
Haley,  Jonathan,  e.  Aiig.  1.  '63.  dis.  Jan.  19,  '63,  disab. 
Geerliug  John  T.  e.  Aug.  16,  '6'3,  m.o.  June  6,  '65,  as  private. 

Musician. 

Martin  Salem  E.  e.  Aug.  1,  '63,  dls.  April  32,  '63,  disab. 


Farnswortli  (ieorge,  e. 


Wagoner. 

July  19,  '62,  m.o.  June  6,  '65. 


Privates. 

Anthony  Jacob,  e.  Aug.  6.  '62.  m.o.  June  6,  '65. 

Alger  Josiah  J.  e.  Aug.  11, '68,  sergt.  kid.  at  Peach  Creek,  Ga 

July  80. '64. 
Buck  Wm.  e.  July  18.  '62,  disd.  March  5.  '63,  disab 
Buck  Millar,  e.  July  18,  '62,  disd.  Marcli  19  '63,  ai.sab 
Bremer  Joiiu,  e.  .Aug.  1,  '63,  m.o.  June  6,  '65. 
Blackwell  Thomas,  e.  July  31.  '62.  m.o.  June  16,  '65  wd 
lieaseiuore  K..l.erl  G^  e  .III I y  29,  '62,   disd.  March  30,  '63,  disab. 
Bliiiidel  William,  e.  .Inly  3b.  '62.  trans,  to  navy  May  6,  '64 
Brings  William,  e.  .luly  JJ.  '63,  m.o.  June  6,  '65. 
Cole  Oliver  W.  e.  Aug.  6.  '63,  m.o.  June  6.  '65. 
Cam  David  L.  e.  July  28,  '63,  trans,  to  co.G.  Sept.  6,  '63  as  mu- 
sician. 
Claver  David,  e.  Aug.  13.  '6'2,  disd.  Dec.  28,  '62,  disab. 
Church  Andrew  G.  e.  Aug.  13,  '63.  m.o.  June  6.  '65. 
Charles  H.  Charles,  e.  Aug.  37,  '63,  disd.  Dec.  88,  '63,  disab 
Dolan  John,  e.  July  31,  '63,  died  at  Chicamaugua  Dec.  23  '63 
Edwards  Evan.  e.  Aug.  1,  '63,  m.o.  June  6.  '65. 
Ewlug  John  W.  H.  e.  Aug.  4,  '6'3,  trans,  to  Eiig.corpsJuu.29  '64 
Flick  Erwin,  e.  July  8,  '63,  lu.  o.  June  6,  '65. 
Foster  Robert,  e.  Aug.  6,  '63.  m.  o.  June  10.  '65  as  Corp.  wd 
Fullerton  James,  e.  Aug.  3.  '63,  m.  o.  June  6.  '65 
Fuller  George,  e.  Aug.  6.  '62.  trans,  to  Eng.  corps  Aug.  4  '64 
Flagler  John  W.  e.  July  31.  '63.  disd.  Apr.  33.  '63,  disab 
Fasliilt  Hyroii  O.  e.  Aug.  4,  '62,  died  at  Chattanooga  of  wounds 

i.reivt-d  at  Buzzard  Roost,  (ia.  Feb.  3.5,  '64. 
Fasliilt  l.\  man  W.  e.  Aug.  13.  '63.  m.  o.  June  6.  '65,  wounded 
Gasney  William,  e.  .Aug.  6.  '63,  m.  o.  June  6.  '65  as  sergt 
Hackan  Sebalt,  e.  July  19,  '62,  m.  o.  June  6,  '66. 
Jayne  Jacob,  e.  Aug.  2,  '62.  m.  o.  June  6,  '65.  wd. 
Kellogg  Lewis  F.  e.  Aug.  5.  '62,  m.  o.  June  6.  '65. 
Kcllci.gg  William  P.  e.  .July  18.  '63.  ui.  o.  June  6,  '65. 
Keark  Daniel  C.  e.  Aug.  2,  '62,  m.  o.  June  24.  "65.  prls   war 
KriigiT  Kilward  H.  e.  Aug.  11.  '68,  m.  o.  June  6. '65  as  corp!  wd. 
Kilver  Henry  J.  e.  Aug.  13,  '63,  ni.  o.  June  23.    65,  wd 
Ley  William  L.  e.  Aug.  15.  '63,  m.  o.  June  6,  '6.5. 
Mason  Kb  haul.  e.  Aug.  7.  '62.  disd.  Jan.  21,  '63,  dl.sab. 
Magliiley  William  A.  e.  .Aug.  1.  '68.  m.  o.  June  6.  '65  as  corn 
.McFarlaud  James  A.  e.  July  18.  '6'3,  in.  o.  June  6  '65 
.McCouiiell  Robert  A.  e.  Aug.  g,  '6'3.  died  at  Gallallii,  Tenn.  Dec. 

30,  '63. 
.McKoiie  John.  e.  Aug.  13.  '63,  m.  o.  June  6.  '65. 
McMabaii  S\  Ivester,  e.  Aug.  14.  '62.  m.  o.  June  fi,  '65  as  sergt 
M.iiie  rhai  i,s.  e.  Aug.  11,  '62,  see  Co.  D.  " 

Nowlon  William  W.  e.  Aug.  5,  '68,  ui.  o.  June  6,  '65  wU 
Ohurgh  Francis  V.  e.  Aug.  5,  '6'3,  m.  o.  June  6,  '65. 


390 


PEORIA   (  OINTY    WAR    IlEfORn. 


riac-  Kiiirrutn,  f.  Auk.  S.  '6i,  m.  o.  .lon>-  g,  "es. 
riar**  .I-'hM  \.  »•    Aiiff,  T.  'ft'i   m.  •».  Jiiiih4.  'b5. 

Pflt-r-  ^-   ' —   ^^    ■     »■'■•    •'    ■' 'Mitf  21. '65.  waj*  prl?«. 

It.«,  ■,,•). 

Kf-   ;  \  lllf,  T«*lin.  .\pr.8.*tt3. 

Karii-  -  '1   IMllTllle.   Ky. -N'JV. 

19.  '!.^ 
Stone  Ely.  e.  Au(t.  2.  'BS.  Iniii».  lo  V.K.C.  S*pt.  I.  '63. 
Smock  n'lllllllii.  ■•  .'iilv  so.  '•*•;   in  o  .liirio  8.  '65.  ' 

S'-tilrlKli  .lulin  .1         .      .    •     ...      I     1...    1    '63.  illsal). 
SJorii'ii  (ii"ri!i-  '65.  I 

Scolt  Jillllr...  r,    V  '.  _  I 


Shariil k  Willi 

«8.  '«•-• 


sashTllle,  Tenii.  I)er. 


Vannatirn  Kmenion.  r.  Aug.  8.  '62,  in.".  June  8.  '85.  wils. 
WayiK'  Uaar  L.  e.  Aug.  8.  'ni.  •Ilml.  J.iii.  20,  '83,  aiub. 
Waviii-  S:iniui>l.  e.  Aug.  6.  '62.  <II«U.  Dec  23.  '8'2.  lllsab. 
Wallai'v  <liarli-»,  v.  .\nK.  8.  '62.  ui.o.  June  6.  '65. 
Wllklnn.lulin  J.r.  Aug    \i.  '62.  illsd.  furpru.  asasstsur.  In  14Ili 

111.  .;iv. 
/.Inimerinan  Ji-vse.  v.  Aug.  6.  '62.  klllert  al  Kentsaw  Mt.  .lune 

27.  '64. 

.  BecrnltM. 
Bennett  Wllllim.  dlwl.  Keli.  25.  '84,  dtsali. 
l*arle>'  llfiir).  in.u.  Jnnt-  6.  65. 
Moure  Ueurge  M.  w.i>.  June  8,  '85. 

COMPANY  I. 

Coriiiirals. 

Luva  riiumaj  J.  p.  Aug.  8.  '6'2.  ni.u.  .lune  6.  '85  as  sergt. 
Parker  William  1'.  e.  Aug.  9,  '62,  dlnil.  Nur.  28,  '62. 

I*rlTat«8. 

Clark  Willlaiu  L.  e.  Aug  9,  '82,  <li»I.  Uec  28,  '8'2,  wda. 

Clark  John,  e    .vug  9.  '62.  in.o.  Ji 8.  '85  a>  eorbl. 

JuTle^  Kran.  I»  M.  e.  Aug.  14.  '62.  in.i>.  Jul)  17.  '65.  was  |>rl».  wU. 

Leina.ster  l?.;iiu*,  e.  .Vng.  9,  '62,  in.i».  ,lun«'  6,  '65. 

LInilenljerger  Kmal  K.  O.  e.  Aug.  9,  '6'2,  trans,  to  V.R.C.  Dec.  6, 

'64. 
Slick  Ezra,  v.  Aug.  9,  '8'2,  kid. Cnliainauga,  Sept.  20,  '63. 
Sill  William  r.  J.  e.  Aug.  '22.  'B-J.  ni.o  .June  fi.  'b5. 
Sill  Ueorge  I).  <-.  Aug.  14.  '62.  in.o.  .lune  6.  '65,  wounded. 
SMI  I<a:i<-  .M.  e.  Aug.  15,  "62.  Ul»d.  Fell.  2.  '63.  dlsali. 
Tbuinas  l>avlil,  e.  .\ug.  1'2,  '62,  disd.  Feb.  3,  '63,  disab. 

KecriiltH. 

Cromwell  J«>lin,  e.  I>er.  2.S.  '63.  dIsd.  .Nov.  II, '84.  wounds. 
Green  Andrew  S.  e.  Dec.  28,  '63,  vet.  rec.  trans,  to  CO.  1,  34th  ills. 

inf. 
Olasarord  Jobii.  e.  Dec.  28.  '83,  trans,  to  en.  I,  34tb  Ills.  Inf. 
Glossford  Ueorge,  e.  lire.  iK,  '63.  trans,  to  eo.  I,  34tli  Ills.  Inf. 
Jobnuon  I'yrun,  e.  Dec.  29.  '63.  trans,  toco.  I,  34tb  Ills.  Inf. 
Kelle)  .Nelson,  e.  Ffli   21.  '65.  vet.  ree.  trans,  i  o.  I    341b  Ills.  Inf. 

Peity  E^eklel.  e.  1 'it.  '63,  vel.  rei.tralis.  to  ro.  I,  34tb  Ills.  Inf 

Petty  Julin  It.  ':  Dee.  28.  '63.  tianii.  co.  1,  34tb  Ills.  Inl, 
Sayler  Wllliain  C.  e.  Jan.  25.  '84.  trans,  tu  eo.  I,  34tb  Ills.  Inf. 
Wolf  Jonntban  II.  e.  Oct.  11,  '84,  trans,  toco.  K.  34tli  Ills.  Int. 

•  •OMI'.\.N\     K. 

Cu|>tuillH. 

John  K.  Krencli,  com.  Aug.  27,  '62,  died  wounds  March  17, '65. 
I^vl  A.  Kuss,  com.  A|irll  211.  '85.  m.o.  .lune  6,  "aS. 

LleutrnantH. 

Flrat,  James  II.  I'eet,  com    Aug.  27.  '8'2.  bon.  dl»d.  Dec.  24,  '84. 
First,  John  Morrow,  roni.  Aug.  20,  *65,  m.o,  June  8, '65. 
.S«conil,  Henry  F.  Irvin,  com.  .\ng.  27.  '82.  res.  Jan.  27.  '84. 
Seconil,  Jtdin  Mctiunls,  com.  .luiie  12,  '3.V  not  mustered,  m.o. 
as  sergt.  June  8,  '65. 

.HerBeanlH. 

Klrst,  Hnyder  Peter  II.  e.  Aug.  7.  '6'2.  cllsd.  Oct.  22.  '62,  lllsab. 
Morrow  John.  e.  Aug.  7.  '62.  nro.  to  nrsl  lieutenant. 
McOlnntH  Jobii.  e.  Aug.  7,  'ti'i,  m.o.  .lune  6.  '65,  as  rtr^t  sergt. 
llucbiinaii    .\lrxaiider,  e.    Aug.  9. '62.  Arst  sergt.  kid.  kenenaw 

Ml.  Jnnt- 27.  '61. 
Coburii  Klljab.  •■.  Aug.  7,  '6'2,  mo.  ,lniie  6.  '65,  as  private. 

Corporiila. 
Carter  John,  e.  Aug.  9.  '62,  in.o.  June  8,  '65.  a«  sergt. 
Smith  Kdwin  I.  e   Aug.  7. '82.  died  liallatln.  Tenn.  Dec.  30.  '82. 
Koss  I^-vl  A    e    Aug.  9    62.  pro   to  l'«|it. 
.Slone  Juliii  /.  e.  .\ug.  9.  '62.  m.o   June  6.  '8.*^,  as  sergl. 
Armstrong  FJH'in'ier  M.  e.  Aug.  8.  '82.  in.o.  June  8,  65,  private. 
Ilobrer  .Hainoel,  e.  Aug.  7,  '82,  trans.  4tb  t '.s.  Vel.  Vol.  July  27. 

'b4. 
Anderson  .John  ,1.  e.  .Vug.  7.  '62.  m.o.  .lune  6.  '85.  as  sergt. 
Anton  William  II.  e.  Aug.  7.  '62,  m.o.  June  8,  '85,  as  sergt. 

Miiatoluiia. 

Smith  David  e.  Aug.  9.  '62.  m.o  June  6,  '6ft. 
White  John  K  e.  Aug.  9,  '6'2.  mo.  June  8.  '6ft, 

Wisffoiier. 
Oukea  John,  e.  Aug.  7,  '82,  m.o.  June  6,  '6&. 
I'riTKle*. 

Anten  tleorge.  e.  Aug.  9.  '62,  In.o.  June  6.  '6ft. 

Alter  Cliarles  K.  e.  Aug.  8.  'li2,  kid.  llenUinvllle,  N.C.  Ma)  IV. '6^ 


r  .Kug^'s.  '68.  m.o.  Jtine  6.  tb. 
II.  e.  Aug.   7, '82,  dIsd.  SepL  '64,  u  rorpi 


Andrews  llinry  \.  e.  Aug.  R  '62.  kid.  AllanU.  Ga.  Arig.  5.  '64. 
.Men  I'liarles  S.  e.  Aug.  9.  '62.  m.o.  June  6.  '65.  wounded. 
Anderson  Warren  T.  e.  Aug.  7, '62.  desrid.  Oct.  14.  '62. 
Uu'ler  Sylvester,  e.  .Vug.  II,  '62  died  at  Nashville,  Tenn.  March 

ft.  '63. 
Ile.1. ii  Kr..'.li.  .■    Aug.  7.  '62.  dlsd.  Oct,  17.  '62,  disab. 
Ill  «  J.  e    •■■•-*   - 

It.  .  nam 

Ili.i..        . ;..  e.  .\ng  9.  '62.  Iran-   '■■  ^'  i^  i'     i"  ■    «  '65. 

Butlei  Hrni\.  e.  .\tiK'    h,  •h2.  ui  o     ■  ■  I 

Hums  I'atrli  k.  e.  .\u^'.  l-i,  '02.  in  'led. 

Col'iint  "^.iniii'-l  ('.  e.  .\ug.  7.  "62.  'i  '  *  ••'. 

C..  .\ug.  8. '62.  in.o.  Jill..- f,,    fj.*. 

<■•  '    e.  Aug.  12.  '82.  m.o.  June  6.  '65. 

I>.  ..-r,  e.  .Aug.  7. '62.  died  How  Hug  Green.  Ky.  U«e. 

Debor'tl  .leUersun,  e.  Aug.  9.  '62.  m.u.  June  6,  '6&. 

Debord  Nelson,  e.  Aug.  7,  '62.  died  at  Nashville.  Tenn.  April  4. 

63. 
Deal  William,  e.  Aug.  9.  ■»■.-■  Dec    4.  62. 

Debord  John.  e.  .\ug.  13.  '  -  ^prll  8.  '64. 

Foley  llezaklah,  e.  Aug.  7.  '■'- 

Francis  Jost.ph,  e.  Aug.  9.   «.w.  ".'1   .■.•'!    i.j.   u.i  .i.^i.. 
Glad  father  Jacob,  e.  Aug.  7.  '62.  In.o.  .lune  b.  'o5. 
Oladfather  David,  e.  aur.  8,  '82,  died  at  Nashville.  Tenn.  July 

11. '83. 
Gladfatber  Frederick,  e.  Aug.  8.  '62,  m.o.  Juue  6,  '65. 
Hay  ward  Henry,  e.  Aug.  7.^62.  died  at  Nashville,  Tenn.  Sot. 

10,  '63. 
Hare  George  II.  e.  Aug.  26.  '6'2.  died  at  .NasbTlUe,  Tenn.  Uec 

23. '63. 
Hare  Jetfers^jii.  e.  Aug.  7.  '82.  ni.o.  June  6.  '65. 
Hare  .Maruiadukc.  e.  Aug.  7.  '6'2,  dl«l.  Feb.  14,  '6Sdlaab. 
Hare  Henry  II.  e.  Aug.  8.  '82,  in.o.  June  6.  '65. 
Hamilton  licorge  W.  e.  Aug.  9.  '82.  m.o.  June2U.  '65  wd. 
Keller  William  II.  e.  Aug.  9.  '8-2.  m.o.  June  8.  '65. 
Keller  F:in!inuel.  e.  Aug.  7.  '6'2.  m.o.  June  6.  '65  as  corpl.  wd. 
Keller  .Andrew,  e.  .Aug.  7,  '62,  died  at  Cbatlanooga  Jul  y  3.  'b4 

wds. 
Keller  FMinund.  e.  Aug.  7.  '6-2.  dlsd.  Jan.  13.  '63.  dIsab. 
Lair  Andrew  J.  e.  Aug.  7.  '62.  m.o.  .lune  6.  '65. 
LItts  Uenjanilii.  o.  Aug.  9.  '62.  dlsd.  .March  3.  '65,  dIsab. 
Little  Henrv,  e.  Aug.  8.  '62  dli.l  on  ibe  ocean  April  27,  '65.  wds. 
Miller  James,  e.  Aug.  7,  '82.  dls<l.  Jan.  5.  '65.  dIsab. 
McMillan  .lohn.  e.  Aug.  7.  '82,  <lled  al  Nashville.  Tenn.  Aug,  17, 

'84,  wds 
McGulie  (  harles,  e.  Aug.  13.  '«'2.  dlsd.  Jan.  17.  '63.  dIsab. 
Morr.iw  F:rastus,  e.  Aug.  7.  '62.  lUsd.  Nov.  1.  '82.  dIsab. 
Nacc  .loseph  J.  e.  .Vug.  11.  '62.  m.o.  .Iiiik-  6.  '65. 
Nail  George  B.  e.  Aug.  8.  '62.  ln..i  June  6,  '85. 
Newman  (ii'orge  W.  e.  Aug.  7.  '62,  trans,  to  4lh  I".  S.  \.  volt. 

Julv29.  '84. 
Potts  Willlaiu  W.  e.  Aug.  7.  '8'2.  in.o.  June  8.  '65. 
Parents  .loseph.  e.  Aug.  7.  '62.  m.o.  .lune  8.  '65. 
Polls  William,  e.  Aug.  7.   ti.  died  at  Nashville.  Tenn.  March  10. 

'63. 
Potts  John  T.  e.  Auk'   -••    •'■■-'   in  ■■   .''iii'-f'   't..'.. 
Pembleion  Wllliaiii    ■  -     ..• 

PIgg  William  P.  e    \ 

Kussell  .lames  v.  I-     .  '*  ■ 

Knssell  .lames  M.  t-  -     i.-.-.  ilisso. 

Itccd  I'bilaiiibr.  .■    v  ■<»  July  4. '64. 

Koi.ev  lliicli.  e.  Aiu-  v  •!. 

H •■   !■ >•  -'I 

l;  '!•■ 

l:  I  id. 

.>.<,  .  -    .    <. .I.July  29. 

.'■I 
Smith  Isaac  I.  e.  Aug.  7.  '6-2.  killed  at  Uuzianl  Koust.  Ua..  Feb. 

?\  '64 
_s.,.  I...  VI....  -  \(   P    ^,,,5   1  ^     -..-1  .I....I   .1  i-i.si'snooga  Dec.  7. '63. 
S  e.  Aug.  n  ^■ 

M  .  e.  Aug.  11  '..  wd. 

.-•ii  .11  It.  V.    \..^-  '..  '85.  dlaab. 

Sniilli  Ai'l.l  ..tld.e.   .     .  1  col  p*  Nov.  I. '64. 

.Sanger  Madison  e    \  . 

.Sabin  John  M.  e.  An.  4Morpl.  wd. 

Scoll  Andrew. I.  e.  Ann    ;■    n^    i     i  ■..    i,     <i;i.dlsab. 

TImmons  Francis,  e.  .vug.  T.  'n2.  ilisd.  Jan.  20,  '63.  dIsab. 
Watson  James  .S.  e.  Aug.  9,    u'i.  dieil  at  Gallatin.  Teun.  Dm. 

7.  '62. 
Welsenl.urg  William  II    e    Am;   7,  62.  dlsd.  April  7, '63.  dIsab. 
While  \V  llham  It-  e.  Aug    12.  '(<2.  '-    o.  June  8,  '85. 
Wiley  t'liarles  e.  Aug.  k.  '82  in  o.  June  24,  65.  was  prisl. 
White  Jsmes  K  e.  Aug.  8.  '6-J.  in  o  June  6.  "65  as  corpl. 
Young  llairlsoit,  e.  .Vug.  11.  '62.  m.o.  June  8.  '65. 
/.Her  .leremlab  <'.  e.  Aug   14,  '8'2.  mo.  June  20,  '65  as  curpl. 

Ilrcrulta. 

DelHird  Henry,  e.  Aug.  19  '62.  m.o.  .lune  6.  '65. 

lili.lMl.  I     vn.il.   r     F.I,.    I,   '81,  trans  tucu.  F.  S4III  III.  Inf. 

II    .  .1  :     64. 

H  .    -SV 

I  65. 

N,,,,  ,.    .1,..,.,   .    .•  ......    .i.    64, 


KNth  liirantr.v. 

t'll,tsMlglieil 

,  ...  Dec    8    '83 

llruwn  rhesler  F.  e.  Oct.  22.  '6S. 


t'li.tsslgiieil    Keeriilta. 
Ambler  Monroe,  e.  Dec    8,  "83. 


PEORTA    COrXTY   WAll   RECORn. 


391 


89th  Infantry. 

COMPANY    A. 

Kecruitn. 

Sinllli  Samuel,  e.  Auk.  13.  'B'-.  "'."■  •''"""  '3.  '65  as  corpl. 
I'rle  David  K.  e.  Aug.  13.  '62.  m.u.  June  10.  '65  as  sergt. 

COSIPANV   <i. 
Private. 

Baves  Adelbert,  e.  Nov.  '63.  died  Oct.  15,  '64,  wda. 
Recruit. 

Hunt  .lames,  e.  Nov.  28,  '63. 


93tl  Iiilautry. 

COMPANY  c. 

Kecruits. 

Corwln  Thomas  K.  e.  April  12,  '65.  trans,  to  40th  111.  lul. 
Parsons  Johu,  e.  Dec.  5.  '64,  trans,  to  40th  111.  Inf. 
Parker  James,  e.  April  11,  '65,  trans,  to  40th  III.  Inf. 
Ryon  .John,  e.  March  31.  '65,  trans,  to  40tU  111.  Inf. 
Timmons  Johu,  e.  April  12,  '65,  traus.  to  40th  III.  Inf. 

COMPANY   K. 

Recruit. 

Godfrey  Michael,  e.  March  31.  '65,  dlsd.  June  10.  '65. 
Uiiassigned  Recruits. 

Baker  James,  e.  April  11,  '65. 
Codv  Patrick,  e.  April  11.  '65. 
Clark  Thomas  J.  e.  April  11,  '65. 
Dougherty  John,  e.  March  9.  '65. 
Fiyiiii  Frank,  e.  March  9,  '65. 
Farriiigton  George,  e.  March  29,  '65. 
Illggins  ,lohn,  e.  April  11,  '65. 
Hellyard  Thomas,  e.  March  -.^2.  '65. 
Jenkins  William  K.  e.  March  11,  '65. 
Mulcahv  Patrick,  e.  April  11.  '65. 
Morgan  .lames,  e.  March  11,  '65. 
O'Brien  Patrirk.  e.  March  9,  '65. 
Powers  WiMi.ini,  e.  .March  9,  '65. 
Wel.Hli  .l:imcs,  c.  April  11,  '65. 
Zoilowski  Loni.s,  e.  .March  22,  '65. 


lOSth  Infantry. 

Colonel. 

John  Warner,  com.  Aug.  28,  '62.  dismsd.  Aug.  13,  '63. 

Major. 
Lyman  W.  Clark,  com.  Oct.  3t),  '64,  uot  mustered,  m.o.  as  Capt. 
Aug.  5.  '65. 

Adjutants. 

IJenj.  T.  Foster,  com.  Aug.  23.  '62.  died  at  Memphis,  Tenn.  June 

23,  '64. 
Heury  C.  Fursman.  com.  June  23,  '64.  m.o.  Aug.  5,  *65. 

Q  uartermaster . 

Geo.  W.  Raney.  com.  Aug.  18.  '62.  res.  March  20,  '63. 

Serjeant  Alajors. 
McDermot  John  E.  e.  Aug.  1.  '62.  pro.  to  3d  Lieut,  co.  G. 

I'ratt  Edward,  e. ,  m.o.  Aug.  5.  '65.  com,  2d  Lieut,  but  not 

mustered. 

Q.   yi.   Sergeants. 

Ranev  George  B.  e.  Aug.  15,  '62,  m.o.  Jan.  31,  *63. 
Adaiiis  Anson,  e. ,  reduced  to  ranks  C.  G. 

CouiinisHary  Sergeants. 
Dodge  John  M.  e.  Aug.  22,  '62.  disd.  March  1.  '63  dUah. 
Him&oii  George,  m.o.  Aug.  5,  '65. 

Hospital  Steward. 

Fursman  Henry  C.  e.  Sept.  15.  '62.  pro.  to  adj. 

Principal  Musician. 
Wham  Frederick,  e.  ,  m.o.  Aug.  5.  '65. 

COMPANY     1$. 

Privates. 

Coons  Andrew  J.  e.  Aug.  11.  •t>2,  died  at  St.  Louis  Feb.  4.  '63. 

Coons  Manln.  e.  Aug.  11.  '(j2.  died  Jan.  23.  '63. 

Crall  William  U.  e.  Aug.  14,  '62,  died  at  Memphis  March  3,  '64. 

Horton  Joseph  W.  e.  Aug.  11.  '62.  died  Jan.  Itj.  '63. 

Ingalls  William  R.  e.  Aug.  14,  '62.  m.o.  Aug.  5,  '65. 

COMPANY    K. 

Captain. 

Sylvester  V.  I>ooley,  com.  Aug.  28.  '62.  m.o.  Aug.  5.  '65. 


L.ieutenantM. 

First.  Patrick  Mooio,  com.  Aug.  28.  '63.  m.o.  Aug.  5.  '65. 
Second.  Thomas  Lynch,  com.  Auir.  28.  '62.  disd.  March  28.  '63. 
Peter  Young,  com.  .Vug.  1,  '6.').  not  mustered,  m.o.  as  sergt.  Aug. 
5.  '65. 

.Sergeants. 

Young  Pelt-r.  c.  Aug.  17.  '62,  m.o.  Aug.  5,  '65  as  1st  sergt.  com. 

2d  Lh'iu.  luit  not  mustered. 
Lynch  I'aiiirk,  e,  Aug.  T.  '62.  m.o.  .\ug.  5.  '65 
Freeman  James,  e.  Aug.  15.  '62,  disd.  April  10,  '64  as  1st  sergt. 

disab. 
Pitcher  Alexander,  e.  Aug.  13.  '62,  m.o.  Aug.  5,  '65. 

Corporals. 

Simons  George,  e.  Aug.  15.  '62.  desrtd.  Jan.  19,  '63. 
Lipton  John.  e.  Aug.  12.  '62.  desrtd.  Jan.  19.  '63. 
Dempsev  James,  e.  Aug.  9.  '62,  m.o.  Aug.  5.  '65  as  nrl. 
McC;trlv  Thomas,  e.  Aug.  9.  '62.  desrtd.  Dec.  19.  '63. 
Calcott  Williiim  H.  e.  Aug.  7.  '62.  m.o.  Aug.  5.  '65  as  sergt. 
Mangaii  John.  e.  Aug.  15.  '62.  trans,  to  47th  111.  infty. 
Hanson  John,  e.  Aug.  12.  '62,  trans,  to  invalid  corps  July  22,  '64. 
Granstrand  Gustavus,  e.  Aug,  13.  '62.  desrtd.  Aug.  12.  '62. 

Mu«iciaus. 

Broi>hy  James,  e.  Aug.  22,  '62,  desrtd.  Oct.  1.  '62. 
Byan  James,  e.  Aug.  15,  '63.  desrtd.  Oct.  1,  '62. 

Wagoner. 

Hammond  Henry,  e.  Aug.  9,  '62,  desrtd.  Jan.  19,  '63. 

Privates. 
Bradley  Rohert,  e.  Aug.  9.  *63.  m.o.  Aug.  5.  '65. 
Brophey  John.  e.  Aug.  11,  '63.  disd.  May  16.  '63disab. 
Barnard  James,  e.  Aug.  15.  '63,  desrtd.  Aug.  30.  '62. 
Buikr  .loiui.  f.  Aug.  8.  '62.  m.o.  Aug.  5,  '65. 
Carroll  Mirh:iel.  e.  Aug.  15.  '63.  m.o.  Aug.  5.  'Gb. 
Corbet  Joscpli,  e.  Aug.  15.  "62   m.o.  Aug.  5.  '65. 
Crass  James,  e.  Aug.  13,  '62.  m.o.  Aug.  5.  '65. 
Cranson  John.  e.  Aug.  14.  *62.  desrtd.  Nov.  28.  '62. 
Chamhiin  Elisha.  e.  Aug.  15.  '62,  trans,  to  47th  III.  inf. 
Crowder  John,  e.  Aug.  13.  '63,  died  at  Corinth.  Miss.  Nov.  8,  '63. 
Cation  William,  e.Aug.  23. '62.  corpl. trans,  to  V.R.C.  May  31. '63. 
Dodd  George,  e.  Aug.   9,  '62,  1st  sergt.  died  at  Milliken's  Bend, 

La.  May  31. '63. 
Davis  Evan,  e.  Aug.  22,  '62,  desrtd.  June  38,  '63. 
Dodge  John.  e.  Aug.  22.  '62.  pro.  com.  sergt. 
Don  Levy  Joseph,  e.  Aug.  23.  '62.  desrtd.  Sept.  28.  '62. 
Driscal  Dennis,  e.  Aug.  15.  '63.  desertd.  ."^ept.  25.  '63. 
DIckerson  Frank  e.  .A.ug.  18,  '62.  m.o.  Aug.  5.  '65. 
Diving  Cyrus,  e.  Aug.  14,  '63,  desrtd.  Sept.  28,  '63. 
Ewing  George  W.  e.  Aug.  3,  '62.  desrtd.  Sept.  28.  '62. 
Eads  Thomas,  e.  Aug.  22.  '62.  disd.  April  33,  '63.  disah. 
Fentrop  Henry,  e.  Au^.  23,  '63.  m.o.  Aug.  5,  '65.  as  corpl. 
Fleming  Micliael,  e.  .\ug.  23,   '63,  diea  at   Corinth,  Miss.  Jan. 

3,  '64. 
Flanagan  Thomas,  e.  Aug.  33,  '62.  supposed  desrtd.  June  10. '65. 
Gross  Daniel,  e.  Aug.  22, '62,    died  at   Nashville,    Tenn.   Nov. 

17.'64. 
Groat.itoaut  Jesse,  e.  Ang.  15. '62.  desrtd.  June  28/63. 
Guppy  Samuel,  e.  Aug.  15.'62.  m.o.  July  32, '65.  was  prisoner. 
Gillit  Julien.  e.   Aug.  14, '63.  m.o.  Aug.  5.'65. 
Graves  Isa;ir.  e.  Aug.  22, '62.  disd.  .luii.'  6. '6.3,  disah. 
Higgiiis  .(olni.  e.  Aug.  15. '62,  m.o.  .\ug.  5, '65. 
Hidstju  Gforge.  e.  .\ug.  15, '62.  pro.  locuipl.  then  to  comy. sergt. 
Huteliiiisuii  Samuel,  e.  Aug.  22. 'b3.  desrtd.  Sept.  25. '63. 
Hogaii  Barnard,  e.  Aug.  14, '63,  desrtd.  Sept.  30. '62. 
Hughes  George,  e.  Aug.  13. '62.  desrtd.  Oct.  4, '62. 
Jones  Avrein.  e.  Aug.  5. '62.  m.o.  Aug.  5, '65. 
James  John.  e.  Aug.  16. '62.  dt-srid.  Sept.  30, '63. 
Jenkins  John.  e.  Aug.  13.'63.  de.srtd.  s.'i't.  20.'63. 
Kelley  James,  e.  Aug.  8. '62.  dcsrUl.  'i?2. 
Kenny  Jain-'S,  e.  Aug.  15,'62,  desrtd.  Sept.  20. '63. 
Luslinian  Thninas.  e.  Aug.  32,'63,  m.o.  Aug.  5.'65.  as  corpl. 
LuoMus  Michael,  e.  Aug.  22. '62.  trans.  I.V.C.  Sept.  30. '63. 
LoiiKiii  Thoni.is.  e.  -Vug  22. '63.  desrtd.  Oct    1.'63. 
Lorkknid  MolKxel.  e.  Aug.  15. '03,  m.o.  Aug.  5,'65.  as  corpl. 
Mm  i>liv  \Villi;un  H.  e.  Aug.  15,'62.  desrtd.  Sent.  3.'62. 
McKoht-  Mliliael.  e.  Aug.  13.'62.  desrtd.  March  27, '63. 
McOuuib  James,  e.  .\ug.  7, '62.  desrtd.  J.ni.  19. "63. 
Moore  John.  e.  Aug.  32. "62.  desrtd,  Si-pt.  1.').'62. 
Mccarty  John.e.  Aug.  Il.'ti2.  tiesitd.  l>ec.  3. '63. 
Merry  Edward,  e.  Aug.  •Z'^/ii'^.  m.o.  Autt.  5. '65. 
McKnight  James,  e.  .\ug.  8, '63.  m.o.  Aug.  5. '65. 
Roberts  George,  e.  Aug.  8. '62.  m.o.  July  32.'65. 
Rice  George,  e.  Aug.  16. '62.  desrtd.   Sept.  15.'62. 
Simons  John,  e.  Aug.  15, '63.  desrtd.  Oct.  .30, '62. 
StaLriv  ,T:uiii's.  e.  Aug.  7.'63   desrtd.  <».-i.  i,'t)2. 
SlmuH'rs  Joiin,  e.  .Vug.  12. '62.  desrtd.  Sept.  20, '62. 
Sniiili  Edwin,  e.  Aug.  15.'62.  desrtd.  Srpt.  20.'62. 
Summers  William,  e.  Aug.  13.'62.  desrtd  Sept.  20, '62. 
Thorp  Charles,  e.  Aug.  15.'62.    m.o.  Aug.  5. '65. 
Taylor  James,  e.  Aug.  17. '62.  desrtd.  Sept.  13. "62. 
Upton  James,  e.  Aug.  15. '62.  desrtd.  Dee.  l.'(;3. 
Wiiitlv  Saniii.I.  e.  Aug.  14, '62.  died  .lulv  3.i.'63. 
Wallers   Vii.lrew,  e.  Aug.  22. '62,  desrid.  Si-pi.  28, '62. 
Walters  John    e.  .Vug.  32. '62,  desrtd.  Sept,  28. '62. 
Yost  Bartholomew,  e.  Aug.  32.*63,  kid.  at  Spanish   Ft.   April 

7.  '65. 

COMPANY  D. 

Privates. 

Gabriel  Philip,  e.  Aug.  11, '62.  trans,  toco.  I. 
Hariman  William,  e.  Aug.  11. '62.  trans,  to  co.  B. 


392 


PEORIA   COUNTY   WAR   REOORD. 


KclloKK  Nnili«n.  ••.  AU(t.  8.'82.  Irann.  lo  eo.  I. 
Pmuk  AliM»mler.  c.  Auis.  SO."CI«.  ui.o.  Aug.  S.'«5. 
Pagv  Jamm  II.  e.  Aiir.  I5.'rt2.  iraiis.  lo  '-o.  E. 
Snyili-r  Jaliio,  e.  St-pt.  S,'eS.  tram,  lo  lo.  K. 

Recruit. 

(Irwnwell  Oeorgr,  e.  Prh.  S3. '85,  Ir*ii9.  to  4'ita  III. 

CO  Ml".*  NY    F. 


Inrantry. 


Itonian  .lohii.  *•.  Xuft.  I.'j.'62.  trans,  lo  ro.  II. 
tcawarilM  llriirv  o.  e.  Auk.  IS. '62.  <l>-,srtU.  .Si-|il.  17. '62. 
KverliiKlKuii  .f->4«;i>h  II   r   XU)^   15. '62  trans,  to  co.  II. 
rursULiTi  llrnr)  c.  e.  .Scpl.  ls.'>i'2.  pro.  to  lii>»|illal  steward. 
Klrkrur  Ui'orio'.  1-.  Aug.  15.'B2.  m.o.  AUB  S.'U.V 
McKowii  K..Im  rt.  I'.  AU|{.  15. '112.  •Me,!  ;il  VouriK's  1*1.  teb.  IS.  88. 
l'hmi|>s(!.->rKc.  r.  AUK.  IS.'B'i.  dliil  at  Youug^s  ft.  Feb.  20. '68. 
Perdue  William  K.  u.  Aug.  10. 'IW.  iraii.s.  lo  0>.  It. 
Sllui-  Ufurgi'  A>lauis.  v.  Aug.  15.'t>2.  <lieij  .March  ».'63. 
.Sonilcrlaiiil  Olol.  c.  .Vug.  15. '62.  illel  at  Youngs  Pi.  July  18. '83. 
Twigs  Jain<-s  L.  f.  Aug.  15. '62.  trans,  toco.  i;. 

K«crait. 
Kyle  Joliti.  e.  Jan.  S8.'65.  trans,  to  4Tlh  III.  liifly. 

COMI'.VNV  G. 

i'HpUllUft. 

Oeorge  R.  Haglltt.  com.  Aug.  28.  '62.  res.  Jan.  IS.  '63. 

Samuel  U.  Hans.  com.  Jan.  13.  '63.  res.  .May  30,  'BS. 

Henry  C.  Sonimers,  com.  May  30. '63.   inurdered  by  Guerrillas 

June  IS,  '64. 
John  K.  M<-Deriuutc,  com.  June  13.  '64.  in.o.  Aug.  5,  '65. 

Lleutenanta. 

First,  Samuel  It.  Harts,  com.  Aug.  28.  '62,  Dro. 

First,  Hcnrv  C.  .Sommcrs.  com.  June  1.1.  '63.  pro. 

First,  JohnK.  McDerniolt,  Com.  .May  311.  '63,  pro. 

First,  James  II.  Wynd.  com.  .Tunc  13.  'til,  m.o.  .\U|r.  8.  '65. 

Second,  Henry  C.  Sonimers,  coin.  .\ug.  28.  '62,  pro. 

Second,  .lohn  K.  Meliennott.  com.  Jan.  13.  '63,  pro. 

Second,  James  Itradsiiaw,  com.  .\ug.  1,  '65,  hot  mustered,  m.o. 

(lusergl.i  Atig.  5.  '65. 

Sereeant. 
First.  .Morris  Ueorge  W.  e.  Aug.  12,  '62,  died  .it  .Memphis  Dec 

17,  '62. 
Angus  George,  e.  Aug.  9,  '82,  disd.  April  5,  '63,  dlsab. 
Wynd  James  II.  e.  Aug.  15,  '62,  pro.  Istsergt.  then  '2d  Lieut. 
Bradshuw  James,  e.  Aug.  15.  '6'2,  m.o.  (»ct.  5,  *65.  as  sergt.  com. 

as  2d  Lieut,  but  not  niuslered. 
Phillips  Johns,  e.  .Vug.  1'2.  "62.  m.o.  .Vug.  5.  '65,  as  private. 

CoriiorHlM, 

Williams  SylvanuH  II.  e.  July  2H.  '62,  m.o.  Aug.  5. '65,  as  private. 
Caldwell  W'lUlalu  K.  e.  Aug.  15.  '62.  dIsd.  Aug.  11,  '6:1,  disab. 
Simons  Alfert   K.  e.  Aug.  1.5.   62.  illi'd  at  Youngs  Pi.  Keb.  13,  '63. 
KIwell  Lewis,  e.  .Vug.  9.  '62.  m.o.  .Vug.  5.  t'S,  as  sergt.  was  prls. 

of  war  at  .Vndersonvllle  anci  .Mlllen. 
Reader  Ollnlon  V.  It.  e.  Aug   15.  °62,  m.o.  Aug.  5,  '66,  as  aergt. 
Mitchell  Lewis,  e.  Aug.  15.  62.  m.o.  Aug.  5.  '65. 
Mobery  Samuel  It.  e.  .vug.  15,  '62,  dlsd.  March  20.  68.  disali. 
Sharp  Aaion  T.  e.  Aug.  15,  '62.  trans,  to  1.  C.  Nov.  26,  '63. 

Alualcluna. 

Itartletl  Kphralin,  e.  .Vug.  1 1.  *62,  m.o.  Aug.  5,  '65. 

Mawbery  William  I',  e.  Aug.  15, '62.  private,  died  al   St.    I.ouls 

Feb.l.  '63. 

WuKoiier. 
Adams  Anson,  e.  Aug.  15,  '6'2,  m.o.  Ailg.  5,  '85. 

PrlviiU)*. 
Atkinson  lleiirv.  e.  Aug.  15,  'li'2.  m.o.  Aug,  5.  '65. 
Ilenllne  Ueorge  W.  e.  .Vug.  II,  '62.   desrtd.  Sent.  B,  '68. 
Ituchard  Tliomas.  e.   Aug.  15.  '62,  died  al  .lelferson  Barracks 

Feb.  11.  '63. 
Hrown  P.eirbeii  We.  Aug.  I5.'«-.".  died  iil  Youngs  Pi.  Feb.  12, '68. 

II...',         '  .     Aug.  15. 'I,.'     ■ t,    16. 'tl.S. 

Ill  .  .1111.  e.  .Vuk'  \ng.  5, '65,  as  cnrpl. 

It!  >  II  A.  e.   Vii.  -    1.  C.  lire.  15,  '63. 

Ill   ,  .1 e.  ,lulj    1'  I    Sept.  8,  '62. 

Htooiulo  Id  iilildlali.  e.  Aug.  1  I,   I.J.  lii.'i.  Aug.  5.  '65. 
Hrown  Jidin  II.  e.  Aug.  14,    ll-,',  desrtd.  Kee.  4,  '62. 
Conroy  clinrles  .M.  e.  Aug.  15  '6'2.  inn.  Aug.  .5.  '65. 
Craig  Hliani  I),  e.  Aug    14.  '62.  desrid.  Oct.  1».  '62. 
Conroy  , lames  A.  e.   Vug   15.  '62.  m.o.  Aug   :,,  U5.  rurlough. 
Curtis  James,  e.  Aug.  15.  '1.2.  dl».l.  Seiil.  II.  '6:1,  .llsab 

Crouch  John  A.  e.  Aug.  II,  (i2.  desild.  I 4.  '62 

Cm'hran  .laiiicH.  e.  .Vug.  15.  '6-2,  desrt<l.  Jan.  16. '6.3. 

Imiiiie  Ja e   Aug   I,  '62,  mo.  Aug.  5.  '6.5. 

Kasi,  ll  .1.1.1111.  e  Aug.  1,1.  '62,  ni  ...  Aug.  5,  '65,  a«  .orpl. 
I-:,,  ,  ii.l    12.  'n'i,  .lle.l  Nov  Alb.i.u,  IikI.  Ih-c.  ^.  '82. 

I  I  ,.  J.  e.  .Vug.  II,  "62.  .it.s.'iil  si.-k  at  m....  regl. 

t.t  .'    Aug.  15,  't>2 Aug.  5. '65,  a«  coipl. 

H  ..  e.  Aug    12.  'I\'i,  ir.iiis.  l..c.i.  K. 

II  ,  T-  .'.   Vug    12.  '62.  trans.  l..c...  K. 

II  .  I    .'.  Aug    15.  '62.  in  ...  .Vug.  .5.  '65,  as  sergt. 

II.  N    e,  Aug     15    '62.  .Ils.l    March  8, '88.  rtlsah. 

J..hiii.>ii  "  .III  iin.  e.  Aug.  15,  '62.  al.seni  sick  at  ui.o.  regt, 
Klpppnbri.c«  Lewi.  M.  e.  Aug  11,  '82.  desrl.l  Kec.  4.  '88. 
KeeVer  Jacob,  e.  Aug.  12,  68,  m....  Aug.  5,  '65. 


Klrkinan  Clement,  e.  Aug.  II.  '63,  died  at  Tounio.  Jan.  to.  '68. 

KU.|.   I. !•.'.•  •    Henry  A.  e.  .Vug.  11    'ft.  desrtil.  Jan.  16,  "6$. 

I..-  .-.  Aug.  15. 'e-J.  Ill  ...  July  20,  '8.5. 

I..  ,-.  Aug.  IS.  '62.  di.d  al  M.mphls  I>ec.  15,  '88. 

I..  I    e.  Aug   13. '6-2.  ni...  .vug.  5. '65. 

I. ,  vug.  K.  '62.  desrid.  I>ec.  4.  '62. 

L.  e.  Aug.  14,  '6-2.  in  ..  Aug  5.  '65. 

L  .  ■  r.  e.  Aug    14.  '62.  .llsd.  Feb.  21.  '68.  dIsab. 

Ml  I.  e  Jul)  22.  fi.  dle.l  al  Y'oung's  Pt.  April  14,  '68. 

Mc)ti  Juhii.  .-.  Aug.  11,  '62,  in...  Aug.  5,  '65. 

Meyers  William  J.  I>.  e.  Aug.  IZ.  '62.  m...  Aug.  5,  '65. 

McDerin.il  John  K.  e.  Aug.  1,  '62.  pr...  lo  sergl.  ma). 

M.Kire  J,.hnS.  e.  July  28.  '62.  de.rtd.  Jan.  16.  '63. 

Mel'.. ml.  Vi.lrew,  e.  .Vug.  15.  '62,  m.o.  -Vug.  5.  '65. 

Owens  R,.l.erl.  e.  Aug    13.   112.  iii...  Aug.  5. '65. 

Owens  Pleasiul.  e.  July  15,  '62,  sergt.  died  In  Memphis.  July  10. 

'63. 
Odell  George,  e.  Aug.  II.  '62.  desrtd.  SepL  10.  '62. 
Pennv  Ilravton  A.  e.  Aug.  13.  'fl'J  dl'd     Vprll  5.  '68.  dlsah. 

P    :  I.e.  Aug.  T.  ■'  .-     ■       ■     ■  '• ■  -    1.  'f;! 

p.  M.  e.  Aug.  1 

p  1.  e.  Aug.  IJ 

PI \ Mne,  e.  Aug    :  .       .ij.! 

Rai..>  .je.jige  il.  c.  .Vug.  1  .M.  ».■:».. 

Randall  Jeremiah  E.e.Ju  .    March  II. '68.  dIsab. 

Rose  Waslunglon.  e.  .Vug   :  Young's  PL  Jau.  26,  '88. 

RI.e  G.'..ige.  e.  Aug.  15.  •>.-  4.  '62. 

Sl...k  V.ileijt.ii..,  e.  Aug.  I.  21.  '63.  dIsab. 

Soiumers  William,  e.  .Vug  i  ily  26. '63. 

Sommers  L"..iiar.l.  e.  .Vug    1         , Dec.  26,  '68,  dlsab. 

Sta^lle8  Joshua,  e.  Aug.  15,  '62.  du-u  al  .Mllllken    Beud.  April  I. 

Sherwood  Samuel,  e.  .Vug.  10.  '6'2.  .lesrtd.  Sept.  II.  '88. 

Tlplon  James  R,e.  Aug.  19.  "62.  m.o.  Aug.  5. '65. 

Webell  George  W.  e.  Aug   1.5.  '62.  in...  Aug.  5.  '65,  as  corpl,  was 

prls.  ..f  war  at  .Vnders.tnvllle  and  Mellon. 
WalU  K..l.erl,  e.  Aug.  15,  '62.  in  o.  Aug.  5.  '6.V  aacorpU 
Wright  William,  c.  .Vug.  15.  '62.  in  ...  Aug.  5.  '65. 
W..rlli  Samuel  K.  c.  Aug.  14.  '68,  m.o.  .Vug.  5.  65. 
Walts  K..l.erl,  e.  -Vug.  13,  '62,  m.i.  Aug.  5.  '65.  as  curpL 
Zubcr  John  J,  e.  July  88,  '68,  desrtd.  Dec.  6,  '68. 

Recruits. 

Aldrlch  George,  e.  March  B.  '6.5.  trans.  I.i  4711i  111.  Inf. 
Bailey  Henri  I',  e.  March  li.  '65.  trans.  I..  47lh  111.  Inf 
BuUer  J..lin.  e.  March  6.  '65.  Irai.s.  to  471li  111.  Inf. 
Foi  Ke.'d,  e.  March  6,  '65.lrans.  lo47lh  111.  li.L 
Guyer  0.-..rge,  e.  March  6.  "65.  irans.  1..  471Ii  111.  Inf. 
HIbl.s  Kvan.  e.  .March  6.  '6.5.  Irans.  to  47lh  III.  Inf. 
King  Joseph,  e.  .March  6,   65.  trans,  lo  471li  III.  Inf. 
Prior  Richard,  e.  March  6,  '65.  Irans.  lo  47lh  III.  Inf. 


CO.MI'ASY   H. 


Irb)  Patrick,  e.  Sept.  5.  '62.  desrtd.  Nov.  1»,  '88, 

uran  MIchaeL  e.  Sept.  '20.  '82.  dleil  at  .Memphis,  April  e 


K 
Muran 


CO.MPANV   I. 


CHptalua. 
John  W.  Carroll,  com.  Aug.  88,  '68,  dlsd.  Mar<'h  88. '88. 
Patrick  Neeilham.  com.  March  28.  '68.  m.o.  Aug.  5.  '85. 

LleulrnHnt. 

First,  Richard  .Scholea,  com.   Vug.  28.  '62.  m.o.  Aug.  5.  '«&■ 

Lleuteiianta. 
.Second,  Daniel  Oulany.  com.  Aug.  28.  '68.  res.  July  II,  '88. 
EdwanI  Pratt,  com.  Aug.   1.  '65.  iioi  musiere<L  m.a  as  a«r(U 
maj.  .vug.  B.  '65. 

Serifeania, 

Finn,  Staler  J. ihu  S.  e.  Aug.  2. '6-2.  died  at  NIchulsouvllla,  Ky. 

iiCapL 
Kendall  Dauphin  II.  e.   wtu   13.  'k2.  m.o.  Aug.  5, ''85.  as  Islserct. 


N..V.  4.  '64. 


N'ee.lhani  Patrick  K.  e.  Aug.  II.  '6'j.  pro.  to  Isl  sorit.  then ' 
Sook  Jain.s.  e.  Aug.  11,  "62.  dlsiL  June  7.  '68,  aaprlv. 
Kendall  Dauphin  II.  e.   tuit    13.  'k2.  m.o.  Aug.  5,^85.  as  Isll 
Pratt  hUlwaril.  e.  .Vug.  I.V  6!!,  pr...  sergl.  luaj. 

CoriMirula, 

Smith  John,  e.  Aug.  8.  '62.  m.o.  Aug.  5.  '6.5.  as  priv, 

RtK-kfor.!  Davl.l,  .Vug.  8,  *62.  m.o.  Aug.  5,  '65.  as  sergt. 

Walsh  Itlchanl.  e.  Aug.  15,  '62,  dlisl  at   LaUrange,  Tenn.  SepL 

11.  '63. 
Iluncerr..!.!  Noal,  e.  Aug,  15.  °88.  died  In  Andersonvllle  prison, 

...  :    I«     64.  No.  of  grave.  11.140. 
M                     ,1   e.  .Vug.    62.  .t.-srl.l.  Oct.  7. '82. 
I  1^.  •-    Aug.  14.  'ti2.  trai.s.  to  47lh  III.   Inf.  prIv. 

I.                      .1.  e.  .Vug.  H,  '(i2.  in...  .Vug.  5   "65.  as  prIv. 
K> e.  Aug.  14,  '62,  m.o    .Vug.  ,5,  '65,  as  sergl. 

MualrlaiiN. 

Steele  Harvey,  e.  Aug.  18,  '6'2.  desrl.l.   April  -2(1.  '88. 

Wham  Frederick,  e.  Aug.  87.  '82,  pro.  lo  prlncl|ial  muslclaii. 

WaKonrr, 

Wllllu  Dudley,  e.  Aug.  II.  '«2.  .Ilxl  Feb.  1 1. '«4.  as  priT. 
rrlratoa, 

nnggs  Samuel,  e.  Aug  14,  '63,  desrl.l.  Sent.  8,  '88. 
Ila."in.  Krsncls,  e  Aug.  11.  '68.  dn-<l  April  11.  '68. 
Hrown  rii..iiiaa.  e.  Aug.  8,  '68.  desrtd.  .Vug.  80,  '88. 


PEORIA  COUNTY  WAR  RECORD. 


893 


Barry  Daniel  L.  e.  Aug.  17.  '63,  desrtd.  Oct.  18.  '62. 

Cook  Henry  H.  e.  Aug.  14.  '63.  desrtd.  Sept.  2,  '62. 

Curtis  George  P.  c.  Aug.  15.  '82,  sergt.  died  at  Keokuk,  la.  .Jan. 

23,  '63. 
Crews  Thomas  M.  e.  Aug.  10.  '62.  desrtd.  Sept.  B,  '68. 
Carev  .James,  e.  Aug.  16.  '62,  desrtd.  Sept.  9.  '62. 
Culle'n  Matliew,  e.  .\ug.  16,  '62.  desrtd.  Dec.  20,  '63. 
Duiinigan  Alplieus,  e.  A\ig.  14.  '68.  desrtd.  Sept.  8.  '63. 
Dillon  Edward,  e.  Aug.  15.  '65,  desrtd.  Sept.  9,  '62. 
Delong  William  H.  e.  .\ug.  11.  '62.  desrtd.  Sept.  9,  '63. 
Dillon  t'hristopher.  e.  Aug.  14,  '62,  desrtd.  Oct.  6.  '62. 
Dunne  Patrick,  e.  Aug.  14.  '63,  desrtd.  Jan.  30,  '63. 
Eagan  William,  e.  .\ug.  15,  '62,  aesrtd.  Sept.  11,  '63. 
Evins  David,  e.  Aug.  9.  '68,  died  Montgomery,  Ala.  July  13,  '65. 
Gabriel  Andrew,  Aug.  II,  '63.  desrtd.  Sept.  7.  '63. 
Grimes  Terrence,  e.  Aug.  15,  '63,  m.o  Aug.  5.  '65. 
Hodges  Alexander,  e.  Aug.  15.  '62.  desrtd.  Sept.  7,  '63. 
Harding  Samuel  C.  e.  Aug.  13,  '63,  corpl.  died  at  Memphis,  Jan. 

7,  '63. 
Heyers  Reuben,  e.  Aug.  14.  '62,  desrtd.  Sept.  9,  '63. 
Harmon  John,  e.  Aug.  —  '62.  desrtd.  Sept.  10.  '62. 
Hirsh  Benjamin  F.  e.  Sept.  83,  '63,  m.o.  Aug.  5,  '65. 
Jackson  Victor,  e.  Aug.  1.5,  '62.  desrtd.  Sept.  10.  '62. 
Jones  John,  e.  Aug.  13,  '63,  trans,  to  I.  C.  March  16,  '64. 
Kershau  Thomas,  e.  Aug.  8,  '63,  died  at  Annapolis,  Md.  Nov.  30. 

'64,  was  liris.  of  war. 
KInnev  James,  e.  Aug.  15.  '63.  dlsd.  March  24,  '64. 
McGinnis  Green,  e.  Aug.  8,  '62,  died  at  Vicksburg,  July  20.  '63. 
Murjiliv  :\Iichael,  e.  Aug.  9.  '63.  desrtd.  Sept.  1.  '68. 
Moore  John  S.  e.  Aug.  9.  '63.  desrtd.  Sept.  1.  "68. 
Murphy  James,  e.  Aug.  —  '62,  desrtd.  Sept.  16,  '63. 
Orr  William  e.  Aug.  11,  '63,  died  at  Peoria,  Oct.  4,  '63. 
Phillips  Andrew,  e.  Aug.  15.  '68.  m.o.  Aug.  5,  '65. 
Powers  Thomas,  e.  Sept.  1,  '62,  left  in  prison  at  Memphis,  Teun. 

Dec.  20,  -63. 
Phillips  William,  e.  Aug.  15.  '68,  desrtd.  Sept.  6,  '63. 
Rockford  David,  e.  .\uk.  13.  '63,  appears  twice  on  muster  roll. 
Ryan  James,  e.  Aug.  11,  '63,  desrtd.  ,Sept.  11.  '63. 
Royster  Joshua,  e.  Aug.  8.  'H'3.  died  Feb.  1,  '63. 
Ransom  Henry,  e.  Aug.  11,  '63,  desrtd.  Sept.  10.  '62. 
Rodgers  James,  e.  Aug.  9,  '62,  died  at  Touug's  Pt.  Feb.  18,  '63. 
Ryan  Williain.  e.  Aug.  18,  '63,  desrtd.  Sept.  38.  '63. 
Skidmore  William,  e.  Aug.  89,  '63,  desrtd.  Sept.  6,  '68. 
Summers  Leonard,  e.  .4ug.  29,  '62.  disd.  Feb.  29.  '63,  disab. 
Shultz  Samuel,  e.  Aug.  28.  '62.  desrtd.  Sept.  8.  '62. 
Sedgwick  Charles,  e.  Aug.  9,  '62,  m.o.  May  25,  '65. 
Smith  John,  e.  Aug.  30.  63,  appears  twice  on  muster  roll. 
Shomaker  William,  e.  Aug.  12,  '62,  disd.  Jan.  80,  '63,  to  enlist  In 

Mi.ss.  Marine  Brigade. 
Smythe  Charles,  e.  Aug.  9,  '62,  trans,  to  I.  C.  June  14,  '64. 
Sealer  Anthony,  e.  Sept.  1,  '62,  desrtd.  Oct.  8,  '62. 
Sill  William  M.  e.  .\ug.  11,  '62,  died  at  Mllllken's  Bend,  March 

14,  '63. 
Thenne  Mathlas,  e.  Sept.  17,  '68,  absent  sick  at  m.o.  Regt. 
Turner  John  G.  e.  Aug.  16,  '62,  desrrd.  .Sept.  8.  '62. 
Taggert  Robert  M.  e.  Aug.  30.  '63.  disd.  June  23,  '63,  disab. 
Tyler  Cassius  M.  e.  Aug.  18,  '62,  desrtd.  Sept.  11.  '62. 
Van  Volsoii  Joshua,  e.  .-Vug.  11,  '62,  m.o.  July  29,  '65,  furlough. 
Walker  Samuel,  e,  .\ug.  18,  '62.  desrtd.  Sept.  11,  '62. 
Wasterman  Charles  C.  e.  Aug.  19,  '68,  desrtd.  Sept.  4,  '63. 
Walsh  Edward,  e.  Aug.  13.  '62,  desrtd.  Jan.  19,  '63. 
Walsh  John.  e.  Sept.  17,  '63.  m.o.  Aug.  5.  '65. 
Walsh  James,  e.  Sept.  17.  '68,  sergt.  died  at  Jefferson  Barracks. 

Mo.  April  1.  '64. 
Walsh  William,  e.  Sept.  17,  '68,  m.o.  Aug.  5,  '65. 

COMPANY  K. 

Captain. 

Lyman  W.  Clark,  com.  Aug.  38,  '63,  pro.  Maj. 

.Sergeant. 
Burch  Preston  H.  e.  Feb.  15,  '62.  died  at  Young's  Pt.  Feb.  8.  '63. 

Corporal. 

Balfour  James,  e.  Aug.  15,  '63,  dlsd  March  8,  '63,  disab. 

Privates. 

Alder  George,  e.  Aug.  28,  "62,  trans,  to  Co.  C. 

Alexander  Gilbert,  e.  Aug.  18.  '62,  trans,  to  co.  C. 

Carroll  Michael,  e.  July  23,  '63,  trans,  to  co.  C. 

Cllver  Thomas  H.  e.  Aug.  28.  '63,  desrtd.  Oct.  5,  '63. 

Evans  David,  e.  Aug.  4.  '63.  trans,  to  co  C. 

Guy  Samuel  S.  e.  Aug.  12,  '62,  absent,  sick,  supposed  dlsd. 

Howard  John,  e.  .A.ug.  38.  '6'3,  m.o,  Aug.  5,  '65. 

Hulen  Patrick,  e.  Aug.  22.  '63,  trans,  to  co.  C. 

King  Alexander,  e.  July  38,  '63,  trans,  to  co.  I. 

Leonard  John  C.  e.  Aug,  15,  '68,  desrtd.  Oct.  5.  63. 

O'Nell  Peter,  e.  July  17,  '62,  died  at  Memphis.  March  89,  '64. 

Pattee  John  F.  e.  Aug.  15.  '62,  m.o.  Aug.  5,  '65. 

Robbie  August,  e.  Aug.  11.  '62.  desrtd.  Oct.  11,  '62. 

Snyder  Daniel  H.  e.  Aug.  6,  '62.  desrtd.  (let.  7,  '62. 

Tinker  Daniel  A.  e.  Aug.  15,  '63,  dlsd.  Aug.  36,  '64,  disab, 

Vandover  Gilbert,  e.  Aug.  15.  '63.  m.o.  Aug.  5.  '65. 

Wham  .John  I.  e.  Aug.  28.  '63,  dlsd.  March  8.  '65.  disab. 

Yaw  George  L.  e.  Aug.  12,  '63,  absent,  sick,  supposed  dlsd. 

Unasslgned  Kecruits. 

Davidson  Jamea,  e.  Feb.  84.  '65,  m.o.  May  36,  '65. 
McQulrk  Bernard,  e.  Sept.  38,  '64. 
Swartwood  Henry,  e. sub. 

25 


113th  Infantry. 

COMPANY  D. 
Privates, 

Keazel  John  D.  e.  Aug.  13.  '62.  m.o.  June  20.  '65,  as  oorpl. 
Sergeant  Jeremiah,  e.  Aug.  12,  '63,  died  at  Lexington,  Ky.  Feb. 
17.  '63. 

Recruit. 
Dardls  Michael,  e.  Jan.  34,  '65,  tr.ans.  to  65th  III.  Inf. 


113th  Infantry. 


Wilson  Samuel  A.  e. 


Serjeant  Major. 

reduced  to  ranks  co.  F  June  1,  '65. 

COMPANY    B. 

Lieutenant. 

First.  John  Jeffcoat,  com.  Aug.  36.  '63,  m.o.  June  80,  '65.  pro. 

from  3d  Lieut. 

Corporals. 
RonnsavlUe  Milton  H.  e.  Aug.  9.  '68,  sergt.  absent,  sick  at  m.o. 

regt. 
Blair  Loyal  S.  e.  Aug.  8,  '68,  died  at  Mllllken's  Bend,  May  3.  '63. 
Btanchet  John  R.  e.  Aug.  11,  '63,  m.o.  June  20,  '65,  as  sergt. 

Musician. 

Nicholas  Albert  T.  e.  Aug.  15.  '62,  m.o.  June  20,  '65,  as  private. 

Privates. 
Beech  Riley  V.  e.  Aug.  6,  '63.  m.o.  July  1,  '65,  as  prlsr.  of  war. 
Carroll  Thomas,  e.  Aug.  9,  '62,  m.o.  June  30,  '65,  as  corpl. 
Fundy  John,  e.  Aug.  9,  '62,  m.o.  June  20,  '65. 
Shays  George  E.  e.  Aug.  5,  '65,  died  July  30,  '63. 
Van  Valkenburg  Geo.  T.  e.  Aug.  7,  '63,  died  at  St.  Louis.  April 

3,  '63. 
Wheel  Alexander,  e.  Aug.  13,  '63,  desrtd. 

COMPANY  IB. 

Recruits. 

Blttle  Melcheur,  e.  March  3.  '65.  trans,  to  130th  III.  Int. 
Behrens  Ferdinand,  e.  March  8,  '65.  trans,  to  130th  III.  Inf. 
Deitz  Andrew,  e.  March  10,  '65,  trans,  to  130th  III.  inf. 
Edller  Lawrence,  e.  March  8.  '65,  trans,  to  130tb  III.  Inf. 
Steellg  Christian,  e.  March  8,  '65,  trans,  to  120th  III,  Inf. 

COMPANY  F. 

Recruit. 

Wilson  Samuel  A.  e.  Nov.  4,  '63.  trans,  to  130th  111.  Inf. 

COMPANY  H. 

Private. 

Hall  Moses  W.  e.  Aug.  11,  '63,  died  at  Corinth,  Miss.  Sept.  6,  '63. 

Unassigned  Recruit. 

Schulre  JohnG.  e.  Feb.  84,  '6.3,  m.o.  May  11,  '66. 


114th  Infantry. 


COMPANY  E. 

Lieutenant. 

First,  Lewis  R.  Hedrlck,  com.  May  87,  '65,  not  m.o.  cas  2d  Ueut.J 

Sergeant. 
Pettlbone  Ashley,  Aug.  11,  '62,  disd.  Aug.  3,  '64,  as  private. 

Privates. 

Contrail  Edward  D.  e.  Aug.  11,  '63,  fifer,  died  at  Vicksburg 

July  11,  '63. 
Lemows  Joseph,  e.  Aug.  15,  '63.  m.o.  Aug.  3.  '65,  pris.  of  war. 
Pettlcord  Hlgglnson,  Aug.  11,  '63,  m.  o.  Aug  3,  '65. 
Rhodes  Wni.  K.  e.  Aug.  11,  '62.  died  at  Memphis  March  19,  '63. 
South  Leonard,  e.  Aug.  14,  '63,  m.o.  Aug.  3,  '65. 
Wells  John,  e.  Aug.  13,  '62,  dlsd.  April  9,  '64,  disab. 

Recruit. 

George  James  M.  e.  Aug.  11,  '62,  trans,  to  58th  III.  Inf. 

COMPANY  I. 

Corporal. 

Woodron  Samuel,  e.  July  25.  '62,  died  Keokuk,  la.  Jan.  20,  '63. 

Privates. 
Atkinson  Robert  V,  e.  July  25,  '63.  m.o.  July  15.  '65.  prls.  war. 
Johnson  Orren  D.  e.  July  85,  '62.  died  at  Memphis  Jan.  18,  '68. 
McCane  Wm.  e.  July  25.  '82,  m.o.  Aug.  3,  '65,  prls.  war. 
Sayle  Amos,  e.  July  25,  '63,  m.o.  Aug.  3,  '66. 


394 


PEORIA   POUNTY    WAR   RECORD. 


lHJth    Infantry. 

COM  I' ANY   Ci. 
Corporal. 

Voliiey  Prosper,  e.  Aug.  14.  ^i.  in.o.  June  7.  *65,  prlf.  wuprla. 


118th  Infantry. 


Recruit. 
Fewy  Uark.  e.  Feb.  10,  '64,  in.o.  Oct.  1.  '65. 


12;J(1    Infantry. 

Uiiu.<i«lf nv<l    ICevrult. 
Murrmy  James,  e.  March  23,  '65. 


130tli  Infantry  (as  Revived). 

co.np.ANV  F. 

Captain. 

JoUn  D.  Rouse,  com.  Sept.  2,  '62.  lu.o.  \ug.  15,  '65. 


132d  Infantry  (lOO  days). 

CO.UPANY    U. 
LileotenaDl. 
First,  H.  A.  Anderson,  com.  June  1.  'tf4,  m.o.  Oct.  17,  '64. 

Sereeant. 
First,  Olbson  Amlrew  P.  e.  May  2.  '64.  m.o.  Oct.  IT,  '64. 

Musician. 
Thatcher  William,  e.  .May  9,  '64,  m.o.  Oct.  17,  'B4. 

Waifouer. 

Darnel  John,  e.  May  9,  '64,  m.o.  Oct.  17,  '64. 

Privates. 

Bradsbanr  Charles  e.  .May  13.  '64.  m.o.  Oct.  17.  '64. 
Beesm,  Charles  .N,  e.  May  5.  '64.  ui.o.  Oi't.  17.  '64. 
Diirliv  riiTirv  n   .    Mn  ..    114   jn.o.  Oct.  17.  '64. 
K  I  •.  I    ni.u.  Oil,  17.  '64. 

I  ■84,  filed  Pailncah.  Ky.  July  12.  '64. 

II  'tn.  111".  Oct.  17,  '64. 

II  ■      ''   I  at  home  Aug.  14,  '64. 

•I  ■  ■•  '.  17.  '1)4. 

1.  ■   iK-l.  17.  '64. 

Oi  '.    m.o.  Oct.  17.  '64. 

IMuiiiiiii  r  t  li.irlc3  II.  <-.  .M.i)   lu.  -64.  m.o.  Oct.  17,  '64. 
Knttliiioli  Jlimet,  r.  M;iy  '.;.  "64.  ni.it.  Oct.  ir  '64. 
Rk-hanUuti  K.  I>.  e.  Mu\  5,  '64,  m.u.  Oct.  K.  '64, 
RITer  Msf.liew,  e.  Mav  26.  '64.  m.o.  dcL  17.  '64. 
Hmllh  WillLiin.  e.  May  2.  '61.  mo.  Oct.  17.  '64. 
Welloii  I'harli'i  I",  e.  May  5.  64,  m.o,  l>ct.  17.  64. 


Itecrult. 

-  m.n.  Oi-I.  17.  •64. 


Banholoinew  A.  u. 

Private. 
PrrudenburRcr  Kdward.  «.  .Moy  12,  '64,  m,o,  Sept.  24,  '64. 

l.'tmii  Infantry  (lOO  Days). 

<*olcinel. 
Peter  Davidson,  com.  June  1,  '64,  m.o.  Oct.  38.  '64. 

Adjutant. 

David  M.  Sanderson,  com.  June  1,  '64,  m.o.  Oct  28,  '64. 

(luartermaiiter. 

John  llryner,  com.  Ms)  18.  '64,  m.o.  Oct.  28.  '64. 

COMI'ANV    A. 
SerKeiints. 

Ijutilor  t^lnaril  II.  r   .M.iy  7.  '1)4,  m.o.  Oct.  28,  '64 

Corporal*. 
Enu  Thomas,  e.  May  V,  '64,  m.o,  Ocu  28,  '64. 

Private*. 

Cllfion  Joseph  H.  e.  Juno  I.  64.  m.o.  Oct.  28.  '64 
Fanleii  Jamei,  e.  Majr  II,  '04   mo.  Oct   28,  '64. 
Leoiiaril  John  H.  e.  .\Isv  9.  '64,  m  o.  Ocl    28,  '64 
.Shaw  Jamea  F.  e.  May  b,  '64.  m.o.  Oct  28,  '64. 


Shepard  Mortimer  H.  e.  May  10.  '64.  ra.a  Oct  (g,  '64. 
Thompson  Henry  B.  e.  Mav  ».  '64,  m.o.  Oct  28,  '64. 
Thomas  Charles  H.  e.  May  9.  '64,  mo.  Oct  28.  '64. 

COMPANY  C. 
Private*. 

Campbell  Jame«  B.  e.  May  S.  '64.  m.o.  Oct  28.  "64  aa  eorpL 
Lawless  Thomas,  e.  May  5.  "64,  m.o.  Oct  28.  '64. 
Lynch  Jameik  e.  May  7,  64,  m.o.  Oct.  28,  '64. 

COMPANY  B. 
Captain, 
Oeorfe  W.  Odell.  com.  June  1.  '64.  m.o.  Oct.  28,  '64. 

Lleutenanta. 
First,  Henry  M.  Bvani,  com  June  1.  '64.  m.o.  Oct.  28.  '64. 
Second.  AlOQSO  Attwood,  cotn.  Juue  1,  '64,  m.o.  Oct  S8.  '64. 

Serseanta, 

Ilorslpy  Thomas  E.  e.  May  '.»7.  *64.  m.o.  Oct.  28.  '64 
Orr  waihiiii.  e.  May  7.  ■Ii4.  liici  o<l   28 


l"P(i.ilc  .luhu,  .Sr  e   May  20.   64.  i 
Sopcr  .libert  e.  May  27.  '64,  m.o 


64.  a4  private. 
mo.  oi-i.  28.  '64. 
Oct  28.  '64. 


Corporals. 

Clarldge  Francis  A.  e.  Mar  lu.  '64.  m.o.  Oct.  28.  '64. 
Curran  Ebon.  e.  May  4,  '64.  mo.  ort.  28.  '64,  as  private. 
Molfatt  Alvah,  e.  May  4.  '64,  m.o.  Oct  28,  '64. 

Musicians. 
Grove  Ruben  M.  e.  May  19.  '64.  m.o.  Oct  28  '64. 
Craudall  John  W.  e.  May  14,  '64.  m.o.  Oct.  28,  '64. 

Waironer. 
Brooks  Earl,  e.  May  5,  '64.  m  u.  Oct  28,  '64. 
Privates. 

Barfoot  l^dward  A.  e.  Mav  6.  '64.  m.o.  Oct  28,  '64. 

Itanies  James  U.  e.  Ma)  J4.  '64.  m.o.  Oct.  28,  '64. 

Breed  Wllllatn  H.  e.  Mav  111,  '64,  m.o.  Oct  28,  '64. 

Cook  James  II.  e.  April  27.  '64.  ui.o.  Feb.  18,  '65,  to  dale  Oct    18. 

'64. 
Couae  Irveii.  e.  .Ma\  *•-  '»>*   m  <•   1 1,  i    vs    ■».4 
Cummins  Tbunia-   '  >v   '04. 

Camp  James.  M.  1  in.  Aug.  2,  '64 

Dunlev\  Andrew.  .  .    -(,4 

Deel  William,  e.  .Mav   1,.    ..1,  m    ■    ■•    1    ■_•-     i.l. 
Dt.uKla-  Sam  or  Uni.  e.  .Ma>  14.   04.  mo.  ihl    15,  '64.  to  re-e. 


m.  e.  .May  17.  'tl4,  m. 


Kiiki'S  U  III! 
D.al  Jam.  ~  ■>  ■  ^1 
Dul'cinl  U  II 
llulxinl  Wil 
KlllliK'l"M  I.' 
Ilalri   \i 

llt'<ln 

lla\i>  V. 

Ilartlliil  hat 
Hart  I'llnj   N 
Hackney  W.it 
llarneliy  Zelnilot  . 
lluhcock  or  llllclx 
HnrrlfMi  Irs  It  .• 
II'    , -• 


l.UiMV  .Vliialialii  U.  I.  -Ma)  1  7. 
Mollall  .li»i'pli  W.  e.  Ma\  4.  '6  1 
M'-MMtf-r  II--riri    c   ^I:n  <l   •»•,  i 


(><-l   •,»M,  ■K4 


1.1.  Ml  ..    .1.  :     Js.    1,4- 
3  4.  'Ii4.  m.o.  ih-t  28,  '64- 


28,  '64 
>.4. 
■  I. 

I. 
28.  '64. 

■64. 

Oct.  88.  '64. 
>>4,  corpL 


28,  '64. 
64. 


Iv  25.  '64. 

■  64. 
1.4. 

''  1. 

64. 
--.  '64. 

.'8,  '64, 
-   '64. 

■  64. 

■■■  Oct  28,  '64. 


Kw««i>  Ml.  Itrt.'l.  « 
HheeIrr  William  1: 
Sondi  r*  .I..liii  !■  . 
T 


-•'li. 


'64. 


I 


ii4. 
'it. 
64. 


WakrllelU  llclir),  p-   Mm}  ^5,    04,  m  o.  tlrl,  28, 

WlliioM  RlrhanI,  e.  May  25.  '64,  m.o.  t>rt  28,  ( 


•64. 

«4. 


COMPANY    K. 


Captain, 

Derman  w  Know,  oom,  June  1.  '64.  m.o.  Oct.  28.  '64. 

Lleulenanta, 

First  Apiileton  K.  Fitch,  coni.  June  1,  '64,  m.o.  Oct.  28.  '64 
Heoond,  James  C.  McKensle.  com.  June  1,  "64,  m.o.  Oct  18.  '64. 


PEORIA  COUNTY   WAR   RECOKD 


395 


Sergenntn. 

Kirsl,  Sclioles  Samuel  D.  e.  May  13.  '64,  m.o.  Oct.  28.  '64. 
Tapbaiii  Levi  A.  e.  May  12,  '64,  m.o.  Oct.  28.  '64. 
Carter  (ieo.  K.  e.  May  16.  '64,  m.o.  Oct.  28.  '64. 
Wanii  William  O.  e.  May  14,  '64,  in.o.  Oct.  28.  '64. 

Corporals. 

Farr  Robert  L.  e.  May  16.  '64.  m.o.  Oct.  28,  '64. 
Scholes  Thomas  .1.  e.  May  14.  '64.  m.o.  Oct.  28,  '64. 
Krost  John  B.  e.  May  24,  '64,  m.o.  Oct.  28,  '64, 
Rummell  Chas.  F.  e.  May  19,  '64,  m.o.  Oct.  28,  '64. 
Stilwell  Robert  J.  e.  May  25,  '64,  m.o.  Oct.  88,  '64. 

Mnsician. 

Towers  Calvin  G.  e.  May  12,  '64,  m.o.  Oct.  28,  '64. 

Privates. 

Aiibolt  (Jeorge  S.  e.  May  19,  '64,  ni.i>.  Oct.  28,  '64. 

.\lleinonT  Robert,  e.  May  14.  '64.  m.o.  Oct.  28,  '64. 

.\ustiii  Clias.  .S.  e.  May  12.  '64.  trans,  to  Co.  C. 

AylliiK  Clias.  \V.  e.  May  18.  '64.  m.o.  Oct.  28,  '64. 

Kliss  \Vm.  £.  e.  .May  24.  '64.  m.o.  Oct.  15,  '64  to  re-e. 

Ballance  Charles,  e.  May  30.  '64.  m.o.  Oct.  28.  '64. 

Barlnger  Horatio  G.  e.  May  12,  '64,  m.o.  Oct.  28.  '64. 

Bovd  John,  e.  May  12.  '64,  m.o.  Oct.  28,  '64. 

Barnum  Win.  C.  e.  May  12,  '64,  m.o.  Oct.  28.  '64. 

Brook.s  Thomas  G.  e.  May  12,  '64.  m.o.  Oct..  28.  '64. 

Brown  cliarles,  e.  May  19.  '64,  m.o.  Oct.  28.  '64. 

Barstow  ,\lfred.  e.  May  12.  '64.  m.o.  Oct.  28.  '64. 

Coweli  Joseph  H.  e.  May  12.  '64,  m.o.  Oct.  28.  '64. 

Catlyii  James,  Jlay  21,  '64,  m.o.  Oct.  28,  '64. 

Coinesys  Charles  M.  e.  Mav  16,  '64,  m.o.  Oct.  28.  '64. 

ConraU  Oliver,  e.  May  12.  '64.  m.o.  Oct.  28.  '64. 

Clarke  Emit  M.  e.  May  21.  '64,  m.o.  Oct.  28.  '64. 

Clau,son  Henry  J.  e.  Mav  20,  '64,  m.o.  Oct.  28,  '64. 

Day  Freil  J.  e.  May  13,  "64,  m.o.  Oct.  28,  '64, 

Day  Wm.  H.  e.  May  12,  '64,  m.o.  Oct..  28,  '64, 

Davis  Edward  L.  e.  May  13,  '64,  m.o.  Oct.  28.  '64. 

Kl.son  Martin,  e.  M.av  12.  '64.  m.o.  Oct.  28,  '64. 

Fuller  Jonas,  e.  Mav  19,  '64,  died  at  Merrimac  Sta.  Mo.  Oct.8.'64 

Fuller  Jonas  J.  e.  May  19.  '64.  m.o.  Oct.  28,  '64. 

Feighmer  Francis  L.  e.  Mav  13,  '64,  m.o.  Oct.  28,  '64. 

Gray  Bushrod.  c.  May  16.  '64.  m.o.  Oct.  28,  '64. 

Gillet  Edward,  e.  May  11,  '64.  m.o.  Oct.  28,  '64. 

Gray  James  A.  e.  May  11,  64,  m.o.  Oct.  26,  '64. 

Haraaker  Abram  G  e.  May  17,  '64.  m.o.  Oct.  28,  '64. 

Hoag  Albert  S.  e.  May  18.  '64.  m.o.  Oct.  28,  '64. 

Horendin  George  W.  e.  .May  16.  "64,  m.o.  Oct.  28,  '64. 

Hunter  William  F.  e.  Mav  14.  '64.  m.o.  Oct.  28.  '64. 

Harsch  Goodly,  e.  May  14,  '64,  m.o.  Oct.  28,  '64. 

Hotcbkiss  Jaihes  M.  e.  May  20.  '64.  m.o.  Oct.  15,  '64,  to  re-e. 

Jetfries  Thomas,  e.  May  21.  '64,  m.o.  Oct.  38,  '64. 

Keeler  Edmond,  e.  May  19,  '64.  m.o.  Oct.  15,  '64,  to  re-e. 

Kent  (ieorge  V.  e.  Mav  13.  '64,  m.o.  Oct.  28.  '64. 

Loomis  Charles  M.  e.  May  20.  '64  m.o.  Oct,  28,  '64. 

Lathy  J.  F.  e.  May  12.  '64,  m.o.  Oct.  28,  '64. 

Morrow  Nathan,  e.  May  23,  "64,  m.o.  Oct.  28,  '64. 

.McKenzie  William,  e.  May  11,  '64.  m.o.  Oct.  28,  '64. 

.Moore  Herschel  J.  e.  Mav  16.  '64.  m.o.  Oct.  28.  '64. 

Miller  Charles,  e.  Mav  li.  '64.  m  o.  Oct.  28.  '64. 

Moore  Thomas  Fold.  e.  Mav  11.  '64.  m.o.  Oct.  15,  '64,  to  re-e. 

Paige  Kascoe  F.  e.  May  26,  '64,  m.o.  Oct.  28.  '64. 

Patten  .Joseph  G.  e.  May  12.  '64,  m.o.  Oct.  28,  '64. 

Patten  Robert,  e.  Mav  12.  '64.  m.o.  Oct.  28,  '64. 

Quinn  Frederick,  e.  May  16.  '64,  m.o.  Oct.  28.  '64. 

Rauschkolb  Peter  C.  Mav  20.  '64,  m.o.  Oct.  28,  '64. 

Rouse  Kudolphns.  e.  May  12.  '64,  m.o.  Oct.  28.  '64. 

Steel  Lewis  G.  e.  Mav  21,  '64.  m.o.  Oct.  28.  '64. 

Smith  Fra  klin.  e.  Jlav  12,  '64,  m.o.  Oct.  28,  '64. 

Sharp  William,  e.  May  12.  '64,  m.o.  Oct.  2S.  '64. 

Steinke  Tlieodore  G.  e.  Mav  26.  '64.  m.o.  Oct.  28,  '64. 

Stowell  Albert  N.  e.  May  24.  '64.  m.o.  Oct.  15,  '64,  to  re-e, 

Thompson  James  B.  e.  M;iv  13.  64,  trans,  to  co.  C. 

VanDor.n  Jacob,  e.  Mav  16,  '64,  m.o.  Oct.  28,  '64. 

Wertzel  William,  e.  May  16.  '64.  m.o.  Oct.  28.  '64, 

Whitham  Joseph  S.  e.  Mav  16.  '64,  m.o.  Oct.  28.  '64. 

Wilbur  Charles  B.  e.  Mav  16,  '64,  m.o.  Oct,  28.  '64. 

Williamson  Fianklin,  e.  Mav  16,  '64,  m.o.  Oct.  28,  '64. 

Weigaiid  Philip,  e.  Mav  12.  '64.  m.o.  Oct.  28,  '64. 

Wright  Roswell  B.  e.  .Ma\  14,  '64,  m.o.  Oct.  28,  '64. 

Whittlesey  Henry  B.  e.  .\tay  14,  '64,  m.o.  Oct.  28,  '64. 

COMPANY  G. 

Privates. 

Britton  Andrew,  e.  May  30,  '64,  m.o.  Oct.  28.  '64. 
McCraw  Geo.  e.  May  20,  '64,  m.o,  Aug.  15,  '64.  to  re-e. 
Wilcox  Chas.  L.  e.  May  30.  '64.  m.o.  Oct.  28.  '64. 

COMPANY'  H. 

Prlvatefi. 

Burns  Quinstus.  e.  .M.ay  24.  '64.  m.o.  Oct.  28.  '64. 
Cox  Thomas,  e.  Mav  31.  '64.  m.o.  Oct.  28.  '64. 
Dolstrniu  John,  e.  May  24.  '64,  m,o.  Oct.  28.  '64. 
Plum  Daniel,  e.  Mav  24,  '64,  m.o.  Oct.  28.  '64. 
Richmond  Austin,  e.  .Mav  24.  '64.  m.o.  Oct.  28,  '64. 
ShellenbargerChas.  J.  e.  May  24,  '64,  m.o.  Oct.  28,  '84. 
Williamson  David,  e.  May  23.  '64,  desrtd.  June  5,  '64. 
Wataon  James  T.  e.  May  30.  '64,  m.o,  Oct,  28.  '84. 


HIttle  Henry,  e 


COMPANY  I. 

Privates. 

May  84, '64,  m,o,  Oct.  28. 


'64. 


146th  lulautry  (One  Year). 

COMPANY   F. 

Privates. 

Frazee  Henry,  e.  Sept.  15,  '64,  m.o.  July  8,  '65. 
Gllstiap  Levi,  e.  Sept.  15,  '64,  m.o.  July  8,  '65. 

COMPANY  G. 

Privates. 

Bybee  William  H.  e.  Sept.  5,  '64,  disrt,  April  8.  '65.  disab. 

Barkley  Henry,  e.  Sept.  5,  '64.  di.sd.  June  12.  '65. 

Button  Almon  M.  e.  Sept.  6.  '64,  m.o.  July  8.  '65. 

Cassel  George,  e.  Sept.  6,  '64,  m.o.  July  8.  '65. 

Heller  Daniel  H.  e.  Sept.  5,  '64,  m.o.  July  8,  '65,  as  corpl. 

Jerome  Samuel,  e.  Sept.  5.  '64,  m.o.  July  8.  '65. 

Jerome  Elias.  e.  Sept,  5,  '64,  m.o.  July  8.  '65. 

Llsenbv  John  W.  e.  Sept.  5.'  64.  died  at  Camp  Butler.  111.  Jan. 

4.  '65. 
Llsenby  Geo.W.  e.  Sept.  5, '64,  died  at  Camp  Butler,  Ill.Feb.5,'65. 
Miller  John  H.  e.  Sept.  5.  '64.  m.o.  July  8,  '65. 
Orton  Luther  M.  e.  Sept.  5,  '64,  m.o.  July  8,  '65,  as  corpl. 
Ramsey  William  R.  e,  Sept.  5,  '64,  died  at  Camp  Butler,  III. 

Jan.  16,  '65. 
Sharp  William  F.  e.  Sept.  5,  '64,  m.o.  July  8.  '65. 
Shell  Milton,  e.  Sept.  5,  '64,  disd.  June  1'2,  '65. 
Stutes  Perry,  e.  Sept.  5.  absent  sick  at  m.o.  of  reg, 
Thomas  Daniel  C.  e.  Sept.  5.  '64,  m.o.  July  8,  '65. 
Thoip  John  W.  e.  Sept.  5  '64.  m.o.  July  8.  '65. 
Wren  Oscar,  e.  Sept.  5.  '64,  m.o.  July  8.  '65. 

COMPANY  I. 

Lieatenant. 

Secoud,  John  D.  Hechatliorn,  com.  Jan. 
m.o.  as  sergt.  July  8,  '65. 


29,  '65,  not  mustered. 


.Sergeants. 

Mnrchant  Sam.  P.  e.  Aug.  30,  '64,  disd.  June  17.  '65asprl.  disab. 
Barber  John  C.  e.  Sept.  2,  '64.  disd.  June  14,  '65. 
Heckathorn  Jno.D.  e.Sept.  2, '64,  (sub.)  com.  as  2d  Lieut,  but  not 
mustered,  m.o.  July  8,  '65  as  1st  sergt. 

Corporals. 

Smith  Martin  V.  e.  Sept.  2.  '64.  m.o.  July  8,  '65  as  sergt. 

Cloud  William  M.  e.  Aug.  30.  '64.  (sub.)  m.o.  July  8.  '65  as  sergt. 

Musiciaus. 

Gass  Geo.  M.  e.  Aug.  24.  '64.  m.o.  July  8.  '65  as  pri. 
Pitt  Fred.  H.  e.  Aug.  30.  '64.  m.o.  July  8.  '65  as  prI. 

Privates. 

Aukland  Shradrack,  e.  Aug.  31.  '64.  m.o.  July  8.  '65. 

Adlemau  Chas.  e.  .Sept.  1.  '64.  disd.  June  14.  '65. 

Beasmore  Robert  G.  e.  Sept.  6.  '64,  <lisd.  June  14,  '65. 

Beaity  ,Iohn.  e.  Aug.  31,  "64.  m.o.  July  6.  '65 

Burt  Edward  R.  e.  Aug.  26.  '64.;m,o.  July  8.  '65. 

Barnes  Joshua,  e.  .\ug.  29,  '64,  m.o.  July  8.  '65. 

Brown  Millard  F,  e.  Sept.  5.  '64,  disd.  June  15.  '65. 

Bamber  Robert,  e.  Sept.  5.  '64.  m.o.  July  8.  '65. 

Boden  Simon  J.  e.  Sept.  1.  '64,  m.o.  July  8.  '65  sub. 

Culp  Franklin  B.  e.  Aug.  31.  '64.  m.o.  July  8.  '65  as  musician, 

Conrad  Willham  E.  e.  Sept.  5.  '64,  m.o.  July  8,  '65. 

Cress  Andrew  J.  e.  Aug.  31,  '64,  disd,  April  13,  '65. 

Donahue  Chas.  fli.  e.  Sept.  6.  '64.  m.o.  July  8,  '65  as  musician. 

Bunbar  Robert,  e.  Sept.  8,  '64,  disd.  June  14,  '65. 

Dougherty  Samuel  H.  e.  Sept.  9,  '64,  disd.  June  14,  '65  disab. 

Forbes  Henry,  e.  Sept.  13.  "64.  m.o.  July  8.  '65. 

Fosdick  John.  e.  Sept.  6.  '64.  absent  without  leave  since  April 

20.  '65.  reported  as  desrtd. 
Gates  James  F.  e.  Sept.  7.  '64.  m.o.  July  8.  '65.  sub. 
Higgins  Oscar  S.  e.  Sept.  1.  '64.  m.o.  July  8.  '65. 
Hiner  Isaac,  e.  Aug.  24.  '64.  died  at  Camp  Butler  Feb.  13.  '65. 
Hartz  John  H.  e.  .Sept.  2,  '64,  m.o.  July  8,  '65. 
Holt  Jonah  F.  e.  Sept.  2.  '64.  m.o.  July  8.  '65. 
Jones  .Viniis  P.  e.  Sept,  1,  '64,  m.o.  July  8.  '65. 
LoiiK  Tlioin:is.  e.  Sept,  5,  '64,  m.o.  July  8,  '65, 
Mc(  ulliiUK-li  Isaac  P.  e.  Sept.  25,  '64,  m.o.  July  8,  '65. 
Merrill  John,  e.  Sept.  6,  '64,  pro.  2d  Lieut.  Co.  K,  47th  111.  Inf. 

.March  23,  '65. 
McMullln  Absolom,  e.  Sept.  5,  '64,  disd.  June  15.  '65. 
McMullin  Chas.  E.  e.  Sept.  1.  '64.  disd.  June  14.  '65. 
Robinson  Thomas.  H.  e.  Aug.  29.  '64.  m.o.  July  8.  '65. 
Rogers  James,  e.  Sept.  5, '64.  m.o.  .luly  8. '65.  sub. 
Rogers  David,  e.  Sept.  5."64.  m.o.  July  8. '65.  sub. 
Reed  Campbell  M.  e.  Sept.  10.'64,  m.o.  July  8. '65. 
Storey  Jacob,  e.  Sept.  29. '64.  m.o.  July  8. '65. 
Schleigh  Robert  P.  e.  Sept.  6. '64.  m.o.  July  8, '65. sub. 
Schrader  William.  e.Sept.  5. '64.  m.o.  July  8. "85.  sub. 
Stilwell  John.  e.  Sept.  9, '64,  m.o.  July  8. '65. 
Tusshig  Joseph  A.  e.  Sepl.  8,'64,  m.o.  July  8, '65,  as  corpl.  sub. 
Upton  Thomas  S.  e.  Aug.  25. "64,  m.o.  July  8, '65. 
w'atts  Geo.  W.  e.  Aug.  30. '64,  m.o.  July  8,'65. 
Westeraeld  Samuel  F.  e.  Aug.  31, '64,  m.o.  JuIt  8,'6S. 


896 


PEORIA  COUXTY  WAR  RECORD. 


Rremlta. 

Cr»wfonl  OtoTgt.  e.  Sent.  lS/64.  dMrtd.  Oct  20. '64. 
Smlih  \v».i<'.  e.  M»rch  SS."65.  m.o.  July  8.  65- 


147tli  Infantry. 

COMI'ANV  n. 
C€>r|»orftI, 
McGregor  Wllllim.  e.  Keli,  l.tii.  Uls<l.  Jun«  32. '85.  (ll»»l>. 

COMPANY   1. 
Private. 

Mllbun  Augiut,  e.  Feb.  6.'65,  mo.  J.in.  20, 'SB. 


14Kth   Infantry. 

COMP.VNY   C. 


C'€iri>»»rHl. 
Smith  James  W.  e.  Feb. '65.  iu.i>.  -May  25. '65. 
Private". 

Clark  ThmiLxs  M.  e.  Vvh.  8. '85.  absent  slrk  at  m.o  of  reRlment. 

Grilltr  KilK.i"-. .-.  1.  I.   K.ti5.  m.o  S.pt   S.'jiS. 

llali'V  W.MjlIeii.  f.  Kch    8.65.  m.o.  Stpt.  5.  ti5. 

Hill  John.  .■.  Fil>.  S.'tii.  mo.  Si-pt.  5  'BS. 

Hirl.irs  llalrO.  e.  Ki-b.  K.'65.  mo.  Sept.  5.  bS. 

llllM.r  K.lKar.f.  Feb.  8.'B5.  m  o.  Si-pt.  5.  O.'S. 

.MtClary  John  1'.  l'.  Kfb    8.  8.V  ni.o.Hept.  5.  65. 

Sbeplicr.l  John  M.  e.  Fob.  8. '65.  m  o.  Sept  .■S.'bS.  M  corpL 

Sbofo  .lobli  W.  e.  Ki-b.  8.'65.  m.o,  .Si-pl.  5.  65. 

Bmlth  Uobert  S.  e.  Feb.  8,'li5.  m.o.  ,»MMit.  5.  0.5. 

Baylor  Joseph  F.  e.  Feb.  S.'«5.  m.o.  .-sept.  5,  65. 

Taylor  Wm.  F.  c.  Feb.  8. '65.  m.o.  .'Slay  24. 'b5. 

COMP.VNV  F. 

Corporal. 

Armor  Geo.  W.  o.  Feb.  11. '65.  vet.  m.o.  Sept.  5  '65.  as  «erBt. 

Privates. 
BUkewell  John,  e.  Feb.  11. '65.  m.o.  Sept.  5.'fi5. 
Co.-Samu.l  K.  e.  Feb.  11. '65.  ni.o.  Sept.  5.  6.V 
Dlloii  Uarrl.s.iii  W.  e.  Fell.  11. '65.  m.o.  .Sept.  5.  85. 
KJillIiK*  Marllli  M   e..Iaii.  30.'85.  m.o.  Sept.  5.  85. 
Mver»J..r-..li.S.  t.  Feb.  1 1. '85.  m.o.  Sept   5. '65. 
Plielp.  cieorne.  e.Feb.  «.'li5.  m.o.  Jiilv  22- 65. 
Ree.l  .Morrow  F.  e.  Feb  II  '6.'.,  m.o.  Sept.  5. '65. 
Kee.l  .lohri  C.  e.  Feb.  11, '6.5.  m  ■).  .Sept.  5.'65. 
RouMils  William,  e.  Feb.  11. '6.5.  m.o.   Sept.  5.'B5. 
Stiy.lcr  Martin  II.  e.  Feb.  II, '65.  mo.  Sept.  5,'85. 
Wblte  OeorKe.  e.  Feb.  II. •85.  m.o.  .Sept.  5,  65. 

CO.Ml'ANY  r.. 
I'rlvatea. 
MoBatt  Joseph  W.  e.  Feb.  '2,  '65.  m.o.  Sept.  5, '65. 
fioffatt  Atiullla,  e.  Feb.  6,  'is.dle.!  at  .Nashville,  Tenn.  April  9. 

Ray  Charlev  «.  Feb.  8  '85,  .le"t.l   Feb   17.  'SS. 
Rol.erl.'>..n  (ieorire.  c.  Feb.  4.  '65,  desrtd.  Feb.  19,  '85. 
StllKvll  Kobert  J.  e.  Jan.  2b.  b-l.  m.o.  S.pt.  li.   65. 
f  ppole  Win.  H.  e.  Feb.  4.  '65.  m.o.  Sept.  5.  '65. 
Uppole  John,  e.  Feb.  4,   65.  m.o.  sent.  5,  '65. 
Wheeler  I.ewl»,  e.  Feb.  1.  '65.  m.o.  Sept.  5,  '6B. 

CO.MI'ANY  I. 

I'rivate. 
Walter  V.  W.  e.  Feb.  11,  '85.  m.o.  June  19,  '«!V. 

140l]i  Iiilantry. 

COMP.VNV    .V. 
Prlvalea. 

Brown  Jacob,*.  Jan  ST. '65,  m.o.  Jan.  27, '68. 

UoodruD  Herbert,  e.  Feb.  1,  '65,  absent  slell  at  mo.  of  RcgL 

CO.MPANY  F. 
Private. 

Welch  John,  e.  Jan.  St,  '88,  dejirtd.  Feb.  14,  '6». 


151(«t  Infantry    (1  year). 


Lieutenant  Colonel. 

Herman  W.  Snow,  e.  Feb  25,  "65.  m.o.  Jan.  24,  •«8. 

Prlnrlpal   .Mualolan. 
Pierce  Henry  C.  e.  —  m.o.  Jan.  24,  '66. 


Lainay  Joseph,  e.  Feb.  10.   85.  ab>ent  !.lcli  at  m.o.  RegL 
Lariient  Santoril.  e.  F.b.  14,  '65,  m.o.  No 
Morse  S;inuiel  M.  e.  F'eb.  6,  "65.  m.o.  Jan.  24, 
Marlln  Uracil,  v.  e.  Feb.  II.  '65.  m.o.  Jan.  24. 


COMPANY  A. 

Lieutenant. 
Second,  Harrison  Elliott,  com.  Feb.  21,  '85,  rtt.  June  It  -SS. 
Serceanta. 

.Merwln  Dovllla  W.  e.  Feb.  17,  '65,  m.o.  Jaii.|4,  "tS. 
Ilulse  Henry  N.  e.  Feb.  6. '65.  m.o.  Nov  2;  «i"P"*- 
Mason  Isaac  F,  e.  Feb.  9,  '65.  m.o.  Jan.  24,  6b. 

Corporal*. 
DeWin  SamiTel  S.  e.  Feb.  11,  '85,  in.o.  Jan.  24,  'es.  a«  aerft. 
Buclt  William,  e.  Feb.  9,  '65.  m.o.  Jan.  24.  66. 
Hammet  Wm.  He.  Feb.  9.  '65.  m.o.  Jan.  24,  86. 
Walters  Joseph,  e.  Feb.  9.  '65,  m.o.  Jan.  24,  66. 

Waeoner. 
McCowan  Joseph,  e.  Feb.  9.  '65,  m.o.  Jan.  24.  ti. 

Prlvatea. 
Anderson  Simeon,  e.  Feb.  15.  '65.  m.o.  Jan.  !;4,  '66. 
Amsler  William,  e.  Feb.  9.  '65.  ui.o.  Jan. '24.  66. 
Arends  Henry,  e.  Feb.  II.  '65.  mo.  Jan.  24,  66. 
Hates  Chauncy.  e.  Feb.  10.  '65.  m.o.  Jan.  24,  66. 
Buck  John  -M.  e.  Feb.  II,  '65,  m.o.  AUR.  2b.   65. 
Blrkle  William,  e.  Feb.  9.  '65.  m.o.  Oct.  6.  '65. 
lloerchus  Uiburtua,  e.  Feb.  II,  '65,  m.o.  Jan.  24.   66. 
llrown  John,  e.  Feb.  9. '65.  ni.o.  Jan.  24,  66. 
Crow  Isaac  M.  or  \V.  e.  Feb.  11,  '65,  m.o.  Jan.  24,  68. 
Crol2  Uallier  II.  e.  Feb.  3.  '65,  m.o.  Jan.  24.  '66,  a»  corpl. 
Clayton  Isiac.  e.  Feb.  15.  '65.  m.o.  Jan.  24.  66. 
UavlB  Isaac,  e.  Feb.  1.  '65.  m.o.  Sept.  8,   65. 
Dowdell  JacksoTi,  e   Feb. '2. '65.  m.o.  Jan.  24,    66. 
Edwards  Thomas  H.  e.  Feb.  14,  '65.  m.o.  Jan.  24,  66. 
Errloii  Klilim.l.  e.  Feb.  11.  '65.  m.o.  Jan.  24.  66. 
Elliott  Harrison,  e.  Feb.  V,  '65,  Pro.  to  2d  lleut 
Farnslock  Charles,  e.  Feb.  10,  '65.  m.o.  Jan.  24,  66. 
(iraham  Andrew,  e.  Feb.  1.5.  '65.  m.o.  Jan.  24.  66. 
Hum  Arclus  L.  e.  Feb.  2.  '6.5.  lo.o.  Jan.  24.   66. 
Hay  George,  e.  Feb.  2. '65.  m.o.  Jan.  24.   6b. 
Howard  James  L.  e.  Feb.  9.  '65.  m.o.  Jan.  24,  66. 
Keady  Aleiander.  e.  Feb.  15.  '65.  m.o.  Nov.  2,   65. 
King  Daniel,  e.  Feb.  14.   65.  m.o.  Jan.  24.   68. 
Lollmann  Henry,  e.  Feb.  11.  '65.  m.o.  Jan.  24.  66. 
Lapton  Edward,  e.  Feb.  II,  '65.  m.o.  Jan.  24.   68 

■    '  •     -,  Feb.  10.  '85.  sbs 

-  ■       .  J,  '65. 

•66. 
'66. 
Martin  -Vmos  K.  e.  Feb.  15;  '65.  m.o.  Jan.  24.  '66. 
Stockltm  James  C.  e.  Feb.  14.  '65.  mo.  J.in.  24.  68. 
Smith  John  W.  e.  Feb.  14,  '65,  mo.  Jan.  24,  'be. 
Thomas  James  W.  e.  Feb.  13.  '65.  m.o.  Jan.  24. '66. 
Vaiipntlen  Wasliliiglon.  e.  Feb  9.  '65.  m.o.  Jan.  24.   86, 
Wakelleld  John  T.  e.  Feb.  1.5,  '65,  m.o  Jan.  24.  '66,  as  corpl. 
Woods  I'alriek,  e  Jan.  .'lO.  '65.  mo.  J.in.  24.  'b6. 
Wilson  Edward  T.e.  Jan.  31. '65.  m.o.  Jan.  24.  66.    „  .    „  .„ 
WoodruH  Ambros  II.  e,  Feb.  2.  '65.  died  gulncy,  111.  Feb.  tO,  »5 

COMPANY  H. 

Prlvatea. 

Barrlnger  William,  e.  Feb.  9.  -S.V  m.o.  Jan.  '24,  'M. 
Wilson  William,  e.  Feb.  6,  '65,  lu.o.  Jan.  24,  68. 

COMPANY   K. 
Captain. 

Herman  W.  Snow,  com.  Feb.  23,  '65,  pro,  UeuL-Col, 

Lieutenant, 
First    George  R.  C'arier,  com.  Feb.  26.  '65,  pro.  ad  lleut,  m.o, 
Feb.  24,^66. 

Serreanta. 
Ballance  Charles  U  e.  Feb.  15.  6.5.  m.o.  Jan.  24,  '«t,  as  priT. 
Gray  James,  e.  Feb.  9,  '65,  m.o.  Jan.  24.  '86.  as  prlv. 
NeaUles  William  F.  e.  Feb.  V.  '6.5,  m.o.  .Ian.  24,  'tn.  as  prlv. 

Corporaln. 
Darr  FranrlsO    e.  Feb.  IS.  '65.  absent  sick  at  m.o.  of  Regt. 
Comeegs  Charles  M.  e.  Feb.  111.  '65.  m.o.  Jan.  24,  '88.  ai  serr- 
Smith  Franklin,  e.  Feb.  15,  '65.  m.o.  Jan.  24,  '86.  as  sergl. 

Mualclali. 

Clifton  Joseph,  e.  Feb.  18.  '85,  desrld.  July  S»,  "es. 
Privates. 

Barron  John.  e.  Feb.  11.  'M,  mo  Jan.  24.  '88.  ,„  ... 

Carroll  Jidin  W.  e.  Feb.  10.   65.  died  Columbus.  Oa.  Aug.  12,  '85. 

Cameron  John.  e.  Feti    1.5.  'i'..5.  in  o  Jan  24.  '66. 

Buck  James  »,  e    Feb    10.  '65.  mo  Jan   24.  '66. 

Clark  Emmelt  M   e   Fob  9  'H.V  m  ■■  Jan.  24.  '66. 

Claik  J   o   A   e   Feh    1:1    I..V  mo  Jan.  24.  '66. 

Craiolall  VIoses  II   e    lei.   1  .l  '65.  absent  sick  at  m.o.  of  RegL 

Carl.  1  >;■     r.''   It   c.  Feb    IT, '65.  pro  lo  2d  lleut. 

I,,  .  k.  e    Feb    1 1,  '65.  ni  ■>.  Jan.  24.  '66. 

i>,  ...r    Feb.  III.  'll5.  m  ..  Jan   24,  '88. 

ii,  .1   e    Feb.  9.  '65.  mo.  Jan.  24.  '66. 

|.  ..r..  .  I    i  F.  e.  Feb.  10,  '6S   mo  Jan.  24,  '88. 

Felgbnei   Fiancis  I.  ».  Feb.  10.  '65.  m.o.  Jan.  t4,  '88. 
Frye  Samuel,  e.  Feb.  14,  '65,  m.o.  Jan.  24,  '88. 


PEORIA  COUNTY   WAR  RECORD. 


397 


Fuller  Jonas,  e.  Feb.  9.  '65.  m.o.  Jan.  24,  '66. 
Fuller  Ephralm.  e.  Feb.  14,  65,  m.o.  Jan.  24.  '66. 
GrofTy  George,  e.  Feb.  16,  '65,  m.o.  J.iu.  24.  '66. 
GrlRRS  Wllinim  H.  e.  Feb.  10,  '65,  m.o.  Jan.  24,  '66. 
Green  Silas  J.  e.  Feb.  10,  '66.  m.o.  Jan.  24.  '66. 
HoKan  William,  e.  Feb.  13.  '65,  desrtU.  Jnlv  29.  '65. 
Kain  Barnej-,  e.  Feb.  6,  '65.  m.o.  Jan.  24,  '66. 
Nave  Peter,  e.  Feb.  13.  '65.  m.o.  Jan.  24,  '66. 
Ople  Henrv.  e.  Feb.  10,  '65,  m.o.  Jan.  24,  '66. 
Selser  William,  e.  Feb.  10,  '65,  m.o.  Jan.  24,  '66. 
Sander.s  Jobii  P.  e.  Feb.  10,  '65,  m.o.  Jan.  24.  '66. 
Snow  Herman  W.  e.  Feb.  17,  '65,  pro.  Capt. 
Van  Patten  William,  e.  Feb.  IT,  '65,  m.o.  J.-m.  24,  '66. 
Van  Norman  William,  e.  Feb.  17,  '65,  m.o.  Jan.  24.  '66. 
Watson  William,  e.  Feb.  10.  '65.  m.o.  Jan.  24,  '66. 
WetzlerAdam,  e,  Feb.  1,  '65,  m.o.  Jan.  24.  '6b. 

COMPANY   G. 

Sergeant. 

Macfarlaue  James,  e.  Feb.  16.  '65.  private  desrtd.  Oct.  27. 

Musicians. 
Mccormick  Thomas  I.  e.  Feb.  14.  '65,  m.o.  Jan.  84,  '66. 
Pierce  Henry  C,  e.  Feb.  16.  '65,  pro.  to  Fife  Ma). 

Privates. 

Dredge  Henrv  W.  e.  Feb.  16.  '65,  m.o.  Jan.  24,  '66. 
Hanna  William  H.  e.  Feb.  16.  '65.  m.o.  J,an,  24.  '66. 
McHenry  John.  e.  Feb.  20.  '65.  desrtd.  Feb.  25.  '65. 
Murry  Elijah,  e.  Feb.  14.  '65.  desrtd.  Oct.  29.  '65. 

COMPANY    I. 

Privates. 

Hills  or  Hllll  William,  e.  Feb.  6,  '65,  desrtd.  Feb.  20.  '65. 
Morgan  James,  e.  Feb.  6.  '65.  desrtd.  Feb.  20.  '65. 

COMPANY    K. 

Dunlap  John.  e.  Feb.  4,  '65.  desrtd.  Feb.  24.  '65, 


164th  lufantry. 

COMPANY  G. 

Privates, 

Gry  Noah  E.  e.  Feb.  17,  '65,  m.o.  Sept.  18,  '65. 
MlBford  Andrew  J.  e.  Feb.  17,  '65,  m.o.  Sept,  18,  '65. 

COMPANY  H. 

Privates. 

Hazell  David,  e.  Feb.  20.  '65.  desrtd.  Feb.  24,  '65. 
Peterson  George,  e.  Feb.  20.  '65,  desrtd.  Feb.  24,  '65. 


155tli  lufautry  (1  Year). 

COMPANY  A, 
Captain. 

Jacob  B.  Yeagley.  com.  Feb.  28.  '65,  m.o.  Sept.  4,  '65. 

Privates. 
Deerliig  Paul,  e.  Feb.  22.  '65.  m.o.  Sept.  4.  '65. 
Oachsle  Matthias,  e.  Feb.  20.  '65.  m.o.  Sept.  4.  '65. 
Schuster  Frank,  e,  Feb.  2'2,  '65.  m.o.  Sept.  4.  '65,  as  sergt. 

COMPANY   F. 
Private. 

Wat«ou  William  B.  e.  Jan.  23.  '65,  m.o.  Aug.  23,  '65. 

COMPANY  G. 

Lieutenant. 
First,  John  Miller,  com.  Feb.  28.  '65.  m.o.  Sept.  4.  '65. 

Sergeants. 
Wood  Francis  M.  e.  Fe  '.  20.  '65,  desrtd.  March  2.  '65. 
HelmboltGeo.  e.  Feb.  21.  '65.  desrtd.  March  8,  '65, 
Berry  John,  e.  Feb.  23.  '65.  desrtd.  Marcn  2.  '65. 

Corporals. 

Burke  James,  e.  Feb.  80,  '65.  desrtd.  March  2.  '65. 
Kelsey  Peter,  e.  Feb.  20.  '65,  desrtd.  March  2.  '65. 
Wells  Plnnlbus  M.  e.  Feb,  22,  '65,  m.o.  Sept.  4,  '65, 
Cadlln  Edward,  e.  Feb.  20,  '65,  desrtd.  March  2,  '65. 

Privates. 

Adam  Robert  H.e.  Feb.  20,  '65.  desrtd.  March  2,  '65. 
Barnes  James,  e.  Feb.  20,  '65,  desrtd.  March  2,  '65. 
Burnes  Patrick,  e.  Feb.  20,  '65,  desrtd.  March  2,  '65. 
Brown  Geo.  H.  e.  Feb.  84,  '65,  deserted.  .March  2.  '65. 
Buyrne  James,  e.  Feb.  20,  '65,  desrtd.  .March  2.  '65. 
Canady  John,  e.  Feb.  24.  '65.  desrtd.  .March  2,  '65. 
Crawley  Dennis,  e.  Feb.  23.  '65,  desrtd.  .March  2.  '65. 
Cosmer  or  Cashmau  David,  e.  Feb.  1 7,  '65,  desrtd.  March  2,  '65. 


Davidson  Robert,  e.  Feb,  23.  '65,  desrtd.  March  2.  '66. 

Dalley  Thomas,  o.  Feb.  24,  '65,  desrtd.  March  8.  '65. 

Dickson  John,  e.  Feb.  20,  '65,  desrtd.  March  2,  '65. 

Eaean  James,  e.  Feb.  23.  '6.6,  desrtd.  March  2,  '65. 

Fallev  John  H.  e.  Feb,  20,  '6.5.  desrtd.  March  2,  '65. 

Fairfield  Eesterfler,  e.  Feb.  20.  '65.  desrtd.  .March  2.  '68. 

Frost  John.  e.  Feb.  24.  '65,  desrtd.  March  2.  '65. 

Hurley  Thomas,  e.  Feb.  21,  '65,  desrtd.  March  8.  '65. 

Ives  "Thomas,  e.  Feb.  23,  '65,  desrtd.  March  2,  '65. 

Jones  George,  e.  Feb.  23,  '65.  desrtd.  March  2,  '65. 

Kllley  Thomas,  e.  Feb.  20,  '65.  desrtd.  March  2,  '65. 

Leonard  Richard,  e.  Feb.  80.  '65.  desrtd.  .March  2.  '65. 

Lynch  Michael,  e.  Feb.  20.  '65,  desrtd  March  2,  '66. 

Morris  Henry,  e.  Feb.  83.  '65,  desrtd.  March  2,  '65, 

Moore  ,Tohn.  e.  Feb.  23.  '65.  desrtd  .March  8.  '65. 

Maloy  John  e.  Feb.  23.  '65,  desrtd,  March  2.  '65. 

Miller  John.  e.  Feb.  20,  '65,  pro.  to  2d  lieut. 

Neairle  Augustine,  e.  Feb.  21.  '65.  died  Tallahoma.  Tenn.  June 

25.  ■e.'i. 
Xeadon  William,  e.  Feb.  88,  '65,  desrtd.  March  2.  '65. 
Neeley  William,  e.  Feb.  80.  '65  desrtd.  March  8.  '65. 
Relley  John.  e.  Feb.  20,  '66,  desrtd.  March  2,  '65. 
Reed  James,  e.  Feb.  20,  '65,  desrtd.  March  2,  '66. 
Reedman  Henry,  e,  Feb.  84,  '6.6,  desrtd.  March  8,  '65. 
Shutt  Paul  C.  e.  Feb.  23,  '65.  desrtd.  March  2,  '65. 
Smith  James  H.  e.  Feb.  83.  '65.  desrtd.  March  2.  '65. 


2(1  Cavalry. 

COMPANY  A. 

Kecruits. 

Underwood  James  A.  e.  Jan.  4.  '64,  trans,  to  co,  E  as  consol. 
Wright  Ben].  L.  e.  Jan.  4.  '64.  trans,  to  Co.  E  as  consol. 

Unassigned  Recruit. 

Bates  John  A.  e.  Dec.  83.  '64. 


3d  Cavalry. 


COMPANY  B. 

Sergeant. 

Dorwln  William  C.  e.  Aug.  13.  '61,  pro.  to  2d  Lieut. 

Corporal. 
La  Bour  William  J.  e.  Aug.  13.  '61.  1st  sergt.  died  at  Batesvllle. 
Ark.  June  9.  '62.  fall  from  his  horse. 

Privates. 

Erwln  Richard,  e.  .A.ug.  13.  '61.  dis.  June  13,  '62,  dlsab. 
Erwin  Philip,  e.  Aug.  13,  '61.  m.o.  Sept.  5,  '64. 

Veteran  Recruit. 

Wagoner  Fred.  e.  Aug.  13.  '61,  dls.  Nov.  7,  '62,  dlsab. 

COMPANY   K. 

Veteran  Recruit. 

Harkness  Kelton  W.  e.  Aug.  12,  '62,  trans,  to  co.  A  as  consol. 


3d  Consolidated  Cavalry. 


COMPANY    B. 

Recruit. 

Burke  James,  e.  Jan.  84,  '65,  m.o.  Oct.  10,  '65. 

Unassignetl  Recruits. 

Bain,  John,  e.  March  35,  '65. 
Bowen  Frank,  e.  March  8,  '66. 
Connors  Henry,  e.  Feb.  84,  '65. 
Connay  Martin,  e.  ^March  2,  '65. 
Donley  Joseph,  e.  March  2,  '65. 
Evers  William,  e.  March  10.  '65. 
Greer  William,  e.  April  1.  '65. 
Jackson  John  M.  e.  Slarch2.  '65, 
Kelly  James,  e.  JIarch  25.  '65. 
Parks  John.  e.  Feb.  24.  '65. 
Phillips  John,  e.  April  5,  '65. 
Rogers  George  W.  e.  March  21.  '65. 
Stout  Jerry,  e.  March  31,  65. 
Smith  Charles,  e.  March  31,  '65. 
Spicer  John  C.  e.  March  3,  '65. 
Sullivan  Georjre,  e.  Feb.  24,  '66. 
Tide  William  H.  e.  March  2,  '65. 
Williams  Franklin,  e,  March  8,  '65. 


4th   Cavalry. 


COMPANY  G. 

Private. 

Durkee  Daniel,  c.  Oct.  16,  '61,  dlsd.  July  10.  '62. 


898 


PEORIA    COUNTY  WAR  RECORD 


COMPANV   II. 

Recruit. 
Dnru  Edwins,  e.  Nuv.  IS,  '61.01x1.  Auk  31.'8a.  diub. 


6th  Cavalry. 

Sarseon. 
John  N.  Nlglu^  com.  Ocl.  1.  '61.  term  ex.  Feb.  8,  'S». 

CO.MI*.\NY   B. 
Veteran  Kecrult. 
White  Oeorge,  e.  April  8,  '65,  m  o.  Not.  S,  '6S. 

CO.>IP.\NY  C. 

Veteran    Recrnlt*. 

ViDcent  Tbomas  D.  e.  Marcb  2i,  '65.  :ib4.  sick  at  m.o.  of  regt. 
Wall  Hardin  J.  e.  Marcu  22,  '6S,  m.o.  Not.  i,  '6S. 

coMPAjry  E. 

Veteran  Private. 
NiRlas  Ignaiz.  e.  Marrb  10,  '64.  Ulsil.  Muy  -ii.  '65.  diaab. 


62. 


7th  Cavalry. 

SureeoQ. 
Clark  D.  Rankin,  com  Oct.  28,  '61.  res.  June  1. 

CO-tlP-iNY   A. 
Veteran  Itecralt. 
Haley  James,  e.  Marcb  20,  '65,  m.o.  Not.  4,  '65. 

CO.MPANV  G. 

KccrultM. 
Hames  or  Uawei  William,  i:  .March  31,  '65.  m.o.  Nov.  4,  '66. 
Little  wiMUm  H.  e,  .March  31,  '65,  dcsrid.  Oct.  6.  '65. 
Roberts  John  E.  e.  March  31.  '65,  m.o.  Nov.  4,  '65. 
Bnillb  FreUfrlck.  f.  March  31.  '65.  m.o.  .Nov.  4.  *65. 
Wise  Columbus,  e.  March  31.  'b5.  m.o.  Nov.  4.  *65, 

COMPANV   I. 
Keirait. 

Wllsoo  William  N.  e.  March  ■ii,  '65.  m.o.  Nov.  4.  '65. 

UnaHSijfned  Kecralta. 
Brown  Jameji,  e.  March  'J,  'tiri.  in.o.  Jutie  8,  *65. 
CoDDOTer  Frank,  c.  .March  31.  '65. 
Frallcks  William,  c.  .March  ',>,  '65. 
Uorniarj  Thomas,  e.  April  1 1.  '65.  disd.  May  21,  '65. 
Ocll  Henry,  c.  Ajirll  ll.   65. 
(iormati  Jainct.  c.  .March  6.  '65. 
Grant  Charles,  <•.  .March  1.  '65. 
McC.rty  .MI'hacl.  c.  .March  6, '65. 
Mooily  Sllcha.l.  c.  M.irch  30.  '65. 
Smith  Kri-ilvrh  k.  e.  March  31,  '65. 
Towner  Sims  S.  >:  Jan.  '20.  '65. 
Ward  William,  c.  March  31.  '65. 


8tb  Cavalry. 

COMPANY  o. 


Vo.  Quartermanter  .Sergeant. 
Walker  Ingila,  e.  Sejit.  14.  '61.  ill"'!.  Nov  H.  '6'J. 


^j\Mt  |r««*  »••■• 

Capron  lloracu  J.  «.  SopU  14,  '61,  aerKt  dlad.  Not.  17,   '62.  fur 
promotion. 


Cur|»orul«. 
pt.  14,  '61,  aeri^ 
promoiion. 
aouda  William,  o.  Sept  14.  '61.  re-e.  aa  a  veteran. 

Private*. 
Annla  Judaon,  e.  Sept.  14.  '61,  re-e.  aa  a  veteran. 
Harlow  Kotiert,  e,  Sept.  14.  '61.  ri'-*'.  as  a  veteran. 
Ilarfoot  .laiiiet   e.  Sept.  14,  '61,  tralia.  to  en.  K. 
t'.omc>-<  llrnt.  F.  e.  Seiil.  14.  '61.  ahaent  alck  at  m.o.  of  TrttK 
CotllnKliain  Thoin.-t'i  S.  e.  Sept.  14.  '«1.  died  IK-c.  9.  '61,  wda. 
Kmer«..li  Luther  W   e   Sept.  14.  '61.  dlPiil.  .Sept.  5.  '62,  dIaab. 
Ketitie<l\  s.  P,  e,  Se[tt.  M.  "61.  re-i.   a-t  a  veteran. 
Morris  .faiitea.  e.  Sept.  7.  '61.  in.o,  Sepu  2N.  '64. 
Pray  l,oitla('.  e.  .Sept,  7,  '61.  tratiH.  toco.  K. 
Soulhwlck  lUmlllon  II.      -.    -  dla<l.  Nov.  24,  '62,  dIaab. 
Hbennan  Henry  J.  e.  Kept.  14,  61.  trana  to  co.  K. 
Hpeera  J.  H  e  s'epL  14.  '61,  m.o.  Sept.  17,  '64,  a«  corpl. 
Weatheller  William,  e.  Mrpt.  14,  '61,  re-e.  aa  a  veteran. 

Veteraiia. 

Annla  A  JudaiMi.  e.  Nov.  3(1.  '6.1.  m.o.  July  17,  '65,  aa  aergl. 

Barlow  Kohert.  e.  Jan.  I.  '64.  m.o.  July  IT,  '65. 

Ooihl)  William  L  e.  Nov    3U,  '63   m  u.  July  17,  '65,as  biksmllh. 


Kennedy  BIchard  H.  e.  Nov.  80,  '88.  m.o.  July  17. 'S*. 
Kei.oedy  Samuel  P  e.  Nov.  SO,  '63,  m.o.  Ju  y  17,  M. 
Wemather  William,  e.  Not.  80,  t3.  m.o.  July  1';.  'CS.  aarorpl. 

CCHPANY  K. 
Ueerult. 
Barfoot  Jamea,  e.  Sept.  14.  '61.  m.o.  Sept.  28. 'M. 
Prey  Lewla  C.  e.  Sept.  7.  '61.  mo.  Sept.  28.  84. 
Sherman  Henry  J.  e.  .Sept.  14.  61,  m.o.  Sept.  28,  84 . 

Unaaalgned  Kecralt. 

Foster  Walter,  e.  Dec.  16,  '64. 


«.>tli  Cavalry 

COMP.\SV    u. 

Ueerult. 

Mccormick  John.  e.  March  30.  65.  absent  Inaane  at  m.o.  o(  regt 

CO.HPANV   L. 
Kecralt*. 

Oordon  Richard,  e.  March  21,  '65,  abeent  sick  at  m.o.  of  regt. 

Jarman  Thomas  P.  e.  Feb.  7.  '64.  in.o.  Oct.  SI,   65. 

Jones  Joseph,  e.  .March  21,  '65.  de«rtd.  Julv  12.   65. 

Mathewson  John.  e.  Feb.  1,  '64,  m.o.  May  1<.  65. 

Riley  Anthony,  e.  l>ec.  2S.  '63,  mlsslUK  In  action  at  GunU>wn, 

Hl»».  since  June  11.    64.  , 

Waterhonse  OeorRe  K.  e.  IH-c.  10.  '61.  dIsd.  July  5,  82. 

Unaaslsned  Kecrulta. 

Ryan  Kdward.  e.  March  31.  '65.__ 
Murray  Andrew,  e.  March  31,    85. 


loth  Cavalry. 

COMPANY   E. 
Lieutenant. 

Secoud,  Kdwiu  II.  Neal.  com.  .May  31,  '62,  pro.  toComsy. 

COMPANY  G. 

Vetera  na. 
Clark  Wlllard,  e.  Jan.  3.  "64.  ^ee  co.  G.  a.«  re-organl«ed. 
ElKan  William,  e.  Jan.  S,  '64.  see  co.  O.  aa  re-organliod. 
Lasure  William,  e.  Jan.  3,  '64.  ace  co.  O.  a»  re-organlied. 

CO.MPANY  .U. 

Kecrult. 
Hall  WIIIU  A.  e.  Jan.  14,  '64,  trans,  to  co.  C.  aa  re-organlaed. 


lOth  Cavalry  .as  Con.solidatetli 

COMPANY   C. 
Captaaln. 

Edwin  R.  Neal,  coiu.  Deo.  31.  '64,  m.o.  Nov.  22,  '6i. 


11  til  Cavalry. 

CuluUfln. 
Roberto.  InKersoll,  com.  Oct.  •«, '61,  n-a.  June  SO, '63. 
Utto  Funke,  com.  April  8, '65,  pro.   brev.  Brig.  lien.  March    18, 
•6&.  m.o.  Sept.  30.  '65. 

Lileuteiiant  Colonela. 
Uallll  D.  Meek.  com.  Oct.  22,  '61.  re»  July  it.  '63. 
Olio  Funke,  oom.  June  SO,  '83,  pro. 

Major*. 

Oct.  *2'.J. '61.  rea.  Nov.  1. '82. 
'    25.  '61.  re.v  June  5,  '«S. 
i5. '61.  died  at   IMlUburgh   l.and- 

.    1.  '62.  pro. 
March  JH.  '65,  m.o.  Sept.  SO,  '65. 
■  um.  Auk.  31.  ti.  m.o.  Sept.  Sa  "65. 

AdJutanU, 

IlaTid  T.  S.  Sanderson,  com.  Sepi  6.  '62,  re».  Dec.  28,  '68. 
Joaepb  Roblnton,  com.  Iiec.  28,  '63.  term  r>.  Jan.  81,  '85. 

<)iiHrt«<riiiHAt<*i*i». 

Wil '  •    '"i"  com  1><U  22.  '61,   ui.o.  .March  23.   62,  ui.  1"  2J 


Sabine  I>  I 
llavid  J  ' 
Jaiiie<  I 

1)1- 

PI 
Tl.. 


Kii.: 


11.  Sept.  1,  '62,  tiro,  bv  I'roslilent  June  80,  *M. 
Ill,  cum.  June  So.  '64.  in. u.  Sept.  30,  '8&. 


PEORIA   COUNTY  WAR  RECORD. 


399 


COMPANY   A. 
Captains. 

Otto  Funks,  com.  Dec.  20. '61.  pro.  Mnjor  ,„  ,^, 
Anthony  Rochrlg.  com.  Nov.  1,  'bS.  res  Nov.  18.  64. 
Theophilus  Schaever.  com.  Sept.  18.  '64.  pro.  Major. 
John  E.  Fraesenius.  com.  Sept.  lb.  b5.  m.o.  Sept.  80,   b6. 

Lieutenants. 

First,  Anthony  Roehrig.  com.  Dec.  20,  '61.  pro. 
First,  Theophilus  Schaever,  com.  >ov.  1.  62,  pro. 
First.  John  E.  Fraesenius,  com.  Sept.  18.  '64,  pro. 

Lieutenants. 

Second,  Theophilus  Schaever.  com.  Dec.  20,  '61.  pro. 
Second,  Herman  Herold.  com.  Nov  1.  '6'3.  res.  June  9.  64. 
Second,  Louis  Ludwlg,  com.  .\pnl  20,  '61.  m.o.  Sept.  30,  ba. 

Q.  M.  Sergeant. 
Edwards  John,  e.  Oct.  20.  '61. 

Sergeants. 
First.  Herold  H.  e.  Oct.  1,  '61.  pro.  to  2d  Lieut. 
Kallenberg,  Fred.  e.  Nov.  7.  '61,  re-e.  as  vet. 

Corporals. 

Mester  William,  e.  Sept.  21.  '61.  desrtd.  July.  '62. 
Louis  LudwiR.  e.  Sept.  25. '61.  re-e.  as  vet 
Indermaur  Tobias,  e.  Oft  11.  'SI   disd.  July  1.  63. 
Klenboehl  Julius,  e.  Sept.  22.  '61.  m.o.  Dec.  20.  '64.  term  ei. 
Schmidt  Henry,  e.  Nov.  14,  '61,  died  at  Vicksburg  Nov.  5. 

BlaclkSmitli. 

Pfeifer  Charles,  e.  Oct.  27,  '61,  ilisd.  July  1,  '62. 
Privates. 

Beutel  Adam.  e.  Sept.  25.  '61.  absent  wil.  since  May  4.  '62. 

Brickwaid  Frank  H.  e.  Oct.  24.  '61  re-e.  as  vet. 

Birkel  Philip  J.  e.  Nov.  2.  '61.  disd.  J.an.  27.  '63. 

Bumiller  Joseph,  e.  Nov.  19, '61.  re-e.  as  vet. 

Beckerich  Nicklaus.  e.  Nov.  21,  '61,  disd.  June  10,  '62. 

Brum  Jacob  e.  Dec.  1,  '61.  m.o.  Dee.  20,  '64. 

Carsens  John,  e.  Sept.  23.  '61.  disd.  July  1.  '62. 

Dood  Henry,  e.  Oct.  1.  '61.  disd.  July  1.  '62. 

Douk  Henry,  e.  Sept.  23.  '61.  absent  In  hospital. 

Frey  Charles,  e.  Sept.  23.  '61.  died  at  St.  Louis  J  une.  '62. 

Gans  George,  e.  Nov.  12.  '61.  re-e.  as  vet. 

Hill  George,  e.  Nov.  4,  '61,  disd.  Feb.  28.  '62. 

Isert  John.  e.  Nov.  21,  '61,  absent  sick  at  m.o.  of  regt. 

Johnson  Christian,  e,  Nov.  23,  '61,  desrtd.  Jan.  '6!!. 

Jillinghaus  Frederick,  e.  Sept.  20.  '61,  re-e.  as  vet. 

Kehl  Adam,  e.  Oct,  27.  '61.  kid.  at  Jackson.  Tenn.  Dec.  21.  '62. 

Lowman  George,  e.  Nov.  12.  '61.  disd.  June  7.  '62. 

Lutzelschwal  Charles,  e.  Nov.  20.  '61.  disd.  .April  15,  62. 

Llnibert  Fritz,  e.  Dec.  19.  '61.  disd.  Oct.  26,  '62. 

Miller  John.  e.  Sept.  21 .  '61.  re-e.  as  vet. 

Nehlig  Henry,  e.  Sei  t.  23.  '61.  desrtd.  at  .St.  Louis. 

Noark  Frank,  e.  Oct.  21.  '61.  di.sd.  May.  '62. 

Potlnius  H.  J.  e.  Oct.  21.  '61,  disd.  July.  '62. 

Beiten  Peter,  p.  Oct.  15, '61.  disd.  June,  '62. 

Rockle  Herman,  e.  Nov.  9. '61.  m.o.  Dec.  20.'64.  term  ex. 

BoUman  Eugene,  e.  Nov.  16. '61.  re-e.  as  a  vet. 

RakeHervev.  e.  Nov.  25.'61,  sentenced  by  G.C.M.  to  mil.  prison. 

Scherkentaai-h  Edward,  e.  Sept.  23. "61,  disd.  June. '62. 

Seybold  Frederick,  e.  Sept.  'ia.'el.  m.o.  Dec.  20,'64,  term  ex. 

Tanner  John  e.  Sept.  23. '61.  re-e.  as  a  vet. 

Umbrecht  John,  e.  Oct.  11.'61,  re-e.  as  a  vet. 

Winter  Jacob,  e.  Oct.  21, '61.  re-e.  as  a  vet. 

WItman  Anton,  e.  Nov.  16. '61,  m.o.  Dec.  20,'64,  term  ex. 

Zeisler  Jacob,  e.  Nov.  1  l.'bl.  re-e.  as  a  vet. 

Veterans. 

Breckwaldt  Frank,  e.  Dec.  20.'63.  m.o.  Sept.  30. '65. 
Bumiller  .Joseph,  e.  Dec.  20. '63.  died  at  .Memphis.  July  1.'64. 
Gans  George,  e.  Dec.  20. '63.  m.o.  Sept.  30.'65,  as  sergt. 
Jillinghaus  Frederick,  e.  Dec.  20. '63.  m.o.  Sept.  30. '65. 
Kallenberg  Frederick,  e.  March  30, '64,  died  at  Vicksburg,  Aug. 

1  '64 
Ludwig  Louis,  e.  Dec.  20. '63,  pro.  to  sergt.  major  then  to  2d 

Lieut. 
Miller  John.  e.  Dec.  20.'63.  m.o.  Sept.  30.'65. 
Rollman  Eugene,  e.  Dec.  20,'63.  pro.  to  .sergt.  major. 
Seltz  Charles,  e.  Dec.  20. '63,  m.o.  Sept.  30,65.  as  sergt. 
Tanner  John.  c.  Dec.  20, '63.  absent  wd.  at  m.o.  of  regiment. 
Umbrecht  John,  e.  Dec.  20.  '63.  died  at  Vicksburg  June.  27,  64. 
Winter  Jacol).  e.  Dec.  20,'63,  died  at  Vick.sbnrg  June  27,  64. 
Zeisler  Jacob,  e.  Dec.  20.'63,  m.o.  Sept.  30,'65,  as  corpl. 

Recruits. 

Dood  Henry,  e.  Dec.  28. '63.  died  at  Vicksburg  Oct.  5,'64, 

Farrer  Jacob,  e.  Oct.  11, '61.  disd.  July  11, '62.  dlsab. 

GrufI.e  Henry,  e.  Oct.  3. '61.  desrtd.  Nov.  '61. 

HarfMrd  T.  IL  e.  Nov.  12,'62.  m.o.  Sept.  30,'65. 

Ho'lapp  St-t'iistian.  e.  Jan.  5.'65.  m.o.  Sept.  30,'65. 

Holdir  L.c.Tjhard.  e.  Oct.  1.'61.  desrtd. 

Harford  F.  W.  e.  Nov.  1.'62. 

Keisenberg  Charles,  e.  March  3. '64,  m.o.  Sept.  30.  65. 

.Mc.Vndrew  John  M.  e.  Feb.  28. '65.  m.o.  Sept.  30  '65. 

MCM-r  Ilc-rman.  e.  .\pril  13. '64.  m.o.  Sept.  30.'65. 

.Mandl  -\iigiist.  e.  March  31. '64.  m.o.  May  24.'65. 

.N.iark  FianU.  e.  Feb.  19.'64.  died  at  Vlcksliurg  .luly  3. '64. 

Pfanneubhil  Einil,  e.  Feb.  14.'62.  m.o.  Feb.  14,'65,  term  ex. 

Stolimau  William,  e.  March  30,'64,  m.o.  Sept.  30,'65. 


Snell  Henry,  e.  March  31. '64.  shot  himself  dead  Memphis  Sept. 
Seltz  Charles,  e.  Jan.  10.'63.  re-e.  .^s  vet. 
Wade  Henry,  e.  Dec.  23.  '63.  m.o.  Sept.  30.  6o. 
Wldemeyer  Frank,  e.  Feb.  28,'6.i.  m.o.  Sept.  30.'65. 
Williams  Jackson  1st,  e.  Nov.  1.'62,  m.o.  Aug.  30,  65. 
Watroubeck  Joseph,  e.  Jan.  31,'62.  j,     ,  ,„  .oe 

Zimmerman  Fritz,  e.  March  31,'64,  m.o.  Sept.  3U,  65. 

COMPANY  B. 

Corporals. 

Bumans  John  W.  e.  Sept.  7, '61,  died  at  Pittsburg  Landing   June 

Sim^s'Thomas  T.  e.  Sept.  10.'61.  re-e.  as  a  vet 
Campbell  Charles,  e.  Sept.  7,'61.  disd.  Jan.  30,  63. 

Saddler. 

Julg  William,  e.  Sept.  9. '61.  disd.  Nov.  1,'62,  dlsab. 

Privates. 
Akin  James  H.  e.  Nov.  8.'61.  re-e.  as  a  vet. 
Campbell  William,  e.  Sept.  7, '61,  disd  Dec.  ?,'64.  term  ex. 
Green  Albert,  e.  Nov.  19.'61,  died  at  Memphis  Aug.  81,'62. 
Hall  William,  e.  Dec.  7,'61.  re-e.  as  vet.       ,„,„„    ,.,. 
Hart  CiViugton.  e.  Nov.  23.  '61,  disd.  Nov.  17,  62,  d  sab. 
L.4\vless  Thomas,  e.  Nov.  20.'61.  disd.  Dec.  19,  '64,  dlsab. 
McCaun  Alexander  D.  e.  Nov.  1,'61,  re-e.  as  vet.  , 

Miller  Joseph,  e.  Dec.  6.'61.  drowned  at  St.  Louis  March  28,  62. 
Phillips  George  T.  e.  Dec.  3. '61.  re-e.  as  vet. 
Stinyard  Augustus,  e.  Nov.  8, '61.  re-e.  as  vet. 
Sims  David  H.  e.  Sept.  24. '61.  re-e.  as  yet. 
Sans  Robert,  e.  Oct.  12,'61,  disd.  Nov.  17,'b2,  disab. 

Veterans. 
Akin  James  H.  e.  Dec.  20,  '63,  disd. 
Hull  William,  e.  Dec.  20,  '63.  m.o.  Sept.  30.  65. 
Klnzev  John  W.  e.  Dec.  30,  '63,  pro.  sergt.  then  2d  Lieut. 
Mcfaiin  VICKander,  e.  Dec.  20.  '63,  m.o.  Sept.  30.  '65,  as  sergt. 
Maiiiiiim  John  J.  e.  Dec.  31. '63.  m.o.  Sept.  30.  '65.  as  corpl. 
Pbillinsii.crge  F.  e.  Dec.  20,  '63,  m.o.  Sept.  30.  '65.  as  tamer. 
Simms  Thomas  T.  e.  Dec.  28.  '63,  m.o  Sept  30.  '65. 
Simms  David  W.  e.  Dec.  20,  '63.  m.o.  Sept.  30,  '65,  as  corpl. 
Stlnvard  Augustus,  e.  Dec.  20,  '63,  pro.  Chief  Bugler. 
Teiieycks  Jacob,  e.  Feb.  1.  '64,  m.o.  Sept.  30,  65. 

Recruits. 

Adams  Joseph,  e,  Sept.  25.  '61,  pro.  sergt.  raaj. 

Bonniville  Gavlord,  e.  July  14,  '64.  m.o.  Sept.  30.  '65. 

Castnor  Josep'h.  e.  Jan.  23.  '64.  trans,  to  co.  fa. 

Campbell  Alexander,  e.  Jan.  29.  '62. 

Frank  William  H.  e.  Jan.  25.  '65.  m.o.  Sept.  30.  65. 

Hitchcock  Frank,  e.  Sept.  3,  '61,  desrtd.  May,  '6'2. 

Jones  Robert  M.  e.  Oct.  11.  '64.  m.o.  Sept.  30,  65. 

Kimpey  John  W.  e.  Dec.  30. '61,  re-e.  asvet. 

Lawrence  John  G.  e.  Jan,  2,  '62,  disd.  Oct.  9.  '62.  disab. 

Lawrence  John  G.  e.  Jan.  5,  '62  m.o.  Sept.  30,  '6o,  as  sergt. 

Manning  John  J.  e.  Dec.  31, '65.  re-e.  asvet.  .,,,.  ,bo 

Matthewson  Byron,  e.  Jan.  8.  '62.  died  at  Vicksburg  May,  62. 

Teneycks  Jacob,  e.  Feb.  1,  '62,  re-e.  as  vet. 

COMPANY  C. 
Lieutenant. 

First,  David  T.  N.  Sanderson,  com.  March  20,  '62,  pro.  Ad]t. 

Privates. 
Burns  Richard,  e.  Oct  29.  '61.  disd.  Oct.  4,  '62.  disab. 
Bunker  James  M.  e.  Nov.  30.  '61,  disd.  May  14,  '62,  dlsab. 
Hoover  Christian,  e.  Nov,  30.  '61,  disd.  July  1,  '62,  disab. 
Hone  John,  e.  Oct.  30,  '61.  desrtd.  March  26.  '62. 
Ilurmon  Philip,  e.  Dec.  20. '61.  re-e.  as  vet.  ..  „  ,    ,co 

Morris  Amos.  e.  Nov.  15.  '61.  died  at  Jackson,  Tenn.  Nov.  1,   62. 
Myers  John,  c.  Nov.  9.  '61.  desrtd.  Feb.  5,  '6'2. 
Newell  Judson  L.  e.  Nov.  30.  '61,  re-e.  asvet. 
Williams  Joseph  D.  S.  e.  Nov.  4,  '61,  re-c.  as  vet. 

Veterans 

Harmon  Phillip,  e.  Dec.  20.  '63.  m.o,  Sept.  30.  '65. 
Newell  Judson  L.  e.  Dec.  20.  '63.  m.o.  Sept.  30.  65. 
Wiliams  Joseph  S.  e.  Dec.  20,  '63,  m.o.  Sept.  3,  65. 

Recruits. 

Cheal  James  J.  e.  Feb.  27.  'e'J.  disd.  July  10. '62,  dlsab. 
Craig  Samuel,  e.  March  31,  '64,  trans,  to  CO.  E. 
Fash  James  M.  e.  Aug.  13. '62.  ,„„„„, 

Powers  Martin,  e.  Jan.  3.  '62.  in.o.  Jan.  3,  '6o.  term  ex. 
Snyder  James,  e.  Aug.  15,  '62.  m.o.  June  2,  65. 

COMPANY  D. 

Captain. 

Louis  H.  Armstrong,  com.  Dec.  20,  '61,  term  ex.  Dec.  19,  '64. 

Lieutenant. 
First,  George  W.  Odell,  com.  Dec.  20,  '61,  res.  Nov.  5. '62. 
First,  Stephen  Andrews,  com.  May  5,   65.  m.o.  Sept.  30,   65. 
Second,  William  P.  Armstrong,  com.  Dec.  20,  '61,  res.  Aug.  31, 

Second,  John  E.  Hedrick.  com.  Nov.  6.  "62,  res.  Apr.  25,  '63. 
Second.  Stephen  Andrews,  com.  March  28,  '65,  pro. 
Second,  William  N.  Peet.  com.  May  5,  '65.  m.o.  sept.  30,  66. 


400 


PEORIA   rOTTNTT   WAR  RECORD 


8er|;eaDt«. 

First,  Hopkins  Ir»  K.  c.  Sept.  23.  '61.  dlwl.  Jan.  1".  'e4,  Ulsab. 
Stephen  Andrew,  e.  Sept.  23,  '81.  re-e.  as  vet. 
Hedrlck  John  E.  e.  Sept.  85.  '61.  pro.  2il  lleut. 

Corporals. 
Wllmoth  Leonard,  e.  Sept.  23.  'til.  disd.  Nov.  19,  '62. 
Hedrlck  Thomas,  e.  Sept.  23,  '61.  aisd.  Junp  23.  '62. 
Peet  William  M.  e.  Sept.  23.  '61,  re-e.  as  vel. 
Stewart  Charles,  e.  Sept.  24,  '61,  re-<-.  as  vet. 
Ward  Wllllain  C.  e.  Sept.  23,  '61.  died  at  flttsburg  LaodlDg,  May 

10.  '62. 
Honle;  Qeorge  B.  «.  Sept.  24,  '61,  re-e.  as  vet. 

BuKler. 
Vandoren  Joseph,  e.  Sept.  23,  '61,  re-e.  as  vet. 
Blackamltta. 

Warhusl  William,  e.  Sept.  24.  '61,  ra.o.  Dee.  28.  '64. 

Wagoner. 
Riusell  EInilr,  e.  Not.  17,  '61,  dlsd.  Deo.  19,  '64.  term  ex. 

I'rlvatew. 
Ames  OeorRe  M.  e.  Sept.  24,  '61.  drsrtd. 
Brooson  Henrj-.  c.  Sept.  23,  '61.  re-e.  as  vet. 
Brown  John  W.  c.  Sept.  21.  '61. 
Brome  George,  e.  Sepu  24.  '61,  re-e.  as  vet. 
Bruer  Abram,  e,  Nov.  12.  'fil. 

Cain  Matteson,  e.  Oct.  2.  '61,  kd.  at  Lexington,  Tenn.  Dec.  18,  '62. 
Count  Tnolua.s  e.  .Sept.  30.  '61. 
Carney  Ttiomas.  e.  Oct.  12,  '61. 
Coniwi'll  lIuRlies.  v.  Sept.  23.  '61,  re-e.  as  vet. 
Coiiurn  William,  e.  .>i,M.t.  30.  '61,  dlsd.  Dec.  IB,  '64,  term  ex. 
Cawley  .loliri.  e.  Dec.  19.  '61. 
Clusson  Joslah  H.  >:  Oct.  14.  '61.  illsd.  May  31.  '62. 
Drake  Alhurt.  c.  .Sci)t.  25.  '61.  le-e.  as  vit. 
Dwyre  Dennis,  v.  N..v.  30.  '61.  illsd.  Dec.  19,  '64. 
Foreman  .lames,  e.  Sept.  25.  '61,  re-e.  as  vet. 
Giimble  I.ivl  D.  o.  Oct.  14,  '61. 

Glens  (Jcorifc  K.e.  Oct.  14.  'Bl.  desrtd.  at  Peoria.  III. 
Hemming  Wllllain.  e.  .Sept.  30,  '61,  re-e.  as  vet. 
Hooner  .M.>.hc.s.  e.  Dec.  16,  '61,  desrtd.  Keb.  23.  '62. 
Henderson  KohiTt.  e.  Sept.  24.  '61,  dlsd,  Dec.  14,  '62. 
Hubbard  Sylvester,  e.  Sejit.  24,  '61,  re-e.  as  vet. 
Hedrlck  llirain,  e.  Nov.  28.  '61,  re-e.  as  vet. 
Heel  lli>racc.  e.  Nov.  27,  '61,  re-e.  as  vet. 
Hoban  Wllllain,  e.  Oct.  22.  'til.  rc-e.  as  vet. 
Harris  .Nathaniel,  e.  Dec.  16.  '61,  re-e.  as  vet. 
House  Wm.  e.  Oct.  14,  '61,  ni.o.  Dec.  28. '64. 
Knapp  James,  e.  .Nov.  11,  '61,  died  nr.  Pittsburg  LandlnR.  .May 

5.^^62. 
Kllver.Iohn  H.  e.  Nov.  26.  'Bl.  re-e.  as  vet. 
Lambert  Victor,  e.  t>cl.  17.  '61,  rc-e.  as  vet. 
Myers  Herman,  e.  Sept.  23.  'Bl.  dlsd.  July  15,  '62. 
Miller  Jolin,  e.  Sept.  24.  '61.  re-e.  as  vet. 
McMahci;  Alexander,  c.  Oct.  23.  '61,dl.sd.  Dec.  19.  '64. 
McMillan  .lames  f.  e.  .Sept.  24,  '61,  dlsd.  Dec,  19.  '64. 
Mahon  .lohii.  c.  Nov.  2H,  '61,  re-e.  as  vet. 
Nortbup  Jonah,  e.  Scl>l.  24.  '61,  re-e.  as  vet. 
Osterhont  Daniel,  e.  SepL  24,  '61. 
Oerlley  Leonard,  e.  Se[it.24.  '61.  trans,  toco.  A. 
Phillips  James  N.  c.  Dec.  16.  '61,  re-e.  as  vet. 
PrentUsJobn  l>.  e.  Nov.  13.  '61.  dli-d.  June  28, '82. 
PrlceJohli  II    •■-  .Sept.  24.   61.  re-e.as  vet. 
Pellman  Jolin.  e.  Sept.  25,  '61. 
Purcel  Thomas,  e.  Sept.  24,  '61,  re-e.  as  vet. 
Potts  David,  e.  Dec.  11,  '61,  re-e.  as  vet. 
Reeves  John  H.  e.  Dec.  5,  '61,  illsd.  June  23,  '63. 
Russell  I'urirad  K.  e.  Sept.  24.  '61.  re-e.  as  a  veU 
Kusscll  (ico.  W.  e.  Sept.  24.  '61.  re-e.  as  a  vet. 
Russell  KtM'nczer  K.  e.  Sept.  24.  'HI.  re-e.  aa  a  vet. 
Bando<H  lico.  W.  e.  Nov.  28.  '81.  dlsd. 

Smith  tyrus  S.  e.  Sept.  25.  '61,  died  at  PrInceTllle  Peb.  18,  '62. 
Sheeler  John.  e.  Sept.  24.  "61.  re-e.  as  a  vet. 
Stewart  William,  e.  Sept.  20.  '61,  ri^e.  as  a  vet. 
Hhlrc  Jacob  e.  Dec.  IB.  '61,  re-e.  as  a  vt-t. 
Sheridan  Kilward,  e.  Sejit.  24.  '61. 
Vanhou'M'n  Leonard,  o.  Oct.  1 1.  '61,  re-e.  as  a  vcU 
Wbltlcy  .lames,  e.  t)ct.  9.  '61.  rc-t?.  as  a  vet. 
Whltlev  .lohii.  e.  Oct.  26,  '61.  re-e.  as  a  vet. 
Welch  JainiH,  •:  Oct.  22,  '61,  dlsd.  Nov.  28.  '62. 
Welch  .lohn,  e  Sept.  24,  '61.  died  at  Trenton  Tenn.  April  17,  '63, 

acclilrntal  wounds. 
Ward  ('has.  W  e.  Nov.  7,  '81,  re-e.  as  a  vet. 
White  Maxwell  A.  W.  c.  Sept.  25.  '81.  died  at  Jackson.  Tenn. 

April  IS,  '83. 
Klmmer  Joseph  W.  N.  o.  Sept.  20.  '61. 

VeUtrana. 

Andrew  Stephen,  e.  Dec.  20,  '88,  pro.  to  sergt.  then  2d  Lieut. 

Ilronson  llcnry,  e.  Dec.  20.  '63.  died  at  .Memphis  March  28.  'Bft. 

IlroineOeorKe.e.  Dec.  '20.  '83.  mo  Sept.  30.   85. 

I'ornwcll  Wm.  II   .■.  Die.  211.  113.  mo.  July  20,  '65. 

Drake  Allx-rl.  e.  Dec    2(1, '63, dlsd.  peb.  12.    05. 

Foreman  James,  e.  Dec.  2*1-   63.  tn.o.  Sept.  30.  '65. 

llennInK  William,  e    Dec.  20. 'BS.  dlid  nl  Vlcksbnrg  Oct.  24.'64. 

Hubbard  Sylvester,  i:  Dec.  20.  '63,  ni".  Sept.  30.  '65. 

llorsley  (leorKe  II.  e.  Dec.  20,  '63,  died  In  hands  of  enemy  Feb. 

2H.  '66. 
Hedrlck  Hiram,  e.  Dec  20,  '63,  mo.  Sent.  80,  '68. 
Heald  Horace,  e.  Dec.  20,  '68.  uied  at  »tcmphls  May  12,  '85. 


Hoben  William,  e.  Dec.  20,  '88,  dlshonoTably  dl»d.  war  depL 
order  of  .*Sent.  4. '85-  ...    ...,  ..  .. . 

Harris  Nathaniel,  e.  Dee.  24.  •83,  dlsd.  Dec.  19.  '64.  a»  of  flnt 
enlistment  term  ex. 

Kllvey  John  H.  e.  I>ec.  20.  M. 

Lambert  V  Ictor.  e.  l>ec.  20.  "63.  mo.  Sept.  80.  '69.  a«  eorpl. 

illller  John,  e   l)»-c.  20.  '63.  mo.  Sept  30. '65.  as  sergt. 

Mahon  John.  e.  Det.  20.  ■63.  mo   S.]it-  30.  '65.  as  eorpl. 

Northup  Jonah,  e.  Dec.  20.  't;:).  dbd  at  I'eurla.  111.  March  24.  64. 

Potts  David  M.  e.  Di  ■■  20.  'r/i.  mo-  .stpi.  30.  '65.  as  eorpl. 

Purcell  Thomas,  e.  lite.  20.'  63.  m.o.  Sept.  30.  '65. 

Peet  William  N.  e.  Dec  20.  63.  pro.  sergt.  then  2d  Lieut 

Phillips  Jame.s  M.  e.  Her.  20.  63.  m.o.  Sept.  30.  '65,  as  sergt 

Pierce  John  H.  e.  Dec.  20.  63.  m.o.  Sept.  SO,  '65. 

Russell  Ebeneier  P.  e.  Dec.  '20.  '63,  died  at  \  Icksburg  Aug.  28. 
'64. 

Russell  Conrad  E.  e.  Dec.  24.  '63.  in.o.  .Sept.  SO.  '65.  aa  serg  . 

Russell  Geo.  W.  e.  Dec.  24.  '63.  m.o.  Seul.  30.  '65.  as  eorpl. 

Redd  James  W.  e.  Jan.  2.  '64.  died  at  \  Icksburg  Aug.  2.  '64. 

Smith  Henry  .M.  e.  Dec.  '20.  '63.  m.o.  Sept.  30.  '65.  a-  eorpl. 

Sheeler  John.  e.  Dec. '20. '63.  m.o.  Sept.  30. '65.  . 

Stewart  William,  e.  Dee.  20.  '63.  "lied  at  \  Icksliurg  Dec.  81.  64. 

Stewart  Chas.  H.  e.  Dec.  20.  '63.  m.o.  Sent.  30.  '65.  as  Ist  sergt. 

Shver  Jacob,  e.  Dec-  20,  '63.  in  o.  Sept.  30.  '65.  as  sergt. 

Vaiidoran  Joseph,  e.  Dec.  20.  '63.  m.o.  Sept.  30,  '65,  V  DUgler. 

Vanbusan  Leoiianl.  e.  Dec.  24  '63.  

Ward  Charles,  e.  Dec.  20.  '63.  m.o.  Sept.  30.  '65.  as  sergt. 

Whitby  James,  c.  Dee.  20.  '63  m.o.  Sept.  30.  '65  aa  sergt. 

Whitby  John.  e.  Dec.  20.  '63.  m.o.  Sept.  30.  '65,  aa  aergl. 

Kecrulta. 

Alford  Klmore.  e.  Dec.  24. '63.  m.o.  Sept.  80. '65. 

Alford  William  J.  e.  Dec.  24.  '63.  m.o.  June  16,  '65.  prH.  at  war. 

.Mford  Isaac  W.  e.  Dec.  5.  "62. 

BalLard  Anderson,  e.  Dec.  20.  '63.  m.o.  Sept.  30.  65.      .,. 

Brush  Henry  R.  e.  Oct.  14.  '61.  desrtd.  at  Camp  Lyon,  III. 

Chandler  Henrv.  e.  Jan.  24.  '65.  m.o.  Sept  30.  '85. 

Dukes  Cornelius,  e.  Dec.  2li.  'B.3.  m.o.  .^ept.  30, '65. 

Dukes  Wllllain,  e.  March  22.  "65.  m.o.  Sept.  30.  "65. 

Hare  George,  e.  Sept.  24.  'hi. 

Hart  Lewis  C.  e.  Jan-  24,  '62.  re-e.  as  a  vet. 

Kanouse  Jas.  K.  e.  Nov.  12,  '61. 

Mills  Wm.  H.  e.  Dec.  23.  '63.  m.o.  Sept.  30,  '65. 

Murphy  Richard,  e.  Jan.  21    '65.  m.o.  SipU  80,   68. 

.Morton  William  H.  e.  Sept.  23,  '61. 

Morris  John  11.  e. Sept.  23, '61.  .  „„  ,„ 

Osband  or  Osliome  N.  P.  e.  Dec.  20,  '64.  m.o.  Sept.  80,  '65. 

Phillips  Francis  .M.  e.  Dec.  20.  '64,  m.o.  Sept.  30,  '65,  as  eorpl. 

Redd  James  W.  e.  .Ian.  2.  '62.  re-e.  as  a  vet. 

Smith  Franklin  D.  e.  Sept.  23.  '61. 

Smith  Henrv  M.  e.  Oct.  1.  '61,  re-e.  as  a  vet. 

Stalmet  Keiiben.e.  March  1.  "62.  dlsd. 

Thurston  William,  e.  Dec.  20.  64.  desrtd.  July  14,  '65. 

Vanpatten  Albert  J.  e.  Jan.  20,  '65,  m.o.  Sent.  80.  "65. 

Walla  Edmund,  e.  Jan.  23.  '65,  m.o.  Sept.  30,  '65. 

Young  John  e.  .Sept.  23,  '61. 


lltli  IllinoLs  Cavalry. 

HISTUKY  UF  CO.  E. 

Company  E  of  the  Uth  Illinois  Cavalry  was  organlted  at 
Peoria,  and  left  Caiun  I.von  uTider  ctmimand  of  Capl.  J.  R.  Zclg- 
ler  on  the  21st  da>  of  February.  186'2.  and  arrived  at  Ilenlon 
Barracks,  St.  Louis.  Mo.,  at>onl  the  1st  of  -March,  anil  reported 
to  Col.  llonvvlUe,  cominamllng  post.  From  there  the  rcKlnienl 
went  to  Plt'tsbnrK  Ijindlng,  and  fouuhl  In  the  battle  of  .ithlloh, 
Tenn..  under  *;<*it.  I'reoilce.  Thence  they  went  t»»  Pnrtlv  and 
eaptnre<l  It  on  March  15tli;  also  participated  In  the  siege  of  Cor- 
inth under  Gen.  McKean.  The  company  eiiKaged  In  a  number 
of  sklrniKlo--.  and  battles  In  their  atlvancc.  <-apturlng  Bollver. 
Pocalionias.  sliewallv.  Kossnib.  Rlple>  and  Mcinphtv.  making 
long  ami  wearisome  liiarches  to  Ihc  to\%n>  abinil  Corinth.  MlM.. 
until  the  15th  "t  Seplemner,  1863.  Onthe25lhof  that  onlh 
the  command,  under  MaJ.  llntvrl»augb.  was  surprlse<l  and  nu>»t 
of  the  members  of  coiupan>  I-:  were  caplureil  at  llatchte.  At  the 
second  battle  of  Corinth,  what  meii  were  left  of  the  company 
acted  as  orderlies  ami  (apt. /.elKler  serveil  as  .Viljntant  on  the 
Mtjilt  of  tieii.  Mc-Vrlbur.  whi»sc  brigade  formed  a  part  of  Gen. 
Riisecrans'  illvlslon.  l'ompan\  !■:  was  allrrwanls  with  (ien. 
Grant  at  the  battles  ..f  Cold  Water  and  Holly  Springs:  then 
fought  Gen.  Forrest  In  nuno•rl^n^  sktrmlslies  and  battles  for 
thirty-flve  da^s.  between  Holl\  Snrlnns  and  I'ailucab.  Ky.  At 
the  battle  of  Cross-K..ads.  Col.  Robert  (i.  Ingersoll  and  Major 
Kerr  were  canture<l  h\  Gi-n.  Forrest,  .\fler  enttagluK  In  the 
siege  of  Vlcksburg.  Comp.iii>  F:  relumed  to  llelhel.  Tenn.,  and 
while  there  several  months  inarched  hundriMis  td  miles  In 
guarding  Ihe  Tennessee  rivi-r ;  anil  had  a  nn  in  tier  of  skirmishes 
near  Havana.  11  was  al«o  at  Grand  .luiiciion.  Saulslmrv  and 
Lagrange,  Tenn.  In  Aukum  thej  ia|itur<sl  I,agrange,  Sltss.; 
thence  returned  to  Vlcksbura;  ibein-e  Queen's  Hill,  ami  were 
In  several  battles  and  skirmishes.    The  company  was  mustere^l 

out    at    tlie    eipliati if   tbelr    term   of  enlistment,    but    re- 

enllsted  and  served  until  the  clone  of  the  war. 

Captain  retlre<l  from  the  army  from  dlaablllty,  March  7. 
1N64 

•  •OMTANV    K. 


ChiiImIiim. 

.  20. '01.  res.  March  7.  ■84 
iim.  Marcli  7.  '64,  pro.  Ma 


John  11.  '/.elgler.  com   Dei 

rhillp  P.  F;illolt,  com.  March  7.  ■64,j>ro.  .Mai. 

Martin  L  tAalhonn.  com.  April  20.  65,  m.o.  Kept.  SO,  '65 


PEORIA   COUNTY  WAR   RECORD. 


401 


IjleutenantH. 

First,  Philip  F.  Elliott,  com.  Dec.  20.  '61.  pro. 

First.  Martin  L.  Calhoun.com.  March  7.  '64,  pro. 

First,  Joseph  .Swan.  com.  April  20.  '65.  m.o.  Sept.  30.  '65. 

Second,  Chas.  s.  Bearclsley,  com.  June  20,  '62.  term  ex.  Feb.  10. 

'65. 
.Second.  Joseph  Swan.  com.  Feb.  10.  '65.  pro. 
Second.  William  J.  A.  Buchanan,  com.  April  20.  '65.  m.o.  Sept. 

30.  '65. 

Q.  M.  Sergeant. 
Swau  Joseph,  e.  Oct.  28.  '61.  re-e.  as  vet. 

Sergeants. 

First,  Bearilsley  Chas.  S.  e.  Sept.  30.  '61.  pro.  to  2d  Lieut. 
Calhoun  Martin  L.  e.  Nov.  7.  '61.  re-e.  as  vet. 
Richard  George,  e.  Oct.  4.  '61.  died  at  Corinth  July  21,  '62. 
Guchus  Svlvanus  M.  e.  Sept.  30.  '61,  re-e.  as  vet. 
Wlckwlre  William,  e.  Oct.  4.  '61.  dlsd.  July  24.  '63,  dlsab. 

Corporals. 

Buchanan  William,  e.  Sept.  7.  '61.  re-e.  as  vet. 

Wason  James  T.  e.  Dec.  7.  '61,  re-e.  as  vet. 

Boberson  Nathaniel,  e.  Oct.  15,  '61,  trans,  to  V.  R.  C.  Feb.  11. 

'64. 
GIngerlch  John.  e.  Oct.  3.  '61.  disd.  Mav  1.  '62. 
Wiley  Harrison  E.  e.  Oct.  2.  '61.  dlsd.  April  15.  '63. 
Gray  Henry,  e.  Oct.  16.  '61.  re-e.  as  vet. 
Summers  Henry,  e.  Oct.  6.  '61.  dlsd,  July  12.  '62.  dlsab. 
Ward  Jasper,  e    Oct.   18,  '61, 

Buglers. 

Barnes  Wilson,  e.  Oct.  7.  '61.  disd.  July  11.  '63,  dls<ib. 
Thomas  Austin  J.  W,  e  Dec.  18.  '61. 

Saddler. 

Geegcr  Charles,  e.  Dec.  4,  '61,  died  June  1,  '6'2. 

Wagoner. 

Roe  Alpheus.  e.  Oct.  15,   '61.  desrtd. 

Blacksmith. 

\Vaughop  Amus,  e.  Nov.  8.  '61.  pro.  regt.  blacksmith. 

Farrier. 
Waughop  Amos.  e.  Nov.  8,  '61. 

Privates. 

Allen  Robert,  e.  Dec.  7,  '61,  re-e.  as  vet. 

Barber  Wm.  e.  Oct.  10.  '61.  dlsd.  Sept.  17,  '6-2.  disab. 

Baiter  George,  e.  Oct.  14.  '61.  desrtd.  Feb.  13,  '62. 

Brewer  .loseph.  e.  Oct.  15.  '61.  re-e.  as  vet. 

Barnes  Charles,  e.  Nov.  5.  '61.  dlsd.  June  1.  '62,  dlsab. 

Barber  Elijah,  e.  Nov.  5,  '61,  re-e.  as  vet. 

Burt  Willis  V.  e.  Nov.  20.  '61,  re-e.  as  vet. 

Callahan  John,  e.  Nov.  8,  '61,  re-e.  as  vet. 

Coleman  James  H.  e.  Oct.  6.  '61.  disd.  Dec.  20.  '64. 

Callahan  Edward. e.  Nov.  20.  '61.  re-e.  as  vet. 

(hooper  Joseph,  e.  Nov.  15.  '61.  died  near  Corinth  June  9.  '6'2, 

Dnbald  James  M.  e.  Nov.  13.  '61.  re-e.  as  vet. 

Dunlap  Marshall  L.  e.  Dec.  7.  '61,  disd.  Nov.  7.  '62.  dlsab. 

Denman  Alfred  V.  e.  Dec.  18.  '61.  dlsd.  Jan.  16.  '64,  for  pro. 

Dencius  William,  e.  Sept.  25,  '61,  re-e.  as  vet. 

Engart  De  Witt  C.  e.  Oct.  28,  '61.  re-e.  as  vet. 

Elch  Conrad,  e.  Oct,  7.  '61.  re-e.  asvet. 

Edwards  James  J.  e.  Nov.  19.  '6l;died  at  Keokuk  .-Vprll  21.  '62. 

English  Robert  W.  e.  Dec.  19.  '61.  dlsd.  under  age. 

Fisher  Elijah  T.  e.  Nov.  4.  '61.  disd.  Dec.  20.  '64! 

Fulton  James  K.  e.  Nov.  4.  '61,  re-e.  as  vet. 

Gardner  William  H.  e.  Nov.  18.  '61.  desrtd, 

Gasing  Frederick,  e.  Dec.  5.  '61. 

Garbarino  Charles,  e.  Nov.  28.  '61. 

HIckey  Johns,  e.  Nov.  14. '61.  diedat  Pittsburg  Landing  April 

5.  '62. 
Harding  Samuel  F.  e.  Nov.  20.  *61. 
Hall  Joseph  A.  P.  F.  e.  Nov.  2,  '61.  disd.  Dec.  20.  '64. 
Harrison  George,  e.  Nov.  8.  '61. 
Hall  John  M.  R.  e.  Nov.  2.  '61.  dlsd.  Dec.  20.  '64. 
Kirkman  Alfred,  e.  Dec.  4.  '61. 
Lynch  Maurice,  e.  Dec.  7.  '61.  re-e.  as  vet. 
aims  Joh[i.  e.  Oct.  3.  '61.  re-e.  as  vet. 

McCllntock  John  C.  e.  Nov.  3.  '61,  disd.  Nov.  27.  '63.  dlsab. 
Melson  George  W.  e.  Dec.  2.  '61.  re-e.  as  vet. 
Newland  John  M.  e.  Oct.  25.  '61. 
Orr  Wm.  e.  Oct.  14.  '61,  dlsd.  May  9,  '62,  dlsab. 
Patch  Samuel,  e.  Oct.  28.  '61.  re-e.  as  vet. 
Redding  James,  e.  Nov  13.  '61.  re-e.  as  vet. 
Bobblnson  Joseph,  e.  Nov.  25,  '61,  re-e.  as  vet. 
Roberts  Peier,  e.  Nov.  14.  '61.  dlsd.  Feb.  10. '64.  sent.  G.  C.  M. 
Ransom  David,  e.  Nov.  11.  '61.  died  at  Corinth  Nov.  6.  '68. 
Reed  JosepliL.  e.  Sept.  11.  '61.  regt.  sadler  re-e.  as  vet. 
Suffa  George,  e.  Oct.  5.  '61.  re-e.  as  vet. 

Southworth  George  G,  e.  Nov.  4.  '61,  dtsd.  Nov.  21.  '62.  dlsab. 
Salsman  Charles  A.  e.  Oct.  14.  '61.  furnished  sub.  sul).  desrtd. 
Scrlver  Aaron  .S.  e.  Nov.  15.  '61.  dropped  from  rolls. 
Ster.senbaugh  George  C.  e.  Nov.  18.  '61.  desrtd.  Feb.  11.  '62. 
Slade  Edwin,  e.  Nov.  19  '61.  re-e.  as  vet. 
Slater  Edward,  e.  Nov.  1,  '61,  dlsd.  July  3.  '63,  dlsab. 
Slater  Thomas,  e.  Nov.  1.  '61,  died  at  St.  Louis  July  21.  '62. 
Sullivan  John,  e.  Dec.  8.  '61,  desrtd.  Aug.  8.  '62. 
Ship  Henry,  e.  Dec.  15.  '61,  re-e.  as  vet. 
Todhunter  Roberson,  e.  Oct.  26.  '61,  dlsd.  Dec.  20,  '64. 
Taylor  Henry,  e.  Nov.  13,  '61,  rc-e.  as  vet. 


Tehan  Jeremiah,  e.  Nov.  2,  '61,  dlsd.  Dec.  20,  '64. 
Walsh  James,  e.  Oct.  16.  '61.  re-e.  as  vet. 
Walsh  Aaron  J.  e.  Oct.  19,  '61.  dlsd.  June  22,  '62,  dlsmb. 
Williams  William,  e.  Oct.  28,  '61,  re-e.  as  vet, 
Wason  Daniel  C.  e.  Dec.  2,  '61,  disd.  June  1,  '68. 

Veterans. 

.\yers  Arad  H.  e.  Jan.  2,  '64,  pro.  com.  sergt. 

Allen  Robert,  e.  Dec.  20.  '63.  m.o  Sept.  30.  '65. 

Bruer  Josejih,  e.  Dec.  20.  '63.  pro.  sergt.  major. 

Buchanon  wm.  G.  e.  Dec.  30.  '63,  pro.  sergt.  then  2d  Lieut. 

Barl)er  Elijah,  e.  Dec.  20.  '63.  m.o.  Sept.  30.  '65,  as  corpl. 

Burt  Willis  V.  e.  Dec.  20.  '63.  m.o.  Sept.  30.  '63. 

C,<lioun  Martin  L.  e.  Dec.  20.  '63.  pro.  sergt.  then  Ist  Lieut. 

Callahan  John.  e.  Dec.  20.  '63.  died  at  Memphis  June  11.  '65. 

Callahan  Edward,  e,  Dec.  20.  '63.  m.o.  Sept.  30.  '65.  as  sergt. 

Dural  James  M.  e.  Dec.  20.  '63.  m.o.  Sept.  oO.  '65. 

Denicus  William,  e.  Dec.  20.  '63.  m.o.  Sept.  30.  '65. 

Engart  DeWittC.  e.  Dec.  30,  '63.  m.o.  Sep  .  30.  '65. 

Eich  Conrad,  e.  Dec.  20.  '63,  m.o.  Sept.  30,  '65. 

Fulton  James  K.  e.  Dec.  20,  '63,  m.o.  Sept.  30,  '65,  as  corpl. 

Grav  Harry,  e.  Dec.  20,  '63,  m.o.  Sept.  30,  '65.  as  1st  sergt. 

Gni-hes  Svlvanus,  e.  Dec.  20,  '63,  m.o.  Sept,  .30.  '65. 

Lvnch  M.aurice.  e.  Dec.  20.  '63.  m.o.  Sept.  30.  '65. 

Nelson  George  W.  e.  Dec.  20.  '63.  m.o.  Sept.  30.  '65.  as  sergt. 

Munholland  Cliarlea  P.  e.  Dec.  30.'63.  m.o.  Sept.  30.  '65.  as  corpl. 

Mills  John  M.  e.  Dec.  20.  '63.  absent  sick  atm.o.  regt. 

Patch  Simeon  M.  e,  Dec.  20.  '63.  m.o.  Sept.  30.  '65.  as  sergt. 

Patter  Ephraim,  e.  Dec.  20.  '63.  m.o.  Sept.  30.  '65. 

Redding  James,  e.  Dec.  20,  '63,  m.o.  .Sept.  30,  '65. 

Reid  Joseph  L.  e.  Dec.  20,  '63.  m.o.  Sept.  30,  '65. 

Reece  Humphrey,  e.  Feb.  9.  '64,  m.o.  Sept.  30,  '65. 

Robinson  Joseph,  e.  Jan.  4,  '64,  pro.  sergt.  then  Adj. 

Swan  Joseph,  e.  Dec.  30.  '63.  pro.  sergt.  then  2d  Lieut. 

Sufta  George,  e.  Dec.  30,  '63.  m.o.  Sept.  30,  '65. 

Slade  Edwin  R.  e.  Dec.  30,  '63,  m.o.  Sept.  30.  '65. 

Shlpp  Henry,  e.  Dec.  20.  '63.  m.o.  Sept.  20.  '65. 

Taylor  Henry,  e.  Dec.  20,  '63.  m.o.  Sept.  20,  '65.  as  sergt. 

Tappan  Asher  T.  e.  Feb.  5.  '64.  m.o.  Sept,  20.  '65. 

Walsh  James,  e.  Dec.  20,  '63,  m.o.  Sept.  30,  65. 

Williams  William,  Dec.  30.  '63.  died  at  Memphis  July  12.  '65. 

Wasson  James,  e.  Feb.  9,  '64,  m.o.  Sept.  30.  '65.  as  sergt. 

Waughop  Amos  E.  e.  Dec.  31.  '63.  m.o.  Sept.  30.  '65. 

Recruits. 

Avres  Arad  W.  e.  Jan.  2.  '62.  re-e.  as  vet, 
.\iiams  Thomas,  e.  Sept.  16,  '61.  trans,  to  co.  L. 
Bailev  John  M.  or  W.  e.  Jan.  21.  '64.  m.o.  June  22.  '65. 
Burnet  James,  e.  July  23.  '62.  m.o.  June  9.  '65. 
Bruce  Chas.  W.  e.  Sept.  13,  '64,  m.o.  June  9,  '65. 
Booton  -\sa,  e.  March  31.  '64.  m.o.  May  27,  '65. 
Chillis  Frank  B.  e.  Jan.  17,  '62,  m.o.  Jan.  17,  '65. 
Clamv  Michael,  e,  Feb.  12.  '62.  m.o.  Feb.  13.  '65. 
Cuminlngs  David  M.  e.  Oct.  10.  '61.  pro.  to  Ist  Lieut,  co.  F. 
Cox  Tllden.  e.  Feb.  11.  '62.  dl,sd.  June  32.  '62.  disab. 
Dougherty  James  P.  e.  Sept.  8.  '62.  m.o.  Sept.  30,  '65. 
Delong  Edward  J.  e.  Nov.  23,  '61.  desrtd.  Feb.  17,  '62. 
Edmonds  Thomas,  e.  Nov.  30.  '61.  died  at  Camp  Lyons,  111. 

Nov.  '61. 
Franklin  Saml.  T.  e.  Feb.  2.  '64,  m.o.  Sept.  30,  '65  as  corpl. 
Fisher  Hart  O.  e.  Jan-  21,  '64,  m.o.  Sept.  30,  '65. 
Freezee  Caleb  M.  e.  Nov.  IB.  '61,  lu.o.  June  9,  '65. 
Fiefield  William  E.  e.  Jan.  30,  '62,  re-e.  as  vet. 
Gerrard  William,  e.  Dec.  6,  '63,  m.o.  Sept.  30,  '65  as  corpl. 
Gill  Thomas,  e.  Feb.  2,  64,  m.o.  Sept.  30,  '65. 
Gesslcr  IliMjiv.  e.  Oct.  8.  '61.  desrtd.  June  1.  '63. 
Hciiifind  .luhn  L.  e.  Dec.  3.  61,  dropped  from  rolls. 
Harding  .lames  J.  e.  Nov.  18.  '61.  dropped  from  roils. 
Hines  Lewis,  e.  Feb.  2.  '62.  trans,  to  1st  111,  cav. 
Kellogg  Daniel  B.  e.  Jan.  4,  '65,  m.o.  Sept.  30,  '65. 
Leiand  Francis  T.  e.  March  23.  '64.  m.o.  Sept.  30.  '65. 
Lock  Wllllaiu,  e.  Jan.  24,  '63,  re-e.  as  vet. 
MarshallJames  M.  e.  Feb.  3,  '64,  m.o.  Sept.  30,  '65. 
Moon  Charles,  e.  ,Iune  24,  '65.  m.o.  Sept.  30,  '65. 
Munholland  Chas.  P.  e.  Nov.  38,  '61,  re-e.  as  vet. 
Murphy  Patrick,  e.  Oct,  37,  '61,  trans,  to  co.  L. 
Miller  George,  e.  Feb.  19,  '62.  died  at  Keokuk.  Iowa.  April  26. 

'62. 
Pahiiiam  Henry,  e.  Sept.  13.  '63.  m.o.  June  9,  '65. 
Potter  i:plii;tliu,  e.  Dec.  31,  '61.  re-e.  as  vet. 
Robeson  Ciiliimbus  A.  e.  Feb.  4   '62.  m.o.  Feb.  4.  '65. 
Rudlotf  Theodore,  e.  Jan.  10.  '63.  desrtd.  March  24,  '62. 
Reace  Humphrey,  e.  Feb.  19.  '62.  re-e.  as  veteran. 
Smitli  George  W.  e.  Feb.  3,  '64,  m.o.  Sept.  30,  '65. 
.Soadv  Zechariah,  e.  Jan.  4,  '62,  m.o.  Jan.  4,  '65. 
Smith  Julius  P.  e.  Feb.  5,  '64. 
Stem  Charles,  e.  Oct.  15,  '61.  trans,  to  co.  M. 
Sheely  Robert,  e.  Oct.  15,  '61,  died  hospital  boat  March  10.  '64. 
Shafer  Frank,  e.  Dec.  21.  '61,  desrtd.  Jan   18,  '62,  sub. 
Thurston  Frank,  e.  April  7.  '64,  m.o.  .Sept.  30,  '65. 
Tappin  Aslier,  e.  Feb.  5,  '62,  re-e,  as  vet. 
Wetheral  Theodore,  e.  Jan.  5.  '64,  m.o.  Sept.  30,  '65. 
Wagner  John  E.  e.  Nov.  15.  '61.  desrtd.  Nov.  23,  '61. 
West  William,  e.  Feb.  4,  *62,  re-e.  as  veteran. 
Washburne  0.  H,  e,  Oct.  5,  '61. 

COMPANY   F. 

Lieutenant. 

Second,  William  Cnrrie,  com.  March  24, 

I'riv.ites. 
Abbott  John  C.  e.  Dec.  13,  '61.  desrtd.  July  27,  '68. 
Brown  Peter,  e.  Nov.  3,  '61. 


2,  pro.  quartermaster. 


402 


PEORIA  COUNTY  WAli   liECORD. 


C»rd  A11..JV  .■    N.iv.  13.  "61.  illnd.  March  SO,  '63.  tll«»b. 

l)*l/i  Nov.  5. '81.  rt'-».  M  vel. 

Pol.t  Or*.  5,  '61.  rt>-<*.  a**  vet. 

J(.h  ••.  N'ov.  '*A.  'til.  re-  ■.  ,1»  vet, 

KiMi  ■'    "    '61.  re-e.  as  vet. 

Ml.  .  ■     re-e.  AS  vet. 

Rv..  'til.  r^'-e.  as  veU 

Slii-  .,1..J1«.I.  Jan.  SO. '03.  JlMb. 

Vet«rans. 
Tuser  Andrew,  e.  Dee.  4.  '«1.  Jlwl.  Dec.  20.  '64.  term  ex. 
Devliie  rieiilil^.  e.  Hei-.  JO.  "O". 

Foley  Ml.-li;i.|.  e.  D.-i-.  Jo.   h),  ui.o,  s.-iii.  M.  '(.."i.  as  corpl. 
Jubusiin  riiouiai.  e.  I)e.-.  'Jli   'li:!.  m.".  Stiit.  30.  '63.  as  corpl. 
Kennedy  Nicholas,  e.  l>ec  .  iO.  '63.  .il.seiit  •ilek  at  m.o.  of  reRl. 
Ryaiknell  Michael,  e.  l>ec.  ao.  'B3.  ni.o.  .SciiU  30.  '65. 


Crumbaker  Jaui< 
Chureb  Milton. 
Dunn  JoHenh  K 
Davlrlson  Win.  >-.  ■•  i  i. 
Fnrlonyt  .T'»lin.  e.  .Ian. 
HlCffliis  TtHiinas,  e.  Ui 
.lonnson  I'tiarles  U 


Rerrnit*. 

'.     11. o.  Sept.  30.  '65. 
,  at  VI.-kHl.urK.lilly  31,  '61. 

•  .-ii.  17.  't;5. 

....  ...    ,  ,.,   .Nov.  15. '6a.  aisab. 

■--5.   n.'>.  ui.o,  Sept.  30.  "65. 

ir-.  J.  'lil.  ilLiil.  Uec.  ao.  '64,  term  ex. 

Dee.  ai.  '63.  m.o.  .Sept.  30.  '65. 


Bedinond  Michael,  e.  Dec.  7,  '63.  m.o.  July  10,  '65. 
Waller  John  H.  e.  Jan.  2\.  '64.  absent  sick  at  m.o.  of  regl. 

CO.MPANY  v.. 

C'aiitiiln. 
Stephen  S.  rrliip,  com.  Feb.  16.  '63.  term  ex.  June  24.  '65. 

Lieutenant. 
.Second,  .Stephen  S.  Tripp,  cotn.  Dec.  20,  '61.  res.  Sept,  3,  '62. 

Privates, 
ouirk  Uornellus.  e.  Nov.  10.  '61.  m.o.  Dec.  19,  '64. 
Younx  W.  B.  e.  Nov.  14,  '61,  re-e.  as  vet. 

RecrultJi. 
Barnes  .Samuel,  e.  Aug.  14,  '6'2.  m.o.  June  1,  '6'!. 
McSeel  Sam.  A.  c.  Aug.  7.  '62.  died  at  Chattanooga  Nov.  15,  '64. 

COMPANY   U. 

Prl%*at«. 

'Williams  John,  e.  Dec.  12.  '61.  le-e.  .is  vet. 

A^eteranw. 
Uevlne  Charles  J.  o.  Feb.  6.  '64,  m.o.  Sept.  30.  '65. 
Lowell  Alfred,  e.  Feb.  6.  '64.  m.o.  Sept.  30.  '65.  as  sergt. 
Williams  John,  e.  Dec.  20.  "64,  m.o.  Sept.  80, '65,  as  sergt. 

KecrultJi. 

Amend  Mo.ses  II.  e.  March  31.  '64.  m.o.  Sept.  SO,  '65. 

Bernar<l  Andrew  D.  e.  .\uk.  a.  '62.  died. 

Courtenay  .lolin.  o.  July  2-2.  'fi'2.  desrKl.  June  14,  '64. 

Devlin-  Charli-.s  J.  e.  Feb.  5.  '62.  re-e.  us  vet. 

.Monlh  .l.icl..  .-.  Feb.  '23.  '66,  m.o.  Sept.  30.  '65. 

I'eltler  li.iiiiliile.  e.  Aug.  7,  '62.  Irans.  loco.  F. 

Scruby  Willlani.  e.  Aug.  »,  '62.  m.o.  June  »,  '65. 

Stall!  Hubbard  I,,  e.  Aug.  iV.  '62.  m.o.  June  9,  '65. 

.Scrubby  Frank,  c.  Aug.  9,  '62.  died  at  Vlckaburg.  Dec.  27.  "64. 

COMP.VNY     I. 

UecrultM. 

Ackerinan  .lobn  II.  c.  Feb.  6   '65,  desrld.  April  22.  '85. 
Brown  Henry,  e.  Jan.  1,  '6'2,  disrtd.  Jan.  31.  '62. 
Steele  Isaac,  c.  Dec.  28.  '61.  disd.  Aug.  21,  '62. 

COMPANY  K. 

I'rlTHtfi*. 
Haw  JaincL  o.  Not.  H.  '61.  desrtd.  Feb.  22,  '62. 
Malone  William,  e.  Dec.  9,  '61,  re-e.  n»  vet- 
Qiinll  Jidiii,  e.  Nov.  8.  '81,  re-e.  as  vet. 
Rowley  IXXIer  M.  e.  Dec.  18.  '61    re-e.  as  vet. 
Rowley  Nanil    K.  e.  Nov.  8,  '61,  illsd.  -Nov.  19,  '84. 
IliiurkeCbarlev  e.  Dec.  1.  '61.  re-e.  as  vet. 
Sullivan  Wm.  H.  e.  Nor.  8,  '61,  dlml.  Dec.  19.  '64. 

Yeterana. 

Malone  William,  e.  Dec.  20.  '113,  m.o.  Kept.  30,  '65. 
IJuaKle  J.ihll.  e.  Dec.  20.    112.  in."    Sejil    SO.  '65. 
ItuurkeChaK.  II.  e.  Dee.  20.  '113.  m.o.  Dec.  18,  '65. 
Rowley  Dexter  M.  c.  Dec.  '20,  '63,  uesrtd.  July  11,  '65. 

ICeorulta. 

Adim  Allwrt.  e.  Feb.  80,  '62.  re-e.  as  vet. 
nuswell  Nicholas  ('.  e.  Nov.  6.  '81,  desrld.  A 
LucM  T.  '/..  e.  April  14.  '64,  died  at  VIcksburg, 

COMPANY    L, 

I'liplaln. 

r  .imaiii  Ua>,i.  nun  liii.  ','S.  '112.  leriii  ex.  He 

l.lriitenanta. 
Flrat,  I'hultius  U'iiajil,  cuui.  l>et-.  20.  ul,  !<.,<. 


ug.  R.  '82. 

rg.  May  20.  '64. 


Flrat,  wnilam  D.  Slater,  com.  Oct.  28,  '88,  term  ex.  Dee.  It.  '64. 

Second,  William  D.  Slater,  com.  Dec.  20.  '81.  pro. 

Second.  Daniel  K.  Buck.  com.  April  20.  '85,  m.o.  Sept.  80.  '66. 

Q.  M.  Sergeant, 
Gllllgan  Tliumaa.  e.  SepL  25,  '61.  re-e.  as  vet. 

Sericeanta. 
Falls  Wm.  U.  e.  Oct  15.  '61.  re-e.  aa  veL 
Martin  Johu.  e.  Oct.  2.  °61. 

t'urporala. 

Buck  Daniel  R.  e.  Oct.  5.  '61.  re-e.  as  vet. 
Walt  Obed  F.  e.  Oct.  28.  '61.  re-e.  as  vet. 
Quiggle  Isaac,  e.  Oct.  25.  '81. 
•Turner  F.  J.  e.  Oct.  88.  '61.  re-e.  as  vet. 


Emery  Wllll»,>.  ocL  IS 


EnalBU- 

'81.  desrtd.  March  15.  '82. 


Blacksmith. 

Kemp  Samuel,  e.  Nov.  SI,  '61,  dlsd.  Oct.  18.  '82.  disab. 

Privates. 
.\rnnld  William,  e.  Nov.  6,  '61.  m.o.  Dec.  19,  '84. 
Adams  Tli.nnas,  e.  Sept.  16.  '61.  desrld.  Feb.  12.  '62. 
Bearer  lie..r);c.  e.  Oct.  15.  "61.  dlsd.  Sept.  10.  '6-2.  dlsab. 
Calry  Kilw  ird  A.  e.  Oct.  '28.  '61.  died  at   VIcksburg  Jan.  IS,  '65 
Co.its  Roiiert.  e.  Nov   7.  '61.  dlsd.  Dee.  2S.  '62.  dlsab. 
Curran  .lames,  e.  Nov.  20.  '61.  dlsd.  .Nov.  16,  '6'2,  dlsab. 
Campbell  William,  e.  Dec.  7.  '61.  dud.  .March  20.  '62.  dlsab. 
CInvton  William,  e.  Oct.  5.  '61.  pro.  asst.  wagoninstr. 
Carrlgali  Palsv.  e.  Nov.  aO.  '61.  desrtd.  Dec.  15.  '61. 
Decker  DavidJ.  e.  Nov.  20.  '61,  desrld.  Dec-  22.  "61. 
Dlveii>  John.  e.  Ocl.  16. '61.  re-e.  as  vet. 
Deland  I'eter  J.  e.  Nov.  12.  '61.  dlsd.  Sept.  15.  '62.  dlsab. 
Oean  .loseph.  e.  Oct.  23.  '61.  re-e.  as  veU 
lioodwln  ,bihn,  e.  Nov.  2.  *61. 
Gulrll  John.  e.  Dec.  14.  '61.  dLsd. 
nickel  Charles,  e.  Nov.  18.  '61.  desrld.  .March  27.   62. 
Sherdan  (Jeorge.  e.  Dec.  1.   H.  dlsd.  Nov.  3.  '62,  dlsab. 
Shoon  John.  e.  Dec.  7,  '61.  re-c.  as  vet. 
Vandoren  O.  B.  e.  Oct.  17.  '61.  dlsd.  Jan.  5.  '68. 
Washburn  C.  H.  e.  Oct.  5.  '81.  irans.  to  co.  E. 

Yeterana. 

Buck  Daniel  R.  e.  Dec.  20,  '63.  pro.  sergt.  then  2d  Lieut. 

Dlvlns  John.  e.  Dec.  20.  '63.  died  at  VIcksburg  June  '27.  64. 

Fultl  William,  e.  Dec.  '20.  '63. 

Ghecn  J. .slab.  e.  Dec.  20.  '63.  m.o.  Sept.  .30.  '65.  as  sergt. 

Ullllxaii  rhuinas.  e.  Dec.  20.  '63.  m.o.  Sept.  30.  '65. 

lihlles  lUusler,  e.  Jan.  3.  '64.  dbHl  al  VIcksburg  .Sept.  8,  64. 

James  Benjamin  F.  e.  ,laii.  5.  '64.  m.o.  Sept.  30.  '65. 

Kearus  Joseph  B.  e.  Jan.  '2.  '64.  m.o  Sept.  30.  '65.  as  sergt. 

Rogers  Wllli^  e.  Jan.  10.   64.  m.o.  Sept.  SO.  '65. 

Slliiger  (ieorge.  e.  Deo.  20. '63. 

Turner  Havlnus  J.  e.  Dec.  20.  '63.  m.o.  .sept.  30.   65. 

Thorn  .Inbii.  e.  Dec.  20.  '63. 

Vansteel  W  m.  e.  Feb.  22.  '64.  m.o.  Sept.  30.  '65.  as  sergt. 

Walt  Obed  F.  e.  Dec  '23.  '63. 

Kecrnlta. 
Bibb  John  Q.  A.  e.  March  2.S.  '64.  m.o.  Sept.  30.  '65.  as  corpl. 
Beaver  tteorge,  e.  ,laii.  19.  '64,  m.o.  Sept.  'SO,  '65. 
Blnnegar  .lonii  e.  Jan.  10.  '62.  m.o.  term  ex. 
Illshoi.  Mark.  e.  Deo.  27.  '61.  illsd.  .May  8.  '62.  dlsab. 
llolln Veler.l.  e.  Jan.  IS.  '64.  m.o.  .Sept.  'SO.  '65. 
if  reeii  .lohii,  e.  Jan.  7,  '62.  re-e.  as  vet. 

lilies  llanslcr.  e.  Jan.  S.  '62.  re-e.  as  vet.  .... 

J.dinsoii  Alexander  I',  e.  Jan.  15,  '62.  dlsd.  Aug.  8«,  '6'2.  dlsab. 
James  llelijamlli  F.  e.  Jan.  15   '62.  re-e.  as  vel. 
Keariis  Joseph  II.  e.  Jan.  10.  '62'  re-e.  as  vol. 
I. lice  Kllhn   c.  Feb   7,  '«'2.  dlsd.  .May  SO.  "62.  dlsab. 
Marshall  lie. TKC  ■.  K.I.   S.  '64.  m.o.  Sept.  30, '65. 
l-avniod  |s:idorc  ,■    F.  1.   23.  '65,  m.o.  Sept,  30, '65. 
I'o'wers  .lidin.  e.  ,Ian.  22.  'ti2. 
Rogers  Willis,  e.  Jan.  10.  '6-2,  re-e.  as  vel. 
Sohrader  Oeorge.  e.  Jan.  4.  '65.  m.o.  Sept.  SO,  '65. 
Stenlgar  Oeorge.  e.  Dec.  2.  '61.  re-e.  as  vet. 
Shitloy  Robert,  e.  Oct.  23.  '61.  Irans.  to  ro.  K. 
Vaiitral  William,  e.  Feb.  21.  "62,  re-e.  as  vet. 
Weaver  Calvin,  e.  Nov.  27.  '61.  desrtd.  Jan.  5,  "62. 

CO.MPANY    M. 

Captain*. 

AdamSluber.  oimi.  Dec.  20.  '61.  res.  Nov.  18.  '8*. 

HugbC.  Momtt.  com.  Nov.  IK   •6'2.  kid.  in  battle  July  5,  '64. 

John  J.  I'erry.  com.  lH>c.  19.  '64.  ni.o.  Sept  SO,  "65. 

LlrutenantM. 

First,  lliigb  C.  Mointt.  com.  Ih-c.  20.  "61,  prolnoKil. 

Flrsl,  li'-orge  A.  Ijuln,  etuii.  Nov.  Ih.  '62.  died  Jan.  ft.  '63. 

First.  John. I.  I'err\,  com.  July  5.  "tit,  pro. 

Second,  (ieorge  A.  Quln.  com.  Dec.  20.  "61.  proinoti-d. 

Sro.oid.  Jidin  Tllby.  com.  Jan.  8.  '63,  drownwl  July  S.  64. 

Second.  Win.  F   Jennings,  rom.  April  11.  '65.  m.o.  Sept.  SO. '65. 

.Srrgeaiila. 
First,  McCull)  Jackson,  e.  Sept  27.  '61.  dlsd.  Dw.  17.  '61»,dl«ab 
rilbo  Julll^  c.  Sept  117.  61,  pro.  to  2d.  Ueut. 


PEORIA   COUNTY  WAR  RECORD. 


403 


McCully  Joseph  A.  e.  Sept.  37,  '61. 
Seeley  Henry,  e.  Sept.  27.  '61,  dlsd.  Oct. 


ilisd.  Oct. 
62. 


'62. 


Corporals. 

Merwln  J.inies  B.  e.  Xov.  8.  '61,  trans.  Invalid  corp  July  8,  '64. 
Ward  Thomas,  e.  Oct.  31,  '61.  re-e.  as  vet. 
Sandrteper  Henry,  e,  Nov.  18.  '61,  re-e.  as  vet. 
Hender.son  James,  e,  Dec.  5.  '61.  re-e.  as  vet. 

Privates. 

Beck  Henrv.  e.  Sept.  23,  '61,  re-e.  as  vet. 

Barton  Ira  A.  e.  Nov.  6.  '61,  disd.  Dec.  '20.  '64. 

Clark  Silas  A.  e.  Nov.  28.  '61,  re-e.  as  vet. 

Clifton  Nelson,  e.  Oct.  31.  '61,  disd.  Dec.  20.  '64. 

Calhoun  James  H.e.  Nov.  1.3. '61.  disd.  Dec.  17, '62.  dlsab. 

Davidson  Thomas,  e.  Sept.  27.  '61.  re-e.  as  vet. 

Deiiflfman  Thomas,  e.  Nov.  2.  '61.  deserted  in  '61. 

Ellis  Benjamin,  e.  Sept.  27.  '61.  m.o.  Dec.  20,  '64. 

Edelman  John,  e.  .Sept.  23.  '61.  re-e.  as  vet. 

Ford  James,  e.  Dec.  19,  '61,  re-e.  us  vet. 

Garvin  Ambrose  D.  e.  Nov.  20.  *61.  re-e.  as  vet. 

Goot  John.  e.  Nov.  11.  '61.  desrtd.  Feb.  '62. 

Hendricks  Peter,  e.  Sept.  27.  '61.  disd.  Dec.  20,  '64. 

Hick  Benjamin,  e.  Oct.  8.  '61.  trans.  Sept.  '64. 

Horwold  Joseph,  e.  Sept.  27.  '61,  re-e.  as  vet. 

Holiday  Basil,  e.  Nov.  18.  '61.  re-e.  as  vet. 

Holiday  John  James,  e.  Nov.  25.  '61.  re-e.  as  vet 

Haley  Dennis,  e.  Nov.  10.  '61  disd.  Nov.  '62. 

Hickson  George,  e.  Sept.  27,  '61,  re-e.  as  vet. 

Henry  Dennis,  e.  Oct.  10,  '61,  re-e.  as  vet. 

Hesse  Joseph,  e.  Sept.  23,  '61,  dlsd.  Oct.  27,  '62.  disah. 

Lawrence  Charles,  e.  Oct.  38,  '61,  trans,  to  V.  R.  C.  Feb.  11,  '64. 

Mitchell  George,  e.  Dec.  3.  '61.  died  at  Pittsburg  Landing.  July 

13,  '62. 
Matlin  Jacob,  e.  Oct.  27.  '61.  re-e.  as  vet. 
Noell  Dennis,  e.  Sept.  27.  '61,  disd.  Feb.  4.  '63.  disab. 
Nefl  Marks,  e.  Oct.  31.  '61.  disd.  Dec.  20.  '64. 
Owens  Columbus,  e.  Sept.  27.  '61.  re-e.  as  vet. 
Otto  John  C.  e.  Sept.  27.  '61.  re-e.  as  vet. 
Phelps  Harvey,  e.  Oct  27.  '61.  kid.  atShiloli.  April  19,  '62. 
Ricett  Johu,  e.  Nov.  1. '61. 

Roberts  George,  e.  Oct.  31.  '61.  desrtd.  Feb.  20,  '62. 
Stenn  Charles,  e.  Oct.  IS.  '61,  disd.  Dec.  32.  '64. 
Spicer  David,  e.  Sept.  37,  '61.  died  at  Peoria  Jan.  16,  '62. 
Seipe  Charles  F.e.  Dec.  16.  '61.  disd.  Dec.  13.  '63.  disab. 
Smith  George  T.  e.  Nov.  25,  '61,  disd.  Nov.  12,  '63,  disab. 
Tanner  Merchant  F.  e.  Nov.  25.  '61,  re-e.  .as  vet. 
Wallace  Henry,  e.  Sept.  27.  '61,  re-e.  as  vet. 
Welsh  James,  e.  Sept.  27.  '61,  re-e.  as  vet. 
Watson  Thomas,  e.  Oct.  6,  '61. 
Winches  Andrew,  e.  Dec.  3.  '61.  re-e.  as  vet. 
Wayson  Berlah,  e.  Nov.  25,  '61,  re-e.  as  vet. 
Walker  John,  e  Nov.  14.  '61.  re-e.  as  vet. 
Yonger  .\daiu.  e.  Sept.  27.  '61. 

Veterans. 

Beck  Henrv.  e.  Dec.  20,  '63. 

Calvin  John.  e.  Dec.  30.  '63.  m.o.  Sept.  30.  '65,  as  sergt. 

Clark  Silas  A.  e.  Dec.  20.  '63.  m.o.  .Sept.  30.  '65.  as  cornl. 

Carter  Herman  .s.  e.  Dec.  20.  '63.  m.o.  Sept.  30.  '65. 

Davidson  Thomas,  e.  Dec.  20  '63,  m.o.  Sept.  30.  '65. 

Eddleman  John  e.  Dec.  30.  '63,  m.o.  Sept.  30,  '65. 

Ford  James  e.  Dec.  3D,  'B3.  m.o.  Sept.  30.  '65. 

Garwin  Amiirose.  e.  Dec.  20.  '63,  m.o.  Sept.  30.  '65. 

Herwokl  .Joseph,  e.  Dec.  20.  '6.3.  m.o.  Sept.  30.  '65. 

Hnlliday  Basil  G.  e.  Dec.  20. '63.  diedat  Vickshurg,  Oct   21    '64 

Holiday  .l.ihn  J.  e.  Dec.  30.  '63.  m.o.  Sept.  30,  '65. 

Henry  Dennis,  e.  Dec.  20,  '63,  m.o.  .Sept.  30.  '65,  assergt. 

Hlion  Geo.  W.  e.  Dec.  20,  '63,  m.o.  Sept.  30,  '65. 

Henderson  James,  e.  Dee.  20,  '63,  m.o.  Sept.  30,  '65. 

Ley  John,  e.  Dec.  30,  '63,  m.o.  Sept.  30,  '65. 

Mattin  Jacob,  e.  Dec.  20.  '63,  trans,  to  CO.  A. 

Otto  John  C.  e.  Dec.  20,  '63. 

Owens  Columbus,  e.  Dec.  20,  '63,  m.o.  Sept.  30,  '65.  as  sergt. 

Rich  William  C.  e.  Dec.  20.  '63.  desrtd.  April  ^0.  '64. 

Sandritter  Henry,  e.  Dec.  20.  '63.  trans,  to  eo.  A. 

Tanner  Merchant  K.  e.  Dec.  20.  '63,  m.o.  Sept.  30.  '65. 

«  allace  Henry,  e.  Dec.  20.  '63.  m.o.  .Sept.  30,  '65. 

Walker  ,lohn,  e.  Dec.  20,  '63.  desrtd.  March.  '64. 

Wayson  Berlah.  e.  Dec.  20.  '63.  died  at  Vicksburg,  July  25,  '64 

Winches  Andrew,  e.  Dec.  20.  '63,  m.o.  Sept.  30.  '65.  as  1st  sergt. 

Ward  Thomas,  e.  Dec.  20.  '63.  m.o.  Sept.  30,  65. 

Recruits. 

Asplnwall  Job,  e.  Sept.  30.  64.  m.o.  Sept.  30.  '65. 
Aten  Benjamin,  e.  .Nlarr.h  33.  '65.  trans,  to  5th  111. 
Beebe  Richard  H.  .e.  March  28.  '64.  m.o.  Sept.  30. 
Beebe  James,  e.  March  28.  '64.  m.o.  Sept.  30.  '65. 
Brady  Charles,  e.  Feb.  6.  '64.  m.o.  Sept.  30.  '65. 
Brown  Cary.  e.  March  17,  '64.  m.o,  Sept.  .30,  '65 

BettlS  William    y    <>      .iTM-il     1.1     -CA      .«  ..     i..i„  n 


Cav. 
'65. 


30.  '65. 


lam  F.e.  .Iprll   14.  '64.  m.o.  July  8.' '65  to  date  May 

Beebe'Alonz  .  e.  Feb.  23.  '64,  died  at  Vicksburg,  Oct  25  '64 

Cox  Oscar  J.  e.  Feb.  1,  '64,  m.o.  Sept.  30,  '65. 

Oarr  John.  e.  Aug.  25,  '64,  m.o.  Sept.  30,  '65. 

Cratik  Jo  in  H.  e.  Jan.  27.  '65,  dieif  La  Grange,  Tenn.  Sept.  2, '65. 

Davis  Able.  e.  Feb.  15.  'ii4,  m.o.  sept.  30,  '65^ 

Drake  PbiiiHa.s  U.  e.  Sept.  30.  '64.  m.o.  Sept.  30.  '65. 

De.samo  John  S.  e.  .Sept.  37,  '61,  desrtd.  Oct.  1.  '61. 

Goddard  \\  illiam.  e.  Jan  5.  '64.  m.o.  Sept.  30.  '65.  as  corpl. 

Garvin  Kariiey.  e.  March  22.  '64.  m.o.  Sept.  30,  '65. 

Oroon  John  W.  e.  Jan.  27.  '65.  ni.o.  Sept.  30.  '65. 

GreggJam.-s  Q.  e.  Feb.  26,  '64. 

HairPeter  A,  e.  Feb.  15,  '64,  m.o.  Sent.  30.  '65.  as  corpU 


Klngdon  William  H.  e.  Aug.  13,  '6'2,  m.o.  June  9.  '65. 

Keller  Jacob  H.  e.  Dec.  28,  '61. 

Ley  John.  e.  Nov.  5.  '61,  re-e.  as  a  vet. 

Mofflt  William  E.  e.  Jan.  5,  '64,  m.o.  Sept,  30.  '65,  as  corpl. 

McCullv  Joseph  A.  e.  Jan.  5.  '64.  m.o.  Sept.  30,  '65. 

McCullv  William  H.  e.  Jan.  2"  '65.  m.o.  Sept.  30.  '65. 

Mulbeliill  Jeremiah  C.  e.  Aug.  14.  '62,  m.o.  June  9,  '65. 

McGraw  Patrick,  e.  Aug.  14,  '62. 

Nelson  E1I.1S.  e.  Jan.  34.  '64.  m.o.  Sept.  30.  '65. 

Oaktord  Thomas  H.  e.  Dec.  4,  '63,  m.o.  Seiit.  30.  '65.  as  corpl. 

O'Neal  Thomas,  e.  March  31.  '65.  m.o.  Sept.  30.  '65. 

Putnam  William,  e.  Dec.  28.  '61.  disd.  Oct.  27.  '62.  disab. 

Putnam  Luther,  e.  Oct.  4.  '61.  died  at  Peoria,  111.  Dec.  3,  '61. 

Rome  Nelson  E.  e.  Dec.  1.  '63,  m.o.  Sept.  30.  '65. 

Rutherford  George,  e.  March  31.  '64.  died  Memphis.  May  7. 

Rich  William,  e.  Dec.  7.  '61.  re-e.  as  a  vet. 

Sirlat  James,  e.  Sept.  27,  '61,  disd.  Oct.  1.  '61.  disab. 

Simmons  Halibie.  e.  Oct.  6,  '61.  disd.  Nov.  12.  '62.  disab. 

Swan  James  C.  e.  March  9.  '64.  desrtd.  April  26.  '64. 

Thompson  William  R.  e.  Jan.  5.  '64.  m.o.  Sept.  30.  '65. 

Thurston  William,  e.  Nov.  23,  '63,  m.o.  Sept.  30,  '65. 

Teal  William,  e.  Sept.  27,  '61.  disd.  Aug.  — .  '62. 

Wheeler  John  H.  e.  Jan.  16.  '64.  m.o.  Sept.  30.  '65.  as  corpl. 

Waggoner  John  Sr.  e.  March  31,  '64,  m.o.  Sept.  30,  '65. 

Will  Charles,  e.  Jan.  5.  '64,  m.o.  Sept.  30.  '65. 

Webber  .Andrew,  e.  Oct.  6.  '61,  disd.  Jan  18.  '63. 

Uuassigrned  Recruits. 

Allen  Francis,  e.  March  9.  '65. 

Brady  John  J.  e.  Feb.  4.  '63. 

Crew  Noah  J.  e.  March  29.  '64. 

Carlton  Edward,  e.  Dec.  15,  '63,  desrtd.  Jan.  5.  '64. 

Cox  Joseph,  e.  Sept.  16.  '64.  rejected. 

Conn  Charles,  e.  Nov.  18.  '64. 

Conner  John,  e.  Feb.  I,  '63. 

Delaney  Thomas,  e.  March  21.  '64. 

Dowene  Henry,  e.  March  29,  *65. 

Dane  Christopher,  e.  Marcli  9.  '65. 

Foster  R.  N.  e.  Nov.  12.  '62. 

Ford  Charles  D.  e.  April  14.  '64. 

Goddard  Artemas  W.  e.  An^.  14. '62. 

.lacob  Henry,  e.  Jan.  29.  '63. 

King  Henrv  A.  e.  .Jan.  21.  '64. 

Kelley  John,  e.  Feb.  5.  '65. 

Laird  Homer,  e.  Aug.  14.  '62. 

Mitchell  Harrison,  e.  Nov.  18.  '62. 

McDaniel  James,  e.  Dec.  15.  '63. 

McGoan  Harris,  e.  March  9.  '65. 

Murphy  Patrick,  e.  March  9,  '65. 

Nolin  J.  D.  e.  Nov.  18.  '62. 

Neuer  .August,  e.  Dec.  7.  '63. 

O'Brian  James,  e.  Dec.  19, '63. 

Phillips  Charles,  e.  Jan.  29.  '63. 

Peeper  John  E.  e.  Aiiril  9. '64. 

Phillips  John,  e.  Feb.  5. '65. 

Preston  Alfred  H.  e.  Dec.  6.'63. 

Slocum  John,  e.  Dec.  1,'62. 

Shell  Oliver  C.  e.  Sept.  29.'64. 

Snyder  or  Smith  J.  C.  e.  Feb.  28. '65. 

Stewart  Walter  F.  e.  March  1,'65. 

Smith  James,  e.  March  9, '65. 

Seymour  John,  e.  March  9,'65. 

Shields  John,  e.  Jan.  11. '64. 

Wilson  William,  e.  Aug.  15,'62. 

Young  Adiah,  e.  Jan.  5,'64. 


14th  Cavalry. 


Colonel. 

Horace  Capron,  com.  Feb.  6,'63,  res.  Jan.  23. '65.  pro.  to  Brevi 
Brig.  Gen.  March  13. '65. 

Lieutenant  Colonel. 

Horace  Capron,  com.  Jan.  7, '63,  pro. 

First  Assistant  Surgreon. 
Geo.  A.  Wilson,  com.  Jan.  7.'63.  re.s.  April  7,'65. 

COMPANY  A. 

Lieutenant. 

First.  HoraceCapron, com.  Jan.  7. '63,  died  of  wds,  Feb.  6. '64. 

Privates. 
Barfoot  William,  e.  Sept.  1.'62,  disd.  for  disab.  '64. 
Eley  Jefferson,  e.  Dec.  12. '62,  disd.  Dec.  12. '63.  disab. 
Soiners  Alfred,  e.  Oct.  13. '63.  disd.  March.  18. '65.  disab. 
Somberger George, e.  Nov.  2.'62.  m.o.  July  31. '65. 
Triplet  WlUlani.  e.  Oct.  12.'62.  disd.  May.'t)3.  disab. 

COMPANY   H. 

Captains. 

Paul  Distler,  com.  Jan.  7, '63,  res.  Oct.  17,'64. 
Henry  H.  Mayo.  com.  Oct.  17. '64,  m.o.  July  17. '65. 

LieutenantH. 

First.  Henry  Heiileke.  com.  Jan.  7.'63.  res.  .\pi  il  22.'64. 

First.  Henrv  H.  Mayo,  cum.  .-Vprll  2'2,'64,  pro. 

Second,  Philip  Smith,  com.  Jan.  7,'b3,  lucoiup.  m.o.  Oct.8,'63. 


404 


PEORIA   COUNTi'   WAR  RECORD 


CommlftMHry   Kvrceant. 

I^ttfll  Cbu.  A.  r.  Sept.  14.'«3.  (tied  at  WublDRton.  N.  C.  March 
1«.'65. 

8«rjcemnt«. 
Krnit  Loulu,  e.  Sept.  18. '62.  private.  ileKrtd.  April  12  '63. 
BrnwD  Wllllxni.  r.  Sept.  16. '82.  drsrld.  March  l(),'6il. 

Corporala. 
Helmel  Paul.  e.  .Sept.  ]5.'6'2.  iii.o.  July  31. '65  as  Hergt. 
Da»ell  t'oiirul.  e.  tiepl.  lg.'6'i.  desrij.  April  1'2.'«3. 
Ilandihu  Henry,  r.  Ucl.  S, '62    captured  July  31, 'b4.  uol  heard 

from  since. 
Roehni  John,  e.  Sept.  18. '62.  died  lu  AndersuDTllle  prison  Jan. 

14. '65   No.  of  (jraTC  12.453. 
Wesleriuaii  Frank  H.  e.  Jan.  5. '63,  lu.o.  June  21. '65.  prisoner  of 

war. 
Smith  Loult  II.  c.  Jau.  5, '63.  ni.o.  July  31, '65.  aa  sergt. 

Tea  Ulster. 

OlorlnK  Jacob,  e.  Sept.  30. '63,  absent  sick  at  m.o.  of  regluieut. 
IflRckfiinlthK. 

Urore  John,  e.  Not.  10. '62.  mo.  Julv  31, '65  as  sentt. 
Terotan  Albert,  e.  Sept.  20.'62.dlsd.  July  7, '65,  disab. 

Saddler. 
UlMeltaom  Perd.e.  Dee.  S.'62,  mo.  July  31, '65. 
Wagoner. 

Hoake  William,  e.  Sept.  14,'62,  m.o.  July  31, '65. 
PrlVHtea. 

Allman  William,  e.  Nov.  29.  '62.  dlid.  March  21,  '64,  dIsab. 

Brauet  John,  e,  .Sept.  16,  '62,  desrtd.  Jan.  14,  *63. 

Balkes  Nicholas,  e.  Sept.  28.  '62,  dlid.  April  11,  '63,  dIsab. 

Brown  (ieorRe.  e.  Oct.  2.  '62,  m.o.  .luly  31,  '65. 

Barnet  Timothy,  e.   Dec.  1,  '62,  captd.  July  31.  "64,  not  he.%rd 

from  since. 
Campbell  Joseph,  e.  Oct.  2'J,  '6'2,  reclaimed  by  65tb  III.  Feb.  11, 

'63. 
Dubois  William,  e.  Dec.  2,  '62.  desrtd.  Jan.  14,  '63. 
Drlsler  Frank,  e.  Dec.  1.  '62.  m.o.  July  31   '65. 
Ebert  OeorRe,  e.  Oct.  5.  '62.  dl»d.  Dec.  9.  '63,  dlsab. 
Kolkers  John  W.  e.  Oct.  2.  '6'2,  m.o.  July  31,  '65. 
Flshbeck  Herman,  e.  Sept.  30,  '62,  m.o.  July  31,  '65. 
Froehllcli  Jacob,  e.  Oct.  1,  '62,  died  at  l^ulsvllle,  Ky.,  March  3. 

•B3. 
Oebhard  William,  e.  Nov.  20.  '6'2.  m.o.  June  2'2.  '65. 
<Jr«l)e  <'oiir;id.  e.  .Sept.  14.  '62.  m.o.  July  31.  '6.'i. 
HauserCaHpar,  e.  Sept.  14,  '62.  m.o.  Auk.  5.  '65.  was  !>rlsr. 
Iluck  Harmon,  o.  Sept.  13.  *62.  died  at  Camp  Nelson,  Ky..  March 

15.  '64. 
Johnston  John,  e.  .Sept.  23.  '6i.  dlsd.  March  21.  '65.  dlsab. 
Klein  I,"UH.  e.  Nov.  12.  '6'2.  illed  at  Qlasiow.  Tenn..  May  20,  "63. 
KIniMe  Francis,  e.  Sept.  1.5.  '62.  desrid.  Alirll  \2.  '63. 
Kowurlz  Frank,  e.  Dec.  1.  '62.  dlsd.  .May  13.  '6.1.  dlsab. 
[..•(lenbre  FelU.e.  Oct.  IB.  '62,  di  irtd.  April  25,  '63. 
Mcl'hernon  Henry  II.  e.  Oct.  .5.  '62.  illsd.  I>ec.  9.  '63,  dlsab. 
Meyer  Leopold,  e  Sept.  20,  '62.  m.o.  July  31,  '65. 
Mavn  Ijjuls.  e.  Oct.  28,  '62,  m.o.  July  1 1.  '65.  prisr  war. 
Naef  John.e.  Sept.  16.  '62.  trans,  to  V.  R.  C.  Oct.  20,  '63. 
Nickel  (Jeorife.  o.  Dec.  15.  '62.  desrtd.  Oct.  22.  '64. 
Ulchter  Iharles.  e.  Sept.  14.  '62.  dlsd.  May  30.  '63.  dlsab. 
Knlblv  lie.,  e   Dec.  15.  '62  diNcl.  Aur.  22.  '63.  disab. 
Scnelderfrlt/.  Henry,  e.  .Sept.  18.  '62,  died  at  Ixjulsvlllo,  Ky.,  Aug. 

20.  '63. 
Spenke  Henry,  e.  Sept.  16,  '62.  m.o.  July  SI,  '65. 
Selfert  Julius,  e.  Sept.  22.  '62.  m.o.  .lulv  31,  '65. 
Tremniel  .lohn.  e  Oct.  5.  '62.  niii.  July  31.  '65. 
Waller  l.'irenz.  e.  .Sept.  9.   62.  mo.  .Inly  31.  '65. 
Welland  Seliastlan.  e.  Nov.  II).  '62,  dis.l.  May  2.  '63,  dlsab. 
Weliihelmer  I'hlllp,  e.  Sept.  16.  '62.  in.o.  July  31.  '85,  as  sergt. 
Waril  Frank,  e.  Sept.  15.  '62.  ilesriii.  Jan.  13.  '63. 
'/elgler  (ioltlelli.  e.  Oct.  1,  '62,  captd.  July  31,  '64,  at  Macon,  Ua. 

not  heard  from  since. 

Korrulta. 

Krhleriek  charlra,  o.  Jan.  14.  '64,  in  <>.  .luly  31,  '85. 


Neff  Martin 
Raver  Chris 
Stabler  Christ 


Dec.  19,  '63.  m.o.  July  81,  '85. 
RayerChrlsllan,  e.  Dec.  9.  '63.  dlsd.  May  18.  '65,  dlsab. 
...4  .   .,„_  p   p,,|,  ,j|,  .^1  |,„|,   April  20,  '65.  dlsab. 


t<>MI'.\NV    <■. 
i.lriiteiiiiiil. 
Racond,  llenrjr  M.  Erans,  com.  Jan,  7.  '6.5,  res.  Oct.  5,  '88. 

CoinnilHai«r7  Herirrant. 
Abell  Heth  C,  a.  Sept.  18.  '62.  pro.  to  rcgt.  com.  aergt. 

I'rlvatra. 
I.ynrh  Thomas,  e.  Oct.  14,  '62,  drowned  In  Ohio  river.  July  KO, 

'83. 
I'renllce  John  D.  e.  Sept.  14.  '82,  m.o.  July  31,  '88. 
Russell  Robert,  e.  Nov.  28.  '82.  m.o.  Juir  31,  '88. 
Webb  Henry,  e.  Nov.  2.V  «'.'.  m.o.  July  A  '65.  prIsr.  war. 

4«IMr.\NV   I). 
Tfl*Rmat<*r. 

Cleutenta  Cliarlcs,  «.  Dei..  1,  02,  luipi.  atti.u.  JilaiUia,  ti3. 


PrlTrtle*. 

Carter  Robert  D.  B.  Kept    1  -  1    -M«rch  25,  "83. 

KlfconCannd.  e.  D<-c.  1.   ■  ■,    12. '63. 

Eversoll  Samuel,  e.  Dec    ;  .d  bv  5litb  IIL  Inf. 

Hansen  Alonio,  e.  Nov.  1.  ..^  Aug.  10.   bS 

Reynolds  Alei.  e.  Dec   15,  '02,  in  conBiiemeul  aluce  June  1,  82, 
for  killing  a  comrade. 

COMPANY    E. 

I'rlratea. 
JobMon  Henry,  e.  Dec  lo.  -e-,'  desrtd.  Feb.  9.  '83. 
KUlT  George,  e.  Dec.  20.  '62.  trans,  lo  co.  I. 
Ranlib  Edward,  e.  Sept.  2't  '62.  trans,  to  co.  G. 

C<>.MI'.\NV   F. 

I'ris-utca. 
Beekman  John  K.  e.  Jan.  4.  '63.  desrtd.  Feb  21. JSS. 
Harrison  Mitchell,  e.  Jan.  8,  63.  m.o.  June  15.  '65,  prlir.  war. 
Potter  John  C.  e.  Oct,  20,  '62,  desrtd.  Aug.  18,  65. 

Krcnilt. 
BelbreU  William  H.  e.  Feb.  2'.'.  '65.  m.o.  Jnly  31.  '65. 
COMr.\NY  «. 
Rfcrulta. 
Freel  Joseph  J.  e.  March  1,  '65.  m.o.  July  SI.  "65. 
Hedgepath  Thomas  I",  e.  Jan.  '65.  m.o.  July  31.  65. 

COMPANY  H. 

Private". 

Blaklle  Reuben,  e.  Feb.  -    ■  ■T".!;     „        .,,..<• 

Heck  llenrv.  e  Jan.  IT.   •  ilsvllle.  Ky..  July  18. -SS. 

Hamilton  Claude  11.  e   r.  -.  'J/o.  1. 

Meyer  Ferdinand,  e.  Jau    -   .  rl.l.  March.   63. 

Scbaefer  Peter,  e.  July  21.  Oi.  ati,r:a.  July,  63. 

Recruit. 

Lamb  John.  e.  March  28.  '65.  trans  to  45tb  Ills.  Inf. 

COMPANY    I. 
Privates. 

Birch  George,  e.  ivt.  18,  'ivj.  il.vrtl.  M'rll  12,  JS. 
HIack  John  J.e.  Oct.  12    ■  '!'■?•&',.,»„,   i   -ti 

Casper  James  K  e  Sep'  {"  ^  ■  ,•*•, J  -."r'-  '•  »• 

M.ibcrry  William,  .•>ept.  J  '    March  46,  63. 

MlllerticorKe  A.  e.  O.I.  I,.   ....      .    :.r  pro   Nor.  I     63. 

o'Sulllvan  John  II   e.  Sepl.  13.  l>2,  m.o.  July  31,   65. 
I'belps  Chester,  e.  Dec.  4. '62.  m...  July  81.  '65.        .„      „      „. 
Steuart   Erastus  W.  e.  Nov.  5.  '62.  lUe.l  at  LouUTllle,  Ky.  Not. 
3,  '64. 

COMi-.\NV   K. 
SerceaiilH. 
First.  Oroshen  Edwanl.  e.  Sept.  14.  '62,  trans,  loco,  A. 
Allen  Albert  C.  r.  Dec.  1.  '6'2.  desrtd.  Jan.  15,  "SS. 

Corporal*. 
Barrow  Jamea,  e.  Sept.  14.  '82.  desrid.  Jan.  10,  •88.  „„„,. 

McKenile  Allen  W.  e.  .Sept.  14.  '62.  m.o.  July  31,  '65,  m  private. 

Teaniatrr. 

Sparroch  Thomas  J.  e.  Dec.  13.  '62.  desrid.  March  28,  '83. 

I*rlvalea. 
Bonnie  I.OUIS.  e.  Sent.  15.  '62.  desri.l.  March  28.  '83. 
Brown  William,  e.  S..v   15.  '62.  desrid.  March  28.  '65. 
Cosgrove  Bernar.l  II.  <•    Nov    I.   62.  reclaimed  by  CO.  M,  2d.  Ilia. 

Light  Artillery  Fei..  3.  ■»5  ^  ._   ,„ 

Olbbler  Kmery  H.  e.  Oct.  16.   B-J.  dlsd.  March  18,   83. 
I».iny  II.  e  Dec.  1,  '62,  m.o.  July  31.  '65. 
Mccarty  Joseph,  e    t>ct.  10.  '62,  died  In  AndersonTllle  prison 

M.Cann  James,  "  Nov.  15  '62.  m.o  July  SI. '65. 
Nelt  .lolin  C.  e.  Nov.  15,  '62.  ni n  Jul>  31.  '85. 
Ulcker  Edward,  e.  Sept    1 1.  'i-.V  .lr<ri.l.  M.->rrh  14,  '63 
Shafer  J.ihn.e.  Dec  J.   •  .  ' '"    '^,1*'^. 

i,in   26   '63. 
,n   12.  Ms. 
.:.  ui.o,  .lnl>  31, '65  as  sergl. 


.sln'cn  Mlchsel,  e.  Dec.  I 

Somers  Alfri..!.  -. . 

Wesiacoti  William  W.  i 


CO.MPANY   L. 
Private*. 

Jackson  James,  e   Nov.  21.  '62.  •Ilr.l  at  Peoria.  III.  Jan,  18.  '83. 
Newmler  Charles,  e    Nov.  28.  '6'.'.  pro  to  chief  bugler. 
Parcellllarrett  II   e.  Jan   H,  '63.  dls.1.  Feb   1    '63,  minor. 
Rogers  David,  e.  Jan.  8,  '83,  ni...  Jnly  31,  '85. 

CO.MPANY    Id. 

Captnlii*. 

Thomas  s   l.upttm,  com.  Jan  7.  '63.  honorably  dlsd.  May  15.  '86. 
William  W.  Rowrlm,  ouiu,  Jan.  7,  63,  promoted. 


PEORIA  COUNTY  WAR  RECORD. 


405 


Lieutenant. 

William  \V.  Cowles.  com.  .lulv  II. '65.  not  mu.stereil,  lu.o,  (as 

sei-Ki.)  July  31, 'tis. 

Sergeants- 
First,  Cowles  William  W.  e.  Sept.  15.  '62.  m.o.  .July  31,  '65,  com. 

as  2d  Lieut,  but  not  niustereri. 
Irvine  Alexander,  e.  .Sept.  15.  '6'J,  m.o.  .July  31,  '62. 
Anderson  James,  e.  Sept.  15.  '62.  m.o.  July  31,  '6*2. 
Futnam  Thomas,  e.  Oct.  5.  "62.  liisd.  Jan.  10,  '64,  disab. 

Corporal  s. 
Fowler  Ch.arles  W.  e.  Oct.  5.  '6'2,  disrt.  July  12.  '64.  disab. 
CleTelauil  John  S.  e.  Oct.  5,  '62,  m.o.  July  31,  '65.  as  private. 

Saddler. 
Reed  John  B.  e.  Sept.  15,  '62.  pro.  saddler  sergt. 
Wagoner. 

Pitcher  James,  e.  Sept.  20,  '63,  abs.  sick  at  m.o.  of  regt. 
Teamster. 

Laughlln  James,  e.  Oct.  5,  '62,  m.o.  Aug.  14,  '65. 
Privates. 

Bonty  Philip,  e.  Oct.  5,  '62,  desrtil.  July  17,  '63. 
Banks  John  D.  e.  Sept.  20.  '63.  transf.  to  65th  111.  Inf.  Jan.  '63. 
Barker  James  W.  e.  Dec.  18.  '63.  disd.  Dec.  6,  '64.  dis.ab. 
Colinderson  Joseph,  e.  Oct.  5,  '62.  ilisd.  Nov.  6.  '64,  disali. 
Cook  George,  e.  Sept.  20.  '63.  died  at  tJiasgow.  July  9.  '63. 
Ceirtt  Samuel,  e.  Sept,  20,  '62.  diei!  Poitsuidulb.  O.  Aug.  17,  '63. 
Connor  Thomas,  e.  Oct.  5,  '62.  died  at  reoria,  Feb.  3,  '63. 
Colender  Peter,  e.  Sept.  15.  '62.  turned  over  to  civil  authority. 
Dunn  Thomas,  e.  Oct.  5,  '62.  m.o.  June  21.  '65.  prisoner  of  war. 
Eglestou  James,  e.  Oct.  5.  '62.  desrtd.  April  13.  '63. 
Koienwider  John  R.  e.  Sept.  20.  '62,  m.o.  July  31.  '65. 
Fernan  James  X.  e.  Sept.  20.  '62.  died  at  Andersoiiville,  Feb.  13, 

■6J;   N".  of  srave  12.628. 
iIui)kiMs  Tliuiiias.  e.  Sept.  30.  '63,  lu.o.  July  31.  '65,  as  sergt. 
Hodgmou  Isaac,  e.  Sept.  20,  '62.  desrtd.  Jan.  8.  '63. 
Hamilton  John,  e.  Dec.  1,  '62.  desrtd.  Jan.  9.  '63. 
Hattock  Clinton,  e.  Jan.  5.  '63.  m.o.  July  3.  '65,  pris.  war. 
McClay  James,  e.  Oct.  5,  '6i.  m.o.  July  31,  '65. 
McKee  Jonathan,  e.  Oct.  5.  '62.  m.o  Jidy  31,  '65.  as  corpl. 
Ogden  Ira  IS.  e.  Oct.  5.  '62.  m.n.  .lulv  HI.  '65. 
O'Shoncey  Henrv.  e.  Oct.  5,  'ti2.  dc-.^ii  td.  Jan.  6.  '63. 
Price  John.  e.  Dec.  10.  '63.  de.^rt.l.  .ipril  20,  '63. 
Russell  Emery,  e.  Sept.  20,  '62,  disd,  Sept.  14.  '64,  corpl.  disal>. 
Reeves  John.  e.  Oct.  5, '68.  desrtd.  April  18,  '63. 
Sullivan  Joint,  e.  Sept.  15,  '62.  desrtd.  Jan.  18,  '63. 
Simmons  Ilobbe,  e.  Jan.  8.  '63,  desrtd.  Feb.  14,  '63. 
Snulev  .laui.'s  M.  e.  Sept.  15.  '63.  m.o.  June  16,  '65,  as  sergt. 
Snirle\  Tlii'lnas  J.  e.  Sept.  20.  '63,  m.o.  July  31.  '65,  as  corpl. 
Seed  .\ndiew  .1.  e.  Sept.  30.  '63.  m.o.  June  31,  '65,  pris.  war. 
Somerset!  Thotuas.  e.  Oct.  5.  "62.  m.o.  July  31,  '65 
Temple  Cliarles  H.  e.  .Sept.  15,  '62,  trans,  to  Co.  K. 
Van  Hess  Henry,  e.  Oct.  5.  '68.  abs.  sick  m.o.  of  regt. 
Walters  William,  e.  Sept.  20.  62.  m.o.  July  31,  '65,  as  corul. 
Walters  Henry,  e.  Sept.  20,  '62.  m.o.  July  31,  '65,  as  corpl. 

Kecruits. 

Miller  James  M.  e.  Feb.  20.  '64.  m.o.  June  18.  '65. 

Smith  David  H.  e.  Feb.  28.  '64,  m.o.  July  31,  '65. 

Smith  Harrison,  e.  Feb.  2.  '64.  died  Kingstoit,  Tean.  June  19,  '64. 

Unassigned  Recruits. 

Bennett  James,  e.  March  23.  '65. 
Casson  James,  e.  March  31.  '65. 
Connors  James  H.  e.  March  23.  '65. 
Carter  Andrew,  e.  March  84.  '65. 
Ford  Michael,  e.  March  88.  '65. 
Hagan  George,  e.  Oct.  11.  '64. 
Haley  Richard,  e.  March  33,  '65. 
Holton  Frederick,  e.  March  9.  '64. 
Kane  Patrick,  e.  .March  23,  '65. 
Purdy  John,  e.  Oct.  11,  '64. 
Pratt  Henrv.  e.  March  23,  '65. 
Reed  Robert,  e.  March  31.  '65. 
Seaver  George,  e.  March  33.  "65. 
Seaver  William,  e.  March  23.  '63. 
Williams  Samuel,  e.  March  23.  '65. 
WUklns  Frank,  e.  March  28.  '65. 


15th  Cavalry. 


COMP.4NY    L. 

Privates. 

Shaffer  Simon,  e.  Feb.  16.  '6'2.  trans,  to  10th  111.  Oav.  asconsol. 
Wilder  MortrevlUe,  e.  Oct.  26,  '61,  m.o.  Jan.  9.  '65. 

Kecruit. 
Oakford  Thomas,  e.  June  1.'61,  trans,  to  Reg.  Band  53d  III.  Inf. 


17t)i  Cavalry. 


COMPANY  A. 
Private. 

Chandlera  Samuel  J.  e.  Nov.  6,  '63,  corpl.  desrtd.  June  21.  '65. 


COMPANY    n. 
Q.  M.  Ser£:eant. 

Frey  William  G.  e.  Oct.  5,  '6.3,  m.o.  Dec.  20,  '65,  as  sergt. 

Commissary  Sergeant. 
P'urchison  Henry  M.  e.  Dec.  15,  '63,  m.o.  Dec.  2G,  '65,  as  private. 

Privates. 
Murphy  Robert,  e.  Oct.  5. '63.  died  at  St.  Charles,  III.  Feb.  23,'64. 
Robblns  Benah,  e.  Nov.  2.3.  '63,  m.o.  Dec.  20.  '65. 
Tindall  Geo.  E.  e.  Oct.  15.  '63.  m.o.  Dec.  20,  '65. 
Walker  John  O.  e.  Dec.  15,  '63,  absent  at  m.o.  of  regt. 

Kecruit. 

Todd  James,  e.  Feb.  1,  '64,  died  at  Benton  Barracks  July  86,  '64. 

COMPANY  E. 

Commissary   Sergeant. 

Henuans  .4.lfredS.  e.  Dec.  11, '63,  pro.  2d  Lieut.  131st  U.  S.C.  I. 
July  19,  '65. 


Battery  A  lUiuois  Light  Artillery. 


HISTOBY. 


:ery  A,  Second  Illinois  Light  Aitillerv  was  organized  at 
111.,  by  Capt.  Peter  Davidson,  anil  was  mustered  into 


Batterj 
Peoria, 
State  Servl(-e,  May  23.  1861. 

Moved  to  Alton.  III.,  in  July.  1861.  Thence  moved  tost. 
Charles.  Mo.,  with  Gen.  Pope,  and  then  to  Mexico,  Mo.  From 
tliis  place  sections  were  sent  to  di  fferent  parts  of  North  Missouri, 
which  were  again  united  at  J etferson  Barracks,  Mo.,  at  which 
place  the  Battery  was  mustered  into  United  States  Service 
August  17,  1861. 

Jloved  to  Jefferson  City  Mo.,  and  October  1st  to  Boonville, 
Mo.,  and  thence  to  Ottirville.  Thence  marclied  in  Kelton's 
Brigade,  Pope's  Division  of  Fremotit's  armv,  to  Springfield 
Mo.,  and  returned  to  Otterville.  January  25.  1862,  in  Col.  Julius 
White's  Brigade,  Brigadier  Gen.  Jeff.  C.  Davis'  Division,  moved 
to  Lebanon  and.  with  Curtis'  army  to  Northwest  Arkansas.  Was 
engaged  in  the  battle  of  Pea  Kldge  .March  7th  and  8th.  where  It 
did  faithful  and  brilliant  service.  A  section  of  the  Battery  at 
Neosiio  and  Fayetteville.  Moved  to  Helena,  Ark.,  with  Gen. 
Curtis'  aiinv. 

Battery  A  was  mustered  out  of  service  at  Camp  Butter.  111., 
July  27,  1865. 

1st  Artillery. 

I5ATTEKY   M. 

Privates. 

Bonson  Thomas,  e.  Jnlv  3,  "62,  m.o.  Julv  84,  '65. 
Hamilton  Richard,  e.  July  3,  '62,  m.o.  J'uly  84,  '65. 


2d  Light  Artillery. 

Major. 

Peter  Davidson,  com.  April  11, '63  hon.  disd.  for  pro.  May  28, '64. 

BATTKKY   A. 

Captains. 

Peter  Davidson,  com.  Jan.  30.  '6'2,  promoted  Major. 

Herman  Borris.  com.  April  11.  '63.  dis.  disd.  March  1,  '65. 

Wm.  W.  CiiuDbell.  com.  July  3,  '65,  not  m.o.,  m.o.  as  1st  Lieut. 
July  37,  '65. 

Lieutenants. 

First,  Herman  Borris.  com.  May  14.  '61.  pro.  Captain 

First,  Wm  J.  Gardner,  com.  May  14,  '61,  disd.  Jan.  14  '62 

First,  .1.  CiMw  in  Hansel,  com.  Jan.  25.  '62.  m.o. 

First.  Flank  It.  Kenton,  com.  April  II,  '63.  m.o.  Mav  13  '65 

First,  Wm.  W.  Campbell,  com.  April  II, '63.  i>ro.  Capt. 

First  Rensalier  W.  Hlnman,  com.  Julj  3,  '65,  not  m.o..  m.o.  »» 
2d  Lieut.  Jan.  27,  '65. 

First.  Walter  Bird,  com.  July  26.  '65.  not  m.o..  m.o.  as  sergeant 
July  27,  '65. 

Second,  Frank  B.  Fenton.  com.  May  14,  '61,  pro.  senior  1st  Lieut 

Second,  Al>raham  li.  Batterson.  com.  Jan.  25.  '63.  died. 

Second.  Rensalier  W.  Hinman,  com.  April  Il,'63,  pro.  senior  1st 
Lieutenant. 

Secsnd.  Walter  Bird,  com.  April  11,  '63,  pro.  junior  jst.  Lieut 

Second.  Samuel  Coburn,  com.  July  26,  '65,  not  m.o.,  m  o  as  ser- 
geant July  27.  '65, 

Second.  Denton  Y.  Keys,  com.  July  36,  '65,  not  m.o     m  o    as 
sergt.  July  27,  '65. 

Company  Q.  M.  Sergeant. 

Batterson  Abram  B.e.  April  19.  '61,  pro.  Junior  2d  Lieut. 

Sergeant  Major. 
TItcomb  Oliver  P.  e.  April  19,  '61,  disd.  for  disability. 

Sergeants. 
Patterson  Wm.  e.  April  19,  '61,  kid,  at  VIcksburg  June  10.  '63. 


406 


PEORIA   COUXTY   WAR   RECORD 


('.■uniil^rlt  Wattnr  W  p.  tprtl  10.  »«1.  rm.  Jnittorlrt  Ueii!. 

1.  .  I     .    .      ,!i„i,i|uj.. 

N!  ;  •«4. 

Wi..-  .    i . ,.-,...     -   .  .   :..t;ul. 

Corporal**. 

liaMwlii  ST.-i.in'n  E.  e.  April  19.  'fil.  r«j-e,  ms  veL 

II  fit  li.  f.  April  -JH.  '61.  Ills.  forillMlillll). 

I  i.  c.  .\prll  J«.  '61.  r»;-e.  u  vt-t. 

!■  •■.  April  24.  '61.  m.o.  Sept.  14.  '64.  u  111.  wrjtl. 

I  W   ^.  April  19.  '61.  111.",  .-ii  pt.  14.  •64.  a»  »i<ntt. 

II  r.  April  9.  '61.  in...  Si-|.l.  14.  'B4. 

II  illcr  w.  e.  .M.iv  14.  'til,  pru.  seiilur  2(1  Llelll. 

K'  V  .-.  April  IS.'lil.  ri-i'.  as  vel. 

Lu<;^>  U  ll.iaui  .M.  e.  M.T)  14.  '64.  Ili.o.  .Sent.  14,  '64.  as  private. 
Rani'li  Will   •■   .Mav  50.  '61.  in  o.  Sepl.  14.^64.  as  seriO. 
Wilkinson  Wni.  K.  r.  April  19.  '61.  in.u.  .Sept.  14.  '61.  as  eo.  g.M. 
serKcant. 

Ituffler. 
Drew  Tliniiias,  v.  May  27.  '61.  m.o.  Sept.  14.  '64.  as  private. 

Artifice  n<. 
Leu  Lslr.  e.  April  19.'61.  m.o.  Sept.  15, '64.  as  private. 
Smith  Jeremiah,  e.  May  2S,'61,  m.o.  .Sept.  14. '64.  as  private. 
.Srhlermninan  KrlU.  e.  .lulv  '32. '61.  m.o.  Sept.  14.*64. 
Slander  .1. .tin.  e.  June  IK. '61.  UUil.  r.irdlsah. 
Krelllllg  Henry,  e.  April  19.'61.  m.o.  Sept.  14.*64,  as  private. 

PrlvKtea. 

Austin  John  W.  e.  April  19. '61.  m.o.  SepL  14.'64  ascorpl. 

ItariiMha  John  W.  e.  .Vprll  19. '61.  re-e.  ai*  a  vet. 

Bauer  lilek.  e.  May  5.^61.  ri--e.  as  a  vet. 

Bu<t..rr  Kreilerlek.  e.  June  19.'61.  <lle<l  at  Jefferson  Barracks 

Allff.  l,'i,'61. 
Butler  James,  e.  June  1.'61.  re-e.  as  a  vet. 
Carniy  Supheii  W.  e.  Maj  1.'61.  iIImI.  for  dlsah. 
Cha>e  InL  e.  April  19. '61.  re-e.  as  a  vet. 
Crantlall  wlllluiii.  e.  May  17. '61,  re-e.  as  a  vet. 
Carman  Janie.s  K.  e.  .lulv  10. '61.  re-e.  a.s  a  vet. 
Deiup-Hey  William,  e.  April  19, '61.  m.o.  Sept.  14, '64. 
Ulinon.l  Jame...  e.  May  ]7.*61.  iJlstl.  for  dl^ab. 
hold  Stephen,  e.  July  g.'til.  re-e.  as  a  vet. 
Karrer  .loaclilen.  e.  .\prll  19. '61.  re-e.  lis  a  vet. 
Frost  Kni.s.  e.  .\l.rll  19. '61.  in. o.  Sr-pt.  14.  '64. 
(jt.^art  Ja.-oh.  e.  .Slav  17, '61.  re-e.  as  a  vet. 
lIosK  Kduln.  e.  July  10. '61,  In.o.  Sepl.  14.°64. 
Jolil|.«on  Samuel  M.  e.  .May  24.'61.  Ill.o.  .Sept.  14. '64. 
Haufnian  .Mat tin  S.  e.  Al.rll  19.*61.  m.o.  Sept.  14, '64 as  corpl. 
Lair  William,  e.  Ajirll  19, '61,  le-.'.  as  a  vet. 
I-alr  .N.iali.  e.  April  19,'61.  in  ...  Sent.  14. '64. 
LanlKaii  l-ran.-fs  M.  e.  Ajirll  19. '6l.  m.o.  .Sept.  14, '64. 
Lujitoii  t'ha\  ...  .lune  18,  61,  re-e, as  a  vet. 
Mann  Martin   e.  .Vprll  19. '61,  r.--e.  as  a  vet. 
Mauplti  Kohert  II.  e.  April  19, '61,  re-r.  asa  vet. 
Mev.r  IMilllp.  e.  April  l!l,'61.  died  at  St.  t'liarles.  Mo.  AuR.  l.'6l, 
Moir..w  William,  e.  Ar»rll  I9.'t;i.  lii.o.  Sept.  14. '64. 
M.'Vl.  Kar  HuKh.  e.  .May  27, '61.  in...  .Sept.  14. '64. 
Paul  .\iidiTi,-ui,  e.  .\prll  19. "61.  re-e.  asa  vet, 
Flolier  Ferdinand,  e.  .Mav  24. '61.  re-e.  as  a  vet. 
Kyan  l.aureni-i'.  e.  A|irll  l9.'61,  m.o.  .Sept.  14, '64. 
Kyaii  Samuel,  e.  April  19. '61.  re-e.  as  a  vet. 
Ilyaii  rarklnson.  e.  April  19. '61.  re-e.  as  a  vet, 
.Shletnan  John.  e.  April    19. '61,  died  at  GeurKCtown,   Mo.  Sept. 

29. '6!. 
Sbafer  Soloiuiin.  e.  April  .10. '61.  m.i.  .Sept.  14. '64. 
Smith  .M'.rrls.  e.  .Vprll  23.64.  re-e.  as  a  vet. 
KIek  J.ihn.  I'.  June  14. '64,  m,o.  Sepl.  14.'e4. 
Sti.w.  II  M.  iir\.  e.  July  M,'64.  m.o.  Sept.  14. '64  as  corpl. 
«  ,                   1  .rial.  e.  Alirll  19, '64,  re-*-,  lis  a  vet, 
I'.  ■  .  Julv  1,'64,  illMl.  r.ir  .ll»:il.. 

\'-  ,1.  e.  May  22, '61,  ni,o.  Sept.  14. '64. 

U  „,,.  . .  ,- tiiili,  «•.  June  22. '64.  re-e,  as  ii  v.-t, 

VKTKKAN8. 

NerKeant. 

Coburn  Hamuel,  e.  Fell,  1,*64.  iii.o.  July  27.*6IS  a.*  Ut  serfrt.  com. 
as  Sd  Lieut,  iiut  not  niitsli'red. 

Curpoml. 

Keys  Itenloii  Y.  e.  Jan.  1,'64.  m.o  Jul>  27, '65  aa  Co.  g.  M.  Seriit. 

lluBler. 
(barman  Jaraea  F.  e.  Feb.  I, '64,  m.o.  July  27, '6S  as  corpl. 

PrUaUia. 

Aldrlrti  lloraie  M.  r.  Feb.  I,'e4,  m.o.  July  27. '68. 

]'.  ^' '  h.-ii  K.  e.  Jan.  1.'64,  m,o.  Jiilv  27.'65a*  seryl, 

r  w.  e.  Jnn.  l.'6t.  m.o.  Julv  ';!7,'6&, 

I  Jan.  1.'114,  ni  o  Jul)  27.'6!i. 

l: e  .l»n.  1  ,'64.  m...  July  27.'6S. 

I  hA>,'  lin  11  e   Jan.  1.'64.  lu  ...  July  27. 'US. 

Craii.lall  Wllllain.  e.  Jan    1.'64.  m.o.  Jul)   27.'HII. 

11.. 11  S'.  |.ti..ii,  r.  Jan.  1,'64.  dis.l.  f.T  .|l%,.t. 

I  .  1-11,  e,  Jnn.  1.'64,  111  '  '..',. 

« .  ...  Jan.  1.'65.  111... 

I  .    Jan  l.'ni.  mo  .1  er(t. 

1-..    ,'. Jan.  1. '64.  in  u   J.,.,   ....... 

.Maupiii  K..lM-rt  II.  e.  Jan.  1. '64.  m.o.  July  27. '6&  aarorpl. 
Maine  Martin,  e.  Jan.    I,'n4.  ille<l  at  llraabear  City.   Uk    April 
S,  'BJ. 


Mtlle!  .fivK-ph.  e.  .tsn   1 . 'fil   m  o.  Jolv  9T."«^ 


U  e.  J.....  1.  64.  lii.u.  J 
.e.  e.  Jan.  1,  '64,  ni.o.  Ji. 
.ini  11,  e.  Jan.  1,  '64.  in.. 


1'  «ntt. 


.lui  II,  r.  ,>aii.   1,    w^.  lu... 

Mill  \  .Ku  I  r,tiik.  e.  Jan.  1, '64.  m.o.  Jui.>  ■.-,.  i,., 
Wardsworth  llerlati.  e.  Jan.  1.  %i.  m.o.  July  27.  '65. 
WaliKirt  .Selia«llan.  e.  July  1.  '64.  m.o.  July  27.  "es. 


Kerrolts. 

Ashkury  Samuel,  e.  Marrh  14.  '64.  m.o  July  27.  'ti. 

Ayres  »faurlce.  e.  Sepl   -.M  T,:    li.-.I  :>■,  Ilel.  i.a.  Ark.  Feb.  IJ,  'e*. 

Aldrick  John  F.  e   .  vet. 

Haker  Philip,  e.  i'  '..  as  bu(ler. 

Bauer  Henry,  e.  <i 

Boydsleii  Newton  1.  ■      •  ■■.     ,     ..  ,   ... 27. '65. 

Itetinetl  Samuel,  e.  .March  14.    64    -no.  .>ul.i  27.  '65. 

Beern  Wllllain  W.  e.  Mareli  31.  '64,  m.o.  July  27.  '65. 

Boliler  William,  e    Mareh  22.  '64.  m.o.  Julv  27.  '65. 

li»<  heh.r  .Seal.  e.  l)<t.  24.  '63.  m.o.  July  27.  '65. 

Iteekel  John  M.  e.  Oit.  11.  '64.  In....  Julv  27.  "65. 

Best  William,  e.  Set.!   «   '«1.  ni  o.  .Sept.  14.  '64. 

llltiier  William.  .    ^      ■  '   '    lu.o.  .Sept.  14, '64. 

HurRe.ss  Henr\.  .■   ' 

CamplM'lU'harli  -  .' 1. '64.  lu.o.  July  37, '65,  aa  eorpl. 

Cull  Wllllain  II.  .  1.  m.o.  July  87,  '65. 

Charles  Heller,  e  ...  July  27.  '65. 

Currier  Arthur  T  64.  m.o.  July  S7.  "65. 

CoiiKer  4lleu.  e.  |.  i.  July  27. '65. 

Cha.se  l-Ul^*ard.  .-.  sij-i  ■.•-',   '.i.  .Ilsd.  fordlsab. 

Cuhurn  W  llUain.  e.  Nov,  30.  '63.  trans. 

nirketison  liiimtli  A.  e.  .v.. v.  10,  '6'2.  m.o.  July  27.   '65,  atcurpl. 

Ilrummunil  John  F.  e,  Jan.  4.  '64.  m.o.  July  27.  "65. 

Kills  Benjamin,  «.  Jan.  18.  '64.  in....  July  27.  "65. 

Kayd  Allien  F.  e.  Nov.  21.  '62.  in. o.  Julv  27.  '65. 

Klllott  Jacob,  e.  O.I   •.").  'r~.  in  n.  Julv  27.  '65. 

Easlnian  Charles.  .  ..1.  illsd.  for  dlsab. 

FllJKeralil  John.  ■  ni  .i.  Auc  12.  '65. 

FordllurtiiiiS.il  64.  ill...  Julv  27. '65. 

Ford  lleiir).  e.  M...  ,.  .  ,.     ...  ,,.....  Julv  27.  '65. 

Fowler  Henr\,  e.  s.-j.l    e,  ol,  lo.o.  Sepl.  14.  '64. 

Urotevatit  Kotiert.  e.  Sept.  26.  '64.  m....  June  21.  *65. 

Howell  Israel,  e.  .March  21.    i.  >,  in  ...  luly  27.  '65.  as  rorpl. 

Haw  kln.s  William  K.  e   I.  .  ...  Julv  27,  "65. 

Hurland  Wllllain  It.  e.   \  ..June  21. '65. 

Hull  John  II.  e  Sepl   21  ■■21. '65. 

II. lus.-r  Christian.  '    ..  •    ■    ..sih. 

JacKUnl  Thomas,  .  :    '65. 

.loliilson  John  1.  '  .    *65. 

Keller  Allen,  e.  M  .  :     65. 

Kissel  Emanuel    e.  s.  l  l.  Jt..    i.J.  in....  .I  une  21.  '65. 

Lulr.  Fhlllp.  e.  March  8.  '64.  in  ..  Julv  27.  '65. 

I.lvlnKSt.ilie  Wlllliiin    .-    s,-i.i    .J    -tsl.  in  .,   <,-T.f.  14    '64. 

Morrow  Calvin,  ■       '  .         .v-    .-  . 

Na\  l.u  Flavl.ins.  < 

<lrr  William  II.  . 

I'arker  Lewis  ii,  .■    I  '         _ .. 

Fowell  liavlil  K.  Xu^.  iiu,   o2.  m.o.  June  21.  'u^i. 

K.iMiison  Marvin  N.  e.  Jan.  4.  '64.  m.o.  Julv  27.  '65, 

Russell  liavlil.  e.  M.ir.li  n,  'f.  1   m.o.  July  2^  '65, 

ItockwelU'alvln, i.4.  in  o  July  27.  "65. 

Sloan  Charles  I',  .                        ■.  I.  m.o.  J.ilv  27. '65. 
Scott  The.i.lt.re  .1    .                          '64.  in. o.  , lulv  27, '65. 
•- 1 .M.i...      ,.    .Inlv  27,  '6.1. 

nlnnk.  .  .  In.     In.   1.4,  111...  Jul^  27.  "65. 

in.  e.  Iiec.  16.  '64.  in  ...  .lulv  27.  '65. 
-   ■  nil  K.  e.  Ann.  22. '62.  m.o.  June  21.  '65. 

Shilv.  r  1 1,1  V 111  J,  c.  Ocl.  2S   '61.  Ill  .I.Oct.  27.  '61. 
Stocklier  IIUKli.  e.  March  31.  '64.  m.o.  June  16.  '65. 
Slulth  Allien  II    e.  Fell    10.  '64.  ille.l   at    llraoliear  Clly.  Ijl.  Feb 

20.  '6.^ 
Spurs  W  llllaiu  II.  e.  Sepl.  22.  '61,  re-e.  as  vel- 
Trlelb.ir  John  II   e.  Maich24.  '64.  m.o.  Julv  27,  '6i. 

VIckeii   It.s'.r..     1 21,  'nl    in..   .liih-.'T.'llS 

Veil'.-. 

Will 

Will  ,   , 

Whin   i.  .1,1.-.,.  .      .....     n  ....    ....  .,    ^..    I,., 

Wilkinson  John.  e.  AU|{.  25.  '62. 

Wilder  Charles  H.  e.  Sepl.  24.  '64.  lU-o.  June  tl.  "65- 

II  ATT  Kit  Y   V. 

I'rlvnto. 
Turner  Cliarles  11.  e.  \un.  29.  '62,  re-e.  as  a  vrt. 

HATTKIIY    l>. 

Kvcriill. 

Ulghlleld  Wllfreil  11   r  Jnn   4,  '64.  trans  to  ballert  B. 

ii\iii:iiv    I. 

l.lrtlteliMlils. 
First,  llenrv  II.  Plant,  com.  Dec.  .11.  '61.  pro  sen.  Isl  Lieut. 
First,  lli'iiry  ll   I'lant,  com    April  7,  '62,  reslKunl  May  tt.  '64 
S*»coiid,  Charles  Mclionatd,  com.  .Maicli  1.  "63.  inn  June  14.  '62 

Frlralps. 

Cunnlngbaw  Bo^ra,  a.  Nov,  85,  '61. 


PEOKIA   (^OUNTY  WAR  RECnKT). 


407 


Jones  Isaac  W.  o.  Nov.  25.  '61.  rtlsd.  Sept.  10.  '64.  (ilsah. 
McDonaltl  Charles,  e.  Nov.  25.  '61,  re-e.  as  a  veteran. 

Recruitfi. 

Lester  Robert  N.  e.  Oct.  23.  '62. 

Morm  Simon  D.  e.  Dec.  25.  '63.  in.o.  July  14,  '65. 

Petty  George  A.  e.  Jan.  5.  '64.  m.o.  July  14,  '65. 

Shln'pe  Orrln  S.  e.  Jan.  5,  '64,  absent  sick  at  ni.o.  of  battery. 

Weld  Samuel  C.  e.  Dec.  21.  '63.  m.o.  July  14.  '65  as  corpl. 

UnasMigned  KecruitM. 

Attklnson  Willlalu  H.  e.  Jan.  18.  '64.  died  at  Camp  Butler,  III. 

Jan.  27.  *64. 
Pitcher  Kobert,  e.  .Sept.  26,  '64.  m.o.  May  29,  '65. 
Summers  James,  e.  March  24,  *64. 


13th  U.   S,   Colored  Artillery. 


Johnson  Charles,  e.  April  1.  '65. 
Lee  John,  e.  April  10,  '65- 
Wade  Hampton,  e.  April  1,  '65. 


lOOth  U.  S.   Colored  Inlautrj. 


Bridges  Jesse,  e.  Feb.  14,  '65. 
Barr  John,  e.  Feb.  28.  '6,5. 
Cole  Enoch,  c.  Feb.  28,  '65. 
Carter  .silus.  e.  March  30,  '65. 
Dcikc  M.inroe,  e.  Feb.  2S,  '65. 
Grav  Samuel  B,  e.  Feb.  28,  '65. 
Hicks  John.  e.  Feb.  28,  '65, 
Hlllman  William,  e.  Feb.  13,  '65. 
Jefferson  James,  e.  Feb.  20.  '65. 
Jones  Waile.  e.  Feb.  28,  '65, 
Mitchell  William,  e.  Feb.  28,  '65. 
Porter  Jolni.  e.  .March  30.  '65. 
Re.l  William,  e.  March  30,  '65. 
Smith  I^aac,  e.  Feb.  28,  '65. 
Smith  Wa^liingcon  e.  Feb.  28,  '65. 
Smith  Lewis,  e.  Feb.  28,  '65. 
Smith  John.  e.  Feb.  28,  '65. 
Stewart  .liihn.  e.  Feb.  28.  '65. 
Smith  Alfred,  e.  Feb.  28,  '65, 
Warren  William,  e.  Feb.  28.  '65. 
Washington  George,  e.  Feb.  13.  '65. 


MISCELLANEOUS  ORGANIZATIONS 

7th  Teunes.see  Cavalry. 

Arms  John  M.  e.  Oct.  30.  '64. 
Butter  John  T,  e.  Oct.  20,  '64. 


Ciinninghani  F.lijah,  e.  Aitri!  10.  *65- 

Divev  Robert  H.  e,  Dec.  '64. 

Edwards  William,  e.  Nov.  8,  '64. 

Hamilton  W.  M.  .(.  M.  c.  April  11,  '65. 

Hamilton  Samuel,  e.  April  11.  '65. 

Hays  James  K.  e.  Marcli  1.  '64. 

Jenkins  Kelly  If.  e.  Jan.  26.  '64. 

King  Alfred,  e.  Oct.  26.  Ti4. 

King  William  P.  e.  March  13.  '65. 

Miller  Joseph  t\  e.  March  13.  '65. 

McAllister  William  T.  e.  March  13.  '65, 

McFarlane  John,  e,  Jan.  24, '64,  commissary  aergt. 

Purdon  Benjamin,  e.  April  11.  '65. 

Perden  John.  e.  Oct.  20.  '64. 

Perden  Erwin  T.  e.  Oct.  30.  '64. 

Ray  William,  e.  Nov.  24.  '64. 

Robinson  James,  e.  .March  1,  '65. 

.Scarlett  ShaUrick  M.  e.  March  3,  '65. 

Thomas  John  W,  e.  Dec.  14.  '64. 

Tucker  Geo.  W.  e.  Oct.  20,  '64, 

Vickers  Francis  M.  e.  Oct.  20.  "64. 

Waugh  James  W.  e.  Oct.  20,  '64. 


1st  Army  Corps. 

EJJI,ISTKr>  JIKN  OF  COMPANY   No.   1. 

Assigned  to  Company  A,  2d  Regt.  U.  S.  Veteran  Volunteers. 
Privates. 
Auten  John  W.  e.  Feb.  10.  '65.  m.o.  Feb.  14,  '66. 
Ureenleaf  Geo.  D.  e.  Feb.  6,  '65,  m.o.  Fell.  21,  '66. 
Schaller  Charles,  e.  Feb.  4.  '65.  m.o.  Feb.  21.  '66. 
Shoemaker  Edward,  e.  Feb.  4.  '65. 

KNUSTED  MEN  OF  COMPANY  No.  6. 

Privates. 

Lair  Noah.  e.  March  13,  '65. 

McMulien  James  E.  e.  March  13,  '65,  corpl.  m.o.  March  2.  '66. 

of  CO.  G.  4th  TJ.  S.  V.  V. 
Upshaw  George,  e.  March  13,  '65. 


13th  U.  S.  Infantry. 


Recruits. 

Barber  James  C.  e.  June,  '65. 
Beasmore  Robert  G.  e.  June,  '65. 
Blnk  John  H.  e.  June.  '65. 
Dunbar  Robert  F.  e.  June,  "65. 
Gunsolus  James  H.  e.  .June,  '65. 
Satter  Joseph,  e,  June,  '65. 


"THE    VOLUNTEER    SOLDIERS." 

The  war  ended  and  peace  restored,  the  Union  preserved  in  its  integritj',  the  sons  of 
Peoria  who  had  volunteered  their  lives  in  defense  of  their  Government,  who  were  spai-ed 
to  see  the  army  of  the  Union  victorious,  returned  to  their  homes  to  receive  grand  ova- 
tions and  tributes  of  honor  from  friends  and  neighbors  who  had  eagerly  and  jealously 
followed  them  wherever  the  fortunes  of  war  called.  Exclianging  their  soldiers'  uniforms 
for  citizens'  dress,  most  of  them  fell  back  to  their  old  avocations  —  on  the  farm,  in  the 
mines,  at  the  forge,  the  bench,  in  the  shop,  and  at  whatever  else  their  hands  found  to  do. 
Some  of  them  were  called  to  higher  honors,  and  their  names  have  become  as  familiar  to 
the  people  and  governments  of  the  Old  World  as  their  noble  deeds  in  the  hour  of  their 
country's  peril  are  dear  to  the  hearts  of  the  people  whom  they  so  faitlifully  served. 
Brave  men  are  honorable  always,  and  no  class  of  citizens  are  entitled  to  greater  respect 
than  the  volunteer  soldiery  of  Peoria  county',  not  alone  because  they  were  soldiers,  but 
because  in  their  associations  with  their  fellow-men  their  walk  is  upright,  and  their  hon- 
esty and  character  without  reproach. 

Their  country  first,  their  glory  and  their  pride; 
Land  of  their  hopes  —  land  where  their  fathers  died  ; 
When  in  the  right,  they'll  keep  their  honor  bright  ; 
When  in  the  wrong,  they'll  die  to  set  it   right. 


408  HISTORY   OF   PEORIA   COUNTY. 

No  grauder  tribute  can  be  offered  to  tlie  soldiers  of  the  Union  in  the  War  of  the 
Rebellion,  dead  and  living,  than  expressed  by  Colonel  Robert  G.  Ingersoll  at  the  banquet 
of  the  Societ}'  of  the  Army  of  the  Tennessee  on  the  occasion  of  tlie  thirteenth  annual 
meeting  of  the  Society  at  Chicago  on  the  13th  of  November,  187!^.  In  the  regular  or- 
der of  toasts,  the  President  of  the  Society,  General  Sherman,  announced : 

The  volunteer  soldiers  of  the  Union  army,  whose  valor  and  patriotism  saved  the  world  a  government  of  the 
people,  by  the  people,  and  for  the  people.     Response  by  Colonel  Robert  G.  Ingersoll. 

In  response  Colonel  Ingersoll  said  : 

When  the  savagery  of  the  lash,  the  barbarism  of  the  clan,  and  the  insanity  of  secession  confronted  the  civiliza- 
tion of  our  century,  the  question,  "  Will  the  great  Republic  defend  itself? "  trembled  on  the  lips  of  every  lover  of 
mankind. 

The  North  filled  with  intelligence  and  wealth,  children  of  liberty,  marshaled  her  hosts  and  asked  only  for  a 
leader.  From  civil  life  a  man,  silent,  thoughtful,  poised  and  calm,  stepped  forth,  and  with  lips  of  victory  voiced  the 
nation's  first  and  last  demand:  "Unconditional  and  immediate  surrender."  From  that  moment  the  end  was 
known.  That  utterance  was  the  first  real  declaration  of  war,  and,  in  accordance  with  the  dramatic  unities  of  mighty 
events,  the  great  soldier  who  made  it,  received  the  final  reward  of  the  rebellion. 

The  soldiers  of  the  Republic  were  not  seekers  after  vulgar  glory.  They  were  not  animated  by  the  hope  of 
plunder  or  the  love  of  conquest.  They  fought  to  preserve  the  blessings  of  liberty  and  that  their  children  might  have 
peace.  They  were  the  defenders  of  humanity,  the  destroyers  of  prejudice,  the  breaker  of  chains,  and  in  the  name  of 
the  future  they  slew  the  monsters  of  their  time.  They  finished  what  the  soldiers  of  the  Revolution  commenced.  They 
relighted  the  torch  that  fell  from  their  august  hands  and  filled  the  world  again  with  light.  They  blotted  from  the 
statute-books  laws  that  had  been  passed  by  hypocrites  at  the  instigation  of  robbers,  and  tore  with  indignant  hands 
from  the  Constitution  that  infamous  clause  that  made  men  the  catchers  of  their  fellow-men. 

They  made  it  possible  for  judges  to  be  just,  for  statesmen  to  be  human,  and  for  politicians  to  be  honest. 

They  broke  the  shackles  from  the  limbs  of  slaves,  from  the  souls  of  masters,  and  from  the  Northern  brain.  They 
kept  our  country  on  the  map  of  the  world,  and  our  flag  in  heaven. 

They  rolled  the  stone  from  the  sepulcher  of  progress,  and  found  there  two  angels  clad  in  the  shining  garments 
— Nationality  and  Liberty.  The  soldiers  were  the  saviors  of  the  nation  ;  they  were  the  liberators  of  men.  In  writ- 
ing the  proclamation  of  independence,  Lincoln,  greatest  of  our  mighty  dead,  whose  memory  is  as  gentle  as  the  sum- 
mer air  when  reapers  sing  amid  the  gathered  sheaves,  copied  with  the  pen  what  Grant  and  his  brave  comrades  wrote 
with  swords. 

Grander  than  the  Greek,  nobler  than  the  Roman,  the  soldiers  of  the  Republic,  with  patriotism  as  stainless  as 
the  air,  battled  for  the  rights  of  others,  for  the  nobility  of  labor,  fought  that  mothers  might  own  their  babes,  that  ar- 
rogant idleness  should  not  scar  the  back  of  patient  toil,  and  that  our  country  should  not  be  a  many-headed  monster 
made  of  warring  States,  but  a  nation,  sovereign,  great,  and  free. 

Blood  was  water,  money  was  leaves,  and  life  was  common  air  until  one  flag  floated  over  a  Republic  without  > 
master  and  without  a  slave.  Then  was  asked  a  question  :  "Will  a  free  people  tax  themselves  to  pay  the  nation's 
debt?" 

The  soldiers  went  home  to  their  waiting  wives,  to  their  glad  children,  and  to  the  girls  they  loved,  they  went  back 
to  the  fields,  the  shops,  and  mines.  They  had  not  been  (Temoralizcd.  They  had  been  ennobled.  They  were  as  honest 
in  peace  as  they  had  been  brave  in  war.  Mocking  at  poverty,  laughing  at  reverses,  they  made  a  friend  of  toil.  They 
said  :      "  We  saved  the  nation's  life,  and  what  is  life  without  honor?  " 

They  worked  and  wrought  with  all  of  labor's  sons  that  every  pledge  the  nation  gave  should  be  redeemed.  And 
their  great  leader,  having  put  a  shining  band  of  fricnd.ship,  a  girdle  of  clasped  and  happy  hands,  around  the  globe, 
comes  home  and  finds  that  every  promise  made  in  war  has  now  the  ring  and  gleam  of  gold. 

There  is  another  question  still :  "  Will  all  the  wounds  of  the  war  be  healed  ?  "  I  answer,  yes.  The  Southern 
people  must  submit,  not  tu  the  dictation  of  the  North,  but  to  the  nation's  will  and  to  the  verdict  of  mankind.  They 
were  wrong,  and  the  time  will  come  when  they  will  say  that  they  arc  victors  who   have  been  vanquished  by  the  right. 

Freedom  conquered  them,  and  freedom  will  cultivate  their  fields,  educate  their  children,  weave  for  them  the  robes 
of  wealth,  execute  their  laws,  and  fill  their  land  with  happy  homes. 

The  soldiers  of  the  Union  saved  the  South  as  well  as  the  North.  They  made  us  a  nation.  Their  victory  made 
us  free  and  rendered  tyranny  in  every  other  land  as  insecure  as  snow  upon  a  volcano's  lips. 

And  now  let  us  drink  to  the  volunteers,  to  those  who  sleep  in  unknown,  sunken  graves,  whose  naroqp  are  only  in 
the  hearts  of  those  they  loved  an<l   left  — of  those  who  often  hear  in  happy  dreams  the  footstep  of  return. 

Let  us  drink  to  those  who  died  where  lipless  famine  mocked  at  want,  to  all  the  maimed  wtiiise  scars  give  modesty 
a  tongue,  to  all  who  dared,  and  gave  to  chance  the  care  and  keeping  of  their  lives,  to  all  the  living  and  to  all  the 
dead,  to  Sherman,  to  .Sheridan,  and  to  Grant,  the  foremost  soldier  of  the  world,  and  last,  to  Lincoln,  whose  loving 
life,  like  a  bow  of  peace,  spans  and  arches  all  the  clouds  of  war. 

Pretty  .won  after  tlie  close  of  the  War  of  the  Rebellion  in  the  Spring  of  1805,  the 
people  began  talking  about  the  erection  of  a  monument  to  the  memory  of  the  soldiers  from 
Peoria  county  who  iiad  fallen  in  defense  of  their  country.  No  definite  aetinn  wivs  taken, 
however,  until  Thursday,  September  14,  IHtJo,  when,  the  Hoard  of  Supervisors  being   in 


HISTORY   OF  PEORIA   COUNTY.  409 

session,  Dr.  John  Emery,  the  vSupervisor  from  Trivoli,  offered  the  following,  and  moved 
for  its  adoption : 

Whereas,  Many  of  the  soldiers  of  this  county  have  died  in  defense  of  their  country,  and  lie  buried  in  distant 
places  with  nothing  to  mark  the  place  of  their  burial,  therefore, 

Kisolved,  That  an  appropriation  of dollars  be  made  for   the   erection   of  a   suitable  monument,    to  be 

erected  in  the  Court-house  yard,  upon  which  shall  be  inscribed  the  names  of  all  the  soldiers  who  have  died  from  this 
county,  with  their  company  and  regiment. 

Tlie  resolution  was  referred  to  a  committee  appointed  by  tlie  chairman  of  the  Board, 
composed  of  Messrs.  Dr.  Emery.  Watson  and  Day,  with  instructions  to  procure  plans, 
specifications  and  estimates,  and  report  at  the  next  meeting  of  the  Board. 

At  the  April  meeting  of  the  Board  (1866),  the  committee  reported  that  they  had 
received  several  plans,  specifications  and  bids,  all  of  them  at  a  cost  of  five  thousand 
dollars.     The  contract  was  finally  awarded  to  Mr.  Robert  Campbell,  of  Peoria. 

The  corner  stone  laying  was  attended  with  much  pomp  and  ceremony.  The  monu- 
ment was  fully  completed  aud  submitted  to  be  dedicated  on  the  11th  day  of  October, 
1866. 

DEDICATION   CEREMONIES. 

The  largest  assembly  ever  seen  in  Peoria  was  on  the  occasion  of  the  dedication  of 
the  Soldiers'  Monument,  Thursday,  October  11,  1866.  it  being  estimated  that  fully  thirty 
thousand  people  were  present.  The  streets  were  filled,  and  the  city  was  wild  with  ex- 
citement. Old  men  who  liad  stood  side  by  side  with  Owen  Lovejoy  when  he  was  waging 
a  war  against  slavery  and  for  the  rights  of  man,  and  for  which  his  life  was  sacrificed  ; 
men  who,  because  of  their  devotion  to  freedom  and  the  inalienable  right  of  their  fellow- 
men  to  enjoy  the  fruits  of  their  own  labor  and  the  protection  of  their  own  homes,  had 
been  politically  ostracised  and  covered  with  odium,  greeted  and  rejoiced  witli  each  other; 
young  men  who  had  stood  in  the  front  of  battle  and  aided  in  the  suppression  of  the  re- 
bellion, met  again,  talked  over  their  old  campaigns,  and  crowded  around  their  gallant 
leader.  General  Logan.  All  were  present  to  participate  in  the  dedication  of  amouument 
that  would  commemorate  for  all  time  the  names  of  the  heroic  dead  —  of  the  men  who 
gave  their  lives  in  defense  of  the  Union  and  of  human  rights.  They  were  all  freemen, 
standing  up  for  justice  and  for  right,  needing  no  leader  but  their  God,  no  guide  but  their 
conscience. 

The  ilay  was  as  fair  as  an  October  day  could  be.  A  soft  haze  overhung  the  sky 
and  the  atmosphere  was  in  that  condition  when  the  slightest  sound  is  readily  and  easily 
transmitted,  so  that  the  voices  of  the  speakers  were  easily  heard. 

Early  in  the  forenoon  the  streets  began  to  fill  up,  and  it  was  not  long  until  the 
Peoria  House  was  surrounded  with  a  tumultuous  tlirong  hurrahing  for  Generals  Butler 
and  Logan.  "Old  Al)e,"  the  veteran  war  eagle  of  the  Eighth  Wisconsin,  iirought  down 
by  Captain  A .  R.  McDonald,  State  Armorer  of  that  State,  and  Major  Angle  G.  Weissert, 
of  the  Eighth  Wisconsin  volunteers,  was  brought  to  the  balcony,  which  was  a  signal  for 
renewed  huzzas.  In  the  vast  assemblage  there  were  many  men  who  had  "  been  through 
the  war"  with  that  king  of  birds,  and  the  sight  of  their  old  "pet"  recalled  many  scenes 
of  camp  aud  field  and  weary  march. 

About  ten  o'clock  a  procession  was  formed  in  the  following  order : 

Four  Marshals  of  the  Day,  Riding  Abreast. 

Spencer's  Band. 

Two  Companies  of  Soldiers,  walking  by  Company  Front. 

Carriage  with  "  Old  Abe,"  the  War  Eagle. 

Nine  Companies  of  Infantry,  Company  P'ront,  with 

Regimental  Colors. 

Cavalry  Company,  one  hundred  strong,  by  Fours. 

Carriage  with  Orators  of  the  Day. 

27 


410 


HTSTOin'    OF   PEORIA   COrXTY 


Peoria  Medical  Society. 

German  Tumverein. 

Gillig's  Band. 

I.  O.  O.  F. 

Sons  of  Temperance. 

Fire  Department. 

Citizens  in  Carriages. 

Citizens  on   Foot. 

The  procession  marched  and  countermarched  along  Adams  street ;  thence  along 
some  of  the  other  principal  streets,  and  then  dehouched  into  the  public  square,  wiiere 
the  dedication  exercises  were  to  be  observed.     The  Transcript  of  the  12th  said: 

"  The  square  was  crowded  full.  Directly  in  front  of  the  speaker's  stand  the  throng  was  so  great  that  individuals 
could  neither  get  in  nor  out.  The  speaker's  stand  was  crowded  to  excess,  and  numbers  crowded  on  the  outside  where- 
cver  they  could  get  a  loothold.  Others  climbed  the  trees  and  swarmed  in  their  branches,  wherever  the  branches 
were  long  enough  and  large  enough  to  support  them.  »  *  *  •  yht  monument  had  been  appropriately 
draped  with  wreaths  and  decked  with  flowers.  An  evergreen  wreath  wound  up  the  shaft,  and  over  the  eagle  was  a 
cross  of  flowers.  The  efl^ect  was  exceedingly  beautiful.  The  unsightly  picket  fence  around  it  had  been  removed, 
and  in  its  place  were  » reaths  of  evergreens  and  flowers.  The  throng,  crowded  as  they  were,  respected  the  sacred 
enclosure,  and  not  a  flower  or  a  sprig  of  gretii  was  touched.  As  the  procession  moved  into  the  square,  "Old  Abe" 
was  carried  to  the  .-peaker's  stand  and  placed  in  the  front,  where  his  presence  was  greeted  with  long  continued 
applause. 

"  Spencer's  band  then  played  a  patriotic  air,  after  which  Colonel  R.  G.  Ingersoll  introduced  Kev.  Mr.  Pierce,  of 
Llmwood,  who  opened  the  exercises  with  an  appropriate  prayer.  Gillig's  band  played  a  dirge,  after  w  hich  the  dedi- 
catory poem  by  Mrs.  P.  R.  K.  Brotherson,  was  read  by  Colonel  R.  G.  Ingersoll." 


THE  POFM. 


Rise,  crowned  with  glory  !  .shaft  of  white. 

Tower  proudly  to  the  bright  blue  sky  ; 
And  tell  in  triumph  to  the  world 

The  names  that  were  not  bom  to  die  : 
Names  that  through  all  coming  time. 

Shall  gleam  with  luster  pure  and  bright  — 
A  luster  won  from  noble  deeds, 

And  tinged  with  Heaven's  eternal  light. 

When  treason  and  disunion  reared 

Their  ser|)ent  heads  with  tongue  of  flame. 
And  with  defiance  an.l  with  distrust. 

Our  bitter,  vengeful  foes  became; 
When  o'er  the  mountain  and  the  vale. 

Was  heard  our  country's  stirring  cry: 
"  To  arms  !  To  arms  !"  —  and  patriot  hearts 

Resolved  to  conquer  or  to  die. 

Then  went  each  noble  spirit  forth 

With  trusting  faiih  and  strong  right  hand 
They  stood,  "  where  man  doth  die  for  man," 

A  fearless  and  unshrinking  bf.nd  ; 
They  faltered  not,  but  onward  pressed. 

Firm  in  their  manhood's  power  and  pride. 
And  for  our  safely,  for  our  weal. 

They  bravely  fought,  they  nobly  died. 


'Twould  nut  avail  nor  would  it  tell 
The  grateful  memories  that  we  keep. 

Distilled  in  many  a  falling  tear, 
Above  iheircalm,  unbroken  sleep. 

But  we  will  shrine  each  noble  name 

Upon  the  marble  pure  and  white  ; 
And  the  gl.ad  sunshine,  day  by  day. 

Shall  bathe  them  in  its  glowing  light  ; 
The  wind  shall  steal  from  Eden  bowers, 

.\nd  linger  round  the  sacred  place 
Where  stands  the  record  that  with  pride 

A  grateful  country  loves  to  trace. 

Look  down.  O  !  watchful  stars  of  Heaven, 

Through  the  long  hours  of  mystic  night. 
To  guard  them  well  with  loving  ward. 

And  crown  them  with  your  golden  light. 
Kail  gently,  purely,  dews  and  showers, 

Tliose  high,  and  holy  names  around. 
Kail  as  a  blessing  o'er  the  place 

Where  memory  makes  it  holy  ground. 

Then  rise  fair  marble  I  Take  thy  place 

Among  the  things  which  earth  will  keep 
While  time  shall  last,  and  many  an  age 

l.icsilown  to  Its  dreamless  sleep. 
The  hand  of  Genius  ciowns  thee,  loo  — 

lis  living  impress  thou  dost  wear, 
.\s  clothed  wiih  its  unchanging  grace 

Thou  dost  immortal  deeds  declare. 


How  shall  we  give  them  honor  due? 

How  twine  the  laurel  for  thcni  meet  ? 
Had  we  the  riches  of  the  world  I 

To  lay  at  iheir  unconquered  feet,  I 

After  the  puuni.  Rev.  Uifhanl  Honey,  of  I'coria,  ftirinally  dcdicuU'il  the  monument. 
Tlie  ceremony  was  simple,  yet  imi)ressively  performed,  and  was  listened  to  with  profound 
attention. 

Major-General  Benjamin  F.  Butler,  of  Massachusetts,  wa.s  then  introduced  to  tlie 
audience  amid  vociferous  cheering,  and  it  wa.s  some  momeius  before  tlie  enthusiastic 
greetings  waa  sufficiently  stilled  to  permit  him  to  be  heard.    The  speech  is  too  lengthy  to 


HISTORY  OF  PEORIA  COUNTY  411 

be  incorporated  within  these  pages,  and  hence  we  only  preserve  a  few  brief  paragraphs. 
He  commenced, 

"  T  came  at  your  call  from  the  far  East,  where  the  blue  waves  of  the  Atlantic  wash 
the  granite  based  shores  of  New  England,  to  aid  in  embalming  for  all  time  the  deeds  of 
the  glorious  dead  of  the  prairies  of  the  West,  almost  as  boundless.  Ijut  teeming  with 
vigorous  life,  fertility  and  civilization.  This  peculiar  coincidence  is  of  itself  fall  of  promise 
for  the  unity,  strength  and  prosperity  of  our  institutions.  The  East  answers  to  the  West 
with  the  same  spirit  of  fidelty,  loyalty  and  devotion  to  the  country,  in  the  same  love  of 
kindred  institutions,  with  unity  of  thought  and  full  harmony  of  action.  "  He  then  referred 
to  the  battles  of  the  revolution,  especially  the  battle  of  Lexington,  and  the  monument 
that  had  been  erected  there,  to  Concord  and  to  Charleston,  the  first  burning  sacrifice  of 
the  country  to  Britisli  brutality,  where  another  granite  shaft  pierces  the  sky  to  mark  the 
first  victory  of  the  revolution  at  Bunker  Hill,  and  to  other  places  where  the  patriots  of 
the  days  of  seventy-six  sealed  their  devotion  to  the  principles  of  American  independence 
with  their  blood  and  their  lives  ;  to  Ladd  and  to  Whitney,  the  first  martyrs  to  the 
accursed  spirit  of  the  rebellion,  who  fell  at  Baltimore  on  their  march  to  defend  the 
National  Capital.  Thus  mingling  the  recollections  of  the  war  of  American  Independence 
with  the  deeds  of  the  war  of  preservation,  the  speaker  continued:  "Is  there  not  a 
peculiar  significance  in  your  invitation  to  meet  my  comrades  here  to  do  honor  to  five 
tliousand  soldiers  who  went  forth  from  one  of  the  central  counties  of  the  great  State  of 
Illinois,  more  than  eight  hundred  of  whose  names  are  inscribed  upon  this  shaft  as  dying 
in  tlie  noblest  cause  for  which  men  ever  fought  ?  That'each  and  all  these  revolutionary 
monuments  of  valor  were  dedicated  to  commemorate  the  heroism  of  the  common  soldier, 
ever  the  first  martyrs  in  the  cause  of  Liberty  and  Right,  is  most  suggestive  that  the  grati- 
tude of  the  Repul)iic  will,  as  it  ought  to  be,  paid  to  those,  her  defenders,  who,  in  the  ranks 
with  musket  in  hand,  haversack  at  side  and  knapsack  on  the  shoulder,  have  always 
marched  at  the  call  of  the  country,  to  meet  danger,  privations  and  death  itself;  there  can 
be  no  higher  subject  of  thought,  no  grander  theme  of  contemplation,  no  more  glorious 
topic  of  eulogy,  than  the  patriotism,  courage,  coustancj",  fidelity  and  loyalty  of  her  soldiers 
in  tlie  ranks  to  the  flag  of  the  country.  " 

The  speaker  then  passed  on  to  review  some  of  the  leading  features  of  the  War  of  the 
Rebellion,  the  patriotic  spirit  of  the  people,  and  the  heroic  men  who  fell  in  defense  of 
the  Union,  and  closed  with  these  words: 

"  Is  it  not,  therefore,  fit  that  this  monument  should  be  raised  to  them,  and  upon  it 
their  names  inscribed  as  a  perjietual  memorial  to  their  children  and  ours,  as  an  object  of 
gratitude,  of  love,  of  emulation  and  of  leverence  to  those  that  shall  come  after  them  ? 
Our  children,  and  our  children's  children,  shall  be  inspired  to  deeds  of  heroic  valor  by 
their  example  in  the  field  as  soldiers  ;  our  posterity  will  bless  their  memories  and  keep 
them  green  forever,  for  their  preservation  of  popular  government  and  free  institutions, 
as  citizens.  And  we  may  not  on  this  sad,  though  yet  joyous  occasion,  forget  the  true 
ofiicers,  regular  and  volunteer,  who  led  them,  of  whom,  when  we  say  they  were  captains 
worthy  of  such  soldiers,  we  pronounce  their  highest  eulogy.  Yet  the  living  will  pardon 
us,  and  the  dead  will  smile  upon  us,  for  putting  before  them  in  the  foremost  ranks  of 
honor,  as  they  stood  before  tiiem  in  the  front  rank  of  battle,  the  true  defenders  of  their 
countr}- — the  private  soldiers. 

"  It  is  well,  again  we  say,  to  raise  these  monuments  to  the  memories  of  both,  and 
inscribe  upon  them  their  names,  so  that  in  all  time  to  come  the  father  shall  lead  his  son 
here,  as  to  his  country's  altar,  and,  as  Hamilcar  swore  the  infant  Hannibal  to  eternal 
hatred  of  the  enemies  of  the  country,  so  shall  the  American  sire  here  dedicate  his  son  to 
loyalty,  devotion  to  his  country,  and  to  fidelity  to  its  flag,  the  symbol  of  its  glory  and  its 
fame.     In  each  following  year,  through  the  long  cycles  of  ages,   shall  the   memories  of 


412  HISTOUY   oy    I'EORIA   COfXTY. 

the  virtues  of  tliese  our  fallen  heroes  grow  greener  and  greener,  and  their  sacrifices  shall 
be  remembered  as  the  shining  examples  of  the  best  daj's  of  the  Republic. 

"And  now  we  of  the  present  hour  must  not  forget  to  profit  by  the  lesson  the)-  have 
taught  us,  and  to  value  above  and  l)efore  all  the  unity  of  the  country  for  which  they 
fought ;  the  true  idea  of  American  liberty  which  the\"  upheld,  and  to  cherish  and  main- 
tain in  every  field,  in  every  forum,  against  all  odds,  and  at  every  hazard,  the  institution 
and  popular  government  which,  by  the  sacrifices  of  their  lives,  they  have  secured.  They 
have  bequeathed  to  us  a  sacred  privilege  to  enjoy,  and  an  equally  sacred  duty  to  main- 
tain—  the  fruits  of  the  victory  they  have  won.  We  will  i)e  false  to  tlieir  glorious  mem- 
ories, to  their  gallant  sacrifices  and  privations,  to  their  heroic  deaths  and  to  their  hallowed 
graves,  if  wc  suffer  one  jot  or  tittle  of  the  rights  for  which  they  fought  and  fell,  to  be  tar- 
nished in  transmission  to  their  and  to  our  posterity'. 

"  Let  us  then  go  on  in  the  path  of  duty  which  they  so  nobly  marked  out.  and  main- 
tain the  institutions  which  they  preserved  a^rainst  every  attack,  insidious  or  open,  from 
whatever  quarter  or  in  whatever  guise ;  and  thus  In"  our  action  do  honor  to  their 
memories  far  greater,  higher,  nobkr  and  moie  fitting  than  sculptured  marble  or  monu- 
mental stone." 

At  the  close  of  the  oration,  three  cheers  were  called  for  the  hero  of  New  Orleans, 
which  were  heartilj'  given.  Bouquets  were  thrown  toliim  in  profusion  and  handkerchiefs 
were  waved  from  fair  hands.  Loud  calls  were  made  for  General  Logan,  and  his  appear- 
ance at  the  front  of  the  stand  was  the  si'^nal  for  atiother  shower  of  bouquets  and  storm 
of  applause. 

THE  MONUMENT. 

This  commemorative  column  is  composed  of  ten  pieces  of  stone  and  marble  as  it 
now  stands.  The  first  base  is  five  feet  eight  inches  square  and  sixteen  inches  high.  The 
second  base  is  six  feet  five  inches  square  and  eight  inches  high.  Third  base,  octagon, 
five  feet  three  inches  by  five  feet  three  inches  and  one  foot  three  inches  high.  These 
bases  are  made  of  neatly  dressed  Ellettsville  limestone.  A  tin  box.  containing  relics,  is 
deposited  in  crypt  cut  in  the  top  of  the  third  base.  The  fourth  base,  octagon,  is  four 
feet  square,  and  one  foot  three  inches  high,  is  made  of  Rutland  (^Vermont)  marble.  The 
die  is  octagonal  three  feet  by  three  feet,  and  four  feet  high.  The  luuues  of  the  deceased 
soldiers,  whose  memory  this  monument  was  designed  to  honor  and  perpetuate,  are  in- 
scribed on  the  eight  sides  of  this  die,  and  cover  its  almost  entire  surface.  The  octagon 
cap  is  four  feet  two  inclies  by  four  feet  two  inches,  and  one  foot  three  inches  high,  with 
moulding  finish.  The  sub-die  is  two  feet  six  by  two  feet  six  inches,  and  tiiree  feet  high, 
on  four  sides  of  which  are  carved,  in  bas  relief,  figures  representing  the  Goddess  of  Lib- 
erty. The  spire  is  two  feet  bj'  two  feet,  and  eleven  feet  six  inches  high.  The  cap  is  one 
foot  eight  by  one  foot  eight  inches  square,  and  eight  inches  high,  surmounted  by  a  marble 
figure  of  a  perclied  eagle,  two  feet  six  inches  high,  with  wings  partially  extended  and 
looking  to  tlie  north. 

The  monument  was  originally  planted  near  the  center  of  the  Main  street  side 
of  the  Court-house  stpiare,  where  it  remained  until  the  grade  of  the  square  was 
commenced  in  the  Kail  of  iHT'.t,  when  it  was  removed  to  its  present  po.sition  on  the 
Jefferson  street  front.  At  the  time  of  removal,  and  before  it  was  re-sei,  tiie  entire  .shaft 
was  worked  over,  repolished,  antl  about  fifty  names  added  to  tlmse  "  who  had  gone  be- 
fore." The  three  lower  bases,  which  had  begun  to  shell  off  and  to  grow  unsightly,  were 
replaced  with  new  ones.  The  work  of  removing,  re-polishing  and  resetting  this  monu- 
mental shaft,  was  entrusted  to  Messrs.  Triebel  and  Son,  who  succes.sfully  and  satisfactorily 
accomplished  the  undertaking. 


HISTORY   OF   PEORIA   COUNTY.  413 

WOMAN'S     WORK. 

In  the  War  of  the  American  Revolution,  a  struggle  for  national  independence,  the 
women  bore  a  noble  part  in  helping  their  patriot  fathers,  husbands,  sons  and  brothers. 
In  the  many  Indian  wars,  from  one  end  of  the  country  to  the  otlier,  including  the  Black 
Hawk  war  in  1832,  they  were  never  backward  or  reluctant,  but  by  ever}-  possible  means, 
contributed  to  the  success  of  the  cause  in  defense  of  which  their  natural  protectors 
pledged  their  lives,  their  fortunes  and  their  sacred  honors.  In  more  than  one  struggle 
the  mothers,  wives  and  daughters  made  bullets,  cut  patching  (when  the  old-fashioned 
rifle  was  the  approved  style  of  fire  arm),  and  loaded  the  guns  as  fast  as  they  were  dis- 
charged. Acts  of  this  kind  are  related  in  connection  with  the  Black  Hawk  war.  In 
some  instances  the  women  were  more  courageous  than  men,  and  evinced  greater  bravery. 
Here  is  a  case  in  point  relating  to  one  of  the  pioueer  mothers  of  Illinois : 

At  Galena,  during  the  Black  Hawk  war,  when  the  stockade  was  nearly  completed. 
Colonel  Strrjde,  the  commandant  of  that  post,  so  planned  as  to  secure  a  false  alarm  in 
the  night  time.  At  midnight,  May  4,  1832,  a  cannon  was  discharged,  which  awakened 
the  citizens  from  their  slumbers.  Thus  suddenly  awakened  from  their  sleep,  and  believ- 
ing the  Indians  were  upon  them,  they  jumped  into  their  clothes  and  hurried  to  the  stock- 
ade as  fast  as  fright  and  their  feet  could  carry  them.  Some  of  them  arrived  at  the  stock- 
ade with  toilets  not  more  than  half  completed.  Among  others  who  were  badly  frightened 
was  the  Galena  postmaster,  who  didn't  stop  to  put  on  his  trousers  when  he  sprang  from 
his  bed,  but  jerked  the  sheet  and  wrapped  it  around  him  as  he  ran,  and  as  he  entered 
the  fort  commenced  calling  for  some  one  to  bring  him  a  pair  of  pants.  A  large  number 
of  women  were  there,  and  a  Mrs.  Bennet  was  making  bullets  and  otherwise  encouraging 
the  men.  The  postmaster  kept  flying  from  place  to  place  calling  for  a  pair  of  pants. 
His  antics  can  be  easily  imagined  by  the  reader,  as  described  by  the  writer.  At  length, 
tired  of  his  chassezing  around,  and  thinking  he  could  fight  as  well  without  pants  as  with 
them,  and  that  that  was  neither  the  time  nor  the  place  ''  for  fooling,"'  Mother  Bennett 
picked  up  a  gun  and  placed  it  in  his  hands  with  the  injunction,  "  Here,  you  old  coward, 
take  this  gunand  get  into  position  to  be  killed  like  a  brave  man;  and  don't  be  scared  to 
death." 

The  alarm  was  a  cruel  hoax,  and  the  scenes  attending  were  full  of  the  ludicrous,  but 
none  of  them  were  more  laughable  than  the  fright,  toilet  and  antics  of  the  postmaster, 
and  he  never  heard  the  last  of  it  as  long  as  he  remained  at  Galena.  As  with  Mother 
Bennett,  so  with  American  women  in  every  struggle  in  which  the  country  has  been 
involved,  devoted  and  brave  to  the  death. 

In  the  War  of  the  Rebellion,  the  women  of  the  country  wei'e  the  soldiers  most  faith- 
ful and  devoted  friends.  At  home,  they  anticipated  every  want  of  the  "  Boys  in  Blue,  " 
and  labored  almost  day  and  night  to  supply  their  suffering  needs.  Among  the  wounded 
after  battles  and  in  the  hospital,  women  were  present  as  ministering  angels.  Protestants, 
Catholics,  daughters  of  America,  German}',  England,  Ireland,  of  nearly  nation  of  the 
civilized  world,  contributed  to  the  alleviation  of  the  necessities  and  sufferings  of  the 
soldiers. 

PEORIA  WOMEN  AT  WORK. 

Almost  as  soon  as  enlistments  commenced,  the  women  of  Peoria,  full  of  patriotic 
devotion  to  the  country's  cause  and  with  a  sympathetic  desire  to  do  something  for  the 
soldiers  in  the  field,  inaugurated  measures  that  secured  a  perfect  co-operation  in  all  under- 
takings looking  to  a  successful  prosecution  of  the  war  and  the  comfort  and  care,  so  far  as 
possible,  of  the  brave  men  who  went  out  from  tlieir  midst  with  their  lives  in  their  hands. 
These  women  met  together  from  week  to  week,  and  busied  themselves  in  doing  whatever 
seemed  best  to  be  done  in  aid  of  the  cause  in  which  they  volunteered.     Fairs  were  held 


414  HISTOHV   OF   I'EORIA  COUNTi'. 

and  entertainments  given,  and  the  proceeds  applied  for  tlie  licnefit  of  their  country's 
defendei-s.  Arrangements  were  perfected  and  carried  into  execution  which  secured  an 
enthusiastic  and  hearty  reception  of  companies  and  regiments  when  they  returned  home 
from  fields  of  battle  and  of  danger.  Such  receptions  as  tliey  gave  !  Each  of  them  was 
enough  to  inspire  the  brave  fellows  to  go  through  the  same  experiences  and  hardships 
and  exj)osures  and  dangers  again.  Such  love,  such  .sympathy,  such  care,  such  forethought 
as  the  women  of  Peoria  gave  to  the  soldiers  would  uerve  the  men  of  any  nation  to  face 
any  danger,  to  espouse  battle  for  any  cause  of  justice,  truth  and  right,  no  matter  how 
gieat  the  odds. 


WOMEN'S  NATIONAL  LEAGUE. 

June  3,  1863,  a  meeting  of  the  women  of  Peoria  was  held  in  Rouse's  Hall  for  the 
purpose  of  organizing  a  League  known  as  above.  This  meeting  was  largely  attended 
and  was  presided  over  by  Hon.  E.  A.  Leavitt,  of  Cincinnati. 

THE  fLtUGE. 

We  the  uiuiersigned  women  of  I'coria  believing  that  in  this  hour  of  national  peril  u>  our  country  every  influence, 
moral  as  well  a-,  military,  should  be  brought  to  bear  in  the  grcit  struggle  for  national  existence  again),!  a  wicked 
rebellion,  and  that  while  our  fathers,  husbands,  sons  and  brothers  are  giving  their  treasure  and  their  blood  it  is  our 
duty  to  contribute  the  influence  which  God  has  given  us  in  our  social  sphere  to  the  :^an1c  holy  cause  :  and  that  in  this 
solemn  crisis  loyalty  to  our  country  is  bound  to  be  outspoken  even  in  the  case  of  women,  as  true  loyalty  to  our  God. 

We  therefore  do  constitute  ourselves  an  association  to  be  known  as  "  T  he  Women's  National  League  of  I'eoria." 
and  do  pledge  our  unconditional  adhesion  to  our  National  government  in  its  struggle  against  the  present  rebellion, 
engaging  to  assist  it  by  whatever  means  may  be  in  our  power,  in  the  maintenance  of  our  National  Union,  and  of  the 
integrity  of  our  National  domain. 

To  this  end  we  further  resolve  and  p'.edgc  ourselves  to  encourage  and  sustain  our  brave  soldiers  by  deeds  of 
kindness  and  by  words  of  cheer,  to  use  every  fitting  opportunity  of  expressing  our  unHinching  determination  to  stand 
by  "  the  dear  old  flag  "  and  to  honor  those  who  light  in  its  defense,  until  the  day  of  its  sure  and  certain  triumph  ; 
and  to  prove  in  every  way  we  can  that  we  consider  loyalty  to  our  country  a  part  of  our  allegiance  to  our  God." 

CONSTITUTION. 

Artici.K  I.  The  object  of  this  Le.igue  shall  be  to  bind  together  all  loyal  women  with  a  determination  in  ac 
cordance  with  the  pledges  to  use  every  effort  in  our  power  to  discountenance  secession,  to  sustain  the  National  gov- 
ernment in  its  present  peril,  and  to  administer  in  ever)-  suitable  manner  to  the  relief  and  comfort  of  our  noble  soldiers 
in  the  field  and  in  hospitals. 

Art.  2.      Liidies  may  become  members  of  the  League  by  signing  the  pledge. 

Akt.  3.     Its  officers  shall  be  a  President,  two  Vice  I'residcnts,  Secretary,  Treasurer,  and  twelve  Managers. 

.^RT.  4.  It  shall  be  th'-  duty  of  the  President,  by  and  with  the  advice  of  tlie  other  officers,  tocall  meetings  through 
the  city  press  a  day  previous,  and  to  preside  at  the  meetings. 

Art.  5.     It  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  Vice  Presidents  to  fulfill  the  duties  of  the  President  in  her  absence. 

.•\RT.  6.  It  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  Secretary  to  attend  to  the  correspondence  of  the  League,  and  to  keep  a 
record  of  its  meetings  and  of  the  names  an<l  residences  of  its  members  in  a  book  prepared  for  the  purpose. 

Art.  7.  The  Treasurer  shall  receive  and,  by  order  of  the  Managers,  shall  disburse  funds  belonging  to  the 
League. 

Art.  8.  It  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  board  of  Managers  to  devise  and  from  time  to  time  to  bring  before  the 
League  measures  by  which  its  appropriate  objects  may  be  promoted. 

Art.  9.  Officers  shall  be  elected  by  ballot  by  a  vote  of  two-lhirds  of  the  members  present  at  a  slated  meeting 
called  in  accordance  with  the  provisions  of  the  Constitution. 

Art.  10.  .'Mteraiions  may  be  made  in  the  above  Constitution  by  a  vole  of  two-thirds  of  the  members  present 
at  a  meeting  called  in  accordance  with  the  fourth   article  of  the  Constitution. 

FIRST  OFFICERS. 
President,  Mrs.  A.  G.  Curtenius. 

Vice  Presidents,  Mrs.  Frances  B.  M.  Brotherson.  Mrt.  Isaac  Underbill. 
5^crctary.  Mrs.  L.   R.  Webb. 
Treasurer,  Mrs.  W.  A.  Ilerron. 

IIOARt)  OF   MANAGERS. 

Mrs.  Willia.n  IJo^lge.  .Mr,.  George  C.  Uestor,  .Mr>.  Charles  B.  Day.  Mrs.  M.  S.  Austen.  .Vlr».  W.  IC.  Kobinson, 
Mrs.  George  Field.  Mrs.  W.  H.  Ly.rn.  Mrs.  Wm.  Truesdalc,  Mrs.  James  Irons,  Mrs.  A.  1».  Barllctt.  Mrs.  Alfred 
Freeman,  .Mrs.  W.  G.  Wheaton. 


HISTORY   OF   PEORIA   COUNTY. 


415 


Many  of  these  officers  served  during  the  entire  existence  of  the  League,  hut  una- 
voidable removals  and  changes  made  the  election  of  some  new  officers  necessary. 
The  membership  of  the  League  was  as  follows  : 


Mrs.  Eliza  N.  .\iken. 

Mrs.  Sophia  Burdette. 

Miss  Julia  H.  Johnson. 

Mrs.  H.   Whittemore. 

Miss  N.  B.  Arnold, 

Mrs.  E.  Burnham. 

Mrs.  J.  W.Johnson. 

Miss  Mary  Moore. 

Mrs.  £.  B.  Baljcock. 

Miss  Jennie  Cunningham. 

Miss  Laura  Jones. 

Mrs.  A.  C.  Morse. 

Miss  Jane  E.  Babcock. 

Mrs.T.  L.  Currie. 

Miss  Emma  Keener. 

Miss  .M.  A.  Nelson. 

Mrs.  E.  F.  Bacon. 

.Mrs.  .\.  L.  Curtenius. 

-Mrs.  M.  F.  Keener. 

Mrs.  L.  M.  Nixon. 

Miss  Mary  ].  Bacon. 

Mrs.  N.  B.  Curtiss. 

Miss  Melissa  Keller. 

Mrs.  Mary   .\olte. 

Mrs.  S.  R.  'Baker. 

Mrs.  Pleny  Curtiss. 

Mrs  .Cynthia  W.  Kerr. 

Miss  E.  J.  Normington. 

Mrs.  Charles  Ballance. 

Miss  Martha  Cutts. 

Mrs.  Clarissa  King. 

Mrs.  E.  D.  Offeld. 

Miss  Josie  Ballance. 

Mrs.  E.  Daniels. 

Mrs.  H.  C.  King. 

Mrs.  Otes. 

Miss  Julia  Ballance. 

Mrs.  W.  Davis. 

Mrs.  J.  W.  King. 

Mrs.  L.  W.  Page. 

Miss  Lillie  Ballance. 

Mrs.  C.  B.  Day. 

Miss  Julia  Lathrop. 

Miss  Page. 

Miss  Mary  Ballance. 

Miss  Flora  Day. 

Mrs.  C.  Godfrey. 

Mrs.  M.  A.  Palmer. 

Mrs.  Maria  Barnes. 

Mrs.  Elizabeth  Delano. 

Mrs.  Mary  Godfrey. 

Mrs.  S.  A.  Parkhurst. 

Mrs.  A.  P.  Bartlett. 

Mrs.  C.  F.   Dickenson. 

Mrs.  Goldsborough. 

Mrs.  Parks. 

Miss  Mary  Bartlett. 

Mrs.  L.  J.  Dickey. 

Mrs.  Samuel  Gordon. 

Miss  Mary  M.  Peters. 

Miss  Sarah  Bartlett. 

Miss  .^nnie  Dinwiddle. 

Mrs  H.  W.  Green. 

Mrs.  William  Peters. 

Mrs.  H.  D.  Baston. 

Miss  L.  C.  Dinwiddle. 

Mr.s.  C.  B.  Greenleaf. 

Mrs.  J.  H.  Pierce. 

Mrs.  W.  D.  Baston. 

Miss  Emma  Dinwiddle. 

Mrs.  C.  W.  Greenleaf 

Mrs.  N.  H.  Purple. 

Miss  Sarah  Baston. 

Miss  Alice  Dodge. 

Miss  H.  F.  Grennell. 

Miss  C.  Quimby. 

Mrs.  M.  G.  Batchelder. 

Mrs.  Wm.  M.  Dodge. 

Mrs.  J.  C.  Greer. 

Mrs.  Kankin. 

Miss  Fanny  Batchelder. 

Mrs.  C.  H.  Donley. 

Mrs.  R.  C.  Grier. 

Mrs  Henry  Rattle. 

Mrs.  Daniel  Burrows. 

.Mrs.  L.  M.  Doup. 

Miss  Sarah  Grier. 

Miss  Carrie  Rattle. 

Mrs.  John  A.  Bush. 

Mrs.  D.  H.  Downing. 

Mrs.  John  L.  Griswold. 

Mrs.  E.  Smiley. 

Mrs.  A.  \V.  Bushnell. 

Mrs.  H.  W.  Dredge. 

Mrs.  Matthew  Griswold. 

Miss  .A.nna  H.  Smith. 

Mrs.  E.  E.  Calligan. 

Mrs.  C.  Dunham. 

Miss  Kate  Grove. 

Mrs.  C,  H.  Smith. 

Miss  Lizzie  Calligan. 

Mrs.  H.  Dunn. 

Miss  Kate  Guerin. 

Mrs.  J.  M'Clay  Smith. 

Miss  M.  C.  Camp. 

Miss  Malvina  Durkee. 

Mrs.  Jacob  Guyer. 

Miss  Rebecca  B.  Smith. 

Miss  Mary  Chamberlain. 

Miss  Nellie  Durst, 

Mrs.  .\.  J.  Hamilton. 

Miss  Bonnie  Snow. 

Mrs.  Abbie  P.  Chapin. 

Mrs.  Hetty  Easton. 

Mrs.  G.  C.   Hamlin. 

Miss  Sarah  Snow. 

Mrs.  C.  S.  Clarke.  ' 

Mrs.  F.  E.  Eaton. 

Miss  Maria  Hamlin. 

Mrs.  C.  R.  Snyder. 

Mrs.  Horace  Clarke. 

Mrs.  Sarah  C.  Ely. 

Miss  Vickie  G.  Hamlin. 

Miss  Josephine  Snyder. 

Mrs.  E.  Clarkson. 

Mrs.  Enoch  Emery. 

Miss  Maggie  Hankinear. 

Miss  Annie  Summers. 

Mrs.  Caroline  Cockle. 

Mis.  Grace  Emery. 

Mrs.  W.  f .  Hanna. 

Miss  Rachael   Steer. 

Miss  Susie  T.  Cockle. 

Mrs,  Eppy. 

Mrs.  J.  W.  Hansen. 

Mrs.  F.  Sterling. 

Miss  fulia  F.  Cockle. 

Miss  Mary  Eppy. 

Mrs.  Phineas  Harlow. 

Mrs.  William  Steltinuis. 

Mrs.  E.  M.  Colburn. 

Mrs.  J.  M.  Evans. 

Miss  M.  Harris. 

Miss  Julia  M.  Stone. 

Mrs.  H.  H.  Cole. 

Mrs.  K.  Farnsworlh. 

Miss  Helen  Lathrop. 

Miss  Lacetta  Stone. 

Mrs.  A.  S.  Cooper. 

Mrs.  E.  N.  Fay. 

Miss  Maria  Lathrop. 

Mrs.  Margaret  Stone. 

Miss  A.  A.  Cook. 

Mrs.  George  Field. 

Miss  Mary  Lathrop. 

Miss  A.  Storey. 

Mrs.  J.  K.  Cooper. 

Mrs.  Frank  Field. 

Mrs.  M.  J.   Lathrop. 

Mrs.  S.  M.  Stickler. 

Mrs.  M.  A.  Couch. 

Mrs.  Julia  Finley. 

Mrs.  L.   Laurie. 

Mrs.  Belinda  Thomas. 

Miss  Kale  Crane. 

Mrs.  Charles  Fisher. 

Miss  Laughten. 

Mrs.  D.  S.  Thompson. 

Miss  Mary  A.  Crane. 

Mrs.  Henrv  Forsyth. 

Mrs.  Columbus  Lindsay. 

Miss  Helen  W.Thompson, 

Mrs.  William  H.  Cruger. 

Mrs.  B.  Foster. 

Mrs.  E.  A.  Little. 

Mis;  Laura  A.  Thompson. 

Mrs.  N.  C.  Culbertson. 

Mrs.  A.  G.  Freeman. 

Miss  E.  Littell. 

Miss  Lucretia  Thompson. 

Mrs.  H.  S.  Austen. 

Mrs.  Wm.  French. 

Miss  H.  A.  Littell. 

Mrs.  M.  A.  Thompson. 

Miss  Nora  Beall. 

Mrs.  H.  F.  Frink. 

Mrs.  W.  B.  Lyon. 

Mrs.  L.  Raymond. 

Miss  N.  J.  Bennett. 

Mrs.  Mary  Gibson. 

Mrs.  J.  P.  McLean. 

Miss  Addie  Raymond. 

Mrs.  Merritt  Benton. 

Miss  Beuiah  Gilbert. 

Mrs.  M.  A.  Marlin. 

Mrs.  Sarah  Redingbon. 

Miss  S.  C.  Benton. 

Miss  Celestine  Gilbert. 

Miss  Eliza  W.  Mason. 

Mrs.  Bell  Reynolds. 

Mrs.  N.  E.  Bfest. 

Mrs.  Francis  A.  Headley. 

Miss  Ellen  .Maxwell. 

Mrs.  H.  W.  Reynolds. 

Mrs.  Geo.  C.  Bestor. 

Mrs.  H.  Henderson. 

Mrs.  M.  Burnie. 

Mfss  Carrie  Richardson. 

Miss  Martha  Bestor. 

Mrs.  J.  F.  Henry. 

Miss  Martha  A.  McCoy. 

Miss  Lucy  Richardson. 

Miss  A.  Bewsher. 

Mrs.  Jacob  Hepperly. 

Mrs.  Phebe  T.  McClallen. 

Miss  Mary  E.  Ripley. 

Miss  Eliza  Bewsher. 

Mrs.  R  W.  Herder. 

Miss  Sarah  McClure. 

Mrs.  Howell  Robinson. 

Mrs.  Roswell  Kills. 

Mrs.  S.  B.  Herson. 

Mrs.  Ann  K.  McCulloch. 

Miss  Mary  Robison. 

Miss  Lillie  Bishop. 

Mrs.  Samuel  llibbeon. 

Mrs.  G.  H.  Mcllvaine. 

Mrs.  W.  E.  Robinson. 

Mr.i.  B.  L.  T.  Bourland. 

Miss  Addie  Higgins. 

Mrs.  McLaughlen. 

Miss  Came  S.  Rogers. 

Mrs.  Electa  Bowen. 

.Mrs.  Hurd. 

Miss  Hattie  McLean. 

Miss  Mary  Rouse. 

Miss  Minnie  Bowen. 

MissS.  D.  Hurd. 

Mrs.  D.  W.  McWilliams. 

Miss  Jennie  Rover, 

Mrs.  F.  B.  M.  Brotherson. 

Mrs.  A.  Hurlburt. 

Mrs.  >L  T.  Mercer. 

Mrs.  Henry  I.  Ragg. 

Mrs.  A.  W.  Brown. 

Mr.s.  H.  M.  Ireland. 

Mrs.  B.  F.  Miles. 

Miss  Lucy  Ragg. 

Miss  Eliza  Buck. 

Mrs.  James  Irons. 

Mrs.  A.  Miller. 

Mrs.  Mary  Sanger. 

Miss  Mary  Burdette. 

Mrs.  Jane  G.  Johnston. 

Mrs.  Henry  Miller. 

Miss  Louisa  Schncbley. 

416 

HISTORY    or 

PEORIA   COUNTY. 

Miss  Tryphenia  Sehnebley. 

Mrs. 

Ann  Todhunter. 

Mrs.  Lucia  B.  Tyng. 

Miss  Mary  E.  Scotl. 

Miss 

Olive  H.  Tracy. 

Mrs.  Isaac  Underbill. 

Miss  Sarah  Scolt. 

Mrs. 

J.  \.  Troup. 

Mrs.  Elizabeth  Vaneps. 

Mrs.  T.  J.  Scolt. 

Mrs. 

Moses  Troyer. 

Mrs.  M.  B.  VanMyr. 

Mrs.  Shutts. 

Mrs. 

I.  M.  Troyer. 

.Mrs.  Thos.  L.  I'elherbridg( 

Miss  M.  Shultb. 

Mrs. 

1 ,  G.  Truesdale. 

Mrs.  A.  J.   Hardin. 

Mrs.  K.  Simpson. 

Mis. 

William  Truesdale. 

Miss  Millie  Wanser. 

Miss  Ella  k.  Sloan. 

Miss 

Abl)ie   Truesdale. 

Mrs.  C.  O.  Washburn. 

Mrs.  .M.  E.  Thompson. 

Miss 

Lucv  Truesdale. 

.Miss  Helen  A.  Washburn. 

Mrs.  R.  Thompson. 

Mrs. 

Eliza  Tucker. 

Mrs.  Lysander  R.  Webb. 

.Mrs.  Alfred  Thurlow. 

Mrs. 

Dan  Tyler. 

Mrs.  John  J.  Weed. 

Mrs.  George  Todd. 

Mrs.  John  Wiggerman. 
Mrs.  Margaret  B.  Wies. 
Mrs.  W.  G.  Whealon. 
Miss  E.  E.  White. 
Miss  N.  E.  White. 
Mrs.  A.  R.  Winchell. 
.Mrs,  I.  A.  Warder. 
.MissN.  L.  Wood. 
Miss  Lou  Woodbur)'. 
Mrs.  E.  W.  Woodcock. 
.Mrs.  Woodbury, 


"  Doubtless,"  siiys  Mrs.  A.  G.  T^-ng,  who  was  Secietarv  of  the  League,  and  from 
whom  these  facts  are  obtained,  "  there  were  otlier  names  added  during  the  existence  of 
the  League,  but  this  is  the  only  record  I  have.  In  this,  as  in  all  societies,  the  active 
work  was  done  by  eomparativel}'  few." 

The  Soldiers'  Rest  was  instituted  by  the  League  in  August,  1863,  and  the  Freed- 
men's  Aid  Society  was  formed  in  January,  1864. 

LAST  MEETING  OF  THE  LEAGUE  —  BALANCLNG  THE  BOOKS. 

The  final  meeting  of  the  League  was  held  on  the  Sth  day  of  July,  1866,  when  the 
reports  of  the  Secretary  and  Treasurer  for  the  entire  term  of  tlie  existence  of  the  League 
were  read  and  adojited,  together  with  this  preamble  and  resolution  : 

Whereas,  We,  the  members  of  the  Women's  National  League,  have  cnjuyed  since  our  lirst  organization,  the 
etiicient  leadership  ami  constant  co-operation  of  Mrs.  A.  Curtenius,  whose  untiring  /cal,  energy  and  vigilance,  left  no 
avenue  closed  through  which  the  objects  of  our  society  might  be  most  successfully  accomplished  ;  who,  with  rare  skill 
and  much  toil,  so  planned  and  presented  the  labors  to  be  performed  as  to  reiluce  the  burden  and  increa.se  the  bene- 
fit ;  whose  promptness,  punctual  and  constant  attendance  upon  all  meetings,  acted  as  a  spur  to  like  activity  on  the 
part  of  the  members  and  kept  alive  the  fire  of  devotion,  even  until  the  expiration  of  our  term  of  enlistment ;  and 

Whereas,  In  our  Vice  President,  .Mrs.  William  Wcis,  we  have  h.vl  a  co-worker  whose  hand  never  lingered, 
and  whose  foot  never  faltered,  who  early  and  late  has  ministered  to  the  suffering,  homeless  or  destitute  soldier  —  a 
pioneer  in  the  work  and  faithful  to  the  end  ;  and 

Whereas,  Through  the  systematic  performance  of  all  the  duties  pertaining  to  the  respective  offices  of  Secre- 
tary and  Treasurer,  the  League,  as  the  almoner  of  the  bounty  of  the  public,  has,  by  means  of  the  completeness  o(  its 
record,  been  always  ready  to  challenge  investigation   and  render  an  account  of  its  stewardship,  therefore 

Keiolved,  That  we  tender  to  our  beloved  and  much  respected  officers  our  sincere  thanks,  a.s  a  token  of  our  ap- 
preciation of  their  devotcdness  and    invaluable  services  to  us  and  the  ciuse  for  which  the  League  was  organized. 

treasurer's   report. 
The  following  is  the  Treasurer's  report  from  June  5,  1863,  10  July  5,  1866  : 


receipts. 


303  58 
50  ga 
31  8s 


Subscriptions  and  donations  from  June,  1863,  to  January,  1864,  six  months $ 

Monthly  contributions 

Sale  of  badges 

From  yanuary,  1864  — 

Subscriptions  and  donations 3,363  60 

Dinners  and  festivals , 5.789  49 

Receptions .   ....      1,340  95 


Dishes  . 

Monthly  contributions.. 

Sale  of  badges 

Sale    of  stove 

Sale   of  rags 

Mr.  Ingersoll's    lecture.. 
Reading  by  T.  b.  Read. 


Total 

Donation  of  sanitary  itorei. 


3IS 

ao 

313 

15 

5 

70 

II 

00 

I 

as 

143 

50 

132 

00 

$ 

1 1 ,6<)3 

19 

1.948  ('A 

Grand  total $1 3,640  83 


HIBTORY   OF   PEORIA   COUNTY.  417 

Expenditures. 

From  yune,  1863,  to  jfanuary,  1864,  six  months: — 

Soldiers'   Rest $  34  05 

S.initary _ -  158  00 

Badges -  -  42  5° 

Presentation  of  flag  to  77th  Ills.,  and  banner  sent  to  Springfield 127  0° 

yaiiuan,  1864 : — 

Dinners  and  festivals,. 1.935  07 

Receptions  of  soldiers I.4I9  7' 

Dishes _ _ 294  75 

Soldiers's  Rest _ _ 2,903  40 

Sick  Soldiers 1,085  75 

Serving _ 124  80 

Incidentals ._ 99  84 

Union    Relief  Society 1 00  00 

Freedman's  Aid  Committee __ _ 723  74 

Rent   of  Room.. _ 120  00 

Decatur  Fair 52  35 

Refugees _ 30  50 

Expense  of  Mr.  IngersoH's  Lecture _ __ _ 51  00 

Expense  of  Reading,  by  T.  B.  Read _ 34  00 

.Sent  to  School  in  Natchez _ 25  00 

Balance  on  Hand. 82   ig 

•  

Total.. $11,692   19 

Number  of  boxes  sent,  70;  barrels,  85  ;  kegs,  24  ;  rolls  bandages,  89  ;  packages  of  rags,  15  ;  packages  of  lint,  4. 
With  regard  to  the  balance  on  hand  in  our  treasury,  it  was  unanimously  decided  that  it  .should  be  appropriated  to 
the  improvement  of  the  soldiers'  lot  at  the  Springdale  Cemete^'.  Lizzie  Calligan,  Treasurer. 

freedman's   aid   COMMirrEE. 
The  following  is  a  report  of  the  Freedman's  Aid  Committee  of  the    League,  from  January,  1S64,  to  July,  1866  : 

KECEirT.S. 

Through  Soliciting  Committee - $  13S  24 

Fred   Douglass'   Lecture 9400 

From  West  Jersey,  per  Dr.  Copestake 12  25 

From  Low  Point,  per  D.  Fragin 57  10 

Donations 80  69 

Thanksgiving  Collections,  New  School  Presbyterian  Church 10;  00 

"                     "           Congregational  Church. .- 60  03 

"                     "           First  Presbyterian   Church 6488 

"                     "           Second         "                 "        12  73 

"                     ■■           Adams  Street   Baptist  Church 3  00 

"                     "           German  Baptist  Church 900 

Collections  and  Subscription  at  Union  Meeting,  May  28 .  170  00 

Episcopal  Church 40  00 

First  Baptist  Church 5   75 

Mush  and  Milk  Festival  and  Concert 548  21 

Woman's  National  League 723  74 

Shoes  and  dolls ■_ 37  OO 

Total .$2,162  22 

EXPENDITURES. 

Sent    to  Northwestern  Freedman's  Aid  Committee,  cash $1,148  36 

"     "    Freedmen's  Department  of  the  Fair,  at  Chicago 100  00 

"     In  new  clothing 737  61 

Expense  of   Mush  and  Milk  Festival 73  70 

Fred  Douglass'  Lecture 50  00 

Fancy  articles  sent  to  the  Mississippi  Valley  Fair 52  00 

Balence  on  hand 55 

Total $2,162  22 

Second  hand  clothing,  books  and  sanitary  articles  donated  and  sent  to  Chic^o $    739  00 

Mrs.  William  Weis,  Treasurer  h.  A.  C. 

Mem. — During  the  existence  of  the  League,  1,223  soldiers  were  entertained  at  the  Rest;  receptions  given,  not 
including  one  gern;ral  reception,  14  ;  regiments  received,  nth  Illinois  cavalry,  twice  ;  17th  Ills.,  8th  Ills,  (twice),  8th 


418  HISTORY   OF   PEORIA   COUNTY. 

Mo.,  77th.  loSlh,  139th,  80th,  load   and  47th  (three    times)    Ills.;  number  of  soldiers   received    in  regiments,  2,8oo; 
number  of  soldiers  buried,  10;  number  of  meetings  held  by  the  League,  91  ;  average  attendance,  18. 

GOOD  BYE. 

After  the  adoption  of  these  reports,  the  League  was  declared  to  be  dissolved,  and  it 
only  remains  for  lis  to  add  its  last  official  pronunciamento,  as  written  by  the  worthy, 
highly  iionored  and  iiniver.sally  respected  Secretary,  which  was  in  these  words: 

"  In  concluding  the  labor.-s  of  the  League  we  desire  most  heartily  to  express  our  gratitude  for  the  very  generous 
manner  in  which  the  public  have  responded  to  our  repeated  calls  for  aid  in  our  work  for  the  soldiers.  Especially  do 
we  desire  to  thank  those  genlleinen  who  have  always  been  ready  with  their  counsel  and  material  aid  to  co-operate 
with  us  in  any  undertakini;,  and  lighten  our  labors  so  efficiently;  and  to  Col.  R.  G.  IngersoU  for  the  very  able  and 
most  eloquent  lecture  delivered  by  him  for  our  benefit.  Upon  all  who  have  aided  us.  and  through  us  the  soldiers  in 
any  way,  shall  abide  the  blessing  of  Him  who  said.  '  inasmuch  as  ye  have  done  it  unto  one  of  the  least  of  these,  my 
brethren,  ye  have  done  it  unto  Me.'  Mrs.  A.  G.  TvvG,  Secretary." 


SPRINGDALE  SOLDIER'S  MONUMENT. 

[by  MRS.  A.  G.  TYNG.] 

Very  shortly  after  the  disbanding  of  the  Women's  National  League  of  Peoria,  the 
active  menil)ers  of  the  same  organized  a  new  society  having  for  its  object  the  erection  of 
a  suitable  nionunient  to  the  soldiers  who  are  buried  in  Springdale  cemetery.  A  lot  of 
about  one  hundred  and  lifty  feet  square  had  been  presented  for  tiie  burial  of  the  soldiers 
by  the  Cemetery  Association,  and  the  women  composing  this  Association  felt  that  it  was 
a  fitting  close  to  their  labors  of  love  for  their  soldiers,  to  honor  their  final  resting  places. 
Mrs.  Curtenius  was  elected  President ;  Mrs.  \Vm.  Weis,  Vice  President ;  Mrs.  Thomas 
Petherbridge,  Secretary,  and  Mrs.  William  Herron,  Treasurer. 

In  tiie  Spring  of  1870  the  inuuument  was  completed  and  in  its  place.  It  was  de- 
signed and  executed  by  Mr.  Robert  Campliell,  and  cost  •S-,f'00.  It  is  an  impo^ing  and  at- 
tractive structure,  and  can  be  seen  from  all  parts  of  the  cemetery.  The  limestone  base 
is  five  feet  square  and  a  foot  and  a  half  high.  Above  this  is  a  marble  base  four  feet 
square  and  a  foot  and  three  inches  high  —  upon  this  is  a  die  which  is  a  three  feet  cube. 
On  the  sides  of  this  die  are  inscribed  the  words  "  Liberty,"  "  Justice,"  '*  Equality," 
"  Pro  Patria."  A  second  die  is  two  feet  square  and  three  feet  high,  and  above  this  is  the 
cap  two  feet  ten  inches  square  and  one  foot  four  iiudics  high.  Tiic  cap  is  surmounted  by 
the  figure  of  soldier  at  "  parade  rest,"  the  workmanship  of  Mr.  J.  J.  Jewell.  The  fi  ;ure 
is  six  feet  six  inches  high,  and  the  execution  of  it  is  good.  It  faces  the  burial  place  of 
the  soldiers.  Tiiirty -seven  soldiers  are  buried  in  this  lot  at  Springdale  cemetery.  Each 
grave  is  provided  with  a  small,  neat  headstone  wilii  the  name  of  tin-  soldier  carveil  upon 
it.  Tliere  are  three  unknown  graves.  The  Moiuimcnl  Association  also  paid  into  the 
"  Trust  Fund  of  tht-  Cemetery  "  one  hundred  dollars  to  ensure  the  perpetual  care  of  this 
lot  for  all  time.  The  dedication  took  i)lacc  .May  oOth,  1870,  Decoration  Day.  It  was  a 
beautiful  day  and  large  numbers  of  people  came  in  from  the  surrounding  country  to  be 
present  at  tiie  ceriMiionics.  Many  hundreds  gathered  at  the  soldiers  lot.  The  company 
were  formed  into  a  iiollow  sipiare  around  the  graves.  A  platform  hail  been  erected  for 
the  accommodation  of  the  speakers  and  singers,  anil  fien.  .Ma'4«-f  cifficiated  as  master  of 
ceremonies.  Thirty-four  little  girls,  dressed  in  white,  were  detailed  to  strew  the  Howers. 
They  stood  at  the  graves  during  the  services  and  at  the  proper  lime  placed  the  flowers 
on  the  mounds  tenderly  and  reverently.  Prayer  was  offered  by  Rev.  W.  A.  Spencer. 
Misses  Hallanue,  Truesdale,  Tilestoii  and  Mowatt  sang  the  Decoration  Hymn.  The 
statue,  wliich  had  lieeii  draped  in  llic  .Vmeriian  ling,  was  then  unveiled  by  Airs.  Annie 
Ctiiteiiius.  Tiie  dudicalory  address  was  delivered  liv  Rev.  S.  A.  King.-biny,  D.I).  After 
this  a  soltlier'a  reijiiiem  was  smig  b\  Mrs.  Frank  Field,  Mrs.  C.  H.  Allain.  Messrs. Charles 


HISTORY   OF   PEORIA  COUNTY. 


419 


F.  Bacon  and  S.  S.  Patton.  The  chairman  then  introduced  Col.  Lucien  H.  Kerr,  who 
read  the  following  poem,  written  for  the  occasion  by  Mrs.  Frances  B.  M.  Brotherson,  of 
this  citj- : 


HAIL  SENTINEL. 


Stand  !  in  thy  manly  pride  and  might. 

Stand  !  with  a  purpose  firm  —  to  keep 
A  tireless,  ceaseless  watch  and  ward. 

Above  the  calm  unbroken  sleep 
Of  our  dead  heroes.     They  rest  well 

Upon  this  sunny  slope,  where  falls 
Purely  and  fresh  the  unstained  light 

That  gleams  from  oti"  the  jasper  walls. 

Guard  each  green  hillock  —  every  blade 

Of  grass  that  trembles  in  the  breeze. 
And  every  flower  whose  fragrance  makes 

A  link  in  Nature's  harmonies. 
Keep  faithful  vigil  o'er  the  trees  — 

The  tall  green  trees  that  stand  like  Thee, 
So  grand  and  glorious  —  things  of  Time 

That  image  forth  Eternity. 

But  yet  a  holier  trust  is  thine  — 

Our  patriot  and  immortal  dead  ; 
We  give  them  to  thy  guardian  care. 

And  bless  each  silent  sleeper's  head. 
The  fallen  braves  —  whose  names  we  speak 

With  tenderness  and  tears  —  who  live 
In  grateful  memories  —  and  thoughts 

Which  only  loyal  hearts  can  give. 

Watch  lovingly  the  manly  brows 

Which  wore  with  such  an  honest  pride 
The  cap  of  blue  —  and  with  stern  power 

The  haughty  rebel  foe  defied. — 
Locks  which  are  like  the  raven's  wing 

Lie  there  —  and  those  of  clustering  brows. 
Love's  hand  hath  smoothed  their  brightness  oft. 

And  Love  hath  wept  to  lay    them  down. 

Keep  guard  above  the  eyes  grown  dim. 

Closed  in  a  quiet  dreamless  sleep. 
From  every  ve.xing  vision  free. 

No  bitter  tears  have  they  to  weep. 
They  looked  upon  war's  combat  fierce. 

They  caught  a  glow  from  victory, 
And  were  content  to  close  in  death. 

For  the  dear  flag  and  liberty. 

Guard  well  the  silent  lips,  whose  tones 

Rang  out  amid  the  darkest  hour, 
And  shouted  death  to  rebel  foes 

.\mid  the  shot's  de-troying  shower. 
The  echoes  of  the  words  they  spoke 

By  hearth  and  home  are  lingering  yet. 
Love  crowns  them  with  enduring  grace, 

The  love  which  never  can  forget. 

Beneath  the  turf  pale  hands  are  crossed 

Above  each  silent  faithful  heart  — 
True  hands  and  good —  that  were  .so  strong 

.\nd  bore  so  well  their  noble  part. 
True  hands  ihat  proudly  held  aloft 

The  musket  tip|jcd  with  basttnei  bright, 
.-\nd  to  itching  with  deathless  power  — 

With  a  firm  strength  —  a  hero's  might. 


Guard  tlieir  unconquered  feet  —  we  know 

How  proud  and  brave  they  marched  away, 
.\mid  our  farewells  and  huzzas, 

With  stars  and  stripes  and  banners  gay  — 
We  know  how  firmly  and  how  true 

Thev  stood  upon  the  crimson  field  ; 
They  walked  'mid  carnage  and  'mid  flame. 

But  never  to  the  foe  did  yield. 

We  miss  their  homeward  coming  steps 

That  stand  not  on  the  threshold  more  : 
No  future  time  shall  bring  them  back, 

Or  win  them  from  the  silent  shore. 
Give  to  these  quiet  feet  fond  care 

Brave  sentinel  !  and  ever  keep 
With  faithful  vigilance  thy  watch 

Above  our  martyred  heroes'  sleep. 

Not  only  for  the  Spring's  bright  days 

Claim  we  for  them  thy  kindly  care  — 
Nor  for  the  golden  Summer  hours. 

When  Earth  her  coronals  doth  wear.         j,   j    1 
Nor  for  the  Autumn  time  when  wave 

Banners  of  gold  and  crimson  hew, 
And  trees  and  shrubs  so  gaily  don 

Their  russet  mantle,  fair  to  view. 

But  in  the  Winter,  too  —  when  streams 

Have  hushed  their  songs  of  melody. 
When  Nature's  myriad  voices  cease 

And  leafless  stands  each  forest  tree  — 
When  echoes  weird  and  spirit-like 

Float  mournfully  upon  the  wind 
And  ice  and  snow  hold  carnival 

As  with  strong  chains  the  earth  they  bind. 

In  the  glad  morning,  when  the  dawn 

Comes  forth  to  wake  the  silent  bird  — 
When  woodland  minstrelsy  floats  out 

.\nd  blithely  on  the  hilLs  is  heard  ; 
In  the  hot  noon  tide  — ■  in  the  hour 

Whose  calmness  breathes  of  peace  and  Heaven 
And  soothes  unrest  with  whisperings 

To  its  own  holy  moments  given. 

When  quiet  stars  are  looking  down 

Upon  the  joy  and  woe  of  life  ; 
In  solemn  midnight,  when  is  hushed 

The  voice  of  toil,  and  care,  and  strife. 
In  mystic  darkness  —  when  the  skies 
Of  blue  their  wonted  luster  lack  — 

Keep  then  with  tenderness  and  trust 

Thy  silent,  faithful  bivouac. 

They  are  thy  comrades  — whose  white  tents 

Are  folded  here,  but  pitched  again 
Beneath  a  great  Commander's  eye 

Upon  a  vast  and  boundless  plain. 
There  sounds  no  <iin  of  battle  there  — 

Xo  war  cloud  comes  iis  li_L;lil  lo  dim  ; 
Fure  is  its  Summer  aii  —  and  I'eace 

Chants  there  her  sweet  eternal  hymn,  .j 


420 


HISTORT   OF   PEORIA   COUNTY. 


Tjrp*  of  our  heroes  !     To  our  souls 

A  living  presence  thou  dost  seem, 
The  might  of  Genius  hallows  thee, 

Fair  effluence  of  the  sculptor's  dream. 
Shall  not  the  sunlight  wake  thy  voice 

As  Memnon's  statue  woke  of  old 
On  some  fair  morning  —  when  its  rays 

Baptize  iljee  in  a  flood  of  gold  ? 

Oh  !  sweet  the  fancy —  that  from  Heaven 
A  vital  power  may  yet  descend 

And  to  thy  lips,  ami  cheek,  and  brow, 
The  grace  of  thought  and  feeling  lend. 


That  thy  grand  ministry  of  love 
May  win  the  gift  of  life  for  thee  — 

That  with  thy  comrades,  thou  may'sl  wear 
The  Clown  of  Immortality. 

Then  watch  thou  I     Till  the  angel's  trump 

Shall  wake  earth's  silent  sleepers,  stand  ! 
Till  the  Great  Captain's  voice  is  heard 

In  mighty  and  supreme  command. 
Bidding  the  land  and  sea  restore 

Earth  given  to  earth,  and  dust  to  dust, 
Then  —  ceas«  thy  vigils  —  then  yield  up 

Our  patriot  dead  —  thy  precious  trust. 


At  the  conclusion  of  the  reading  of  the  poem,  the  benediction  was  pronounced  by 
Rev.  John  Benson,  and  the  crowd  dispersed.  In  the  afternoon  of  the  same  day  impres- 
sive exercises  were  held  at  the  Soldiers'  Monument  in  the  Court-house  square,  with  an 
eloquent  address  by  Col.  R.  G.  Ingersoll. 

DECOKATION    DAY. 

About  1872,  Mrs.  Curtenius  removed  to  New  York,  and  as  the  Society  wished  to  per- 
petuate its  existence  for  the  ])arpose  of  securing  the  observance  of  Decoration  .Day  from 
year  to  year.  Mrs.  Alex.  G.  Tyng  was  elected  to  fill  the  vacancy  made  by  her  absence. 
Mrs.  George  A.  Wilson  was  elected  Secretary.  These  oflBcers  are  still  at  their  posts.  A 
donation  of  four  condemned  pieces  of  artillery  was  secured  from  the  Government  and 
stand  to  mark  the  corners  of  the  soldier's  lot  at  Springdale.  At  the  annual  call  of  the 
President  the  women  of  this  society  meet  with  unabated  interest,  and,  with  the  co-oper- 
ation of  a  committee  of  gentlemen,  made  arrangements  for  the  proper  oliservance  of  this 
day.  Wliilc  these  ladies  live  the  soldiers'  graves  will  never  be  neglected  or  foigotten,  and 
we  do  not  doubt  that  as  their  ranks  are  thinned  i)y  death  or  removal  others  will  come  for- 
ward to  do  the  work.  At  these  times  not  only  are  the  graves  on  the  soldier's  lot  decor- 
ated with  flags  and  flowers,  but  also  those  of  ever3'  soldier,  officer,  and  private,  buried  in 
Springdale  cemetery.  On  the  morning  of  Decoration  Day  this  sad  and  yet  pleasant  office 
is  performed  hy  a  committee  of  ladies  from  this  society,  who,  with  their  own  bands,  place 
these  tokens  of  loving  remembrance  upon  the  soldier's  graves,  before  the  exercises  at  the 
soldiers'  lot  in  the  afternoon. 

It  is  but  a  deserved  tril)ute  in  this  connection  to  mention  the  name  of  Mrs.  Hetty 
H.  Easton  one  of  the  most  devoted  workers  ot  the  League  from  its  liirth,  and  always  one 
of  this  committee  to  <lecorate  the  scattered  graves  of  the  soldiers.  To  her,  a  soldier's 
grave  is  a  hallowed  spot.  Tliere  are  over  sixty  in  different  parts  of  the  cemetery.  A 
record  of  these  graves  is  earefuUj"  preserved  and  the  name  of  every  new  soldier  who  dies 
is  faithfully  added,  for  the  guidance  of  those  into  whose  bands  it  will  fall  wiien  we,  too, 
have  finished  life's  battle. 

[Asa  fitting  close  to  this  cha[iter.  the  following  Itcautiful  seiitinii'iit  spoken  i»y  one 
whose  gifted  elmiuence  is  not  alone  admired  and  honored  l)y  the  people  among  whom  he 
lived  for  so  many  years,  but  throughout  the  civilized  and  educated  world,  is  deemed 
exceedingly  appropriate. — Ed.] 

"  These  heroes  are  dead.  They  died  for  liberty  —  they  died  for  us.  They  are  at 
rest.  They  sleep  in  the  land  they  made  free,  luuler  the  flag  they  rendered  stainless, 
under  the  solemn  pines,  the  sad  hemlocks,  the  tearful  willows,  and  the  embracing  vines. 
They  sleep  beneath  tiic  shadows  of  the  clouds,  careless  alike  of  sunshine  or  of  storm,  each 
in  the  windowless  i)alace  of  Rest.  Earth  nniy  run  red  with  other  wars — they  are  at 
pence.     In  the  midst  of  battle,  in  the  roar  of  conflict,  they  found  tlie  serenity  of  death. " 


HISTORY   OF   PEORIA  COUNTY.  -J21 


CHAPTER   XIV. 

EDUCATIONAL   INTERESTS. 

Little  Provision  for  Schools  in  early  times  —  School  Commissioners,  School  Superintendents  —  Women  Superin- 
tendents—  Weekly  Institutes  —  The  Centennial  Exhibit  —  Order  for  Building  First  School-house  —  A  Queer 
Document. 

In  1819,  when  the  little  colony  of  emigrants  from  Shoal  creek  came  to  Fort  Clark, 
tliere  was  not  a  buildinsr  in  all  the  the  territory  included  in  the  great  State  of  Illinois 
worth}'  of  the  name  of  a  school-house.  Now,  after  a  little  more  than  half  a  century  from 
the  date  of  that  settlement,  there  are  thousands  of  them,  from  the  ordinary  frame  structure 
of  one  room  and  one  story,  to  magnificent  brick  and  stone  edifices  of  two,  three  and  four 
stories,  with  numerous  departments,  and  colleges  and  seminaries  equal  in  all  respects  to 
the  colleges  and  other  institutions  of  learning  in  any  of  the  older  States.  In  this  county 
alone  there  are  one  hundred  and  sixty  school-houses  of  different  grades  of  excellence. 

For  a  good  many  years  after  the  settlement  of  the  country  of  the  Peorias  commenced 
at  Fort  Clark,  there  were  no  school-houses,  nor  school  districts,  nor  school  money.  Edu- 
cational affairs,  like  every  thing  else,  was  in  chaos,  without  form  and  void,  for  the  coun- 
try was  a  wilderness,  and  the  pioneer  fathers  were  left  to  to  their  own  resources  and 
management. 

As  settlements  advanced  and  schools  were  desired,  a  central  location  as  to  the  neigli- 
borhood  and  convenience  of  the  scholars  was  selected  and  a  log  school-house  erected. 
Each  settler  who  had  children  large  enough  to  go  to  school,  volunteered  a  certain  amount 
of  work  toward  its  erection.  In  no  case  was  the  school-house  lai-ge  or  pretentious.  One 
window  in  each  side  of  the  structure  furnished  light — that  is,  if  tlie  settlers  had  money 
enough  to  buy  the  sash  and  glass.  If  not,  greased  paper  supplied  the  place  of  glass,  and 
just  as  likely  as  not  a  part  of  a  log  was  cut  out  of  each  side  of  the  building,  and  greased 
paper  fastened  over  the  aperture,  made  to  serve  as  a  window.  Tliere  was  a  puncheon 
door  in  one  end  of  the  building,  and  a  mud  and  stick,  or  sod  chimney  aad  earthen  fire- 
place in  the  other  end.  The  seats  were  made  from  puncheons,  or  a  suitably  sized  tree, 
cut  to  the  desired  length,  and  then  halved,  i.  e.,  split  in  two.  The  split  sides  were 
dressed  down  witli  a  broad-axe.  Holes  were  bored  near  the  ends  of  the  rounded  sides, 
witli  an  incli-and-a-half  or  two-inch  auger,  and  pins  driven  in  for  supports.  Writing 
"  benches  "  or  desks  were  made  by  boring  slanting  holes  in  the  logs  of  the  building,  in 
which  supports  or  arms  were  driven,  and  on  which  a  wide  plank  or  puncheon,  with  the 
upper  side  dressed  smooth,  was  laid,  and  held  in  place  by  a  shoulder  that  was  cut  on  the 
lower  ends  of  the  supports.  This  completed  the  furniture,  uuless,  perhaps,  an  old  splint- 
bottomed  cliair  was  added  for  the  teacher. 

The  principal  books  were  Webster's  elementary  spelling  book,  the  English  reader  — 
the  best  reader  ever  used  in  American  schools  —  Daball's  or  Talbot's  aritlimetic,  Morse's 
geography  and  Kirkham's  grammar  ;  hence,  the  course  of  study  was  orthography,  read- 
ing, writing,  arithmetic,  English  grammar  and  geography. 

Orthography  was  the  first  great  principle  of  education,  for  the  people  in  tliose  days 
were  of  the  ojjinion  that  no  one  could  ever  become  a  good  reader  or  a  good  writer  unless 
he  was  a  good  speller,  and,  as  a  consequence,  children  who  were  ambitious  to  become 
good  scholars  and  aspired  to  become  men  and  women  of  note,  were  anxious  to  become 
good  spellers  ;  and  no  higher  honor  could  be  bestowed  upon  a  girl  or  boy  than  to  say 
they  were  the  best  spellers  in  the  neighborhood.     Spelling  schools  or  spelling  matches  — 


4-2-2  TIISTORY   OF   PKOniA    POUNTY 

who  of  us  don't  remember  them  ? —  were  frequent.  But  wliy  flistress  oH  fogi/  rainds  hy 
recalling  those  liapjiy  days,  wlien  they  met  at  tite  old  loc  scliool-houses.  diose  their  cap- 
tains, tlie  best  spellers,  who  would  toss  up  the  master's  rule  for  first  choice,  and  then 
"  choosf  up"  their  lieutenants,  commencing  with  the  ones  rejrarded  as  the  best  spellers, 
or,  more  likely,  the  prettiest  girls,  without  regard  to  their  orthographical  excellence,  and 
so  on,  until  all  the  boys  and  girls  were  arranged  on  benches  on  opposite  sides  of  the 
house.  Then  tiie  fun  began.  The  "master"  "gave  out"  the  words  from  side  to  side. 
How  quickly  a  '•  missed  "  word  would  i)e  caught  up  I  Tiiose  were  happy  days,  and  days 
that  are  sacred  in  the  memory  of  the  gray-haired  fathers  who  took  j>art  in  the  exercises. 
It  would  be  a  jjlcasing  reHection  to  them  to  know  tiiat  their  children,  their  children's 
children  and  the  children  of  their  neighbors,  were  permitted,  iiy  the  modern  system  of 
education,  to  indulge  in  the  same  kind  of  old-fashioned  spelling  schools. 

The  school  system  of  the  spelling-school  period,  and  even  up  until  within  a  few 
years  ago,  in  many  localities,  was  fully  described  in  the  back-woods  vernacular  of  "  Pete 
Jones,"  in  "  Eggleston's  Hoosier  Schoolmaster,"  "lickin"  and  learnin',"  the  "lickin' " 
being  the  in(lispeiisal)l('  requisite.  The  perfect,  or  ideal  teacher  of  those  days  was  a  man 
of  strong  muscular  development,  an  imijerious  form,  a  sonorous  voice  charged  with  terror, 
punctual  in  bringing  "hickories"  into  the  school-house,  and  a  liberal  disposition  to  use 
them  as  book  application». 

But  all  these  things  are  changed  now.  A  log  school-house  in  Illinois  is  a  rarity. 
Their  places  are  filled  with  handsome  frame  and  brick  structures.  The  rude  furniture 
of  primitive  times  has  given  way  to  seats  and  desks  combined.  The  old  books  have  fol- 
lowed the  old  teachers  into  retirement,  and  both  are  superseded  by  others  of  greater 
pretensions,  if  not  of  greater  merit.  The  old  spelling  cla.sses  and  spelling  matches  have 
followed  the  old  log  school-houses  until,  with  rare  exceptions,  they  are  remembered  only 
in  name. 

Of  her  school  system  Illinois  can  justly  boast.  It  is  a  pride  and  a  credit  to  the 
adopted  home  of  the  great  men  this  State  has  sent  out  as  rulers  and  representative  men 
—  men  like  Lincoln,  Douglas,  Grant,  Shields,  Lovejoy,  Vates,  Wiishburn,  Ingersoll,  and 
hundreds  of  others  whose  names  are  as  familiar  abroad  as  they  are  in  the  histories  of  the 
counties  and  neighborhoods  where  once  they  liveil. 

While  the  Slate  has  extended  such  fostering  care  to  the  interests  of  education,  the 
several  counties  have  been  no  less  zealous  ami  watchful  in  the  management  of  this  vital 
interest.  And  Peoria  county  forms  no  exception  to  tiie  rule.  The  school-houses  and 
their  furnishings  are  in  full  keeping  with  the  spirit  of  the  law  that  provides  for  their 
maintenance  and  support.  The  teachers  rank  high  among  the  other  thousands  of  teach- 
ers in  the  Slate,  and  the  .several  county  superintendents,  since  the  office  of  superin- 
tendent was  nuide  a  part  of  the  school  system,  have  been  chosen  with  especial  reference 
to  their  tilness  for  the  position. 

Like  the  settlement  of  the  county,  the  schools  commenced  at  Fort  Clark,  or  Peoria. 
As  already  indicated,  the  first  schools  were  subscription  schools,  and  very  naturally  there 
are  no  records  left  to  guide  the  writer  in  this  part  of  his  work.  The  true  liistory  of 
these  schools  is  burietl  beneath  the  debris  of  time. 

In  1H7(),  President  M.  (tregory,  of  the  Illinois  Industrial  University,  of  Champaign, 
issued  a  cir<:uiar  to  the  teachers  and  friends  of  education  thnmghout  the  State,  soliciting 
historical  sketches  of  the  schools  of  the  several  counties.  In  response  to  that  request, 
the  following  article  was  prepared,  which  is  our  only  guide  to  the  history  of  the  pioneer 
school  of  the  county  : 

"  The  early  French  history  of  Peoria  is  so  obscure  that  neither  in  tradition  or  fact 
can  be  found  anytliiuL;  reliable  about  the  educational  efforts  made  by  the  early  mission- 
aries and  voyaijcum  on  that  suitject.  In  his  diary  Father  Hennepin  rejoiced  that  he  had 
baptised  one  infant  into  his  church  in  the  Illinois  valley. 


HISTORY   OF   PEORTA   COUNTY.  423 

"  Although  Peoria  was  settled  by  the  French  as  early  as  January  1,  1680,  we  find  no 
account  of  schools  nor  other  evidences  of  modern  civilization.  At  one  time  several 
hundreds  of  French  and  Indians  occupied  the  upper  and  lower  villages  of  Peoria.  No 
traces  of  an  agricultural  character  remained  after  the  destruction  of  their  village  by 
Captain  Craig,  November,  1812  ;  no  fruit  trees,  shrubbery,  or  grape  vines,  except  the  wild 
grape,  to  support  the  tradition  that  at  one  time  several  barrels  of  wine  were  made  and 
shipped  to  France,  unless  it  was  made  from  the  wild  grape,  which  grew  in  abundance 
along  the  river  bluffs.  And  as  almost  all  the  early  F'rench  convejances  to  quiet  title 
under  the  act  of  Congress,  approved  iMarcli  4,  1823,  were  signed  by  marks,  clear  evidence 
that  the  conveyancers  could  not  write,  and  hence  the  conclusion  tliat  no  provision  was 
made  for  schools. 

*•  The  first  school  in  any  part  of  the  county,  was  taught  at  Fort  Clark  by  a  man 
named  Peter  Grant,  al)out  1821  or  1822.  The  school  was  necessarily  small,  and  the 
teaclier  was  paid  by  subscription  at  so  much  per  quarter  for  each  scholar.  Grant  subse- 
quentl}'  removed  to  Lewistown,  Illinois,  and  afterwards  to  Palmyra,  j\Iissouri,  wliere  he 
died  about  1810.     Bej'ond  this  brief  statement  tliere  are  no  particulars. 

"  The  next  school,  about  1823  or  1824,  was  taught  by  Isaac  Essex,  who  was  appointed 
teacher  to  the  Indians  by  Rev.  Jesse  Walker,  the  hero  of  Methodism  in  Illinois. 
Although  this  school  was  intended  more  especially  for  Indian  children,  white  children 
were  permitted  to  attend. 

"FIKST   FEMALE   TEACHER. 

"  The  first  school  taught  by  a  woman  was  in  1826,  one  year  after  the  county  was 
organized.  Of  this  school,  Mrs.  Maria  Harkness,  wife  of  James  P.  Harkness,  of  Elm- 
wood,  and  daughter  of  Isaac  Waters,  who  was  the  teacher,  says : 

" '  In  .May,  1826.  as  was  then  the  custom,  I  wrote  out  an  article  of  agreement  proposing  to  leach  a  school  at 
Peoria,  as  Fort  Clark  had  then  come  to  be  called,  and  enumerating  the  branches  I  proposed  to  teach  —  spelling, 
reading,  writing,  arithmetic,  geography,  and  needle-work,  at  one  dollar  and  fifty  cents  per  scholar  for  a  term  of  three 
months  and  board,  as  the  teachers  in  those  d.tys  boarded  around  among  the  patrons  of  schools.  Thirty  scholars  were 
.subscribed,  and  I  had  an  average  daily  attendance  of  twenty-four.  My  patrons  were  Judge  Latham,  then  Indian 
agent;  Dr.  Asahel  Langworthy  ;  Joseph  Ogee,  Indian  interpreter;  John  L.  Bogardus,  attorney  at  law;  John  Dixon, 
county  clerk  ;  John  Parker,  the  ferryman  ;  George  .Sharp,  William  and  Abner  Lads,  Captain  Joseph  Moftatt,  and 
Isaac  Waters.  The  school  was  commenced  in  a  log  cabin  owned  by  William  Holland,  the  village  blacksmith,  where 
it  was  continued  one  week,  when,  because  there  were  no  windows  and  no  light,  except  from  the  open  door,  il  was 
opened  the  second  week,  and  the  term  completed,  in  Ogee's  new  hewed  log  cabin,  which  was  afterwards  used  as  a 
court-house.' 

"  Mrs.  Harkness  also  furnished  the  following  statement  in  regard  to  the  first  schools 
in  Trivoli  and  Elmwood  townships. 

"'The  first  school  in  Trivoli  township  was  taught  by  Miss  Ruth  Waters,  in  a  log  cabin  built  by  Isaac,  Daniel, 
and  James  P.  Harkness,  my  husband.  In  Elmwood  township  the  first  school  was  taught  by  Miss  Elira  Rowley,  near 
the  village  of  Southport.'  " 

This  is  all  we  find  in  regard  to  the  early  first  schools  in  the  localities  named,  and 
was  the  beginning  of  that  system,  whicli,  fostered  and  encouraged  from  tiiat  time  to  the 
present,  makes  the  educational  advantages  of  Peoria  county  pre-eminently  praiseworthy, 
and  renders  the  county  a  desirable  home  for  parents  who  wish  to  bestow  upon  their 
children  a  first-class  common  school  or  commercial  education. 

Like  tlie  settlement  of  the  county,  the  progress  of  schools  was  slow.  In  18o2  there 
were  less  than  fifty  houses,  all  told  in  Peoria.  Part  of  these  Were  business  houses,  and  of 
course  there  was  but  a  small  population,  and  not  more  than  enough  children  for  an  ordi- 
nary school.  Back  from  Peoria,  settlements  were  few  and  far  between,  and  schools  and 
school-houses  unknown  until  about  1834-5-6,  In  1831,  however,  a  law  was  passed  requir- 
ing the  County  Commissioners  of  each  county  to  appoint  a  commissioner  to  sell  the 
school  lands.  In  1840  the  powers  and  duties  of  the  school  commissioner  were  increased 
and  it  was  made  his  duty  to  distribute  the  school  fund  to  the  treasui-ers  of  the  several 


424  HISTORY   OF   PKORIA    roUNTY. 

townships.     In  1841  the  hiw  wa:;  again  amenflod  ami  tlie   oflfice  of  school  commissioner 
was  made  elective  by  the  people. 

In  lS4o  it  was  made  the  duty  of  the  commissioner  to  enforce  any  system  of  schools 
proposed  hy  the  State  Superintendent,  and  to  examine  all  teachers  who  were  employed 
in  the  public  schools  ot  their  respective  counties,  in  orthography,  reading  in  English, 
writing,  geography',  arithmetic,  English  grammar  and  the  historj-  of  the  United  States. 
This  law  was  in  force  four  years  when  it  was  again  amended  (in  1849)  making  the  com- 
missioner ex-jffici"  County  Superintendent  of  Schools ;  and  it  was  also  made  his  duty,  by 
this  amendment,  in  addition  to  the  duties  previously  imposed,  to  visit  every  township  in 
his  county,  to  exaniinc  teachers,  to  advise  with  each  school  oflBcer,  to  prepare  and  submit 
to  the  State  Superintendent,  a  report  of  all  the  schools  of  the  county. 

When  the  general  free  school  law  passed  by  the  Legislature  in  18o."j,  the  oflBce  was 
retained,  and  the  officer  still  designated  School  Commissioner,  his  duties  and  responsi- 
bilities largeh"  increased,  and  their  character  in  many  respects,  materially  changed,  while 
the  compensation  was  allowed  to  remain  inadsquate,  as  it  had  bei-n  from  the  beginning. 
After  this  last  change  the  office  continued  to  grow  in  importance  and  responsibility,  as 
it  had  never  done  before,  and  the  schools,  not  only  in  Peoria  county,  but  throughout 
the  State,  improved  rapidly. 

NoTK.  —  The  first  School  Commissioner  was  Andrew  M.  Hunt,  who  was  appointed 
by  the  County  Commissioners  at  their  March  meeting,  183:'..  He  held  the  office  until 
June,  18.37,  when  he  was  succeeded  by  Charles  Ketelle.  Mr.  Ketelle  served  under 
appointment  until  the  office  was  made  elective- in  1H41.  In  August  of  that  year  he  was 
elected  by  the  people  ;  re-elected  in  August  184:},  and  continued  to  serve  until  June  o, 
1848,  when  he  resigned.  In  August,  1848,  Clark  B.  Stebbinswas  elected  to  fill  out  the 
unexpired  term,  and  November  6, 1849,  the  time  of  holding  elections  iuiving  been  changed 
he  was  elected  for  a  fidl  term  of  two  j'ears.  His  successor  was  Ephraini  Ilinman,  who 
was  elected  November  4,  18.J1. 

In  186.^,  the  name  of  this  officer,  by  act  of  the  Legislature,  was  changed  to  the  more 
appropriate  one  of  "  County  Superintendent  of  Schools."  The  duties  of  the  office  were 
again  increased  and  rendered  still  more  important  in  their  rehitions  to  the  common 
schools,  and  to  the  general  educational  interests  of  the  several  counties.  This  law  re- 
quired the  Superintendent  to  visit  all  the  schools  of  tiie  county  at  least  once  in  each  year, 
and  oftener  if  practicable,  fixing  his  salary  at  three  dollars  a  day  for  a  time  not  to  exceed 
two  hundred  days  each  year,  together  witii  the  commissions  formerly  allowed  to  the 
school  commissioner  on  the  distribution  of  the  public  fund,  selling  school  lands  and  loan- 
ing the  county  fund  coming  into  his  hands. 

In  18l>7  liie  law  was  again  amiMid(<l  and  the  pir  dii-m  increased  from  three  to  five 
dollars  a  day,  for  services  actually  rendered.  The  good  cfTecl  of  tliis  amendment  soon 
became  apparent  in  the  increased  interest  in  public  school  affairs.  Efficient  superintend- 
ents were  enabled  to  bestow  their  time  and  energies  upon  the  duties  of  tiie  office.  Schools 
were  visitcil,  and  more  time  was  devoted  to  the  examination  of  tcachei-s.  More  and  bet- 
ter Teachers'  Institutes  were  at  once  held  in  almost  all  parts  of  the  State,  and  the  general 
impetus  given  to  the  cause  of  education  wsvs  greater  than  it  had  ever  been  in  the  history 
of  ilie  Illinois  school  .system. 

In  IST-J,  tiie  last  act  of  the  Legislature  above  (juoted  was  amended,  and  the  pay  of 
the  superintendent  reduced  (rmn  five  to  four  dollars  per  day  for  such  number  of  days  as 
the  Hoard  of  Supervisors  or  County  Court  should  allow.  Tiiis  reduction  was  of  question- 
able economy.  Fair  wittjen  and  gtrict  (iccountaln'liti/  is  a  rule  that  should  govern  in  the 
raanagenu-ntOf  all  public  interests.  The  law  re(iuires  that  the  superintendent  shall  ex- 
amine all  the  teachers  in  the  various  branches  authorized  to  be  taught  in  the  common 
schools,  examine  the  boards  of  township  treasurers,  to  assist  in  the  management  of 
Teachei-s'  Institutes,  and   to  labor  in  every  practical  way  to  advance  and  elevate  the 


HISTORY  OF  PEORIA  COUNTY.  425 

standard  of  the  common  schools ;  to  give  advice  in  all  controversies  arising  under  the 
school  law ;  to  receive  and  examine  the  reports  of  township  treasurers  ;  to  prepare  and 
forward  to  the  State  Superintendent  an  annual  report  of  the  condition  of  the  schools, 
and  to  perform  sucli  other  duties  as  are  incumbent  upon  the  office.  Besides  the  duties 
here  enumerated  there  are  innumerable  questions  submitted  to  him  for  consideration  and 
decision.  To  properly  discharge  these  duties  is  a  work  of  no  small  moment,  and  often 
requires  more  time  than  is  allowed.  Instead  of  a  reduction  of  the  pay,  it  ought  to  have 
been  increased;  at  least  fixed  at  a  respectable  living  price.  That  would  have  been 
economy  in  the  strictest  sense.  At  reduced  wages  men  well  qualified  for  the  duty  of 
superintendent  can  not  afford  to  accept  the  office  without  a  pecuniary  sacrifice.  To  sub- 
mit the  office  of  superintendent  to  men  who  are  not  well  qualified  as  educators,  is  to  im- 
pair the  efficiency  of  the  school  system  and  the  success  of  free  schools.  Men  well  quali- 
fied for  the  duties  of  the  office  can  readily  enter  other  departments  of  educational  inter- 
ests at  more  remunerative  salaries  than  the  law  gives  to  County  Superintendents.  Time 
and  history  will  prove  the  truth  of  these  remarks. 

WOMEN   SUPERINTENDENTS. 

In  1873,  ten  ladies  were  elected  County  Superintendents  of  Schools.  Five  of  these 
were  present  at  the  Chicago  meeting  of  the  State  Association  of  County  Superintendents, 
on  the  28th  and  29th  of  December,  1874.  These  five  were  Mrs.  Sarah  C.  Mcintosh,  of 
Will  county  ;  Miss  Mary  Allen  West,  of  Knox  county  ;  Miss  Mary  W.  Whiteside  (now 
the  wife  of  E.  Emery,  Esq.,  editor  of  the  Transcript),  of  Peoria  county  ;  Mrs.  Mary  E. 
Gary,  of  Boone  county  ;  and  Mrs.  Mary  L.  Carpenter,  of  Winnebago  county.  In  speak- 
ing of  their  election  and  their  presence  at  that  meeting.  State  Superintendent  Bateman 
said  in  his  report  for  1873-4 :  "  Their  excellent  cfficial  record  in  this  office  warrants  the 
belief  that  the}-  severally  acquitted  themselves  with  credit."  Miss  Whiteside  acted  as 
secretary  of  the  meeting  quoted,  an  honor  to  her  and  the  people  by  whom  she  was  elected. 

Again  the  Superintendent  says  :  "  When  Marj'  W.  Whiteside  presented  her  plan  of 
conducting  Township  Institutes,  it  was  evident  she  was  working  upon  the  same  idea  in 
the  series  of  '  popular  '  institutes  she  was  holding  throughout  the  county  on  Saturdays. 
Parents  and  school  officers  were  being  drawn  more  and  more  into  the  discussion  of 
methods  and  defects.  Much  general  interest  had  been  excited.  This  will  naturall}^  re- 
sult in  a  demand  for  a  higher  standard  of  excellence  in  the  teacher,  and  at  the  same  time 
a  more  intelligent  appreciation  of  his  value." 

WEEKLY   INSTITUTES. 

The  honor  of  founding  the  institutes  mentioned  in  the  above  paragraph,  and  known 
as  the  Saturday  Township  Institutes,  belongs  to  Mrs.  Emery,  nee  Whiteside.  She  com- 
menced this  work  in  the  first  year  (1873)  of  her  administration  as  County  Superintend- 
ent of  Schools.  One  of  these  institutes,  or  meetings  of  superintendent  and  teachers,  is 
held  on  Saturday  in  some  one  of  the  townships,  during  the  Fall  and  Winter  terms  of 
schools.  These  institutes  are  considered  very  important  auxiliaries  in  school  work,  as 
they  bring  the  superintendent,  teachers,  pupils  and  parents  in  frequent  contact,  and  make 
each  acquainted  with  the  desires,  wants,  intentions  and  purposes  of  the  other,  as  relates 
to  school  interests  and  school  duties.  The  institutes  are  generally  well  attended,  and  a 
lively  interest  manifested  in  them  b}'  all  present.  The  line  of  work  consists  of  papers 
and  discussions  thereon  by  teachei^s,  class-exercises,  questions  and  replies,  etc.  Miss 
Whiteside  also  inaugurated  the  system  of  a  general  public  examination  of  pupils  through- 
out the  county  once  each  year  on  a  given  day.  It  is  safe  to  say  that  Miss  W.  was  one  of 
the  most  faithful,  industrious,  and  enterprising  local  school  officers  known  in  the  history  of 
Illinois  schools. 

In  1874  Miss  Whiteside  reported  : 

28 


426  HISTORY   OF   PEORIA   COUNTY. 

"  Peoria  connty  represents  a  free  school  population  of  9,993  pupils  enrolled,  and  an  outlay  of  1128,887.67  for 
the  support  of  free  »chools  the  past  year.  Besides  this  the  Board  of  Supervisors  voted  $4,900  for  the  support  of  our 
County  Normal  School  the  coming  year. 

"There  are  fourteen  graded  schools  in  the  county,  of  these  the  city  of  Peoria  contains  seven. with  an  enrollment  of 
3,427  pupils,  and  a  corps  of  55  teachers.  The  High  School  of  Peoria  numbers  150  pupils,  and  its  course  of  study 
compares  favorably  with  those  of  older  and  larger  cities. 

"  Elmwood  has  a  high  school,  and  live  departments  in  its  grammar  and  primary  schools. 

"Chillicothehas  a  high  school  and  four  departments. 

"  Brimfield  has  four  departments  ;  Princeville,  three  ;  Lawn  Ridge,  two  ;  Kingston,  two  ;  Rochester,  two. 

"  The  public  spirit  and  intelligent  appreciation  of  the  American  free  school  system,  which  ]  rovides  so  com- 
pletely for  an  education  of  all  the  people,  paid  for  by  all  the  people,  are  unmistakably  evident  in  all  parts  of  the  county 
in  substantial  school-houses,  often  handsome  edifices,  built  at  considerable  cost.  But  with  all  this  liberal  outlay  of 
money  in  providing  school-houses,  models  of  comfort  and  convenience,  a  careful  observer  will  see  one  of  two  serious 
evils  in  almost  ever)-  school  district  in  our  land.  One  is  a  want  of  sympathy  and  confidence  on  the  part  of  parents 
toward  the  teacher.  The  first  of  these  evils  we  are  trying  to  overcome  by  a  general  course  of  institutes  throughout 
the  county,  held  on  Saturdays.  We  held  ten  last  year,  and  I  have  advertised  to  hold  sixteen  this  year.  The  good 
resulting  from  these  popular  meetings  has  been  far  greater  than  I  dared  to  hope  for.  Parents  meet  us  most  heartily 
and  generously.  They  feel  a  new  pride  in,  and  respect  for,  their  teacher  as  he  presents  a  bright  class  or  fine  exercise. 
They  see  that  the  teacher  is  working  for  the  best  interests  of  their  children,  and  as  they  understand  better  his  meth- 
ods and  aims,  they  are  led  to  a  higher  appreciation  of  his  efforts,  and  this  appreciation,  in  turn,  animates  the  teacher 
to  nobler  endeavors.  Another  valuable  feature  of  our  meetings  is  the  individual  improvement  in  each  teacher  who 
presents  a  paper  or  exercise,  for  the  close  concentration  of  thought  and  reading  on  a  given  topic  results  in  positive 
strength  in  that  direction.  And  such  is  the  cordial  co-operation  of  the  teachers  in  this  effort  for  their  improvement, 
that  I  have  always  obtained  from  four  to  six  carefully  prepared  exercises  at  each  session.  *         »         •         • 

"  There  are  comparatively  few  colored  children  in  this  county,  and  they  are  quietly  allowed  the  same  rights  and 
privileges  as  the  while  children." 

In  concluding  her  report,  Miss  Whiteside  added  :  "  The  Board  of  Supervisors  allow 
me  two  hundred  and  fiftj-  days  at  four  dollars  per  day.  They  also  allow  lue  one  hundred 
dollars  per  year  for  office  rent,  and  they  generously  granted  me  seventy  dollars  I  iisked 
for  to  free  our  '  drill '  from  debt.  Tiiese  allowances  made  a  sum  total  of  #1,170.  Since 
the  completion  of  the  present  Court-house  rent  is  avoided,  for  handsome  and  convenient 
quarters  were  provided  in  the  lower  part  of  the  building  for  the  Superintendent." 

Mr.  J.  E,  Pillsbury,  the  present  incumbent  of  tlie  office,  was  elected  in  November, 
1877,  and  entered  upon  the  duties  of  the  office  the  following  December.  He  had  pre- 
viously been  connected  with  the  city  schools,  having  been  principal  of  the  Second  Dis- 
trict school  for  more  than  twelve  years. 

School  statistics  compiled  from  Superintendent  Pillsbury's  report,  including  the 
months  from  Oct.,  1878,  to  June  30,  1879 : 

Number  of  males  under  21  years  of  age -.. 13.781 

Number  of  females  under  21  years  of  age 12,718-25,499 

Number  of  males  between  the  ages  of  band  21 8,851 

Number  of  females  between  the  ages  ol  6  and  21 8,758-17,619 

Number  of  school  districts - 158 

Number  of  districts  having  school  five  months  or  more IS8 

Number  of  public  schools 161 

Whole  number  nf  months  of  school 1,209 

Average  number  of  months  of  school 7.4 

Number  of  male  pupils  enrolled 5.480 

Number  of  females  enrolled 5,334-10,814 

Number  of  male  teachers  employed 114 

Number  of  female  teachers  employed 221-      335 

Number  of  months  taught  by  male  teachers -.-- --.- ... 62S*.3 

Numl)er  of  months  taught  by  female  teachers '.34S-I.970^ 

Grand  total    number  of  days  attendance ....-- 1,090,744 

Number  of  gradc<l  schools .-.. IS 

Number  of  months  taught  in  graded   schools 837 

Number  of  ungrailed  schools 148 

Number  of  months  taught  in  ungraded  schools >i>33  5i 

Number  of  public  high  schools 2 

Number  of  school-houses  built  during  the  year I 

Whole  number  of  school-houses  in  the  county 160 

Number  of  stone  school-houses .-... I 

Number  of  brick  scliool-houies VJ 


HISTORY   OF  PEORIA  COUNTY.  427 

Number  of  frame  school-houses 1 26-161 

Number  of  private  schools 7 

Male  pupils  in  private  schools.  _ _  866 

Female  pupils  in  private  schools 822 — 1,688 

Number  of  teachers  in  private  schools 34 

Number  of  districts  having  libraries. 16 

Number  of  volumes  bought  during  the  year  for  district  libraries 102 

Whole  number  of  volumes  in  district  libraries 1.750 

FINANCIAL   STATISTICS. 

Balance  in  treasury  October  I,  1S78. $  38,857  59 

Amount  of  State  and  county  funds  received  from  County  Superintendent 19.729  07 

Amount  of  fines  and  forfeitures  received  from  County  Superintendent 108  78 

Amount  of  interest  on  township  fund  received 3.526  85 

Amount  of  special  district  taxes  received 72,735  55 

Amount  received  from  sale  of  school  property 2,172  56 

Amount  from  district  bonds  to  pay  outstanding  indebtedness lS,ooo  00 

Amount  from  railroad  and  other  back  taxes 1,484  04 

Amount  from  tuition. _ 292  31 

Amount  from  treasurer  Union  district - -  485  80 

Total  amount  received  during  the  year  ending  June  30,  1879 $1 57i392  55 

Amount  paid  to  male  teachers $  26,789  59 

Amount  paid  to  female  teachers 49.145  82 

Whole  amount  paid  to  teachers — — 75i935  4' 

Amount  paid  for  new  school  houses _ I1295  00 

Amount  paid  for  school  sites  and  grounds 160  00 

Amount  paid  for  repairs  and  improvements  _ -.  6,016  34 

Amount  paid  for  school  furniture _  2,324  50 

Amount  paid  for  school  apparatus 518  45 

Amount  paid  for  books  for  district  library SB  73 

Amount  paid  for  fuel  and  other  incidental  expenses 5.27S  68 

Amount  paid  township  treasurers  for  services 2,034  05 

Amount  of  interest  paid  on  district  bonds. 2.135  27 

Amount  paid  on  principal  of  district  bonds _ 19,785  30 

Amount  paid  on  outstanding  indebtedness  by  new  issue  of  bonds 100  00 

Miscellaneous. 5.320  79 

Amount  paid  janitors -  274  37 

Music. 150  00 

Insurance - 12  50 

Amount   paid  treasurer  Union  district 199  28 

Total  expenditures  for  the  year  ending  June  30,  1879 $121,634  70 

Balance  on  hand 35,757  85 

Total  of  expenditures  and  balances. .- •?! 57,392  55 

Principal  of  township  fund 56,583  76 

Amount  of  township  fund  loaned 54,903  69 

Amount  loaned  on  personal    security 36,239  73 

Amount  loaned  on  real  estate  security 18,663  9^ 

Average  monthly  wages  paid  male  teachers 45  87^ 

Average  monthly  wages  paid  female  teachers 33   II 

Amount  borrowed  for  building  purposes. 20000 

Amount  of  district  tax  levy  for  support  of  schools _  99,666  24 

Amount  borrowed  to  pay  outstanding  indebtedness 22,700  00 

Estimated  value  of  school  property. 314,605  00 

Estimated  value  of  school  apparatus v 4^126  00 

Estimated  value  of  school  libraries - 2,785  00 

COUNTY   NORMAL   SCHOOL. 

This  institution  was  established  in  1868  by  the  joint  action  of  the  Board  of  County 
Supervisors  and  the  Board  of  School  Inspectors  of  the  city  of  Peoria.  The  object  of  this 
school,  as  with  normal  schools  wherever  they  have  been  established,  was  to  afford  those 
who  intended  becoming  professional  teachers  a  better  opportunity  of  thoroughly  quali- 
fying themselves,  under  the  training  of  old  and  experienced  educators,  for  the  duties  of 
that  honorable  avocation,  than  otherwise  afforded. 

The  committee,  under  whose  management  this  school  was  inaugurated,  was  com- 
posed of  Messrs.  Loren  Wilder,  George  Jenkins  and  Dr.  G.  L.  Lucas  on  the  part  of  the 


428 


niSTORY   OF   PEORIA   COINTT. 


Board  of  Supervisors,  and  B.  L.  T.  Bourhind,  William  F.  Bryan  and  Dr.  John  N.  Niglas 
from  the  City  Board  of  School  Inspectors,  to  which  were  added  N.  E.  Worthington, 
County  Superintendent,  and  Charles  Feinse,  Superintendent  of  City  Schools. 

The  first  business  meeting  of  this  committee  was  held  at  the  oflBce  of  Dr.  Niglas,  on 
the  2oth  of  July,  ISOS.  Present,  Messrs.  Wilder,  Lucas,  Bourland,  Niglas,  Feinse  and 
Worthington.  Dr.  Niglas  was  elected  chairman  and  N.  E.  Worthington  was  chosen 
secretary.  The  selection  of  a  principal  was  discussed,  and  at  a  subsequent  meeting. 
Prof.  S.  H.  White,  of  the  Brown  School,  Chicago,  was  elected  to  be  principal,  and  his 
salary  fixed  at  82,500  a  year.  The  city  provided  the  building  and  defrayed  one-fourth  the 
current  expenses,  and  the  county  three-fourths.  The  school  was  opened  on  the  9th  of 
September,  on  the  lower  floor  of  the  High  School  building,  with  Prof.  S.  H.  White  as 
principal,  with  no  assistant  until  the  opening  of  the  second  term,  when  Miss  Jeanette 
Hannay  was  engaged  as  assistant  and  head  of  the  training  department,  which  was  then 
established. 

The  management  was  under  a  joint  committee  from  the  two  bodies  —  the  Board  of 
Supervisors  and  the  Citj'  Board  of  Education — called  the  Normal  Board.  A  sub-com- 
mittee of  this  board,  consisting  of  one  member  from  each,  and  the  superintendent  of  the 
county  and  city  schools,  with  the  principal,  had  direct  control.  The  last  named  commit- 
tee (the  sub-committee)  was  clothed  with  full  power  to  make  all  purchases,  settle  all 
accounts  and  make  all  needed  regulations. 


RULES   FOB   ADMISSION. 

Applicants  for  admission  to  the  benefits  of  this  school  were  required,  males  to  be  six- 
teen and  females  at  least  fifteen  years  of  age,  and  declare  it  to  be  tiieir  intention  to  be- 
come permanent  teachers,  and,  if  residents  of  the  county,  to  give  preference  to  the 
schools  of  the  county  in  making  engagements  to  teach  ;  liut  pupils  from  other  counties 
were  not  required  to  make  this  pledge.  Applicants  were  also  re(iuired  to  pass  a  satis- 
factory examination  in  spelling,  reading,  arithmetic,  to  per  centage,  the  geography  of 
North  America  and  Europe,  especially  tliat  of  the  United  States,  and  English  grammar 
through  etymologj'.  Especial  attention  was  given  to  the  applicant's  knowledge  of  the 
fundamental  rules  of  arithmetic,  and  his  ability  to  perform  examples  in  them  rapidly  and 
correctly.  A  practical  familiarity  with  the  common  abbreviations,  punctiuition  marks,  and 
the  common  rules  for  the  use  of  capital  letters,  was  also  required. 

COURSE  OF   STUDY. 

The  course  of  study  was  arranged  as  follows : 


Fiiit  Tenn  —  i6  weekk. 

Reading. 

Writing. 

Spelling. 

Grammar. 

Arithmetic. 

U.S.  History.  I  ., 

, .  u  f  A  lem«le. 

Cjeogr»pny.       ( 

Kim  Term  —  i6  wecki. 
Mental  I'hilosopliy. 
Algebni. 
Cjeogranhy. 
Natural  I'hiloiophy. 
Khctoric. 


FIRST    YKAR. 

Second  Term  —  il  week*. 
Reading. 
Spelling. 
Grammar. 
Arithmetic. 
U.  S.  History.  (  ., 
Geography.       f  *"""'•• 

SKCOND   VKAR. 

Second  Term  —  it  weekt. 
Methcxls  uf  Instruction. 
Algebra. 
I'hysiology. 
Zoiilogy. 
Khctoric. 


Third  Term  — 
Reading. 
Spelling. 
Grammar. 
Arithmetic. 
Civil  Government. 
Geogr.tphy. 

Third  Term  — 1»  weeks. 
Methods  of  Instruction. 
Geometry. 
Botany. 

Analysis  of  English   Words. 
Knglish  Literature. 


The  growth  of  the  school  was  gradual.     During  the  firet  year  tlie   total   number  of 


HISTORY   OF  PEORIA   COUNTY.  429 

students  was  fifty-six  ;  average  number,  thirty-one.  During  the  second  year,  the  total 
number  was  sixty-nine  ;  average  number,  thirty-five. 

At  the  end  of  two  j'ears  the  management  of  the  school  passed  to  a  County  Board  of 
Education,  provided  under  an  act  of  the  State  Legislature  approved  March  15,  1869,  in- 
tended for  the  better  and  more  uniform  management  of  normal  schools. 

At  the  beginning  of  each  year  pupils  intending  to  teach  within  a  year,  were  organ- 
ized in  a  class  in  school  economy,  embracing  school  organization,  school  government  and 
other  questions  involved  in  school  management.  Special  classes  were  organized  in  a 
study  whenever  the  number  desiring  to  enter  that  study  was  sufficient  to  justify  the 
course  and  the  number  of  organized  classes  would  permit. 

This  department  was  in  the  same  building  with  the  normal  and  afforded  easy  access 
for  observation  by  the  pupils  of  the  latter.  It  embraced  classes  in  the  first  four  years  of 
the  course  of  study  for  the  public  schools  of  the  city.  Under  the  management  of  the 
training  teacher,  the  pupils  were  introduced  to  the  actual  work  of  school  instruction. 

The  text-books  used  in  the  school  were  Milliard's  Sixth  Reader,  Guyot's  Common 
School  Geography,  Greene's  Grammar,  Hagar's  Common  School  Arithmetic,  Seavey's 
Goodrich's  U.  S.  Ilistory.  Olney's  Complete  School  Algebra,  Olnej^'s  Elements  of  Geom- 
etry, Dalton's  Physiology,  Swinton's  Word  Analysis,  Haven's  Rhetoric,  Gray's  "  How 
Plants  Grow,"  Cooley's  Elements  of  Natural  Philosophy,  Nicholson's  Zoology,  Haven's 
Mental  Philosophy,  Wickersham's  School  Economy,  and  Wickersham's  Methods  of  In- 
struction. 

LIBRARY. 

The  library  contains  four  hundred  and  eighty-five  volumes.  Among  its  works  of 
reference  are  the  revised  edition  of  the  American  Encyclopedia,  Chambers'  and  Zell's 
Encyclopedias,  Webster's  and  Worcester's  Unabridged  Dictionaries,  AUibone's  Dictionary 
of  English  Authors,  Chamber's  Encyclopedia  of  English  Literature,  Lippincott's  Gazet- 
teer, Thomas's  and  Appleton's  Biographical  Dictionaries,  besides  the  works  treating  es- 
pecially of  the  different  studies  taught  in  the  course,  the  leading  works  being  accessible 
to  the  students  at  all  times  for  consultation. 

CABINET. 

The  cabinet  contains  a  human  skeleton,  a  life-size  manikin,  and  other  preparations  in 
papier  mach^,  from  the  celebrated  establishment  of  Auzoux,  in  Paris,  a  full  set  of  the 
Bock-Steger  models,  and  other  appliances  for  use  in  teaching  physiology  It  is  probable 
that  no  other  school  in  the  State,  except  the  medical  colleges,  has  so  large  an  amount  of 
illustrative  material  as  this  for  teaching  this  important  subject. 

For  instruction  in  natural  history  there  is  a  collection  of  skeletons  illustrating  the 
osteology  of  the  classes  and  some  of  the  orders  of  vertebrates,  and  other  preparations.  It 
received  during  the  year  1876,  from  Miss  Emma  Smith,  of  Peoria,  several  cases  illustra- 
ting the  orders  and  some  of  the  families  of  the  insects  of  the  county.  Miss  Smith  col- 
lected and  arranged  these  for  the  school  from  a  desire  to  aid  and  encourage  teachers  in 
studying  one  of  the  most  important  divisions  of  natural  history. 

SUPERVISIOK. 

Appropriations  by  the  County  Board  of  Supervisors,  were  never  adequate  to  the 
proper  maintenance  and  support  of  this  school.  First,  it  was  sought  to  economize  by 
dismissing  one  of  the  teachers.  In  1879  the  Board  made  an  insufficient  appropriation, 
and  the  school  was  suspended  in  June.  This  action  was  influenced,  perhaps,  by  com- 
plaints that  came  up  from  the  country  districts  that  only  the  sons  and  daughters  of  the 
rich  and  well-to-do  of  those  who  were  able  to  defray  the  expense  of  board,  etc.,  in  the 
city  —  were  benefited  by  the    Normal.     There  were  also  some   unfriendly  influences  in 


430  HISTORY   or   PEORIA   COUNTY 

Peoria  that  were  also  brought  to  bear  against  appropriations   for  its  support,  and  the 
doors  of  the  institution  were  allowed  to  be  closed. 

The  Normal  School  building,  proper,  was  built  by  the  citj'  of  Peoria  in  1871.  It  is 
a  two-story  brick  structure,  and  was  erected  at  a  cost  of  $15,000.  It  is  now  used  for 
the  eighth  (Peoria)  district  school. 

PEOBIA  SCHOOL  WORK  AT  THE  CENTEITSIAI-   EXHIBITION. 

Under  the  direction  and  supervision  of  Miss  Whiteside,  a  work  of  three  volumes  was 
prepared  from  the  ungraded  schools  of  the  county  for  the  Centennial  Exposition  at  Phila- 
delphia in  1876.  One  of  these  volumes  contained  specimens  of  penmanship,  spelling  and 
letter-writing,  and  a  second  one  on  arithmetic.  Each  of  these  volumes  was  a  compil- 
ation of  the  best  work  of  the  pupils  of  the  schools  of  the  county,  and  involved  a  labor  of 
no  small  magnitude  on  the  part  of  the  Superintendent.  The  third  volume  was  an  Insti- 
tute book  and  embodied  the  proceedings  of  the  Institute,  the  most  valuable  papers  read 
by  the  teachers  of  the  county,  historical  sketches  and  other  educational  matter.  This 
volume  was  honorably  mentioned  by  the  Centennial  Board. 

A  work  of  a  character  similar  to  that  of  the  ungraded  schools  was  prepared  by  the 
city  graded  schools,  and  also  a  volume  of  Normal  school  work,  and  forwarded  to  the  Cen- 
tennial. These  volumes  were  honorable  alike  to  those  by  whom  they  were  prepared  and 
forwarded,  and  the  schools  of  the  county. 

OBDEB   FOB   BUTLDING   THE  FIBST   SCHOOL   HOCSE. 

Verbatim  copy  of  the  original  order  issued  for  the  erection  of  the  first  public  school- 
house  in  Peoria  Co.,  now  in  the  possession  of  Mr.  John  Ferguson  of  Hallock  Township. 

In  pursuance  of  the  order  of  the  legal  voters  of  Peoria  School  District  No.  1,  the 
Trustees  made  the  following  appointment  of  families  in  classes,  to  erect  and  finish  a 
school-house  sixteen  by  eighteen  feet,  and  at  least  ten  feet  high  from  the  ground  from 
the  eave-bearers,  as  follows,  to  wit :  — 

The  first  class  to  consist  of 
Henry  Neely,      "\      To  cut  the  logs  for  the  bodj*,  and  sills,  ribbs,  butting  poles,  joists, 
James  Walker,    i  sleepers,  eave-bearers,  chimney  and  chinking  stuff,  door,  facing  curtain, 
John  Hamlin,      [to  split  puncheon  stuff  for    floor,  benches,   and    all    other    necessary 
John  Barker.      J  timber  for  the  said  house. 

The  second  class  to  consist  of 
Isaac  Waters,         ^ 

James  Latham,        I      To  cut  and  split  700  clap-boards,  hew  the  puncheon-stuff  for  floor, 
William  Clark,        [seats  and  lay  the  floor. 
Aug.  Langworthy,  J 

The  third  class  to  consist  of 
William  Holland,  1 

Abner  Eads,  I      To  haul  all  the  timber  and  stone  for  the  house,  and   to  chink  the 

Geo.  Sharpe,  [^same,cut  out  and  face  the  door  and  windows,  ami  tut  out  the  fire-place. 

Alva  Moffatt.        J 

The  fourth  class  to  consist  of 
Isaac  Hyde,  ^ 

John  Dixon,  (      To  build  the  chimney  and  daub  the  house,  make  the  door,  windows, 

Jno.  L.  Bogardus,  [and  writing  table  and  hang  the  door,  and  bank  the  liouse,  etc. 
Archibald  Allen,  j 

All  the  classes  to  join  to  raise  and  cover  the  house,  and  lay  the  loft  floor. 

T"  .yfr.  Elijah  Hifdf,  —  You  are  requested  to  call  on  each  individual  in  the  above 
classes,  and  notify  all  those  belonging  to  the  first,  second,  and  third  clius.-;es  to  meet  and 
perform  their  several  portions  of  labor  from  Wednesday  to  Friday   next    both   inclusive, 


HISTORY   OF  PEORIA   COUNTY.  431 

and  the  fourth  class  to  meet  and  perform  their   respective   portions   of  labor   also   from 
Monday  to  Wednesdaj-  next  both  inclusive,  and  you  will  fail  not  to  serve  the  same  on  each 
of  the  above  named  persons  on  or  before  the  12th  day  of  the  present  month,  and  make 
due  return  thereof,  and  thereof  fail  not,  on  pain  of  five  dollars. 
Witness, 

(Signed)     Nokmas  Hyde, 
Clerk 
of  Peoria  Common  School  District  No.  1. 
Peoria,  Dec.  25th,  1825. 


CHAPTER    XV. 

OLD     SETTLERS'     UNION. 

Oh  !  a  wonderful  stream  is  the  river  of  Time, 

As  it  runs  through  the  realm  of  tears. 
With  a  faultless  rhythm,  and  a  musical  rhyme. 
And  a  broader  sweep,  and  a  surge  sublime. 

As  it  blends  in  the  ocean  of  j'ears.        — B.  F.  Taylor. 

Since  the  time  when  Abner  Eads,  I.  Hersey,  Seth  Fulton,  Josiah  Fulton,  S.  Daugh- 
erty,  J.  Davis  and  T.  Russell,  pitched  their  tents  against  the  remnants  of  Fort  Clark,  in 
the  early  Spring  of  1819,  the  years  have  been  so  full  of  change  that  the  visitor  of  to-day, 
ignorant  of  the  past,  could  scarcely  be  made  to  realize  that  during  these  years  a  popula- 
tion of  more  than  sixty  thousand  has  grown  up  within  the  limits  of  the  county  whose 
history  we  are  writing.  From  a  savage  wUd  this  land  has  become  a  center  of  civiliza- 
tion, net-lined  with  fences,  and  checkered  with  the  fairest  fields  of  cultivation. 

It  is  not  strange  that  among  the  pioneer  settlers  of  any  new  country  a  deep-seated 
and  sincere  friendship  should  spring  up,  that  would  grow  and  strengthen  with  their 
years.  The  incidents  pecidiar  to  life  in  a  new  country  —  the  trials  and  hardships,  priva- 
tions and  destitutions  —  are  well  calculated  to  test  not  only  the  physical  powers  of  endu- 
rance, but  the  moral,  kindly,  generous  attributes  of  manhood  and  womanhood.  They 
are  times  that  try  men's  souls  and  bring  to  the  surface  all  that  there  may  be  in  them  of 
either  good  or  bad.  As  a  rule,  there  is  an  equality  of  conditions  that  recognizes  no  dis- 
tinctions. All  occupy  a  common  level,  and  as  a  natural  consequence,  a  brotherly  and 
sisterh-  feeling  grows  up  that  is  as  lasting  as  time,  for  "a  fellow  feeling  makes  us  won- 
drous kind."  With  such  a  community,  there  is  a  hospitality,  a  kindness,  a  benevolence 
and  a  charity  unknown  and  unpracticed  among  the  older,  richer,  and  more  densely  popu- 
lated commonwealths.  The  very  nature  of  their  surroundings  teaches  them  to  '•  feel  each 
other's  woe,  to  share  each  other's  joy."  An  injury  or  a  wrong  may  be  ignored,  but  a 
kind,  generous,  charitable  act  is  tiever  forgotten.  The  memory  of  old  associations 
and  kind  deeds  is  always  fresh.  Raven  locks  may  bleach  and  whiten :  full,  round 
cheeks  wither  and  waste  away  ;  the  fires  of  intelligence  vanish  from  the  organs  of  vision ; 
the  brow  become  wrinkled  with  care  and  age,  and  the  erect  form  bowed  with  accumu- 
lating years,  but  the  true  friends  of  the  "long  ago"  will  be  remembered  as  long  as  life 
and  reason  endure. 

The  surroundings  of  pioneer  life  are  well  calculated  to  test  the  "true  inwardness" 
of  the  human  heart.  As  a  rule,  the  men  and  women  who  first  occupy  a  new  country  — 
who  go  in  advance  to  spy  out  the  land  and  prepare  it  for  the  coming  of  a  future  peo- 
ple — are  bold,  fearless,  self-reliant  and  industrious.  In  these  respects,  no  matter  from 
what  remote  sections  or  countries  they  may  come,  there  is  a  similarity  of  character.     In 


432  HISTORT   OF   PEORIA   COUNTT. 

birth,  education,  religion  and  language,  there  may  be  a  vast  difference,  but  imbued  with 
a  common  purpose  —  the  founding  and  building  of  homes  —  these  differences  are  soon 
lost  b}'  association,  and  thus  they  become  one  people,  united  by  a  common  interest,  and 
no  matter  what  changes  may  come  in  after  3'ears,  the  associations  thus  formed  are  never 
buried  out  of  memory. 

In  pioneer  life  there  are  always  incidents  of  peculiar  interest,  not  only  to  the  pio- 
neers themselves,  but  which,  if  properly  preserved,  would  be  of  interest  to  posterity,  and 
it  is  a  matter  to  be  regretted  that  the  formation  of  Old  Settlers'  Associations,  or  Unions, 
has  been  neglected  in  so  man)'  parts  of  the  country.  The  presence  of  such  associations 
in  all  the  counties  of  a  common  country,  with  well  kept  records  of  the  more  important 
events,  such  as  dates  of  arrivals,  births,  marriages,  deaths,  removals,  nativity,  etc.,  as  any 
one  can  readily  see,  would  l)e  the  direct  means  of  preserving  to  the  literature  of  the 
country  the  history  of  every  community,  that,  to  future  generations,  would  be  invaluable 
as  a  record  of  reference,  and  a  ready  method  of  settling  important  questions  of  con- 
troversy. As  important  as  these  associations  are  admitted  to  be,  their  formation  has  not 
yet  become  general,  and  there  are  man)-  counties  in  the  Western  country  whose  early 
history  is  entirely  lost  because  of  such  neglect  and  imiifference.  Such  organizations 
would  possess  facts  and  figures  that  could  not  be  had  from  any  other  source.  Aside  from 
their  historic  importance,  they  would  serve  as  a  means  of  keeping  alive  and  further  ce- 
menting old  friendships,  and  renewing  among  the  members  associations  that  were  neces- 
sarily interrupted  by  the  innovations  of  increasing  population,  cultivating  social  inter- 
course, and  creating  a  charitable  fund  for  such  of  their  old  members  as  were  victims  of 
misfortune  and  adversity. 

In  the  Summer  of  1876,  a  few  of  the  earliest  settlers,  actuated  by  the  motives  sug- 
gested in  the  preceding  paragraph,  determined  to  call  a  meeting  of  old  settlers  for  the 
purpose  of  organizing  an  Old  Settlers'  Association.  The  meeting  was  held  at  the  Court- 
house on  the  4th  day  of  July,  1867.  Hon.  John  Hamlin  presided  and  Colonel  Charles 
Ballance  acted  as  Secretary. 

After  a  full  and  free  discussion  of  the  subject  it  was  resolved  to  organize  a  Society 
of  Old  Settlers,  and  Messrs.  George  C.  Bestor,  Edward  F.  Nowland  and  Charles  Ballance 
were  appointed  as  a  committee  to  prepare  a  constitution  and  by-laws  to  be  submitted 
to  a  future  meeting  to  be  held  at  sucii  time  and  place  as  the  committee  should  appoint. 

Pursuant  to  the  action  of  this  committee,  a  general  meeting  of  old  settlere  was  held 
at  the  Court-bouse  on  the  27th  of  July,  1867,  which  was  largely  attended  —  Hon.  John 
Hamlin  presiding,  and  Charles  Ballance,  Esq.,  acting  as  Secretary. 

Mr.  Ballance,  of  the  committee  appointed  for  that  purpose,  reported  a  constitjution 
which  was  adopted,  viz. : 

PRKAMDLE. 

For  the  information  to  be  derived  from  social  intercourse,  and  reminiscences  of  the  settling  of  this  part  of 
the  country,  we,  the  undersigned,  agree  to  form  ourselves  into  a  society  to  be  called  the  "  Old  Settlers'  Union  of  Peoria 
and  Vicinity,"  under  the  following  constitution,  to  wit ; 

Articlk  I.  The  officers  of  this  society  shall  be  a  President,  two  Vice  Presidents,  a  Recording  and  Correspond- 
ing Secretary,  and  a  Treasurer,  all  of  whom  shall  be  elected  by  a  majority  vote  of  the  society  at  the  first  meeting 
and  at  each  yc.irly  meeting  of  the  society  ;  and  they  shall  hold  their  oOiccs  respectively  until  their  successors  shall 
have  been  elected  and  are  ready  to  enter  upon  the  performance  of  their  duties. 

Artici.k  II.  It  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  President  to  preside  at  all  meetings  of  the  society,  and  to  call  extra 
meetings  upon  the  petition  of  any  six  members. 

Article  III.  It  shall  he  the  duty  of  the  Vice  Presidents  in  case  of  the  absence,  resignation  or  death  of  the 
President,  to  perform  all  of  his  duties. 

.Artici.ic  IV.  In  case  of  the  absence,  resignation  or  death  of  the  President  and  both  Vice  Presidents,  any  six 
members  shall  h.ive  power  to  call  a  meeting,  and  in  such  case  any  meeting  shall  have  power  to  elect  a  President  fn 
ttm.,  which  meeting  so  called  and  presided  over  shall  be  a.s  valid  as  any  other. 

.\r  ri'  1  K  V.  The  Recording  Secretary  sh.ill  keep  n  record  of  the  proceedings  of  the  society,  which  shall  be 
subject  to  the  inspection  of  all  the  members. 

Article  VI.  It  shall  be  the  duly  of  the  Corrcspomling  Secretary  to  carry  on  any  correspondence  of  intereit 
to  the  society,  and  promulgate  the  same  at  the  yearly  meeting. 


HISTORY  OF  PEORIA  COUNTY.  433 

Article  VII.  It  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  Treasurer  to  keep  all  moneys  belonging  to  the  society,  and  pay  out 
the  same  upon  the  order  of  the  society  or  any  committee  vested  with  the  power  to  control  the  same,  and  he  shall 
make  report  thereof  at  the  annual  meeting. 

Article  VIII.  Every  man  having  a  good  moral  character  and  having  resided  in  the  State  of  Illinois  for  a 
period  of  thirty  years  prior  to  the  date  of  this  constitution,  and  for  the  last  ten  years  in  Peoria  or  its  vicinity,  shall, 
upon  payment  to  the  Treasurer  of  an  initiation  fee  of  one  dollar,  be  eligible  to  become  a  member  of  this  society. 
[At  a  meeting  of  the  Union,  July  4,  i86g,  this  article  was  amended  so  as  to  read  "  that  every  person  who  has  resided 
in  the  State  of  Illinois  prior  to  A.  D.,  1840,  who  is  now  a  resident  of  Peoria  or  its  vicinity,  shall  be  entitled  to  be- 
come a  member  of  this  society  by  signing  the  constitution  and  paying  the  initiation  fee  ;  and  the  children  of  any 
person  who  is  a  member  of  the  society  shall  be  entitled  to  membership  at  any  age.] 

Article  IX.  The  first  meeting  of  this  Society  shall  be  held  at  the  Court-house  in  the  city  of  Peoria  at  two 
o'clock  on  the  27th  day  of  July,  1S67,  and  forever  thereafter  at  the  same  place,  and  at  the  same  hour  of  the  day,  on 
the  fourth  day  of  July,  and  at  such  other  times  as  may  be  appointed,  as  hereinbefore  provided.  [At  the  annual 
meeting  of  the  Society,  July  4,  1870,  on  motion  of  John  Waugh,  the  time  of  meeting  was  changed  to  the  loth  of  Sep- 
tember, the  anniversary  of  Perry's  victory.  At  the  re-union  on  the  loth  of  September,  1873,  the  time  of  meeting  was 
again  changed,  on  motion  of  Alva  Dunlap,  and  the  second  Thursday  in  September  substituted.] 

Article  X.  If  at  any  time  it  shall  be  thought  necessary  to  have  by-laws  to  aid  in  carrying  out  the  objects  of 
this  Society,  it  shall  be  competent  for  the  Secretary,  by  a  majority  vote,  to  adopt  such  by-laws,  and  in  the  same  way 
to  amend  or  repeal  them,  when  they  .shall  have  been  proved  to  be  defective  or  injurious. 

Article  XI.  It  shall  be  competent  for  the  Society  at  any  yearly  meeting  to  make  any  amendments  to  this  con- 
stitution which  a  majority  shall  approve. 

The  following  names  were  signed  to  this  constitution  at  the  time  of  its  adoption,  to- 
gether with  date  of  settlement,  etc.: 

Name.  Month.                 Year.                                          Remarks. 

John  Hamlin November 1823  Settled   in   the  State  in  1819.     Deceased. 

C.   Ballance November 1831  Died  Aug.  10,  1872. 

Samuel  B.King September 1831  

John  Waugh June 1836  

Jacob    Happerly March 1831  

E.  F.  Nowland__ January 1835  

John  C.  Flanagan May 1834  

John  T.  Lindsay July 1836  

John    Todhunter June 1834  

Samuel  Tart _     September 1834  

M.    Tagart- November  18 1835  -_..     ? 

;            Joseph  J.  Thomas June __  1837  Deceased. 

Thomas  Mooney,  Jr October 1835  

Daniel  Trail May  4 1834  

C.   M.  Frazer July 1834  Deceased. 

E.  N.  Powell March.. 1836  Died. 

Alva  Dunlap May 1834  

L.J.  Loomis August 1834  

A.  W.  Bushnell June 1837  

George  W.  H.  Gilbert..     February   13 1837  Born  in  Peoria 

George  W.  Fash June 1835  

Allen  L.  Fahnestock November 1837  

The  Society  then  proceeded  to  the  election  of  officers,  with  the  following  result : 
President,  John  Hamlin. 

Vice  Presidents,  Colonel  Charles  Ballance,  Jacob  Hepperley. 
Recording  Secretary,  G.  W.  H.  Gilbert. 
Corresponding  Secretary,  John  C.  Flanagan. 
Treasurer,  Edward  F.  Nowland, 

Hons.  E.  N.  Powell,  John  T.  Lindsay  and  John  C.  Flanagan,  Esq.,  were  appointed 
a  committee  to  prepare  a  code  of  by-laws,  to  be  submitted  at  the  next  meeting. 
On  motion  of  Mr.  Nowland  it  was  unanimously 

Resolved,  That  when  any  member  of  the  Society  may  die,  it  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  Society  to  attend  his 
funeral  in  a  body. 

The  meeting  then  adjourned  until  the  next  regular  meeting,  subject  to  an  earlier  call 
under  the  constitution. 

The  following  names  were  subsequently  signed  to  the  constitution,  and  are  given  in 


434 


HISTORY   OF  PEORIA  COUNTY. 


regular  chronological  order  of  settlement,  with  such  other  information  as  is  preserved  on 
the  record  of  the  Union  : 


NAMKs. 

Josiah  Kulton 

David   Barnes .    

William   Blanchard 

A.  E.  Barnes 

Aquilla  Moffatt 

Alva   Moffatt 

H.  Reding 

Elijah  Brown 

j.  T.  Stewart 

Henry  H.  Moffatt 

Mrs.  Pierre  Renon 

Moses  Clifton 

Alexander  Caldwell 

J.  ClegK 

M.  B.  Silliman 

Fountain  VVatkins 

James  Harker 

T  saac  Harkness 

Clementinus  Ewalt 

John   Hammett 

Elizabeth  Hammett 

Joseph  Schirtz. .- 

J.  W.  Caldwell 

E.  C.  Root 

J.  E.Bristol 

J.  S.  Hombaker 

John  M.  Roberts 

J.  S.  Adams 

Linus  .Scoville 

J.  H.  Sisk 

Alexander  M.  King 

Henry  \V.  Jones 

E.  A.  Van   Meter 

Rudolphus  Rouse 

S.  R.  .Mooberry 

B.  Douglass 

H.  G.  Anderson 

Amos  Stephens 

Aurcn  Garrett _ 

William  A.  H.ill 

John  J.  Runkle 

Mark  .M.  Aikin 

B.t;.  Roe 

I'eter  Sweet 

Isaac  Underbill 

Jane  S.  Underbill 

Moses  Y.  Dusenbery 

Crosby  White 

Daniel  Brownf 

Joseph  Kelso 

John   Benson 

Edward  C  Benson  .... 
Benjamin  L.  T.  liourland 

I'erry  Erazer 

Edward  Dawi .... 

William  E.  Mason 

CJeorge  P.  Rice 

Alexander  Sisk 

Peter  Krye 

Thomas  I).  Smithey 

C.  P.  W.  Eastman 


MONTH.  YEAR. 

April  ig 1819 

May23 1819 

June 1819 

March  26 1821 

June  20 1822 

June  20 1822 

June 1822 

June 1824 

June 1824 

July  29 1825 

1825 

October 1826 

December 1827 

February 1828 

September  21 1828 

November  4 1829 

November  18 1829 

February 1830 

May  1 1830 

June 1830 

June 1830 

August 1830 

October  3 1830 

October 1830 

October  19 1830 

October 1830 

December  10 1830 

March 1831 

April 1831 

September 1831 

September 1831 

November  1 1831 

November  25 1831 

August 1832 

October 1832 

March  i 1833 

March  II 1833 

July 1833 

August 1833 

September  6 1833 

October 1833 

October  28 1833 

November 1833 

December  24 1833 

December  25 1833 

December  25 1833 

«833 

1833 

January  33 1834 

April  20. 1834 

May 1834 

May 1834 

June 1834 

July 1834 

August 1834 

August  19 1834 

October 1834 

October 1834 

Novenjber 1834 

November 1834 

November 1834 


RKMARKS. 

Came  to  the  Illinois  country  in  1806. 
Died  in  Bushnell  in  the  Summer  of  1870. 
Took  out  first  marriage  license  from  Peoria  Co. 
Bom  in  Peoria  county. 
Died  January  10,  1880. 


South  Hampton. 

Born  in  Illinois. 

Bom  in  Peoria  county. 

Ticuioiit. 

Deceased. 

Deceased. 

South  Hampton.     Deceased. 

Elmwood. 

Harker's  Comers.     Deceased. 

Iowa. 

I'eoria. 

Chillicothe. 

Chillicothe. 

Hilton. 
Blue  Ridge. 
Mosiville. 

Morton. 

Hilton. 

Mossville. 

Deceased. 
Kickapoo  township. 

Deceased. 

Dunlap. 

Elmwood. 


Summerville. 

Learned  printers'  trade  with  the  Harpers. 

Groveland. 

Decease<l. 

Died  at  Austin,  Texas,  March  31,  187$.* 


Peoria. 

South  Hampton. 

Washington. 


Bom  October  10.  1825. 
Leadville.  Colorado. 
Born  1786.     Decea.ved. 

Trivoli. 
Peoria. 
Peoria. 
Pana. 


*.Mr.  Underliill's  remains  were  first  burieil  at  Austin,  and  subse<|uenlly  taken  up  and  bruu);lit  lo  I'mria  ulicic  they 
were  re-intcrred  with  high  Masonic  honors,  on  Suiidav,  April  18,  187$. 
fSon  of  Job  Uruwii,  inventor  uf  the  Lever  cum  planter,  in  1857. 


HISTORY  OF  PEORIA    COUNTY. 


435 


NAMES. 

Calvin  Blake 

Sarah  C.  Robinson 

Griffith  Dickerson 

J.  H.  McCall 

Mrs.  Louisa  McCall 

Mrs.  Grace  Horrett 

John  Holmes.  _ 

James  F.  Murden 

Jacob  Darst 

Mrs.  Margt.  P.  Raymond 

Peter  W.  Hawley 

T.  B.  McFadden 

Geo.  C.  Bestor 

John  Whitby 

G.  Greenwood 

Nathaniel  Robinson 

John  Conkleton 

Mrs.  Eliza  J.  Sickler... 

Daniel  Corbet 

Nelson  Woodruff 

G.  W.  Schelby. 

John  C.  Schnebly .. 

J.  H.  Schnebly 

George  Woodruff . 

W.  H.  Richmond 

Robert  W.  Summers... 

William  Comegys 

Elizabeth  Comegys 

J.  McClay  Smith 

John  F.  King 

Lewis  Horrell 

H.  T.Baldwin 

Isaac  Taylor 

R.  H.  Boal 

Frederick  Miller 

Ebenezer  Stowell 

William  Stilwell 

W.  H.  Partrige 

Thomas  J.  Henderson.. 

Charles  Robinson 

William  H.S.  Gorsuch.. 

William  Gifford 

Justus  Gibbs 

L.  L.  Guyer 

John  Felkel 

Augustine  Greenwood.. 

James  Monroe 

C.C.Wood 

Edson  F.Smith 

W.  Case 

Edward  D.  Shutts 

John  Leadley 

Lorin  Wilder-. 

Langworth  Armstrong 

W.  H.   Ellis 

George  GilfiUin 

G.  C.  Babcock 

Norman  Howe 

John  Hines 

William  Robinson. 

Thomas  Boyle 

Mahlon  T.  Powell 

Daniel  Slane 

L.  H.   Armstrong 

W.  Reynolds 

Jacob  Tapping 

J.  A.  McCoy 

L.  A.  Cole .. 


MONTH.  YEAR. 

December  24 1834 

January 1835 

April 1835 

May  10 1835 

May  10 1835 

May.. 1835 

June 1835 

June  15 1835 

June  20 1835 

June 1835 

July 1835 

July --  1835 

August 1835 

October 1835 

October  9 1835 

October  19 1835 

October 1835 

October 1835 

October 1835 

November  16 1835 

November 1835 

November 1835 

November  10 1835 

November  18 1S35 

December 1835 

1835 

1835 

---- 1835 

April  5 1836 

April  27 1836 

May 1836 

1S36 

1S36 

June  4 1836 

June  10 1836 

June 1836 

June 1836 

June 1836 

June  24. 1836 

June 1S36 

June  10 1836 

July 1836 

July? 1836 

July  19 1836 

August 1836 

August  16 1836 

September  5 1S36 

September 1836 

September  16 1836 

October  3 1836 

October  4 1836 

October. 1836 

October  27 1836 

October 1836 

October 1836 

October 1836 

October 1836 

October 1836 

November  3 1836 

November  13 1836     . 

November  15 1836 

November  6 1S26     . 

November  29 1836 

November 1836 

November 1836      . 

December  I 1836     . 

December  28 1836     . 

March . 1837     . 


REMARKS. 


Dunlap. 

Peoria. 

Died  August  30,  1873. 

Canton. 


Peoria. 
Alta. 
Peoria. 
Deceased. 


Mossville. 

Glassford. 

Peoria. 

Dunlap. 

Deceased. 


Peoria. 
Peoria. 


Peoria.     Deceased. 

Peoria. 

Deceased. 

Born  in  Peoria  county. 

Peoria. 
Peoria. 


Blue  Ridge. 
Peoria. 

Princeton. 


Kickapoo. 

Elmwood. 

Peoria. 

Hilton.     Deceased. 


Now  lives  in  Iowa. 
Alta. 

Hilton.     Deceased. 

Alta. 

Deceased. 

Deceased. 

West  Halleck. 


Mossville. 
Peoria. 


Deceased. 
Deceased,  September  15,  1875. 


436 


HISTORY  OF  PEORIA   COUNTY. 


NAMES. 

Cyrus  Tucker 

Henry  Kouse 

Robert  Will 

George  L.  Beston 

Ira  Smith 

William  Kellogg 

James  Siration 

Henry  Apple 

Walter  Stewart 

Henry  Detweiler 

Thomas  H  uff 

Patrick   Harmon 

Amos  A.  Couch 

Harvey  Lightner 

John  Crawl 

J.  M.  Cooper 

C.  P.  King 

Sampson    Shockley 

John  Moss 

WilUiam  Weis 

James  C.  Lindsay 

O.  C.  Parmly 

John   McDonald 

H.  M.   Robinson 

Sidney  Pulsifer 

D.  C.  Farrell 

Samuel  Dimon 

J.  N.  Gorsuch 

George   Divelbliss 

G.  H.  Kettelle 

E.  M.  Colliem 

Edrick   Thomas 

John  A.  Thomas 

Gilbert    Hathaway 

F.  M.  Dunlap 

Lloyd  Shaw 

W.  J.  Jones 

Florian  Haungs 

William   IL  Jenks 

William  A.  Herron 

G.  B.  Turbett 

E.  C.  Silliman 

Seth  W.  Freeman 

J.  L.  Knowlton 

Mrs.  J.  D.  McClure 

G.  A.  Wilson 

M.O.  Bestor 

James  M.  Rice 

Mrs.  G.   H.  Williams... 
Harry  M.  Van  Buskirk.. 

P.  Menard 

Lawson    Howland 

Mrs.  A.  M.  Gorsuch 

Mrs.  Catharine  Summers 
W.  T.  Dowdall    


MONTH. 
April 

April  20  . 
May  I  ... 
June  10  . 
June  15. 


June. 


July 

September  . 


November  15. 
November  25. 

April 

April 


April 

May  6 

May  12  ..   . 

May  13 

May 

May  14 

June 

June 

June 

June 

June  19 

June 

June  21 

July  

July 

July 

August  24.. 
August  28. 

October 

November  . 

April 

May 

November 
November. 
November. 


May 

July  12 

November  3.. 
December  g.. 

January  I 

March 

February  16.. 

June 

December  36. 


YEAR. 

1837 
1837 
1837 
1837 
1837 
1837 
1837 
1837 
1837 
1837 
1837 
1837 
1837 
1838 
1838 
1838 
1838 
1838 
1838 
1838 
1838 
1838 
1838 
1838 
1838 
1838 
1838 
1838 
1838 
1838 
1838 
1838 
1838 
1838 
1838 
1838 
1839 

1839 
1839 
1839 
1839 

1840 
1840 
1840 
1840 
1840 
1842 
1843 
1850 
1853 
1798 
I8IS 


May. 


186; 


RKMARKS. 

P.O.  Kickapoo. 

Born  in  Peoria. 

Lawn  Ridge. 

Born  in   Peoria.     Deceased. 

Peoria.     Deceased. 

Deceased. 

Methodist  Minister,  Kickapoo  Tp. 

Deceased. 


Died  in  Chicago. 
Peoria. 

Jubilee. 

Peoria. 

Deceased. 


Kickapoo.     Born  in  Conn. 
Deceased. 
Radnor  Township. 
Bom  in  Peoria  county. 

Deceased. 
Kickapoo. 
Brimfield. 
Dunlap. 

Removed  to  Bardolph,   Mo. 
Deceased. 


Bom  in  Peoria. 
Bom  Tazewell  Co. 


Born  in  Peoria. 

Born  at  Kaskaskia.     Deceased. 
Washington. 


Born  in  Illinois,  March  8,  183s. 


SECOND   ANNUAIi   MEETING. 


The  second  annual  meetinp  of  the  Union,  a  basket  pic-nic.  was  hold  in  Flanapan's 
Grove,  July  4,  1868,  that  well-known  old  settler  hiiviiip  ttMidond  tlio  use  of  his  ]irfniises 
for  that  purpose.  John  Hamlin  jiresided.  This  nieetinj;  was  largely  attended  and  highly 
enjoyed.  After  dimnr  and  atttiidaiit  festivities  eame  the  election  of  oflBcers  for  the 
ensuing  year.  Soliu  Hamlin  was  re-elected  ])resident  by  acclamation,  and  the  other 
officert)  of  the  preceding  yea:  were  llicn  re-elected  by  one  vote  by  acclamation. 


HISTORY  OF  PEORTA  COUNTY.  437 

EACY   LETTER   FROM    AN    OLD    SAILOR. 

Mr.  J.  C.  Flanagan,  corresponding  secretary,  presented  a  letter  from  Captain  L. 
Coolidge,  which  was  read  and  ordered  to  be  engrossed  in  the  records  of  the  Society,  and 
tiie  original  to  be  filed  among  the  archives  of  the  Union.  The  letter  is  herewith 
presented : 

Brimkield,  August  5.  1868. 

J.  C.  Flanagan,  Esq. — Dear  Sir  :  As  Secretary  of  the  Old  Settlers'  Society,  I  wish  you  to  hand  the  under- 
written to  its  committee.  I  should  be  happy  to  attend  the  meeting  on  the  ensuing  loth,  but  think  it  quite  uncer- 
tain. I  recall  with  pleasure  the  pleasant  times,  the  long  nights  "  when  winter  chills  the  darkened  air,"  passed  with 
Pinckney,  Abbott,  Thompson  and  Caldwell,  choice  spirits,  whose  genial  dispositions  and  social  powers  crowned  old 
Winter's  head  with  flowers. 

With  respectful  compliments  to  the  committee,  I  remain,  truly  your  friend.  L.  Coolidge. 


To  the  Old  Settlers'  Society: 

In  accordance  with  the  desire  of  the  committee  of  the  Old  Settlers'  Society,  before  it  is  presumed  they  will 
"shuffle  off  this  mortal  coil,"  that  they  should  leave  some  little  item  pertaining  to  themselves,  I  am  induced,  princi- 
pally that  my  example  may  be  followed,  to  offer  this  as  "  something — nothing."  I  am  very  sensible  there  is  a  diffidence 
and  reluctance  in  being  the  herald  of  our  own  exploits.  It  is  hard  to  get  acquainted  with  ourselves.  We  may  have  a 
distinct  notion  of  what  we  are,  and  yet  would  prefer  that  somebody  else  would  tell  the  world  of  it.  But  all  reluct- 
ance in  this  respect  is  obviated  by  the  intention  that  these  sketches  are  to  be  exclusively  as  "  tablets  of  memory"  and 
references  for  the  use  of  the  Society.  Few,  indeed,  have  experienced  more  of  the  sad  vicissitudes  of  life  than  myself. 
"  Variety  is  charming."  as  Cowper  says.  Among  its  numerous  favors  was  being  shipwrecked  once —  "resolved  into 
dew"  in  one  zone,  and  congealed  into  ice  in  the  other  :  on  an  uninhabited  island  fourteen  months ;  and  a  prisoner  at 
Halifax  eighty-four  days  in  1812.  At  the  time  of  my  discharge  John  Bull's  short  commons  of  pea  soup  and  middlings 
had  reduced  me  to  an  "anatomy  or  tailor's  yard-stick."  Being  rather  at  variance  with  the  ocean,  I  bid  it  farewell,  and 
"cleared"  for  the  Green  Mountains  of  Vermont.  Here  I  eventually  bought  a  farm,  and  after  residing  on  it  nearly 
fifteen  years,  I  was  induced,  by  the  persuasion  of  a  farmer  friend  who  had  "  moved'  to  Illinois,  to  leave  the  mystic 
grandeur  and  romantic  beauty  of  the  Green  Mountains  for  the  dull  monotony  of  the  Prairie  Land,  a  contrast  which 
took  us  a  long  while  to  reconcile  with  complacency. 

I  arrived  in  Peoria  in  June,  1834.  and  after  a  few  days  tarrying,  which  made   us   more  than  homesick,  bought  a 

"  claim"  near  Kickapoo,  of  C.  K ,  who,  of  course,  overcharged  us  prodigiously.     We  resided  here  nearly  sixteen 

years,  when  we  had  an  opportunity  of  "  selling  out"  quite  advantageously,  and  removed  to  Brimfield.  Here  my  son 
opened  a  farm  about  a  mile  E.  by  E.  from  French  Grove,  which,  at  present,  consists  of  two  hundred  and  forty  acres  of 
as  good  land  as  any  in  the  county.    *v***********-^* 

I  am  every  inch  a  Yankee  or  "  round  head,"  but  forswear  "barebones"  and  their  potations;  was  born  at  the 
"hub"  of  the  universe,  or  which  is  rather  more  refined;  the  "  modern  Athens,"  within  a  few  rods  of  the  Old  South 
Church,  as  well  known  in  all  Yankeedom  as  St.  Paul's  to  Londoners.  '  Age  has  claw'd  me  in  his  clutch."  I  am 
now  eighty-five  ;  enjoy  comparatively  good  health,  which,  while  I  retain,  makes  life  enduiable. 

I  devoutly  hope  that  the  last  days  of  the  Old  Settlers  may  be  their  best  days,  serene  and  peaceful,  with  the  precious 
attributes  of  an  holy  trust  and  confidence,  so  that  when  the  time  comes  that  they  return  to  mother  earth,  the  common 
mother  of  mankind,  they  may 

" make  their  exit 

Like   a  well-graced  actor, 

When  he  leaves  the  stage."  L.  Coolidge. 

A    REQUEST. 

After  considering  this  letter  and  discussing  various  incidents  in  the  life  of  the 
writer,  on  motion  of  Colonel  Ballauce,  it  was  resolved  that  each  member  of  tlie  Union 
be  requested  to  furnish  a  sketch  of  his  life,  with  any  incidents  of  an  interesting  or  his- 
torical nature,  and  deposit  them  with  the  secretary.  The  spirit  of  this  resolution,  it  is 
to  be  regretted,  has  never  been  fully  carried  out. 

THIRD   ANNUAL   MEETING. 

The  third  annual  meeting  of  the  Union  was  held  at  Flanagan's  Grove  on  the  4th  of 
July,  1869,  Hon.  John  Hamlin  presiding.  E.  F.  Nowland  resigned  the  position  of 
Treasurer,  and  on  motion  of  Colonel  Ballance,  Louis  Howell,  Esq.,  was  cliosen  to  the 
vacancy.     With  this  exception,  the  old  officers  were  re-elected. 

The  day  was  an  enjoyable  one,  and  in  the  greetings  and  interminglings  of  the  old 
settlers,  many  incidents  and  happenings  of  the  long  ago  were  recalled  and  discussed,  and 


438  JIISTORY   OK   PEORIA   COUNTY. 

for  a  few  brief  hours  they  seemed  to  live  over  again  tlie  times  that  tried  their  souls  and 
powers  of  eudurance  "  when  this  country  was  new." 

"INVITED  out"  —  THE   INVITATION   ACCEPTED. 

In  May,  1870,  the  officers  of  the  society  received  a  communication  from  the  lady 
manaeers  of  the  Springdale  Soldiers'  Monument  Association,  conveying  an  invitation  to 
the  Union  to  atteiul  the  unveiling  of  the  soldiei-s  monument  on  the  30th  day  of  that 
month.  A  call  for  a  meeting  of  the  society  on  the  18th  of  May  was  published  in  the  city 
papers.  The  meeting  was  held  at  the  ofBce  of  Hon.  E.  \V.  Powell,  Hon.  John  Hamlin 
presiding.  The  communication  of  the  ladies  having  been  read,  Hon.  J.  T.  Lindsay  pre- 
sented the  following  preamble  and  resolution,  which  were  adopted  without  dissent : 

Whereas,  Our  Society  of  Old  Settlers  has  been  honored  with  an  invitation  from  the  Springdale  Soldiers'  Mon- 
ument Association  to  meet  with  them  to  commemorate  the  heroic  deeds  of  the  soldiers  of  the  War  of  the  Kebellion. 
and  to  witness  the  ceremonies  of  unveilinc  of  the  soldftrs"  monument  on  the  30th  of  May,  instant ;  therefore, 

Resolved,  That  we  accept  the  kind  invitation,  and  recommend  all  the  members  of  our  society  to  turn  out  on 
that  day  as  a  society. 

[A  full  account  of  the  unveiling  of  this  monument,  with  a  full  description  of  the  same,  will  be  found  in  an 
appropriate  place  in  this  volume. 

THE   DAY   WE   CELEBRATE. 

Arrangements  for  celebrating  the  4tli  of  July  were  discussed  at  this  meeting,  and  it 
was  finally  agreed  that  it  was  best  to  delay  action  for  the  time  being,  and  the  President 
of  the  society  was  instructed  to  issue  a  call  for  a  meeting  to  be  held  on  the  30th  to  make 
the  necessary  arrangements  for  such  a  celebration.  Pui-suant  to  the  action  of  this  meet- 
ing (of  the  30th)  the  society  was  called  to  meet  at  the  Court-house  on  the  4th  of  July. 
Hon.  John  Hamlin  presiding,  called  the  meeting  to  order,  and  announced  that  the  first 
business  was  the  election  of  ofiicers  for  the  ensuing  year. 

A.  W.  Bushnell,  Esq.,  moved  that  the  officers  of  the  previous  year  "  be  declared  by 
acclamation  the  officers  for  the  ensuing  year."  The  manner  of  choosing  officers,  as 
defined  by  the  constitution,  was  discussed  at  some  length,  but  Mr.  Bushnell's  motion 
finally  prevailed,  and  the  old  officers  were  declared  elected. 

FOURTH   ANNUAL  REUNION. 

The  fourth  annual  meeting  of  the  society  assembled  at  Parmely's  Hall,  on  Saturday, 
the  10th  day  of  Sejitenilier,  1870,  the  anniversary  of  Perry's  victory  on  Lake  Erie.  It  had 
been  intemlcd  to  hold  an  out-door  meeting,  but  the  weather  was  unpropitious,  and 
hence  the  meeting  in  the  hall  mentioned.  In  consequence  of  a  misundei-standing  as  to 
the  place  of  the  meeting,  the  assemblage  was  not  large.  The  weather  kept  many  people 
at  home  ;  others  went  to  the  grove,  where  they  expected  the  "old  folks"  to  assemble, 
and  finding  no  arrangement  there  for  the  meeting,  returned  to  their  houses.  Those  who 
a.ssenibled  in  the  hall  were  well  entertained.  Several  short  speeches  were  made,  and  old 
times  reviewed.  Among  the  sj)eakers  was  Major  A.  E.  Barnes,  of  Bushnell.  His  father, 
D.  W.  Barnes,  came  to  Fort  Clark  with  Capt.  Jude  Warner's  fishing  party,  about  the 
10th  of  June,  181!).  "He  had  looked  forward  to  this  reunion  with  a  great  deal  of 
pleasure,"  said  Major  Barnes,  "and  had  his  arrangements  perfected  to  visit  his  old  friend, 
Blaiichai<l,  and  attend  this  gatliering  at  the  same  tri|),  but  death  taiin-  a  few  days  too 
soon,  aii<l  he  sleeps  the  sleep  from  which  he  will  awaken  to  join  his  old  friends  in  a  re- 
union that  will  never  break  up." 

"  IX)OKING    FORWARD." 

July  4,  1871,  at  a  meeting  of  the  society  held  at  the  Court-house,  the  old  officers 
were  re-elected  by  acclamation.     Committees  were  appointed  to  make  arrangements  for 


HISTORY   OF   PEORIA   COUNTY.  439 

the  annual  reunion,  to  consider  and  recommend  a  day  for  adoption  by  the  society,  on 
which  to  hold  its  annual  meetings,  etc.,  after  which  the  meeting  adjourned. 

FIFTH  ANNUAL  EEUNION. 

The  fifth  annual  reuion  of  the  Old  Settlers  of  Peoria  county  and  vicinity,  was  held 
at  Central  Park  on  the  first  Thursday,  the  7th  day  of  September,  1871,  and  was  very 
largely  attended  by  citizens  from  adjoining  counties.  An  excellent  dinner  was  served, 
and  the  afternoon  was  spent  in  recounting  old-time  incidents.  Josiah  Fulton,  of  Rich- 
woods  township,  was  presented  with  a  mammoth  pear  of  the  Ohio  Belle  variety,  measur- 
ing four  and  one-quarter  inches  in  diameter.  It  was  sent  to  the  society  with  the  request 
that  it  be  presented  to  the  oldest  settler  in  the  county.  Of  the  seven  men  who  came  to 
Fort  Clark  on  the  17th  of  April,  1819,  Mr.  Fulton  is  the  only  one  who  has  maintained 
a  continuous  residence  in  the  county. 

Colonel  George  C.  Bestor  exhibited  the  kitchen  furniture  with  which  he  commenced 
keeping  house  in  Peoria.  It  consisted  of  three  pieces  —  a  Dutch  oven,  an  iron  dinner 
pot  and  a  copper  tea-kettle.      "  The  tea-kettle,"  said  Colonel  Bestor,  "  was  considered 

d d  aristocratic  when  it  was  first  brought  to   Peoria."     He  added  that  "  the  young 

people  of  the  present  wanted  to  commence  house-keeping  with  as  much  furniture  as 
their  parents  left  ofi^  with,  and  that  they  were  astonished  when  told  of  the  few  and 
simple  utensils,  furniture,  etc.,  with  which  their  fathers  and  mothers  had  commenced 
the  battle  of  life." 

A  map  of  Peoria  in  1831,  drawn  in  India  ink,  was  on  exhibition.  It  was  executed 
by  Mr.  John  Roberts,  of  Morton,  on  the  29th  of  August,  1831,  and  showed  sixteen  log 
cabins,  all  of  them  below  Main  Street.  The  view  was  taken  from  the  opposite  side  of 
the  river,  and  although  many  of  the  oldest  settlers  did  not  know  it  was  in  existence, 
they  pronounced  it  to  be  perfect,  and  pointed  out  the  respective  residences  of  each  family 
then  in  Peoria. 

Colonel  Peter  Menard,  of  Fremont,  seventy-three  years  of  age,  and  the  oldest 
native-born  inhabitant  of  Illinois,  was  present.  He  was  born  at  Kaskaskia,  2dth  De- 
cember, 1798. 

BESTING. 

No  meeting  of  the  society  was  held  in  1872. 

July  4,  1873,  as  shown  by  the  records,  a  meeting  was  held  at  the  Court-house,  John 
Waugh  presiding.  The  election  of  officers  was  considered,  but  deferred  to  the  regular 
meeting  of  the  society,  which,  on  motion,  was  fixed  for  the  10th  of  September. 

Messrs.  A.  W.  Bushnell,  John  Waugh  and  Samuel  Tart  were  appointed  a  committee 
to  arrange  for  the  manner  of  reunion,  and  fix  the  place  where  it  should  be  held. 

THE   SIXTH   ANNUAL   REUNION 

Was  a  basket  pic-nic  and  was  held  at  Central  Park  on  the  10th  day  of  September,  1873. 
A  large  number  of  the  old  settlers  and  their  descendants  were  present.  Dinner  was 
taken  at  12  o'clock,  after  which  a  business  meeting  was  held. 

On  motion  of  Alvah  Dunlap,  of  Radnor,  it  was  resolved  to  hold  all  regular  annual 
meetings  of  the  society  at  Central  Park  on  the  second  Thursday  in  September.  The 
election  of  oflicers  being  next  in  order,  Alvah  Dunlap  was  chosen  president;  Lewis 
Howell,  treasurer ;  G.  W.  H.  Gilbert,  secretary.  Then  came  speeches  full  of  reminis- 
cences of  the  olden-time  by  Judge  Wellington  Loucks,  Hon.  J.  K.  Cooper  and  Jolin 
Todhunter,  of  Peoria,  and  William  Blanchard,  of  Hilton,  Tazewell  county. 

The  following  lines  were  prepared  for  the  occasion  of  this  meeting  by  John  Tod- 
hunter, Esq.,  who  came  to  the  county  in  June,  1834  :     They  were  entitled 


440 


HISTORY   OF   PEORIA   COUNTY. 


THIRTY  VEAKS   ACX). 


With  heart:>  and  hands  united. 

We  meet  togetlier  here 
To  tell  of  by-gone  days  again. 

And  join  in  hearty  cheer  ; 
And  tho'  surrounded  by  our  friends, 

While  comforts  overflow. 
We  still  look  back  to  happy  days 

Of  thirty  years  ago. 

The  glittering  spires  from  here  are  seen. 

And  mansions  grand  and  great. 
While  monuments  of  wealth  and  power 

Are  scattered  o'er  our  State  ; 
But  monuments  like  these,  forsooth. 

With  all  their  dazzling  show, 
Art  poor,  compared  with  friendship's  wealth 

Some  thirty  years  ago. 

Our  ladies  here,  God  bless  them  — 

How  beautiful  to  see, 
With  dresses  rich,  and  jewels  bright. 

No  fairer  sight  can  be  ; 
But  when  in  linsey-woolsey, 

Our  wives  would  go, 
We  thought  them  quite  as  handsome 

Some  thirty  years  ago. 

'Twas  then  our  doors  were  open  — 

Our  hearts  were  open,  too  ; 
The  stranger  then  was  welcome. 

And  no  one  hunger  knew; 
We  made  his  bed  upon  the  floor. 

And  sprcail  upon  the  straw, 
We  slept  before  the  blazing  fire 

Some  thirty  years  ago. , 


The  highest  pride  our  settlers  felt 

Just  then  in  Illinois, 
Was  in  our  wives  and  children  — 

Our  happy  girls  and  boys. 
And  cherishing  within  our  hearts, 

Our  greatest  joy  below  ; 
We  blessed  the  God  who  sent  them  here, 

Some  thirty  years  ago. 

But  here  and  there  a  little  mound 

That  tells  of  by-gone  days  ; 
How  clouds  would  sometimes  cross  our  path- 

The  sun  withhold  its  rays. 
But  tender  tears  of  sympathy 

Would  soften  all  our  woe  ; 
For  friends  were  worthy  of  the  name 

Some  thirty  years  ago. 

The  Autumn  of  our  lives  is  here  — 

The  leaves  begin  to  fall. 
And  one  by  one  disappear 

("  The  common  lot  of  all.") 
But  whilst  on  earth  we  linger  — 

Till  from  these  scenes  we  go, 
While  memory  lasts  we'll  bless  the  days 

Of  thirty  years  ago. 

A  tear  for  those  we  loved  then. 

Whose  tongues  are  silent  now. 
Who  grasped  our  hand  in  friendship  then. 

Or  cooled  our  fevered  brow. 
And  though  we  do  not  meet  them  here. 

Their  virtues  still  we  know, 
And  love  in  memory  as  we  did. 

Some  thirty  years  ago. 


SEVENTH    ANNUAL    REUNION. 

The  meeting,'  of  tlie  Old  Settlers  was  highly  iiitere.sting.  It  \va.'<  held  at  Central 
Park,  on  the  10th  of  Septemher,  1874,  Alvah  Diiiilai)  presiding.  Among  the  visitors 
present  was  the  venerable  John  Dixon,  then  nearing  his  ninetieth  hirlhday.  Although 
one  of  the  earliest  settlers  at  tort  Clark,  and  intimately  associated  with  the  people  and 
the  public  affairs  of  Peoria  county  in  early  times,  he  was  an  entire  stranger  to  many  of 
those  present.  lit  was  introduced  to  the  assemblage  by  the  president,  and  was  greeted 
with  three  hearty  cheers.  "Speech!  Speech  I  "  was  voiced  from  many  mouths  as  soon 
as  the  cheers  subsided.  He  declined  to  make  a  si)eech,  but  being  iirgetl  to  tell  how  he 
happened  to  come  to  this  country,  essayed  to  answer  in  a  few  words,  but  as  he  referred 
to  old  times,  slumbering  memories  were  awakened,  and  catching  the  enthusiasm  of  the 
masses  by  which  he  was  surrounded,  lie  made  quite  an  interesting  talk.  His  remarks 
were  full  of  humor,  and  happily  received.  He  relateil  how  he  was  chosen  clerk  of  the 
County  Commissioners'  (^)urt,  how  he  was  elected  clerk  of  the  Circuit  Court,  and  how 
he  became  a  great  office-holder,  having  more  offices  thrust  upon  him  than  he  knew  what 
to  do  with.  He  was  clerk  of  the  County  Commissioner's  Court,  Circuit  Court,  Justice 
of  the  Peace,  hotel  keeper  (^in  his  log  cabin),  and  fanner  at  the  same  time. 

Letters  were  reatl  from  Hon.  W.  J.  Phelps,  Col.  T.  J.  Henderson  and  Hon.  R.  J. 
Oglesby,  expressing  regret  at  their  inability  to  be  present  at  this  gathering  of  the  old  men 
and  women,  whose  courage,  enterprise  and  industry,  made  Peoria  county  a  garden  of 
beauty  and   productiveness. 

After  these   letters  were   read,  a  recess  of  two  hours  was  taken  for  dinner.     When 


HISTORY  OF   PEORIA   COUNTY.  441 

the  meeting  was  called  to  order  at  twq  o'clock  P.  M.,  John  Todhunter,  an  old  settler,  was 
introduced  as  orator  of  the  day.  His  speech  was  replete  with  reminiscenses,  and  era- 
bodied  a  complete  review  of  life-experiences  in  a  new  country.  Mr.  Todhunter  is  a  gen- 
tleman of  versatile  intellect,  readj'  tongue,  retentive  memory  and  varied  experience,  so 
that  a  better  selection  for  orator  could  not  have  been  made. 

A  short  address  was  also  made  by  Hon.  John  Hamlin,  who  was  folio  ived  by  John  M. 
Roberts,  of  Moreton,  who  came  from  New  York  to  Illinois,  in  the  early  part  of  1832. 
Bloomington  was  the  first  place  in  the  State  where  he  found  a  settlement,  and  that  set- 
tlement consisted  of  only  a  few  log  huts.  Traveling  on  towards  Peoria,  he  came  to  the 
log  hut  of  Isaac  Funk,  who  was  the  nearest  settler  to  Peoria.  Mr.  Funk  was  sick  in  bed 
at  the  time  with  tlie  prevailing  disease  of  the  countr}',  bilious  fever.  At  the  beginning 
of  the  Black  Hawk  war,  the  speaker  was  the  only  iifer  in  his  neighborhood,  and  he  was 
enlisted  to  form  a  company-  for  that  conflict,  which  was  organized  at  Pekiu.  He  still 
lives  upon  the  same  land  on  wliich  he  settled  when  he  came  to  the  countr}'. 

EIGHTH    ANNUAL   REUNION    AT   CENTRAL   PARK,    SEPTEMBER    10,    1875. 

There  is  no  written  record  of  this  reunion  on  the  journal  of  the  Unioii,  and  this 
sketcli  is  made  from  newspaper  reports,  which,  with  the  exception  of  the  address  of  Dr. 
J.  T.  Stewart,  is  necessaril}'  brief. 

ADDRESS    OP   DR.    STEWART. 

In  the  morning  of  life  the  sun  shines  brightest.  In  the  mominp'  of  life  the  green  earth  puts  on  a  deeper  green. 
The  rosy  hues  of  the  sky  are  more  rosy.  The  sparkling  dew  drops  are  real  gems.  The  twinkling  stars  are  real 
diamonds.  The  flowery  fields  are  more  gorgeous,  their  fragrance  more  delicate.  The  rainbow  comes  and  vanishes 
away,  but  the  bow  of  hope  never  fades.  In  the  morning  of  life  we  drink  in  all  the  surrounding  sweetness,  beauty  and 
fragrance,  and  they  are  stamped  on  our  minds  forever.  In  later  years  we  look  back  upon  this  period  as  an  Eden 
from  which  we  have  been  banished. 

Those  who  in  early  life  have  lived  and  mingled  together,  with  the  same  surroundings  and  under  simil.Tr  circum- 
stances, can  look  back  upon  essentially  the  same  picture. 

It  is  for  this  purpose  we  have  come  together  to-day.     The  same  panorama  is  passing  before  us  all. 

We  who  are  here  assembled  have  had  essentially  the  same  surroundings,  the  same  experiences,  the  same  hardships 
to  endure,  the  same  bright  hopes  to  buoy  us  up  —  the  same  joys,  the  same  sorrows. 

We  have  seen  and  lived  in  one  of  the  fairest  and  richest  spots  of  the  earth,  when  it  was  in  its  pristine  beauty; 
.  we  have  with  our  own  hands  broken  the  virgin   soil  and  laid  the  foundation  of  civilization  in  the  wilderness.     As 
nature  is  rough,  wild,  romantic,  grand  and  free,  so  were  we. 

We  found  this  country,  as  I  said,  in  a  state  of  nature,  without  a  house,  without  a  fence,  without  a  road,  with- 
out a  bridge,  without  a  town,  without  a  city,  without  aschool,  wifhout  a  church. 

What  did  we  have?  for  nature  has  her  compensations.  §he  will  not  sufl'er  any  of  her  children  to  be  deprived  of 
all  her  blessings.  What  did  we  have?  We  had  freedom.  Many  of  the  conventionalities  that  now  trammel  us  were 
unnecessary  and  unknown.  We  had  strong  arms  and  willing  hearts  to  battle  with  the  elements,  build  our  houses  and 
provide  the  necessities  of  life ;  we  had  unbounded  confidence  in  each  other,  and  that  confidence  was  rarely  misplaced ; 
we  had  a  society  that  was  democratic  in  the  true  sense  of  the  word  ;  we  had  a  warmth  of  feeling  toward  each  other 
and  a  free-hearted,  open  hospitality  that  is  to-day  unknown. 

We  had  unlimited  pasturage  for  our  cattle,  and  our  meadows  were  bounded  only  by  the  forests;  we  had  the  land 
before  us  and  could  choose  our  own  abode  with  none  to  dispute  our  right.  I  must  here  make  one  exception.  The 
Indians  had  a  prior  claim  on  all  this  country  and  sometimes  made  us  serious  trouble. 

In  1832  the  Black  Hawk  war  broke  out.  In  Bureau  county  some  families  were  butchered  and  others  had  to  fly 
for  their  lives.  In  this  county  there  was  much  fear  but  no  serious  danger.  In  Putnam  county  the  settlers  had  to 
build  forts  and  remain  in  them  for  safety  during  the  war.  I  lived  in  one  of  them  three  months.  I  think  that  was 
the  happiest  three  months  of  my  life.  liut  alas  for  human  happiness  !  It  is  never  unalloyed  ;  while  we  boys  were  at 
the  very  height  of  our  enjoyments  our  worthy  fathers  employed  a  stray  schoolmaster  who  happened  to  be  in  the  fort 
and  left  us  to  his  tender  mercies,  while  they  went  in  squads  with  their  guns,  their  plows  and  hoes  to  work  their  corn 
fields,  first  to  one  farm  and  then  to  another;  we  also  had  a  stray  pracher  in  the  fort  by  the  name  of  McDonald.  He 
served  as  chaplain  and  made  himself  generally  useful  as  well  as  ornamental.  A  mile  and  a  half  from  this  fort  was  a 
log  meeting  house;  we  being  piously  inclined  went  to  this  house  on  Sundays  and  held  religious  service.  A  guard 
was  left  at  the  fort,  and  the  rest  of  the  men  with  their  guns  and  what  women  and  children  could  go  went  regularly  to 
church.  I  well  remember  going  repeatedly  to  this  place  and  hearing  McDonald  preach  with  a  guard  placed  outside 
and  the  guns  of  the  male  members  of  the  congregation  stacked  in  the  corners  of  the  church. 

Near  one  side  of  this  building,  within  a  stone's  throw,  was  a  thicket ;  hundreds  of  r\cres  of  ground    covered  with 

hazel  and  other  underbrush,  where  ten  regiments  of  Indians  might  have  concealed  themselves  and  at  any  time  dashed 

upon  and  slaughtered  us.     The  road  leading  to  and  from  the  church  went  through  a   portion  of  this   thicket.     Why 

these  men  should  not  have  held  their  meetings  at  the  fort,  why  they  should  go  ott  to  this  out-of-the-way  log  house  and 

29 


44-2  HISTORY  OF   PEORIA  COUNTY 

thus  needlessly  expose  thenoiclves.  their  wives  and  children  to  ihe  dangers  they  did,  has  always  been  a  mystery  to  me. 
The  only  theory  that  to  my  mind  gives  any  rational  solution,  is  this  :  They  had  such  implicit  faith  in  Providence 
they  could  not  believe  any  harm  would  befall  ihcm  while  they  went  up  to  the  house  of  God  to  worship.  And  not 
only  that,  I  believe  they  thought  it  gave  ihem  additional  security  during  the  week.  They  evidently  thought  it  was 
their  duly. 

.\  soldier  in  the  line  of  duty  may  brave  any  danger  and  not  falter ;  but  when  he  thinks  he  is  not  doing  bis  duly, 
the  moment  he  is  exposed  to  d.ingcr  he  is  a  coward. 

For  the  Indian!)  I  wi-.h  to  say  a  word.  In  time  of  peace  they  were,  as  a  rule,  friends  of  the  settlers  and  did  them 
many  acts  of  kindness.  They  trealcfl  the  settlers  better  than  the  settlers  treated  them.  Their  word  was  unimpeach- 
able. Put  them  on  their  honor  and  you  could  trust  them  with  any  thing  you  had.  If  they  found  one  in  distress  they 
never  failed  to  u-e  all  means  in  their  power  to  relieve  that  distress.  They  would  give  the  last  moriel  of  food  to 
a  hungry  man.  They  would  go  any  distance,  night  or  day.  to  guide  one  home,  who  was  lost.  If  it  were  necessary  to 
stay  with  them  over  night,  they  would  give  him  the  best  they  had,  and  his  life  and  personal  effects  were  safer  than 
they  are  to-day  in  any  house  in  Peoria.  If  a  man  was  sick  they  would  give  him  their  simple  medicines,  some- 
times hunt  all  day  in  the  woods  for  something  they  thought  would  relieve  him  and  travel  for  miles  to  bring  it 
to  him. 

Notwithstanding  their  degradation  and  their  many  bad  traits,  it  is  sad,  very  sad  for  us  who  have  known  their 
kindness  and  their  many  good  qualities  to  think  of  them  as  a  dying  race.  But  the  laws  of  nature  arc  inexorable. 
Men  have  their  period  nf  existence  and  must  die.  Races  have  their  period  of  existence  and  must  die.  The  Indian 
race  has  fulfilled  its  mission  in  the  world  and  is  now  going  out  of  it.  Their  "days  are  in  the  scar  and  yellow  leaf," 
yea,  even  the  autumn  of  their  life  is  passed,  t'lc  pitiless  Winter  is  upon  them,  whose  drifting  snows  will  bury  them 
out  of  sight  forever. 

My  personal  history  is  of  little  moment,  but  taken  in  connection  with  the  early  settling  of  the  State  may  be  of 
some  interest.  .My  father  moved  from  Southern  Ohio  to  Bond  county,  Illinois,  in  1820,  two  years  after  the  tenitory 
was  admitted  into  the  Union  as  a  State.  Then  all  north  of  a  line  drawn  from  a  few  miles  north  nf  St.  Louis,  east, 
with  the  exception  of  a  few  settlers  in  the  vie  nity  of  Beardstown,  and  a  very  few  in  the  vicinity  of  this  place  and 
Pekin  was  an  unbroken  wilderness.  South  of  that  line  were  a  few  thousand  immigrants  chiefly  from  Ohio,  Kentucky, 
Tennessee,  North  and  South  Carolina. 

My  father  took  a  piece  of  land  six  miles  north  of  Oieenville,  the  county  scat,  and  twenty  miles  from  Vandalia, 
then  the  capital  of  the  State.  This  was  not  a  fortunate  move  for  him.  The  land  was  flat  and  poor,  and  in  those  days 
in  that  locality  the  horse-flies  were  so  bad  that  it  was  almost  impossible  to  work  corn  or  drive  a  team  across  one  of 
those  prairies  during  that  lime  of  the  year. 

In  a  wet  season  the  corn  was  drowned  out,  and  withal  we  had  a  Irauntiful  supply  of  chills  and  fevers. 

lie  improved  Ins  farm  as  best  he  could,  lived  upon  it  twelve  years,  and  then  sold  11  with  all  the  improvements, 
including  a  bearing  orchard,  for  just  twenty  dollars  more  than  he  paid  for  the  land  in  the  land  office.  I  have  heard 
him  say  that  this  was  the  best  trade  he  ever  made  in  his  life,  for  he  moved  to  Putnam  county,  where  he  obtained 
more  land  of  the  best  quality  and  in  a  dry,  healthy  locality. 

It  was  during  his  sojourn  in  Bond  county,  in  1824,  I  was  born.  I  have  no  very  distinct  recollection  of  that 
event,  but  the  fact  of  its  occurrence  is  well  authenticated. 

.Vmong  my  earliest  recollections  is,  of  ray  father  shooting  a  wolf  from  his  very  door  yard;  of  him  bringing  in  deer 
and  wild  turkeys  he  had  killed,  and  the  savory  dishes  they  made ;  of  visiting  a  c.inip  of  Imlians  near  his  house,  of  his 
feeding  a  half  a  dozen  of  ihein  at  his  table  ;  of  his  telling  us  "  if  it  were  not  for  you,  children,  I  would  go  to  the  lead 
mines  and  get  rich."  The  Galena  lead  mine  excitement  was  then  at  fever  heat.  Of  old  Black  Kanny  and  her  broad- 
sword. Fanny  was  a  runaway  slave  from  Kentucky,  who  carried  a  veiy  large  sword  to  protect  herself  against  any 
one  who  might  attempt  to  captuie  and  lake  her  back  i^to  slavery. 

This  was  actually  attempted  by  a  man  by  the  name  of  McGoon,  with  a  posse  of  men  from  Kentucky,  but  was 
defeated  by  her  bravery  ami  the  assistance  of  the  neighbors.  She  lived  there  many  years  afterwards,  was  regarded  a» 
a  heroine,  and  was,  withal,  a  very  good  woman.  These  are  a  few  of  the  little  incidents  that  reach  back  into  the 
early  twilight  of  my  life. 

In  all  the  speeches  I  have  heard  at  old  settlers'  gatherings  I  have  never  heard  yet  one  word  about  the  children 
of  old  settlers.  From  this  uniform  silence  one  might  infer  that  they  had  no  children;  but  ladies  and  gentlemen,  1 
can  assure  you  that  would  be  an  erroneous  inference,  and  being  one  of  them  myself  I  have  a  word  to  say  in  their 
behalf. 

They  shared  the  privations  of  frontier  life,  e<|ually  with  their  fathers  and  mothers.  They  sometimes  suffered 
with  cold  and  hunger.  Many  of  them  died  from  disease  in  consequence  of  insuthcieiit  or  unsuitable  food,  (.lothing 
and  housing.  Many  of  the  means  of  amusement  that  are  now  common  with  us  were  to  them  unknown.  The  old 
settlers  very  generally  held  to  the  belief  that  a  reasoiialile  and  sometimes  an  unreasonnble  amount  of  rough  usage  was 
conducive  to  their  happiness,  as  it  w.is  a  soit  of  loughcniiig,  hardening  process  that  every  child  should  go  through  to 
make  it  develop  into  a  strong  man  or  woman.  This  was  a  very  serious  error  and  sometimes  with  the  feebler  ones 
proved  to  be  a  fatal  mistake.  They  pointed  to  the  Indians  who  lived,  as  they  said,  in  a  stale  of  nature,  as  examples 
of  health  and  strength,  forgetting  that  they  raised  but  few  children,  not  enough  to  keep  up  their  numbers,  the  feebler 
ones  dying  fur  want  of  pioper  care  and  exposure.  Toys  were  lyi  regarded  as  important,  but  as  rather  trifling 
things  and  not  to  I.e  encouraged.  This  was  also  a  mistake.  The  means  of  education  were  necessarily  limited.  I 
do  not  make  these  remarks  to  reflect  upon  the  early  settlers,  or  to  insinuate  that  they  weie  wanting  in  alVection  for 
their  cliililrcn.  That  would  be  doinp  tlicni  a  great  injustice.  They  had  as  warm  hearts  as  any  pet  jde  that  ever  lived 
and  would,  and  sometimes  did,  sactilice  themselves  to  ilcfend  and  protect  their  children.  Il  arose  fioni  two  causes 
F"irst,  the  circumstances  in  which  they  weie  placed,  remlering  it  necessary  to  devote  most  of  their  time  and  energies 
to  obtain  the  necessities  of  life  ;  and,  second,  to  erroneous  theories  in  relation  to  the  mental,  moral  and  phyaical 
development  of  children. 


HISTORY  OF  PEORIA  COUNTY.  443 

Notwithstanding  all  these  drawbacks  and  disadvantages,  our  lives  liod  al)ii;;hl  side  ;  for,  as  I  before  said,  nature 
has  her  compensations  ;  we  knew  nothing  else  ;  we  were  unconscious  of  tlie  existence  of  the  things  we  were  de- 
prived of;  we  were  like  the  beggar  girl  in  New  York  who,  with  her  mother,  one  cold  night  took  shelter  under  a 
cellar  door.  She  remarked  to  her  mother,  "  Ma,  ain't  you  sorry  for  the  poor  folks  that  have  no  cellar  door  to  get 
under?"  Knowledge  is  obtained  by  comparison.  The  Greenlander  will  not  believe  there  are  any  fairer  fields  or 
greener  hills  than  hisoA-n. 

We  had  the  green  open  fields  for  our  playgrounds  ;  we  basked  in  the  sunshine  and  in  the  shade.  No  one  who 
has  not  seen  the  primitive  prairies  can  realize  their  beauty.  In  the  Springtime  they  were  spread  with  a  carpet  of 
flowers.  I  have  time  and  again  spent  whole  days  on  them.  When  I  look  back  forty  years  I  see  them  now  as  I  saw 
them  then  in  all  their  freshness  and  beauty,  but  never  again  except  in  imagination  expect  to  see  such  a  wilderness  of 
bloom.  In  the  Summer  tliere  was  not  such  a  profusion  of  flowers,  yet  they  were  many  and  varied  ;  and  in  the  Fall, 
above  tlie  tall  grass  shone  the  asters,  golden  rods,  phloxes,  wild  sunflowers,  and  a  host  of  others  —  wh  ite,  light  and 
deep  blue,  purple,  red.  flesh  color,  pink,  crimson,  scarlet,  yell. )w  and  orange  —  all  blending  harmoniously  together 
and  with  the  deep  rich  green  of  the  grasses. 

We  gathered  the  wild  strawberry,  blackberry,  raspberry,  gooseberry,  cherry  and  plum.  Some  of  these  were  very 
abundant.  I  liave  seen  hundreds  of  acres  literally  covered  with  wild  blackberry  bushes  loaded  with  (ruit.  I  have 
seen  the  finest  of  wild  plums,  so  abundant  they  could  be  gathered  by  the  bushel. 

In  the  Fall  we  laid  upa  supply  of  hazel  nuts,  hickory  nuts  and  walnuts  for  Winter.  When  old  enough  we  often 
amused  ourselves  hunting  and  fishing.  Children  growing  up  under  such  circumstances,  with  such  surroundings, 
naturally  acquire  more  love  for  nature  than  art. 

We  grew  impatient  of  restraint  and  despised  conventionalities. 

I  believe  children  of  strong  physique  and  large  brain,  brought  up  on  the  frontier,  are  likely  to  develop  into  large  r 
proportions  and  make  greater  men  than  those  brought  up  and  educated  in  the  older  States,  but  they  are  not  apt  to 
accumulate  wealth  —  they  have  not  had  financial  training.  Those  who  come  in  later  have  the  advantage  in  this 
regard,  and  usually  surpass  them  in  that  line. 

If  I  were  to  choose  a  p'ace  for  a  child  to  be  born  in,  I  «'Ould  choose  a  wild  and  romantic  one,  that  is  yet  in  a 
state  of  nature.  1  would  give  him  the  prairies  and  the  forests  for  his  playgrounds.  I  would  have  them  in  all  their 
freshness,  beauty  and  grandeur,  Impressed  upon  his  mind,  while  it  is  young  and  plastic.  I  would  give  him  all  the 
freedom  that  is  compatible  with  civilization.  A  strong  physical  development  is  the  foundation  of  mental  power. 
When  this  was  well  developed  and  a  love  of  nature  made  a  part  of  his  existence,  I  would  throw  him  in  contact  with 
men.  He  has  now  a  foundation  on  which  to  build.  The  rough  corners  will  wear  oft'  while  his  strength  remains. 
He  will  then  have  a  freedom,  a  breadth  of  thought,  and  boldness  of  action  that  can  be  acquired  no  other  way.  It  is 
a  notorious  fact  that  most  of  the  great  merchants,  machinists,  physicians,  lawyers,  ministers  and  scientists  of  our  great 
cities  were  brought  up  in  the  country,  and  many  of  them  on  the  frontier.  In  our  great  anxiety  to  refine  and  educate 
our  children,  we  are  weakening  them.  We  are  making  them  nice  and  precocious  at  the  expense  of  their  vitality. 
We  must  go  back  two  thousand  years,  to  the  Spartans,  and  learn  how  to  make  men  and  women. 

Fifty  year»  ago  the  few  scattered  settlers  of  this  State  had  no  conception  of  the  greatness  and  grandeur  of  its 
future.  They  had  no  means  of  knowing.  Perhaps  they  knew  as  well  as  we  know  what  the  condition  of  things  will 
be  fifty  years  hence.  There  is  no  period  of  time  in  which  we  can  with  certainty  judge  the  future  by  the  past.  Had 
it  not  Ijeen  for  the  introduction  of  railroads,  their  calculations  would  not  have  been  so  far  wrong.  That  element  of 
which  they  had  no  means  of  knowing  produced  a  revolution.  What  new  element  may  be  invented  and  intro- 
duced in  tlie  next  quarter  or  half  a  century  that  will  still  more  revolutionize  trade  and  the  distribution  of  popu- 
lation, no  one  can   tell. 

From  1825  to  1S50  there  was  no  great  or  marked  change.  The  population  increased,  settlements  were  extended, 
immigrants  penetrated  all  sections  of  the  State.  Thrifty  villages  sprung  up  in  the  interior,  supported  by  the  sur- 
rounding settlements  ;  but  tlie  chief  towns  were  on  the  rivers  and  on  Lake  Michigan.  All  the  settlements  were  on 
or  near  the  borders  of  the  timber,  and  the  interior  villages  never  dreamed  of  being  anything  more  than  villages.  The 
great  prairies  lay  undisturbed,  except  on  their  borders.  No  one  any  more  thought  of  them  bein.;  settled  than  we 
think  of  the  Desert  of  Sahara  being  settled.  In  looking  back  over  those  early  settlements,  one  curious  fact  is  worthy 
of  notice.  The  different  sects  of  religion  were  represented  in  the  different  settlements.  Two  or  three  Presbyterian 
families  would  strike  out  and  form  the  nucleus  of  a  new  settlement.  They  would  write  to  and  visit  their  friends  of 
the  same  faith  and  induce  some  of  them  to  join  with  them.  Their  combined  influence  would  draw  in  others,  until, 
in  a  few  years,  they  would  have  a  large  Presbyterian  community.  Ten  miles  distant  there  would  lie  a  Methodist 
community  gotten  up  in  the  same  way,  with  perhaps  not  a  Presbyterian  in  it.  A  little  way  in  another  direction 
would  be  a  Baptist  settlement.  In  a  few  sections  there  was  a  mixture  of  all,  and  some  even  without  any  church 
members  at  all.  These  .sects  were  not  harmonious,  no  one  of  them  had  any  love  for  the  others,  each  wanted  to  estab- 
lish its  peculiar  faith  in  the  new  country,  and  felt  it  a  special  duty  to  accomplisli  that  object.  Their  zeal  was  often 
greater  than  their  knowledge.  This  sometimes  led  to  disputes  and  quarrels  in  which  a  whole  neighborhood  became 
involved.  As  the  settlements  increased  in  numbers  they  became  more  mixed,  and  as  they  learned  more  of  each 
other  these  asperities  softened.  Men  began  to  suspect  there  might  be  some  good  Christians  that  did  not  belong  to 
their  sect,  and  that  possibly  there  might  be  some  good  men  who  were  not  Christians  at  all.  Christians  are  now  more 
liberal,  but  less  zealous,  and  I  am  sorry  to  say  less  honest.  A  man's  word  was  then  better  than  his  note  is  now.  Liti- 
gation was  rare,  arbitration  common.  In  1845  to  1S50  the  whole  scene  began  to  change,  and  the  change  came  so 
rapidly  we  old  settlers  could  not  well  adapt  ourselves  to  it ;  we  could  not  realize  it;  many  were  drifted  ashore  and 
left  high  and  dry  while  the  great  stream  of  life  flowed  on  ;  others,  with  quicker  perception  and  broader  comprehen- 
sion, kept  in  the  current,  keeping  pace  with  the  march  of  events. 

The  Illinois  Central  Railroad  from  Cairo  to  Galena  and  from  Centralia  to  Chicago,  making  691  miles  of  road, 
was  built  in  a  very  short  space  of  time.  Almost  simultaneously  with  this  the  Chicago  and  Rock  Island  sprang  into 
existence,  followed  by  a  net-work  of  roads  too  numerous  to  mention.      They  penetrated  all  the  great  prairies,  render- 


44-1  HISTORY    OF   PEORIA   COUNTT. 

ing  them  aviiUble  for  s-Mbmrnt  and  brought  with  them  »  tidal  w»ve  of  population  ind  business.  It  changed  the 
currents  of  travel  and  cjmmercs.  It  diverted  the  travel  from  our  river  and  most  of  its  freight.  It  built  up  towns 
and  ciiici  ill  the  interior  where  before  there  wa'i' nothing  but  open  prairie  or  small  villages.  It  made  a  great  city 
of  Chicago.  She  made  the  great  Northwest  tributary  to  her,  and  in  an  incredibly  short  time  developed  into  one  of 
the  chief  cities  of  the  world. 

One  local  effect  of  the  introduction  of  railroads  should  here  receive  notice.  I'eoria  was  not  fortunate  enough 
to  secure  any  important  lines  of  road  until  she  was  belted  round  with  them,  her  travel  taken  away,  and  her  trade  cut 
off  in  every  direction.  For  fifteen  years  she  virtually  stood  siill.  While  Springfield,  Bloomington.  Galesburg.  and 
other  inland  (owns  were  building  up,  accumulating  wealth  and  rising  in  importance,  &he  was  hedged  in.  and  but  little 
more  than  holding  her  own.  We  knew  from  the  natural  advantage^!  of  our  location  we  must  in  time  make  an  impor- 
tant  city,  but  "  hope  dcf<.-rred  makelh  the  heart  sick,"  and  many  became  despondent  and  some  left. 

We  finally  got  the  T.  P.  &  W.  road  through  to  the  Stale  line,  but  our  connection  there  was  with  a  road  run  in 
the  interest  of  Chicago.  We  got  another  line  east  but  its  connection  was  controlled  by  the  same  interest.  Ingo- 
ing east  we  were  compelled  to  submit  to  annoying  delays,  or  go  round  l)y  Chicago.  Travel  and  traffic  coming  west 
was  forced  round  the  same  channel.  Chicago  held  us  in  her  hand  and  had  no  mercy  on  us.  Finally  Cincinnati, 
Pittsburg,  Baltimore  and  Philadelphia  saw  that  Chicago  was  not  all  the  West  and  determined  that  all  other  interests 
should  not  be  subservient  to  her':.  They  having  the  means  and  the  will  broke  down  these  barriers  and  gave  us  free 
exit.  Then  our  pro>perily  began  —  then  a  new  era  dawned  upon  us.  Now  our  railroad  facilities  are  not  surpassed, 
and  our  future  is  as  bright  as  any  other  city  in  the  West. 

The  contrast  between  our  mode  of  living  forty  years  ago  and  now,  is  very  great.  We  enjoyed  it  then  because  not 
many  of  us  knew  anything  else;  but  none  o(  us  would  like  to  go  back  to  it  again  ;  we  lived  in  log  cabins  with  pun- 
cheon floors  and  no  carpets  ;  we  wore  the  plainest  of  clothing,  most  of  it  home  made.  I  have  raised  flax —  pulled  it, 
dried  it,  threshed  it,  rotted  it,  broke  it,  skutched  it  and  hetched  it.  My  mother  has  then  taken  it  and  made  shins, 
pants  and  coals  for  me. 

I  have  raised  sheep  and  sheared  them,  washed  the  wool,  hauled  it  thirty  miles  to  a  carding  machine,  and  brought 
home  the  rolls.  My  mother  has  spun  them  into  yarn,  wove  it  into  cloth,  and  cut  and  made  up  this  cloth  into  winter 
clothing. 

I  remember,  when  a  Utile  boy,  of  my  mother  going,  several  limes,  about  two  miles  to  a  certain  place  where  some 
quill  wood  grew.  She  brought  home  the  canes,  scraped  off  the  outside  bark,  cut  them  into  proper  lengths,  pu.shed 
out  the  pith,  and  m^ide  empties  of  them.  Upon  these  empties  she  wound  the  yarn  with  a  reel,  or  made  us  boys  do  it, 
and  made  quills  to  put  on  the  shuttle,  to  weave  cloth  with. 

Years  afterwards,  when  I  studied  botany,  I  wondered  and  wondered  what  that  quill  wood  was,  and  was  finally 
delighted  beyond  measure  to  find  the  identical  thing  growing  on  Kickapoo  creek.  It  proved  to  be  the  hydrangia  ar- 
borescence.  I  look  a  stalk  of  it  and  planted  it  in  my  garden,  where  it  now  grows  and  shall  grow  as  long  as  the  mem- 
ory of  my  mother  and  old  limes  last. 

It  was  a  common  thing  to  go  to  mill,  ten  and  twelve  miles  (sometimes  thirty).  This  I  have  done  myself.  I  well 
remember  going  to  mill  one  time  wiih  an  older  brother,  with  an  ox  team.  We  had  to  cross  a  prairie  ten  miles  wide, 
without  a  house.  In  doing  this  we  mired  down  three  times  and  each  time  had  to  carry  ihe  entire  load  across  the 
slough  on  our  backs,  and  then  gel  the  oxen  and  wagon  out  the  best  way  we  could.  We  finally  made  our  way  through, 
got  our  flour  and  returned  safely  home  and,  withal,  had  a  very  enjoyable  trip. 

I  well  remember  seeing  potatoes  sold  for  five  cents  a  bushel.  I  well  remember  hauling  wheat  from  Putnam 
county  to  Chicago  and  selling  it  for  fifty  cents  a  bushel.  I  well  remember  of  my  father  selling  eight  hundred  bushcU 
of  as  fins  wheat  as  ever  grew  for  thirty  cents  per  bushel. 

The  school  house  in  which  I  was  taught  to  read  I  could  throw  a  cat  through  between  the  logs,  and  Ihe  windows 
were  tilled  with  oiled  paper  instead  of  glass. 

The  first  church  I  ever  attended  had  the  ground  for  a  floor  and  a  fire  built  in  the  center  without  chimney  or  flue, 
true  Indian  fashion.  Then  we  had  a  mail  once  in  two  weeks,  and  we  paid  twenty-five  cents  postage  for  a  letter. 
Five  letters  cost  just  as  much  as  an  acre  of  land.  No  one  complained  of  this.  No  one  thought  a  letter  could  be 
carried  for  le^s  money. 

In  the  professions  there  was  here  and  there  a  man  of  education  and  sense  ;  but  the  average  professional  gentle- 
men were  not  of  a  high  order. 

Now.  a  lawyer  to  be  prepared  for  business,  requires  a  ton  or  more  of  books  ;  then  an  armful  sufficed  with  a  cor- 
responding amount  of  legal  knowledge. 

The  Mclhodisl  minister  was  prepared  to  prove  that  John  Wesley  was  ihe  greatest  man  that  ever  lived,  and  the 
doctrine  of  falling  from  grace,  to  disprove  Calvaiiism,  the  doctrine  of  elections.  God's  foreknowledge  and  his  decreet. 

The  Baptist  never  failed  to  prove  that  immersion  wai  the  true  and  only  mode  of  administering  the  rite  of  baptism, 
and  that  wiiliout  it  no  one  could  be  saved. 

The  Presbyterian  could  demonstrate  to  any  rational  man  who  was  not  blinded  by  sin,  the  truth  of  Calvanism, 
original  sin,  God's  foreknowledge,  his  decrees,  election,  fore-ordination,  baptism  by  sprinkling  and  the  perseverance 
uf  the  saints. 

They  all  agreed,  however,  on  one  thing,  and  never  tired  ringing  it  in  our  ears  :  that  was  the  doctrine  of  eternal 
damnation. 

The  physician  mounted  his  horse  with  his  saddle-bags,  which  contained  the  following  nrlicles,  viz  :  a  pound  of 
■alts,  a  bottle  of  castor  oil,  a  bottle  of  calomel  and  jalap,  a  bottle  of  tartar  emetic,  a  lancet  and  a  fly  blister.  This 
was  his  entire  stock,  and  when  that  failed,  the  Lord  help  the  patient. 

I  might  go  on  and  specify  many  other  things,  but  this  is  enough  to  give  an  idea  of  the  settlers  and  Ihe  country 
at  that  time.  Forty  years  have  wrought  a  complete  revolution  ;  yet  foily  years  ago  men  were  as  happy  as  they  are 
now.  Times,  manners  and  customs  change,  and  we  must  change.  The  inarch  of  improvement  is  ever  onward,  and 
we  must  march  with  il.     Wc  may  enjoy  certain  circumstances  and  condilinns,  but  when   these  have    changcil,  passed 


HISTORY   OF  PEORIA   COUNTY.  446 

away,  and  new  ones  have  taken  their  place,  we  can  not  go  back  and  enjoy  tliem  again.     We  enjoy  our  childhood  state, 
but  when  we  are  fifty  year's  oldlhe  things  that  pleased  and  satisfied  us  will  please  and  satisfy  us  nomore. 

Ladies  and  gentlemen.  I  now  bid  you  adieu  !  I  hope  to  meet  you  on  many  more  occasions  like  this.  The  ranks 
of  the  original  settlers  are  growing  thin ;  there  is  now  but  a  remnant  left ;  the  frost  of  age  is  upon  them  all,  and  one 
by  one  Father  Time  is  bearing  ihem  away.  May  he  spare  them  yet  a  little  longer.  May  he  remember  their  long 
and  troubled  lives  ;  have  compassion  on  their  gray  hairs  ;  bear  them  gently  down  the  sunset  of  life,  and  when  he 
must  claim  them  for  his  own.  land  them  where  there  is  a  fairer  clime  and  greener  fields  than  ours,  where  trouble 
shall  cease,  where  every  tear  shall  be  dried,  where  sickness,  pain  and  sorrow  shall  be  known  no  more  forever. 

MISCELLANEOUS    REMARKS. 

At  the  close  of  Dr.  Stewart's  remarks,  which  were  well  received,  Geo.  H.  Kettelle 
was  called  for,  and  in  a  fifteen  minutes  speech  acquitted  himself  handsomeljs  comparing 
the  old  and  new.  He  was  followed  by  Dr.  Castle,  formerly  of  Peoria,  now  of  Stark 
count}'.  Mr.  Kettelle,  at  the  close  of  his  speech,  presented,  on  behalf  of  Perry  Frazier, 
a  bread  plate  to  Mr.  Wm.  Blanchard,  of  Tazewell  county,  being  the  widest  settler  in  this 
portion  of  the  State,  and  the  first  white  man  married  in  Peoria  county,  which  took  place 
in  1825.  Mr.  Blanchard  returned  his  thanks  in  telling  of  what  he  found  in  Illinois  on 
his  arrival  in  the  State  in  1819.  Dr.  Castle  was  most  complimentary  in  his  remarks  to 
the  city  of  Peoria,  stating  that  we  have  the  handsomest  and  most  healthy  location  he  ever 
saw,  and  predicted  at  no  distant  day  the  old  settlers  of  this  count}'  will  meet  in  a  city  of 
an  hundred  thousand  inhabitants  instead  of  only  35,000  that  we  now  have.  He  closed  by 
giving  many  incidents  of  especial  interest  to  the  ladies  and  gentlemen  who  remembered 
as  well  as  the  speaker  did  the  occurrences  of  the  long  ago. 

ELECTION   OF   OFFICERS. 

The  Rev.  Mr.  Hall  followed  Dr.  Castle  in  a  few  appropriate  remarks,  and  gave  way 
for  the  election  of  officers,  when  the  following  gentlemen  were  chosen : 

Samuel  Tart,  president ;  John  A.  McCoy,  vice  president ;  George  Bestor,  secretary  ; 
H.  B.  Rouse,  corresponding  secretary,  and  L.  Howell,  treasurer. 

George  H.  Kettelle  offered  the  following  resolution,  which,  after  some  discussion, 
was  adopted : 

Resolved,  That  the  constitution  be  so  amended  that  any  person  residing  in  the  State  of  Illinois  for  more  than 
thirty  years  previous  to  this  time,  be  allowed  to  become  members  of  this  Association,  upon  signing  the  constitution 
and  paying  the  usual  fee. 

On  motion,  the  time  of  the  next  annual  meeting  of  the  society  was  changed  to  the 
4th  of  July. 

The  names  of  Mr.  Isaac  Underbill,  Mrs.  Morse,  John  Sharp,  Mrs.  Dunlap,  Mr.  Bris- 
tow  and  A.  Beal  were  handed  to  the  Secretary  to  be  recorded  as  among  the  dead,  having 
died  since  the  last  meeting. 

NINTH    ANNUAL    REUNION. 

The  ninth  annual  re-union  of  the  Old  Folks,  of  which  there  is  no  written  record, 
was  held  at  Jefferson  Park,  on  the  10th  day  of  September.  1876.  Addresses  were  made 
by  Judge  Weed,  John  T.  Lindsay  and  others.     The  old  officers  were  re-elected. 

TENTH   ANNUAL   REUNION. 

September  5,  1877,  the  tenth  annual  reunion  of  the  surviving  veterans  of  early 
times  in  Peoria  county,  was  held  at  Spring  Hill  Park,  the  use  of  which  had  been  ten- 
dered by  Colonel  Deane.  The  day  was  pleasant,  and  the  attendance  large  and  respecta- 
ble. An  abundance  of  substantials  and  luxuries  had  been  prei>ared  by  the  pioneer 
mothers,  and  dinner  was  served  from  one  to  three  o'clock.  Said  the  Transcript^  of  the 
'  6th  :  "  Two  long  tables  were  spread  just  back  of  the  fountain,  and  were  presided  over 
with  the  grace  and  efficiency  that  always  characterizes  the  ladies  when   they  undertake 


446 


HISTORY   <»F   PKOKIA  COUNTY. 


any  tliinp.     There  were  too  many  present  to  lie  accommodated  at  one  sitting,  and  a  large 
number  had  to  wait  for  the  second  talile." 

After  dinner  the  old  settlers  gathered  "on  the  hill."  wheie  a  speaker's  stand  had 
been  improvised,  and  were  called  to  order  by  President  Tart,  when  the  assemblage,  led 
by  E.  A.  Van  Meter,  Charles  Crucknell,  Miss  Milliard  and  Miss  Kent,  joined  in  singing 
to  the  air  of  the  Old  Folks  at  Hoine,  the  following: 


OLD   SETTLERS     SONG. 


Right  here,  where  Indian  lires  were  lighted. 

Long  ago,  long  ago  ; 
Where  dusky  forms,  by  rxim  incited. 

Danced  wildly  to  and  fro  ; 
Where  birch  canoes,  like  arrows  darting 

Swift  o'er  the  \faves. 
Showed  but  a  gleam  of  waters  parting. 

Cleft  by  the  oars  of  the  braves. 

Chorus  :     We,  Old  Settlers,  come  to  greet  you. 
Proffer  heart  and  hand  ; 
Krcathe,  too,  a  fervent  prayer  to  meet  you 
Yonder,  in  the  spirit  land. 

Old  Black  Hawk,  with  his  chiefs  about  him. 

Once  gathered  here  ; 
Never  a  warrior  dared  to  doubt  him  — 

■■  I'ale  face."  too.  learned  to  fear  ; 
Hut  scalping. knives  and  belts  have  vanished, 

Kires  blaze  no  more  ; 


W^ile,  like  to  Arab  tenl:,,  are  vanished 
Camps  to  the  further  shore. 

Chorus  :     Still,  Old  .Settlers,  we  come  to  greet  you. 
Proffer  heart  and  hand  ; 
Breathe,  too,  a  fervent  prayer  to  meet  you 
Yonder,  in  the  spirit  land. 

Oh  !  brothers,  there  are  dear  old  faces 

Hid  'neath  the  mould  ; 
Forms  missing  from  their  wonted  places. 

Hands  we  love  clasped  still  and  cold. 
While  all  the  vanished  years  behind  us 

Leave  few  to  come  ; 
And  mi.ssing  links  on  earth  remind  us 

Scores  have  been  gathered   Home. 

Chorus  :     Where  with  welcome  shouts  they'll  greet  us. 
When  we  reach  Heaven's  strand  ; 
Fling  wide  the  golden  gales  and  meet  us. 
Brothers,  in  the  better  land. 


After  this  song  was  rendered,  the  president  introduced  Rev.  A.  R.  Morgan,  pastor 
of  the  First  M.  E.  Church,  as  orator  of  the  day.  The  address  of  Mr.  Morgan  was  able 
and  interesting,  but  too  lengthy  to  be  re-produced  entire  in  these  pages,  hence  only  the 
closing  paragraphs,  which  were  expressed  in  well  chosen  words,  are  here  presented : 

"Of  those  who  first  composed  this  society  of  Old  .Settlers,  many  have  enlere<l  into  rest  during  the  year.  I  have 
buried  two  of  your  number.  Other*  will  soon  follow,  and  .soon  not  one  will  be  left  to  tell  of  the  events  which  this 
day  calls  to  your  minds.  Gather  ye,  then,  to  your  greetings  with  truest  friclul^hip.  He  ever  the  friends  of  the  good 
and  true.  He  ever,  with  lenderest  pity,  the  friends  of  ihc  fallen,  the  ignorant  and  the  helplcvt.  Keep  this  day  of 
thanksgiving  in  a  genuine  love.     Let  it  be  engraven  deeply  on  all  your  hearts,  an<l  wear  it  there  through  all  lime. 

"  I  am  glad  to  meet  you.  glad  to  see  you  so  happy,  so  youthful  in  heart  and  .soul,  while  the  shades  of  evening  an: 
setting  upon  you.  We  separate  ;  another  such  a  day  will  never  come  to  us  all.  Lei  me  remind  you,  remind  all,  we 
journey  to  one  goal,  man's  last  resting  place  !  Happy  if  we  march  m  it  .iright.  happy  if,  when  the  sands  have  run 
through  the  hourglass,  when  the  last  rugged  march  along  life's  dreary  pathway  shall  have  been  trodden,  when  the 
last  storm  shall  have  beaten  ujwn  us,  if  the  bow  in  the  cloud  for  us 

'"Shall  sweetly  span  the  vaulted  skies 
.\  pledge  that  storms  shall  cca.«e.' 

"Then  let  me  call  upon  you  to  bury  in  the  grave  of  to-day  the  wrongs,  the  proscriptions,  the  sorrows  of  a  weary 
paat;  bury  the  memory  of  wnmgs,  every  thing  that  corrupts,  corrmles  and  destroys.  Let  every  one  join  in  tilling  up 
the  grave  ;  round  it  over.  Now  clasp  hands  once  again  with  old  and  tried  friends,  forget  ihc  things  th.u  are  behind 
and  reach  on  to  the  future,  renew  your  faith  in  God  and  plight  in  truth  as  pure  as  the  heavens  a  love  stronger  than 
death,  and  go  forward  for  whatever  duty  demands,  whether  labor  or  conflict,  and  soon  you  » ill  hear  the  words  of  the 
Master  as  you  enter  upon  your  final  rest,  '  the  lal>orer  is  worthy  of  his  hire.'" 

John  W.  Caldwell,  of  Tazewell  i^ounty,  followeil  Mr.  Morgan  anrl  matle  i\^  character- 
istic speech.  Flf  alluded  to  the  hardships  of  his  early  life,  or  what  he  considenl  as  hard- 
ships, as  compared  with  the  condition  of  the  people  of  to-<lay.  "  lloininy  was  the  princi- 
pal article  of  food.  The  corn  was  pounded  in  a  mortar,  or  hominy  block.  The  finer 
part  of  the  eriishing  was  sifted  throiigli  a  wire  sieve  .mid  luiidc  into  cuin  bri'.-nl.  and  tlic 
coarser  j)arl  was  used  as  hominy.  There  were  two  mills  within  twelve  or  fifti'i'ii  miles. 
W(!  would  sometimes  go  to  mill  with  a  half  bushel  of  corn  to  have  it  ground  into  meal. 


HISTOUY   OF   PEOKIA   COUNTY.  447 

Sometimes  we  had  to  wait  two  days  to  have  it  ground,  there  were  so  many  others  ahead 
of  us.  Perhaps  our  friends  would  like  to  know  what  kind  of  floors  we  had.  Well,  we 
had  puncheon  floors.  Our  whole  family,  strangers  and  all,  slept  on  beds  made  on  these 
puncheon  floors,  and  we  all  slept,  I  tell  you !  No  matter  where  one  went  in  those  days, 
they  were  among  fi'iends  and  were  never  turned  away."' 

Samuel  King  spoke  next,  and  was  followed  by  William  Blanchard.  Colonel  Dow- 
dall,  of  the  National  Deviocrat,  was  called,  and  in  response,  said  he  had  not  before  wanted 
to  be  counted  among  the  Old  Settlers ;  that  lie  wished  to  be  recognized  as  being  a  young 
man,  but  the  open  prairie  pn  the  top  of  his  head  admonished  him  that  he  was  getting 
along  in  years.  He  came  to  Illinois  in  the  stormy  Winter  of  1835.  Privileges,  comforts 
and  luxuries  were  scarcer  then  than  now.  He  was  not  in  the  war  of  1812,  but  his  father 
was.  The  speaker  related  an  anecdote  about  going  to  mill  once  on  horseback  with  a 
bushel  of  corn  in  one  end  of  the  sack  and  a  rock  in  the  other  end  to  even  it  up,  in  ac- 
cordance with  a  custom  handed  down  from  the  fathers.  As  he  returned  home  with  the 
meal,  he  came  across  a  wolf  track,  and  concluded  to  have  a  wolf  hunt.  In  the  chase  he 
lost  the  meal,  and  didn't  get  the  wolf,  and  consequently  returned  home  empty  handed. 
His  father  forgave  him  for  the  loss  of  the  meal,  but  threatened  to  whip  him  because  he 
didn't  get  the  wolf. 

At  the  conclusion  of  Colonel  Dowdall's  remarks,  the  society  proceeded  to  the  elec-  . 
tion  of  ofiicers,  with  the  following  result : 

President,  Samuel  Tart ;  Vice-President,  John  Todhunter ;  Secretary,  George  L. 
Bestor;  Treasurer,  Lewis  Howell. 

Samuel  Tart,  E.  F.  Nowland,  John  A.  McCoy,  and  John  Todhunter,  of  Peoria,  and 
John  W.  Caldwell,  of  Tazewell,  were  appointed  as  a  committee  to  look  after  the  sick 
among  the  Old  .Settlers,  with  power  to  relieve  their  necessities,  where  necessities  ex- 
isted. ' 

The  gathering  then  dispersed. 

ELEVENTH    ANNUAL   REUNION. 

The  last  annual  meeting  of  the  Old  Fathers  and  Mothers  of  Peoria  county  was  held 
at  Spring  Hill  Park,  on  the  sixth  day  of  September,  1878,  Samuel  Tart  presiding.  "The 
attendance,'"  said  the  National  Democrat,  of  the  7th,  ■'  was  not  as  large  as  it  should  have 
been,  not  more  than  four  hundred  persons  being  present."  Dr.  George  A.  Wilson  de- 
livered the  regular  address,  which  was  principally  devoted  to  historical  reminiscences 
of  Peoria  county.  He  did  not  claim  to  be  the  oldest  settler,  although  that  was  not  his 
fault.  He  was  born  in  1840,  which  was  as  early  as  he  could  settle  anyivhere.  He  spoke 
of  the  early  explorations  of  Marquette,  LaSalle  and  Hennepin  between  the  years  1673  and 
1680.  "  The  first  houses  were  built  in  Peoria  in  1778  and  1779,  and  numbei'ed,  in  1779, 
about  twenty-five.  In  1780  Peoria  first  took  its  name  from  a  tribe  of  Indians,  the 
Peorins.  In  1812  the  French  village  was  destroyed  by  order  of  Capt.  Craig.  Fort  Clark  was 
built  by  soldiers  in  1813,  and  destroyed  by  Indians  in  1819."  The  speaker  then  gave  the 
names  of  the  settlers  who  came  here  in  1819,  also  the  settlers  of  1822. 

In  1824,  Jacob  Wilson,  father  of  tlie  speaker,  Jesse  Walker,  John  Stark,  and  others, 
and  year  by  year  down  to  1836.  He  then  referred  to  the  earlj'  history  of  Peoria  county, 
the  first  persons  elected  to  office,  the  organization  of  the  citj*  government,  etc.,  and  closed 
with  a  happy  tribute  to  the  pioneers  and  early  settlers,  whose  enterprise  laid  the  founda- 
tions of  the  county  and  city's  present  prosperity. 

Doctor  Boal,  Hon.  Washington  Cockle,  Dr.  C.  A.  Roberts,  of  Pekin,  and  William 
Blanchard,  also  made  short  addresses.  Miss  Lou  Deane,  in  a  natural  and  effective  man- 
ner, read  Carleton's  poem,  "  Nancy  and  I  are  Out,"  which  was  enthusiastically  applauded. 
Letters  were  also  read  from  Governor  CuUom  and  Secretary  of  State  George  H.  Harlow, 


448  HISTORY   OF   PEORIA   COUNTY 

expressing  regret  at  not  l)eing  able  to  attend  ;  also,  from  Aciuiila  .1.  Davis  and  .1.  M.  A 
Miller. 

Samuel  Tart  was  re-elected  president ;  John  Todhiinter  vice-president  ;  Lewis 
Howell  treasurer ;  and  George  L.  Bestor  secretary. 

Geo.  L.  Bestor,  secretary,  being  called  suddenly  away  from  earth  in  January  of  1879, 
and  President  Tart  being  temporarily  resident  in  Chicago,  the  vice-president,  John  Tod- 
hunter,  and  secretary-  pro  tern.,  G.  W.  H.  Gilbert,  and  other  members  of  the  society,  con- 
ferred as  to  the  annual  meeting  and  election  of  officers,  and  concluded  to  j)ass  it  over,  in 
the  hope  that  ere  another  Autumn  the  honored  president  would  be  returned  to  tliis  city 
and  his  place  in  the  Society. 

One  by  one  the  old  heroes  and  heroines  are  passing  away.  At  each  of  their 
reunions  there  have  been  fewer  hands  to  clasp,  and  the  bending  forms  and  hoary  heads 
of  those  who  are  still  spared,  tell  plainer  than  words  can  do.  that  soon,  ver}'  soon,  not 
one  of  them  will  be  left  to  tell  the  story  of  the  struggles  and  triumphs  incident  to  the 
settlement  of  the  country  of  the  Peorias,  Kickapoos  and  Pottawatomies. 


CHAPTER    XVI. 

PEORIA    CITY. 

Near  the  lower  end  of  the  expansion  of  the  Illinois  river  denominated  Lake  Peoria, 
and  on  its  north-western  margin,  midway  between  the  two  great  cities  of  the  We.st,  in 
latitude  40°40'  north  and  longitude  12  10'  west  from  Wiu-^hington.  upon  a  sandy  plateau, 
nestles  the  beautiful,  tlirifty  city  of  Peoria.  Were  a  person  to  ascend  to  the  brow  of  the 
bluff  three-fourths  of  a  mile  back  from  the  margin  of  the  lake  and  there  leisurely  survey 
the  magnificent  landscape  spread  out  before  him  ;  the  busy  city  four  or  five  miles  in 
lengtli.  witli  its  broad  avenues,  lined  hy  superb  business  blocks  or  palatial  jirivate  dwell- 
ings, nestling  at  its  feet,  semi-girdled  beyond  l)y  T^ake  Peoria  and  the  Illinois  river  —  a 
great  silver  mirror,  upon  whose  surface  the  sunbeams  dance  in  joyous  glee  — ;  the  many 
miles  of  fertile  valley  skirting  their  borders ;  and  in  the  distance  the  variegated  declivi- 
ties of  the  bluff — the  frame  to  the  picture  ;  and  in  addition  to  this  inspiring  spectacle 
the  beholder  contemplates  the  practical  advantages  of  natural  drainages  of  this  gently 
sloping  gravelly  plateau  ;  and  the  furtlier  grand  fact  tliat  the  country  within  a  radius  of 
a  hunilred  miles  of  Peoria  is  prf>l)ably  uiiequaled  by  a  like  area  in  the  world  for  product- 
iveness, he  at  once  recognizes  a  Divine  handiwork  in  shaping  this  as  a  site  for  a  great 
commercial  metropolis.  The  observer  is  not  surprise  that  tlie  Indians  selected  it  as  their 
favorite  camping  ground,  nor  that  those  heroic  French  explorers.  Father  P.  Manjuette, 
M.  Joliel,  Father  Ilcnntpin,  and  M.  De  LaSalle,  fell  in  love  with  this  diarming 
spot  and  resolved  to  plant  the  first  seeds  of  civilization  here  more  than  two  luindred  years 
ago. 

The  site  upon  which  the  most  populous  portion  of  the  city  of  I'eoria  is  built  rises 
from  the  lake  and  river  bank  with  a  gradual  slope  to  the  height  of  s:'.  feet  at  the  liase  of 
the  bluff  above  the  low  water  horizon  ;  and  varies  in  widtli  from  le.ss  than  three-fourths 
of  a  mile  at  the  upper  end  of  the  city  to  a  mile  and  a  half  al  the  lower  end.  The  bluffs 
rise  from  a  hundreil  to  a  luindred  and  twenty  feet  above  the  plateau.  On  the  top  of  the 
bluffs  are  situatccl  numerous  priin'dy  n.-sidences,  surrounilfd  liy  amph-  and  ricldy  deco- 
rated grounds,  commanding  a  view  of  many  miles  of  tiie  city,  lake,  river  and  valley  be- 
low.     Farther  back  also  rise  church  edifices  and  imposing  school  buildings,  among  which 


HISTORY   OF   FKORTA    rOITNTT.  449 

are  interspersed  dwellings  and  business  houses,  constituting  a  city  of  several  thousand 
inhabitants  on  the  highlands.  The  conntiy  beyond  presents  a  gently  undulating  surface 
of  fertile  prairie  and  woodland,  which  is  converted  into  finely  improved  farms  of  rare 
productiveness.  About  four  miles  up  the  lake  from  the  Court-house  is  Prospect  Hill, 
which  rises  nearly  a  thousand  feet  above  the  lake,  and  from  its  summit  is  presented  one 
of  the  most  extended  and  charming  landscape  views  in  tlie  West.  Tlie  upper  end  of 
Lake  Peoria,  some  fifteen  miles  away,  is  plainly  visible,  as  are  the  city  of  Chiliicothe  still 
beyond  and  the  villages  of  Rome  and  Mossville  along  its  border.  Wlien  the  atmosphere 
is  veiy  clear  the  city  of  Lacon,  on  the  opposite  shore  of  the  river,  twenty-five  miles  dis- 
tant, can  be  seen.  In  1850  a  hotel  costing  if .5, 000  was  erected  there,  covering  an  area  of 
53x76  feet,  containing  a  fine  ball  room  and  other  attractions  for  visitors.  It  was  called 
Prospect  Hill  Pavillion,  and  was  kept  by  Mason  Gass.  It  was  destroj^ed  by  fire  some  years 
ago,  and  was  never  rebuilt. 

Lake  Peoria  is  simply  an  expansion  of  the  Illinois  river,  about  "20  miles  long  and 
varying  in  width  from  a  half  a  mile  to  a  mile  and  a  half  in  common  stage  of  water.  At 
the  narrows,  three  miles  above  the  cit3%  the  river  is  compressed  into  its  usual  width  of 
channel,  thus  virtually  dividing  the  lake  into  two.  The  lake  formerly  abounded  with  a 
variety  of  water  fowls,  such  as  swans,  white  and  blue  cranes,  wild  geese,  ducks  and 
brants  ;  and  fish  in  great  quantities  and  variety  iidiabited  its  waters.  But  now  the 
wild  fowls  are  greatl}^  reduced  in  number,  and  fish  are  not  nearh'  so  plentiful  as  of 
yore. 

The  early  history  of  the  city  of  Peoria  is  really  the  history  of  the  county,  as  the 
first  settlement  and  the  only  improvements  made  within  the  present  boundaries  of  the 
county  for  many  years  was  on  the  ground  now  occupied  by  the  city.  Hence  the  import- 
ant facts  and  incidents  connected  with  the  first  exploration,  the  establishment  of  the 
French  colony,  the  building  and  destruction  of  the  several  forts  in  the  vicinity,  and  the 
settlement  of  the  village  of  Fort  Clark  by  native  Americans  in  the  early  part  of  the 
present  century  have  all  been  previously  narrated  as  an  essential  part  of  the  county 
history  ;  and  will  only  be  briefly  alluded  to  here,  as  links  in  the  chain,  otherwise  discon- 
nected. 

The  first  white  men  known  to  have  set  toot  on  the  site  of  Peoria  were  Father  James 
Marquette,  a  French  Jesuit  missionary,  and  Louis  Joliet,  a  native  of  Quebec,  from  which 
city  they  started  in  the  Spring  of  1673  accompanied  with  five  Canadian  assistants,  on 
an  exploring  expedition,  under  the  authority  and  in  behalf  of  the  French  Government. 
Going  across  by  the  way  of  the  Wisconsin  river  to  the  Mississippi,  they  followed  down 
the  "  Great  River  "  in  their  canoes.  Wiieii  nearly  opposite  to  Peoria,  they  landed  one 
day,  and  seeing  the  tracks  of  men  upon  the  sand,  which  led  off  across  a  meadow — prairie — 
Marquette  and  Joliet  instructed  their  comrades  to  remain  with  the  canoes,  and  the}'  re- 
solved to  follow  tlie  path  to  see  where  it  led.  Marquette  says  in  his  memoranda  of  the 
expedition,  that  they  traveled  about  "  ten  leagues  from  thence  when  they  came  to  a  vil- 
lage on  the  bank  of  the  river  and  two  other  villages  on  a  hill  a  half  a  league  from  the 
former."  This  was  on  Sunday,  the  2.5th  day  of  June  1673.  The}'  spent  Sunday  and 
part  of  Monday  with  the  Peorias,  a  branch  of  the  lUini  Confederacy,  and  then  pur- 
sued their  journey,  promising  to  return  at  the  end  of  four  moons.  After  descending  the 
Mississijjpi  to  the  mouth  of  the  Arkansas,  and  thus  satisfying  themselves  that  it  emptied 
into  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  they  returned  to  the  mouth  of  the  Illinois  and  ascended  to  the 
village  of  the  Peorias,  where  they  arrived  about  the  first  of  August,  and  after  remaining 
some  time,  during  which  Father  Marquette  preached  to  tliem,  the  companj-  continued 
their  journey,  arriving  at  Green  Bay  in  September. 

Tlie  next  white  adventurers  to  visit  Peoria  were  Robert  de  LaSalle,  Fatlier  Louis 
Hennepin,  a  Franciscan  monk,  and  Chevalier  de  Toiiti,  the  liistorian  of  tlie  expedition, who 
with  some  thirty  companions,  left  Quebec  about  the  middle  of  the  Summer  of  1679,  and 


4o0  FirSTORY   f)F   PEORIA   rOlXTY. 

passing  down  the  line  of  the  present  canal,  landed  their  nine  canoes  near  wiiere  the  bridge 
now  spans  the  Illinois  river,  on  Tuesday,  Jannarvl,  1680.  They  were  hospitahly  received 
at  first,  l)at  after  a  few  days  discontent  hejan  to  he  manifest  among  LaSiille's  men,  and 
some  contention  arose  with  Indians,  and  fearing  trouble,  he  crossed  over  the  river  where 
they  erected  Fort  Crevecieur  —  broken  heart  —  at  the  biise  of  tlie  bluff  between  two 
and  three  miles  east  of  the  present  city,  where  the  old  foundations  were  explored  and 
measured  in  1848  or  1840  by  S.  De  Wit  Drower  and  several  other  gentlemen.  Before  the 
fort  was  fairly  completed  LaSalle  returned  to  Canada,  leaving  Father  Hennepin  and  a 
portion  of  his  men  in  charge  of  it.  A  few  months  later  it  was  al)andoned  entirely  by  the 
French  and  only  served  as  a  halting  point  for  subsequent  expeditions  while  it  re- 
mained. 

In  1698  an  Englishman  by  the  name  of  Daniel  Cox,  passed  down  the  Illinois  river, 
and  in  the  memoirs  of  his  explorations  entitled  "Cox's  Carolina"  he  speaks  of  the 
beautiful  lake  and  adjacent  country.  He  named  the  river  Chicagou  and  the  lake  Pinka- 
tori.  P.  de  Charlevoix  visited  the  site  of  Peoria,  from  Canada,  on  Fridav,  October  3, 
1721. 

From  the  formal  declaration  of  LaSalle  of  the  French  possession  of  the  Mississippi 
valley,  after  his  descent  to  the  mouth  of  that  river,  on  April  9,  1682,  until  the  year  1763 
France  hehl  dominion  over  the  country.  In  the  latter  year  it  was  ceded  to  England, 
but  that  Government  did  not  take  formal  possession  till  two  years  later,  and  wa,s  forced 
to  abandon  it  in  1778  ;  when  the  State  of  Virginia  assumed  control  of  all  the  country 
west  of  the  (^hio  river  and  organized  the  county  of  Illinois.  The  following  year  a  French 
colony  named  La  Ville  de  Mnillet  was  established  bv  M.  Hypolite  Maillet,  on  the  border 
of  the  lake,  a  mile  and  a  half  above  the  outlet,  on  land  that  was  afterwards  a  part  of  the 
farm  of  .lohn  Berket.  The  location  being  considered  unhealthy,  the  colony  removed  to 
New  Peoria  —  Fort  Clark  —  down  at  the  lower  extremity  of  the  lake,  near  Liberty  street. 
This  was  the  original  French  settlement,  and  out  of  it  grew  the  celebrated  "  French 
Claims,  "  which  were  so  fruitful  of  litigation  in  the  establishment  of  titles  to  real  estate 
among  the  Amei-ican  settlers  in  the  early  jiart  of  this  century,  and  which  were  finally  set 
aside  by  the  indefatigable  labors  of  Charles  Ballance.  The  French  erected  their  cabins 
near  the  lake  shore,  and  occupied  long  narrow  lots  extending  back  toward  the  bluff,  the 
size  varying  with  the  industry  of  the  occupant.  They  were  almost  entirely  devoid 
of  education,  and  lived  chiefly  by  hunting  and  fishing.  About  \l>i\  the  inhabitants  be- 
came alarmed  ami  abandoned  the  settlement,  but  returned  twi>  yeai-s  after.  At  the  time 
Ca]it.  Thomas  E.  Craig  burned  the  village  in  the  earlv  part  of  November,  1813,  it  con- 
sisted of  not  more  than  twenty-five  families,  who  were  without  a  church  or  a  school,  and 
had  less  than  200  acres  of  land  under  cultivation.  Their  dwellings  were  mere  hovels. 
The  first  residence  was  built  in  1778  or  1779.  By  the  year  179t)the  old  village  had  been 
entirely  abandoned  and  removeil  to  New  Peoria.  Neither  the  old  nor  new  village  was 
ever  laid  out,  and  the  inhal)itants  held  no  other  title  but  possession,  the  lands  were  only 
made  valuable  in  ])roportion  to  the  labor  thev  expended  upon  them. 

On  the  third  day  of  August,  ITOo,  the  Indian  title  was  extinguished  by  a  treaty  in 
which,  with  other  lands  ceded,  wius  included  "one  piece  six  miles  square  at  the  (dd  Peo- 
ria Fort  a  village  near  the  south  end  of  the  Illinois  Lake  on  said  Illinois  river."  The 
a(i.joining  lands  were  not  surrendered  until    1804. 

During  the  war  with  England  an  expedition  defeated  the  Indians  in  the  Fall  of  1813, 
and  ('a[>t.  Thomas  (^raig  believing  the  Fiench  settlers  to  be  in  collusion  with  the  reil  men, 
burned  their  villa'.,'e.  While  the  troops  were  quartered  here  they  built  Fort  Clark,  at 
the  intersection  of  Liberty  an<l  Water  streets,  on  the  lake  shore.  It  was  thus  named  in 
honor  of  Ca>\.  Gcortxe  Rogers  Clark,  of  Virginia,  who  commanded  the  fii-st  expedition 
against  the  Western  Indians,  then  the  allies  of  Great  Brilain.  In  .lune.  18l!>;.  the  fort 
was  evacuated  and,  in  the  Fall  of  the  same  year  the    Indians   mI    fire    (o   it.  which   con- 


HISTORY   OF   PEO-RTA   roUNTT.  451 

sumed  the  more  combustible  parts.     Some  of  the  old  timbers  were  found  when  excava- 
tions were  beini^  made  there  but  a  few  years  ago. 

From  the  time  the  French  village  was  destroj-ed,  in  the  Fall  of  1813,  till  the  Spring 
of  1819,  no  white  man  lived  at  Fort  Clark,  as  the  place  was  called  after  the  erection  of 
the  fort  of  that  name.     The  former  occupants  all  left,  never  to  return. 

On  Monday,  the  19th  of  April,  in  the  19th  year  of  the  19th  century,  T.  Russell,  of 
Kentucky,  Joseph  Hersey,  of  New  York,  Abner  Eads,  Josiah  Fulton,  Seth  Fulton,  S. 
Dougherty  and  J.  Davis  reached  Peoria.  On  the  10th  of  June  Capt.  J.  Warner  arrived 
with  a  keel  boat,  from  St.  Louis,  with  a  company  consisting  of  Isaac  De  Boice,  James 
Goff,  William  Blanchard,  David  Barnes  and  Charles  and  Theodore  Seargent,  for  the  pur- 
pose of  catching  and  packing  fish.  Several  of  this  party  afterwards  settled  in  this  vicinity. 
During  the  following  Winter  two  men,  Lyman  Andrews,  of  New  York,  and  John  Barker, 
of  Ohio,  arrived  with  their  families.  In  the  Spring  of  1821,  John  Hamlin,  of  Massachu- 
setts, came  here,  and  in  1822  established  an  Indian  trading  post,  as  clerk  of  the  Ameri- 
can Fur  Compan)%     In  1825  he  shipped  the  first  produce  to  Chicago  in  boats. 

The  growth  of  this  settlement  was  slow  until  1825,  when  it  had  attained  a  population  of 
1,236.  That  year  Peoria  county  was  oi-ganized.  It  embraced  thirty-two  or  thirty-three 
of  the  present  counties  of  the  State,  extending  from  the  Mississippi  on  the  west,  to  the 
Indiana  line  on  the  east,  and  to  Wisconsin  on  the  north.  It  included  Chicago  and  Galena 
in  its  limits  Fort  Dearborn,  a  trading  house  of  the  American  Fur  Company,  being  the 
extent  of  the  former  city.  Peoria  was  the  county  seat,  and  the  first  election  for  County 
Commissioners  was  held  March  7th,  1825.  The  whole  number  of  votes  cast  was  sixty- 
six.  Nathan  Dillon,  Josepli  Smith  and  William  Holland  were  chosen  as  Commissioners  ; 
Norman  Hyde,  Clerk ;  Samuel  Fulton,  Sheriff ;  Aaron  Hawley,  Treasurer,  and  William 
E.  Phillips,  Coroner.  The  county  was  organized  the  next  day  and  a  Court-house  ordered 
built.  It  was  erected  of  hewed  logs,  and  was  14x16  feet  in  size.  It  stood  on  the  bank 
of  the  river,  south  of  old  Fort  Clark,  on  block  51.  It  had  a  cellar  beneath  it  which  was 
used  alternately  as  a  jail  and  a  stable.  Religious  service  was  held  in  the  Court  room  on 
Sundays,  and  it  served  as  a  lodging  room  at  night  for  those  in  attendance  upon  Court. 
It  was  pulled  down  in  1843  and  a  steam  flouring  mill,  afterwards  known  as  tlie  ''  Old 
Red  Mill,"  built    b\-  Orrin   Hamlin  upon  its  site. 

Peoria  was  first  laid  out  by  William  S.  Hamilton  on  the  10th  of  July,  1826.  On 
March  1st,  1831,  the  legislature  passed  an  act  under  which  the  Town  of  Peoria  was 
finally  incorporated,  but  owing  to  dispute  concerning  the  land  title,  the  people  did  not 
avail  themselves  of  the  law  until  the  18th  of  July,  1835,  on  which  day  a  vote  was  taken 
and  it  was  duly  incorporated  as  a  town  ;  and  Rudolphus  Rouse,  Chester  Hamlin,  Rufus 
P.  Burlingame,  Charles  W.  McClallen  and  Isaac  Evans  were  elected  trustees.  The 
board  met  the  same  day  and  chose  Mr.  Rouse  president.  On  the  23d  of  the  same  month 
they  met  at  the  store  of  Rufus  Burlingame  and  elected  Cj'rus  Leland  as  clerk  and  Mr. 
Burlingame  treasurer  ;  and  passed  a  resolution  that  the  town  should  embrace  an  area  of 
one  square  mile.  In  the  meantime  Charles  Ballance  had  resurveyed  the  town  site  on 
May  27,  1834.     This  plat  did  not  interfere  much  with  the  "  French  Claims." 

During  the  Black  Hawk  War  in  1832,  many  of  the  settlers  in  the  northern  and  west- 
ern portions  of  the  county  came  to  Peoria  for  protection  ;  and  that  year  Fort  (^lark  was 
rebuilt  on  the  old  site,  but  never  occupied.  A  company  numbering  twenty-five  persons 
was  organized  and  called  the  Peoria  Guards.  There  were  then  fifteen  to  twentj^  log- 
cabins  and  two  frame  houses  in  the  village.  The  next  j'ear  five  new  frame  houses  were 
erected.  There  was  but  one  l)uilding  west  of  Washington  street,  and  lots  sold  on  that 
street  for  forty  dollars. 

The  first  flouring  mill  in  this  section  of  the  State  was  erected  in  1830,  by  Jolm  Hamlin 
and  John  Sharp,  on  tiie  Kiukapoo,  three  miles  west  of  the  cit}-.  It  liad  two  run  of  stones 
and  made  about  .50  barrels  of  flour  per  day,  much  of  which  was  shipped  by  flat  boats  to 


4F,2  niSTORT    OF    PEORIA    COUXTT. 

New  Orleans  and  sold  at  S1.37A  and  81. nO  per  harrel.  In  1833  the  mill  was  bought  by 
Joshua  Aiken,  and  the  following  October  Mark  M.  Aiken,  of  Hillsborough  Co..  New 
Hampshire,  arrived  here  and  became  interested  in  the  mill.  On  the  l.^th  of  October, 
183",  William  and  Asahel  Hale  and  fieorge  G.  Greenwood  be<ran  to  build  another  mill, 
further  up  on  tlie  Kickapoo.  This  mill  did  a  lar<,'e  business  for  years,  and  wa*  widely 
known  as  Hale's  mill.  In  18.")0  there  were  lour  mills  in  operation  in  the  city,  and  the 
amount  of  Hour  exported. aside  from  home  consumption.  wa833,7.53,  barrels  valued  at  flol,- 
877.50.  Five  years  later  the  value  of  the  flour  manufactured  was  estimated  at  fi6."i0,000. 
In  18.")*^,  with  six  mills  in  upt-ration,  08,000  barrels  were  manufactured.  In  1870  flour 
was  the  leading  nuinufacturing  interest,  and  there  were  eight  first-cla.ss  mills,  with  a 
capacity  to  tonsunie  daily  1"_',G00  bushels  of  wheat,  jiroducing  i.SOO  barrels  of  flour  and 
eighty-five  tons  of  mill  feed.  This  flour  was  sliij)pe(l  South  and  East  and  even  to  Euro- 
pean markets.  The  capital  invested  was  A602,000.  They  employed  about  one  hundred 
and  thirty  hands  at  an  annual  cost  of  $91,200.  They  consunietl  <J03,00<l  bushels  of  coal, 
at  a  cost  of  $.')0,(i00  ;  consuujed  2,7Go.'200  bushels  of  ;,'rain.  valued  at  ••j3,2o.5,t>12  ;  used 
573, .')00  empty  barrels,  costing  ■'1288,875.  and  manufac;tured  the  .same  number  of  liarrels  of 
flour,  which,  with  16,407  tons  of  mill  feed,  was  valued  at  $3,907,485.  From  that  date 
the  milling  interests  began  to  decline,  owing  to  various  causes. 

Jn  January,  1834,  the  County  Commissioners'  Court  ordered  proposals  for  building 
a  new  Court-house.  The  l)ids  accepted  at  the  next  meeting  were  those  of  Charles  W. 
McCallen  for  the  masonry  and  George  B.  Macy  for  the  carpenter  work.  This  Court- 
house cost  al)out  #15,000,  and  was  completed  in  1836.  Previous  to  this  time,  during 
warm  weather  the  Grand  Jury  held  its  sessions  under  a  crab  apple  tree,  and  the  petit 
jury  deliberated  in  a  potato  hole,  as  it  was  humorously  called,  a  circular  excavation, 
probably  for  a  cellar,  at  some  previous  period,  located  near  the  old  log  Court-house.  A 
log  jail  was  built  al)out  the  same  time  on  the  alley  between  Monroe  and  Perry  streets. 
It  stood  on  the  lot  now  owned  by  B.  F.  Ellis,  and  was  sixteen  feet  scjuare  and  fourteen 
feet  high.  It  cost  about  a  thousand  dollars.  A  new  jail  was  built  in  1849,  of  brick  and 
stone,  at  a  cost  of  about  fll,000.  The  building  is  still  standing  on  the  corner  of  North 
Washington  and  Fayette  streets  in  the  Fourth  Ward.  Isaac  Walters  was  clerk  of  the 
Court  in  1834  and  had  his  oflSee  and  residence  in  a  log  cabin  on  the  site  of  Toby  &  An- 
derson's plow  factory,  now  occupied  bj-  H.  &  J.  Schwabacher.  At  this  time  there  were 
only  two  jiracticing  attorneys  in    Peoria,  Hon.    Lewis  Bigelow  and    Col.  Chas.  Hallance. 

There  were  no  schools  in  the  |)lace  until  about  the  time  it  was  incorporated,  nor  no 
commodious  place  of  worship,  although  a  Methodist  church  was  organized  in  the  Fall  of 
1833.  Prior  to  that  time  the  religious  and  intellectual  culture  was  embodied  in  the  do- 
mestic circle. 

Peoria  was  governed  as  a  town,  by  a  Board  of  Trustees,  which  had  been  gradually 
increased  to  nine  members,  until  the  5th  of  May,  1845,  when  it  assumed  the  city  form  of 
government. 

The  following  named  gentlemen  served  as  President  of  the  Board  of  Trustees: 
Rudolphus  Rouse,  1835-6;  George  B.  Parker,  1836-7:  Rudolphus  Rouse,  1837-8;  Ru- 
dolphus  Rouse,  1838-9;  Rudoijdius  Rouse,  1839-40  :  Rudolphus  Rouse,  1840-41  ;  Peter 
Sweat.  1841-2;  Lewis  Howell,  1842-43  ;  John  King,  184-3-44  ;  Halsev  Merriman, 
1844-45. 

The  town  having  attained  a  population  of  l,t>19  souls,  Jispired  to  become  at-ity  ;  and 
the  Legislature  having  piusse<l  •'  An  act  to  incorporate  the  city  of  Peoria,"  an  election 
was  held  at  the  Court-house  on  the  21st  day  of  April,  1845,  and  of  the  one  hundred  and 
ninety -seven  votes  cast,  one  hundred  and  sixty-two  favored  the  adoption  of  the  city 
charter,  entitled  an  act  incorporating  the  city  of  Peoria.  An  election  was  held  on  the 
■J8th  of  April,  1845,  for  the  purpose  of  choosing  a  Mayor  anil  eigiit  Ablernien,  which  re- 
sulted in  selecting  William    Hall,  Mavor,  and   for  Ahfermen.  Jesse   L.    Knowlton,    Peter 


HISTORY   OF   PEORIA   COUNTY. 


453 


Sweat,  Charles  Kettelle,  C.  Cleveland,  Chester  Hamlin,  John  Hamlin,  Hervey  Lightuer 
and  A.  P.  Bartlett.  On  May  5th,  1845,  the  oath  of  office  was  administered  to  the  Mayor 
and  Aldermen,  and  Peoria  started  out  on  her  career  as  a  city.  Jesse  L.  Knowlton  was 
appointed  clerk.  Since  that  time  the  following  gentlemen  have  filled  the  position  of 
Mayor  for  the  terms  opposite  their  names  : 


William   Hall 1S45 

Charles  F.  Stearns 1 846 

William  Mitchell 1847  and  '48 

Jacob  Gale 1S49 

Dennis    Blakeley 1S50 

George  C.  Bestor 1851 

Jonathan  K.  Cooper 1852 

George  C.  Bestor 1S53  and  '54 


Charles    Ballance 1855 

Gardiner  F.  Barker 1856  and  '57 

William  R.  Hamilton 1858  and '59 

John   D.  Arnold .i860 

William  A.  Willard 1861 

Gardiner  F.  Barker 1862 

Mathew  W.  McKeynolds 1863 

Jacob    Gale 1864 


Henry  T.  Baldwin 1865  and  '66 

Philip  Bender _ 1867 

Peter  R.  K.  Brotherson_  1868  and  '69 

Gardiner  F.  Barker 1870  and  '71 

Peter  R.  K.   Brolherson.1872  and  '73 

John   Warner 1874  and  '75 

Leslie  Robinson 1876  and  '77 

John  Warner 1878,  '79,  '80  and  '81 


It  will  be  observed  that  from  1868  the  term  of  office  was  extended  to  two  years, 
which  was  owing  to  a  change  in  the  laws  by  the  session  of  the  Legislature  that  year. 

During  the  early  years  of  the  city  government  the  Mayors  exercised  jiidicial  author- 
ity, but  after  the  adoption  of  the  new  State  Constitution  in  1848,  the  Supreme  Court  de- 
cided that  it  prohibited  them  from  exercising  that  power.  For  some  years  the  Mayor  re- 
ceived no  salary  ;  later  he  was  allowed  $500  a  year,  and  since  it  has  been  increased. 

The  city  of  Peoria  is  now  divided  into  nine  wards,  each  of  which  is  entitled  to  two 
Aldermen,  making  eighteen  in  all,  half  of  whom  are  elected  each  year,  for  a  term  of 
two  years.  The  present  Board  of  Aldermen,  '79,  is  composed  of  the  following  mem- 
bers: 

First  ward — S.  B.  Hart  and  Joseph  Herwig. 

Second  ward  —  J.  G.  Higgins  and  J.  F.  King. 

Third  ward  —  J.  C.  Dolan  and  F.  J.  Kelly,  resigned. 

Fourth  ward  —  N.  Bergan  and  H.  Fellrath. 

Fifth  ward  —  L.  B.  Day  and  E.  P.  Sloan. 

Sixth  ward  —  A.  Barnewalt  and  A.  M.  Studer. 

Seventh  ward  —  D.  S.  Brown  and  C.  D.  Clark. 

Eighth  ward —  H.  B.  Gibson  and  Daniel  Rowan. 

Ninth  ward — John  Biggins  and  Wm.  McLean. 

The  City  Council  holds  its  regular  meetings  on  the  first  and  third  Tuesday  evenings 
of  each  montii. 

The  other  city  officers  are  : 

City  Clerk  — Yi.  H.  Forsyth. 

Treasurer  —  F.  D.  Weienett. 

City  Attorney — M.  C.  Quinu. 

City  Engineer  and  Surveyor  —  N.  R.  Gibson. 

Superintendent  Water  Works — Thos.  J.  Kelly. 

Swpt.  Streets —  Patrick  Kelly. 

Collector  Water  Rents  —  Henry  G.  Belcke. 

Supt.  Police  —  Martin  C.  Daily. 

Capt.  Night  Police  —  ^.  C.  McWhirter. 

Chief  Fire  Department — J.  H.  White. 

Gas  Inspector  —  Frank  McLaughlin. 

Market  Janitor  —  F.   W.  Houser. 

Board  of  Health — J.  N.  Niglas,  H.  Mansfield  and  Mark  M.  Aiken. 

Under  the  law  termed  the  Mayors'  Bill,  enacted  by  the  General  Assembly  in  1872, 
the  mayor  had  the  appointing  of  all  the  city  officers,  save  the  City  Treasurer.  This  law 
was  repealed  at  the  last  session  of  the  legislature  in  1878-9 ;  and  now  the  Board  of  Alder- 


454  HISTORY   OF   PEOIIIA  COUNTY. 

men  elect  the  city  officei"s  except  the  Mayor  ami  Treasurer  wlioare  chosen  by  the  people; 
and  the  Police  Force  wjiich  is  appointed  Ijy  the  Mayoi-,  and  the  members  of  the  Fire  De- 
partment except  tlie  Chief  who  is  chosen  by  the  Council. 

Since  Peoria  was  incorporated  as  a  city  its  growth  has  been  substantial  and  pro- 
gressive, each  year  witnessing  an  increase  in  the  magnitude  of  its  business  and  the  erec- 
tion of  sightly  and  permanent  new  buildings.  It  can  boast  of  one  of  the  most  elegant 
court-houses  and  one  of  the  best  jail  buildings  in  the  State,  and  its  (^hamber  of  Com- 
merce is  not  surpassed  b}*  any  similar  building  in  the  West,  outside  of  Chicago  and  St. 
Louis.  Numerous  fine  l)usiness  blocks  of  imposing  and  pleasing  architectural  appearance 
grace  its  several  leading  busine.ss  thoroughfares.  One  public  building  wliich  the  city 
very  much  needs  and  well  deserves  is  a  U.  S.  custom  house  and  post-office.  An  eflfort  is 
being  made  by  some  enterprising  citizens  to  procure  an  appropriation  by  Congress  for 
this  purpose  which  will  probably  result  in  another  edifice  wliich  will  be  an  ornament  to 
the  place.  Tlie  principal  manufactories  are  located  along  the  river  and  in  the  lower  end 
of  the  cit}',  while  many  of  its  palatial  residences  crown  tlie  crest  of  the  l)luff. 

Tiie  streets  and  avenues  arc  broad,  and  though,  in  numerous  instances  not  intersect- 
ing each  other  at  right  angles,  they  usually  slope  gently  toward  the  lake  and  river  with 
suflBcient  fall  for  easy  and  ample  drainage. 

Peoria  being  near  the  geographical  center  of  the  State,  and  in  a  beautiful  and  healthy 
location,  it  was  deemed  by  many  people  the  most  befitting  place  for  the  State  capitol. 
Aijcordingly  an  effort  was  made  in  tlie  Legislature  in  184-"?  to  that  end.  In  1847  the  sub- 
ject was  again  broiigiit  before  the  General  Assembly,  liut  without  any  satisfactory  results 
to  the  agitators.  Hut  when  the  question  for  building  a  new  State  house  came  up  in  1867, 
the  city  of  Peoria  determined  to  make  a  formidable  eflfort  to  secure  the  removal  of  the 
seat  of  government  from  Springfield  to  this  city.  The  city  ofifered  -^400,000  and  a  beau- 
tiful site  of  twenty  acres  upon  the  bluff  overlooking  the  city  and  lake.  Tiie  press  of  the 
entire  State  was  enlisted  upon  one  side  or  the  other,  although  a  large  majority  of  the 
papers  were  in  favor  of  Peoria.  If  an  election  had  Ik-cii  held  by  the  citizens  of  the  State, 
Peoria  would  undoubtedly  have  been  chosen.  The  citizens  brought  tiie  entire  Legislature 
to  Peoria  in  palace  sleeping  cars.  They  arrived  on  a  beautiful  morning  in  March,  and 
for  the  entire  day  were  feted  and  dined  to  their  heart's  content.  Carriages  were  placed 
at  their  disposal  to  ride  around  and  view  liie  city  and  its  surroundings.  A  steamboat 
was  ciiartered  and  steamed  out  upon  the  surface  of  Lake  Peoria  so  as  to  give  the  party  a 
fine  view  of  the  city  and  the  proposed  site  for  the  new  building.  Even  its  strongest  op- 
ponents were  forced  to  acknowledge  the  great  natural  advantages  Peoria  possessed  for  the 
new  Capitol  building.  When  the  Legislature  returned  to  Springfield  there  was  a  hard 
fight  over  the  removal,  but  money  finally  won,  and  the  appropriation  for  the  building 
was  voted  for  Sjn-ingfield. 

Besides  carrying  forward  her  municipal  imiirovements.  Peoria  hus  subscribed  more 
than  six  iiundred  thousand  dollars  towanl  building  the  railroads  wliich  center  here  and 
contribute  so  largely  to  her  commerce  and  prosperity,  and  has  paid  it  all  up  but  one 
hundred  thousand  dollars.  The  total  bonded  iudeiitedness  of  the  city  now  aggregates 
ii!G8;),50<).  The  total  valuation  of  the  projierty  of  the  city  as  listed  and  asse.ssetl  for  1879 
Wius  .$(■), 798,1^7.  The  muiiiciiial  tax  for  tiial  year  was  |::2.17,  and  tlie  aggregate  tax,  in- 
cluding county  and  State  levy,  as  ecjualized  by  the  State  Hoard  of  Knualizalion,  wa.s 
!j<4.'J7   on   the   iiundred  dollars  valuation.     The  population  of  the  city  is  estimated  at 

a8,uoo  to  ait.uuo. 

CHURCH    HISTOItY. 

Of  churches  there  are  thirty-five  in  Peoria,  divided  n[i  as  follows:  One  Apostolic 
Christian,   four    Hajitist,  one  Ciiristian,  one  (Jongregatioiial,  one  Kpiscopal.one  lieformed 


HISTORY  OF  PEORIA  COUNTY.  455 

Episcopal,  oue  German  Evangelical,  two  Lutheran,  one  Friends,  one  Latter  Day  Saints 
(Mormon),  six  Methodists,  one  Swedenhorgian,  four  Presbyterian,  one  German  Re- 
formed, four  Catholic,  one  Universalist  and  two  Hebrew. 

The  Apostolic  Christian  Church.  This  church  was  organized  in  Peoria,  b}-  Johannes 
Kreienl)iel,  in  the  year  1852.  with  about  six  members,  and  the  first  sermon  was  preached 
by  Joseph  Werker,  of  New  York  State.  From  that  time  up  till  1874  their  meetings  were 
held  in  the  houses  of  the  members,  but  in  the  latter  year  their  present  church  on  Green 
Street  was  built  at  the  cost  of  about  $1,000,  and  services  in  the  German  language  are 
held  there  twice  every  Sunday.  The  present  officers  of  the  church  are  Messrs.  G. 
Boesig,  John  Schneider  and  W.  Schmidt,  trustees.  There  are  about  sixty  members,  and 
the  church  property  is  valued  at  about  $25,000. 

The  First  Baptist  Church.  In  the  year  1836  the  first  steps  were  taken  looking  to 
the  establislunent  of  a  Baptist  church  in  Peoria.  At  tliat  time  there  were  ten  members 
of  that  order  who  united  together  for  the  worship  of  God  according  to  the  tenets  of  their 
faith.  August  14,  of  the  year  above  named,  the  church  was  constituted  with  Henry 
Headly,  J.  R.  Stanton,  A.  M.  Gardner,  Adam  Gardner,  William  Swinerton,  Alplieus 
Richardson,  Ruth  Chichester,  Mary  Stanton,  Mary  Frve  and  Malinda  Harrison.  Of  this 
number  Alpheus  Richardson  was  some  years  after  excommunicated  on  account  of  heresy. 
He  had  adopted  the  doctrines  of  Swedenborg. 

In  1837  the  church  reported  one  baptism  and  twenty  members.  Aliout  this  time 
Henry  Headly  was  ordained  to  the  work  of  the  niinistrj'.  In  the  Fall  of  that  year  Rev. 
Alexander  Ridler  took  charge  of  the  church.  From  November,  1839  until  June,  1842, 
Rev.  A.  M.  Gardner  was  pastor.  In  1839  there  were  thirty-three  members  on  the  cliurch 
roll.  The  year  following  it  fell  off  to  twenty-six,  the  next  \ea.v  to  twenty-two,  but  in 
1842  there  were  twenty-eight  meraliers.  In  the  Fall  of  1843,  Elder  I.  D.  Newell  be- 
came pastor.  Saturday,  August  24,  1844,  a  resolution  was  adopted  tliat  an  effort  be 
made  to  build  a  church.  Up  to  this  time  the  society  had  no  regular  place  of  worship. 
At  a  meeting  held  the  12th  of  September  following  an  organization  was  effected  under 
the  law.  Benjamin  Frye,  George  W.  Willard  and  Smith  Frj'e  were  elected  trustees,  and 
it  was  resolved  to  purchase  a  lot  in  Block  9,  from  Mr.  T.  L.  Mayne,  at  $200.  At  the 
same  meeting  Elder  Newell  was  authorized  to  make  a  trip  East  to  solicit  funds  to  aid  in 
the  construction  of  a  "meeting  house."  His  trip  was  successful  and  he  raised  between 
$1,700  and  $1,800. 

At  that  time  it  was  expected  that  such  a  sum  was  amply  sufficient  for  the  construc- 
tion of  a  fine  edifice.  The  result  was  a  structure  of  which  for  years  the  congregation 
had  reason  to  be  proud.  It  was  a  brick  witli  basement,  fine  audience-room,  steeple,  and 
every  thing  nicely  finished.  In  the  hurricane  of  1858  the  steeple  was  carried  away  and 
was  never  rebuilt.  The  building  still  stands  on  Hamilton  Street,  adjacent  to  the  jail. 
But  to  what  base  uses  has  the  house  dedicated  to  God  been  put.  It  has  been  occupied 
as  a  beer  saloon  and  billiard  hall,  and  again  as  a  variety  theater.  Subsequently  it  was 
occupied  by  Mr.  A.  J.  Cole  as  a  business  college.  Now  it  is  occupied  by  the  society  of 
Union  Turners. 

The  first  revival  of  religion  enio3'ed  by  the  church  followed  soon  after  the  comple- 
tion of  the  building.  The  dedication  took  place  October  17,  184fi.  April  7,  1844,  tiie 
first  Sabbath  school  connected  with  this  church  was  organized,  with  Elder  Newell  as 
superintendent  and  Theodore  Adams  as  assistant. 

In  the  midst  of  the  revival  that  followed  the  completion  of  the  church.  Elder  Newell 
resigned  to  become  the  agent  of  Shurtliff  College. 

November  7,  1846,  Rev.  H.  G.  Weston  was  called  by  tiie  church.  For  about  twelve 
years'  time  he  continued  pastor.  Those  were  stormy  years  in  the  history  of  the  church. 
There  were  charges  and  counter  charges,  and  even  excommunication  was  a  matter  of 
frequent  occurrence. 


456  HISTOKY  OF  PEORIA  COUNTY. 

We  give  below,  as  showing  tlie  prevailing  sentiment  alxiut  that  time,  a  resolution 
passed  by  the  church  July  8,  1848,  as  follows  : 

"  Whereas  we  learn  wiih  deep  regret  thai  some  of  the  members  of  this  church  have  attended  the  circtis ; 
Kcsohtd,  That  attending  the  circus,  promenade  concerts,  or  the  drinking  or  using  spirituous  or  mall  liquors,  by 
any  member  uf  this  church,  will  render  the  person  so  offending  a  proper  subject  of  discipline." 

From  lN.")l  until  l><.')t3,  the  memhership  increased  from  100  to  16G.  From  <V-tober, 
184;S  to  November  1847,  the  church  received  aid  from  the  American  Baptist  Home 
Missionary  Society,  but  since  that  time  it  has  not  only  been  .self-sustaining  hut  has 
frequently  aided  weaker  sister  churches. 

May  1,  1847,  tlie  basement  ot  the  church  just  completed  was  leased  for  two  years 
for  a  female  seminary.  In  18.51  this  school,  which  was  called  the  "  Peoria  Institute," 
was  in  a  flourishing  condition.  Mr.  C.  C.  Bonney,  now  an  attorney  in  Chicago,  was 
principal ;  Miss  Adeline  Walker,  assistant ;  and  Prof.  C.  W.  Van  Meter,  who  has  since 
achieved  a  world  wide  reputation  as  a  philanthropist,  was  teacher  of  music. 

December  ol.  1858,  Rev.  H.  G.  Weston  di.ssolved  his  connection  with  tlie  church. 
From  that  time  until  April  29,  1869,  there  was  no  regular  pastor  in  charge.  On  that 
date  Rev.  Mr.  Sayer  was  called  and  soon  signified  his  acceptance. 

As  a  tree  grown  top-heavj*  is  sometimes  seen,  through  disturbing  causes,  to  part  with 
a  limb,  so  with  a  chinch.  When  the  membership  becomes  numerous  and  the  interests 
various  and  conflicting,  it  sometimes  occurs  that  there  is  a  split  in  the  church.  This 
happened  to  the  Baptist  church  June  10,  18")9,  when  letters  were  taken  out  by  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  L.  Holland,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Lenhart,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Shepherd,  Mr.  and  Mi-s.  Thomas 
Petherbridge,  Sarah  and  Pha?be  Bastow.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Vaun.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Wilson,  Mrs. 
Mudgett  and  daughter,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Randall,  Mrs.  Buslmell,  Sanderson,  Bacon,  and 
Mayne,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Garrett,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Hughes,  and  Miss  McKiver.  These  parties 
split  off  from  the  First  Church  and  established  themselves  under  the  mime  of  the 
Tabernacle  Churcii.  The  9th  of  October,  186.'{,  they  knocked  once  more  at  the  door  of 
the  mother  church  and  were  graciously  admitted. 

March  -7,  1800  Rev.  Mr.  Ketchum  was  hired  to  succeed  Mr.  Sayer,  but  in  Novem- 
ber of  the  same  year  Rev.  J.  H.  Hazen  was  called.  He  served  until  September  6, 1861, 
when  he  resigned  to  accept  a  chaplaincy  in  a  regiment  then  organizing  for  the  war  of  the 
rebellion. 

January  I."),  186"2,  Rev.  D.  E.  Holmes  was  called.  May  14  he  was  duly  ordained 
and  August  7,  186:!,  his  resignation  was  accepted.  From  that  time  until  1869  the  pul- 
pit was  occupied  by  Rev.  D.  Stowell  and  Rev. Jones,  the  time  being  about    equally 

divided  between  the  two. 

May  26,  1869,  Rev.  S.  A.  Kinsbury  was  called  and  for  two  years  and  about  three 
months  he  was  pastor  of  the  church. 

July  .'i,  1872,  Rev.  Alexander  McArthur  was  called  and  served  for  one  year.  For 
some  months  no  regular  [lastor  was  secured  but  April  1,  1874,  a  call  was  extended  to 
Rev.  C.  J.  Thonij)s()n,  who  is  still  (_1879)  the  shepherd  of  the  flock.  But  one  other  man 
in  the  history  of  the  church  has  occupied  the  position  so  niaiij'  yeara  in  succession.  Tiiis 
however  has  not  been  done  altogether  by  smooth  sailing. 

Septemlx'r  9,  1H7H,  Messrs.  Norris  Pitt,  Tliomas  Petherbridge  and  William  1). 
Bastow  were  exciiuleii  from  ("ellowsliip  on  account  of  non-eonrnrniity  to  the  covenant. 
The  controversy  was  occasioned  by  the  unwillingne.ss  of  the  parties  to  lie  boitnd  by  the 
total  abstinence  clause  in  the  covenant. 

September  13,  four  days  later,  twenty-six  members  withdrew  from  the  chureh  by 
letter  and  Joined  their  fates  with  those  of  the  excluded  brethren  in  the  fornuition  of  a 
new  church  which  they  named  the  Peoria  Baptist  Church. 

July  27,  1864,  the  First  Baptist  churcli    exchangetl    their    property   in    Block    9,  on 


HISTORY  OP  PEOniA  COUNTY.  457 

Hamilton  Street  for  their  present  church  buildinrr  lot  7,  block  25  Underhill's  addition, 
corner  of  Fayette  and  Madison  Streets.  The  building  was  erected  by  the  Unitarian 
Society,  but  as  the  membership  of  that  church  had  been  gradually  swallowed  up  by  other 
churches,  chiefly  by  the  Universalists,  the  church  became  extinct  and  Mr.  Isaac  Under- 
bill became  the  owner  of  the  old  church  on  Hamilton  Street.  Since  purchasing  the  build- 
ing on  Madison  Street,  a  Sunday-school  room  has  been  added,  a  baptistry  put  in  and 
other  improvements  made. 

Adams  Street  Baptist  Church  —  In  May,  1854,  the  Rev.  Henry  Weston  of  the  First 
Baptist  church,  and  Mr.  Thomas  Powell  of  the  Home  Mission  Board,  first  conceived  the 
idea  of  building  up  another  church  interest  in  the  lower  portion  of  the  city,  and  com- 
menced meetings  in  a  school-house  on  Adams  Street,  belonging  to  Miss  L.  Wright,  and 
during  the  Fall  of  this  year  they  secured  the  services  of  Rev.  John  Edminston,  who  labored 
in  that  part  of  the  city.  In  consequence  of  the  earnest  efforts  of  these  gentlemen, 
sufiBcient  interest  was  aroused  to  justify  them  in  calling  a  meeting  on  December  12, 
1854,  for  the  purpose  of  organizing  a  church,  which  was  duly  accomplished.  Subsequently 
the  Sabbath  School  was  organized  with  twenty-five  scholars.  In  the  following  year 
through  the  personal  efforts  of  Rev.  Mr.  Weston,  a  lot  was  secured,  and  a  house  of  wor- 
ship was  erected,  30  x  40  feet  in  size,  and  seating  250  persons,  at  a  cost  of  $1,000.  The 
dedication  sermon  was  preached  by  Rev.  John  Edminston,  the  pastor  of  the  congregation. 
The  other  officers  of  the  Society  were  Richard  Denby  and  William  F.  Kinsey,  deacons, 

Conibear,  clerk.     The  subsequent  pastors  were.  Revs.  J.  S.  Mahon,  L.  Raymond, 

Oliver  Cromwell,  A.  Greenbrand,  Henry  Wilbur,  J.  S.  Brown,  A.  Kenyan,  Geo.  Prunk, 
William  T.  Green,  Henry  L.  Humphrey,  and  William  Shields. 

The  society  has  at  present  no  pastor,  but  is  otherwise  officered  by  the  following 
gentlemen.  Job  Whitimer,  John  Herschberger,  and  C.  Loquist,  deacons  ;  John  Hersch- 
berger,  C.  Loquist  and  Geo.  W.  Martin,  trustees.  The  present  membership  is  forty,  and 
that  of  the  Sunday  School  sixty.     The  value  of  the  church  property  is  about  $3,000. 

The  Peoria  Baptist  Church. — The  history  of  this  church,  though  brief,  is  eventful. 
Three  of  its  constituent  members  had  been  driven  from  their  former  church  home  (which 
home  they  had  been  largely  instrumental  in  securing),  for  refusing  to  stand  up  to  a  total 
abstinence  pledge  in  a  new  covenant  (said  covenant  having  been  passed  in  direct  viola- 
tion of  all  Baptist  principles  and  usage),  the  church  putting  upon  their  records  at  the 
same  time  tlie  fact  that  these  three  men  were  without  reproach  as  consistent  Christians 
and  members.  Twenty-seven  other  leading  members  of  the  same  church  directly  applied 
for  their  letters,  refusing  to  longer  fellowship  a  body  that  would  do  so  great  a  wrong. 
Immediately  after  tlie  split  occurred,  these  thirty  persons  held  a  meeting  on  the  evening 
of  September  11, 1878,  and  decided  to  organize  a  church  on  purely  Baptist  principles,  as 
laid  down  in  the  word  of  God,  allowing  liberty  of  conscience  in  all  matters  non-essential 
(namely),  on  all  points  in  which  the  Bible  lays  down  no  laws  or  commands.  They  named 
their  organization  "  The  Peoria  Baptist  Church,"  and  adopted  the  following  creed  and 
covenant : 

Creed. — We  believe  in  God  the  Father,  God  the  Son,  and  God  the  Holy  Spirit,  and  that  these  three  are  one. 
That  God  the  Son  was  manifest  in  the  flesh,  in  the  person  of  Jesus  Christ,  the  example  of  the  perfect  man  who  died 
for  our  transgressions,  bore  the  full  penalty  of  our  sins,  rose  from  the  dead,  and  ever  lives  our  friend  and  intercessor. 
That  God  the  Holy  Spirit  manifests  Himself  in  the  use  of  the  word  of  God,  drawing  to  Christ,  changing  the  heart 
from  sinfulness  to  righteousness,  by  inducing  therein  faith  in  Christ,  and  comforting,  enlightening,  and  directing  the 
spirit  of  those  who  are  Christ's. 

That  those  who  have  faith  in  Christ  are  heirs  of  eternal  salvation,  and  should  be  baptized  by  immersion  and  may 
come  to  the  table  of  the  Lord  ;  that  these  two  ordinances  should  be  maintained  in  the  foregoing  order  of  the  church, 
which  consists  of  a  body  of  believers  in  Christ,  banded  together  for  the  worship  and  service  of  God. 

That  there  will  be  a  resurrection  of  those  who  have  done  well  to  eternal  life,  and  of  those  who  have  finally  re- 
jected Christ  to  eternal  condemnation. 

That  the  word  of  God  is  contained  in  the  Scriptures  of  the  Old  and  New  Testament,  and  is  the  supreme  rule  of 
faith  and  practice  in  matters  of  religion. 

Covenant.  — "  Having  been  brought  as  we  trust  by  Divine  grace  to  receive  Christ  as  our  Redeemer,  we  have 
30 


458  HISTORY  OF  PEORIA  COUNTY. 

solemnly  and  joyfully  united  together  in  humble  dependance  upon  the  Holy  Spirit  for  the  service  and  worship  of 
God. 

We  seek  by  the  faithful  use  of  all  Christian  methods  as  sanctioned  in  God's  holy  word,  for  blameless  and  devout 
lives,  for  abundant  faithfulness  in  Christ,  for  the  salvation  of  souls,  and  for  the  complete  kini;dom  of  God. 

We  covenant  to  tolerate  charity  in  belief  and  usa^e  in  things  not  essential,  and  to  cherish  Christian  liberty, 
moderated  by  Christian  charily,  and  we  consecrate  ourselves,  our  property,  our  time,  and  our  talents  to  the  glory  of 
God  the  Father,  through  Jesus  Christ  our  L/Ord.  " 

The  following  gentlemen,  W.  Bastow  sen.,  Mr  Sedgewick,  Mr.  Rohinson,  Mr.  Pether- 
bridge,  Mr.  Carson,  and  Mr.  Hall,  were  regularly  chosen  trustees  of  the  cliureh  and  em- 
powered to  purchase  a  lot,  on  which  to  erect  a  liouse  of  worship.  They  selected  a  lot  on 
Fifth  Street,  and  within  eight  weeks  from  the  time  that  the  first  shovelful  of  earth  was 
thrown  out  for  the  foundation,  the  l)uilding  was  completed  and  ready  for  dedication.  The 
house  is  of  wood  with  block  front,  clieerful,  commodious  and  inviting,  capable  of  seating 
300.  On  Nov.  "24,  the  cliurcli  was  opened  for  divine  service  in  the  morning,  a  Sabbath 
School  was  organized  with  sixt^'-three  scholars  in  the  afternoon.  Rev.  M.  Card  of  Soma- 
nauk,  preached  the  dedication  service  to  a  crowded  house  from  the  words,  '•  I  beseech  of 
thee  show  me  thy  glor}-."  Up  to  this  time  not  a  dollar  had  been  asked  for  to  defray  the 
expenses  of  building.  Something  less  than  one  hundred  dollars  had  been  given  in  voluntary 
contributions,  the  members  themselves  paying  for  the  house  as  tiie  building  progressed. 
At  its  dedication  about  *400  debt  remained.  An  ajipeal  was  made  to  the  congregation 
and  sometliing  like  $200  subscribed.  Every  Sabbath  morning  and  evening  services  were 
regularly  held,  and  sermons  preached  by  two  of  the  members  alternately,  till  the  follow- 
ing February  when  tlie  church  was  fortunate  enough  to  secure  the  services  of  the  Rev. 
Dr.  Post  of  Southern  Illinois  as  their  pastor.  Since  tlien  tiic  Sunday  School  has  increased 
to  125  and  tiie  ciiurcii  memliersliip  to  double  its  original  numlicr.  At  the  date  of  this 
sketch  the  church  is  prospering  beyond  the  utmost  expectation  of  its  meml)ers.  Happj', 
harmonious,  and  united,  witli  a  pastor  wiiose  zeal  and  knowledge  is  only  equaled  by  his 
kindly  interest  in  every  meml)er  of  his  flock,  and  whose  able  sermons  are  building  up 
good  congregations,  and  a  steadily  increasing  membership. 

The  German  Baptixt  Church.  —  In  the  3ear  18ol  Rev.  John  H.  Krueger  was  sent  to 
Peoria  by  the  Baptist  Home  Mi.ssionary  Society.  For  about  a  year  he  preaclied  as  mis- 
sionary, sometimes  in  the  Court-hiuse,  but  oftener  in  liis  own  residence,  until  August  8, 
1852,  when  the  church  was  duly  constituted  with  eight  members.  Mr.  Krueger  was 
elected  pastor  and  served  faithfully  and  well  for  about  ten  j'ears,  until  his  voice  failed  on 
account  of  an  aflfection  of  the  throat,  when  he  was  compelled  to  quit  preaching.  Since 
that  time  he  lias  resided  in  the  city  and  for  several  years  has  sat  upon  his  shoemaker's 
bencli  in  his  shop  on  the  Knoxviile  road  just  north  of  Main  street. 

After  a  time,  as  tiie  ciiurcIi  began  to  grow  in  niiml>ers,  they  sought  and  obtained 
permission  from  the  First  Baptist  society  to  hold  meetings  in  tlie  basement  of  their 
church.  Here  they  continued  to  make  tiieir  abiding  place  until  in  1802.  That  year  a 
lot  was  leased  on  tlie  corner  of  Soutii  Jefferson  and  Maple  streets  and  a  small  frame 
church  was  built  with  parsonage  attached  at  a  cost  of  aliout  8000. 

About  this  tiiiR',  a  few  months  after  Mr.  Krueger's  resignation.  Dr.  (t.  D.  Menger 
was  chosen  pastor,  which  p(jsition  lit-  occupied  for  about  five  years.  Then  followed  a 
lapse  of  a  few  months,  after  which  Rev.  Mr.  Merz  wtus  ordained  pastor.  Tliis  relation 
continued  during  a  period  of  about  two  yeare. 

The  next  pastor  chosen  was  Mr.  L.  H.  Donner,  who  continued  in  the  place  about 
nine  years.  During  the  pastorate  of  this  gentleman  the  parsonage  was  found  too  small, 
and  ii  couj)le  of  rooms  were  added.  .Mr.  Donner  resigned  iiis  place  October  1,  1878. 
Soon  afterward  Rev.  H.  L.  Dietz,  the  present  iiHiinibeni,  was  chosen. 

In  the  year  1875  the  society  purchased  a  brick  building  on  the  southwesterly  side  of 
Mon.son  Street,  between  Fourth  and  Fifth  Streets,  for  iH,St)0.  It  had  been  built  for  what 
was  known  as  the  Cumberland  Presliyterian  church  some  yeare  before,  but  for  some  time 


HISTORY  OF  PEORIA  COUNTY.  459 

previous  to  its  purchase  by  the  German  Baptists  it  had  been  allowed  to  run  to  decay.  It 
had  been  a  fair  looking  and  comfortable  building  for  a  small  sized  congregation.  The 
German  Baptists  as  soon  as  thej^  came  into  possession  of  it  went  to  work  to  improve  it. 
A  Sunday-school  room  was  built  on  in  rear  of  the  church  and  the  building  was  thor- 
oughly repaired  and  made  better  than  when  new. 

The  Sabbath-school  in  connection  with  this  church  was  organized  in  November, 
1859,  with  Henry  Hoklas  as  superintendent.  About  twenty-five  scholars  were  enrolled 
at  the  first  meeting,  The  present  membership  is  about  eighty,  and  Mr.  Charles  Haman 
is  the  superintendent. 

The  Catholic  Church  in  Peoria. — In  the  year  1673  the  illustrious  Father  Marquette,  a 
Jesuit  missionary,  ascended  the  Mississippi,  passing  the  Missouri,  and,  entering  the  Illi- 
nois, met  the  Indians  called  Peorias  on  its  banks,  most  probably  where  the  city  of  Peoria 
now  exists,  or  in  its  neighborhood.  He  spent  three  days  preaching  in  all  their  cabins. 
He  there  baptized  a  child  that  died  in  a  few  days  afterwards  —  the  first  fruits  of  Catho- 
licity in  Peoria. 

LaSalle  descended  the  Illinois  river  in  the  year  1680.  He  was  accompanied  by  mis- 
sionaries of  the  order  of  St.  Fi-ancis,  called  Recollects.  Of  these  Father  Gabriel, 
Rebourde,  and  Father  Membre,  visited  the  Peorias. 

Father  Gi-avier,  Jesuit,  labored  as  a  missionary  with  the  Peorians  in  the  years  1693 
and  1694.  There  were  among  them  some  fervent  Christians.  Even  in  the  absence  of 
the  missionary  the  men  assembled  in  the  chapel  for  morning  and  evening  prayers,  and 
after  they  had  left  an  old  chief  went  through  the  village  to  call  the  women  aud  children 
to  the  same  duty. 

About  the  year  1700  Father  Gravier  returned  to  Peoria  and  renewed  his  labors  there  ; 
but  the  medicine  men  excited  a  sedition  in  which  the  missionary  was  dangerously 
wounded,  and  narrowly  escaped  with  his  life. 

Father  Marest  occupied  the  station  for  some  time  after  Father  Gravier,  and  the 
mission,  then  becoming  vacant,  the  Indians,  in  punishment  for  their  cruelty  to  their  late 
missionary,  were  cut  off  from  the  French  trade.  Father  Marest  again  visited  them  in 
1711  and  found  them  humbled  and  conscious  of  their  fault.  On  his  return  to  Kaskaskia 
he  sent  from  there  Father  DeVille  to  renew  the  faith  among  the  Peorians. 

DeVille  was  a  man  of  zeal  and  talent,  and  possessed  of  the  art  of  winning  Indians, 
so  that  the  progress  of  the  mission  was  rapid. 

However,  comparatively  few  of  the  Peorians  had  bowed  to  the  cross,  and  after 
Father  Louis  DeVille  had  left,  the  village  was  again  without  a  missionary  and  it  became 
almost  entirely  pagan. 

Yet  it  presented  hopes.  The  great  chief  wore  on  his  breast  a  cross  and  figure  of  the 
Blessed  Virgin.  He  had  found  the  latter  and  wore  it  with  confidence  when  told  that  it 
represented  the  mother  of  God. 

At  the  time  of  Father  Charlevoix's  visit  to  the  mission  in  1721,  this  chief's  little 
daughter  was  dying  and  he  brought  her  to  the  missionary  to  be  baptized. 

In  course  of  time,  from  many  causes  not  necessary  to  mention  here,  the  Indian  mis- 
sion of  Peoria,  like  all  the  otlier  Illinois  Indian  missions,  ceased  to  exist. 

About  the  year  1839,  Father  Reho,  an  Italian,  visited  the  few  Catholics  then  in  the 
village  of  Peoria  and  its  surroundings  for  many  miles  distant. 

As  a  Catholic  center  in  those  early  days,  Kickapoo  was  regarded  as  of  more  impor- 
tance than  Peoria,  for  Father  Reho  built  a  stone  church  there  in  1840,  while  Peoria  had 
not  one  until  1847,  the  old  brick  building  long  since  taken  down. 

After  Father  Reho,  several  priests,  Parodi,  Stehle,  Rinaldi  and  others,  had  charge  of 
the  Peoria  mission  up  to  the  time  of  Father  Montuori,  wlio  built  the  present  St.  Mary's 
brick  church.  It  was  dedicated  by  Archbishop  Kenrick,  of  St.  Louis,  on  the  17th  of 
April,  1853.     About  tiiat  time  the  German  Catholic  congregation  was  organized.     They 


460  IIISTOHY  OF  PEORIA  COUNTY. 

had  service  for  some  time  in  St.  Mary's  church,  until  their  own  church  edifice,  St. 
Josepli's  frame  building,  was  dedicated  in  the  Fall  of  the  year  18o4.  The  first  pastor  was 
Rev.  Father  Gipperich. 

The  pastor  of  St.  Mary's,  Father  Coyle,  built  St.  Patrick's  frame  church  in  the 
south-west  district  of  Peoria,  in  the  year  1862.  The  wants  of  the  congregation  there 
were  attended  to  from  St.  Mary's  church  until  the  1st  of  March,  1868,  when  Rev.  M. 
Hurley  took  charge  of  it  as  pastor.  The  congregation  is  now  building  a  beautiful  brick 
church,  at  a  cost  of  $2ij,000.  It  is  expected  to  be  completed  in  the  course  of  the  present 
year  li>80.     Father  Hurley  is  still  pastor  of  that  congregation. 

The  St.  Joseph's  congregation  is  also  building  a  fine  brick  church,  at  a  cost  of  '$26, - 
000.  It  also  is  expected  to  be  read}-  for  dedication  before  the  present  year  will  come  to 
an  end.     Father  Baak  is  the  pastor. 

On  the  lltii  of  January  of  this  year,  1880,  the  new  church  of  the  Sacred  Heart  of 
Jesus  was  dedicated  by  Rt.  Rev.  Bishop  Spalding.  It  is  situated  on  Madison  Street,  near 
Main.  It  makes  tiie  fourth  Catholic  churcii  in  Peoria.  Tiie  congregation  is  German, 
and  was  organized  in  1878.     The  pastor  is  very  Rev.  Titus  Steiner,  O.  M.  C. 

The  diocese  of  Peoria  was  erected  by  Papal  Brief  on  the  12th  of  February,  1875, 
and  the  first  and  present  bishop,  Right  Rev.  John  Lancaster  Sj)alding,  D.D.,  wiis  conse- 
crated in  New  York  by  Cardinal  McClosky,  on  the  1st  of  May,  1877.  His  cathedral  is 
St.  Mary's  cliurch.  tlie  present  pastor  of  which  is  Rev.  B.  J.  Spalding. 

The  total  number  of  Catholics  of  every  nationality  in  the  city  of  Peoria  can  not  be 
less  than  7,000.  The  Catholic  education  of  the  children  of  the  respective  congregations 
is  carefully  attended  to,  parochial  schools  being  attached  to  each  church.  Tlie  total  num- 
ber of  children  in  regular  attendance  is  over  1,100.  The  teachers,  for  the  most  part,  are 
ladies  of  religious  orders  ;  the  School  Sisters  of  Notre  Dame  at  St.  Joseph's  and  St.  Pat- 
rick's churches  ;  the  Sisters  of  St.  Joseph  at  St.  Mary's,  and  the  Ursulines  at  the  churcli 
of  the  Sacred  Heart. 

The  Sisters  of  St.  Joseph  own  a  fine,  sjjacious  l)uilding  on  Madison  Street.  It  is 
called  the  Academy  of  the  Sacred  Heart.  Here  young  ladies,  both  boarders  and  day 
scholars,  receive  a  finished  education  in  the  higher  branches  of  learning. 

On  tlie  East  bluff  one  of  the  most  consjiicuous  and  handsome  buildings  is  the  Brad- 
ley Hospital.  It  is  owned  and  conducted  by  the  Sisters  of  St.  Francis,  wlio  were  exiled 
from  Germany  a  few  years  ago.     It  was  establislied  in  1878. 

Churrh  of  Chrift. — This  congregation  was  organized  in  the  year  184;")  by  Elder  A.  J. 
Kane,  of  Springfield,  who  still  lives,  honored  and  respected  as  a  man  and  i>roclainier  of 
the  gospel  of  Christ.  Its  first  organization  had  the  same  number  that  met  with  the  Sa- 
vior of  men  at  the  last  suj)per,  in  tlie  supper  clianilier  in  JerusaJeni.  Its  first  elder  was 
Williaiu  Tilford,  who  served  the  churcii  laithfully  until  his  deutli.  on  Ajiril  :!,  1851.  Of 
the  original  twelve  Mrs.  Eliza  White,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  .1.  I'.  Brown  —  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Samp- 
son Shockley,  now  of  Eureka,  and  who  have  apostatised  —  are  all  known  to  be  living  at 
this  writing.     P.  C.  Redding,  Esq.  united  with  the  church  in  1847. 

It  was  at  first  a  despised  band.  Tiie  words  of  Chillingworth  —  worthy  of  being  in- 
scribed on  the  walls  of  every  meeting  house  in  letters  of  gold  —  were  adopted  as  a  motto, 
"  Where  the  l}il)le  speaks,  we  speak  ;  where  tlie  Bible  is  silent,  we  arc  silent  ;  tiie  Hii>le, 
and  the  Bible  alone,  tiie  religion  of  Protestants."  The  feeble  band  tried  to  be  faithful  to 
God  and  His  word,  despite  all  opposition.  They  met  from  week  to  week  for  jtrayer  and 
praise,  as  well  as  on  the  Lord's  day,  for  the  purpose  of  exhorting  one  another  to  faitiiful- 
ness,  and  to  hear  a  sermon  if  a  preacher  was  present.  Tiie  especial  object  of  meeting  on 
every  Lord's  day,  was  to  commemorate  the  death,  burial  and  lesiirrection  of  the  Savior 
in  tiie  Ivord's  supper.  Tliey  were  oliliged  for  ten  years  to  meet  from  house  to  house  as  a 
rule,  liiit  upon  extra  occasions  the  fire  engine  rooms  or  ('ourt-house  was  secured.  Elder 
D.  P.  Henderson  immersed  the  first  person  (^"Mrs.  Nancy  Bafl ,)  into  the  church  in  1847. 


HISTORY   OF   PEORIA    COUNTY.  461 

Elders  W.  H.  Davenport,  John  Lindsay,  William  Brown,  Milton  King,  D.  P.  Henderson 
and  A.  J.  Kane  preached  at  different  times  for  the  struggling  band.  In  March,  1853,  a 
reorganization  took  place,  effected  by  Elder  M.  P.  King ;  J.  P.  Brown  was  set  apart  to 
the  office  of  elder,  and  Sampson  Shockley  to  that  of  deacon.  The  reorganization  took 
place  at  the  residence  of  Mrs.  Eliza  White,  who  still  lives  at  the  same  place,  corner 
Adams  and  Greene  Streets,     At  this  time  their  number  had  increased  to  twenty-six. 

In  1854  the  congregation  began  to  consider  the  necessity  of  having  a  house  of  wor- 
ship, and  by  great  sacrifice,  and  a  liberalit}'  seldom  displa3'ed  by  persons  under  like  cir- 
cumstances, the  chapel  on  Seventh  Street  was  built  and  dedicated  February  17,  1855,  by 
Elder  Wm.  Brown,  of  Springfield,  lUinois,  and  President  0.  A.  Burgess,  now  of  Butler 
University,  Indianapolis,  Indiana.  The  Bible  school  was  organized  in  that  year.  From 
1855  to  1857  Elder  John  Lindsay,  now  of  Eureka,  labored  for  the  congregation  as  its 
pastor,  and  the  church  was  prosperous.  In  the  latter  3'ear  Elder  J.  A.  Carman  was  called 
to  the  pastorate.  For  several  years  from  1858,  the  professors  and  students  of  Eureka 
College  filled  the  pulpit;  in  1862  Elder  D.  R.  Howe  preached  for  the  church;  in  1864 
and  1865  his  place  was  filled  by  Elder  John  O.  Kane,  who  was  one  of  the  mighty  men  of 
his  day.  The  singing  evangelist.  Elder  Knowles  Shaw,  held  in  August,  1872,  a  protracted 
meeting  in  a  tent,  resulting  in  more  than  fifty  accessions.  Elder  Shaw  was  one  of  the 
most  successful  Evangelists  of  this  century,  having  received  into  the  church  more  than 
ten  thousand  persons.  He  was  killed  in  a  railroad  accident  near  Dallas,  Texas,  in  1877, 
when  in  the  prime  of  life  and  the  most  successful  part  of  his  ministry. 

During  the  month  of  October,  1872,  the  church  called  Elder  Ira  J.  Chase,  to  act  as 
the  under  shepherd  to  the  flock.  In  1875,  the  chapel  on  Seventh  Street  became  too 
small  for  the  congregation,  and  through  the  efforts  of  the  pastor  and  people,  they  were 
able  to  purchase  of  the  New  School  Presbyterians  their  neat  brick  house  of  worship,  cor- 
ner of  Fulton  and  Monroe  Streets,  at  a  cost  of  $7,000.  During  Elder  Chase's  pastorate, 
hundreds  of  persons  have  united  with  the  church,  and  the  society  is  in  peace,  and  appar- 
ently in  love  with  their  minister. 

The  First  Congregational  Church.  —  The  Congregational  claims  to  be  the  first 
regularly  organized  church  in  Peoria,  It  was  organized  in  the  year  1834  b}'  Revs.  Flavel 
Bascom  and  Romulus  Barnes.  The  place  was  then  a  village  of  only  about  400  inhabi- 
tants, and  the  church  started  out  with  a  membership  of  eight.  It  was  no  light  task  for 
this  handful  to  undertake  the  construction  even  of  a  primitive  house  of  worship.  They 
determined  to  make  the  effort,  however,  and  the  result  was  highly  gratifying.  They 
succeeded  in  A.  D.  1835  in  erecting  a  plain  wooden  building,  twenty-eight  by  fifty  feet. 
At  that  time,  although  the  majority  of  the  members  were  Congregationalist  in  sentiment, 
the  form  of  church  government  was  Presbyterian.  This  was  the  status  until  October, 
1847,  when  the  Congregational  polity  was  formally  adopted.  From  the  organization  of 
the  church  to  1847  the  following  named  ministers  had  successively  occupied  the  position 
of  pastor :     Flavel  Bascom,  Jeremiah  Porter,  J.  Spaulding,  and  Mr.  Lamb. 

This  church,  actuated  by  a  spirit  of  reform,  took  strong  anti-slavery  grounds.  Feb- 
ruary 13,  1843,  when  convened  with  others  for  the  purjjose  of  organizing  an  anti-slavery 
societ}',  they  were  driven  from  their  own  house  of  worship  by  a  mob,  which  was  headed 
by  some  of  the  prominent  citizens  of  the  place.  Previous  to  this  action  by  the  mob  a 
hostile  meeting  had  been  held  at  the  Court-house,  where  it  was 

"  Resolved  to  oppose  by  force,  if  necessary,  the  organization  of  any  anti-slavery  society  in  Peoria."  The  reasons 
were  given  as  follows  :  "  The  doctrines  advocated  by  members  of  said  society,  are  in  direct  conflict  with  the  laws 
and  constitution  of  the  United  States,  and  their  ultimate,  if  not  direct,  tendency  is  to  produce  discord  and  disunion 
between  the  Federal  States  of  this  Union,  with  no  possibility  of  a  benefit  resulting  to  those  in  whose  favor  their 
sympathies  seem  to  be  enlisted,  and  the  organization  of  such  society  in  the  town  of  Peoria  would  only  tend  to  dis- 
parage and  disgrace  us  as  a  community,  and  create  domestic  and  personal  difficulties  and  disorders." 

After  the  adoption  of  the  Congregational  form  of  church  government  proper,  Rev. 


462  HISTORY  OF  PEOUIA  COUNTY. 

William  H.  Star  was  the  first  pastor.  He  preached  from  October,  1847,  until  October, 
1848.  In  Noveiul)ei'  of  that  year  Rev.  L.  Spencer  commenced  his  labors  as  pastor  of  the 
church.  In  the  year  1852  the  Main  Street  church,  for  many  years  the  pride  of  the  cit}', 
was  erected  at  a  cost  of  #8,000.  It  was  surmounted  by  a  fine  spire,  but  in  the  great 
tornado  of  May  13,  1858,  it  was  carried  away  by  the  wind  and  was  never  rebuilt.  In 
1878  the  cliurch  edifice  went  down  before  the  march  of  improvement,  and  a  block  of 
stores  now  occupies  its  former  site. 

Mr.  Spencer  continued  as  pastor  until  April  14, 1853,  when  the  relation  was  severed 
by  death.  His  successor  was  Rev.  J.  W.  Marsh,  who  served  as  pastor  from  January  *2, 
1853,  to  May  1, 1854.  Then  Rev.  Henry  Adams  was  chosen  pastor,  and  ministered  unto 
the  church  until  November,  1855.  In  October  of  that  year  twenty-two  members  with- 
drew from  the  church  and,  in  connection  with  others,  organized  what  became  the  Fulton 
Street  Presbyterian  Church.  This  branch,  or  shoot,  from  the  old  church  was  first  called 
the  Union  Congi-egational  Church  and  Society.  It  was  organized  December  8,  1857,  a 
New  School  Presbyterian  church,  by  authority  of  the  Presbytery  of  Knox.  For  ten 
years  the  organization  was  thus  known,  after  which  time,  in  view  of  the  prospective 
re-union  of  the  two  churches,  the  name  was  changed  to  the  Fulton  Sireet  Presbyterian 
Church  and  society. 

Tlie  first  pastor  was  Rev.  Isaac  E.  Carey,  who  was  called  December  8,  1857,  and 
served  until  August  29,  1860.  A  house  of  worship  was  built  on  the  corner  of  Fulton  and 
Monroe  Streets,  and  it  was  dedicated  on  Christmas  day,  1859.  It  wius  enlarged  and  im- 
proved at  considerable  expense  in  1868,  and  was  re-opened  with  appropriate  services 
December  27th  of  that  year. 

The  pastors  of  the  church  who  succeeded  Mr.  Carey  were  as  follows: 

Rev.  Wilbur  McKaig,  called  November  2,  1860  ;  resigned  June  2,  1862. 

Rev.  Samuel  Wyckoff,  called  November  24,  1862  ;  resigned  October  3,  1864. 

Rev.  Asahel  H.  Brooks,  called  July  3,  1865;  resigned  March  4,  1868. 

Rev.  Horace  C.  Ilovey,  called  January  5,  1869  ;  resigned  April  13,  1873. 

Rev.  Robert  A.  Condit,  called  October  27,  1873 ;  resigned  November  10,  1874. 

In  the  latter  part  of  the  year  1874,  committees  were  appointed  by  both  the  Congre- 
gational and  Fulton  Street  Presbyterian  churches  with  a  view  to  the  re-union  of  the  two. 
At  a  meeting  of  these  committees  held  Tuesday  evening,  December  22.  1874,  the  follow- 
ing preambles  and  resolutions  were  adopted  and  presented  for  approval  and  ratification  as 
a  basis  of  union  : 

Whrreas,  Relieving  lh.it  a  union  of  the  two  churches  would  be  for  mutual  benefit.  .inJ  that  the  growth  of 
Christ's  kini^dum  in  our  city  would  be  greatly  strengthened  by  a  more  consolidated  effort  and  concentrated  use  of 
Christian  means  and  influence  ;  and, 

WiiP.RKAs,  We,  as  churches,  hold  the  same  views  of  all  essential  doctrines  of  Christianity  as  taught  by  our  Lord 
and  Savior  Jesus  Christ.     Therefore,  be  it 

Resolved,  That  it  is  expedient  for  the  Main  Street  Congregational  and  Fulton  Street  Presbyterian  Churches  to 
unite. 

Resolved,  That  the  name  of  the  United  church  be  called  the  F"irst  Congregational  Church  of  IVoria. 

Resolved,  That  the  present  pastor  of  the  Main  Street  Congregational  Church  shall  be  the  pastor  of  the  United 
Church. 

Rf solved.  That  the  property  of  both  churches  be  the  property  of  the  United  church. 

Resolved,  That  immediate  steps  be  taken  toward  the  erection  of  a  new  and  commodious  church  edifice,  and  that 
the  present  church  property  belonging  to  each  shall  be  sold  as  soon  as  practicable,  and  the  procee«ls  applied  for 
that  purpose. 

Resolved,  That  until  such  new  church  edifice  is  ready  to  be  occupied,  services  on  Sabbath  and  week  days  to  be 
held  in  c.ich  church  alternately. 

Committee  Fulton  Street  Preshylerian  Church  —  Wm.  Tmesdale,  Lucius  L.  Day,  Thomas  Wood,  W.  H.  Robin- 
son, N.  K.  Hcasley. 

Committee  .ifain  Street  CoHgregalionat  Church  —  Moses  Pettengill,  Benj.  Foster,  Jas.  T.  Rogers,  Horace  Clark, 
Henry  Dinnian. 

Thi-*  formal  union,  under  the  title  of  the  "  First  Congregational  Church  of  Peoria," 
was  aocomplisliod  in  connection  with  public  Sabbath  exercises,  January  31,  1875. 


HISTORY   OF   PEORIA  COUNTY.  463 

After  the  split,  and  previous  to  the  re-union,  the  Main  Street  church  had  for  pas- 
tors : 

Rev.  J.  Steiner,  from  December,  1855,  to  July,  1856. 

Rev.  A.  A.  Stevens,  from  December,  1856,  to  June,  1866. 

Rev.  G.  W.  Phinney,  from  June,  1866,  to  June,  1867. 

Rev.  J.  A.  Mack,  from  April  1,  1868,  to  June  8,  1870. 

Rev.  A.  A.  Stevens  was  re-called,  and  commenced  his  labors  September  21,  1870. 
In  October,  1879,  after  nearly  twenty  years  service  in  the  church,  Mr.  Stevens,  by 
reason  of  old  age  and  the  increased  labors  connected  with  the  pastorate,  asked  for  an 
assistant. 

In  1875,  the  erection  of  a  splendid  church  edifice  was  commenced.  It  is  of  stone, 
and  is  surmounted  I)y  a  stone  spire,  the  only  one  in  the  city.  The  auditorium  is  not  yet 
completed  (1879).  Tlie  vestry  rooms,  etc.,  in  the  basement,  are  completed,  and  have 
been  in  use  since  the  Spring  of  1878,  when  the  society  sold  their  Main  Street  property  to 
Mr.  W.  R.  Bush  for  $7,000.  The  Fulton  Street  church  property  was  sold  for  about 
$5,000.  Both  these  sums,  however,  were  but  a  drop  in  the  bucket  toward  the  sum  re- 
quired for  the  completion  of  the  new  building.  The  cost  of  the  building  thus  far  has 
been  $87,514.  It  is  estimated  that  to  complete  the  auditorium  will  require  about  $15,000. 
Added  to  this  will  be  the  expense  of  an  organ,  about  $4,000,  and  a  chime  of  seven  or 
nine  bells,  which  will  be  put  in  the  tower.  This  will  be,  when  completed,  decidedly  the 
finest  church  structure  in  the  city.  It  is  located  on  the  corner  of  Monroe  and  Hamilton 
Streets. 

The  membership  in  1879  was  three  hundred.  In  connection  with  the  church  is  a 
large  and  successful  Sabbath  school,  of  which  Mr.  L.  L.  Day  is  superintendent.  Ply- 
mouth Mission  Sunday  school,  corner  of  Fourth  and  Spencer  Streets,  of  which  Mr.  Benja- 
min Foster  is  superintendent,  is  in  charge  of  this  church.  The  two  schools  have  a  com- 
bined membership  of  six  hundred  and  fifty. 

>S'^  Paul's  Episcopal  Church. — St.  Paul's  Parish  was  organized  in  the  year  1848, 
under  the  Rev.  J.  S.  Chamberlaine,  deacon,  as  minister  in  charge,  and  the  following  gen- 
tlemen as  vestry :  Thos.  Squires,  senior  warden ;  Henry  Rugg,  junior  warden  ;  and 
Washington  Cockle,  Geo.  Stewardson,  Henry  A.  Foster,  E.G.  Sanger,  B.  L.  T.  Bourland, 
William  Weidenham,  and  Dr.  E.  Andrews,  vestrymen.  In  the  ensuing  month,  namely 
on  April  10,  1848,  Mr.  Rugg  and  Dr.  Andrews  resigned  their  positions,  and  thereupon 
Wm.  Mitchell  and  Dr.  Rudolphus  Rouse  were  made  vestrymen.  In  the  Autumn  of  the 
same  year,  the  parish  accepted  a  plot  of  ground  with  deed  of  trust,  from  Dr.  Philander 
Chase,  Bishop  of  the  Diocese  of  Illinois,  for  the  purpose  of  the  erection  and  constant 
maintenance  of  a  church  edifice.  On  May  14,  1849,  Bishop  Chase  instrumentally  con- 
veyed to  the  parish,  as  a  gift  from  some  person  not  named,  a  valuable  lot  of  books  of  the- 
ology —  52  in  number  —  "  for  the  benefit  of  the  said  parish  and  minister  forever." 

On  the  first  day  of  April,  1850,  the  following  ofiBcers  were  elected  to  serve  for  the  ensu- 
ing year :  Alex.  G.  Tyng  and  James  L.  Riggs,  wardens ;  and  John  Birkett,  Rudolphus 
Rouse,  Geo.  C.  Bestor,  Jacob  Schaffner,  Matthew  Griswold,  E,  T.  Sanger  and  Washing- 
ton Cockle,  vestrymen. 

In  1850  the  erection  of  a  brick  church  was  begun,  Mr.  Chas.  Ulricson  being  architect 
and  builder.  The  edifice  with  its  square  tower  was  greatly  admired,  and  for  many  j^ears 
regarded  as  the  most  attractive  object  in  the  city.  Its  walls  and  tower  covered  with  ivy, 
formed  a  pleasant  picture,  that  still  lingers  in  the  luemory  of  the  older  inhabitants  of 
Peoria  and  the  surrounding  country.  This  building  stood  for  about  thirty  years,  when 
it  was  pulled  down,  in  order  that  it  might  give  place  to  a  larger  and  more  costly  edifice 
of  stone.  But  at  tliis  period,  an  almost  unparalleled  misfortune  befell  the  church  com- 
munity, through  the  desertion  of  a  number  of  the  members.  A  schism  was  created  in  the 
bod}-,  and  the  defecting  members  proceeded  to  organize  themselves  into  a  congregation, 


464  HISTORY   OF   PEORIA   COUNTY 

within  the  communion  of  a  society  termed  "  The  Reformed  Episcopal  Church,"'  which  had 
recently  been  formed  by  Rev.  Dr.  Cummings  and  Rev.  Mr.  Cheney.  Hence  it  is  hardly 
necessar}-  to  state  that  the  proposed  stone  church  has  not  been  built,  and  that  the  part  of 
the  congregation  which  remained  faithful  to  the  church  has  had  to  pay  the  cost  of  the 
destruction  of  the  former  building,  and  is  at  jiresent  holding  service  in  a  frame  structure, 
which  now  stands  upon  the  old  site.  This  church  seats  about  .lOO  persons,  is  neat, 
churchly,  and  plain  as  to  the  exterior,  while  its  interior  has  been  made,  at  very  small 
cost,  to  present  the  most  pleasing  aspect,  in  ecclesiastical  arrangement  and  decoration,  of 
any  church  in  Peoria.  In  the  past  three  yeai-s  the  congregation  has  experienced  a 
remarkable  growth  ;  the  Sunday  school  is  strong  again  ;  and  the  parish  is  not  without 
hope  that  even  yet — in  a  very  few  years — there  shall  be  erected  a  handsome,  costly  and 
enduring  edifice  of  stone,  that  shall  be  an  ornament  to  the  city.  At  hist  Easter  the  entire 
debt  of  the  parish  —  over  $6,000  —  was  discharged  by  the  congregation,  and  the  present 
income  is  equal  to  the  annual  expenses.  There  are  five  active  societies  in  the  parish, 
working  under  the  direction  of  the  Rector :  The  Ladies  Aid  Society,  The  Church  Guild 
(young  men).  The  Altar  Society,  The  Young  Peoples'  Benevolent  Society  (for  the  care 
of  the  poor),  and  The  Helpers.     The  present  number  of  communicants  is  about  loO. 

The  following  is  the  succession  of  Rectors  after  Rev.  Mr.  Chamberlaine  :  Revs. 
J.  W.  Cracraft,  Henry  N.  Strong,  D.  D.,  Joseph  M.  Wait.  Warren  H.  Roberts,  J.  W. 
Bonham,  I.  L.  Townsend,  S.  T.  D.,  \Vm.  J.  Johnson,  and  Rev.  Wm.  Bryce  Morrow,  the 
present  incumbent.  * 

St.  Paul's  Parish  owes  much  of  its  prosperity,  if  not  indeed  its  continued  existence 
through  its  hard  trials,  to  the  patient  courage  and  unfailing  liberality  of  Matthew  Gris- 
wold,  Esq.,  wlio  has  been  an  officer  of  the  vestry  from  almost  the  first  inception  of  the 
church,  and  still  remains  in  the  position  of  senior  warden. 

The  Reformed  Epincopal  Christ  Church. —  When  information  of  the  organization  of 
the  Reformed  Episcopal  Church  in  New  York  city,  Dec.  2,  1873,  reached  Peoria,  sev- 
eral persons,  at  that  time  members  of  St.  Paul's  Protestant  Episcopal  Church,  decided 
to  organize  a  Reformed  Episcopal  Church  in  Peoria.  As  soon  as  the  proposed  action  V)e- 
came  known  much  sympathy  for  the  proposed  organization  was  manifested,  not  only  by 
Protestant  Episcopalians,  but  al.so  by  Christians  of  other  denominations.  This  action 
was  induced  by  a  growing  inclination  on  the  part  of  the  old  church  to  adopt  high  church 
forms  and  ritual.  This  tendency  had  been  vigorously  opposed  by  some  of  the  best  men 
in  the  church,  but  finding  their  opposition  futile,  the  Reformed  Church  offered  a  refuge 
that  they  were  glad  to  accept.  Among  the  prominent  infmbei>  of  the  old  church  in  this 
city  who  opposed  the  high  church  dogmas  was  Mr.  A.  G.  Tyng,  at  whose  invitation 
Bish<q)  George  I).  Cummins,  of  the  Reformed  Church,  visited  Peoria.  A  meeting  was 
held  at  the  Second  Presbyterian  church,  which  was  largely  attenileil  and  quite  enthusi- 
astic. Addresses  were  delivered  by  Bishop  Cummins,  Col.  Aycrigg  and  .Mr.  A.  G.  Tyng. 
Subscriptions  were  commenced  for  a  rector's  support,  and  so  liberal  was  the  response 
that  liisliop  Cummins  was  authorized  to  secure  a  rector  immediately. 

Rev.  Josejih  I).  Wilson,  rector  of  Culvary  Protestant  Episcopal  Ciiunli.  Pittsburg, 
was  called  Feb.  4,  1h74,  and  the  call  was  accepted.  Feb.  17th,  Ash  Wednesday,  he 
arrived  in  the  city  and  commenced  his  labors.  I'revious  to  his  coming  services  were  held 
in  the  various  churches  of  the  city.  Rev.  Ma.son  Gallagher  officiated  at  the  first  services 
of  the  new  church,  held  the  first  .Sabbath  in  January,  1H74. 

In  the  time  betweiMi  Jan.  1  and  June,  1K71,  a  lot  on  JefTerson  Street,  near  Fayette, 
was  leased,  and  a  fine,  CDUunodinus  church  edifice  wa.s  erected  at  a  cost,  incUuling  vestry 
and  Sunday-school  rooms,  of  about  $1:5,000.  In  addition  to  this  a  •f;5,.")00  organ  was  put  in, 
and  the  building  was  nicely  carpeted  and  furnished  at  an  expense  of  about  jii.OOO.  The 
funds  necessary  for  the  purchase  of  the  organ  were  raised  through  the  efforts  of  Mrs. 
F.  B.  M.  Brothcrson. 


HISTORY   OF   PEORIA   COUNTY.  465 

June  9,  1879,  Mr.  Wilson  resigned  the  rectorship,  after  five  years  successful  ministry. 
He  accepted  a  call  from  St.  John's  Church,  Chicago. 

In  a  few  weeks  thereafter,  a  call  was  extended  to  Rev.  E.  B.  England,  of  the  Second 
Methodist  Episcopal  Church  of  Peoria.  The  call  was  accepted,  and  Mr.  England 
preached  his  first  sermon  Aug.  3,  1879. 

At  its  organization  there  were  about  fifty  members  in  the  society.  This  number 
was  soon  increased  to  one  hundred,  and  there  are  now  two  hundred  and  fifty  regular 
communicants. 

Monday  evening,  January  12,  the  first  parish  meeting  of  the  society  was  held.  Then 
it  was  decided  to  take  the  name,  "  Christ  Church."  At  the  same  meeting  the  following 
named  were  chosen  officers  of  the  church :  Mr.  A.  G.  Tyng,  senior  warden  ;  Charles  F. 
Bacon,  junior  warden.  Vestrymen  were  chosen  as  follows :  H.  B.  Hopkins,  P.  R.  K. 
Brotherson,  H.  B.  Dox,  C.  A.  Jameson,  Charles  H.  Kellogg,  John  S.  Stevens,  Walter  B. 
Hotchkiss.  B.  F.  Ellis,  R.  F.  Seabur}',  jr.,  and  Walter  P.  Colburn.  Of  the  above  named, 
Walter  P.  Colburn  was  elected  secretary  and  Walter  B.  Hotchkiss,  treasurer. 

In  1879,  the  officers  were:  A.  G.  Tyng,  senior  warden;  Thomas  S.  Weddle,  junior 
warden.  The  vestrymen  were :  C.  F.  Bacon,  C.  A.  Jameson,  W.  A.  Beasley,  W.  F. 
Bryan,  W.  G.  Sloan,  W.  T.  Hanna,  J.  J.  Steiger,  John  S.  Stevens  and  John  Birks. 

The  Sundaj'-school  on  the  corner  of  High  and  Cedar  Streets,  which  had  been  for 
some  time  previously  to  the  establishment  of  the  church  organized  by  Mr.  Tyng,  was 
placed  iinder  the  control  of  Christ  Church,  with  Mr.  A.  G.  Tyng  as  superintendent. 

A  Sunday-school  had  been  organized  on  the  east  bluff  by  Mrs.  George  C.  Bestor,  the 
meetings  being  held  in  the  parlors  of  her  residence  until  a  new  building  was  erected  on 
the  Knoxville  road,  when  it  was  removed  there.  After  the  organization  of  the  church, 
this  school  was  also  placed  under  its  charge.  Mr.  Wm.  H.  Robinson  became  superinten- 
dent, which  place  he  held  until  Easter,  1879,  when  Mr.  Chas.  A.  Jameson  took  charge. 

After  the  church  building  was  completed,  a  Sunday-school  was  organized  with  Mr. 
John  S.  Stevens  as  superintendent.  It  continued  under  his  charge  until  1878,  when  Mr. 
Thomas  S.  Weddle  became  superintendent.  The  membership  of  the  three  Sunday-schools 
is  over  600. 

The  Society  of  Friends  have  no  regular  organization  in  the  city,  but  through  the 
efforts  of  Mrs.  Ely  the  nucleus  of  what  may  in  time  be  a  large  congregation  meet  regu- 
larly, on  the  first  day  of  the  week,  at  303  Sanford  Street.  Quite  a  number  of  families 
in  the  city  were  brought  up  under  the  influences  of  the  Friends,  but  owing  to  the  lack 
of  facilities  for  meeting,  and  other  causes,  have  of  late  identified  themselves  with  other 
religious  bodies. 

Fir»t  German  Evan.  Luth.  St.  PauVs  Church.  —  This  is  one  of  the  oldest  German  con- 
gregations in  the  city,  having  been  organized  by  the  Rev.  Mr.  Kopmann,  afterwards  their 
first  pastor,  in  the  year  1851.  The  first  trustees  of  the  church  were  H.  Harms,  W. 
Schroeder,  and  E.  Brants.  A  few  years  after  the  organization,  they  built  a  small  church 
on  Sixth  Street,  but  that,  in  time,  proving  too  small  for  their  increasing  numbers,  they 
moved  about  ten  years  age  to  their  present  place  of  worship,  corner  of  First  and  Good- 
win Streets,  adding  to  it  at  the  same  time  a  school-house  and  parsonage.  Tiie  present 
officers  of  the  church  are  Rev.  Frederick  B.  Bess,  pastor,  and  Messrs.  P.  Becker,  C. 
Schmidt,  F.  Dwehus  and  D.  Tjarks,  trustees  ;  the  membership  consists  of  thirty-five 
families.  The  value  of  the  chui-ch  property,  including  parsonage  and  school-house,  is 
about  $5,000  ;  the  annual  contributions  for  religious  and  other  purposes  aggregate  about 
$675.  Their  Sabbath-school  is  at  present  very  prosperous,  having  an  attendance  of  from 
60  to  70  children. 

The  congregation  had  a  very  auspicious  beginning,  but  some  years  after  fell  on 
troublous  times,  and  was   almost   reduced  to  dissolution.       Two  years  ago,  however, 


466  HISTOKY  OF  PEOKIA  COUNTY. 

a  fresh  start  was  taken  and  renewed  efforts  made,  and  it  is  now  again  in  a  promising  con- 
dition. 

German  Evan.  Luth.  Trinity  Church.  —  This  congregation  was  organized  by  the 
Rev.  I.  Fr.  lioeliiig,  who  was  afterwards  its  first  pastor,  and  who  preached  tlie  first 
sermon  in  Trinity  church  in  1857.  The  original  members  numbered  about  156,  and  the 
first  officers  were  Messrs.  C.  Schmidt,  D.  Harms,  C.  Hagemeier,  H.  E.  Harms,  and  E. 
Tegtmeier.  The  Kev.  Mr.  Boeling  was  succeeded  in  tlie  pasturate  by  the  Rev.  P. 
Heid,  January  17th,  1861,  who  ofiBciated  till  August  20,  1878,  when  the  present  pastor, 
the  Rev.  Gottlieb  Traub  replaced  him.  The  i)resent  memberships  number  about  800, 
and  Messrs.  Fr.  Meyer,  C.  Schmidt,  F.  Zeitz,  G.  Tjarks  and  W.  Wilhelms  are  trustees. 
Divine  services  are  well  attended,  and  the  church  prosperous.  The  annual  contribution 
for  religious,  school  and  benevolent  purposes  is  about  $2,000,  and  the  Sabbath-school  has 
an  average  attendance  of  200  scholars.  The  church  building  is  on  the  corner  of  Maple 
and  Jefferson  Streets,  is  a  handsome  one,  constructed  in  pure  Gothic  style,  and  the  inte- 
rior is  beautifully  painted  in  Gothic  frescos ;  cost  about  f8,060.  The  value 
of  the  church  property,  including  school-houses,  pareonage,  church  yard,  etc.,  is  about 
$20,000. 

German  Reformed  Chunh — Was  organized  in  May,  1869,  by  a  committee  of  the 
Cla,sses  of  Wisconsin  of  the  Reformed  Church  of  America,  with  thirteen  original  mem- 
bers, but  failing  to  secure  at  that  time  the  ministrations  of  a  pastor,  the  society  practi- 
cally dissolved,  but  was  reorganized  in  the  Summer  of  1871,  when  the  Rev.  John 
Miiller  was  called  to  the  pastorate,  and  an  inexpensive  church  built  on  the  corner  of  Per- 
simmon and  Madison  Streets,  which  is  still  their  religious  home.  The  Rev.  Mr.  Miiller 
continues  the  pastor,  and  the  present  officers  are  Messrs.  M.  Peters  and  W.  Geitz,  elders; 
R.  Tessen  and  E.  Ockenga,  deacons  ;  C.  Jannssen  and  R.  Tessen,  trustees.  The  mem- 
bership has  grown  slowly  but  steadily,  notwithstanding  many  deaths  and  removals, 
from  5  in  1871,  to  60,  at  the  present  time,  and  the  annual  contributions  of  all  kinds 
average  81,500. 

In  Maj',  1872,  the  Sabbath-school  was  organized  with  30  scholars;  it  gradually  in- 
creased and  is  now  in  a  flourishing  condition,  with  an  attendance  of  nearly  200.  The 
same  year  a  parfichial  school-house  was  built  and  a  competent  teacher  secured,  and  the 
school  has  done  uiiifoiinly  well  since  its  inception.  It  is  at  present  under  the  efficient 
cliarge  of  Mr.  J.  Knelling. 

German  Evangelical  Association.  —  In  1846  the  Rev.  S.  A.Tobias,  a  mi.ssionary  of 
this  body,  came  to  Peoria  and  preached  to  the  scattered  adherents  of  the  denomination 
in  various  parts  of  the  city,  and  from  that  time  on  regular  services  have  been  held.  The 
Church  was  organized  with  15  original  members,  through  the  efforts  of  Rev.  W.  Kolb, 
in  1817,  and  under  iiis  cliarge  also  was  their  lirst  meeting-house  built.  The  first  sta- 
tioned preacher  was  Uevd.  C.  Augenstein,  and  his  successors  in  the  ministry  have  been 
Revs.  C.  Kopp,  H.  Eitermann,  (t.  Esher.  J.  Schneider,  G.  M.  Young,  H.  Lageshulto,  C. 
Spielmann,  C.  Ott,  G.  Ramige.  W.  F.  Walter,  D.  Kraemer,  W.  Strassberger,  E.  von 
Frceden,  and  the  j)resent  piustor.  Rev.  G.  Vetter.  The  other  officers  of  the  church  are 
C.  Riiigel,  local  preacher;  II.  Ringcl  and  L.  E.  Becker,  clas.s-leiidi  is  ;  J.  F.  Faber,  (t.M. 
Green  and  J.  Fay,  trustees.     Tlie  present  number  of  its  members  is  85. 

In  1872  the  society  built  at  a  cost  of  *6,00U  a  good  frame  diureh  on  the  coriu-r  of 
State  and  First  Streets,  which  they  now  occupy,  and  al.so  a  parsonage  in  the  rear.  The 
total  valuation  of  the  property  they  hold  is  about  f8,000,  and  their  annual  contrilmtions 
for  all  ]iurpo^es  amount  to  about  8700. 

The  organization  of  the  Sunday-school  is  contemporaneous  with  that  of  the  churelu 
and  it  is  now  in  u  flourishing  condition,  with  an  attendance  of  120  children.  The  church 
also  is  moderately  prosperous,  and  has  had  at  times  glorious  revivals,  wiiereby  the  num- 
ber of  its  members  was  very  laiijely  increased,  ami  although,  through  deaths  andremov- 


HISTORY   OF  PEORIA  COUNTY.  467 

als,  the  list  of  members  is  not  so  large  as  it  has  been  in  past  times,  still  the  prospects  for 
the  future  are  encouraging. 

The  Jewish  Congregation  Anshai  Emeth. — Tliis  congregation  was  founded  in  the  year 
1863,  and  is  the  only  Jewish  congregation  at  present  existing  in  Peoria  county.  The 
pioneers  of  Judaism  in  Peoria  were  Messrs.  H.  Schwahacher,  Henry  UUnian,  Max  New- 
man, L.  Ballenberg,  and  others,  most  of  whom  are  still  living  in  the  city  and  distinguished 
for  their  wealth,  integrity  and  pul)lic-spiritedness.  The  number  of  members  in  the  first 
year  were  about  thirty,  but  as  the  city  increased  in  population,  tlie  congregation  increased 
in  membership,  so  that  at  present  it  contains  about  sixty  paying  members,  seat-holders 
not  included. 

The  temple  at  present  occupied  by  them  was  purchased  at  the  beginning  of  its 
career,  and  is  situated  on  Fulton  Street  between  Adams  and  Jefferson,  but  in  the  month 
of  October,  1879,  it  was  sold,  and  a  piece  of  jjroperty  was  bought  on  Jefferson  Street, 
between  Harrison  and  Liberty  Streets,  upon  which  a  magnificent  structure  wUl  be  erected 
before  May,  1S80. 

The  first  officers  of  the  congregation  were :  A.  Frank,  president ;  S.  Lyons,  vice- 
president  ;  M.  Newman,  secretary ;  Henry  Ullman,  treasurer ;  S.  Simon,  L.  Ballenberg, 
and  A.  Wachenheimer,  trustees.  The  present  officers  are  :  David  Ullman,  president ; 
M.  Salzenstine,  vice-president;  J.  Axman,  treasurer;  L.  Lowenthal,  secretary  ;  L.  Bal- 
lenberg, Harry  Ullman,  and  John  Korsosky,  trustees.  Its  ministers  have  been  as  follows : 
Rev.  M.  Moses,  from  1863  until  1873 ;  Rev.  Dr.  E.  B.  M.  Browne,  from  1873  until  the 
end  of  1875 ;  Rev.  Mr.  H.  Bloch,  from  1876  until  September,  1878 ;  and  Rev.  Dr.  David 
Stern,  who  is  the  present  rabbi. 

In  the  year  1874  some  members  seceded  from  the  congregation  on  account  of  some 
personal  misunderstandings,  and  they  erected  a  nice  little  temple  on  Seventh  Street. 
They  engaged  Rev.  Mr.  Messing  as  their  minister,  and  for  about  two  years  the}"  were  in 
a  very  prosperous  condition.  But  in  the  course  of  time  those  personal  misunderstandings 
were  forgiven  and  forgotten  by  both  parties,  and  there  is  no  doubt  that  when  the  new 
temple  will  be  completed,  the  Israelites  of  Peoria  will  be  a  united  body. 

EAELY   >rETHODISM   IN   PEORIA. 

You  raised  these  hallowed  walls  ;  the  desert  smiled 
And  paradise  was  opened  in  these  wilds. — Pope. 

The  first  preaching  near  the  site  of  Peoria  was  in  1673,  when  Joliet  and  Marquette 
passed  up  through  Lake  Peoria,  and  Marquette  preached  to  the  Indians.  Again  in  1686, 
when  La  Salle  built  Fort  CreveccEur,  Father  Hennepin,  who  accompanied  him  on  his 
travels,  preached  regularly  to  the  Indians  until  his  departure  in  March  of  that  year  on  a 
tour  of  discovery  in  the  upper  Mississippi  country.  From  that  time  until  1823  the  soli- 
tudes around  Fort  Clark  were  unbroken  and  undisturbed  by  songs  of  prayer  and  praise, 
unless  the  songs  the  birds  sang  were  offered  as  tributes  of  adoration  to  the  Great  Archi- 
tect whose  hand  unfolded  the  beautiful  prairies  and  reared  the  mighty  blufi's  that,  like  a 
cordon  of  forts,  hem  in  the  beantiful  river  of  the  Illini. 

The  credit  of  holding  the  first  Protestant  services  is  generally  ascribed  to  Rev.  Jesse 
Walker,  a  man  whose  name  is  familiar  in  the  early  history  of  northern  and  central  Illi- 
nois, and  who  is  remembered  by  the  surviving  settlers  of  1820  to  1853  with  feelings  akin 
to  veneration. 

The  seeds  of  Methodism  were  planted  in  Peoria  county  in  the  year  1823,  when  Wil- 
liam Eads  and  his  family  joined  his  brother,  Abner  Eads,  and  other  early  settlers  at  Fort 
Clark.  Rev.  Mr.  Walker  labored  among  the  early  settlers  in  tlie  northern  part  of  Illinois 
as  a  missionary  of  the  Methodist  church.  The  Methodist  people  are  noted  the  world 
over  for  their  zeal  and  energy  in  the  prosecution  of  religious  work.  Wherever  mankind 
has  gone,  the  Methodists  have  gone  —  first,  as  missionaries  to  spy  out  the  land  ;  next  as 


468  niSTORY   OF  PEORIA    COUNTY 

circuit  ridei-s,  with  Ijible  and  hymn  hook,  and  an  energy,  industry,  perseverance  and 
faith  that  never  "j^ave  up,"  singing  their  songs  of  praise,  shouting  choruses  of  glory  to 
the  Great  Head  of  the  church,  and  bidding  defiance  to  the  arcli  enemy  and  tempter  of 
mankind,  they  not  only  followed  close  on  the  heels  of  the  pioneers  to  every  part  of  the 
"  Great  West,"  hut  have  gone  wherever  humanity  has  existed  that  it  was  possible  to 
reach  —  to  the  islands  of  the  sea. 

"  From  Greenland's  icy  mountains 
To  India's  coral  strand," 

wherever  the  Master's  work  was  to  be  done,  there  have  the  truths  of  this  branch  of  the 
Christian  church  l)een  carried.  And  so  came  Rev.  Mr.  Walker  to  the  "flowery  plains" 
around  Fort  Clark  at  tlie  date  mentioned. 

The  cabin  of  William  Eads  (it  is  thought)  was  improvised  as  a  meeting  house. 
There  were  probably  not  more  than  a  dozen  people  i>resent,  and  they  were  there  with- 
out regard  to  fashion  or  display.  Some  of  them  walked  from  their  own  cabins  to  the 
place  of  meeting,  some  rode  there  in  ox  wagons,  and  a  few,  perliaps,  on  horseback.  The 
preacher  occupied  a  place  behind  a  common  table  in  one  corner  of  the  room.  There  was 
neither  organ  nor  organized  choir  to  add  social  melody  to  the  occasion.  The  preacher 
gave  out  the  hymn  two  lines  at  a  time,  something  after  the  following  manner : 

Before  Jehovah's  awful  Throne, 
Ye  nations  bow  with  sacred  joy  ; 

then  raising  his  voice  the  preacher  led  in  singing.  When  these  two  lines  were  rendered, 
he  lined  the  next  two  : 

Know  that  the  Lord  is  God  alone, 
He  can  create  and   He  destroy; 

and  resuming  the  last  measure  of  the  tune,  completed  the  stanza,  and  so  on  to  the  end 
of  the  hymn. 

At  this  meeting  the  seeds  of  Methodism  were  planted  in  Peoria,  and  the  planting, 
carefully  ami  iiidustriutisly  cultivated,  has  ripened  into  the  fullness  of  a  plentiful  harvest. 

The  First  Mfthodist  Episcopal  Church. —  In  1824,  Rev.  Mr.  Walker  commenced  to 
organize  a  circuit,  which  embraced  all  the  white  settlements  north  of  the  Sangamon 
river.  In  that  year  he  organized  the  first  class  in  Peoria,  which  consisteil  of  tiie  following 
named  persons  :  William  Early  and  wife.  Rev.  Reeves  McCormick.  .lames  Walker  and 
wife,  Susanna  Walker  (wife  of  .Jesse  Walker),  Mr.  William  Eads  aiul  wife,  Mrs.  .\bner 
Eads,  William  Holland  and  wife,  Mrs.  Judge  Latham,  Mrs.  Joim  Dixon,  Mrs.  Hamlin, 
William  Blanchard  and  Mary  Clark. 

The  most  fruitful  source  of  conversions  to  the  faith,  even  in  that  early  day,  wivs  the 
camp  meeting.  The  first  one  held  in  the  vicinity  of  Peoria  was  in  the  Summer  of  lSi!(). 
The  ground  .selected  wius  aljout  one  mile  above  the  Court-house.  Tiie  second  was  held 
on  the  banks  of  Farm  creek,  opposite  Peoria.  One  of  the  distinguished  visitors  at  that 
meeting  was  the  CJovernor  of  the  State,  Ninian  Edwards.  Rev.  Jesse  Walker  was  suc- 
ceeded by  William  See,  tlie  first  class  leader  in  the  Chicago  circuit. 

In  the  year  1827,  Smith  L.  Robinson  preached  the  Word,  as  circuit  rider.  We  find 
the  name  of  no  otiicr  circuit  rider  until  18:50,  wlien  the  name  of  Rev.  S.  R.  Beggs  ap- 
pears, who  rcmaineil  one  year.  At  tliat  time  it  re(iuired  four  weeks  time 
and  three  liundred  miles  travel  to  make  the  rounds  of  tlie  circuit.  Mr. 
Reggs  was  succeeded  in  1831  by  Rev.  William  Crissay ;  in  1882  by  Rev. 
Zadoc  Hall,  who  is  still  living.  Rev.  Joel  Arlington  was  the  circuit  rider  in  1833.  In 
1834,  Rev.  Leander  S.  Walker.  In  1830,  Rev.  J.  W.  Dimahay.  W.  C.  Cumming  rode 
the  circuit  for  two  years  (now  living  in  Kansas),  '35,  '37.  In  1837,  Rev.  A.  E.  Plielps, 
then  quite  a  young  man,  was  ai)pointcd  to  the  work,  ntiriiig  his  time  a  spirited  religious 
controversy   sprang    uji    between    him    and    a    Unitarian    minister    mimed    Calhoun. 


HISTORY  OP  PEORIA  COUNTY.  469 

On  account  of  his  youth  the  Methodist  people  feared  the  result,  but  Mr.  Phelps  bravely 
and  successfully  maintained  his  ground  in  that  and  many  subsequent  contests  of  like 
character. 

In  1839  Rev.  S.  R.  Beggs  was  returned.  This  veteran  Methodist  preacher  is  still 
spared  from  the  hand  of  death,  and  is  now  living  at  Plainfield,  in  Will  county.  The 
history  of  the  Methodist  church  in  Peoria  really  commences  from  this  year.  Previous 
to  this  time  no  steps  had  been  taken  to  build  a  church  edifice.  In  1840  Asahel  Hale  and 
Mark  M.  Aiken  donated  a  lot  for  church  purposes.  Then  through  the  energy  of  Mr. 
Beggs,  the  minister,  and  the  good-will  of  the  people,  a  house  of  worship,  31x46  feet,  was 
erected.  The  cash  used  in  its  erection  amounted  to  $70  only.  An  invitation  was  ex- 
tended from  the  pulpit  to  all  who  were  willing  and  could  use  an  auger  or  a  chisel  to  be 
on  hand  the  following  Monday  morning  to  lend  a  helping  hand.  The  response  was  lib- 
eral. Nearly  all  the  timber  was  donated,  and  most  of  the  work  was  done  gratuitously. 
Between  1840  and  1847  the  growth  of  the  town  and  of  Methodism  was  so  great  that 
this  church  edifice  became  too  small  to  accommodate  the  pressure,  and  steps  were  taken 
to  build  a  larger  and  more  commodious  one,  which  resulted  in  the  present  First  Method- 
ist church  building.  It  was  completed  in  1849,  and  must  have  been  a  gigantic  undertaking 
for  that  day,  for  it  still  stands  one  of  the  largest  and  most  commodious  church  edifices  in 
the  cit}'.     The  original  cost  of  construction  was  about  $6,000. 

About  the  year  1841  Bishop  Waugh  visited  Peoria  and  preached  in  the  tlien  new 
church,  but  he  wrote  a  letter  to  the  New  York  Christian  Advocate  that  the  Methodists 
had  built  a  church  half  a  mile  out  of  town. 

To  return  to  Methodist  preachers :  From  1841  to  1843,  Rev.  N.  Cunningham  officiated. 
Then  came,  from  1843  to  1844,  Rev.  Chauncy  Hobart,  than  whom  there  never  was  a  more 
tireless,  energetic,  persevering  pioneer  Methodist  circuit  rider.  Hobart  was  one  of  twin 
brotliers,  both  of  whom  were  Methodist  preachers,  and  members  of  the  old  Rock  River  con- 
ference, and  commenced  preaching  about  1832,  '33.  Soon  after  the  Black  Hawk  purchase 
in  Iowa  was  opened  to  white  settlement,  Rev.  Chauncy  Hobart  was  sent  over  there  as  a 
missionary  laborer  among  the  settlers,  and  labored  from  one  end  of  the  Black  Hawk 
purchase  to  the  other.  He  planned  the  first  Methodist  circuits  of  the  eastern  portion  of 
Iowa,  and  remained  in  tliat  territory  until  about  1839  or  1840,  when  he  was  returned  to 
Illinois,  and  as  already  stated,  was  assigned  to  Peoria  in  1843  and  1844.  When  Minne- 
sota began  to  he  settled  and  called  for  preachers,  the  old  pioneer  was  transferred  to  that 
field,  where  he  still  remains,  and  is  a  resident  of  Red  Wing,  in  Goodhue  county,  in  that 
State.  A  part  of  the  time  during  the  War  of  the  rebellion  he  was  chaplain  to  a  Minne- 
sota regiment.  In  1878  he  was  chosen  chaplain  of  the  Minnesota  House  of  Rej^resenta- 
tives.  The  infirmities  of  old  age  incapacitated  liim  for  active  circuit  work,  and  he  is 
held  in  reserve  for  urgent  calls,  to  whicli  he  is  ever  ready  to  respond.  Although  his 
head  is  whitened  with  the  frosts  of  many  winters,  and  nearly  half  a  century  constant 
work  in  the  Methodist  harness,  his  heart  is  as  full  of  zeal  as  when  he  first  commenced  as 
a  missionary  laborer  in  the  Master's  vinej^ard. 

From  1844  to  1845,  Richard  Haney  was  pastor. 

For  two  years,  from  1845  to  1847,  Rev.  John  Chandler. 

In  1847  Freeborn  Haney  was  appointed  but  was  rejected,  and  F.  A.  McNeill  received 
the  appointment. 

From  1848  to  1849,  Rev.  N.  P.  Heath  was  in  charge. 

For  two  years,  from  1849  to  1851,  Rev.  S.  Boles  was  the  pastor. 

In  1851,  a  man  by  the  name  of  Parks  was  appointed,  but  for  some  reason  he  did  not 
remain  through  that  year. 

Rev.  C.  C.  Best  was  appointed  to  fill  out  Park's  unexpired  term.  He  remained  until 
1853. 


470  HISTORY  OF  PEORIA  COUNTY. 

Tlie  next  in  the  order  of  succession  was  J.  W.  Flowere,  who  took  charge  in  1853  and 
remained  until  1855. 

Caleb  Foster  preached  from  1855  to  1856. 

For  two  years,  from  1856  to  1858,  Rev.  W.  H.  Hunter  had  charge  of  the  church. 
Mr.  Hunter  has  grown  old  in  the  service.  He  is  tall,  erect,  and  very  commanding  in 
appearance,  and  is  a  power  in  the  churcii.     He  is  an  elder  and  resides  in  Peoria. 

From  1858  to  1860,  J.  C.  Rowley  served  as  pastor.  For  some  reason  not  noted  in  the 
minutes  from  which  our  information  is  drawn,  he  fell  under  a  cloud  and  has  been 
exDelled. 

From  1860  to  1862,  Rev.  S.  G.  J.  Worthington. 

Rev.  J.  S.  Cummings  was  next  in  order,  and  served  two  years,  until  1864. 

Tiien  came  Mr.  Richard  Henry  for  a  second  time  after  a  lapse  of  twenty  years.  He 
served  until  1865. 

Mr.  C.  C.  Knowlton  was  appointed  in  1865  and  reapjiointed  for  the  next  year.     Be 
fore  the  expiration  of  the  second  year,  however,  he  resigned. 

In  1867  Rev.  A.  Magee  was  appointed  who  continued  in  the  position  until  1869. 

At  the  Conference  in  1869  Rev.  J.  P.  Brooks  was  assigned  to  the  place  and  continued 
in  it  one  year. 

After  an  absence  of  eight  years  Rev.  J.  S.  Camming  was  returned  to  the  First 
Church  in  1870  and  continued  there  three  years,  the  longest  time  that  any  one  minister 
had,  up  to  that  time,  preached  to  that  church. 

In  Ixl'i  Rev.  E.  VVasmuth  was  assigned  to  this  church  and  continued  in  the  work 
there  for  two  years. 

The  next  was  Rev.  A.  R.  Morgan,  who  took  charge  in  1875,  and  continued  as  pastor 
three  years,  the  full  length  of  time  allowable  by  Metliodist  law. 

The  present  pastor  is  Rev.  Selah  W.  Brown,  who  was  firet  appointed  in  1878,  and  at 
the  last  meeting  of  the  Conference  in  1879,  was  sent  back  for  anotlier  vear. 

In  membership  the  churcli  has  increased  from  the  eight  wlio  entered  at  the  start  to 
250,  besides  the  numerous  other  churciies  in  the  city  and  vicinity,  whose  numbers  in 
former  years  were  wont  to  attend  services  at  the  First  church. 

A  Sunday  school  was  organized  in  connection  with  the  church  in  1835,  but  the 
movement,  for  some  reason,  had  about  died  out,  when,  November  22,  1837,  it  was  re- 
organized, witii  Daniel  Bristol  as  sui)erintendent.  Tiie  number  of  members  in  the 
Sabbath  school  in  1869  is  326  and  Mr.  Homer  C.  Lines  is  superintendent.  Miss  Jessie 
S.  Benton  is  secretary. 

Tlie  Revs.  Beggs,  Chauncy  Hobart  and  Zadoc  Hall  are,  perliaps,  tlie  only  ones  of 
the  old  time  Metliodist  preachers  at  Peoria,  whom  we  have  thus  far  named,  who  are  left. 
The  rest  have  gone 

"  Where  (he  saints  of  all  ages  in  harmony  meet 
Their  Savior  and  brethren  iransi>orlecl  to  greet  ; 
While  the  anihcms  of  rapture  unceo-singly  roll 
Anil  the  smile  of  the  I.oril  is  the  life  of  the  soul." 

The  Senond  Mtthodi»(  Church. — In  the  year  1856  Rev.  .M.  1..  llayney,  with  a  large 
following,  went  out  from  the  First  Metliodist  Elpiscopal  Church,  and  organized  a  sejianito 
church,  which  was  called  tlu^  Peoria  Mission.  Tliere  were,  abnut  llie  time  of  tlie  organi- 
zation, eighty-five  members  in  the  society.  The  first  house  of  worship  wius  a  small  frame 
strut'liirc  capable  of  ai'eonimodating  about  250  people.  It  was  biiiil  on  the  southwest 
corner  of  Monroe  and  Iviton  Streets.  Mr.  Hayney  was  a  man  full  of  zeal,  and  his  jtowers 
of  description  were  wonderful.  His  pictures  of  the  torments  of  tlie  damned  in  hell, 
will  still  be  remembered  by  some  Peoria  people  with  fear  and  trembling.  In  view  of  the 
demonstrative  charaeti^r  of  i\w  services  at  about  that  time  the  ehurch  was  called  b}' some 


HISTORY  OF  PEORIA  COUNTY.  471 

the  "  Howling  Methodists,"  a  name  which  clung  to  it  for  many  years  after  the  character- 
istic that  occasioned  it  had  ceased. 

When  iirst  organized  the  society  was  known  in  the  conference  as  the  Peoria  Mission. 
it  was  but  a  short  time,  liowever,  until  the  name  was  changed  to  the  "  Second  Gliarge." 
In  the  year  1862,  so  indifferent  for  some  time  previous  had  been  the  support  given  the 
minister,  that  this  church  was  put  into  a  circuit  with  other  weak  societies  in  the  vicinity, 
and  Rev.  A.  J.  Jones  was  the  circuit  rider. 

At  about  this  time  in  the  history  of  the  church  the  building  was  moved  from  Mon- 
roe to  Perry  Street,  at  the  then  head  of  Eaton  Street.  For  a  time  then  the  church  was 
known  as  the  Perry  Street  Cliurch. 

In  the  year  1869  the  church  building  was  again  removed.  For  a  time  it  was  located 
on  North  Jefferson  Street,  near  the  Fourth  district  school-house.  During  its  stay  there 
it  was  called  in  the  minutes  of  conference  the  "  North  Jefferson  Street  Church."  Its 
stay  on  Jefferson  Street  was  short,  however.  Within  four  years'  time  it  was  moved 
again  to  its  present  site,  northeast  corner  of  Madison  and  Morgan  Streets.  From  the 
above  brief  sketch  it  will  be  seen  that  the  Second  Church  has  fairly  earned  the  title  of 
"  The  Itinerant  Church."  It  is  now  known  as  the  Second  Methodist  Church.  A  brief 
glance  at  its  historj'  from  the  organization  down  to  the  present  time  shows  that  it  has 
retrograded.  True  it  is,  the  present  membership  is  about  the  same  as  at  the  organization, 
yet  so  greatly  has  the  interest  fallen  off,  that  it  would  be  hard  for  the  founders  to  step  in 
and  realize  that  the  seed  they  planted  years  before  had  brought  forth  sucli  indifferent 
fruit.  Every  thing  then  promised  the  upbuilding  of  a  splendid  church.  The  member- 
ship was  uncommonly  large,  the  enthusiasm  was  great,  and  for  some  time  the  building 
was  not  large  enough  to  hold  the  crowds  that  attended.  Now  there  is  always  room  for 
more  auditors.  About  the  time  of  the  removal  of  the  church  to  its  present  site  a  debt 
of  $1,000  was  contracted.  It  is  not  a  ver}^  large  sum,  but  it  has  hung  like  a  millstone 
about  the  neck  of  this  weak  and  struggling  society.  About  half  the  amount  has  been 
canceled,  but  the  remaining  'fSOO  is  a  serious  impediment  that  continued  to  interfere 
with  the  welfare  of  the  church  and  retard  its  progress. 

A  Sabbath  school  was  organized  soon  after  the  establishment  of  the  church.  Its 
success  has  varied  with  the  ups  and  downs  of  the  church.  In  1869  the  membership  was 
164.  Mr.  A.  S.  Proctor,  quite  an  active  Sunday  school  worker,  is  superintendent,  and 
Mrs.  J.  W.  Jenkins  is  assistant. 

From  the  time  the  church  was  organized  down  to  1869,  the  pastors  in  charge  of 
this  church  have  been  as  follows : 

First,  Rev.  Milton  L.  Hayney,  who  effected  the  organization  of  the  society.  As  we 
have  noted  before,  he  had  charge  in  1856  and  1857. 

In  1858,  R.  N.  Morse  was  the  pastor,  and  he  was  reappointed  and  served  during 
1859. 

The  next  year.  Rev.  N.  C.  Lewis  had  charge. 

In  1861,  Rev.  A.  W.  Stewart  was  the  pastor  in  charge. 

The  next  year,  1862,  it  was  thought  that  the  church  was  too  weak  to  support  a  min- 
ister unaided  and  alone,  so  it  was  put  in  a  circuit,  with  Rev.  A.  J.  Jones  as   circuit  rider. 

In  1864,  Rev.  Henry  Apple  was  appointed  pastor,  and  continued  during  that  year  to 
preach,  but  the  next  year  the  church  was  without  a  pastor. 

Mr.  P.  A.  Crist  was  appointed  and  preached  in  1866. 

During  the  year  1867,  Rev.  Henry  I.  Brown  was  the  pastor. 

The  next  year,  1868,  the  church  was  once  more  without  a  pastor.  No  appointment 
seems  to  have  been  made. 

Rev.  Henr}-  Apple  oiEciated  the  second  time,  during  the  year  1869.  While  in  his 
charge  the  church  building  was  removed  from  Perry  Street  to  North  Jefferson,  near  the 
Fourth  district  school.     Mr.  Apple,  who  is  jolly,  genial,  goodnatured  man,  still  lives 


472  HISTORY  OF  PEORIA  COUNTY. 

within  a  few  miles  of  Peoria,  on  a  faiin.  It  is  uot  with  him  a  matter  of  necessity  to 
preacli,  but  for  years  he  has  been  a  sort  of  missionary,  preacliing  to  congregations  almost 
too  feeble  to  think  of  employing  a  minister. 

In  1870,  Mr.  W.  B.  Frazell  was  the  pastor. 

In  1871  Mr.  I'.  A.  Crist  was,  for  the  second  time,  put  in  charge  of  the  church.  This 
year  the  North  .Icflerson  Street  and  the  Colesville  churches  were  constituted  a  circuit, 
over  whicii  Mr.  Crist  was  established  as  pastor. 

In  the  year  1872,  Mr.  H.  M.  Laney  was  appointed  to  the  pastoral  care  of  the  church, 
and  his  sujjport  was  to  come  from  it,  while  his  labors  were  undivided. 

The  next  two  years,  1873  and  1874,  Rev.  V.  A.  Cool  was  the  pastor.  The  church 
was  aljoul  that  time  removed  from  Jefferson  to  Madison  Street,  and  was  located  where  it 
now  is. 

For  the  years  1875  and  1876,  Rev.  G.  F.  Meredith  was  the  pastor.  He  is  a  young 
man,  but  is  a  talented  speaker,  and  did  much  to  sustain  the  flagging  destinies  of  this 
church.  During  his  ministry  there  was  a  good  attendance  at  the  Sunday  services,  and 
considerable  interest  was  manifested.  By  the  end  of  his  term  there  had  arisen  in  the 
church  some  differences  that  his  lunger  continuance  in  the  oflBce  of  pastor  might  have 
worked  to  the  disadvantage  of  the  church. 

In  the  year  1877,  Rev.  E.  B.  England  was  appointed.  He  served  one  year,  and  was 
re-appointed  for  another.  Being  a  man  far  above  the  mediocrity  in  ability,  he  succeeded 
well  in  his  ciiarge,  but  the  returns  were  inadequate  for  his  labor.  Near  the  close  of  liis 
second  year  Mr.  England  resigned  the  pastorate  of  the  Second  Methodist  Church,  to 
accept  a  call  to  preach  in  "  Christ  Church,"  Reformed  Episcopal,  in  Peoria. 

The  Conference,  at  its  session  in  1879,  appointed  Rev.  Frank  Cumming  as  pastor  for 
the  ensuing  year. 

Hale  Chapel.  —  Asahel  Hale  was  bom  December  1,  1791,  in  the  State  of  Vermont. 
In  the  year  1831  he  came  to  Peoria.  The  place  was  then  in  its  infancy.  Where  the  best 
part  of  the  city  now  stands  were  fields  of  Indian  corn.  Little  did  tlie  inhabitants  then 
dream  that  the  land  they  were  tilling  would  some  day  sell  for  more  per  square  foot  than 
it  tlieu  brought  per  acre.  Soon  after  coming  here  Mr.  Hale  bought  of  John  Hamlin 
eighty  acres  of  land  extending  over  the  brow  of  the  blufif  and  about  Main  Street.  He 
paid  five  dollars  per  acre,  whicli  was  then  thought  a  good  price.  In  the  year  1840  he 
became  a  member  of  the  Methodist  church.  Four  years  later  he  donated  the  lot  where 
the  First  Methodist  church  now  stands.  In  his  last  will  and  tcstanuMit  he  bequeathed  a 
lot  on  the  corner  of  Main  and  High  Streets  as  a  site  for  a  cliurcli.  He  also  beiiueathed 
$12,000  in  money  to  be  expended  in  tlie  construction  of  the  church.  Laura  Hale,  his 
widow,  and  Mr.  J.  L.  Knowlton,  were  named  as  executors  of  the  will,  and  William  (liles, 
Ira  E.  Benton  and  Columbus  Dunham,  were  named  as  trustees  of  the  fund  bequeathed 
to  the  church,  to  see  that  the  bciiuests  made  in  tiie  will  were  carried  out.  Many  of  the 
details  in  regard  to  the  l)uilding  were  provideil  for  by  the  will.  .June  22,  18(58,  the  cor- 
ner-stone was  laid.  January  14,  1869,  tlie  building  was  dedicated.  The  dedicatory 
sermon  was  preached  by  Rev.  Dr.  Hatfield,  of  Chicago. 

Much  of  the  labor  of  superintending  tlie  construction  of  tlie  building  devolved  upon 
Mr.  Ira  E.  Benton,  who  gave  much  of  his  time  to  the  matter  during  the  Suuuner  the 
building  was  Iteing  erected.  In  memory  of  the  testator  the  church  is  called  Hale  Ciiapel. 
The  site  is  the  most  (commanding  occupied  by  any  public  building  in  the  city.  From  its 
]>osilion  near  the  brow  of  tin;  blufl'  and  near  the  heart  of  the  city,  it  is  a  grand  central 
figure,  witii  its  comely  outlines,  its  towering  spire  surmounted  by  a  large  copper  ball 
gilded  and  glistening  in  the  sunliglit,  its  town  clock,  the  only  one  in  any  Methodist 
church  in  the  conference,  and  its  clear-toned  bell  ringing  (uit  the  merry  tidings,  "  Come 
to  Christ."     It  is  built  of  brick  and  is  forty  feet  front  by  seventy  feet  deep.     From  the 


HISTORY  OP  PEORIA  COUNTY.  473 

ground  to  the  top  of  the  spire  is  ninety-four  feet.     The  foundation  walls  are  four  feet 
in  thickness,  and  the  wliole  structure  is  built  in  a  most  substantial  manner. 

As  soon  as  the  building  was  completed  the  church  was  organized  with  ninety-eight 
members.     The  membership  in  1879  is  161. 

About  two  years  previous  to  the  building  of  the  church  a  Sabbath  school  was  or- 
ganized with  Mr.  D.  B.  Allen  as  superintendent  and  Mr.  Ira  E.  Benton  secretary  and 
treasurer.  The  first  few  meetings  were  held  in  the  building  on  the  corner  of  Elizabeth 
and  Main  Streets.  Later  the  school  was  removed  to  the  plow  shop  on  Elizabeth  Street 
south  of  Main.  Upon  the  completion  of  the  church,  the  school,  with  a  membership  of 
about  125,  was  transferred  there.  In  1879  the  membership  numbers  175.  Mr.  Benja- 
min Wookey  is  the  superintendent. 

The  first  pastor  was  Rev.  W.  A.  Spencer,  who  was  appointed  in  1869,  and  at  the 
conference  in  1870  was  re-appointed  for  another  year. 

Rev.  W.  C.  Knapp  was  next  sent  to  Hale  Chapel  in  1871,  and  was  sent  back  in  1872 
and  again  in  1873. 

The  next  pastor  was  Rev.  C.  C.  Knowlton,  who  served  until  his  successor  was  ap- 
pointed. 

Rev.  C.  W.  Ayling  was  appointed  pastor  in  1876,  and  again  in  1877. 

In  1878  Rev.  R.  G.  Pearce  received  the  appointment  and  served  until  his  successor, 
Rev.  Mr.  McPheters,  the  present  incumbent,  was  appointed. 

G-erman  M.  E.  Church. — This  church  was  organized  in  September,  1851,  by  Rev.  H. 
F.  Koenike,  with  as  small  a  number  of  members  as  sixteen,  but  the  membership  increased 
so  rapidly  within  the  next  three  years  that  it  was  found  necessary  to  build  a  church.  It 
was  located  on  the  corner  of  Monson  and  Fifth  Streets  ;  was  built  while  the  Rev.  F. 
Tigenbaum  was  pastor,  and  was  dedicated  in  1854  ;  the  dedication  sermon  being  preached 
by  Rev.  G.  L.  Mulfinger.  The  first  ofScers  of  the  society  were  D.  Bristol,  P.  C.  Shelly, 
J.  Buehner,  M.  Oechsle,  and  William  Vennemann.  In  1852  the  Sabbath  school  was 
organized  with  fifteen  scholars,  and  as  a  result  of  the  faithful  and  earnest  labor  bestowed 
upon  it,  shared  the  prosperity  of  the  church.  About  twelve  years  later,  in  order  to  meet 
the  growing  wants  of  the  congregation,  it  became  necessary  to  build  a  new  and  larger 
church,  and  accordingly  they  erected  their  present  edifice  on  the  corner  of  Adams  and 
Chestnut  Streets,  and  at  the  same  time  bought  a  parsonage,  costing  together  about  JllO,- 
000.  Tlie  new  church  was  dedicated  in  1867,  the  Rev.  William  Nash,  D.D.,  editor  of 
the  German  Christliche  Apologete,  of  Cincinnati,  O.,  preaching  the  dedication  sermon. 
Since  then  the  membership  has  steadily  increased,  and  the  list  number  now  is  125.  The 
ministers  who  have  preached  from  the  beginning  of  this  church  till  now,  are  the  follow- 
ing :  Rev.  H.  F.  Koenicke,  F.  Fiegenbaum,  J.  M.  Winkler,  R.  Fickensher,  J.  Yung,  C. 
Hull,  H.  F.  Kcenicke,  J.  Haas,  A.  Korfhage,  Charles  Schneider,  Charles  Holtkamp, 
William  Zuppan,  H.  Thomas,  H.  Lahrmann,  J.  Franz,  G.  Timken,  and  the  present 
pastor.  Rev.  M.  Roeder,  who  came  to  it  in  Septerber,  1 879.  In  addition  to  the  pastor  the 
officers  of  the  church  are,  J.  Buehner,  and  A.  Voshage,  local  preachers ;  William  Venne- 
mann, J.  Oechsle,  and  H.  B.  Wiechmann,  class-leaders ;  Charles  Schneider,  H.  J.  Ehlen, 
H.  Albrecht,  C.  Westmeier,  J.  Oechsle,  William  Paul,  and  A.  Lapp,  trustees  and 
stewards.  The  church  property  is  valued  at  about  $12,500,  and  the  annual  contributions 
for  religious  and  other  purposes  about  $1,050. 

The  society  has  within  the  last  few  years  grown  so  strong  that  the  project  of  estab- 
lishing a  mission  in  some  district  of  the  city,  yet  to  be  fixed  upon,  has  now  taken  definite 
shape  and  donations  to  the  amount  of  $700  have  been  received  towards  that  end.  A 
young  minister.  Rev.  A.  Lemkan,  has  acted  as  assistant  to  the  pastor,  doing  earnest 
work  and  preparing  the  way  for  the  proposed  mission. 

The    Sunday  school  is  in  a  flourishing  condition  and  has  an  attendance  of   150 
children.     Mr.  C.  Westmeier  is  the  superintendent. 
31 


474  HISTORY  OP  PEORIA  COUNTY. 

t 

African  M.  E.  Church. —  This  church  was  organized  in  1846,  by  Rev.  Philip  Ward, 
of  Bloomington,  111.,  with  ten  members,  comprising  the  following  names:  G.  Hill,  Julia 
Mason,  Ellen  Neal,  Marj*  Winslow,  Hannah  Gilbert,  Julia  Wright,  Anna  Titus,  Mrs. 
Brown  and  William  Grey,  who  was  a  local  preacher,  class-leader  and  steward.  For  some 
time  meetings  were  held  from  house  to  house,  but  the  congregation  increasing  rajiidly,  it 
became  necessary  to  secure  a  place  in  which  all  could  assemble,  so  in  the  same  year  they 
rented  for  this  purpose,  the  old  school-house  on  Walnut  Street,  but  they  soon  had  to 
move  from  there,  and  in  1848  they  met  in  what  was  then  known  as  the  Hinmon  School- 
house,  on  Monson  Street  near  Fifth  ;  and  wliich  is  now  used  as  a  residence.  In  1850 
the  little  Zion  was  again  deprived  of  its  meeting  place,  and  the  members  were  forced  to 
return  to  their  primitive  meetings  in  each  other's  houses,  under  the  leadership  of  Rev. 
Mr.  Brooks,  who  had  succeeded  the  pastor  under  whom  they  had  organized.  This  was 
then  a  preaching  point  on  the  Bloomington,  Peoria,  and  Galesburg  Circuit,  and  William 
Grey  was  the  only  class-leader  and  steward.  In  1853,  Rev.  Wm.  J.  Davis  was  appointed 
to  this  charge,  and  during  his  administration  the  society  bought  a  little  frame  church  on 
Chestnut  Street,  which  they  occupied  until  1866.  Mr.  Davis  was  very  popular  with  all 
classes,  and  his  ministrations  were  attended  with  great  success.  In  1856  the  church  was 
under  the  supervision  of  Rev.  A.  T.  Hall,  and  during  his  stay  it  was  visited  with  a  great 
revival,  and  many  were  brought  to  the  knowledge  of  Christ,  among  whom  were  Thos. 
A.  Cheek,  now  a  minister  of  the  Gospel,  and  pastor  of  the  African  M.  E.  Church  in 
Mount  Pleasant,  Iowa.  In  1857,  Rev.  J.  Mitchem  was  pa-stor,  and  in  the  following  year 
Rev.  Wm.  J.  Dove  ;  Mr.  Mitchem  was  re-appointed  to  the  charge  in  1859  and  1860. 
During  1866  and  while  Rev.  Mr.  Myers  was  pastor,  the  society  bought  the  German 
Methodist  Church  building,  corner  of  Fifth  and  Monson  Streets,  which  they  still  con- 
tinue to  occupy,  and  the  church  received  much  help  from  their  white  brethren,  until 
they  had  i)aid  up  the  contract  price  of  82,600. 

The  following  gentlemen  have  been  pastors  of  the  church  since  the  acquisition  of 
their  church  building :  Revs.  A.  T.  Hall,  Nathan  Mitchem,  J.  Perkins,  James  Semis,  J. 
M.  Derrick,  H.  Brown,  M.  M.  Beckley,  and  their  present  pastor,  Rev.  Geo.  H.  Hann, 
who  took  charge  in  September,  1878,  and  who  is  much  beloved.  The  church  has  now 
forty-nine  membere,  is  self-supporting,  absolutely  free  from  debt,  and  in  a  generally 
pro8j)erous  condition.  Services  are  held  twice  every  Sunday  with  an  average  attendance 
of  200.  Their  property  is  valued  at  about  #15,000,  and  the  members  contributed  last 
year  for  religious  and  other  purposes  $:?50.  Mr.  Daniel  Rayner  is  supt.  of  the  Sun- 
day school,  and  Mrs.  Hann,  asst.  supt.,  about  forty-five  children  attend  it. 

The  Reorganized  Church  of  Jesus  Christ  of  Latter  Day  Saint*  ha-s  a  small  following 
in  the  city.  Traveling  Elder  Hiram  C.  Bronson  in  June,  187:5,  j>rcached  a  sermon  to  the 
few  scattered  adherents  of  this  church  in  Peoria,  who  shortly  afterwards  organized  a  con- 
gregation with  nine  original  members.  They  adhere  to  the  doctrines  of  the  original 
Mormon  Church  as  interpreted  by  Josepli  Smith,  and  hate  polygamy  and  other  innova- 
tions of  the  Mormon  Church  in  Utah  with  a  bitter  hatred.  Tiie  officers  of  the  church  at 
present  are  John  A.  Robinson,  elder ;  J.  B.  Farr,  priest,  and  R.  R.  Gaither,  deacon. 
They  rent  for  church  purposes  a  building  on  the  corner  of  Elm  and  South  JefTer.son 
Streets,  where  they  hold  service  on  SMn(Iay.  and  wiiere  their  Sunday  school  meets.  The 
present  membership  of  the  church  is  twenty-nine,  and  the  average  attendance  at  Sunday 
school,  fifteen.  Since  organization  thirty-one  adults  liave  been  received  into  the  churcli 
by  baptism. 

The  First  Prethi/lerian  Church.  —  The  society  now  known  an  "The  First  Presby- 
terian Church  of  Peoria,"  was  organized  Ity  a  committee  of  the  synod  of  Illinois,  October 
31,  1840.  Prior  to  this,  however,  Presbyterianism  had  a  cor]>orale  existence  here.  So 
early  as  Decemlier  22,  1h:!4.  a  religions  society  wa.s  organized  under  the  title  —  "The 
First  Presbyterian  Church  of  Peoria."     Soon  after  this  came   the  great  debates  in  the 


HISTORY  OF  PEORIA  COUNTY.  475 

denomination,  issuing  in  the  division  into  the  "  Old  School  "  and  "  New  School "  bodies. 
Owing  to  this  general  cause,  and  also  to  others  of  a  different  and  local  character,  the  his- 
tory of  Presbyterianism  in  Peoria,  between  the  years  1834  and  1840,  was  a  rather  check- 
ered one  —  there  being,  during  that  period,  several  organizations  known  as  Presbyterian. 
Those  who  are  interested  in  this  part  of  tlie  history,  will  find  the  facts  in  an  excellent 
paper  entitled  "  The  History  of  the  First  Presbyterian  Church  of  Peoria,  Illinois,"  writ- 
ten by  the  late  Hugh  W.  Reynolds,  Esq.,  and  pulished  in  the  Presbyterian  Historical 
Almanac  for  1864. 

At  the  date  above  mentioned,  October  .31,  1840,  the  organization  now  known  as 
"  The  First  Presbyterian  Church  of  Peoria,"  though  at  the  first  named,  "  The  Presby- 
terian Cluirch  of  Peoria,"  had  twenty-four  communicant  members.  The  officers  were  : 
Ruling  elders,  Clark  D.  Powell,  .Joseph  Batchelder  and  Henry  Schnebly ;  deacon,  Wil- 
liam Weis ;  trustees,  Robert  Campbell,  William  Weis,  James  H.  Work,  Samuel  Smith, 
John  A.  McCoy,  James  Kirkpatrick,  Samuel  Shepler  and  George  Bernheisel.  The  Rev. 
Isaac  Kellar  was  chosen  as  stated  supply  by  the  new  organization,  and  ministered  to  the 
people  continually  till  October  1,  1847.  On  the  16th  of  April,  1848,  the  Rev.  Addison 
Coffey,  of  Coshocton,  Ohio,  commenced  preaching  to  the  congregation  as  stated  supply, 
and  was  instituted  pastor  on  the  26t]i  of  October  following.  Mr.  Coffey  continued  pas- 
tor until  his  death,  April  6,  1855.  The  next  pastor  was  Rev.  Robert  Johnston,  of  Get- 
tysburg, Penus3'lvania,  who  was  installed  on  the  third  Sabbath  of  November,  1856.  Mr. 
Johnston  remained  pastor  until  his  death,  August  19,  1864.  The  next  pastor  was  Rev. 
J.  H.  Morrow,  of  Rockport.  New  York,  who  held  the  position  from  April,  1865,  until  his 
resignation,  August  31,  1870.  The  Rev.  Jonathan  Edwards,  D.D.,  of  Baltimore,  was  in- 
stalled pastor  September  27,  1871.  His  pastorate  terminated  by  resignation,  September 
23,  1877.     The  Rev.  Jesse  C.  Bruce,  the  present  pastor,  was  installed  January  0,  1879. 

The  building  occupied  by  this  congregatiou  as  a  place  of  worship,  was  located  on  a 
part  of  lot  No.  1,  block  No.  1,  on  the  southwest  side  of  Fulton  Street,  between  Adams 
and  Jefferson  Streets.  It  was  a  brick,  and  was  erected  in  1842,  at  a  cost  of  $3,500,  and 
was  fort}'  feet  wide  by  fifty  feet  long,  with  a  gallery  where  the  choir,  and  a  portion  of 
the  congregation,  might  be  comfortably  seated.  For  that  early  day,  it  was  not  only  a 
comfortable,  but  also  a  very  respectable  edifice.  In  the  year  1851.  the  society  erected  a 
new  building,  on  the  northwest  corner  of  Main  and  Madison  Streets,  at  a  cost  of  about 
$10,000.  Some  years  afterward  the  building  was  remodeled  and  enlarged  at  a  cost  of 
$18,000.  It  is  of  brick,  two  stories  high,  with  a  belfry.  This  church  reported  to  the 
Presbytery  of  Peoria,  last  March,  an  active  membership  of  255.  The  present  officers 
are  :  Pastor,  Rev.  Jesse  C.  Bruce  ;  ruling  elders,  William  Weis,  J.  K.  Cooper,  Charles 
Fisher.  N.  B.  Love,  J.  C.  Kingsbur}-,  David  McKinney,  S.  O.  Loughridge ;  clerk  of  ses- 
sion, William  Weis;  treas.  of  session,  David  McKinney;  trustees,  Joseph  Elder,  R.  A. 
Cutter,  Henry  P.  Ayres,  Roswell  Bliss,  Levi  B.  Gibson,  Wm.  C.  Henry,  P.  C.  Wheeler, 
Jacob  Hepperly  and  J.  Eugene  Fisher ;  treas.  of  Board  of  Trustees,  J.  Eugene  Fisher. 
The  Sabbath  school  connected  with  this  church  was  organized  in  1842,  and  its  officers  at 
present  are :  Supt.,  David  McKinney;  asst.  snpt..  Dr.  E.J.  Greene;  secy,  and  treas., 
T.Dick  Arthur;  librarian.  Miss  J.  S.  McKinney;  asst.  librarians,  Harlie  Kingsbury 
and  Eddie  Bartlett.  The  membersliip  of  the  school  is  270.  It  is  in  excellent  condition, 
and  doing  a  noble  work.  This  congregation  gave  last  year  for  religious  and  benevolent 
purposes,  the  sum  of  $4,908.07. 

From  a  membership  of  twenty-four  at  its  organization,  this  church  has  had  a  steady 
and  healthy  growth,  and  is  entitled  to  be  called  a  "  Mother  of  Churches."  The  Second 
Presbyterian  Church,  now  a  large  and  influential  congregation,  was  formed  from 
the  First,  twenty-eight  members  having  been  dismissed  by  her  for  that  purpose, 
in  December,  1853.  She  also  contributed  largely  to  the  membership  of  other  churches 
—  notably  to  Grace  Presbyterian  Church,  in  North   Peoria.     The  total  of  the  member- 


476  HISTORY  OF  PEORIA  COUNTY. 

ship  of  the  First  Church,  from  its  origin,  is  850.  Some  noted  revival  sea.sons  have  been 
experienced  by  this  church.  During  the  pastorate  of  Mr.  Morrow,  uj)\vards  of  one  hun- 
dred members  were  received,  during  one  season,  upon  profession  of  their  faith  ;  and 
again,  during  the  pastorate  of  Dr.  Edwards,  when  upwards  of  forty  more  were  received. 

The  Second  Presbyterian  Church. — After  the  recovery  of  Mr.  Coffey,  pastor  of  the 
First  Presbyterian  Church,  Mr.  J.  P.  Farris,  who  came  to  supply  the  pulpit  at  that 
church,  was  invited  to  remain  and  direct  his  efforts  towards  the  formation  of  another 
church.  This  occurred  in  1858.  Wednesday  evening,  December  7th,  of  that  year,  a 
meeting  of  the  presbytery  was  held  in  the  lecture  room  of  the  First  Presbyterian  church, 
pursuant  to  a  regular  call.  The  sermon  on  the  occasion  was  delivered  In*  Rev.  W.  T. 
Adams,  of  Washington.  At  the  conclusion  of  the  sermon.  Rev.  W.  P.  Corson,  modera- 
tor on  the  occasion,  took  the  chair,  and  the  following  petition  was  presented  by  Mr.  J.  C. 
Grier : 

"  Presbytery  of  Peoria :  The  undersigned,  desirous  to  have  the  privilege  of 
Divine  Worship  more  extended,  respectfully  petition  your  venerable  bod}'  to  organize  in 
the  city  of  Peoria,  a  Second  Presbyterian  Church." 

This  petition  was  signed  by  twenty-eight  as  members  of  the  church  and  by  twenty- 
four  as  members  of  the  congregation.  It  was  ordered  that  the  church  be  formed  in  ac- 
cordance with  the  prayer. 

Tlie  session  of  the  church  was  constituted  by  the  election  of  John  L.  Griswold  and 
J.  C.  Grier,  ruling  elders.  The  first  and  only  deacons  elected  were  William  Stettenius 
and  George  Porter.  Both  of  these  parties  have  long  since  left  the  city  and  transferred 
their  membership,  so  that  the  deaconate  is  and  has  long  been  vacant. 

The  first  trustees  were  John  L.  Griswold,  N.  B.  Curtiss,  N.  I.  Rugg,  W.  A.  Herron, 
R.  A.  Smith.  William  F.  Bryan,  J.  C.  Grier,  A.  G.  Curtenius.  and  John  A.  McCoy. 

For  a  time  after  the  organization,  services  were  lield  in  Haskell's  Hall,  a  room  on 
the  southwest  corner  of  Main  and  Madison  Streets.  In  the  year  1854,  the  lot  on  the 
corner  of  Madison  and  Jackson  Streets  was  purciiased  and  the  contract  let  for  the  main 
building  of  the  present  church.  It  was  completed  in  June,  1855,  with  the  exception  of 
the  tower  and  spire.  The  first  sermon  was  preached  in  tlie  new  building  by  the  pastor, 
Sunday,  July  1st.  and  the  dedication  sermon  the  Sunday  following.  October  25,  1858, 
Dr.  Farris  resigned  tlie  pastorate  on  account  of  failing  healtli.  From  that  time  until 
June  8,  1859,  there  was  no  regular  pastor,  l)Ut  at  tlie  date  last  iiameii  Uev.  Samuel  Hib- 
ben  was  elected.  He  was  duly  installed,  and  continued  in  charge  until  impaired  healtli 
compelled  him  to  resign  and  seek  rest  from  his  labors.  His  resignation  was  received  the 
6th  and  accepted  the  8th  of  February,  1862.  He  entered  the  hli  Illinois  Cavalry  regi- 
ment as  cliajilain.  In  change  of  habits  and  scenery  he  hoped  to  regain  his  lost  vigor,  but 
disease  laid  liini  low,  and  he  was  returned  to  his  friends  and  home  in  this  city  to  end  his 
days.     He  died  June  10.  18(52.  in  the  twenty-ninth  year  of  his  age. 

For  more  than  a  year  from  the  time  of  the  resignatii)n  of  Mr.  Hibben,  the  church 
remained  without  a  pastor.  The  pulpit  was  supplied  by  different  d' vines  until  October 
14,  18tiS.  when  Dr.  \V.  K.  McLaren  was  elected  to  the  jiastorate.  His  installation  took 
place  May  8.  lHtJ4.  and  he  continued  to  preach  until  April.  ISli",  although  he  had  re- 
signed and  his  resignation  had  been  accepted  in  October,  18t!6.  Dr.  McLaren  has  since 
joined  the  Episcopalian  church,  and  has  been  elected  a  bishop. 

The  next  pastor  of  the  Second  Church  was  Rev.  H.  V.  D.  Nevins,  who  was  first 
engaged  as  stated  supply  June  10,  1867.  In  October  of  the  same  year  he  was  elected 
pastor.  His  labors  extended  over  a  period  of  five  years,  at  the  end  of  wiiich  time  he 
resigned. 

Rev.  W.  L.  Green  commenced  his  services  as  stated  supply  February  16,  1873.  The 
'28th  day  of  January  following  he  wius  elected  pastor,  but  was  not  installed  until  October 
25,  1874.     His  resignation  was  tendered  and  accepted  in  February,  1875. 


HISTORY  OF  PEORIA  COUNTY.  477 

In  1872,  an  organ  was  put  into  the  church  at  an  expense  of  $1,808,  and  during  the 
Summer  of  1874,  a  lecture  room  was  added  to  the  church,  the  spire  and  tower  were  put 
up,  and  other  improvements  were  made  at  a  cost  of  upwards  of  $7,000. 

Rev.  Lewis  O.  Thompson,  the  present  pastor,  was  called  January  5,  1876,  and  was 
duly  installed  Thursday,  May  4,  1876. 

The  Sabbath  school  connected  with  the  church  was  organized  January  1, 1854,  with 
ten  teachers  and  thirty-one  scholars  in  attendance.  The  first  ofBcers  were :  John  L. 
Griswold,  superintendent ;  John  A.  McCoy,  assistant ;  David  W.  Heron,  secretary  and 
treasurer;  and  R.  J.  Swancoat,  librarian. 

The  present  membership  of  the  church  is  180.  The  elders  in  1879  were  J.  C.  Grier, 
John  A.  McCoy,  D.  McCulloch  and  A.  H.  Rugg.  The  Board  of  Trustees  for  the  same 
year  were:  J.  D.  McClure,  chairman,  J.  M.  Rice,  R.  C.  Grier,  J.  A.  Chalmers,  E.  C.  Ely, 
D.  L.  Bigham. 

The  Sunday  school  included  2'15  members,  with  Mr.  A.  H.  Rugg  as  superintendent, 
and  Mr.  L.  S.  Winn  as  assistant,  in  1879. 

In  connection  with  the  Sabbath  school,  the  ladies  of  the  church  have  organized  an 
Industrial  school.  It  was  commenced  in  1870  and  formally  organized  in  1871.  It  has 
for  its  objects  the  supplying  of  clothing  to  the  destitute  children  connected  with  the 
Sabbath  school  and  the  teaching  of  the  children  to  make  their  own  garments.  A  good 
work  has  been  accomplished  by  this  school. 

In  January  of  1876  a  Mission  Band  was  organized  from  the  scholars  of  the  Sabbath 
school.  Its  meetings  are  held  monthly  and  its  object  is  to  learn  by  investigation  the 
needs  of  the  missionary  world,  to  educate  the  children  to  take  an  interest  in  sending  the 
gospel  to  the  heathen,  and  by  contributions  to  help  the  missionary  work.  The  officers  at 
its  organization  were  Mrs.  R.  C.  Grier,  president ;  Miss  Maria  L.  Thrush,  Miss  Jessie  L. 
Perry,  Edward  D.  McCulloch  and  James  Miles,  vice  presidents ;  Miss  Annie  Walker, 
secretary  ;  Norman  Smith,  corresponding  secretary,  and  J.  G.  Hibben,  treasurer. 

Grrace  Presbyterian  Church. —  Grace  Presbyterian  Church  is  the  outgrowth  of  a  Sun- 
day school  organized  March  1,  1862,  in  a  railroad  car,  on  Water  Street,  near  the  foot  of 
Clay.  Mr.  D.  W.  McWilliams,  then  a  resident  of  Peoria  and  a  prominent  railroad  man 
as  well  as  a  Sunday-school  worker,  was  elected  superintendent.  At  first  there  were 
about  20  scholars,  but  the  number  increased  in  a  few  Sundays  so  that  two  cars  were  re- 
quired. At  the  end  of  two  months,  by  the  aid  of  the  Young  Men's  Christian  Associa- 
tion, a  building  was  erected  on  the  corner  of  Green  and  Clay  Streets.  It  was  a  one-story 
frame  structure.  28x40  feet,  and  cost  $800. 

Two  years  later  Mr.  H.  G.  Marquand,  of  New  York,  donated  $300  for  the  purpose 
of  building  an  addition  to  be  used  as  an  infant  class  room.  In  1866  the  main  building 
was  extended  and  a  room  was  built  for  the  bible  class,  the  whole  improvement  costing 
about  $1,200.  At  this  time  the  membership  of  the  school  was  400  pupils  and  28 
teachers. 

December  1,  1866,  Mr.  McWilliams  removed  to  New  York  city,  and  Mr.  G.  H.  Mc- 
Ilvaine  was  elected  superintendent.  Up  to  this  date  nothing  but  Sunday-school  work 
had  been  attempted.  The  organization  was  known  as  the  Fourth  ward  Mission  Sunday 
school.  It  was  in  fact  a  mission  sciiool,  for  the  teachers  were  from  the  various  Christian 
churches  in  the  city.  In  1863  evening  services  were  commenced  in  the  Sunday-school 
room,  conducted  by  the  teachers  and  officers  of  the  school.  In  the  same  year  Rev.  Mr. 
Doane  accepted  a  call  to  preach  in  the  embryo  church.  He  had  officiated  but  a  short 
time  when  he  was  chosen  chaplain  of  the  47th  regiment,  and  left  for  the  war.  He  after- 
wards died  in  hospital.  The  next  five  years'  services  were  conducted  by  the  officers  and 
teachers.  May  1,  1868,  the  church  was  duly  organized.  There  were  about  twenty 
members  who  joined  ^.t  the  time  of  organization.     Messrs.  G.  H.  Mcllvaine  and  Theodore 


478  HISTORY  OF  PEORIA  COUNTY. 

Higbie  were  elected  elders.  Rev.  George  N.  Johnston,  of  Knoxville,  was  called  to 
preach,  but  after  a  stay  of  three  months  declined  the  call. 

In  1870  Rev.  L.  C.  Littell  preached  to  the  church  for  three  months,  but  for  some 
reason  at  the  end  of  that  time  severed  his  connection  with  the  church. 

The  next  pastor  was  Rev.  W.  D.  Thomas,  who  first  took  charge  as  stated  supply  for 
six  months.  In  1873  he  was  formally  elected  pastor.  He  was  never  installed  nor  or- 
dained, and  finally  resigned  in  February,  1874.  An  avowed  discrepancy  between  the 
doctrines  held  by  him  and  the  tenets  held  by  the  Presbyterian  Church  had  something  to 
do  with  the  failure  to  ordain  this  gentleman,  and  consequently  with  his  resignation. 

In  the  years  1873  and  1874  the  present  church  building,  corner  of  Wayne  and  Mad- 
ison Streets,  was  constructed.  To  this  end  Mr.  Mc Williams  donated  $3,000;  Mr.  Mcll- 
vaine  donated  the  lot.  The  building  is  a  very  neat  and  commodious  structure,  built  of 
wood.  Besides  the  auditorium,  there  is  a  large  Sunday-school  room  in  the  rear.  The 
Sunday-school  room  is  part  of  the  old  Clay  Street  church.  There  is  an  organ  in  the  au- 
ditorium, and  a  good  portion  of  the  seats  are  raised.  The  cost  of  this  improvement  was 
about  $10,000.  After  the  society  commenced  worship  in  the  new  house,  as  it  was  no 
longer  in  the  Fourth  ward,  it  was  decided  to  change  the  name  to  Grace  Mission  Church. 

In  the  year  1875,  Rev.  W.  W.  Faris  accepted  a  call  to  preach,  and  continued  pastor 
of  the  church  for  two  years,  when  he  resigned  to  accept  a  call  to  go  to  Clinton,  Illinois. 

October  1, 1877,  Rev.  H.  S.  Beavis,  the  present  incumbent,  was  called.  Soon  after  his 
coming,  as  it  was  thought  inappropriate  to  call  a  church  that  was  self-sustaining  a  "  Mis- 
sion," that  portion  of  the  name  was  dropped,  and  the  church  is  now  called  "  Grace  Pres- 
byterian." There  are  at  the  present  writing  one  hundred  and  fifty  members  in  the 
church.  Messrs.  T.  Higbie,  George  M.  Bush,  J.  C.  Lindsay,  C.  C.  Lines  and  G.  H.  Mc- 
Ilvaine  are  the  elders. 

In  the  struggles  of  Grace  church,  from  its  humble  beginning  in  a  railroad  car  to  the 
present,  its  faithful  friends  and  constant  supporters  have  been  the  present  elders.  Of 
these,  Mr.  Mcllvaine  being  most  gifted  in  speecii,  often  preached  during  the  early  days 
when  tlie  church  was  without  a  pastor.  So  successful  were  his  efforts  in  tiiis  direction, 
that  many  preferred  to  have  him  ratlier  than  to  employ  a  regular  minister.  The  support 
of  these  men  has  not  consisted  in  words  alone.  It  has  taken  a  more  substantial  form,  as 
the  result  will  indicate. 

Calvary  Mimiion  Church  (^Preshyteriaii). —  At  a  meeting  of  the  Board  of  Trustees 
of  the  Second  Presbyterian  Church,  in  the  yejir  1861,  the  matter  of  organizing  a  Mission 
Sabliath  school  was  discussed,  and  Wm.  Reynolds  the  present  superintendent,  and  T. 
G.  McCulloch,  now  living  at  Kankakee,  111.,  agreed  that  tiiey  would  endeavor  to  secure 
some  suitable  room,  in  which  to  organize  a  school.  They  secured  a  room  in  the  second 
story  of  a  building  on  Washington  Street,  between  Walnut  and  Bridge  Streets,  and  gave 
notice  in  the  public  schools  and  through  the  papers,  that  a  Sunday  school  would  be 
organized  there,  the  next  Sabbath.  When  that  day  came,  the  two  gentlemen  who  had 
the  matter  in  charge,  repaired  to  the  room  with  the  expectation  of  seeing  it  crowded  with 
childrt'ii,  but  judge  of  their  astonishment  and  disappointment,  wlu-n  they  entered  the 
hall,  and  found  but  seven  children,  and  twelve  teacliei-s.  To  this  liumble  beginning  the 
Calvary  Mission  Church  of  to-day,  owes  its  origin.  IJndiscouraged  by  the  evident  lack 
of  niterest  in  their  undertaking,  the  two  gentlemen  redoubled  their  effort^j  to  make 
known  the  existence  of  tlie  school,  and  were  rewarded  by  seeing  thirty-six  children  in 
the  hall  on  the  next  Sabbath.  The  attendance  continued  to  increase  iintil  the  Spring  of 
1864,  wlien  Mr.  Reynolds  assumed  the  entire  charge  of  tlie  school,  and  its  place  of  meet- 
ing was  changed  to  lU-rgan  Hall,  where  they  remained  for  two  years.  It  was  then  deter- 
mined to  erect  a  building  for  the  school,  securini;  a  lot  on  the  same  l)lo<'k,  but  on  Walnut 
Street,  instead  of  Wasliington,  and  the  superintendent  of  the  school  and  Mr.  John  Wil- 
son, together  united   in  erecting  a  building,  40x70,  with   an  additional  room,  25x35,  for 


HISTORY   OF  PEORIA  COUNTY.  479 

an  infant  class,  the  whole  at  a  cost  of  $6,000.  Through  the  kindness  of  Mr.  Chas.  Bal- 
lance,  a  lease  of  the  ground  was  given  free  of  expense,  for  ten  years.  The  house  was 
soon  filled  with  scholars,  the  number  steadily  increasing,  until  in  1875  during  the  Winter 
months,  the  school  numbered  nearly  500  scholars,  twenty-seven  teachers,  and  a  most 
faithful  secretary',  William  Semelroth.  The  Sunday  school  being  thus  prosperous,  the 
suijerintendent  was  moved,  to  hold  lay  services  in  the  building  every  Sabbath  evening, 
and  during  the  week.  God  blessed  these  labors,  and  it  soon  became  apparent  that  a 
church  must  be  organized  in  connection  with  the  school.  Accordingly  the  superintend- 
ent of  the  school  had  begun  to  look  about  for  one,  who  should  become  pastor  of  the 
church  when  organized ;  and  through  friends,  he  became  acquainted  with  the  present 
pastor,  the  Rev.  John  Weston,  then  in  Chicago,  just  about  completing  his  studies,  in  the 
"  Theological  Seminary  of  the  Northwest."  This  was  in  1867  and  in  April  of  that  year 
he  commenced  his  labors.  Preaching  was  continued,  with  prayer-meetings  through  the 
week,  during  the  months  of  April,  May,  and  June,  and  on  June  24,  1867,  the  Calvary 
Mission  Church  was  organized  by  a  committee  of  the  Presbytery  of  Peoria,  appointed  at 
its  Spring  meeting  for  that  purpose.  The  committee  consisted  of  Rev.  J.  H.  Morrow, 
then  of  the  First  Church,  Peoria,  and  Rev.  T.  Stephenson,  then  of  the  church  at  Farm- 
ington,  together  with  Elders  Grier  and  Harvey.  It  was  organized  with  twenty  members, 
and  has  now  an  active  membership  of  330.  Its  growth  has  far  surpassed  the  expecta- 
tions of  its  most  devoted  friends,  and  was  such  as  to  make  the  old  building  in  which  it 
originated  too  small.  In  view  of  this  fact  it  was  determined,  early  in  the  year  1876,  to 
proceed  at  once  to  the  erection  of  a  new  building.  Lots  were  secured,  and  on  the  17th 
day  of  April,  1876,  ground  was  broken  on  the  site  where  now  stands  their  beautiful  and 
commodious  structure — a  monument  to  God's  faithfulness,  and  an  evidence  of  the  devo- 
tion, untiring  energy  and  self-denial  of  the  many  willing  hearts  and  hands  connected 
with  it.  The  corner-stone  of  the  new  church  was  laid,  with  appropriate  ceremonies,  on 
the  afternoon  of  the  24th  of  June,  1876,  on  the  occasion  of  the  ninth  anniversary  of  the 
organization  of  the  society.  It  was  expected  that  the  new  building  would  be  finished 
by  the  next  Spring;  but  it  remained  unfinished  until  the  Spring  of  l87'J,  when,  by  the 
untiring  zeal  of  the  Women's  Association,  the  kindness  of  outside  friends,  and  in  many 
cases  the  self-sacrifices  of  members,  and  last,  but  not  least,  the  characteristic  unselfish 
devotion  of  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Reynolds,  who  generously  bestowed  the  silver  dollars,  given  by 
their  many  friends  on  the  occasion  of  their  silver  wedding,  observed  in  connection  with 
the  twelfth  anniversary  of  the  organization  of  the  church,  and  being  the  first  assembly 
in  the  new  church  building,  it  was  dedicated  to  the  service  of  God  on  the  29th  day  of 
June,  free  from  debt. 

The  annual  contributions  of  the  church  for  all  religious  purposes  and  causes  of 
benevolence,  including  salary  of  pastor,  expense  of  church,  etc.,  are  about  $3,000. 

The  church  has  so  far  had  but  one  pastor  and  the  Sabbath  school  but  one  superin- 
tendent, and  thej'  have  been  signally  favored  in  the  choice  of  both.  It  is  supported 
entirely  by  voluntary  contributions,  and  the  seats  are  uniformly  free.  The  present 
officers  of  the  church  are  Rev.  John  Weston,  pastor  ;  William  Reynolds,  Dr.  John  Cary, 
Wm.  Schroder,  James  Hempliill,  William  Wrigley,  and  James  Waterhouse,  elders  ; 
Elijah  Cassell,  William  Cutter,  Isaac  Coleman,  and  Chas.  Johnson,  deacons ;  Chas.  T. 
Luthy,  William  Reynolds,  Isaac  Coleman,  J.  M.  S.  White,  Thomas  Love,  and  William 
Cutter,  trustees;  James  A.  Waterhouse,  treasurer.  The  officers  of  the  Sunday  school 
are,  William  Reynolds,  superintendent ;  Elmer  D.  Love,  secretary  and  treasurer ;  Miss 
Jennie  M.  Butler,  superintendent  of  infant  class,  and  Miss  Minnie  Baum,  secretary. 

To  promote  the  work  of  the  church  there  is  also  in  efficient  working  order  three 
societies.     They  are  known  as  — 

1.  The  Yoke  Fellows.  2.  The  Women's  Assoclation.  3.  The  Mabys 
AND  Makthas. 


480  HISTORY  OF  PEORIA  COUNTY. 

The  Yoke  Fellou's  is  composed  of  the  young  men  of  the  church.  The  society 
was  organized  in  1&T5.  The  name,  in  a  measuri,  indicates  what  was  the  primarj'  object 
of  tiie  organization.  The  members  were  to  go  out  two  by  two  upon  the  Sabbath,  and 
with  tracts  and  papers  distributed  upon  the  streets,  tr)*  to  induce  persons  Ut  attend 
church.  Since  their  organization  they  have  taken  hold  of  the  Mission  Sunday-school 
work,  and  they  now  conduct  four  mission  schools  in  the  city  and  vicinity.  The  schools 
are  known  as  — 

Hope  Mission,  William  Semelroth,  superintendent. 

Faith  Mission,  William  Coleman,  superintendent. 

Pleasant  Hill  Mission,  Donat  Miller,  superintendent. 

Olivet  Mission,  James  A.  Waterhouse,  superintendent. 

This  society  also  takes  charge  of  the  street  preaching  in  connection  with  the  church 
during  the  Summer  months,  and  conducts  other  meetings  in  connection  with  their  mis- 
sion schools. 

Women's  Association.  —  The  Women's  Association  was  organized  September  17. 1876. 
Its  object  was  to  devise  wa3*s  and  means  to  further  the  erection  of  a  new  church  building. 
During  the  three  years  of  this  organization  they  have  collected,  through  written  and 
verbal  appeals  and  church  entertainments,  the  sum  of  $5,000.  Three  thousand  of  this 
amount  was  given  in  payment  for  the  lots  on  which  the  new  church  stands,  and  the  re- 
maining two  thousand  was  appropriated  toward  the  building  and  furniture  of  the  church. 

The  Marys  and  Marthas. —  This  society  is  composed  of  the  young  lady  membei-s  of 
the  congregation,  and  was  organized  in  April,  1877.  It  has  for  its  motto,  "  For  Christ's 
Sake."  The  objects  of  the  societ}'  are  to  advance  the  kingdom  of  Christ  in  connection 
with  Calvary  Mission  Church  ;  to  develop  Christian  activities  and  the  spiritual  growth 
of  its  members,  and  to  facilitate  the  works  of  benevolence  and  love  toward  each  other 
and  the  members  of  the  church.  It  has  two  standing  committees  appointed  annually  and 
known  as  the  Committee  on  Sociability  and  the  Committee  on  Missionary  Visitation.  The 
care  of  the  sick  of  the  society  is  also  attended  to  by  a  committee  of  two  appointed 
weekly. 

The  New  Church. —  The  first  sermons  of  the  New  Church  —  commonly  called  Sweden - 
borgain,  for  the  reason  that  the  doctrines  and  philosophy  by  which  it  is  governed,  were 
disclosed  from  tlie  Word  by  Emanuel  Swedenborg  —  preached  in  Peoria,  were  by  the 
Rev.  Dr.  Belding,  in  the  Fall  of  1841.  The  next  were  by  the  Rev.  T.  O.  Prescott,  in 
December,  1842,  and  in  the  following  month  Rev.  George  Field  delivered  a  course  of  six 
lectures  in  the  court-house,  on  the  first  ten  chapters  of  Genesis,  and  five  lectures  on  the 
doctrines  of  the  New  Church.  These  were  the  introduction  of  the  New  Church  to  this 
city. 

The  Peoria  society  of  the  New  Church  was  first  formed  as  a  corporate  body,  for  the 
purpose  of  legally  holding  property,  in  the  Winter  or  Spring  of  1846,  with  C.  P.  King, 
E.  N.  Powell,  and  Hervey  Lightner,  as  trustees.  Attliat  time  there  was  no  place  suitable 
for  holding  meetings  to  be  had,  they  therefore  erected  a  house  of  worsliip  on  Jefferson 
Street,  near  the  corner  of  Hamilton.  On  the  3d  of  January,  1847,  a  church  wa.s  organized 
consisting  of  fourteen  members,  and  was  f(jrmall3'  instituted  by  Rev.  Dr.  Ilibbard,  now  of 
Detroit,  Mich.,  who  then  became  its  pastor,  with  John  Hamlin,  Hervey  Liglitner,  and 
Dr.  E.  Dickerson,  iis  executive  committee.  Since  then  the  following  gentlemen  have 
served  the  society  as  p.astors :  Revs.  N.  C.  Burnham,  Thomas  Storry,  Jabez  Fox.  G.  H. 
Marston,  A.  J.  Bartells,  G.  F.  Stearns,  G.  N.  Smith,  C.  Hardon,  and  again  the  Rev.  Dr. 
Hiblmrd.  They  continued  to  meet  in  tlieir  church  on  Jefferson  Street  till  18.")."),  when 
their  present  edifice  was  built.  It  is  located  on  Hamilton  Street,  between  Jefferson  and 
Madison  Streets,  and  is  a  plain  brick  structure  capped  with  stone,  capable  ot  seating  150 
people.     The  cost,  including  lot,  was  $5,000.     The  present  membership  is  sixty,  but 


HISTORY  OF  PEORIA  COUISTY.  481 

little  more  than  half  of  whom  reside  in  the  city.  The  society  has  no  pastor  at  the 
present  time.  The  officers  are,  W.  M.  Dodge,  president;  H.  Smith,  secretary;  H.  Light- 
ner,  C.  P.  King,  H.  M.  Van  Buskirk,  and  A.  Fitton,  trustees. 

Societies  in  their  growth,  like  individuals,  have  various  vicissitudes  to  pass  through  ; 
some  prosperous,  some  adverse,  and  this  society  is  no  exception  to  the  rule.  For  the  last 
few  years  the  removals  and  deaths  have  been  about  the  same  as  the  accessions;  but  the 
growth  of  the  New  Church  itself  is  not  to  be  estimated  by  the  small  number  who  meet 
in  this  or  that  place  for  instruction  and  encouragement  in  the  performance  of  their 
Christian  duties.  These  meeting  places,  like  the  ganglions  in  the  nervous  system  of  the 
human  body,  are  but  centers  from  which  the  living  principles  of  the  church  are  dis- 
tributed to  all  around  them.  Hence  the  general  tendency  of  the  sincere,  rational,  earnest, 
religious  thought  of  the  day,  is  in  the  direction  of  the  doctrines  of  the  New  Church,  and 
towards  the  cultivation  of  the  spirit  which  animates  them. 

The  only  original  members  of  the  society  in  Peoria  now  living,  are  Mrs.  Catharine  J. 
Dickinson,  relict  of  Dr.  Dickinson,  Charles  Kettelle,  and  Hervey  Lightner.  The  amount 
contributed  by  the  members  for  various  religious  and  benevolent  purposes,  is  82,500  per 
annum. 

First  Universalist  Bradley  Memorial  Church. — This  church  was  organized  in  the  year 
184.3.  Its  first  members  were  Messrs.  Orin  Hamlin,  Dennis  Blakely,  Aaron  Oakford, 
Moses  M.  Webb,  J.  P.  Dennis,  John  King,  Caleb  Whitmore,  Norman  Howe  and  wife, 
and  some  others.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Howe  are  the  only  persons  now  resident  in  the  city  who 
assisted  in  the  organization.  At  that  time  there  was  a  large  and  flourishing  Sunday 
school,  possessing  a  library  of  over  200  volumes.  The  Rev.  F.  J.  Briggs  was  the  first 
settled  pastor,  and  the  society  held  its  meetings  in  the  old  court-house,  and  subsequently 
owned  an  edifice  on  Fulton  Street,  which  was  afterwards  used  as  a  Jewish  Synagogue. 
Some  years  afterwards  the  congregation  bought  what  is  now  the  First  Baptist  church, 
then  a  Unitarian  church,  and  owned  by  Mr.  Jacob  Underhill. 

In  the  early  part  of  1866,  a  meeting  was  held  to  consider  the  propriety  of  erecting  a 
new  church  building,  and  the  idea  found  such  favor  with  the  members  that  $12,000  was 
subscribed  for  that  purpose,  on  the  spot.  The  erection  of  the  church  was  forthwith  be- 
gun, and  was  completed  in  the  following  year,  at  a  total  cost  of  $65,000,  including  furni- 
ture. During  the  process  of  erection,  the  church  lost  by  death  one  of  its  most  prominent 
members,  Mr.  Tobias  S.  Bradley,  who  was  for  many  years  a  resident  of  the  city,  and  who 
set  no  bounds  to  his  liberality  where  this  church  was  concerned.  Shortly  after 
the  completion  of  the  church,  when  a  special  effort  was  made  to  clear  off  its 
indebtedness,  the  society,  in  consideration  of  the  fact  that  nearly  one -half  the 
cost  thereof  had  been  subscribed  by  Mr.  Bradley  and  by  his  widow,  Mrs.  Lj-dia 
Bradley,  after  his  decease,  resolved  to  perpetuate  the  memory  of  his  great  gen- 
erosity by  naming  their  new  building  The  Bradley  Memorial  Church.     The  regularly 

settled  pastors  were  Revs.  F.  J.  Briggs, Linell,  Wm.  Rounsville,  D.  M.  Read,  R.  H. 

Pullman,  H.  B.  Smith,  James  M.  Bailey,  and  S.  A.  Gardner.  The  latter  gentleman  sev- 
ered his  connection  with  the  church  January  1,  1880.  The  present  Board  of  Trustees 
consists  of  the  following  ladies  and  gentlemen  :  Mrs.  Lydia  Bradle}',  Mrs.  A.  J.  Hodges, 
Mrs.  John  H.  Francis,  Messrs.  S.  S.  Tripp,  C.  H.  Hitchcock,  A.  W.  Martin,  Geo.  A.  Wil- 
son, and  Prof.  S.  K.  White.  The  church  is  entirely  free  from  debt,  and  is  strong  and 
hopeful,  having  in  its  membership  quite  a  large  number  of  the  best  citizens  of  Peoria. 
Miss  Mary  E.  Culver  is  the  present  superintendent  of  the  Sunday  school,  which, 
under  her  devoted  labors,  is  in  a  most  flourishing  condition,  with  a  membership  of  200 
scholars. 

The  ladies  of  this  society  have  been  very  prominent  in  their  works  of  practical  char- 
ity, and  in  their  untiring  efforts  to  raise  money  for  congregational  and  other  purposes. 
To  them  belongs  the  credit  of  originating  the  Women's  Christian  Home  Mission  of  Peo- 


482  HISTORY  OF  PEORIA  COUNTY. 

ria  ;  they  own  the  handsome  organ  in  their  church,  worth  $3,000  ;  and  during  the  last 
j-ear  tliey  have  raised  the  sum  of  8^00  hy  various  entertainments. 

Peoria  County  Bible  Society. — This  society'  was  organized  Marcii  1,  1844,  at  a  meet- 
ing held  for  the  purpose  in  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church,  and  has  for  its  object  the 
promoting  the  circuhition  of  tlie  Holy  Scriptures  without  note  or  comment,  more  especially 
in  Peoria  county.  Its  first  officers  were  :  President,  Samuel  Lowry  ;  vice-president, 
Geo.  Wilkenson  ;  secretary,  Jesse  L.  Knowlton  ;  treasurer.  \Vm.  A.  Herron  ;  executive 
committee,  M.  PettingilUWiiitney  Smith,  William  Hall,  S.  D.  W.  Drown,  and  J.  McClay 
Smith.  Since  the  date  mentioned  it  lias  had  an  active  existence,  and  has  disseminated 
thousands  of  copies  of  the  Scriptures  in  Peoria  county,  besides  contributing  largely 
towards  the  funds  of  the  parent  society  in  New  York.  Of  late  years  its  annual  income 
has  been  about  81,000,  one-half  of  which  is  devoted  to  the  needs  of  the  county,  and  the 
other  half  sent  to  New  York.  The  depot  of  the  society  is  at  309  Main  Street,  and  the 
stock  of  Bibles  and  Testaments  kept  in  it,  and  in  various  minor  depositories  in  the  count}', 
seldom  tails  below  1,000  copies.  The  present  officers  are:  President,  John  C.  Grier : 
vice-presidents,  pastors  of  all  co-operating  clmrches  in  the  city  ;  secretarj'  and  treasurer, 
Benjamin  Foster  ;  directors,  J.  H.  Bunn,  H.  P.  Ayres,  Wm.  Reynolds,  A.  G.  Tyng,  G. 
H.  Mcllvaine,  and  D.  McCulloch.  The  annual  meetings  are  generally  held  on  first  Sun- 
day in  April. 

The  Youny  Men's  Christian  Association. — A  score  of  young  men  of  Peoria,  who  are 
fired  with  Christian  zeal  and  active  in  Christian  work,  after  holding  prayer-meetings  for 
a  time  at  various  private  residences  in  the  city,  felt  impressed  with  the  urgent  need  of  a 
more  systematic  and  thorough  concert  of  action,  and  decided  to  make  an  effort  to  organ- 
ize a  Young  Men's  Christian  Association.  After  holding  several  preliminary  meetings, 
at  whicii  numerous  discouragements  presented  themselves,  tlie  organization  was  effected 
in  September,  1871),  officers  were  elected,  and  a  constitution  and  by-laws  adopted. 
The  declared  purpose  of  the  organization  is  for  the  improvement  of  the  sj)iriiual,  mental 
and  social  condition  of  young  men.  The  membership  is  divided  into  four  classes.  Active, 
Associate,  Life,  and  Honorary  members.  Any  man  who  is  a  member  in  good  standing  of 
any  evangelical  cluirch  may  become  an  active  member  by  tlie  payment  of  two  dollars, 
and  continue  tlierein  by  paying  a  like  sum,  in  advance,  annually.  Any  man  of  good 
moral  character  may  become  an  associate  member  by  paying  the  same  amount.  The 
payment  of  twent}'  dollars  constitutes  a  person  a  life  member,  when  possessing  the  requi- 
site character  necessary  to  active  membership.  Honorary  members  are  subject  to  the 
the  same  qualifications  and  restrictions  as  life  meml)ers. 

The  active  members  compose  the  following  committees:  devotional,  membership, 
visitation  and  missionary,  sick,  finance,  clmrches,  room,  library  and  jirinting,  lecture, 
and  entertainment,  and  employ  and  i)oarding  house.  The  legitimate  work  of  the 
Association  is  divided  up  among  these  committees,  so  tliat  each  one  is  personally  respon- 
sible for  the  work  of  his  committee.  Both  classes  of  memliers  have  the  following  privi- 
leges: Free  use  of  the  lii)rary  and  reading  rooms,  the  "  Bulletin,"  and  ailmission  to  clas- 
ses, lectures,  musical  and  literary  entertainments,  etc.,  in  the  member's  coui-se.  The 
present  membership,  January  10,  1880,  numbers  one  liundred,  and  is  rapidly  increa,sing 
each  week.  The  oflicers  and  directors  are  as  follows :  M.  Kingman,  president ;  Tlieo. 
Higbie,  vice-president;  Thomas  Petherbridge,  treasurer  ;  William  N.  Kisiier,  correspond- 
ing and  general  secretary;  A.  S.  O ,  assist^mt  secretary;  J.  W.  Man.sel,  Jr.,  re- 
cording secretarv :  William  Revnolds,  George  M.  Bush,  Norris  Pitt,  Dr.  II.  N.  Baldwin, 
J.  E.  F.  Fisher  and  \V.  < ».  .Maxwell,  directors. 

The  Association  has  very /•onitnrtuble  and  cosy  (|uarters  at  No.  lO-J  South  Adams 
Street,  and  its  rooms  are  well  supplied  with  papers  and  periodicals  and  the  nueleus  of  a 
library  of  some  five  hundred  volumes,  to  which  additions  are  being  rapidly  made  by  gen- 


HISTORY  OP  PEORIA  COUNTY.  483 

erous  friends.     Sufficient  contributions  are  already  guaranteed  to  make  the  society  self- 
sustaining. 

The  Association  publishes  The  Weekly  Bulletin,  a  neat  little  sheet  of  four  pages,  de- 
voted to  the  interests  of  the  organization  and  to  the  promulgation  of  Christian  woi-k.  The 
Association  supports  twenty-one  meetings  a  week.  The  rapid  growth  and  prospects  for 
future  usefulness  exceed  the  most  sanguine  expectations. 

Railroad  Christian  Association  was  organized  in  December,  1878,  by  a  number  of 
gentleman  prominently  connected  with  railroad  interests  in  Indianapolis,  Peoria,  and  ad- 
joining cities,  with  the  design  of  furnishing  one  or  two  comfortable,  attractive,  well 
warmed  and  lighted  rooms,  in  which  railroad  men  might  spend  their  evenings.  Their 
first  rooms  were  at  No.  619  South  Adams  Street,  but  they  have  recently  moved  to 
more  commodious  and  better  located  quarters  at  the  Olivet  Mission  building,  (formerly 
Calvary  Mission),  on  Walnut  Street.  The  rooms  are  comfortably  fitted  up,  and  sup- 
plied with  newspapers,  checkers,  chess,  dominoes,  and  stationery,  which  is  absolutely 
free  to  all  railroad  men,  irrespective  of  creed,  and  whether  members  of  the  Association 
or  not.  The  membership  of  the  Association  is  growing  rapidly,  and  the  rooms  fill  a 
recognized  want  among  the  many  railroad  men  who  are  transiently  in  the  city.  The 
officers  for  1880  are  :  President,  Theodore  Higbie  ;  vice-president,  N.  B.  Love;  secre- 
tary and  treasurer,  R.  E.  Reynolds. 

Women's  Christian  Home  Mission.  —  This  most  praiseworthy  and  practical  charity 
was  incorporated  under  the  laws  of  the  State  of  Illinois,  February  16,  1876.  Under  the 
name  of  the  "  Christian  Home  Mission,  "it  had  been  organized  by  the  ladies  of  the  First 
Universalist  Church  more  than  ten  years  before,  and  had  accomplished  much  good  in  the 
waj'  of  timely,  unostentatious  assistance  to  the  needy  poor  of  the  citjs  and  in  teaching 
hundreds  of  girls  to  make  and  mend  their  clothes.  For  some  years  previous  to  the  incor- 
poration, similar  societies  had  sprung  into  existence  in  connection  with  other  religious 
denominations,  and  in  order  to  prevent  the  clashing  which  naturally  lesulted  from  the 
independent  action  of  each  society,  to  economise  the  labor  necessary  in  systematically 
visiting  and  and  searching  out  the  deserving  poor,  too  modest  to  apply  for  aid  though  in 
dire  distress,  and  above  all  to  attain,  by  the  operation  of  a  system  in  their  relief  work,  the 
thoroughness  in  their  manner  of  dealing  with  applicants,  and  consequent  freedom  from 
imposition,  that  one  united  society  would  have,  over  the  variously  directed  efforts  of 
several  independent  ones,  it  was  resolved  to  unite  all  these  charitable  bodies  of  lady- 
workers,  into  one  grand  non-sectarian  society. 

When  the  union  had  been  effected,  the  ladies  found  themselves  face  to  face  with  one 
of  the  great  problems  of  the  age  —  how  to  help  the  needy  without  pauperising  them  — 
how  to  render  them  the  truest  of  all  helps,  not  by  bearing  their  burden  for  them,  but  by 
encouraging  them  to  exert  their  full  strength,  that  they  may  bear  it  themselves.  To  beget 
independence,  especially  in  the  minds  of  the  young,  by  giving  them  the  necessary  train- 
ing to  qualify  them  to  become  useful  and  self-sustaining  in  the  battle  of  life,  on  which 
they  are  about  to  enter,  and  to  afford  a  refuge  in  the  hour  of  extreme  distress  and  desti- 
tution, where  weary  bodies  with  yet  more  weary  souls,  might  find  a  resting  place,  and 
where  they  might  obtain  a  welcome  draught  of  human  sympathy  for  their  broken  hopes 
and  fruitless  struggles,  ere  they  returned  once  more  refreshed  and  enheartened,  to  fight 
their  battles  in  the  world. 

The  mission  has  three  separate  channels,  through  which  it  endeavors  to  reach  those 
deserving  help,  viz. :  The  Relief  of  the  sick  and  destitute,  the  Industrial  School,  and  the 
Home  for  the  Friendless. 

The  Relief  of  the  Sick  and  Destitute.  —  This  is  effected  by  systematic  visiting  of 
regularly  appointed  committees.  The  entire  city  is  divided  into  districts,  and  zealous, 
competent  visitors  appointed,  who  thoroughly  investigate  each  case  before  giving  alms, 
and  give  relief  without  reference  to  religious  opinion.     These  visitors  register  the  names 


484  HISTORY  OF  PEORIA  COUNTY. 

of  all  applicants,  and  present  them  at  each  monthly  meeting ;  thus  all  become  familiar  with 
them,  chronic  bep;gars  are  soon  known,  and  imposition  can  not  long  be  practiced.  Besides 
the  material  relief  afforded,  there  is  a  vast  amount  of  good  done  which  can  not  be  fully 
estimated  ;  the  encouragement  and  solace  given  to  the  desponding  ;  delicacies  provided 
for  the  sick  ;  employment  found  for  the  able-bodied  adult ;  instruction  given  to  children  ; 
young  girls  removed  from  temptation  and  assisted  in  honorable  self-support.  The  extent 
of  their  labors  in  this  direction,  may  l)e  gatliered  from  the  following  figures,  covering  the 
last  four  yeai-s.  Number  of  families  visited  553.  Number  of  persons  in  families  2,097. 
Number  of  visits  made  943. 

Indugtrial  School.  —  This  branch  of  the  Mission  work  was  inaugurated  in  18(56,  un- 
der the  care  of  the  ladies  of  the  First  Universalist  Church,  prominent  among  whom  in 
their  efforts  in  its  behalf,  were  the  late  Mis.  Julia  P.  Bourland,  Mrs.  E.  D.  Hardin  and 
Mrs.  Walter  D.  Strickler.  The  school  was  started  in  a  small  room  in  the  residence  of 
the  latter  lady,  with  seven  children,  and  was  afterwards  moved  to  accommodate  the 
vastly  increased  attendance,  to  the  vestry  of  the  Universalist  church,  where  it  remained 
till  the  Fall  of  1879,  when  for  the  purpose  of  securing  better  light,  it  was  again  removed 
to  217  South  Adams  Street,  its  present  location.  Meetings  are  held  every  Saturdaj* 
afternoon,  and  the  girls  are  taught  cutting,  basting,  plain  sewing,  patching,  knitting, 
darning,  etc.,  by  volunteer  lady  teachers.  Hundreds  of  girls  have  attended  this  school 
since  it  commenced,  many  of  wliom  h;ive  grown  into  womanhood,  and  have  gone  out  to 
repeat  its  lessons  in  homes  of  their  own,  or  in  other  spheres  of  e(iual  usefulness.  During 
the  past  three  years  the  number  of  children  instructed  was  1,120.  Number  of  garments 
made,  1,060.  Number  of  quilts  made,  40.  In  the  Spring  of  1S79,  tlie  school  enjoyed  a 
course  of  lectures  on  cooking,  from  Miss  Coi-son,  which  did  sometliing  towards  introduc- 
ing that  subject,  and  showing  its  value  as  a  science,  and  the  ladies  of  the  Mission  hope 
to  be  able  ere  long,  to  supplement  the  instructions  given  in  sewing,  by  theoretical  and 
practical  cookery  and  housekeeping. 

Home  for  the  Friendlegs.  —  In  May,  1875,  the  Home  was  formally  opened  on  Merri- 
man  Street,  and  one  year  later  was  removed  to  512  Seventh  Street,  which,  through  the 
liberality  of  Mrs.  Lydia  Bradley,  they  occupied  rent  free.  In  the  latter  part  of  1879, 
they  were  enabled  to  purchase,  at  a  very  moderate  figure,  the  Judge  Kellogg  liomestead, 
corner  Main  Street  and  Flora  Avenue,  on  the  bluff,  where  tlie  Home  is  now  located.  It 
is  under  charge  of  a  matron,  and  only  women  and  cliildren  are  eligible  for  admission.  It 
is  designed  to  assist  destitute  ones,  affording  temporary  relief  as  far  as  practicable,  by 
giving  shelter,  food,  clothing  and  such  general  information,  and  personal  effort,  as  may 
be  required  in  obtaining  homes  for  them,  employment  for  the  women,  etc.,  regardless  of 
nationality,  creed  or  age  of  the  applicant.  Destitute  and  homeless  children  are  here 
kept,  till  suitable  openings  can  be  found  for  them.  It  is  also  used  as  a  depot  for  con- 
tril)uted  garments,  which  are  distributed  among  the  destitute,  on  order  from  the  visitors. 
During  the  last  three  years  the  inmates  of  the  Home  for  longer  or  shorter  periods,  have 
been  ninety  in  numl)er,  and  the  garments  received  'for  distribution  and  so  disposed  of, 
nearly  900. 

The  amount  expended  by  the  Mission,  in  carrying  on  these  different  branches  of 
their  work  during  the  last  four  years,  is,  ius  shown  !)y  their  annual  reports,  nearly  iii.1,500, 
and  the  managers  have  been  too  careful  to  seta  practical  example  in  matters  of  prudence 
and  thrift  before  their  beneficiaries,  to  allow  it  to  run  into  debt,  or  incur  responsibilities 
it  would  be  unal)le  to  meet,  even  in  their  behalf. 

The  present  offners  of  the  Mission  are:  President,  Mrs.  K.  D.  Hardin;  Ist  vice 
pres.,  Mrs.  A.  (i.  Tyng ;  2d  vice  pres.,  Mrs.  Wtuiliington  Cockle;  secy.,  Mrs.  H.  B.  Dox ; 
a.s8t.  secy.,  Mrs.  J.  Si.  Rice  ;  treas..  Miss  Maggie  McKinnev  ;  advisory  committee,  Messrs. 
S.  H.  White,  John  S.  Stevens,  Wm.  F.  Bryan,  J.  C.  Hansell,  Dr.  (i.  A.  Wilson  and  Col. 
J.  D.   McCluro;   Board  of  Managers,  Madames  A.  J.  Hodges,   Chas.  B.  Day,  Wm.  F. 


/ 


] 


HISTORY  OF  PEORIA  COUNTTj  485 

Bryan,  Geo.  A.  Wilson,  E.  S.  Wilcox,  E.  S.  Easton,  S.  H.  White,  W.  B.  Lyon,  Alex.  G. 
Tyng,  J.  H.  Morrow,  Robert  Grier,  and  Miss  Fannie  Mayo ;  Industrial  School  Supt., 
Mrs.  E.  D.  Hardin ;  asst.  supt.,  Mrs.  G.  A.  Wilson. 

THE   SCHOOLS    OF   PEORIA  —  THEIE  INCEPTION,  PROGRESS  AND  PRESENT   CONDITION.| 

The  following  sketch  of  the  city  schools  has  been  presented  by  A.  P.  Bartlett,  who 
has  been  more  or  less  connected  with  them  for  many  years  and  was  sent  to  Philadelphia 
with  the  centennial  volumes  of  the  Peoria  County  School  Work. 

Let  the  soldier  be  abroad  if  he  will,  he  can  do  nothing  in  this  age.  There  is  another 
personage  less  imposing,  in  the  eyes  of  some,  perhaps,  insignificant.  The  schoolmaster  is 
abroad,  and  I  trust  to  him,  armed  with  his  primer,  against  the  soldier  in  full  military 
array. 

In  1828,  this  may  have  been  a  new  idea  to  the  contemplative  Briton,  but  every 
American  of  to-day  could  heartily  echo  Lord  Brougham's  words.  Just  in  proportion  as 
the  frontier  towns  of  the  country  become  more  civilized,  so  an  ardent  desire  for  educa- 
tion becomes  more  prominent.     Thus  it  was  with  us. 

Previous  to  1854,  these  broad  prairies  were  nearly  or  quite  destitute  of  the  fruit 
with  which  they  are  now  so  prolific  — good,  substantial  school-houses.  The  children  of 
our  city  were  obliged  to  content  themselves  with  such  high-priced,  meager  educational 
advantages  as  a  few  private  schools  could  afford,  and  only  as  late  as  1855  did  the  citizens 
awake  to  a  realizing  sense  of  their  great  need.  At  that  time,  several  leading  men  formed 
themselves  into  a  joint  stock  association,  and  built  what  was  termed  the  Peoria  Academy, 
designed  solely  for  boys  and  such  very  few  young  women  as  desired  classical  advantages. 
Afterwards,  a  female  school,  which  had  in  reality  existed  for  some  time,  was  incorporated. 
Thus  provisions  were  made  that  the  young  lady  mind  might  be  in  no  more  danger  of 
running  to  waste  than  her  brother's,  though  her  intellectual  diet  might  be  of  a  milder 
description. 

These  two  institutions  were  well  taught  and  consequently  successful  so  far  as  they 
went ;  but  there  were  very  great  objections  to  them.  Their  tendency  was  too  exclusive, 
separating  the  rich  from  the  poor,  and  moreover,  though  the  rich  man's  son  was  well 
educated,  the  child  of  less  fortunate  parents  roamed  the  streets,  exposed  to  all  the  evils 
that  idleness  engendered.  It  certainly  was  not  a  very  democratic  plan,  this  of  private 
schools,  and  one  not  entirely  consistent  with  our  enlightened  American  ideas. 

The  only  remedy  lay  in  the  common  school  sj^stem,  free,  or  as  nearly  so  as  possible. 
In  February,  1855,  the  Legislature  passed  an  act  creating  a  "  Board  of  School  In- 
spectors," the  act  being  entitled,   "  An  Act  to  amend  the  charter  of  the  City  of  Peoria, 
and  to  establish  and  regulate  a  system  of  public  schools  in  said  city." 

The  public  generally  were  quick  to  see  what  was  for  their  best  interest,  and  eagerly 
stepped  forward  to  lend  their  aid.  Of  course,  as  always,  there  were  those  who  held  back, 
grumbling  and  dissenting  until  the  enterprise  was  so  well  grounded  that  they  could  not 
be  involved  in  its  downfall,  and  until  their  children  might  safely  reap  the  fruits  of  others' 
labor.  Among  the  prime  movers  in  the  good  work  were  Charles  E.  Hovey,  afterwards 
superintendent  of  the  schools  and  also  principal  of  the  high  school,  and  Judge  Onslow 
Peters,  at  whose  office  those  interested  met  and  drew  up  the  act  of  incorporation. 

In  consideration  of  the  experimental  nature  of  the  work  here,  though  well  proven 
in  Boston,  Cincinnati,  St.  Louis,  Chicago,  and  other  cities,  and  also  in  consideration  of 
the  objections  of  a  part  of  the  townspeople,  it  was  not  thought  advisable  to  rely  for  sup- 
port entirely  upon  taxation  of  property.  The'money  was  obtained  from  several  sources, 
a  portion  from  the  State  and  township  fund,  but  a  large  amount  from  a  tuition  fee  of 
$2.25  for  each  pupil,  which  last  was  applied  mainly  to  the  payment  of  teachers'  salaries. 
This  might  seem  an  obstacle  to  the  more  indigent,  but  for  these  the  fee  was  reduced  to 
$1,  which  certainly  seemed  within  the  reach  of  all. 


486  HISTORY  OF  PEORIA  COUNTT. 

Even  at  this  early  stage  the  friends  of  the  public  schools  were  much  encouraged, 
both  by  the  apparent  desire  of  parents  to  place  their  children  at  school,  and  on  the  part 
of  the  latter  an  eagerness  and  aptness  to  learn,  most  grateful  to  teachers.  At  first,  the 
accommodations  were  of  necessity  very  poor,  there  being  only  four  school-houses,  and 
they  almost  without  exception  of  most  forlorn  and  unsightly  exterior,  and  of  correspond- 
ing discomfort  within.  So,  for  this  reason  or  some  other,  out  of  a  population  of  about 
2,000  children  of  a  proper  age  to  attend  school,  only  about  300  did  attend,  leaving  a 
fearful  balance  of  youthful  idlers  and  loafers.  During  the  second  school  year,  1856,  such 
a  strong  need  of  more  and  better  buildings  was  felt,  that  the  board  of  inspectors  decided 
to  negotiate  for  the  buildings  used  as  the  boys'  and  girls'  academies.  At  a  regul  ir  meet- 
ing of  the  stockholders,  the  proposition  of  the  inspectors  was  considered,  and  also  the 
fact  that  since  the  advent  of  the  public  schools  the  want  of  these  private  institutions 
was  no  longer  felt.  So,  in  consideration  of  this  state  of  affairs,  at  the  meeting  called  for 
the  purpose,  the  stockholdere  determined  by  vote  tt)  sell  these  two  buildings  to  the  board 
of  school  inspectors.  Both  are  still  occupied  as  schools.  That  in  the  third  district, 
once  graced  only  by  girlish  forms,  is  still  in  its  pristine  glory ;  that  is,  there  is  not  much 
that  is  glorious  about  it.  The  other,  in  the  second  district,  has  undergone  a  complete 
transformation,  so  that  even  its  best  friends  could  not  recognize  in  its  capacious  and 
handsome  features  the  haggard  lineaments  of  the  old  "  boys'  academ}'." 

Until  1860  the  schools  were  conducted  on  a  sort  of  compromise  system,  not  entirely 
free,  but  supported  from  the  funds  by  a  small  tax  and  by  assessment  on  each  pupil.  But 
at  this  time,  in  consequence  of  the  growing  dissatisfaction  witli  this  crippled  system,  the 
question  of  taxation,  making  the  schools  virtually  free,  was  passed  to  vote  at  the  city 
election,  which  resulted  in  the  complete  triumpli  of  the  free  schools.  The  good  effect 
became  at  once  apparent,  the  attendance  over  the  previous  years  being  about  200.  The 
number  in  all  the  schools  was  750. 

The  following  year  saw  a  high  school  edifice  on  a  most  desirable  and  beautiful  site, 
in  the  southwest  part  of  the  city.  For  several  j-ears  before  tliere  had  been  a  high  school 
organization,  but  crowded  into  one  of  the  other  buildings,  and  thus  occupying  space 
needed  for  lower  grades.  Now  an  airy,  roomy,  exceedingly  plejisant  apartment  was  fur- 
nished where  the  higher  branches  of  learning,  the  languages  and  sciences  might  be  pur- 
sued witli  satisfaction  to  botii  teachers  and  scholars.  At  present  tiiere  is  a  complete, 
successful  and  higlily  satisfactor}'  system  of  graded  schools.  So  successful,  indeed,  that 
almost  all  private  schools  have  died  out  for  lack  of  patronage  ;  aiul  even  the  people  of  tlie 
surrounding  country  have  made  strenuous  efforts  to  give  tiieir  children  the  advantages 
of  our  schools,  which  they  are  enabled  to  do  at  the  cost  of  a  small  tuition  fee.  There  are 
at  present  eleven  school  buildings,  containing  over  4.000  scholars.  This  would  seem  a 
matter  of  congratulation,  and  so  it  is.  But  over  it  falls  a  shadow.  There  are  in  this 
city,  between  the  ages  of  six  and  twenty-one  years  old,  almost  'J, 000  chililren.  Allowing 
for  perhaps  1,900  at  other  schools,  such  as  the  German,  tiie  Catholic  and  others,  what  an 
api)alling  aggregate  it  leaves  not  attending  any  sort  of  scliool,  ami  growing  to  manhood 
and  womanliood  without  the  essential  element  of  manliness  and  womanliness  —  a  well 
balanced,  intelligent,  educated  mind.  Is  not  this  simple  fact,  the  thought  of  so  many 
chihlren  at  large  without  restraint,  without  culture,  a  strong  argument  for  compulsory 
education  ?  Employed  in  these  schools  are  sixty-seven  teachers,  including  one  music 
teacher.     The  sum  total  of  their  salaries  reaches  about  iil}5,000. 

In  connection  witli  the  city  schools  is  a  County  Normal  School,  situated  in  a  hand- 
some, commodious  building,  on  the  east  Ijltiff.  Mr.  S.  II.  Wiute,  it.s  principal,  is  well 
known  as  a  most  enthusiastic  and  successful  eilucator.  He,  with  his  lady  assistants,  has  in 
charge  a  large  number  of  students,  both  fuun  the  city  and  countr\-. 

These  are  being  practically  educated  for  the  express  purpose  of  teaching,  and  enjoy 


HISTORY  OP  PEORIA  COUNTY.  487 

constant  practice  in  a  training  school,  and  in  fact  in  every  thing  that  may  conduce  to 
future  efficiency  in  their  chosen  vocation. 

Our  high  school  is  the  capital  of  our  stalwart  column  of  public  schools,  and  worthy 
of  its  exalted  position.  It  has  maintained  since  its  foundation  a  thorough  course  of  study, 
embracing  the  dead  languages,  as  well  as  some  modern,  the  natural  sciences  and  many 
other  things,  and  has  graduated  in  these,  in  about  eighteen  years,  135  young  men  and 
women.  It  has  been  singularly  fortunate  in  its  instructors,  a  list  of  highly  educated, 
cultivated  men  and  women  as  well  as  able  teachers. 

We  have  only  to  use  our  eyes  in  looking  at  the  results  of  our  schools  to  attest  their 
substantial  worth.  Through  them  hundreds  of  children,  otherwise  unable  to  obtain  a 
liberal  education,  have  been  prepared,  and  well  prepared,  for  the  professions,  the  best 
and  most  thorough  teaching,  and  for  the  higliest  success  in  business  pursuits.  And,  as 
a  number  of  young  men  can  testify,  no  better  preparation,  not  even  in  New  England's 
renowned  fitting  schools,  can  be  obtained,  for  entrance  into  the  highest  colleges  and  uni- 
versities of  the  land.  So  that,  from  whatever  point  of  view,  from  the  higher  one  of  mind 
culture,  or  the  more  solid  but  eminently  practical  one  of  bread  and  butter  winning,  there 
is  but  one  conclusion  reached,  that  the  free  public  schools  of  Peoria  have  worked  them- 
selves into  the  hearts  and  lives  of  our  grateful  people. 

The  annual  report  of  the  City  Superintendent  of  Schools  for  1879  shows  the  number 
of  children  between  the  ages  of  6  and  21  years  to  be  9,060.  The  total  number  of  pupils 
enrolled  in  the  public  schools  was  4,539 ;  number  attending  private  schools,  1,671  ;  leav- 
ing 2,850  children  devoid  of  any  educational  advantages  except  such  as  the  streets  of 
the  city  furnish.  The  public  schools  of  the  city  number  20  in  all,  comprising  1  high,  7 
grammar,  10  primary,  and  2  evening  schools.  The  school  buildings  are  11  in  number, 
containing  a  total  of  64  school  rooms  proper,  and  15  recitation  rooms. 

The  whole  number  of  teachers  employed  in  these  buildings  during  the  year  was  74, 
of  whom  8  were  males  and  66  females.  The  average  number  of  pupils  per  teacher  was, 
in  the  high  school,  32,  the  grammar  schools,  40  ;  and  in  the  primary  schools,  53.  The 
cost  per  capita  for  the  average  attendance  for  the  year  was,  in  the  high  school,  $25.78 ; 
in  the  grammar,  $13.00,  and  in  the  primary  department,  $6.00.  Tlie  average  cost  of  all 
for  the  year  was  $9.65.  The  entire  course  of  instruction,  including  the  high  school,  em- 
braces 12  school  years,  and  fits  the  graduate  for  the  arena  of  active  business  life  or  for 
entering  tlie  freshman  class  of  any  of  the  literary  universities  of  the  country.  Tlie  aim 
of  the  school  management  is  to  have  the  schools  attain  to  a  liigher  grade  of  excellence 
each  year,  thus  keeping  this  great  germinator  of  intelligence  and  corner-stone  of  free 
government  abreast  of  the  times.  Peoria  has  just  reason  to  be  proud  of  her  public 
schools. 

THE  PEESS   OF   PEOEIA. 

One  of  the  sages  of  antiquity  said,  "  Let  me  write  the  songs  of  a  nation,  and  I  care 
not  who  makes  its  laws."  The  modern  philosopher  could  apply  the  same  language  with 
greater  force  and  pertinency  to  the  newspapers  of  our  time.  The  newspaper  and  maga- 
zine press  of  the  nineteenth  century  is  the  great  nursery  of  free  thought  and  universal 
culture.  The  munificent  public  schools  of  this  country  awaken  in  the  juvenile  mind  of 
the  masses  a  thirst  for  knowledge  which  paves  the  way  for  the  introduction  of  the  news- 
paper into  every  houseliold  where  the  inspiring  ray  from  the  school-house  lias  permeated. 
Under  the  supreme  law  of  demand  and  supply,  every  village  in  the  land  of  a  few  hun- 
dred inhabitants  must  have  its  mouth-piece  —  its  "  organ  "  — through  whose  columns 
flow  in  the  thoughts  and  doings  of  the  great  outside  world,  and  through  which  are  voiced 
the  actions  and  incidents  of  the  neighborhood  to  its  readers.  And  so  broad  is  the  do- 
main of  the  modern  journalist,  and  so  mullitudinous  tlie  topics  to  be  treated  in  tlie  ac- 
ceptible  discharge  of  his  duties,  that,  of  necessity,  he  must  be  an  encyclopedia  of  general 


488  HISTORY  OF  PEORIA  COUXTT. 

information.  No  subject,  however  obscure,  or  profound,  is  beyond  the  province  of  his 
pen  ;  and  in  the  columns  of  the  live  newspaper  of  to-day  are  to  be  found  articles  covering 
the  whole  range  of  literature,  science,  art,  politics  and  religion. 

The  clergyman  numbers  his  auditors  by  the  hundred,  the  editor  of  the  metropolitan 
newspaper  his  by  the  ten  thousand ;  and  his  daily  or  weekly  sheet  finds  its  way  into  the 
homes  and  hearts  of  readers,  a  large  percentum  of  whom  are  never  melted  by  the  touch- 
ing pleadings  of  the  pulpit,  nor  thrilled  by  the  magnetic  eloquence  of  the  rostrum. 
Thus,  verily,  the  newspaper  is  the  educator  and  molder  of  public  opinion  in  this  age 
and  in  this  land. 

The  newspaper  press  of  Peoria  has  done  its  share  for  the  public  weal ;  there  having 
been  from  an  early  day  in  the  city's  history  vigilant  workers  in  this  field  ;  those  who 
stood  upon  the  vanguard  of  society  doing  picket  duty  for  the  protection  and  guidance  of 
their  army  of  readers  ;  and  serving  as  advocates  of  the  best  interests  of  the  municipality 
and  exponents  of  the  best  thoughts  of  the  times. 

The  first  newspaper  published  in  Peoria  was  a  weekly,  called  the  Illinois  Champion. 
It  was  established  by  Abram  S.  Buxton  and  Henry  Wolford,  the  initiatory  number  ap- 
pearing on  the  10th  of  March,  1834.  Mr.  Buxton  was  its  editor,  and  had  formerly  been 
a  partner  of  George  D.  Prentice,  in  the  Louisville  Journal.  He  was  a  clear,  forcible 
writer,  and  although  a  staunch  Whig,  for  a  time  published  the  Champion  as  a  neutral 
paper  ;  but  he  soon  threw  off  the  cloak  of  neutrality  and  boldly  avowed  and  defended  the 
principles  of  his  party.  Mr.  Wolford,  being  a  first-class,  practical  printer,  their  paper 
shortly  became  one  of  the  most  popular  and  powerful  in  the  State.  Mr.  Buxton,  how- 
ever, fell  a  victim  to  that  insidious  destroyer,  consumption.  The  Champion  clianged 
hands,  and  Mr.  Wolford  returned  to  Louisville,  Ky.  Messrs.  Armstrong  and  Sewalier 
became  the  proprietors,  and  J.  L.  Marsh  the  printer.  After  conducting  it  about  three 
years  they  sold  it  to  S.  H.  Davis,  who  discontinued  the  Champion  and  began  the  publi- 
cation of  the  Peoria  Register  and  Northtcestern  Gazetteer,  the  first  number  of  which 
appeared  on  April  7,  18.37.  It  was  a  neutral  paper  until  the  campaign  of  1840,  when  it 
became  identified  with  the  Whig  party.  In  1842  the  Messrs.  Butler  purchased  the  es- 
tablishment of  Mr.  Davis  and  commenced  to  publish  the  Peoria  Register,  dropping  a  part 
of  the  former  title,  as  it  had  become  a  political  paper.  It  was  a  zealous  advocate  for 
Henry  Clay  as  a  candidate  for  the  presidency  in  1844.  A  year  later  it  went  into  the 
hands  of  T.  J.  Pickett,  and  was  published  as  the  Weekly  Register.  Some  time  after  Mr. 
Pickett  formed  a  partnership  with  H.  K.  W.  Davis,  a  son  of  the  former  publisher,  and 
they  started,  in  connection  with  the  Register,  a  daily  called  the  Champion.  Their  office 
was  in  the  second  story  of  a  brick  building  on  the  corner  of  Main  Street  and  Printers' 
Alley,  between  Washington  and  Water  Streets.  On  tiie  2t3ih  of  January,  1820,  the 
Main  Street  and  alley  walls  of  the  building  fell,  and,  taking  fire,  was  nearly  destroyed 
before  the  flames  were  extinguished.  Two  men,  William  Pickett,  the  brother  of  the 
proprietor,  and  James  Kirkpatrick,  the  publisher  of  the  Peoria  American,  were  crushed  to 
death  in  the  ruins.  Tiie  former  was  clerking  in  tiie  oflice,  and  lost  his  life  in  an  effort  to 
save  the  books  ;  the  latter  happened  to  be  passing  through  the  alley  at  the  time  and  was 
caught  by  the  falling  wall. 

The  Peoria  Democratic  Press  was  established  by  John  S.  Zieber,  former  publisher  of 
the  People's  Press,  in  Princess  Ann,  Somerset  Co.,  Md.,  who  issued  the  first  number  on 
the  20th  of  Feluuary,  1840.  He  continued  to  pul)lish  it  until  June  1,  1846,  when 
Thomas  Phillips,  former  publisher  of  the  American  Manufacturer,  Pittsburg,  purchased 
it.  Three  years  later  he  sold  it  to  Hon.  Washington  Cockle,  present  postmaster  of  Peoria, 
and  he  became  a  partner  witii  his  brother  in  publishing  the  St.  Louis  Union.  Mr.  Cockle 
continued  to  publish  the  Press  until  the  Fall  of  1851.  He  then  sold  it  to  Mr.  Enoch  P. 
Sloan,  who  conducted  it  until  the  Fall  of  18.">(>,  ])ublisliing  for  the  last  two  years  a 
weekly,  iri-weekly  and  daily,  when  ho  sold  out  to  a  Mr.  Coruwell.     After  a  brief  owner- 


HISTORY  OF  PEORIA  COUNTY.  489 

ship  he  sold  it  to  G.  W.  Raney,  who  had  started  a  rival  paper  named  the  Peoria  Daily 
News.  Ill  the  Winter  of  1857-8  Mr.  Raney's  whole  establishment  was  destroyed  by  fire. 
In  the  Winter  of  1842-3,  the  Legislature  divided  the  State  into  seven  Congressional 
districts,  in  such  a  manner  as  to  form  but  one  Whig  district  —  the  seventh  —  in  the 
State.  The  Whigs  were  much  chagrined  at  this  piece  of  political  maneuvering.  S.  De 
Witt  Drown,  then  working  in  the  printing  office  of  the  Messrs.  Butler,  conceived  the 
idea  of  publishing  a  campaign  sheet,  whose  purpose  would  be  to  burlesque  and  condemn 
the  course  of  the  Legislature  in  the  districting  proceedure.  He  issued  the  first  number 
of  the  paper,  to  which  he  gave  the  significant  title  of  The  Gerrymander,  on  tlie  22d  of 
March,  18-43,  and  continued  it,  illustrating  the  numbers  with  comic  caricatures  represent- 
ing the  shapes  of  the  different  Congressional  districts,  till  the  following  Fall.  Mr.  Drown 
also  published,  in  1844,  the  "  Peoria  Directory,"  a  volume  of  124  pages,  the  first  book 
ever  printed  and  bound  in  Peoria. 

The  Peoria  American  was  started  in  July,  1845,  by  James  Kirkpatrick,  and  it  was 
the  first  paper  in  the  State  to  place  the  name  of  "  Rough  and  Ready  "  at  the  head  of  its 
columns.  He  conducted  it  until  killed  by  the  falling  of  the  building  in  January,  1850, 
before  spoken  of  in  this  article.     The  paper  died  with  its  founder. 

The  Nineteenth  Century,  a  National  Reform  paper,  was  started  by  J.  R.  Watson  and 
D.  D.  Irons,  in  September,  1848,  but  after  publishing  it  a  few  months  they  sold  their 
establisliment  to  Mr.  Kirkpatrick,  and  he  merged  it  into  the  Peoria  American. 

The  Daily  Register  was  the  first  daily  paper  published  in  Peoi'ia.  Pickett  &  Wood- 
cock were  tlie  publishers.  It  was  born  on  the  28th  of  June,  1848,  and  not  being  well 
sustained  it  died  from  hick  of  nourishment  when  three  months  old. 

Messrs.  Pickett  &  Davis,  elsewhere  mentioned  in  this  article,  issued  the  first  number 
of  the  Peoria  Daily  Champion  on  the  loth  of  December,  1849,  from  the  office  of  tlie 
Weekly  Register.  After  their  office  was  destroyed  by  the  falling  of  the  building  and  fire, 
the  mouth  following,  a  few  "  small  pica  "  t3'pes  were  found  in  another  building  used  for 
a  job  office,  and  the  Champion  was  continued  in  a  quarto  form,  half  its  former  size,  by 
Mr.  Davis,  till  the  1st  of  the  following  May.  In  the  meantime  he  had  arranged  to  pur- 
chase the  Peoria  Register,  Mr.  T.  J.  Pickett  having  withdrawn  from  that  firm.  After 
several  unsuccessful  efforts  to  resuscitate  the  Register  and  Champion,  Mr.  Davis  sold  out 
the  material  remaining  from  the  job  office  to  Mr.  Pickett,  and  left  the  city.  Mr.  Pickett 
purchased  a  new  press  and  type,  and  on  June  1, 1850,  issued  the  first  number  of  a  larger 
and  better  paper  than  the  Register,  which  he  named  the  Peoria  Republican.  It  had  a 
much  larger  subscription  and  advertising  patronage  than  any  former  Peoria  paper,  and 
was  well  sustained  as  a  Whig  journal,  locally  and  abroad. 

The  German  Press  of  Peoria. — Ever  since  1835  the  Germans  began  to  settle  in 
Peoria  and  vicinity.  Most  of  the  early  German  settlers  did  not  come  here  directly  from 
Germany,  but  after  tliey  had  resided  at  other  places  in  the  United  States,  principally  at 
St.  Louis  and  Cincinnati.  After  the  revolution  of  1848  the  German  emigration  in- 
creased very  rapidly  and  brought  over  a  very  intelligent  class  and  more  learned  and  pro- 
fessional men  than  at  any  previous  time.  The  abundance  of  talent  seeking  employment 
created  a  boom  for  new  German  newspapers.  The  first  German  newspajjer  in  Peoria 
was  the  Illinois  Banner,  which  was  publislied  and  edited  by  Mr.  A.  Zoby.  It  was  a 
small,  modest  looking  weekly  paper ;  its  first  issue  appeared  on  the  18th  day  of  Februaiy, 
1852,  and  created  a  sensation  in  the  then  small  circle  of  Germans  in  Peoria.  In  1859, 
when  the  Hon.  Edward  Rummel  was  the  proprietor,  the  name  of  the  paper  was  changed 
and  called  Deutsche  Zeitung.  With  the  change  of  the  name  it  also  changed  its  politics 
and  became  an  ardent  advocate  of  the  Republican  party.  The  Germans  then  being 
without  a  Democratic  organ,  caused  A.  Zoby  to  establish  the  daily  and  weekly  Demokrat 
during  the  campaign  of  1860.  He  carried  on  the  business  until  October,  1864,  when  Mr. 
Cremer,  the  present  editor  of  the  paper,  took  charge  of  it.  The  Deutsche  Zeitung  lived 
37 


490  HISTORY  OF  PEORIA  COCNTY. 

until  the  Fall  of  1878.  It  has  been  owned  by  Edward  Fresenius  and  Mr.  R.  Eichen- 
berger,  the  latter  selling  out  to  Messrs.  B.  Cremer  &  Bros.,  causing  a  consolidation  of 
the  two  papers,  and  leaving  the  Demokrat  alone  in  the  field. 

We  miglit  mention  a  few  of  the  German  papers  and  periodicals  that  have  appeared  from 
time  to  time  and  ceased  to  live,  for  instance,  two  lllinoit  Banners,  Volksblatt,  We»tl. 
Blatter,  Courier,  Sonntagshlatt,  and  others.  A  short  time  ago  a  new  German  paper 
called  the  Sun,  was  published  by  Messrs.  Wolf,  Bros.  &  Wolfram.  The  Demokrat  has 
stood  the  test  for  twenty  years,  and  having  jjlenty  of  readers,  a  good  advertising  patron- 
age, and  siiflScient  capital  to  back  it,  will  preserve  the  history  of  the  Germans  of 
Peoria  and  Central  Illinois. 

The  Memento  was  a  monthly  publication  devoted  to  the  interest  of  Odd-Fellowship, 
and  was  started  by  Mr.  N.  C.  Nason  in  August,  1854.  It  was  fii-st  issued  in  pamphlet 
form,  but  afterwards  changed  in  the  last  years  of  its  existence  to  a  quarto.  It  attained 
a  very  fair  circulation  and  was  reasonably  prosperous,  but  the  onerous  and  pressing  du- 
ties of  the  grand  secretarjship  of  the  Order,  wliich  position  Mr.  Nason  then  held  and  now 
holds,  induced  him  to  suspend  the  publication  of  the  Memento  in  1870. 

The  Illinois  Teacher  was  established  in  February,  185."),  and  published  the  first  year 
in  Bloomington,  and  at  the  end  of  the  first  volume  N.  C.  Nason  took  charge  of  it 
and  published  it  til!  1873.  It  was  —  as  its  title  implies  —  devoted  to  educational  matters, 
and  while  managed  by  Mr.  N.  stood  at  the  head  of  the  educational  journals  of  the  West, 
both  in  literary  merit  and  typograpliy.  "  In  1873  it  was  transferred  to  parties  in  Normal, 
Illinois,  and  was  consolidated  with  the  School  Master  and  pulilished  as  the  Illinois  School 
Master  for  two  years,  and  was  then  merged  into  the  Educational  Weekly,  now  published 
in  Chicago." 

The  Christian  Sentinel  was  a  monthly  church  periodical,  published  under  the  aus- 
pices of  tiie  denomination  of  that  name,  and  during  the  years  1857  and  1858  was  printed 
in  Peoria,  by  N.  C.  Nason.  It  was  then  removed  to  Eureka,  Illinois,  where  it  had  a 
brief  existence  and  failed  for  want  of  support. 

The  Peoria  Transcript  was  established  as  a  daily  and  weekly  newspaper  by  N.  C. 
Nason,  one  of  the  leading  job  printers  of  the  city,  who  issued  the  first  number  in  Novem- 
ber, 1855.  The  Transcript  has  been,  from  its  inception,  a  political  pai)er,  and  since  the 
birtli  of  the  Republican  party  has  been  a  staunch,  able  and  fearless  advocate  of  its  jirin- 
ciples.  Mr.  Nason  started  it  as  an  individual  enterprise,  with  tlie  luomise  of  moral  and 
material  sujjport  and  assistance  of  prominent  persons  and  capitalists.  After  conducting 
the  pajier  about  two  months,  and  the  i)romisecl  aid  not  appearing,  Mr.  Nason  thouglitthe 
outlook  not  hopeful,  and  turned  over  his  infant  enterprise  to  ^Ir.  C.  Whittomore,  of  the 
city,  then  as  now,  engaged  in  a  gunsmithing  and  light  jobbing  business.  Mr.  Wliitte- 
more  had  assumed  oliiigations  in  belialf  of  the  concern,  by  tiie  use  of  his  name  im  pajier 
for  material  and  the  current  expenses,  to  tiie  amount  of  .$4,000,  and  was  compelled  to 
take  tlie  property  to  save  himself,  in  the  early  part  of  18.56.  During  his  ownership  he 
never  took  active  charge  of  the  establisliment,  but  continued  in  his  regular  business.  The 
paper  and  office  failed  to  pay  expenses,  and  by  the  latter  part  of  1857,  Mr.  Whittemore, 
having  exhausted  liis  resources,  sold  the  concern  to  J.  G.  Merrill,  a  farmer  living  in  tliis 
county.  Althougii  supposed  to  be  then  in  eu-^y  financial  circunistances,  Mr.  Merrill  was 
unsuccessful  in  his  newspajjer  venture,  and  was  forceil  to  sell  out.  Tlie  property  passed 
into  the  liands  of  Mr.  N.  ('.  Greer,  of  tiie  Waukcgan  Gazette,  who  i)ui)lished  tlie  paper 
until  1800,  when  he  disposed  of  it  to  Messrs.  Enoch  Emery  and  Edward  A.  Andrews. 
After  conducting  it  six  years  jointly,  Mr.  Emery  purcliased  his  partner's  interest  and 
continued  the  business  alone,  until  ISti'.t,  when  a  stoik  company  was  fornu'd,  entitled 
"  The  Peoria  Transcript  (\jnii)any,"  willi  Mr.  ICinery  remaining  at  the  head  of  tiie  concern 
a.s  president  and  general  nnmager.  Tiiis  conipanv  carried  on  tlic  publii'atiou  until  .lanu- 
ary,  18b0,  when   it  was  succeeded  by  u  new  organization,  with  llou.    R.  H.  Whiting  as 


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HISTORY  OP  PEORIA  COUNTY.  491 

president,  R.  A.  Cutler,  treasurer,  and  James  M.  Rice,  secretary.  The  present  stockholders 
are  among  the  wealthiest  business  men  of  the  city.  Under  the  new  arrangement  Mr. 
Emery  resigned  the  general  management  and  devotes  his  attention  solely  to  the  editorial 
department,  which  is  under  his  charge.  Mr.  Emery  is  a  vigorous  and  forcible  writer,  and 
has  made  the  Transcript  a  consistent  and  unwavering  exponent  of  Republican  principles, 
and  has  placed  it  in  the  front  rank  among  the  political  papers  of  Illinois. 

The  establishment  occupies  three  floors  of  the  "  Transcript  Building,"  on  the  corner 
of  Adams  and  Fulton  Streets  ;  and,  besides  the  newspaper  department,  contains  an  exten- 
sive and  finely  equipped  bindery,  and  perhaps  the  largest  and  most  complete  job  office  in 
the  State  outside  of  Chicago. 

The  National  Democrat  was  established  in  Peoria  as  a  daily  and  weekly  pubUcation  on 
September  4, 1865,  by  W.  T.  Dowdall.  It  has  not  missed  an  issue  since  that  date,  and 
is  now  upon  as  sound  a  basis  as  at  any  time  since  its  first  issue.  Its  proprietor  had  for  a 
number  of  3'ears  been  in  the  newspaper  business,  first  on  the  reportorial  staff  of  the 
Cairo  Times  and  Delta,  and  later  as  the  successful  publisher  of  the  Alton  Daily  Democrat, 
Becoming  too  ambitions  for  that  locality  he  sold  his  paper  there  and  came  to  Peoria  in 
search  of  a  wider  field.  He  found  the  Democratic  newspaper  business  in  a  bad  condition 
The  Union  was  established  by^  Geo.  W.  Raney.  It  was  succeeded  by  The  Mail 
which  ran  but  a  short  time  and  brought  The  Star  which  soon  twinkled  out  and  was  fol- 
lowed by  the  Post  as  its  successor,  nor  did  it  stand  long.  They  all  died  for  want  of  suf- 
ficient support,  which  as  is  usual  should  be  attributed  to  a  want  of  ability  in  the  manage- 
ment of  the  papers. 

Mr.  Dowdall  purchased  the  materials  of  the  defunct  Post  and  established  the  Demo- 
crat firmly  upon  the  ruins  of  its  predecessors.  The  result  has  verified  this  fact.  It  has 
ever  since  its  first  issue  been  a  strong,  fearless,  and  radical  advocate  of  Democratic  prin- 
ciples second  to  none  in  the  country.  It  has  never  for  a  moment  deserted  the  party  or 
its  doctrines,  and  is  looked  upon  as  a  consistent  and  safe  guide  for  the  pure  Jeffersonian 
democracy.  The  daily  is  an  eight  column  sheet  26  x  40  inches,  and  is  issued  every  day 
except  Mondays.  The  weekly  is  a  thirty-six  column  paper  containing  the  news  of  the 
week,  general,  local  and  political. 

Connected  with  this  institution  is  a  job  office,  bindery,  and  blank  book  manufactory 
equal  to  any  outside  of  Chicago. 

The  Evening  Revieiv  is  also  published  at  the  same  office  and  by  the  same  editor 
and  proprietor.  It  is  a  four-page  paper,  containing  seven  columns  to  the  page  of  24x36 
inches,  and  is  non-political,  being  devoted  to  the  general  and  local  news  of  the  day. 
The  Review  was  originally  established  by  Sheldon  &  Baldwin.  It  soon  became  an 
incorporated  concern,  the  stock  being  held  by  sundry  citizens.  It  became  involved  in 
financial  difficulties  and  was  sold  by  the  sheriff  on  execution.  Mr.  Thomas  Cratty  pur- 
chased it,  and  associated  with  him  Mr.  Leslie  Robinson  in  its  publication.  It  was  tlien 
a  paper  of  the  same  size  as  the  present -DeTwocrai,  with  daily,  weekly  and  tri-weekly  issues. 
In  January,  1873,  in  order  to  get  rid  of  its  competition,  Col.  Dowdall,  of  the  Democrat, 
and  Mr.  Enoch  Emery,  of  the  Transcript,  bought  out  Messrs.  Cratty  &  Robinson,  intend- 
ing to  close  forever  the  office  and  prevent  such  publication.  To  their  great  surprise,  the 
boys  employed  on  the  paper,  not  liking  the  idea  of  being  thrown  out  of  employment, 
went  to  another  office  in  the  city  and  put  out  an  '■'■Evening  Review,'"  with  the  now  famous 
Bob  Burdette  at  its  head  as  editor.  It  was  a  small  sheet,  but  large  enough  to  displease 
the  proprietors  of  the  Democrat  and  Transcript.  They  took  legal  measures  to  have  it 
suppressed,  but  were  unsuccessful.  It  continued  with  varied  fortune,  passing  from  hand 
to  hand,  without  any  very  satisfactory  signs  of  dying.  Col.  Dowdall  finally  concluded 
it  was  bound  to  live,  and  that  with  good  management  might  become  profitable.  In  June, 
1873,  he  took  it  in  out  of  the  cold,  since  which  time  it  has  not  missed  an  issue.  He  en- 
larged its  size,  and  removed  it  to  his  own  publishing  house,  and  has  managed  it  with  the 


492  HISTORY  OF  PEORIA  COUNTY. 

same  earnestness  and  business  tact  and  ability  which  has  made  the  Democrat  so  success- 
ful. Both  papers  have  come  to  be  recognized  as  among  the  fixed  institutions  of  Central 
Illinois. 

Tlie  publishing  house  is  at  117  Main  Street.  The  building  occupied  is  24x90  feet, 
with  tliree  stories  and  a  basement.  The  basement  is  used  as  the  press-room.  The  first 
floor  contains  the  counting  room,  editorial  rooms  and  jol)  oflSce.  The  second  floor  is  oc- 
cupied by  the  blank  book  manufactory  and  bindery  department,  and  the  third  story  for 
composition. 

The  liouse  in  its  entirety  is  one  of  the  most  perfect,  thorough  and  well-disciplined  in- 
stitutions in  the  West,  and  reflects  great  credit  upon  its  founder  and  proprietor.  He  has 
had  no  partner,  but  has  alone,  by  his  indomitable  will  and  indefatigable  energy  and  per- 
severance, brought  his  business  into  its  present  excellent  condition. 

Colonel  Dowdall  is  now  regarded  as  one  of  the  most  public  spirited  citizens  and  best 
business  men  of  the  place,  never  neglecting  his  own  business,  nor  forgetting  whatever 
pertains  to  the  general  and  public  welfare  of  the  city  and  county. 

The  Peoria  Sun.  —  This  paper  was  first  issued  on  March  2r>,  1871.  It  was  published 
then  by  Elderkin  &  Bissell,  as  an  advertising  paper  solely,  and  was  called  the  Peoria 
Advertiser.  An  edition  of  2, .500  copies  was  distributed  ^gratuitously  each  week  on  all 
railroads  leading  into  Peoria,  to  passengers  in  the  street  cars,  and  in  private  houses, 
proving  a  valuable  medium  through  wiiich  the  business  men  of  this  city  could  advertise 
their  wares  extensively  through  the  State.  In  the  Fall  of  the  same  year  Mr.  Bissell  re- 
tired from  the  firm,  being  succeeded  by  Mr.  Chapman.  The  firm  was  tlien  known  as 
Elderkin  &  Cluipman,  who  continued  together  until  October  4,  1H73,  when  Mr.  Cliap- 
man  retired  and  was  succeeded  by  Mr.  Harry  Reynolds.  The  paper  was  then  doubled  in 
size,  being  enlarged  from  a  four-column  folio  to  a  four-column  quarto,  and  a  subscription 
price  of  81.50  per  year  was  charged.  The  list  rapidly  increased  on  the  subscription  plan, 
as  also  did  the  advertising,  and  on  September  25,  1875,  tlie  paper  was  again  enlarged, 
this  time  to  a  six-column  (juarto,  which  was  again  nearly-  doubling  its  former  size  —  from 
22x32  to  30x44. 

About  tliis  time  Mr.  Reynolds  retired  from  the  firm,  and  tlie  paper  has  been  pub- 
lished by  Elderkin  &  Co.  since  then.  On  the  19th  of  October,  1878,  the  name  was 
changed  to  the  Peoria  Sun,  under  wiiich  name  it  is  still  published.  It  is  edited  as  a  home 
and  family  newspaper,  being  entirely  indejjendent  of  party  control  on  all  political  ques- 
tions, treating  sucli  subjects  as  it  does  all  others —  from  its  own  views  of  riglit  and  wrong, 
fair!}'  antl  witlmut  any  prejudice  against  any  party  or  sect,  as  nearly  as  may  be.  On  the 
19th  of  January,  1880,  R.  E.  Lauren  entered  the  firm,  tlie  name  of  which  was  changed 
to  the  "Sun  Publishing  Company." 

The  Satunhii/  Evening  Call.  —  Tlie  first  number  of  The  Saturday  Evening  Call  was 
issued  .April  7,  1877,  from  rooms  in  the  second  story  of  No.  108  North  Adams  Street. 
The  original  proprietors  of  the  paper  were  S.  R.  lIcndir.son,  J.  D.  Weaver  and  J.  W. 
Clifton,  all  of  Terre  Haute,  Indiana.  The  style  of  the  firm  was,  as  ^t  is  at  jiresent,  S.  R. 
Henderson  &  Co.  In  the  Summer  of  1878  the  publication  oftiee  was  removed  to  its 
present  location,  311  Main  Street.  In  August  of  the  same  year  Mr.  Clifton  sold  his  in- 
terest in  the  paper  to  Mr.  Henderson,  who,  with  the  a,«sistancc  of  Mr.  Weaver,  continues 
to  run  it.  The  Call  was  a  very  notable  success  from  the  beginning,  anil  is  probably  the 
most  profitable  newspaper  property  in  the  city.  It  is  read  by  almost  every  body  who 
reads  at  all,  and  is  universally  liked.  It  is  a  common  remark  that  no  matter  what  other 
paper  or  papers  a  Peorian  takes,  he  also  takes  The  Call.  Each  issue  of  the  paper  con- 
tains forty-eight  columns  of  matter.  A  large  number  of  these  columns  are  devoted  to 
local  and  general  news,  and  editorial  comments  thereon,  but  all  presented  in  the  concis- 
est,  possiiile  manner.  In  this  resj)ect  it  is  a  model.  There  is  never,  in  any  statement 
or  article,  a  line  wasted  or  a  superfluous  word  used.     From  sixteen  to  twenty  columns  of 


BERNARD    CREMER 

PEORIA. 


mk    i" 


S.R. HENDERSON 

PEORIA 


^1 


I         13         lO  A    C3  Kl    [T  C 


HISTORY  OF  PEORIA   COUNTY.  493 

the  paper  are  given  up  to  stories,  poetry,  anecdotes,  and  miscellaneous  articles  on  histori- 
cal, scientific  and  practical  subjects.  It  is  pre-eminently  a  paper  for  the  home  circle  and 
is  rapidly  establishing  itself  as  a  favorite  all  over  the  State.  In  typographical  appearance 
and  in  the  literary  character  and  quality  of  its  contents,  it  has  no  superior  in  the  West. 
It  is  a  Peoria  institution  of  which  Peorians  are  justly  proud. 

The.  Peoria  Journal  was  started  by  J.  B.  Barnes  aud  E.  F.  Baldwin,  who  had  pub- 
lished The  El  Paso  Journal  for  several  years  previous.  In  1877  they  removed  the  office 
to  Peoria,  where  they  established  the  Journal  as  a  weekly.  On  December  3d  of  that 
year  the  first  number  of  the  daily  Journal  appeared,  which  is  the  present  Peoria  Journal. 
The  first  week  its  circulation  was  1,700  copies,  and  it  is  probably  the  only  instance  in 
the  world  of  a  daily  paper  not  only  paying  expenses  but  yielding  a  handsome  profit  from 
the  first  number.  It  has  never  sunk  a  farthing,  but  has  paid  a  fair  profit  every  week 
since  the  first  issue.  Its  circulation  grew  steadily  from  the  start,  and  has  now  reached 
over  4,100  daily.  The  Journal  is  totally  independent  in  politics  and  religion.  It  aims  to 
be  a  newspaper,  and  endeavors  to  lay  before  its  readers  a  perfect  record  of  the  news  of 
the  day  condensed  into  the  smallest  space,  and  its  editorials  are  always  pointed  and  pithy. 
The  terms  are  ten  cents  a  week,  or  twelve  and  a  half  cents  including  the  Sunday  paper. 
It  is  printed  on  a  double  cylinder  Hoe  press,  the  only  one  in  the  State  outside  of  Chicago, 
and  publishes  a  paper  every  day  in  the  year,  not  excepting  National  holidays. 

Messrs.  Barnes  &  Baldwin  issued  the  first  number  of  The  Weekly  Journal  on  the  11th 
of  March,  1880.  It  is  an  eight  page,  forty-eight  column  papei-,  neatly  executed,  and  pur- 
poses to  be  an  independent  family  newspaper,  giving  a  readable  digest  of  the  news  of  the 
week,  with  market  reports,  and  is  furnished  to  subscribers  at  $1.00  per  year. 

The  Pharmaceutical  News  is  a  quarterly  journal  which  has  just  passed  the  second 
number  of  the  second  volume,  having  been  established  in  July,  1878,  and  is  devoted  to 
chemistry,  pharmacy,  medicine  and  surgery.  Dr.  J.  T.  Skinner  was  its  editor  until  his 
death,  since  which  time  Dr.  H.  Steele  has  had  editorial  charge.  It  aims  to  discuss  all 
subjects  pertaining  to  the  interest  of  the  medical  profession,  in  a  vigorous,  progressive 
spirit ;  its  matter  is  chiefly  original,  and  composed  of  contributions  from  physicians  of 
marked  recognized  ability.  Prominent  local  members  of  the  profession  contemplate 
changing  it  from  a  quarterly  to  a  monthly,  and  enlarging  and  improving  it  so  as  to  make 
it  a  representative  medical  journal  of  the  State. 

The  Illinois  Tradesman  and  Manufacturer,  unlike  all  the  other  papers  published  in 
Peoria,  is  a  jobbers',  shippers'  and  manufacturers'  journal.  Its  past  career  has  been  a 
brilliant  one,  started  as  it  was  with  little  or  no  cash  capital,  and  without  even  the  en- 
couragement or  sanction  of  the  merchants  and  manufacturers  of  the  city.  Its  proprietor, 
Mr.  J.  A.  Monger,  a  gentleman  of  extensive  newspaper  training  and  travel,  issued  the 
first  number  September  18,  1879.  During  the  first  six  months  of  its  career  it  attained  a 
circulation  of  5,000  copies  weekly.  In  size  the  paper  is  one  of  the  largest  west  of  New 
York.  It  contains  in  each  and  every  issue  eight  columns  of  trade  reports  and  price 
currents,  and  in  addition  it  furnishes  statistical  information  relative  to  the  various 
branches  of  trade.  It  is  the  largest  American  weekly  journal  of  commerce  published. 
It  contains  also,  as  specialties,  manufacturing  and  industrial  news,  and  discusses  literary 
or  scientific  topics,  and  is  a  valuable  newspaper  for  the  retailer,  wholesaler  and  manufac- 
turer who  desires  to  examine  sources  of  financial  and  commercial  information.  Mr.  Mon- 
ger has  placed  the  paper  in  the  first  rank  of  commercial  journalism.  The  office  of  the 
Illinois  Tradesman  and  Manufacturer  is  located  in  the  Exchange  Block,  opposite  the 
Board  of  Trade,  and  is  rarely  surpassed  for  elegance  or  convenience. 

HISTORY   OF   THE   TEMPERANCE   CATTSE   IN   PEORIA. 

The  first  temperance  movement  was  in  1842.  For  several  months  meetings  were 
held  alfliost  nightly  in  the  Court-house,  at  which  local  speakers  find  occasionally  persons 


494  HISTORY  OF  PEORIA  CQUNTT. 

from  abroad  spoke  on  this  then  comparatively  new  subject.  Large  numbers  signed  the 
pledge,  and  many  hard  drinkers  were  reclaimed  and  lived  and  died  sober  men.  A  society 
was  formed,  called  the  "  Washingtonian  Temperance  Society."  Tiiis  society  remained 
in  existence  until  1846,  when  it  was  merged  into  a  secret  orgaiuifttion  called  the  "Sons 
of  Temperance."  Tiiis  organization  has  been  in  existence  ever  since.  It  is  now  sup- 
planted by  the  '*  Good  Templars,"  a  secret  temperance  organization  of  the  same  charac- 
ter as  the  "Sons  of  Temperance."  In  1851  a  political  movement  was  inaugurated,  having 
for  its  end  the  passage  of  a  prohibitory  law  after  the  plan  of  wliat  is  known  as  the  "  Maine 
Law."  Public  opinion  was  not  prepared  for  suoh  a  movement,  and  consequently  it 
failed.  It  is  useless  to  pass  a  law  against  any  evil  unless  public  opinion  is  educated  to  a 
point  at  which  they  are  willing  to  enforce  the  law.  So  in  this  case,  what  Maine  was 
prepared  to  execute  Illinois  was  not  in  condition  to  pass.  In  1875,  when  the  women's 
crusade  was  inaugurated  in  Ohio,  and  was  sweeping  over  other  Middle  and  Western 
States,  Peoria  felt  its  effects,  and  large  meetings  were  held  in  one  of  our  largest  churches. 
No  permanent  effects  came  from  these  meetings,  unless  it  was  to  educate  the  people  to  a 
higher  plane  and  attract  their  attention  to  the  evil  as  it  existed  in  their  midst. 

In  August,  1877,  a  work  was  commenced  here  by  Capt.  J.  C.  Bontecau,  of  Michigan, 
which  for  extent  and  permanent  good  lias  never  been  equalled  in  this  city  in  the  way  of 
temperance  reform.  He  came  here  an  entire  stranger,  but  having  faith  in  the  righteous- 
ness of  his  cause  and  confidence  in  God,  he  went  fearlessly  to  work,  commencing  in  a 
small  way,  meeting  with  many  discouragements,  j-et  overcoming  them  one  by  one.  The 
interest  increased  until  the  whole  city  was  aroused  on  the  subject  as  it  never  had  been 
before  on  any  moral  question.  No  hall  or  church  would  contain  the  multitude  who  gath- 
ered nightly  to  hear  the  cause  presented  ijy  Mr.  Bontecau,  and  local  speakers.  Thousands 
of  all  classes  signed  the  pledge.  Hundreds  of  moderate  drinkers  and  intemperate  men 
have  reformed  and  after  two  years  of  trial,  most  of  tiiem  stand  firmly  by  tiieir  pledge. 

A  Red  Ribbon  Club  was  formed  of  men,  and  a  Wliite  Ribbon  Club  of  women,  who 
work  harmoniously  together  for  the  good  of  the  cause.  A  large  hall  is  rented  for  tlieir 
use.  During  the  Winter  season  meetings  are  held  almost  nightly.  During  the  entire  year 
Gospel  Temperance  meetings  are  held  every  Sunday  night ;  a  prayer  and  experience  meet- 
ing each  Tuesday  evening,  and  a  regular  business  meeting  every  Tluirsday  evening. 

The  temperance  cause  in  Peoria  never  was  so  strong  or  in  such  encouraging  condition 
as  at  present.  Public  opinion  is  being  educated  to  a  higlier  position  on  the  subject,  and 
the  advocates  of  temperance  never  were  so  active  as  at  this  time. 

MISCELLANEOUS   SOCIETIES. 

Mercantile  Library  Association — In  the  year  1855  two  public  libraries  were  estab- 
lished in  the  city,  tlie  Peoria  Library  an'd  tlie  Peoria  Mercantile  Library,  which  were  con- 
solidated in  November,  1856,  under  the  name  and  title  of  the  Peoria  City  Library.  The 
numlier  of  books  in  the  two  libraries  at  tlie  time  of  the  union  anioiiiited  to  less  tiian  two 
thousand  volumes,  a  considerable  number  of  wliich  were  donations,  but  among  these 
donations  were  embraced  some  of  the  most  rare  and  valuable  books  in  the  Library  at  the 
present  time. 

In  tlie  Spring  of  1865,  through  the  aid  of  our  then  Representative,  the  Hon.  Alex. 
McCoy,  a  charter  was  obtained  from  tlie  Legislature,  and  the  charter  name  of  Peoria 
Mercantile  Lil)rary  Association  assumed.  Under  tlic  charter  a  new  constitution  was 
adojited  anil  a  re-organization  effected  into  two  departments,  a  lilirary  department  and 
an  exchange  department,  each  department  having  a  separate  board  of  directors  and  the 
two  boards  united  forming  one  general  board. 

A  subscription  was  immediattfly  started  to  raise  funds  for  tlie  purchase  of  a  suitable 
property  for  the  Association.     The  late  T.  S.  Bradley,  Esq.,  headed   the  list  with  a  gift 


HISTORY  OF  PEORIA  COUNTY.  495 

of  $1,000  and  was  most  generously  followed  by  public  spirited  citizens  in  like  liberal  pro- 
portion, realizing  in  a  few  weeks  the  very  handsome  sum  of  •$13,262.50. 

With  the  sum  so  raised  the  Association  purchased  of  Mr.  John  L.  Griswold,  for  the 
sum  of  110,000,  the  house  and  lot  on  the  corner  of  Main  and  Jefferson  Streets —  without 
doubt  the  most  convenient  site  in  the  city  —  and  at  once  proceeded  to  fit  up  the  building 
for  its  new  uses.     In  July  of  1865,  the  Library  was  re-opened  in  its  new  quarters. 

The  Library  preserves  with  grateful  recognition  among  its  records  the  names  of  all  its 
benefactors,  from  its  origin  in  1855,  down  to  the  present  time,  and  it  is  interesting  to  read 
how  large  a  number  of  the  best  citizens  have,  at  various  times  aided  with  their  counsels 
and  their  gifts  in  the  growth  and  permanent  establishment  of  the  present  Mercantile 
Library  Association.  But  it  certainly  will  not  be  esteemed  invidious  to  mention  here  the 
name  of  L.  G.  Pratt,  Esq.,  as  the  one  to  whose  excellent  judgment  and  unwearied  zeal 
the  Library  is  indebted  more,  perhaps,  than  to  any  other  one  person,  for  the  success  of 
the  effort  made  in  the  Spring  of  1865. 

The  exchange  department  of  the  Association,  originally  intended  to  provide  a  mer- 
chants' exchange  and  reading-room  —  a  kind  of  open  club  room  —  supplied  with  the 
daily  papers  and  evening  dispatches,  for  the  use  of  the  business  men  of  the  city,  did  not 
receive  the  support  from  the  public  that  had  been  anticipated,  and  after  a  few  3'ears, 
closed  its  rooms  in  the  lower  story  of  the  library  building. 

The  old  Library  building  having  grown  somewhat  hoary  with  age,  and  not  in  keep- 
ing with  the  enterprising  spirit  and  growth  of  the  city,  and,  besides,  not  perfectly  adapted 
to  the  purpose  for  which  it  was  being  used,  it  was  decided  to  remove  it  and  erect  a  more 
sightly,  imposing,  and  convenient  edifice  in  its  place.  Accordingly,  early  in  1878,  the 
old  house  was  torn  away  and  preparations  for  building  the  new  block  immediately  begun 
upon  the  same  site  —  corner  of  Main  and  Jefferson  Streets.  It  was  completed  that  season, 
at  a  cost  of  i30,000,  the  lot  upon  which  it  stands  being  valued  at  $20,000. 

The  Library  building  is  three  stories  high  beside  the  basement,  covers  an  area  of 
112x54  feet.  Its  walls  are  of  brick,  with  pressed-brick  fronts  and  brown  stone  trim- 
mings, forming  a  harmonious  and  beautiful  combination,  i-endering  the  structure  one  of 
the  most  attractive  and  imposing  in  the  city.  It  was  planned  by  W.  H.  Wilcox,  of  Chi- 
cago. The  first  story  is  divided  into  store  rooms,  the  upper  portion  is  divided  into  offices 
and  library  rooms,  tiie  latter  occupying  a  space  of  40x54  feet,  with  the  second  and  third 
stories  thrown  into  one  room.  The  arrangement  of  the  library  and  reading-room  is  very 
convenient,  as  well  as  pleasing. 

The  property  is  owned  by  the  Peoria  Library  Association  and  the  Exchange  Associa- 
tion. But  the  intention  is,  eventually,  to  have  it  belong  entirely  to  the  Library  Associa- 
tion, and  when  the  bonded  indebtedness,  of  which  there  is  a  limited  amount,  is  paid  off, 
the  rentals  will  be  applied  for  the  benefit  of  the  library.  In  the  meantime  it  has  its 
apartment  rent  free. 

The  library  contains  11,000  volumes,  which  are  catalogued,  and  classified  and  ar- 
ranged in  the  following  departments  : 

Science — Social  and  Political  Sciences: — Theology,  philosophy,  jurisprudence,  poli- 
tics, social  science,  and  philology.  Natural  Sciences  and  Useful  Arts: — Mathematics, 
physics,  natural  history,  medicine,  useful  arts. 

Art  : — Fine  arts,  poetry,  prose,  fiction,  literary  miscellany. 

History  : — Geography  and  travels,  civil  history,  biography. 

Appendix  : — Cyclopedias,  periodicals. 

The  present  officers,  for  the  year  1880,  are: 

President,  Washington  Cockle ;  vice-president,  Roswell  Bills ;  treasurer,  N.  N. 
Wheeler ;  secretary,  I.  C.  Hansell.  Directors  of  Exchange  Department,  George  H.  Mc- 
Ilvaine,  A.  P.  Bartlett,  I.  Boyd  Smith,  Samuel  H.  Thompson,  Charles  S.  Clarke,  I.  S. 
Starr,  Robert  C.  Grier.     Directors  of  Library  Department,  E,  S.  Wilcox,  M.  Griswold, 


496  HISTORY  OF  PEORIA  COUXTY. 

I.  C.  Hansel,  I.  Burks,  H.  B.  Rouse,  W.  A.  Beasley.  Mrs.  S.  B.  Armstrong  is  libra- 
rian. 

Neither  the  income  nor  the  membership  is  as  large  as  could  be  wished.  The  advan- 
tages of  access  to  a  large  public  library  are  of  such  a  character  as  to  not  make  themselves 
fully  felt  or  appreciated  by  the  masses.  Only  those  who  have  received  considerable 
culture,  and  in  whom  a  taste  for  reading  is  already  developed,  will  so  prize  its  bene- 
fits as  to  be  willing  to  spare  from  the  ordinary  demands  of  life  the  sum  of  money  neces- 
sary to  meet  the  annual  dues  of  a  subscription  lil)rary.  The  directors  and  friends  of  the 
Peoria  Mercantile  Library  confidently  iiope,  therefore,  that  in  the  near  future  a  tliird  and 
more  permanent  re-organization  of  the  library  will  take  place,  under  the  State  laws  to 
"  Authorize  cities,  incorporated  towns  and  townships  to  establish  and  maintain  Free  Pub- 
lic libraries  and  reading  rooms,"  thus  enabling  the  whole  populace,  as  well  as  the 
sojourning  stranger,  to  come  to  this  fountain  of  knowledge  and  drink,  without  money  and 
without  price. 

Peoria  Law  Library  Association.  —  This  association  was  incorporated  on  January  6, 
1879,  with  a  caj)ital  stock  of  $15,000,  in  shares  of  SlOO  each,  Chauncej'  Nye,  Leslie  Rob- 
ison,  S.  D.  Puterbaugh.  Thomas  Cratty,  and  Lawrence  Harmon,  being  the  incorporators. 
The  first  Board  of  Directors  were  Thomas  Cratty,  Chauncey  Nye,  James  M.  Rice,  S.  D. 
Puterbaugh,  and  Lawrence  Harmon. 

The  object  sought  in  tiie  formation  of  the  association  was  the  economy  and  conven- 
ience of  the  Bench  and  Bar. 

It  is  well  known  to  every  person  conversant  with  the  requirements  of  the  legal  pro- 
fession that  in  order  to  practice  in  the  higher  courts  successfully,  an  attorney  must  have 
access  to  a  large  range  of  legal  literature,  so  large,  indeed,  that  if  he  attempts  to  jjurchase 
all  the  law  books  which  have  a  bearing  upon  the  practice  in  the  courts  of  Illinois,  it 
will  involve  an  amount  of  capital  entirely  beyond  tiie  ability  of  the  lawyer  of  average 
means  to  invest.  The  puljlished  reports  of  every  State  and  Territory  in  the  United 
States,  the  reports  of  England,  Scotland,  Ireland,  and  the  British  Possessions  in  America, 
are  all  considered  essential  to  a  complete  law  library  of  a  thorough  practicing  attorney, 
inasmuch  us  all  these  rej)orts  contain  records  of  pleadings  and  decisions  which  are  liable 
to  have  an  important  bearing  upon  cases  and  decisions  that  may  arise  in  his  practice  in 
the  courts  of  Illinois.  There  are  about  3,000  of  these  published  reports  of  the  courts  of 
the  United  Slates,  anil  some  1,.500  of  the  English  speaking  countrifs  of  Europe,  and 
there  are  not  less  than  70,000  pages  of  reports  being  published  annually.  In  the  year 
1874  there  were  twenty  volumes  published  in  the  countries  subject  to  the  British  crown, 
and  eighty-two  volumes  the  same  year  in  tiiis  country.  These  numbers  have  since  con- 
siderably increased.  These  volumes  range  in  price  from  $1.10  to  SIO  each.  Besides 
the  rcpoits,  the  statutes  and  digests  are  e(juall\-  necessarj-  to  the  legal  practitioner.  Thus 
it  will  appear  that  to  possess  a  full  equipment  of  legal  lore,  siicli  as  every  first-class 
attorney  siiould  have  at  his  command,  will  involve  a  capital  of  •^;]0,000  to  $oO,000.  It 
was  with  a  view  to  obviate  this  immense  outlay,  and  at  the  same  time  supply  this  imper- 
ative want,  that  the  Peoria  Law  Lil)rary  Association  was  organized. 

Of  the  $1'),000  stock  taken,  89.71!t.2.i  has  been  jjaid  in.  Tiie  original  collection  of 
books  consisted  of  the  private  lil)raries  of  such  members  of  the  bar  as  took  stock  in  the 
company.  There  was  thus  taken  in  four  thousand  volumes.  Upon  the  combination  of 
these  private  collections  it  was  found  tliat  there  were  many  instances  of  duplicates,  while 
numerous  vacancies  of  necessary  l)ooks  existed.  The  officers  of  the  society  set  about 
selling,  exchanging,  and  purcliasing  new  books,  so  as  to  dispose  of  duplicates,  and  fill 
vacancies,  and  make  tlir  lil)rary  a  complete  unity.  The  collection  now  contains  ;i,100 
volumes  which  stand  first  in  the  catalogues  of  liooks  needed  liy  the  Bendi  and  Bar.  Of 
these  -,.')00  volumes  are  report,s  representing  every  StAte  antl  Territor}-  in  the  Union  and 
the  District  of  Columbia.     By  an  arrangement  with  dealers,  the  association  is  enabled 


HISTORY  OF  PEORIA  COUNTY.  497 

to  place  upon  their  shelves  all  books  of  reports  and  such  other  law  books  as  are  of  a 
character  to  be  applicable  to  the  practice  in  the  State  of  Illinois,  within  thirty  days  after 
their  issue  from  the  press. 

The  value  of  the  property  owned  by  the  association,  consisting  of  the  library  and 
fixtures,  is  $14,000,  and  there  are  no  claims  held  against  it  by  any  parties  outside  of  the 
stockliolders. 

The  northeast  basement  room  in  the  Court-house  is  occupied  by  the  library,  and  is 
neatly  furnished  and  arranged. 

Tlie  present  Board  of  Directors  are  Thomas  Cratty,  S.  D.  Puterbaugh,  James  M. 
Rice,  John  S.  Stevens,  and  Chauncey  Nye. 

The  officers  of  the  Board  consist  of:  Thomas  Cratty,  president;  S.  D.  Puterbaugh, 
vice-president ;  Chauncey  Nye,  secretary  ;  James  M.  Rice,  treasurer  ;  L.  C.  Pinkney, 
librarian. 

German  Library  Association. — This  association  was  organized  in  1856,  for  the  pur- 
pose of  collecting  and  maintaining  a  library  of  books  in  the  German  language,  for  circula- 
tion among  the  readers  of  that  tongue  in  Peoria.  The  nucleus  of  the  library  was  a  lot  of 
about  too  volumes,  which  originallj"  belonged  to  the  Peoria  Leidercranz,  and  this  stock 
of  books  has  steadily  increased,  by  judicious  selections,  purchased  from  time  to  time, 
until  its  catalogue  now  contains  about  2,000  volumes.  Though  this  number  is  compara- 
tively small,  the  library  is  still  a  good  and  comprehensive  one,  owing  to  the  careful  se- 
lection of  the  works  composing  it.  The  annual  subscription  is  $3 ;  the  books  are  much 
sought  after,  and  fill  a  recognized  want  in  the  communit}'.  The  association  was  incorpo- 
rated under  private  act  in  1861,  and  in  1876  the  charge  of  the  books  was  turned  over  to 
the  German  School  Association,  in  whose  building  they  had  for  some  j'ears  been  kept, 
with  the  proviso  that  should  that  association  ever  dissolve,  the  books  should  revert  to  the 
original  Library  Association.  Its  affairs  are  at  present  managed  by  the  following  com- 
mittee: Dr.  Fred.  Brendell,  Dr.  R.  Roskoten,  and  Carl  Gillig.  The  librarian  is  Mr. 
Christian  Zimmerman,  who  attends  the  library  in  the  German  school  on  Second  Street, 
from  7  to  9  o'clock  every  Wednesda}^  evening. 

The  Peoria  Bar  Association. —  In  pursuance  of  a  notice  through  the  newspapers,  the 
attorne3'S  of  the  city  of  Peoria  met  in  the  Law  Library  rooms  at  the  Court-house  on  the 
10th  of  November,  1879.  The  object  was  to  consider  the  advisability  of  forming  a  Bar 
Association.  The  meeting  was  well  attended.  James  M.  Rice  was  made  chairman, 
and  a  committee  of  five  was  appointed  to  draft  a  plan  of  organization  and  report  at  an 
adjourned  meeting  on  tlie  18th  following.  This  committee  consisted  of  James  M.  Rice, 
Thomas  Cratty,  David  McCuUoch,  Chauncey  Nye  and  Leslie  Robison. 

On  the  18th  of  November  the  committee  reported  a  plan,  a  constitution  was  adop- 
ted, the  association  regularly  organized,  and  the  following  officers  elected  for  the  ensuing 
j^ear  :  President,  David  McCulloch  ;  first  vice-president,  J.  K.  Cooper  ;  second  vice-pres- 
ident, S.  D.  Puterbaugh  ;  secretary,  Henrj-  C.  Fuller;  treasurer,  Thomas  Cratty. 

The  objects  of  the  association  are  expressed  in  the  constitution:  "To  cultivate  the 
science  of  jurisprudence;  to  promote  reform  in  the  law;  to  facilitate  the  administration 
of  justice ;  to  elevate  the  standard  of  integrity,  honor  and  courtesy  in  the  legal  profes- 
sion ;  to  encourage  a  thorough  and  liberal  legal  education,  and  to  cherish  a  spirit  of 
brotherhood  among  the  members  thereof." 

There  are  five  standing  committees:  1.  Executive.  2.  On  grievances.  3.  Admis- 
sions.    4.  Law  Reform.     5.  Legal  Biography  and  History. 

The  meetings  are  Iield  at  the  Court-house  on  the  evening  of  the  second  Tuesday  of 
each  month.  The  exercises  consist  of  addresses,  debates,  discussions  of  questions  of  law, 
moot  courts,  etc.     The  attendance  is  good  and  the  association  prosperous. 

Peoria  Scientific  Association. — This  association  was  organized  April  17,  1875.  Its 
object,  as  declared  iq  its  constitution,  is  "  to  increase  the  knowledge  of  science  among 


498  HISTORY  OF  PEORIA  COUNTY. 

its  members,  and  awaken  a  spirit  of  scientific  investifjation  among  the  people."  Its  reg- 
ular meeting  is  held  on  the  first  Thursday  evening  in  each  month.  By  the  kindness  of 
the  Board  of  Supervisors,  it  occupies  rooms  in  the  Court-house.  Its  work  is  carried  on 
through  sections.  Those  at  present  organized  are  the  Botanical,  Entomological  and 
Microscopical,  Geological  and  Paleontological,  Zoological,  Archa;ological  and  Historical. 

Its  museum  contains  a  collection  of  all  the  flora  of  the  region  of  Peoria,  and  many  of 
the  plants  of  other  sections,  comprising  over  :i  thousand  species  ;  one  hundred  and  twen- 
ty-five of  the  mollusca  of  the  Illinois  river  :  several  hundred  stone  axes  and  other  imple- 
ments of  the  Mound  Builders,  and  many  specimens  illustrative  of  the  zoology,  geology  and 
paleontology  of  Peoria  county.  Its  collection  of  coleoptera  is  probably  the  finest  in  the 
State. 

The  herbarium  of  the  society  is  a  donation  from  Drs.  J.  T.  Stewart  and  F.  Brendel. 
Its  collection  of  shells  is  the  gift  of  Dr.  Brendel.    Its  archieological  sjjecimens  have  been 

collected  Ijy  Mr. Moon.     The  geological  and  zoological   cabinets  were  donated 

by  Mr.  Sydney  Pulsifer.  The  case  devoted  to  entomology  is  the  donation  of  Miss  Emma 
Smith.  Tlie  society  is  indebted  to  many  friends  for  other  donations  to  its  collection.  It 
is  under  special  obligations  to  Miss  Smith  and  Dr.  Brendel,  who  in  addition  to  their  other 
contributions,  have  given  a  very  large  part  of  their  time  to  the  work  of  collecting  and 
classifying  its  specimens. 

The  officers  of  the  association  are  as  follows  :  S.  II.  White,  president ;  Dr.  J.  T. 
Stewart,  John  X.  Wilson,  J.  F.  King,  vice-presidents  ;  Mrs.  Clara  P.  Bourland,  secre- 
tary ;  Miss  Emma  Smith,  corresponding  secretary ;  W.  F.  Bryan,  treasurer  ;  Dr.  F. 
Brendel,  curator  and  lilirarlan. 

Tlie  chairmen  of  the  different  sections  are :  Dr.  .1.  T.  Stewart,  botanical ;  Miss 
Emma  Smith,  entomological  and  microscopical ;  Wm.  Gifferd,  geological  and  paleonto- 
logical ;  Dr.  F.  Brendel,  zoological ;  B.  L.  T.  Bourland,  archaeological ;  E.  S.  Wilcox, 
historical. 

The  Peoria  Ladiet  Art  Society. — This  society  was  organized  on  the  12th  day  of 
June,  1878,  at  the  office  of  Mrs.  Emery,  in  the  Transcript  building,  five  ladies  being  pre- 
sent at  the  meeting.  The  constitution  of  tlie  society  w.is  then  adopted,  declaring  its 
fundamental  objects  to  be  "  to  promote  Art  culture,  and  to  develop  a  taste  for  the  decor- 
ation and  ailornment  of  home."  Officers  were  elected,  by-laws  adopted,  and  the  society 
put  into  full  working  order  by  these  five  ladies.  Semi-monthly  meetings  of  the  society 
have  lieen  regularly  held  since  its  organization,  with  constantly  increasing  interest,  and 
(it  is  believed)  profit  to  tlie  members.  The  mcral)ersliip  now  amounts  to  twenty  ladies. 
Gentlemen  may,  under  certain  conditions,  become  honorary  members,  and  have  all  the 
privileges  of  regular  members,  except  voting  or  holding  office. 

The  society's  rooms,  corner  of  Madison  and  Main  Streets  (Spurck's  building,  third 
floor),  are  well  adapted  to  the  present  needs  of  tlie  society,  and  are  fitted  up  with  the 
simj)licity  and  elegance  of  true  Art.  Here  may  already  be  found  quite  a  number  of  real 
art  gems,  and  tlic  student  of  art,  if  desirous,  will  be  freely  arcorded  the  ]>rivilege  to  work 
or  study.  The  members  are  all  "  Students  of  Art,"  not  in  idea  only,  but  in  fact,  ami  the 
meetings  at  the  rooms  are  for  the  purpose  of  comparing  and  interchanging  the  results  of 
work  and  study,  as  well  as  to  attend  to  matters  pertaining  to  tlie  external  affairs  of  the 
organization. 

At  the  present  time  and  for  some  months  past,  the  subject  of  study  has  been  the 
"  History  of  Art."  This  will  he  followed  by  (ho  special  study  of  arcliiteclure,  its  orders, 
stjdes  and  history  in  the  different  countries  and  ages  —  this  by  sculpture,  and  lastly  by 
painting,  with  a  similar  scope  of  inquiry.  So  it  will  be  seen  that  although  the  society  is 
small,  it  hivs  laid  out  a  large  field  for  years  of  study,  in  directions  which  can  not  fail  to  be 
beneficial  in  a  very  high  degree  to  the  members,  and  to  the  whole  community  in  which 


HISTORY  OF  PEORIA  COUNTY.  499 

they  dwell.  The  society  is  self-sustaining,  and  incurs  no  liabilities  which  are  not  con- 
veniently and  promptly  met  by  the  regular  membership  fees  and  contributions. 

At  the  beginning  of  1879  the  society  resolved  to  make  the  trial  of  a  Loan  Exhibition 
of  Art.  The  appeal  to  the  public  was  responded  to  so  heartily  as  to  leave  no  reasonable 
doubt  that  such  an  exhibition  would  succeed.  It  was  tried,  and  the  success,  both  in  the 
character  of  the  exhibition,  the  attendance,  and  financial  results,  were  greater  than  the 
most  sanguine  member  anticipated. 

So  much  for  a  slight  sketch  of  the  organization,  objects  and  progress  of  this  still  very 
young  and  small  society.  It  is  not  supposed  that  any  thing  more  than  a  beginning  has 
yet  been  made,  but  the  members  have  "  abiding  faith." 

The  annual  meeting  of  tlie  society  is  held  on  the  first  Thursday  of  June,  and  the 
regular  meetings  on  the  first  and  third  Thursdays  of  each  month.  The  present  officers  of 
the  society  are  president,  Mrs.  Clara  P.  Bourland  ;  vice-presidents,  Mrs.  Mary  Whiteside 
Emery  and  Mrs.  Sarah  B.  Armstrong ;  treasurer,  Mrs.  Mary  McClure  ;  recording  secre- 
tary. Miss  Alice  M.  Dodge ;  corresponding  secretary.  Miss  Jennie  S.  Stone ;  directors, 
Mrs.  Howard  Knowles,  M"rs.  R.  A.  Cutter,  Mrs.  J.  T.  Skinner,  Mrs.  Geo.  W.  Rouse,  Miss 
Annie  Kulder.  and  Miss  Minnie  Bills.  Non-official  members,  Mrs.  E.  D.  Hamlin,  Mrs. 
J.  H.  Francis,  Mrs.  John  Birks,  Mrs.  D.  Miller,  Mrs.  L.  Griswold,  Miss  Mary  Bestor, 
Mrs.  White,  Mrs.  Mary  Petherbridge,  Miss  Emily  Smith. 

Peoria  Grerman  School  Association. —  At  a  specially  convened  meeting  of  some  of  the 
prominent  German  speaking  citizens  of  Peoria,  held  March  21,  1862,  the  idea  of  founding 
this  association,  for  the  purpose  of  maintaining  a  school  or  schools  for  the  teaching  of  the 
German  language,  was  broached,  and  received  with  such  favor,  that  $600  was  at  once 
subscribed  to  aid  in  its  execution.  The  association  was  formally  organized  April  11,  of 
that  year,  and  nine  directors  elected,  viz.  —  Dr.  Brendel,  Charles  Feinse,  Louis  Green, 
F.  Schwab,  Adam  Lucas,  A.  L.  Matthies,  Robert  Strehlow,  H.  N.  Peterson,  Theo. 
Pfeiffer,  Valentine  Jobst,  Otto  Treibel,  Henry  Balder,  and  John  Lutz,  with  power  to 
take  such  steps  as  they  might  deem  necessary  towards  the  establishment  of  such  a  school. 
Two  days  thereafter  the  directors  met  and  organized  by  electing  Charles  Feinse,  presi- 
dent ;  Henry  Baier,  secretary,  and  Louis  Green,  treasurer.  At  this  meeting  teachers 
were  selected,  and  in  the  latter  part  of  the  same  month  the  school  was  opened  in  Bergen's 
hall,  on  South  Washington  Street.  During  its  first  term  it  was  attended  by  12.3  scholars. 
It  may  here  be  stated  that  the  first  German  school  in  Peoria  was  opened  and  taught  by 
Mr.  Ruppelius  in  the  year  1850,  and  in  the  year  following  several  small  schools  sprang 
into  existence.  In  April  1863  the  association  bought  the  lot  on  Second  Street  now  oc- 
cupied by  their  school,  at  a  cost  of  $1,160,  and  shortly  afterwards  took  steps  for  the 
erection  of  a  building  upon  it.  The  contract  for  the  same  was  let  to  Mr.  Joseph  Miller, 
for  $-1,698.14,  and  it  cost  when  finished  about  $5,000.  The  corner-stone  was  laid  August 
6,  1863,  and  the  building  was  opened  and  dedicated  November  16.  of  the  same  year,  with 
appropriate  ceremonies,  the  day  being  wound  up  with  a  grand  ball  in  Parmley's  hall, 
which  netted  the  association  the  handsome  sum  of  $416.  It  is  located  on  Second  Street, 
between  Franklin  and  Monson,  is  of  brick  with  stone  trimmings ;  has  four  large  rooms, 
and  is  capable  of  accommodating  easily  about  400  children.  When  the  erection  of  the 
school  was  determined  upon,  the  association  issued  stock  in  $25  shares,  to  the  amount  of 
$4,000,  bearing  interest  at  the  rate  of  6  per  cent,  and  secured  by  mortgage  on  the  build- 
ing. These  shares  were  eagerly  taken,  and  were  retired  and  paid  by  lot,  whenever  the 
funds  of  the  association  permitted,  and  in  March,  1866,  all  except  five  had  been  tlius  dis- 
posed of.  On  February  16,  1865,  the  association  was  incorporated  under  a  special  act  of 
the  Twenty-fourth  General  Asseraby  of  the  State  of  Illinois,  in  the  names  of  Charles 
Feinse,  Henry  Baier,  Louis  Green,  Frederick  Brendel,  Frederick  Schwab,  Herman 
Peterson,  Adam  Lucas,  Adolph  L.  Matthies,  Theo.  Pfeifi"er,  Val.  Gradinger,  Ernst 
Violand,  Frederick  Beckman,  and  Joseph  Studer,  which  act  exempted  from  taxation  the 


500  HISTORY  OF  PEORIA  COUNTY. 

property  of  the  association  to  the  amount  of  $100,000.  The  present  attendance  at  the 
school  is  about  seventy-five  children,  who  are  instructed  b}'  two  teachers,  one  male  and 
one  female.  The  cost  of  tuition  is  very  moderate  and  quite  1-5  per  cent,  of  the  children 
are  taught  gratis. 

In  1876  the  German  Library  Association  turned  over  its  collection  of  books  in  the 
German  language  to  this  association,  whicli  has  since  continued  to  superintend  their  cir- 
culation, and  care  for  those  not  in  use  in  their  school  building.  The  present  officers  of 
the  association  are,  president,  Valentine  Jobst ;  secretary,  A.  L.  Schimpff ;  treasurer,  F. 
D.  Weinnett. 

German  School  Association  of  North  Peoria. —  Tiiis  association  was  organized  in  June, 
187.^,  by  some  of  the  German  speaking  residents  of  North  Peoria,  who  recognized  the 
need  of  a  German  school  in  that  division  of  the  cit}-.  Its  first  officers  were,  president, 
Hubert  Felrath  ;  vice-president,  (Jscar  Furst ;  secretary,  Robert  Becker ;  treasurer,  A.  B. 
Rossmassler;  trustees,  Jacob  Schneider,  Otto  Triebel,  Rudolph  Eichenberger.  Immedi- 
atelv  after  organization  steps  were  taken  to  have  the  association  incorporated  under 
charter  from  the  State,  and  which  incorporation  was  duly  effected.  In  order  to  provide 
a  school-house  stock  was  issued  to  the  amount  of  $1,000  without  interest,  and  with  the 
funds  thus  olitained  a  school-house  was  erected  at  1028  North  Monroe  Street,  at  a  total 
cost  of  $1,400,  including  lot.  During  the  first  term  there  was  an  average  attendance  of 
fifty -five  scholars.  In  December,  1879,  the  school  building  was  moved  to  a  lot  acquired 
by  the  association  at  a  cost  of  S700,  on  the  corner  of  Wayne  and  North  Washington 
Streets,  where  it  is  pleasantly  located.  Tliis  move  was  made  for  the  purpose  of  bringing 
the  school  nearer  to  the  more  populous  part  of  the  North  division  of  the  city,  and  the 
beneficial  effect  of  which  is  shown  by  the  increased  attendance,  which,  previous  to  the 
removal,  liad  fallen  to  about  thirty-five,  but  has  now  risen  to  upwards  of  fift}'.  The 
school  is  only  intended  for  primary  education,  and  to  ground  the  children  in  the  German 
language,  after  which  they  are  sent  to  the  public  schools.  Many  poor  children  are 
educated  free  of  charge.  The  present  officers  of  the  association  are,  president,  Jacob 
Schneider;  vice-president,  Cliristian  Frache ;  secretary,  Robert  Becker;  treasurer, 
William  Zuidel ;  teacher,  Adolph  Splitoesser ;  trustees,  Oscar  Fui-st,  Charles  Polster,  and 
Conrad  Seipel.     Regular  meetings  are  held  on  first  Thursdays  in  June  and  December. 

Standard  Littrary  and  Social  Association. — Tliis  associntion  was  organized  for  the 
purpose  of  mental  culture  and  social  intercourse,  by  some  of  the  most  prominent  Hebrew 
gentlemen  in  the  city,  an<l  was  incorporated  under  charter  from  the  State  of  Illinois  in 
Marcii,  1874.  The  association  owns  a  fine  hall  on  Soutii  .\<lams  Street  ;  where  its  enter- 
tainments are  held.  These  are  given  principally  in  the  Winter  months,  and  consist  of 
amateur  theatricals,  musical,  literary,  and  terpsichorean  exercises,  to  which  none  are 
adniitteil  but  members  and  their  friends,  The  annual  busine.ss  meetings  of  the  society 
are  held  on  January  1,  in  each  year,  at  which  tiie  officers  and  tiustees  are  elected. 
Those  now  in  office  are,  president,  Henry  Ullman  ;  vice-[)resideiit,  L.  Ballenberg;  secre- 
tary, L.  Loewenthal ;  trustees,  Samuel  Woolner,  Joseph  Axman,  James  Loucheir,  M. 
Salzenstein,  J.  Schradzki,  David  Ullman,  and  Max  Newman. 

Parish's  Business  College  and  Telegraphic  Institute.  —  Mr.    A.   S.  Parish  has  for  the 

[mst  four  years  conducted  tliis  enterprise,  and  has  at  length,  by  thoughtful  attention  to 
)usiness  and  the  expenditure  of  considerable  money,  brouglit  its  system  of  instruction  to 
a  point  of  perfection,  creditai)le  alike  to  liiinself  and  to  tlie  county  from  wiiicli  his  pupils 
are  drawn.  The  college  wixs  establisiied  in  January,  18G."),  and  luis  been  in  steady  oi)era- 
tion  ever  since.  It  is  at  present  located  at  114  and  116  S.  Adams  Street,  and  occupies 
the  entire  third  floor,  which  has  been  arranged  especially  for  its  needs  and  uses.  The 
a.s8embly  room  is  covered  with  matting,  neat  black  walnut  desks  grace  the  interior,  and 
here  some  hundreds  of  students  can  be  seen  at  work  any  day.  The  cunicuhim  com- 
prises i|  thorough  course   of  double  and  singly  entry  book-keeping,  couimercial  corre- 


HISTORY  OF  PEORIA  COUNTY  501, 

spondence,  penmanship,  commercial  arithmetic,  partnership  settlements  and  commercial 
law,  and  in  tlie  academic  department  instruction  in  the  English  branches,  spelling,  arith- 
metic, writing,  etc.  Telegraphing  and  short  hand  are  also  taught,  and  nothing  is  wanting 
whicli  would  tend  to  make  the  instruction  in  the  commercial  department  practical  in  the 
highest  degree.  From  "200  to  250  students  pass  through  the  college  annually,  and  about 
10  per  cent,  of  them  are  young  ladies. 

Peoria  Choral  Union.  —  This  society,  although  not  the  oldest  musical  association  in 
Peoria,  is  undoubtedly  the  most  ambitious,  and  has  done  the  most  towards  the  elevation 
of  the  musical  taste  of  its  residents.  It  was  organized  about  four  3'ears  ago  by  Prof.  S. 
L.  Fish,  and  its  first  officers  were  :  President,  Dr.  N.  K.  Beasley  ;  secretary,  M.  H.  Hew- 
ett ;  treasurer,  Chas.  H.  Kellogg  ;  conductor.  Prof.  Fish.  Its  meetings  were  at  first  held 
in  the  parlor  of  Second  Presbyterian  church,  and  for  the  three  past  winters  in  the  par- 
lors of  the  Congregational  church.  The  membership  is  composed  almost  entirely  of 
American  ladies  and  gentlemen,  and  contains  much  musical  talent.  Since  its  organiza- 
tion the  society  has  produced  at  its  concerts  Mozart's  Twelltli  Mass,  The  Creation,  Dud- 
ley Buck's  Forty-sixth  Psalm,  and  in  tiie  way  of  cantatas.  The  Haymakers,  Erl  King's 
Daughter,  Trial  by  Jur}',  Queen  Esther,  and  the  Doctor  of  Alcantara.  The  society  is  at 
present  at  work  upon  Elijah,  and  a  careful  rendition  of  that  noble  oratorio  will  doubtless 
soon  be  publicly  given.  The  present  officers  are  :  President,  C.  H.  Kellogg  ;  vice  j^resi- 
dent,  M.  H.  Hewett ;  financial  secretary,  F.  S.  Tucker ;  recording  secretary.  Miss  Ida 
Stowell ;  treasurer,  Geo.  C.  Clark  ;  conductor.  Prof.  E.  H.  Plowe ;  librarian,  H.  C. 
Plowe.  The  singing  season  extends  over  eight  months  of  the  year,  and  practice  meet- 
ings are  held  every  Monday  evening  from  September  to  June.  The  membership  is  at 
present  about  100,  the  society  possesses  a  fine  lot  of  music,  and  is  in  a  prosperous  condi- 
tion, both  musically  and  financially. 

Concordia  Singing  Society.  —  This  society  has  been  in  existence  for  nearly  25  years, 
and  is  composed  exclusively  of  Germans.  The  music  sung  is  principally  German,  part 
songs  and  glees,  and  a  concert  is  generally  given  every  year.  The  voices  are  all  male. 
At  the  present  time  the  officers  of  the  society  are  :  President,  Christian  Gentes  ;  vice 
president,  Anton  Kiefer  ;  secretary,  H.  M.  Kiefer  ;  treasurer,  Henry  Minchhoff ;  librarian, 
Fridolin  Widinger ;  musical  director,  Chas.  Rolff. 

Harmonie  Singing  Society  has  been  established  about  a  year,  and  is  composed  of 
mixed  voices.  Their  attention  is  principally  turned  to  German  four  part  songs,  and  the 
"  Glocke  "  by  Romberg  has  been  recently  practiced  with  a  view  to  a  public  performance 
of  it  in  the  near  future.  The  present  officers  are:  President,  Simon  Trefzger ;  vice 
president,  Martin  Buhler ;  secretary,  Henry  Triebel ;  treasurer,  C.  F.  Lehne  ;  conductor, 
Prof.  C.  Trautvetter.  Meetings  are  held  at  Harmonie  Hall  on  S.  Adams  Street  on  the 
Tuesday  and  Friday  evenings  of  each  week. 

Virgil  Conservatory  of  Music  is  situated  on  S.  Adams  Street,  Nos.  213  to  219,  and  is 
the  onl}'  school  of  music  in  the  city.  It  was  established  September  8,  1879,  and  has  been 
well  attended  in  the  past  terms.  It  has  at  present  140  pupils,  about  twenty  per  cent,  of 
whom  are  males.  The  conservatory  is  under  the  direct  supervision  of  Mr.  A.  K.  Virgil, 
formerly  of  the  Burlington  Conservatory  of  Music,  and  has  a  staff  of  seven  teachers. 
Instruction  is  given  upon  the  piano,  organ,  violin  and  other  orchestral  instruments,  the 
cornet,  and  all  other  band  instruments,  the  guitar,  and  also  in  elocution,  German  and 
Italian.  The  teaching  is  of  the  most  thorough  and  practical  kind,  and  the  recognition  of 
the  usefulness  of  such  a  school,  is  evidenced  by  the  large  and  steadily  increasing  attend- 
ance. 

Spencer's  1th  Regiment  Band.  —  This  band  was  organized  in  1863,  and  has  sixteen 
members.  Prof.  D.  M.  Spencer  is  director.  A  first-class  orchestra  is  connected  with  the 
band. 

National  Guards  Band  was  organized  about  three  years  ago  by  Prof.  C.  Trauvetter, 


502  HISTORY  OF  PEORIA  COUNTY. 

who  is  still  its  conductor  and  business  manager.  It  consists  of  12  pieces  and  has 
an  excellent  string  band  in  connection  with  it.  Its  headquarters  are  at  123  S.  Je£ferson 
Street. 

Peoria  Boat  Club.  —  The  association  known  as  the  Peoria  Boat  Club,  was  organized 
May  18,  1875.  The  object  of  the  association  was  for  instruction  and  improvement  in, 
and  enjoyment  of  the  art  of  rowing  and  the  cultivation  of  a  friendly  feeling  in  all  who 
participate  in  this  amusement  and  exercise. 

The  gentlemen  present  at  first  meeting  were  G.  I.  Gregg,  P.  C.  Wheeler,  Ed.  Pulsi- 
fer,  Ferd  Lothy,  Henry  Simoneau,  W.  H.  Bartlett,  S.  C.  Bartlett,  W.  L.  Green,  Jr.,  J. 
R.  Conway,  Jno.  Birks,  H.  H.  Miller,  F.  G.  Martin,  W.  F.  Bryan.  Jr.,  H.  Knowles.  The 
credit  is  due  these  gentlemen  for  having  organized  a  club,  which  has  many  times  reflected 
honor  upon  them,  and  one  in  which  the  citizens  at  large  take  a  just  pride.  At  the  first 
regular  meeting,  held  June  5, 1875,  the  following  oflBcers  were  elected  :  P.  C.  Wheeler, 
president ;  G.  I.  Gregg,  vice-president ;  H.  Knowles,  secretary  and  treasurer ;  H.  C. 
Townsend,  captain  ;  Ed.  Pulsifer,  coxswain  ;  S.  Kilduff,  vice-coxswain.  At  this  meet- 
ing a  Constitution  and  By-Laws  were  adopted,  the  most  important  features  of  which 
were  the  fixing  the  initiation  fee  at  $25.00  and  dues  one  dollar  per  month,  also  limiting  the 
membership  to  amateurs.  For  a  boat  house,  was  rented  the  old  brick  building  on  the 
river  bank,  at  the  foot  of  Gay  Street ;  it  was  formerly  used  as  a  soap  factory.  Since  then 
the  club  has  outgrown  the  old  quarters,  and  it  now  owns  a  building  built  expressly  for 
the  purpose,  at  a  cost  of  $700.  It  is  situated  at  the  foot  of  Fayette  Street ;  is  one  story 
in  height,  60  by  30  feet  in  dimensions,  has  a  storage  capacity  of  20  boats,  is  well  supplied 
with  bath-rooms  and  lockers,  and  is  altogether  as  convenient  as  any  thing  in  the  North  or 
West.  The  first  boats  were  purchased  in  August  of  1875,  and  consisted  of  a  six-oared 
barge  cedar,  a  single  and  four-oared  gig,  both  wooden.  On  May  9,  1876,  the  ladies  of 
the  Bachelor  Club,  at  an  entertainment  given  by  the  Amateurs  in  Rouse's  Hall,  pre- 
sented the  P.  B.  C.  with  its  colors.  Tliis  was  an  event  which  will  always  be  remembered 
with  pleasure  by  the  members.  The  ladies  of  Peoria  have  ever  taken  a  kindly  interest 
in  the  club,  and  by  their  presence  and  encouragement  have  helped  many  a  crew  to  row 
a  "  winning  race."  On  July  4,  1876,  under  the  auspices  of  the  P.  B.  C,  a  regatta  was 
given  on  Peoria  Lake,  the  first  one  ever  held  here.  It  was  participated  in  by  boating 
men  from  Chicago,  Burlington,  Moline,  Hannibal,  Mo.,  and  Peru,  Ills.  It  attracted 
quite  a  crowd  and  served,  as  intended,  to  awaken  the  boating  interest  throughout  the 
city.  Since  ti:at  time  the  citizensof  Peoria  have  always contril>uted  liberally  and  promptly 
to  any  scheme  which  the  club  has  presented.  On  the  5th  of  July  crews  were  sent  to  the 
Burlington,  la.,  regatta.  Althouc:h  the  club  captured  no  fii-st  jirizes,  it  did  creditabh* 
when  it  is  taken  into  consideration  that  rowing  in  a  shell  boat  is  a  science,  and  to  attain 
any  degree  of  proficiency,  requires  time  and  practice.  June  2,  1877,  the  new  boat  house 
was  completed.  During  the  Summer  of  '77  Peoria  Lake  was  the  scene  of  many  a  lively 
contest,  and  altiiougli  no  regattas  were  held,  the  l)oating  interest  was  kept  up  and  practice 
which  we  greatly  needed  was  attaiiKMl.  On  November  .'id  of  tills  year  the  club  joined 
tlie  M.  V.  A.  K.  A.,  tiiis  was  an  important  event  in  tiie  history  of  the  P.  B.  C,  as  by  so 
doing  it  placed  itself  in  competition  with  the  best  oarsmen  in  the  Mississippi  Valley,  as 
the  Association  is  made  up  of  them,  and  to  win  a  prize  at  one  of  the  ^I.  V.  A.  R.  A. 
Regattas  means  "  blood." 

The  first  one  given  l)y  tiie  association  was  held  on  Peoria  Lake,  Juno  10  and  20, 
1878.  It  was  participated  in  by  eight  clubs,  all  of  them  older  organizations  than  the  P. 
B.  C,  but  notwithstanding  this,  the  club  won  first  prize  for  six-oared  barges,  first  prize 
for  four-oared  gigs,  and  came  in  second  in  the  race  for  junior  four-oared;  tliere  were  six 
entries  in  this  race.  In  July  of  the  same  year  tlie  club  was  represented  in  the  Keokuk 
regatta.     There  were  four  clubs  represented  in  this  affair,  Peoria  "  walked  off"  with  first 


HISTORY  OP  PEORIA  COUNTY.  508 

prize  for  six-oared  barges,  first  prize  for  four-oared  gigs,  and  last  but  not  least,  first  prize 
for  tub  race. 

One  requirement  is  necessar}-  for  a  person  to  become  a  member,  and  that  is,  that  the 
applicant  should  be  a  gentleman.  This  is  imperative,  and  owing  to  this  wise  policy  the 
club  has  become  the  leading  social  organization  of  the  city.  Its  annual  party  is  looked 
upon  as  one  of  the  leading  social  events  of  the  season.  The  club  was  represented  at  the 
annual  M.  V.  A.  R.  A.  regatta,  held  at  Keokuk,  July  15,  16,  and  17,  1879.  This  was 
attended  by  seventeen  clubs.  The  P.  B.  C.  carried  off  first  prize  junior  four-oared,  first 
prize  junior  single,  first  prize  four-oared  gigs.  So  in  the  two  M.  V.  A.  R.  A.  regattas,  the 
Peoria  Boat  Club  has  won  five  first  prizes.  This  is  a  splendid  record  for  any  club.  At 
the  last  meeting  the  secretary  reported  sixty-four  active  members,  and  five  honorary 
ones  ;  the  club  out  of  debt,  and  owning  between  two  and  three  thousand  dollars'  worth 
of  property,  together  with  a  boat-house  worth,  with  added  improvements,  $1,000.  Its 
fleet  of  boats  consists  of  one  paper  six-oared  barge,  one  cedar  six-oared  barge,  one  paper 
four-oared  shell,  one  cedar  four-oared  shell,  one  paper  double  scull,  two  paper  single 
sculls,  and  one  cedar  single,  one  four-oared  working  boat,  wooden,  one  single  gig,  cedar, 
besides  several  boats  owned  by  individual  members.  Our  "  course  "  can  not  be  beaten 
by  any  in  the  country,  and  by  few  rivaled.  It  is  wide  enough  to  start  any  number  of 
boats,  and  is  a  good  "straight  away  "  of  two  miles  without  any  perceptible  current.  The 
influential  position  the  club  holds  in  boating  circles  was  evinced  by  the  JNI.  V.  A.  R.  As- 
sociation voting  the  office  of  Ensign  to  Mr.  P.  C.  Wheeler  in  1878,  and  that  of  Commo- 
dore to  Mr.  John  L.  Cockle  in  1879.  The  present  officers  of  the  club  are  :  Thos.  Cratty, 
president;  James  T.  Taylor,  vice-president;  W.  H.  Binman,  treasurer  ;  L.  D.  Puter- 
baugh,  secretary;  Chas.  Cockle,  captain;  W.  R. 'Cockle,  coxswain;  W.  W.  Hook,  vice- 
cox,  and  custodian.  The  P.  B.  G.  is  an  organization  in  which  the  citizens  of  Peoria  are 
interested  and  the  members  satisfied. 

Peoria  Shooting  Club  was  organized  May  11,  1875,  with  about  ten  original  members, 
and  was  incorporated  under  charter  from  the  State  of  Illinois,  January  2-4,  1877.  The 
following  are  the  names  of  some  of  the  original  members  :  N.  Shurtleff,  L.  F.  Belke, 
Chas.  F.  Stock,  Chas.  W.  Greenleaf,  Dr.  L.  B.  Martin,  Fred.  Kimble,  P.  Bourdereaux, 
and  Jolm  Grifiith.  The  present  officers  are  :  President,  Dr.  L.  B.  Martin  ;  vice-presi- 
dent. Will.  Clark  ;  secretary,  R.  R.  Hotchkiss  ;  treasurer,  Z.  N.  Hotchkiss.  The  club 
owns  a  shooting  park  of  five  acres,  with  dwelling  house,  amphitheater,  and  coops  for  6,000 
pigeons,  in  the  upper  part  of  the  city,  near  the  Water  Works,  and  is  acknowledged  to  be 
one  of  the  best  shooting  parks  in  the  State. 

In  1879,  the  annual  tournament  of  the  Illinois  State  Sportman's  Association  was  held 
at  the  club's  park,  and  its  accommodations  were  found  ample,  notwithstanding  an  excep- 
tionally large  number  of  entries.  The  club  is  strong  in  membership,  and  numbers  within 
its  ranks  many  excellent  marksmen.  Members  practice  at  the  park  every  Friday,  when 
the  weather  permits.  Regular  business  meetings  are  held  on  first  Wednesday  in  each 
month,  in  State's  Attorney's  office  in  Court-house. 

Central  City  Shooting  Club. — This  club  was  organized  in  the  Summer  of  1878,  and 
has  about  twenty  members.  The  present  officers  are  :  President,  F.  Lammers  ;  vice- 
president,  ;  secretary  and  treasurer,  Chas.  Scheonheider.     The  members  use  for 

shooting  purposes  the  park  belonging  to  the  Peoria  Shooting  Club,  and  hold  there  a 
monthly  contest  for  the  club  badge.  The  club  hopes  soon  to  have  a  park  of  their 
own. 

Fort  Clarlc  Shooting  Club  was  organized  in  July,  1878,  with  thirty-five  original  mem- 
bers, and  has  still  that  number  of  names  on  its  roll.  Use  the  park  of  the  Peoria  Shooting 
Club  for  shooting  purposes,  where  they  generally  meet  every  Saturday  afternoon.  The 
present  officers  are :     President,  O.  Moore  ;    vice-president  and  secretary,  John  Wood- 


504  HISTORY  OF  PEORIA  COUXTY. 

ruff;  treasurer,  Robert  Kelly.  The  club  holds  its  business  meetings  on  first  Monda}' 
eveninfj  in  each  month,  at  freight  office  of  T.  P.  &  W.  K.  R. 

Peoria  Rifle  Club  was  organized  in  June,  1877,  and  has  about  fifteen  members,  each 
of  whom  owns  a  breach-loading,  repeating  rifle.  The  present  oflicers  of  the  club  are : 
President,  A.  W.  H.  Reen  ;  treasurer,  Peter  J.  Singer;  secretary,  F.  H.  Wagner.  The 
club  has  found  it  very  difficult  to  secure  a  suitable  range  for  practice,  but  expect  in  the 
coming  Summer  to  possess  one  of  five  hundred  yards,  easily  accessible  from  the  citj-. 

Peoria  Turn-Verein. — This  association  was  organized  in  18.50,  with  about  thirt)- 
members.  During  the  early  years  of  its  existence  it  rented  a  building  where  the  mem- 
bers could  exercise  themselves,  and  in  1856  built  a  frame  structure  on  Washington  Street 
near  Walnut,  at  a  cost  of  about  $1,000.  Here  they  had  tlieir  gymnasium  for  some  eight 
years,  at  the  end  of  wliicii  time  they  sold  their  property  and  bought  the  old  School  on 
South  Adams  Street,  to  which  the}'  removed  and  occupied  for  ten  years.  About  this 
time  the  Union  Turn-Verein  was  organized,  and  drew  to  itself,  from  a  variety  of  causes, 
almost  all  the  young  and  active  members  from  the  parent  society,  which  consequently 
became  almost  dormant  for  some  years.  Meantime  the  society  had  sold  their  property  on 
Adams  Stret-t,  and  held  thereon  a  mortgage  of  $o,.500,  the  interest  on  which,  during  its 
years  of  inactivity,  was  annually  paid  over  to  the  German  Scliool  Association,  to  assist  in 
the  maintenance  of  their  school  on  Second  Street.  In  the  Summer  of  1879  the  Union 
Turn-Verein  fell  into  difficulties  and  uU  its  active  membei-s  came  over  in  a  body  to  the 
old  institution,  and  by  this  accession  a  new  and  prospective  term  of  usefulness  was 
opened  to  it.  A  new  constitution  and  by-laws  were  adopted,  and  the  membership  has 
now  risen  to  about  sixty  and  is  still  steadily  increasing.  The  gymnasium  of  tlie  society 
is  at  present  in  the  old  Court-house  on  Hamilton  Street,  but  tliey  expect  very  soon  to 
erect  a  l;andsome  building  of  their  own,  and  have  already  appointed  a  committee  to  se- 
cure a  suitable  location.  In  1879  Mr.  J.  C.  Wieting  was  president,  and  the  officers  for 
1880  are:  President,  A.  L.  Schimpff;  vice-president,  Albert  Triebel  ;  secretary,  Albert 
Pfeiffer ;  corresponding  secretary,  Henry  Hedrick  ;  and  treasurer,  Jacob  Miiller.  Regu- 
lar business  meetings  on  first  Thursday  in  each  month  at  the  hall. 

Union  Turn-Verein.  —  In  18G8  nine  members  of  the  Peoria  Turn-Verein,  becoming 
dissatisfied  with  the  management  of  that  society,  resolved  to  sever  their  connection  with 
it  and  organize  another  Turn-Verein.  Their  firet  lousiness  meeting  was  held  in  Ross' 
luinl)er  yard,  where  the  "  Union  Turn-Verein  "  was  formally  organized.  Meetings  were 
afterwards  held  at  Engine  House  No.  8,  and  the  society  grew  strong  in  number  and  en- 
thusiasm, so  much  so,  that  six  months  after  organization,  its  strength  was  one  hundred 
and  thirty  members,  sixty  of  whom  were  active,  young  Turners.  In  tlie  Suiftnier  of  1869 
the  society  bought  the  church  building  corner  Madison  and  Libert}'  Streets,  for  use  as  a 

?;ymnasium,  at  a  cost  of  $3,650,  and  in  order  to  properly  fit  it  up  for  tlieir  use,  incurred  a 
urther  indebtedness  of  f 7,500.  Here  the  Turn-Verein  remained,  strong  and  prosjierous, 
for  aliout  nine  years,  and  cleared  off  all  its  load  of  debt,  except  a  sum  of  $4,000,  which 
was  secured  by  a  mortgage  on  the  building.  In  June,  1878,  the  building  was  amicably 
surrendered  to  the  mortgagee,  it  having  become,  from  dampness  and  recent  obstruction  of 
its  ventilation,  unsuitable  for  the  further  use  of  the  society.  The  old  Court-house  on 
Hamilton  Street  wjis  then  rented  and  occupied  till  October,  ls79,  when,  owing  to  the 
defection  of  many  of  its  active  memljcrs,  they  were  obliged  to  give  it  up,  and  also  to  dis- 
pense with  the  services  of  a  teaciier,  whom  tliey  had  hitherto  been  alile  to  employ  at  a 
salary  of  $50  per  month.  The  officers,  however,  are  not  without  hojie  that  the  society 
will  again  taste  prosperity,  ami  in  the  near  future  hope  to  erect  a  frame  building  on 
South  Adams  Street,  which  will  have  ample  accommodations  for  all  the  purposes  of  the 
society. 

The  present  officers  are  :     President,  Geo.  Bohlender ;  vice-president,  Chas.  Singer; 


HISTORY  OF  PEORIA  COU^rlT.  505 

recording  secretary,  F.  Kliiigel ;    treasurer,  Frank   Vonachan ;    teacher,   Chris.  Klingel. 
Regular  meetings  are  held  on  first  Tuesday  of  each  month. 

SECRET    SOCIETrES. 

Masonic  —  Peoria  Lodge  No.  15,  A.  F.  <f  A.  M.  —  In  the  month  of  September,  1840, 
ten  brethren  residing  in  Peoria  and  the  neighborhood,  met  in  the  second  story  of  the 
house  at  the  corner  of  Main  and  Adams  Streets,  and  after  consultation  agreed  to  make 
application  to  the  Grand  Lodge  of  the  State  of  Illinois,  for  a  dispensation  empowering 
them  to  work  ;  their  names  were  as  follows :  Samuel  H.  Davis,  Augustus  O.  Garrett, 
John  King,  Geo.  Fai-rell,  James  Mossman,  Nathaniel  Chapin,  Geo.  H.  Quigg,  Fred.  Sem- 
elroth.  They  recommended  Samuel  H.  Davis,  as  Master,  A.  O.  Garrett,  as  Senior  War- 
den, and  John  King,  as  Junior  Warden ;  their  application  was  vouched  for  by  the 
Ottawa  Lodge,  and  forwarded  to  the  Grand  Lodge,  to  be  laid  before  that  body  in  that 
or  the  ensuing  month.  The  application  in  due  time  came  before  the  Grand  Lodge,  but 
as  that  body  knew  nothing  ol  the  Ottawa  Lodge  (the  latter  working  under  a  foreign 
charter),  tlie  application  could  not  be  granted,  and  thus  the  matter  rested  till  Decem- 
ber, 1841,  when  it  became  known  that  the  Grand  Lodge  was  satisfied  with  the  regularity 
of  the  Ottawa  Lodge,  and  accordingly  accepted  its  recommendation  for  a  petition.  Up- 
on application  therefor,  a  dispensation  was  accordingly  granted,  appointing  as  officers  the 
brethren  recommended  for  the  positions  in  the  application,  and  dated  January  3,  A.  L. 
5,842,  A.  D.  1842.  Under  that  dispensation,  the  first  meeting  was  held  January  8,  of 
that  year,  at  which  nine  Master  Masons  were  present.  On  December  24,  1842,  a  charter 
was  granted  by  the  Grand  Lodge,  under  which  their  first  election  of  officers  took  place, 
resulting  in  the  elevation  of  the  following  gentlemen  :  W.  M.,  Samuel  H.  Davis  ;  S.  W., 
A.  O.  Garrett ;  J.  W.,  Andrew  M.  Hunt ;  Treas.,  Geo.  Metcalfe  ;  Secy.,  William  Mitchell ; 
S.  D.,  Peter  Sweat ;  J.  D.,  Ralph  Hamlin  ;  Tyler,  Chester  Hamlin.  They  were  installed 
by  Past  Master  Simeon  DeWitt  Drown,  of  Chester  Lodge,  No.  71,  of  Ohio. 

From  that  time  on,  the  Lodge  flourished  and  did  much  work,  and  on  June  18,  1844, 
made  its  first  ai^pearance  in  public,  the  occasion  being  the  celebration  of  the  anniversary 
of  the  Battle  of  Bunker  Hill,  and  to  commemorate  the  death  of  Gen.  Warren,  the  first 
Grand  Master  of  North  America.  The  programme  of  the  exercises  on  that  occasion  is 
reproduced  below : 

Masonic  Celebration,  June  18,  1844. 

Order  of  exercises :  The  procession  will  move  from  the  Hall  at  10  o'clock,  and  pro- 
ceed as  follows  :  Proceed  up  Hamilton  Street  to  Jefferson  —  down  Jefferson  to  Fulton 
—  down  Fulton  to  Adams  —  up  Adams  to  Hamilton  —  down  Hamilton  to  Washington  — 
down  Washington  to  Fulton — down  Fulton  to  Water  —  up  Water  to  Main — up  Main 
to  Madison — down  Madison  to  Methodist  church,  entering  it  at  11. 

1.  Prayer  by  the  chaplain. 

2.  Music  by  the  band. 

3.  Oration. 

4.  Ode  by  the  choir. 

5.  A  practical  address  on  Freemasonry. 

6.  Music  (Battle  of  Bunker  Hill)  by  the  band. 

The  procession  will  then  return  in  the  same  order  to  the  hall,  where  a  dinner  will 
be  provided  by  Bro.  Garret :  —  tickets,  50  cents. 

None  other  than  ladies  can  be  admitted  within  the  church,  until  after  the  arrival  of 
the  procession. 

In  the  minutes  of  meeting  of  the  Lodge,  August  17,  1844,  appear  the  following  res- 
olutions : 

38 


506  HISTORY  OF  PEOniA  COUKTT. 

"ReielvtJ.  Th«t  the  thanks  of  this  Lodge  be  tendered  to  Bro.  Wm.  Hale,  for  his  liberal  donation  to  the  mem- 
bers and  friends  of  Peoria  Lodge  No.  i;.  of  the  block  on  Jackson  and  Perry  Streets,  for  a  burial  ground. 

"  KtsohtJ.  That  this  lodge  accepts  of  this  donation,  and  that  a  commiitce  of  three  l>e  appointed,  to  confer 
with  Bro.  Hale,  and  devise  a  plan  for  surveying  and  laying  out  the  same  into  loti,  fencing  and  ornamenting  the 
same." 

Whereupon  the  Master  appointed.  Brothers  R.  Rouse,  I.saac  Underhill  and  Peter 
Sweat,  as  such  committee,  to  report  at  next  regular  meeting. 

The  block  thus  obtained,  was  used  as  a  Masonic  burying  ground  till  1871,  when 
further  interments  were  forbidden  by  the  authorities,  owing  to  the  rapid  growth  of  the 
city  —  the  adjoining  blocks  being  all  built  upon  with  residences.  The  lodges  then  con- 
templeted  the  removal  of  the  bodies  there  interred,  to  Springdale  Cemetery,  and  sale  of 
the  block  —  the  proceeds  to  be  applied  towards  the  purchase  of  ground  for  burial  pur- 
poses elsewhere — but  their  designs  in  the  direction  were  opposed  by  the  heirs  of  the 
donor,  who  denied  their  right  to  use  the  block  for  any  purpose,  other  than  that  for  which 
it  was  originally  intended.  After  some  litigation,  a  compromise  was  effected,  whereby 
the  right  of  the  lodges  to  dispose  of  the  block  was  recognized,  and  a  lot  in  Springdale 
Cemetery,  7.'>xr20,  purchased,  to  whicli  in  the  months  of  May  and  June  1873,  the  bodies 
from  the  old  ground  were  removed.  The  square  was  then  sold  to  various  parties,  netting 
about  •*i7,000,  with  a  portion  of  which  sum,  the  lodges  bought  the  lot  cor.  Adams  and 
Liberty  Streets,  upon  which  in  the  near  future,  they  propose  the  erection  of  a  handsome 
Masonic  Temple,  the  plans  for  wliich,  have  been  already  prepared  and  selected. 

The  Past  Masters  of  this  lodge  are  :  Samuel  H.  Davis,  Peter  Sweat,  William 
Mitchell,  Thomas  J.  Pickett,  John  T.  Lindsav,  William  Rounseville.  David  D.  Irons, 
Lewis  Keyon,  Samuel  Tart.  Peter  Hoj.kiiis,  B.L.  T.  Hoiu'iuid.  Willis  Y.  Francis,  Henry 
E.  Seley,"John  S.  Gragg.  Robert  Francis.  Joseph  F.  Hazzard  and  John  ^L  Simpson. 

The  present  officers  are  :  W.  M.,  John  M.  Simpson  ;  S.  W.,  E.  N.  Armstrong ;  J.  W., 
A.  J.  Harbers;  Treas.,  J.  N.  Kinney;  Secy.,  Geo.  L.  Bean.  The  regular  meetings  are 
on  the  last  Monday  in  each  month,  in  the  Masonic  Hall.  124  N.  Adams  Street. 

Temple  Lodije,  No.  4fi,  A.  F.  .j-  A.  3/.,  was  chartered  October  20,  1846,  with  six 
original  numbers,  viz :  Geo.  T.  Metcalf,  Clark  H.  Stebbins,  Wm.  F.  Bryan,  John  C. 
Heyl,  John  King,  Elhvood  Andrew.  The  first  officers  of  the  lodge  were  :  W.  M.,  Geo. 
T.  Metcalf;  S.  W.,  John  C.  Heyl  ;  J.  W.,  Clark  B.  Stebbins.  The  Past  Masters  of  this 
lodge  are  as  follows  :  Geo.  T.  Metcalf,  John  R.  Crandall,  John  C.  Heyl,  John  Jewell, 
James  S.  Freeman,  Alexander  Hearst,  Geo.  Broad,  Clark  D.  Rankin,  Geo.  K.  Hazlitt, 
Barnhart  Meals,  Jno.  E.  McDermott,  Tluimas  Cosgrove.  The  present  officers  are  :  W.M., 
John  N.  (iriffith  ;  S.  W.,  George  S.  Dustin  ;  J.  W.,  Chas.  H.  Ibell ;  Treas.,  A.  D.  Olney  ; 
Secy.,  N.  S.  Tucker.  Regular  meetings,  the  last  Wednesdav  in  each  month,  at  Masonic 
Hall,  124  N.  Adams  Street. 

Illinois  Lodge,  No.  263,  A.  F.  ^  A.  M. —  This  lodge  was  granted  a  dispensation  to 
work,  on  February  1,  1858,  and  was  chartered  under  its  present  name  and  number,  by 
the  (Jrand  Lodge  of  the  State,  in  Octol)er  of  the  same  year.  The  first  officers  were  in- 
stalled on  Octolier  10.  18r)8,  by  Deputy  (Jrand  Master  D.  D.  Irons,  and  were  as  follows: 
W.  .M.,  S.  H.  Bennett  ;  S,  W.,  A.  Freeman;  J.  W.,  J.  Hancok  proxy  for  I).  M.  Cum- 
mings;  Treas.,  J.  W.  Parish;  Sec'y,  D.  T,  N.  Saunderson.  The  Past  Masters  of  the 
lodge  are:  S.  H.  Bennett,  A.  Freeman.  John  Swentzel,  G.  Kettelle.  Chas.  Spalding, 
Wm.  B.  Whiffin,  Wm.  J.  Brown,  J.  E.  Pillsburv.  Wm.  Rounseville.  Wm.  Kellogg,  Jr.,  S. 
W.  Ottenhcimer,  W.  H.  Ea.stman,  James  MrMiilan  an<l  J.  S.  Miller.  The  officers  who 
now  preside  over  the  lodge  are:  W.  M.,  W.  H.  Eiu>*tman  ;  S.  W.,  C.  M.  Cuiumings  ; 
J.  W.,  M.  W.  Slndtz. ;  Treas.,  S.  W.  Ottenheinier ;  Sec'y,  J.  W.  Grover.  Regular  meet- 
ings at  124  N.  Adams  Street,  on  second  and  fourth  Tuesdays  in  each  month,  and  annual 
meeting  on  second  Tuesday  in  Decemlier. 

Schiller  Lmlge,  No.  :}:J.'),  A.  F.  jf  A.  M.  (German),  was  chartered  Novemlier  11. 1859, 
with  twenty-four  charter  members.     The  first  officers  of  the  lodge  were  :  W.  M.,  Albert 


HISTORY  OP  PEORIA  COUNTY.  507 

Potthoff ;  S.  W.,  Emil  Quinky ;  J.  W.,  Henry  Ullman  ;  Sec'y,  John  N.  Niglas.  The 
present  officers  are  :  W.  M.,  A.  L.  Schimpff;  S.  W.,  John  Korsoski;  J.  \V.,Chas.  Ulrich  ; 
Sec'y,  Adolph  Splittstoesser ;  Treas.,  A.  W.  H.  Reen.  Meet  last  Thursday  in  each 
month  at  hall,  124  N.  Adams  Street. 

Henry  Brown  Lodge,  No.  22,  A.  Y.  tf  M.  (colored) — This  is  a  clandestine  lodge,  and 
derives  its  authority  from  the  so-called  Grand  Lodge  of  A.  Y.  &  M.  Masons  of  the  State 
of  Illinois.  It  was  organized  December  7,  1876,  and  was  chartered  December  25,  1879, 
with  twelve  original  members.  The  present  membership  is  about  twenty,  and  its  officers 
are:  P.  M.,  John  W.  Wagoner;  AV.  M.,  Walter  Campl)ell ;  S.  W.,  Daniel  Rayner;  J. 
W.,  Joseph  Johnson  ;  Treas.,  John  H.  M.  Wagoner;  Sec'y^  John  W.  Wagoner.  Regular 
meetings  on  the  first  Thursday  of  each  month  in  hall,  122  N.  Adams  Street. 

Order  of  Eastern  Star,  Central  City  Chapter,  No.  42. —  This  body  was  instituted  in 
1872  as  "  Central  City  Chapter,  No.  120,"  under  charter  from  the  English  Grand  Chap- 
tei*,  and  on  September  20,  1877,  was  chartered  under  its  present  name  and  number,  by 
the  Grand  Chapter  of  the  State  of  Illinois.  The  present  officers  of  the  Chapter  are : 
W.  M.,  Mrs.  A.  M.  Mann  ;  W.  P.,  Mr.  W.  H.  Eastman  ;  A.  M.,  Mrs.  H.  Lloyd ;  C, 
Mrs.  Matilda  Griebel ;  A.  C,  Mrs.  S.  C.  Hasbrouck ;  Treas.,  Mrs.  M.  A.  Cum- 
mings;  Sec'y,  Mrs.  S.  C.  Robinson ;  W.,  Mrs.  H.  Eastman;  S.,  Mr.  W.  Price.  The 
Chapter  has  about  one  hundred  members,  and  meets  in  the  Masonic  Hall  on  Adams  Street, 
the  last  Friday  in  each  month. 

Peoria  Chapter,  No.  7,  R.  A.  M.,  was  chartered  by  the  Grand  Chapter  of  the  State 
of  Illinois  in  1847.  The  first  officers  were  elected  January  4,  1848,  as  follows:  H.  P., 
Samuel  H.  Davis  ;  K.,  Peter  Sweat ;  S.,  William  Hale  ;  C.  H.,  A.  O.  Garrett ;  P.  S., 
John  Sly;  R.  A.  C,  Eldrich  Smith,  Sr.;  Treas.,  John  B.  Dixon  ;  Sec'y,  Nat.  Chapin. 
The  following  are  the  names  of  the  successive  High  Priests  of  the  Chapter,  with  the 
terms  during  which  they  held  office  :  Samuel  H.  Davis,  1848,  '49 ;  Peter  Sweat,  1850  ; 
John  Jewell,  1851,  '52,  '54,  '55,  '57,  '70  ;  Wm.  M.  Dodge,  1853,  '60,  '61 ;  Stephen  T. 
Stewart,  185G ;  A.  O.  Garrett,  1858,  '59 ;  James  E.  Prescott,  1862 ;  Lewis  Keyon, 
1863  ;  Peter  Hopkins,  1864  ;  Isaac  G.  Reynolds,  1865  ;  Wm.  Rounseville,  1866,  '67,  '71 ; 
Samuel  Tart,  1868,  '69 ;  John  C.  Yates,  1872,  '73,  '74  ;  Henry  C.  Whittridge,  1875,  '76 ; 
Alonzo  P.  Johnson,  1877,  '78,  '79. 

The  officers  for  the  present  year  are :  H.  P.,  Geo.  S.  Dustin  ;  K.,  Albert  W.  Martin ; 
S.,  Chas.  F.  Hitchcock;  C.  H.,  Edwin  N.  Armstrong;  Sec'y,  Geo.  F.  Henthorne;  Treas., 
Crosby  White.  The  Chapter  meet  in  their  hall  on  Main  Street,  on  first  Thursday  in 
each  month. 

Peoria  Commandery,  K.  T.,  No.  3,  was  chartered  Sept.  15,  1856,  and  its  first  officers 
were  as  follows :  E.  C,  Henry  L.  Gaines ;  G.,  Clark  B.  Stebliins ;  C.  G.,  Isaac  Under- 
bill ;  P.,  A.  0.  Garrett ;  S.  W.,  Wm.  A.  Tlirush  ;  J.  W.,  Dutee  S.  Thompson  ;  Treas., 
Wm.  E.  Mason  ;  Rec,  Lewis  Keyon.  The  jtosition  of  Eminent  Commander  lias  been 
held  by  the  following ;  Henry  L.Gaines,  1857,  '58;  Wm.  A.  Thrush,  1859,  '60,  '61; 
David 'D.  Irons,  1862 ;  Lewis  Keyon,  1863;  Wm.  Rounseville,  1864, '65, '67, '69, '70, 
'71,  '72;  A.  O.  Garrett,  1866;  Geo.  L.  Lucas,  1868;  Robert  S.  Martin,  1873;  Samuel 
Tart,  1874,  '75  ;  Chas.  F.  Hitchcock,  1876,  '77,  '78,  '79.  The  present  officers  of  the 
Commander}'  are:  E.  C,  Chas.  F.  Hitchcock;  G.,  Isaac  N.  Durst;  C.  G.,  William  Win- 
cup  ;  P.,  Geo.  S.  Dustin ;  S.  W.,  Alonzo  P.  Johnson ;  J.  W.,  Richard  H.  Lowe  ;  Treas., 
Crosby  White ;  Rec,  Geo.  F.  Henthorne.  Meet  in  their  hall  on  Main  Street,  on  first 
and  third  Fridaj's  in  each  month. 

Peoria  Consistory,  S.'.  P.\  R.'.  <SV.  Ancient  and  Accepted  Scottish  Rite. —  The  first 
Consistory  meeting  held  in  Peoria  was  on  Feljruary  12,  1869,  under  a  charter  granted  to 
Consistory  in  Yates  City,  111.,  bearing  date  February  25,  1867,  which  was  at  that  date 
transferred  to  Peoria.  At  that  meeting  the  following  officers  were  elected  :  Com.  in 
Chief,  Justin   E.  Dow  ;    1st  Lieut.  Com.,  William  O.  Hewitt ;    2d  Lieut.  Com.,  Samuel 


608  mSTORY  OF  PEORIA  COUNTY. 

Tart;  Gd.  Orator,  Wm.  J.  Brown  ;  G.  C.  Edward  H.  Collins;  G.  Sec'v,  James  E.  Pills- 
bury  ;  G.  Treas.,  M.  E.  Erler ;  G.  E.  &  A.,  J.  J.  Steiger  ;  G.  H.,  Tho"s.  D.  Gault ;  G. 
S.  B..  S.  W.  Ottenheimer;  G.  C.  of  G.,  Geo.  Billings  ;  G.  S.,  Samuel  P.  Cummings. 

In  May,  187'2,  the  firet  meeting  was  held  under  its  present  name  and  charter.  The 
present  ofiBcers  are:  Com.  in  Chief,  James  Bannister;  1st  Lieut.  Com.,  Robert  S.  Martin; 
2d  Lieut.  Com.,  Chas.  F.  Hitchcock  ;  Gd.  Orator,  Thos.  D.  Gault ;  G.  C,  A.  J.  Boylan  : 
Sec'v,  Geo.  L.  Bean  ;  Treas.,  John  R.  Smith ;  E.  &  A.,  E.  R.  Mann  ;  G.  K.,  Samuel  W. 
Otte'nheimer ;  M.  of  C,  M.  E.  Erler;  G.  S.  B.,  William  Perry;  C.  of  G.,  James  McMil- 
lan ;  G.  S.,  Benj.  Berquist.  The  stated  meetings  of  the  Consistory  are  upon  the  fourth 
Monday  in  March,  June,  September  and  December. 

I.  o.  o.  F. 

Columbia  Lodge,  No.  21,  was  instituted  at  Peoria  Dec.  8,  1846  by  D.  D.  G.  M.,  A.C 
Robinson,  under  a  charter  granted  by  the  R.  \V.  Grand  Lodge  of  Illinois,  November  24th, 
1846.  Tiie  charter  members  weic  John  M.  Law,  Samuel  Easton,  John  Payne,  E.  S. 
Anderson,  John  Wham  Jr.,  and  Francis  A.  McNeil.  This  is  the  oldest  Lodge  of  the 
Order  in  the  County  and  has  had  from  the  beginning  a  most  harmonious  and  useful  career. 
It  is  now  in  a  very  flourishing  condition  with  a  membership  of  seventy  in  good  standing. 
Its  present  ofiBcers  are  N.  G.,  L.  M.  Brockett ;  V.  G.,  N.  Crutchfield  ;  Rec.  Secy,  D.  C. 
Frazer  ;  Perm.  Sec'y,  A.  W.  Hack;  Treas.,  John  Wetzel  ;  Rep.  to  Grand  Lodge,  D.  C. 
Frazer.     Regular  meetings  every  Tuesday  evening  in  their  hull  on  Adams  Street. 

Fort  Clark  Lodge,  No.  109,  was  instituted  July  7,  1852,  with  fourteen  original  mem- 
bers. The  first  officers  of  the  Lodge  were  ;  N.  G.,  Henry  S.  Austin  ;  Sec'y,  Matthew  W. 
McReynolds.  The  present  officers  are  :  N.  G.,  Henry  Thielbar  :  V.  G.,  E.  M.  Clark; 
Sec'y,  O.  B.  Ciiampney ;  P.  Sec'y,  N.  C.  Nason  ;  Treas.,  John  Jones ;  Representative, 
I.  J.  Marsh.     Meet  at  their  hall  every  Monday  evening. 

Western  Lodge,  No.  295  (German),  was  organized  in  1861,  with  twenty-one  charter 
members.  Their  first  elected  officers  were,  N.  G.,  J.  Lorcntz ;  V.  G.,  K.  A.  Bush  ;  Sec'y, 
F.  C.  Heinzen  ;  Per.  Sec'y,  Wm.  Muller;  Treas..  T.  Bender.  The  present  officers  are: 
N.  G.,  J.  Hoffmann;  V.  G.,  E.  Seitz ;  Sec'y,  J.  Thomas;  Per.  Sec'y,  F.  W.  Muller; 
Treas.,  H.  Klein.  The  Lodge  has  now  seventy-three  members  in  good  standing.  Meet 
at  their  hall  in  Deweyn's  block,  every  Thursday  evening. 

Peoria  Em-drnprnent,  No.  15,  was  instituted  February  7,  1850,  under  dispensation 
granted  by  tlie  R.  W.  Grand  Encampment  of  the  United  States,  by  Past  Grand  Patriarch 
T.  J.  Burnes,  with  the  following  charter  meml)ers ;  H.  A.  Foster,  E.  N.  Powell,  Geo.  C. 
Bestor,  A.  B.  F;ish,  H.  G.  Anderson,  John  M.  Law,  Chas.  Fisher  and  A.  N.  Boilvan.  The 
first  officers  of  the  Encamjiment  were:  C.  P.,  John  M.  Law;  H.  P.,  II.  G.  Anderson; 
S.  W.,  E.  N.  Powell  :  S.,  H.  A.  Foster  ;  Treas.,  Jolin  Anderson  ;  Warden,  Chas.  Fisher. 
Of  the  original  charter  members,  but  three  are  now  living,  viz  :  H.  (J.  Andei-son,  Chas. 
Fisher,  and  A.  B.  Fash.  Seven  years  after  its  institution,  it  was  cliartered  by  the  R.  W. 
Grand  Encampment  of  the  State  of  Illinois,  under  which  charter  it  now  works.  The 
officers  for  1880  are:  C.  P.,  Henry  Tiiiclbar ;  H.  P.,  N.  C.  Nason;  S.  W.,  I.  J.  Marsh; 
S.,  C.  B.  Keller;  Treas.,  John  Jones;  J.  W.,  William  Hener.  The  present  incnibership 
is  112,  comprised  as  follows,  active  members  51,  dormant  menibers  61.  The  Encamp- 
ment meets  on  the  first  and  third  Fridays  of  each  month,  at  the  Oddfellow's  Hall  114  b. 
Adams  Street. 

Iloffnung  Encampment,  No.  155  (German),  was  organized  May  22,  1875.  with  four- 
teen original  members.  Tlu;  names  of  the  jiresent  officers  are  :  C.  P.,  F.  H.  Borries  ;  H. 
P.,  Ph.  Auer;  S.  W.,  P.  Biekert ;  J.  W.,  J.  Tliodc  ;  Treas.,  Chas.  Rojahn  ;  Scribe,  G. 
Reichardt.  Meet  second  and  fourth  Fridays  of  each  month  in  their  Hall  in  Deweyn's 
block. 


HISTORY  OF  PEORIA   COUNTY.  509 

KNIGHTS   OF   PTTHIAS. 

Calanthe  Lodge,  No.  47,  was  organized  March  24,  1874,  by  Grand  Chancellor  H.  W. 
Rice,  of  Chicago,  assisted  by  P.  C,  M.  C.  Wilkie,  of  Aurora,  and  P.  Cs.,  Wm.  L.  Camp- 
bell, C.  C.  Weidrich  and  Seely,  of  Princeton.  There  were  fourteen  charter  members, 
viz:  Wm.  J.  C.  Drum,  I.  C.  Edwards,  W.  C.  Strickler,  N.  C.  Nason,  C.  C.  Coffinberry, 
J.  A.  Jeffries,  J.  C.  Widenham,  Wm.  A.  Hunter,  Geo.  N.  Walker,  Jr.,  T.  H.  Smithe, 
Wm.  B.  Vance,  Wm.  T.  Smith,  Jno.  A.  Hudson  and  S.  R.  Baker.  The  first  ofScers 
elected  and  installed  were:  P.  C,  J.  Drum ;  C.  C,  N.  C.  Nason;  V.  C,  I.  C.  Edwards; 
P.,  C.  C.  Coffinberry ;  K.  of  R.  and  S.  and  M.  of  F.,  W.  C.  Drum ;  M.  of  E.,  James  E. 
Jeffries;  M.  at  A.,  W.  B.  Vance;  I.  G.,  J.  C.  Widenham  ;  0.  G.,  A.  H.  Wiltz.  The 
charter  under  which  the  Lodge  now  works  was  issued  by  the  Grand  Lodge  October  19, 
1876.  The  following  gentlemen  have  filled  the  office  of  Chancellor  Commander  in  the 
order  named:  N.  C.  Nason,  Geo.  N.  Walker,  Jr.,  James  A.  Jeffries,  Joseph  Moss,  O.  E. 
Schupp,  S.  R.  Baker,  Wm.  A.  Hunter,  and  John  A.  Hudson.  The  present  officers  of  the 
Lodge  are  ;  P.  C,  John  A.  Hudson  ;  C.  C,  N.  C.  Nason  ;  V.  C,  T.  C.  Johnson  ;  P., 
James  Kennedy  ;  M.  of  E.,  G.  N.  Walker,  Jr. ;  M.  of  F.,  W.  A.  Hunter ;  K.  of  R.  and 
S.,  S.  R.  Baker;  M.  at  A.,  Joseph  Moss;  Rep.  to  Grand  Lodge,  P.  C,  S.  R.  Baker.  Past 
Chancellor  N.  C.  Nason  is  the  present  Grand  V.  Chancellor  in  the  Grand  Lodge  of  the 
State  of  Illinois.  The  Lodge  is  strong,  and  is  doing  good  work.  Regular  meetings  on 
the  second  and  fourth  Tuesdays  in  each  month,  in  the  G.  A.  R.  Hall,  No.  105  S.  Adams 
Street. 

Undoivment  Section,  No.  208,  is  connected  with  the  above  Lodge,  and  is  a  side  degree 
of  the  Order.  All  K.  of  P.  in  good  standing  can  become  members,  and  their  lives  are 
insured  for  from  one  to  three  thousand  dollars,  as  they  may  elect.  Wm.  A.  Hunter  is 
president,  and  G.  N.  Walker,  Jr.,  Sec.  and  Treas. 

TJ.   A.   O.   D. 

Peoria  Grove,  No.  6,  was  instituted  December  28, 1860,  and  the  charter  under  which 
they  now  work  bears  date  February  1,  1861.  Their  first  officers  were:  N.  A.,  William 
Gebhardt ;  V.  A.,  Kaspar  Zimmerman  ;  Sec'y?  Fried.  Roehr ;  Treas.,  Adam  Lucas  ;  and 
those  now  in  office  are  ;  N.  A.,  Henry  Klein  ;  V.  A.,  Heinrich  Martens;  Sec'y,  Gottfried 
Schmidt ;  Treas.,  Leopold  Wappich.  The  Grove  meets  each  Monday  evening  at  Hall 
corner  Bridge  and  Washington  Streets. 

Ventral  Grove,  No.  8. — The  charter  of  this  Grove  is  dated  August  3, 1861,  and  there 
were  thirteen  charter  members.  The  first  officers  were  :  N.  A.,  Henry  Dahlmeyer  ;  V. 
A.,  E.  J.  Muller;  Treas.,  Chas.  Lengaher;  Sec'y.,  D.  Kellister ;  and  those  now  in  office 
are  :  N.  A.,  Geo.  Riesz  ;  V.  A.,  A.  Jacobs ;  Rec.  Sec'y,  Adolph  Bezemann  ;  Fin.  Sec'y, 
Tobias  Somer  ;  Treas.,  John  Fay. 

Albion  Grove,  No.  17  (English),  was  chartered  April  29, 1866,  with  ten  charter  mem- 
bers, viz:  P.  A.,  William  Gebhardt;  P.  A.,  J.  M.  Weinmar  ;  P.  A.,  N.  Neuhaus ;  P.  A., 
A.  Bisemann ;  P.  A.,  H.  Rotterman ;  J.  Reuter,  J.  Ogden,  J.  Hasgett,  J.  Cunningham, 
and  D.  McKenzie.  The  present  officers  of  the  Grove  are  :  P.  A.,  M.  C.  Tamplin  ;  N.  A., 
R.  Bolton ;  V.  A.,  W.  M.  Glass  ;  Treas.,  D.  McKenzie  ;  Sec'y,  B.  F.  Hamlin  ;  Fin.  Sec'y., 
T.  Ewalt.  The  Grove  meets  every  Tuesday  evening  at  No.  303  Main  Street.  Present 
number  of  members  seventy-seven. 

Brother  Grove,  No.  19,  was  chartered  June  5, 1867,  with  six  original  members.  The 
first  officers  were :  N.  A.,  Philip  Eichorn  ;  V.  A.,  John  Reuter;  Secy.,  Frank  Reuter. 
Those  now  in  office  are,  N.  A.,  Fritz  Hoffman  ;  V.  A.,  J.  G.  Altmans ;  Secy.,  H.  Blum- 
hoff;  Treas.,  P.  Lulay.  Meet  every  Friday  evening,  at  hall  corner  Washington  and 
Bridge  Streets. 

William  Grove,  No.  30,  was  instituted  in  January,  1873,  with  ten  charter  members. 


610  HISTORY  OF  PEORIA  COUNTY. 

The  first  officers  of  the  Grove  were  :  N.  A.,  William  Gebhardt ;  V.  A.,  E.  Godel ;  Secy., 
Rudolph  Eichenbertjer ;  Treas.,  Wendel  Kneer.  The  present  officers  are,  N.  A.,  Jacob 
Stein;  V.  A.,  Charles  Auderer ;  Secy.,  Frank  Renter;  Treas.,  Paul  Meyer;  J.  G.,  Wm. 
Nitschke.  This  Grove  has  thirty-one  members  in  good  standing,  and  meets  every  Wed- 
nesday evening,  in  hall  corner  Main  and  Adams  Streets. 

Supreme  Arch  Chapter  U.  A.  0.  Z>.,  Central  City  Chapter,  Xo.  3.  has  charter  dated 
August  10,  1867,  and  was  instituted  with  thirteen  original  members.  The  first  officers 
of  the  Chapter  were  :  N.  G.  A.,  John  M.  Weinmar ;  Secy.,  Frank  J.  Vonachan  ;  and 
those  now  in  office  are,  N.  G.  A.,  Tobias  Sommer  ;  Secy.,  Peter  Lulay.  The  Chapter 
meets  on  third  Tuesday  in  each  month,  in  hall  corner  Bridge  and  Washington  Streets. 

A.    O.    U.    W. 

Goethe  Lodge,  No.S,  was  organized  February  11, 1876,  with  twenty-two  charter  mem- 
bers. The  first  officers  were  :  M.  W.,  J.  H.  Becker ;  G.  F.,  G.  Harsch  ;  Rec.  Secy.,  G. 
Feldcamp  ;  Fin.  Secy.,  Carl  Mueller ;  Treas.,  G.  C.  Harsch.  The  present  officers  of  the 
Lodge  are,  M.  W.,  F.  X.  Korhumel ;  G.  F.,  John  Kohler  ;  Rec.  Secy.,  John  Q.  Schmitt  ; 
Fin.  Secy.,  F.  Winkliiieyer;  Treas.,  G.  Harsch.  The  Lodge  meets  every  Thursday  even- 
ing, in  hall  corner  Main  and  Washington  Streets. 

Peoria  Lodge,  No.  15. — This  Lodge  was  organized  July  7, 1879,  with  thirty-five  char- 
ter mem!)ers,  and  is  at  present  officered  by  the  following:  P.  ^L  W.,  E.  P.  F.  Vetter- 
hoffer ;  M.  W.,  Robert  Bolton  ;  F.,  Robert  Clark  ;  Rec,  DeRoy  Howe  ;  Financier,  F.  L. 
Thompkins  ;  Receiver,  W.  E.  Hack  ;  Guide,  W.  H.  Shoupe  ;  Trustees,  C.  B.  Keller,  W. 
F.  Hyle,  E.  F.  P.  Vetterhoffer ;  Overseer,  O.  T.  Owens.  Meet  every  Wednesday  even- 
ing, at  Workmen's  Hall,  corner  Washington  and  Main  Streets. 

MISCELLANEOUS   ORDERS. 

Progress  Lodge,  No.  113,  /.  0.  B.  B. — This  Lodge  was  organized  August  30,  1S68, 
with  twenty-four  charter  members,  and  has  now  a  membership  of  sixty-one  in  good  stand- 
ing. The  first  officers  who  presided  over  the  Lodge  were :  Pres.,  David  Ullman  ;  V.  P., 
Sol.  Bennett ;  Rec.  Secy.,  H.  S.  Ottenlieinier;  Fin.  Secy.,  Jacob  Heim ;  Treas.,  Gerson 
Bloom  ;  Monitor,  Rev.  Dr.  Max  Stern  ;  Asst.  Monitor,  Abraham  Wachenheimer ;  Trus- 
tees, Henry  Ullman,  Henry  Netter,  L.  Mayers.  The  present  officers  are,  Pres.,  Rev.  Dr. 
Stern  ;  V.  P.,  Charles  Salzenstein  ;  Rec.  and  Fin.  Secy.,  Louis  Strauss  ;  Treas.,  Samuel 
Woolner  ;  Monitor,  David  Eppsteiner  ;  Warden,  Aaron  Ullman  ;  Guardian,  Isaac  Rosen- 
field  ;  Trustees,  H.  S.  Ottenlieinier,  Henry  Ullman,  and  A.  Schradzki.  Regular  meetings 
are  held  at  216  and  218  Main  Street,  on  first  and  third  Sundays  of  each  month. 

Moses  Montifiore  Lodge,  No.  15;'),  0.  K.  S.  B.,  was  organized  April  3,  1876,  with 
twenty-four  charter  members.  Its  first  officers  were  :  Pres.,  S.  Woolner  ;  Vice-Pres., 
L.  S.  Bennett ;  Secy.,  Isaac  Rosenthal ;  Treas.,  Solomon  Bennett ;  Conductor,  John 
Korsoski ;  Asst.  Con.,  L.  L.  Wiesel.  The  Past-Presidents  of  the  Lodge  are,  Samuel 
Woolner,  L.  S.  Bennett,  Jacob  Woolner,  Solomon  Bennett,  J.  Conigisky,  and  John  Kor- 
soski. The  present  officials  are,  Pres.,  D.  Sclnvartzmann  ;  V.  P.,  Adolph  Woolner  ; 
Treas.,  Moses  Gumbiner ;  Secy.,  Lewis  J.  Weisel ;  Monitor,  John  Korsoski.  Meetings 
are  held  in  the  afternoon  of  the  second  and  fourth  Sundaj's  of  each  month. 

Ajai  Council,  No.  216,  Roi/al  Arcanum.  —  This  ccnuuil  was  instituted  in  Peoria, 
October  13.  1878,  and  immediately  thereafter  the  following  officers  were  elected  :  R.,  N. 
C.  Nason  ;  V.  R.,  L.  W.  James;  O.,  John  Ci.  Stevens;  P.  R.,  John  L.  Cockle;  .Secy., 
W.  A.  I5iMhak.-r;  Coir.,  B.  C.  Brvn.-r  ;  Treas.,  John  W.  Ib.vt  ;  Cliaplain,  H.  Thiel- 
bar;  G.,  F.  S.  Hallock  ;  W.,  R.  M."  Hewitt;  S.,  Geo.  W.  Weddlc  ;  Med.  Exam.,  L.  B. 
Martin,  M.  D.  Those  now  in  office  are,  R.,  C.  S.  Easton  ;  V.  R.,  Cluis.  F.  Hitchcock  ; 
O..  N.  E.  Worthiiigton  ;  P.  R..  L.  W.  James;  Secy.,  W.  A.  Brubaker  ;  Coir.,  B.  C. 
Bryner ;  Treas.,  John  W.  Hoyt ;  Chaplain,  S.  W.  Dodge  :  G-.  F.  C.  Tapping  ;  W.,  O.  R. 


HISTORY  OP  PEORIA  COUNTY.  511 

Clough  ;  S.,  R.  A.  Schimpff ;  Med.  Exam.,  L.  B.  Martin,  M.  D.     The   council  meets  on 
second  and  fourth  Fridays  of  each  month  in  hall  of  G.  A.  R. 

Peoria  Lodge,  No.  353,  Harugari,  was  instituted  June  7, 1874,  with  nine  charter  mem- 
bers. The  first  officers  were :  O.  B.,  Robert  Becker ;  U.  B.,  Frank  Renter ;  Secy., 
Henry  Sudenga ;  Treas.,  Jacob  Becker.  The  present  officers  of  the  lodge  are  :  O.  B., 
Jacob  George;  U.  B.,  Aug.  Seibold  ;  Secy.,  Frank  Renter;  Treas.,  Fritz  Weber.  The 
lodge  has  forty-one  members  in  good  standing,  and  meets  every  second  Tuesday  in  hall 
corner  Washington  and  Bridge  Streets. 

Victor  Lodge,  No.  244,  L  0.  M.  A.,  was  organized  January  16, 1879,  with  about  forty 
charter  membei's.  The  present  officers  are:  Pres.,  J.  G.  Evans;  V.  P.,  0.  S.  Doty; 
Fin.  Secy.,  Benj.  Warren,  Jr.  ;  Rec.  Secy.,  S.  N.  Conover  ;  trustees,  A.  J.  White,  Jno. 
A.  Bush,  and  J.  J.  Frederick.  The  lodge  meets  first  and  third  Fridays  in  each  month  in 
hall  coruer  Main  and  Washington  Streets. 

Lake  Lodge,  No.  715,  Knights  of  Honor,  was  instituted  August  25,  1877,  by  W.  M. 
Obermayer,  D.  S.  D.,  with  nineteen  charter  members.  The  Past  Dictators  of  the  lodge 
are:  N.  C.  Nason,  John  S.  Stevens,  James  Bannister,  O.  B.  Charapney,  J.  J.  Steiger, 
and  W.  A.  Beasley.  Present  officers  are  :  D.,  G.  Willis  Smith  ;  V.  D.,  R.  M.  Campbell ; 
Treas.,  Geo.  S.  Dustin ;  Rep.,  O.  B.  Champney.  The  lodge  meets  on  the  first  and  third 
Tuesdays  in  each  month. 

Fort  Clark  Lodge,  No.  10,  Universal  Brotherhood  of  the  World.  — Tliis  lodge  was 
organized  January,  1879,  with  Geo.  S.  Dustin  as  111.  Commander,  and  is  at  present  dormant. 

Phoenix  Lodge,  No.  608,  /.  0.  G-.  T.,  was  organized  May  1,  1874,  with  twenty 
original  members,  and  thereupon  elected  to  office  the  following :  W.  C.  T.,  F.  L.  Ladd  ; 
V.  T..  Mrs.  A.  D.  Johnson  ;  Chap.,  J.  B.  Cranimond  ;  Secy.,  S.  O.  Hinsdale ;  A.  S.,  Miss 
Susie  Scott ;  F.  S.,  C.  E.  Van  Tress  ;  Treas.,  Mrs.  E.  V.  Van  Tress ;  M.,  John  Cation  ; 
D.  M.,  Mrs.  C.  M.  Ladd  ;  I.  G.,  William  Cation ;  0.  G.,  M.  B.  Hinsdale  ;  R.  H.  S.,  Miss 
Agnes  Armstrong ;  L.  H.  S.,  M.  Ross  ;  P.  W.  C.  T.,  Miss  Sophia  Becker.  The  present 
officers  of  the  lodge  are  :  W.  C.  T.,  W.  H.  Lambert ;  V.  T.,  Mrs.  Lizzie  Campbell ; 
Chap.,  Henry  Boyle  ;  Secy.,  Geo.  A.  Monteith  ;  A.  S.,  Miss  Laura  Metcalf ;  F.  S.,  Miss 
Lucy  Hamilton  ;  Treas.,  Otto  C.  Hoffman ;  M.,  David  Crutchfield  ;  D.  M.,  Mrs.  Lucy 
Crutchfield  ;  L  G.,  Miss  Lizzie  Andrews ;  0.  G.,  Joseph  Shurley ;  R.  H.  S.,  Miss  L.  H. 
O'Connor  ;  L.  H.  S.,  Miss  Clara  Monteith  ;  P.  W.  C.  T.,  Frank  Dudley  ;  L.  D.,  John 
Short.  The  lodge  meets  every  Tluirsday  night  in  hall  corner  Main  and  Adams  Street. 
The  present  membership  in  good  standing  is  about  115. 

Peoria  Temjjle,  No.  8,  U.  0.  A.  T.  —  This  lodge  was  chartered  February  2,  1877, 
and  the  following  officers  were  elected  :  Templar,  James  Mahoney  ;  Rec,  Harry  Lam- 
bert. The  present  officers  ai-e :  Templar,  James  Mahoney ;  Rec,  Uriah  Vonhan.  The 
present  membership  in  good  standing  is  sixty-three,  and  the  lodge  meets  in  hall  corner 
Main  and  Adams  Street  every  Friday  evening. 

Patrons  of  Hushandry.  —  There  are  in  Peoria  Co.  eight  Granges  of  this  Order, 
located  as  follows:  Orange  Grange,  at  Orange  Prairie  ;  Alta  Grange,  at  Alta  on  R.  I. 
R.  R. ;  Dunlap  Grange,  at  Dunlap,  on  the  same  road  ;  Salem  Grange,  4  miles  west  of 
Dunlap;  Radnor  Grange,  3  miles  west  of  Alta  ;  Jubilee  Grange,  at  Jubilee  ;  South  Kick- 
apoo  Grange,  2  miles  west  of  Pottstown  on  C.  B.  &  Q.  R.  R. ;  and  Rome  Grange,  at 
Rome,  on  C.  R.  I.  &  P.  Each  of  these  Granges  becomes  in  turn,  the  Head-Quarters  of 
all  the  others,  and  retains  the  position  till  the  next  meeting,  on  the  first  Tuesday  of  each 
month,  when  the  next  Grange  in  order  of  seniority,  succeeds  it.  The  present  officers  of 
the  County  Grange  are.  Master,  Amos  Edwards;  Secretary,  Thos.  Cady  ;  and  they  hold 
their  offices  during  the  year  1880.  The  membership  of  the  County  Grange  is  about  150, 
and  the  members  of  the  Order  residing  in  the  county,  and  in  good  standing  in  the  sub- 
ordinate Granges,  number  about  1,000.  The  Grange  Store  for  the  county,  is  located  on 
corner  Washington  and  Liberty  Streets ;    is  under  the  charge  of  Mr.  W.  W.  Atwood  ; 


512  HISTORT   OF   PEORIA   COUNTY. 

carries  a  stock  of  groceries,  and  miscellaneous  farm  supplies  worth  about  f  9,000,  and 
did  a  business  last  year  of  $45,000. 

Clan  na  Gael.  —  This  body  was  organized  in  1875,  with  about  40  original  members, 
and  the  strength  is  still  maintained  at  about  the  same  figure.  The  present  oflBcers  of 
the  society  are,  Pres.,  Joseph  F.  Manning;  V.  P.,  John  Down;  Sec,  P.  W.  Crowe  ; 
Treas.,  Frank  Bradley.  Regular  meetings  are  held  every  Sunday  afternoon,  in  Fenian 
Hall,  on  Main  street. 

Ancient  Order  of  Hiberniang.  —  Lodge  No.  1  of  this  Order  was  organized  in  Peoria 
April  18,  1875,  with  19  original  members.  On  25th  of  the  same  month,  its  first  election 
of  oflBcers  was  held,  with  the  following  result:  County  Delegate,  Eugene  McCarthy; 
Pres.,  Thos.  J.  Kelly  ;  V.  P.,  M.  J.  Cody  ;  Fin.  Sec,  James  E.  Walsh  ;  Cor.  Sec,  Jos. 
F.  Manning  ;  Treas.,  James  R.  Murphy,  and  they  were  forthwith  installed  in  oflBce, 
by  County  Delegate  Gallagher.  The  present  membership  is  about  45,  and  its  oflBcers 
are,  Pres.,  John  Downs ;  V.  P.,  Lawrence  Dwyer ;  Sec,  D.  J.  Allmon ;  Fin.  Sec, 
John  Dolan  ;  Treas.,  James  McGinn  ;  State's  Delegate,  P.  W.  Gallagher  ;  County  Dele- 
gate, J.  G.  Higgins.  The  Regular  meetings  of  the  Society  are  on  the  first  Sunday 
afternoon  of  each  month,  at  Fenian  Hall,  on  Main  Street. 

BENEVOLENT   AND   MISCELLANEOUS   SOCIETIES. 

Woman's  Refuge  of  Reform.  —  This  institution  was  first  opened  in  January,  1877,  by 
a  few  benevolent  Christian  ladies  of  the  city,  who  became  impressed  with  the  necessity 
of  its  estalilishment,  in  the  course  of  their  labors  while  connected  with  other  charitable 
societies.  It  was  designed  for  the  reformation  of  fallen  women,  and  to  afford  them  a 
Refuge  secure  from  their  former  associates,  where  they  might  form  and  mature  good  res- 
olutions, under  the  influence  of  the  prayers  and  counsels  of  these  noble  women.  la 
June,  1877,  the  Refuge  was  closed,  and  remained  so  until  the  loth  day  of  October  fol- 
lowing, when  it  was  opened  with  Mrs.  McCoy  as  Matron.  In  Ajjril,  1878,  the  present 
organization  was  formed,  and  the  society  was  incorporated  under  charter  in  the  follow- 
ing year.  The  first  Refuge  was  on  Hale  Street,  where  it  remained  for  about  two  years, 
thence  removing  to  G13  N.  Washington  .Street,  and  then  in  December,  1879,  to  its  pres- 
ent location  at  913,  4th  Street.  The  ladies  who  are  interested  in  it,  make  regular  visits 
to  the  houses  of  prostitution  in  the  city,  and  try  to  induce  the  girls  to  come  to  the 
Refuge.  After  a  residence  in  it  of  a  year,  to  permit  the  growth  of  good  resolutions  for 
the  future,  and  to  test  the  sincerity  of  their  desires  to  reform,  they  are  either  returned 
to  tiieir  friends,  or  good  places  are  fivind  for  them  in  Christian  liomcs.  During  their 
stay  in  the  Refuge,  they  assist  in  their  own  support  by  sewing,  etc  Since  October  15, 
1877,  till  now,  upwards  of  '25  girls  have  been  regularly  admitted  to  the  home  and  have 
stayed  in  it  for  considerable  periods,  and  four  or  five  others  have  stayed  for  short  periods, 
on  trial.  Of  this  number,  the  ladies  have  good  rea.son  to  believe,  ten  are  doing  well,  and 
several  girls  who  have  experienced  the  beneficial  influences  of  the  Refuge,  have  since 
been  married.  The  home  lias  at  jiresent,  two  inmates,  and  can  acconunodate  six.  It  is 
supported  solely  by  ciiaritable  donations,  and  although  much  of  the  coal  and  almost  all 
the  provisions  are  thus  contriliuted.  it  still  takes  almost  iJ500  a  year  in  cash  to  meet  its 
requirements.  The  present  oflBcers  of  the  Society  are,  president.  Mrs.  Wm.  Weis  :  vice- 
presidents,  Mrs.  Fall  and  Mrs.  Hallcoml) ;  secretary,  Mrs.  Wm.  Reynolds ;  treasurer, 
Mrs.  I.  Ficnton  ;  Matron,  Mrs.  Chase.  Regular  meetings  are  held  at  tlie  Refuge 
every  second  Wednesday  afternoon. 

Ladies'  Hebrew  Benevolent  Society  is  the  oldest  Hebrew  Benevolent  Society  in  the 
city,  and  was  organized  about  twenty-two  years  ago,  by  the  Hebrew  Indies  of  Peoria,  for 
the  cart-  of  their  resident  |)0()r,  and  also  of  needy  sojourners  of  their  own  faitii  who  miu'lit 
be  temporarily  resident  in  it.  It  was  born  of  a  strong  feeling  of  sympathy  for  the  suffer- 
ings entailed  by  poverty,  and  has  beeu  in  active,  helpful  oxisteucu  ever  sinuu.     Mrs. 


HISTORY  OF  PEORIA  COUNTY.  613 

Henry  C.  Ullman,  Mrs.  Goodhart,  and  Mrs.  Frank,  were  prominently  connected  with  the 
organization  of  the  society,  and  Mrs.  Ullman  is  now,  and  has  been  for  the  past  thirteen 
years,  its  president.  There  are  about  twenty-five  active  members,  all  of  whom  occupy 
prominent  positions  in  the  Hebrew  society  of  the  city.  The  charity  is  dispensed  by  a 
standing  committee,  appointed  annually  by  the  president,  which  for  the  present  year  con- 
sists of  the  following  ladies :  Mrs.  Schwartzmann,  Mrs.  Loewenthal,  and  Mrs.  Frank. 
The  other  officers  of  the  society  are  :  Vice-president,  Mrs.  Max  Newman ;  cashier,  Mrs. 
Lj'on  ;  secretary,  Mrs.  Schradzki ;  sick  committee,  Mrs.  Jacob  Swabacher  and  Mrs. 
Aaron  Ullman.  Regular  meetings  are  held  at  Jewish  church  on  Fulton  Street,  on  the 
first  Sunday  of  each  month. 

Peoria  Hehreiv  Relief  Association. — This  society  was  organized  by  some  of  the  He- 
brew ladies  of  the  city,  about  four  years  ago,  and  has  for  its  object  the  relief  and  assistance, 
in  the  way  of  clothing  and  the  necessaries  of  life,  of  the  poor  in  the  city,  without  reference  to 
creed  or  nationality.  In  certain  pressing  cases,  money  is  also  given.  The  materials  for 
clothing  ai-e  bought  by  the  purchasing  committee,  which  consists  for  the  presentyearof  Mrs. 
Henry  Ullman  and  Mrs.  Schradzki,  made  up  by  the  members  at  their  homes,  and  the  gar- 
ments, when  completed,  are  distributed  under  the  supervision  of  the  visiting  committee. 
Much  of  the  relief  thus  dispensed  is  to  needy  Gentile  families.  For  the  present  year  the 
officers  of  the  association  are  :  President,  Mrs.  Loewenthal ;  vice-president,  Mrs.  Jacob 
Swabacher;  cashier,  Mrs.  Henry  Ullman;  secretary,  Mrs.  A.  Schradzki. 

Regular  meetings  are  held  at  Jewish  Temple  on  Fulton  Street,  on  the  first  Thurs- 
day in  each  month. 

The  Sisters  of  Peace. — This  society  is  composed  of  Hebrew  ladies,  and  has  for  its 
object  the  assistance  and  relief  of  the  poor  of  their  own  faith  in  the  city.  It  has  been  in 
existence  about  six  years;  was  organized  under  the  efforts  of  the  Mrs.  Woolner,  Bennett, 
and  Nusbaun,  and  has  been  the  medium  through  which  much  practical  charity  has  been 
dispensed.  Mrs.  Weal  is  now  president ;  Mrs.  Woolner,  cashier  ;  and  Miss  F.  Bennett, 
secretar}'.  Its  meetings  are  held  on  the  first  Sunday  in  each  month,  in  the  Jewish  church 
on  Seventh  Street. 

Masonic  Benefit  Association  of  Illinois  was  organized  in  Peoria  in  1879,  and  incor- 
porated June  9,  of  that  year.  "  The  objects  of  this  association  are,  to  benefit  the  wid- 
ows, orphans,  heirs  or  devisees  of  deceased  members,  and  for  no  other  purposes  what- 
ever." The  requisite  qualifications  for  membership  are,  that  the  applicant  be  an  affiliated 
Master  Mason,  in  good  standing,  a  resident  of  the  United  States  of  America,  in  good 
health,  and  between  twenty-one  and  sixty  years  of  age.  The  benefit  in  case  of  death,  is 
on  the  mutual  plan,  and  is  raised  by  assessment,  upon  the  surviving  members.  The  as- 
sessment is  fixed  according  to  age  at  time  of  admission  to  membership,  and  never  changes 
thereafter.  The  association  consists  of  four  divisions.  The  benefit  in  the  first  division, 
is  limited  to  $1,000.  In  the  second  to  $2,000.  In  the  third  to  $3,000,  and  in  the  fourth 
to  $5,000,  but  the  membership  in  each  division  is  unlimited.  The  officers  of  the  associa- 
tion are  :  President,  P.  J.  Singer  ;  vice  president,  B.  Meals  ;  secretary,  F.  H.  Wagner  ; 
treasurer,  John  C.  Yates ;  medical  director,  H.  Steele,  M.  D. ;  general  agent,  John 
Thomas;  directors,  H.  P.  Tracy,  Elm  wood  ;  A.  B.  Sawyer,  Pekin,  and  C.  J.  Off,  T.  D. 
Gault,  B.  Meals,  J.  J.  Steiger,  A.  L.  Schimpff,  Alex.  Hearst  and  P.  J.  Singer  of  Peoria. 
The  offices  of  the  association  are  at  428  South  Washington  Street,  where  the  regular 
business  meetings  are  held,  on  the  second  Tuesday  in  each  month. 

Peoples'  Loan  and  Homestead  Association.  —  The  charter  under  which  this  associa- 
tion does  business,  bears  date  June  12, 1874,  and  the  association  itself  was  organized  Jan- 
uary 21,  1878.  Its  object  is,  "•  to  accumulate  capital,  to  be  loaned  only  among  the  mem- 
bers, for  the  purpose  of  building  and  improving  homesteads."  Its  present  membership 
is  about  417,  and  its  officers  are:  President,  F.  Cantelo  ;  secretary,  S.  N.  Kinney.  The 
stock  is  issued  in  series  semi-annually,  and  the  number  of  shares  now  in  force  is  5,084. 


514  HISTORY  OF  PEORIA  COUNTY. 

The  total  assets  were  $52,042.90  at  date  of  la.st  report,  and  its  rate  of  interest  l^f  per 
cent,  per  annum.     Regular  meetings  on  third  Monda}-  of  each  month. 

CATHOLIC   SOCIETIES. 

St.  Mary's  Catholic  Benevolent  Society  was  organized  in  1872,  in  connection  with  St. 
Mary's  Parish,  and  iiad  about  forty  original  members.  Its  funds  are  derived  from  small 
monthl}-  payments,  and  members  while  disabled  through  sickness  or  accident,  receive  a 
weeklj-  benefit  therefrom.  In  case  of  death,  an  assessment  is  made  upon  each  member, 
sufficient  to  pay  all  funeral  expenses,  etc.  Its  present  officers  are  :  President,  Andrew 
Doyle ;  vice  president,  James  Gowran  ;  secretary,  James  Durkin  ;  treasurer,  Nicholas 
Bourke ;  Board  of  Managers,  William  Cosgrove,  James  Kenny,  Thos.  Moran,  P.  Mc- 
Hugh  and  C.  Flannigan.  Regular  meetings  on  first  Sunday  in  each  month,  in  the  Hall 
of  St.  Mary's  School. 

Knights  of  Father  yiatthew.  —  This  order  was  organized  in  Peoria  in  August,  1877, 
is  a  combined  total-abstinence  and  benefit  society.  Tiie  order  is  quite  strong,  and  the 
members  make  a  fine  appearance  in  their  striking  uniform,  whenever  tliey  appear  in  pub- 
lic. Members  must  be  Catholics,  and  between  the  ages  of  sixteen  antl  thirt^'-five  years. 
Members  while  sick  receive  a  weekly  benefit  of  fo  for  ten  weeks,  and  in  case  of  death 
f.50  is  devoted  for  the  purpose  of  defraying  funeral  expenses.  The  present  officers  of 
the  society  are  :  Chief  Sir  Knight,  D.  J.  Allman ;  deputy  sir  knight,  D.  Donovan  ;  re- 
corder, James  Cullen  ;  financial  recorder,  Wm.  J.  O'Brien  ;  corresponding  recorder, 
Thos.  F.  Crowe;  banker,  Thos.  O'Sliaughnessy  ;  gi-and  commander,  James  Cullen  ;  com- 
mander, E.  J.  O'Rourk ;  senior  commander,  T.  J.  Grace ;  junior  commander,  Dennis 
O'Brien.     Regular  meetings  are  held  in  St.  Mary's  School  Hall. 

Father  Matthew's  Total  Abstinence  a)id  Benevolent  Society  is  connected  with  St.  Pat- 
rick's Parish,  and  was  organized  September  21,  1873.  The  objects  of  the  society  are  in- 
dicated  b}'  its  name.     It  has  130  members  and  is  presided  over  by  William  Welch. 

Benevolent  and  temperance  societies  are  in  existence  in  connection  with  all  the 
other  parishes  in  the  cit}-,  but  owing  to  the  difficulty  of  finding  their  officers  we  are  un- 
able to  give  detailed  particulars  regarding  them. 

German  Workinynien's  Society.  —  This  societ)'  was  organized  about  1859,  and  was  in- 
corporated under  charter  in  the  following  year.  It  is  a  mutual  benefit  society.  Its 
funds  are  kept  up  liy  small  weekly  payments  from  each  member  wliile  in  liealth,  and 
when  the  dark  days  of  sickness  and  death  come  a  sufficient  sum  may  be  drawn  there- 
from to  meet  the  requirements  of  the  case.  The  membersliip  is  not  strictly  confined  to 
Germans,  Ijut  as  all  its  business  is  conducted  in  tiiat  language,  tliere  are  few,  if  any  of 
its  members,  wlio  are  not  conversant  with  it.  Its  business  affairs  are  well  and  conserva- 
tively managed,  and  it  has  a  reserve  fund  of  $2,000  with  which  to  meet  any  extraordi- 
nary call  upon  it.  The  society  has  about  125  members,  and  its  present  officers  are: 
President,   Adam    Lucas  ;  vice  president,  Timothy  Weisbrook  ;  secretary,  Cliris.  Jager  ; 

treasurer, Haberer.     Regular  meetings  are  held  on  first  Tuesday  in  each  month, 

in  German  school-house  on  Second  Street. 

Workingmens  Loan  and  Homestead  Association  was  organized  August  1,  1873,  and 
shortly  thereafter  incorporated  under  the  laws  of  the  State.  Has  now  about  500  stock- 
holders ;  a  nominal  capital  of  $500,000  and  paid  up  capital  of  about  $175,000.  Tiie 
present  officers  are:  President,  R.  C.  firier;  secretary,  J.  D.  McClure.  Tlie  regular 
meetings  of  the  association  are  on  the  first  Monday  evening  of  each  month,  in  the  old 
Court-house  on  Hamilton  Street. 

German  Fire  Insurance  Co.  of  Peoria.  —  Tliis  is  the  only  local  insurance  company  in 
the  county,  and  was  incorporated  May  10,  1876,  under  the  laws  of  tlie  State,  and  began 
business  on  12t]i  of  same  montli.  It  is  doing  a  large,  safe  and  profitable  busine.>is,  con- 
fined exclusively  to  the  State  of  Illinois,  and  as  a  matter  of  policy  takes  no  risks  either 


HISTORY  OF  PEORIA  COUNTY.  515 

in  Chicago  or  East  St.  Louis.  The  company  is  enterprising  in  pursuit  of  business,  and 
has  400  agents  tliroughout  the  State.  It  is  authorized  to  issue  stock  to  the  amount  of 
$500,000,  and  tlie  paid  up  capital  is  1100,000.  Premium  receipts  for  last  year  were  about 
$34,000,  and  interest  receipts  nearly  $6,000.  Net  surplus  as  i-egards  policy-holders,  after 
deducting  reinsured  reserve,  and  all  other  claims  against  the  company  is  $105,476.41. 
The  head  office  is  at  421  S.  Washington  Street,  and  the  present  officers  of  the  company 
are  :  President,  Louis  Green ;  vice  president,  Bernard  Cremer  ;  secretar}',  F.  H.  Wag- 
ner ;  treasurer,  M.  Pfeifer ;  general  agent,  D.  B.  Phelps  ;  special  agent,  F.  E.  Chase. 

MILITARY    ORGANIZATIONS. 

Organization  and  History  of  the  National  Blues. —  The  citizens  of  Peoria  for  some 
time  previous  to  1 856,  had  been  impressed  with  the  necessity  of  having  among  them  one 
or  more  volunteer  companies,  who  would  be  available  in  case  their  services  should  be  re- 
quired in  protecting  property  and  aid  in  enforcing  the  laws.  And  in  order  to  get  an 
expression  from  those  who  were  disposed  to  favor  such  an  organization,  a  meeting  was 
held  on  the  9th  day  of  July,  1856,  in  Engine  House  No.  2,  on  North  Adams  Street,  in 
said  city,  Andrew  J.  Hodges  was  appointed  chairman  and  George  S.  Blakely,  secretary. 
At  that  meeting  the  question  was  very  h\\\y  discussed  as  to  the  necessity,  and  prospect  of 
organizing  a  first-class  volunteer  company  of  infantry,  and  it  was  resolved  that  such  a 
company  be  at  once  formed.  A  list  of  the  names  of  those  who  were  desirous  of  joining 
the  organization  was  read.  A  committee  was  appointed  to  draft  a  constitution  and  by- 
laws composed  of  the  following  gentlemen :  Charles  E.  Denison,  Addison  S.  Norton,  D. 
M.  Cummings,  William  A.  Thrush  and  John  Bryner.  A  committee  to  solicit  subscrip- 
tions from  the  citizens  was  ainpointed  as  follows  :  Casper  W.  Rees,  George  S.  Blakely, 
D.  M.  Cummings,  H.  G.  Anderson,  and  Geo.  H.  Mcllvaine.  Geo.  H.  Mcllvaine  was 
appointed  treasurer,  pro  tern.  Wm.  A.  Thrush,  Jos.  W.  Ball  and  John  C.  Proctor,  were 
appointed  a  committee  to  procure  music,  and  A.  S.  Palmer,  John  Bryner  and  D.  M. 
Cummings,  were  appointed  a  committee  to  procure  a  drill-room  for  the  company. 

On  the  12th  of  July,  1856,  another  meeting  was  held  at  the  same  place  at  which  a 
constitution  and  by-laws  were  presented  by  tlie  committee  and  adopted,  except  as  to  the 
name  and  uniform  of  the  company.  C.  E.  Denison,  E.  B.  Elwood  and  Wm.  A.  Thrush, 
were  appointed  a  committee  to  report  a  suitable  name  for  the  company.  L.  G.  Pratt,  H. 
G.  Anderson,  C.  E.  Denison,  John  Bryner  and  A.  S.  Norton,  were  appointed  to  report  a 
suitable  uniform  for  the  compan3^ 

At  this  meeting  tlie  commissioned  officers  were  elected  for  one  year,  as  follows : 

Captain,  Charles  E.  Denison. 

First  Lieutenant,  John  Bryner. 

Second  Lieutenant,  John  N.  Cromwell. 

Third  Lieutenant,  William  A.  Thrush. 

Measures  were  also  taken  to  prociue  arms  and  accoutrements,  and  a  resolution  was 
passed  that  the  company  adopt  a  temporary  uniform,  consisting  of  a  black  frock  coat, 
white  pants  and  a  glazed  or  blue  cap. 

At  a  meeting  held  at  the  same  place  on  the  16th  of  July,  1856,  the  committee  on 
uniforms  reported  in  favor  of  the  regulation  uniform  of  the  United  States  Army,  with 
such  additions  as  might  be  deemed  proper.     The  report  was  adopted. 

The  committee  on  companj-  name  reported  the  name  of  the  "  Central  City  Infantry," 
which  was  adopted.     The  constitution  was  then  signed  b}^  those  present. 

At  a  meeting  held  at  Armory  Hall,  third  story  over  Scheadzlic  store  on  Main  Street, 
July  19,  1856,  on  motion  of  A.  S.  Palmer  the  vote  of  the  company  at  the  previous 
meeting  adopting  the  name  of  "  Central  City  Infantry,"  was  re-considered.  The  name 
of  "  City  Blues  "  was  suggested  by  Mr.  Palmer.  Mr.  Anderson  moved  to  amend  by  in- 
serting  "  Governor's   Guards."     Mr.    Bishop    moved   to   amend    by    inserting  "  Bissell 


516 


HISTORY   OF  PEORIA  COUNTY. 


Guards."  Mr.  Palmer  suggested  "  Peoria  Blues,"  and  Mr.  Morrell  "  Washington  Blues," 
and  the  names  being  voted  on  separate,  the  motion  to  adopt  in  each  case  was  lost.  Geo. 
S.  Blakelv  suggested  the  name  of  "  National  Blues,"  which  was  adopted  and  ordered 
to  be  engrossed  in  the  constitution. 

Charles   P.   James  was  elected  secretary  and  George  H.  Mcllvaine  was  elected 
treasurer  for  one  year. 

Muster  roll  of  the  active  members  of  the  National  Blues,  organized  July  12,  1856,  and 
the  rank  they  held  in  that  organization : 


Anderson  Horace  G 2d  Lieutenant 

•  Barr  Joseph  W Private 

•Balchelder  John  H Private 

Ballon  John Private 

Bills  Roswell Private 

Bishop  Alexander Private 

•Blakely  George  .S 3d  Sergeant 

Blakely  J.   Murray... 4th  Corporal 

♦Bryner  John 1st  Lieutenant  and  Captain 

Buelljo'hn Private 

•Burl    William Drummer 

Bush  John  A Private 

Cassel  Elijah Private 

Chambers  Rush  W...   Private 

Cole  Johnson  S Private 

Cox  Richard  S Private 

Crane  Gerard  S Private 

•Cummings  David  M ...Private 

Cunningham  James  M..3d  Leul.  2d  Lieut,  and  Captain 
♦Davidson  Peter Private 

Davis   William  II - 3d  Corporal 

•Dee  Maurice Private 

Doty  Chambers  S 1st  Corporal 

Eisenhauer  Adam Private 

Fash  James  S Private 

Forsyth  Henry  II Private 

Fullcrton  William  H 4th  Corporal 

McBurnie  Robert Private 

McClure  John  D Private 

McKinney  David 1st  Corporal 

McKinney  J.  Smith Private 

Mcllvaine  (ieorge  H 3d  Corporal 

Mcllvaine  Robert  S Private 

Meals  liarnhart Private 

"Mendenh  11  William Armorer 

Merrill  Joseph   H Private 

Morrell  Charles  It Private 

Murphy  James  K Private 

Neill  Hugh Private 

•Norton  Addison  S 1st  Sergeant 

•Oberhauscr  Louis Private 

Odell  (ieorge  W Private 

Palmer  Archibald  S ....  Private 

•Pierce  llenry  C Kifcr 

Pierce  Cyrus  H Private 

Pratt  I-orin  G Private 

Proctor  John  C ..... 3d  Sergeant 

•Purple  ('harles  K Private 

Those  marked  thus  (*)  are  dead. 

The  following  nicnibers  entered  the  Union  army  at  the  outbreak  of  the  rebellion  and 
attained  the  rank  set  opposite  their  names  — 

Joseph  W.  Barr,  !.,ieut.  in  Hth  Missouri  Infantry,  and  '2d  Lieut,  in  the  Chicago  Mer- 
cantile Battery.  Mortally  wmindod  iit  the  battle  of  Siibiiie  Cross  Koads.  Ln.,  on  the  8th 
of  April,  1864,  died  April  lU,  i604,  uud  was  buried  at  Manslield,  La. 


Funke  Otto Private 

Gaines  H.  L Private 

Gonshee  William Private 

Graham  Samuel  H Private 

Grier  David  P Private 

Guill  John  W Private 

•Hale  Charles  C Private 

Hall  .\ugustus  H Private 

Hamaker  John  G Private 

Haggard  Samuel  P 3d  Corporal 

Henderson  John  M Private 

Henon   David  W Private 

•H igbie  John Private 

Hodges  Andrew  J Private 

Hopkins  Henry   B Private 

H  ough  J  ohn Private 

Hudson    Kdward.. Private 

Humphrey  Edward  J Private 

James  Charles  P Private 

Jakelfalusy  Alexander Private 

King  Henry  C Private 

Kuhn  John  F Private 

Kuhn  William  E Private 

Laughlin  Michael  B 4th  Corporal 

•Lowry  JohnF Private 

Lynch  Timothy Color  Sergeant 

•Martin  John Private 

Rees  Casper  W Private 

Roehrig  Antony Private 

Ryan  Abr.iham  H 3d  Sergeant 

Solomon  Frederick Pri»-ate 

.Shcaire  Emil Private 

Sinnot  Nicholas  B Private 

Smith  J.  T Private 

•Sniythe  Thomas  A.  H Private 

•Snyder  David  D Private 

Stricklce  Walter  C Private 

•Sweeny  Benjamin Fifer 

•Thompson  Joseph  H ....3d  Corporal 

•Thrush  William  A 3d  Lieut.  3d  Lieut. 

Van  Buskirk  Harry  M Private 

Vance  William  H Private 

Vooiley  Alvah  W Private 

Wct/ei  John 3d  Lieutenant 

Winchel  Elias Private 

Whiffin  William  B Private 

Wonder  Janics  A.......... Drummer 

Zcigler  John  R 4th  Corporal 


HISTORY  OF   PEORIA  COUNTf.  617 

John  H.  Batchelder,  Lieut.  Co.  C.  85th  111.  Inf.,  died  and  was  buried  at  Chillieothe, 
in  this  county. 

John  Bvyner,  Colonel  47th  111.  Inf.,  resigned  on  account  of  ill  health,  and  was  re- 
appointed to  same  command ;  died  at  Sjiringfield,  111.,  on  the  19th  of  March,  1865,  and 
was  buried  in  Springdale  Cemetery,  in  this  county. 

Rush  W.  Chambers,  Adjutant  47th  111.  Inf. 

Girard  S.  Crane,  Commissary  Sergt.  17th  111.  Inf. 

John  N,  Cromwell,  Colonel  47th  111.  Inf.  Killed  at  Jackson,  Miss.,  and  buried  at  Pat- 
erson,  N.  J. 

David  M.  Cummings,  Lieut.  Co.  F.  11th  111.  Cavalry.  Died  at  Peoria  and  was  buried 
in  Springdale. 

Peter  Davidson,  Capt.  Peoria  Battery,  and  Colonel  of  139th  111.  Inf.  Killed  by  explo- 
sion of  fulminating  powder,  at  Titusville,  Pa.,  and  was  buried  there. 

Maurice  Dee,  Lieut.  11th  111.  Cavalry.  Killed  at  Memphis,  Tenn.,  and  buried  in  Spring- 
dale. 

Charles  E.  Denison,  Capt.  18th  Regulars  Infantry.  Mortally  wounded  at  the  battle  of 
Murfreesboro,  Dec.  21,  1862,  and  died  January  15, 1863,  and  was  buried  in  Springdale. 

Otto  Fuuke,  Colonel  11th  111.  Cavalry,  and  Brevet  Brigadier. 

William  Gousher,  Sergt.  Co.  F.,  47th  111.  Inf. 

David  P.  Grier,  Colonel  77th  111.  Inf.  and  Brevet  Brigadier. 

John  Hough,  Asst.  Adjt.-Genl.,  and  Brevet  Brigadier. 

Alexander  Jekelfalusy,  Sergt.  Co.  E.,  8th  111.  Inf. 

William  E.  Kuhu,  Sergt.-Major  47th  111.  Inf. 

John  D.  McClure,  Colonel  47th  111.  Inf. 

David  McKinney,  Lieut.  Quarter-Master,  77th  lU.  Inf. 

Hugh  Neil,  Capt.  8th  Missouri  Infantry. 

Addison  S.  Norton,  Colonel  17th  111.  Inf.  and  Major  in  Regular  Army.  Died  and  was 
buried  at  Selina,  Kansas. 

Louis  Obeehauser.  Hospital  Steward,  6th  111.  Cavalry     Buried  in  Springdale. 

Henry  C.  Pierce,  Fifer  8th  and  47th  111.  Infantuy.     Buried  in  Springdale. 

Charles  K.  Purple,  Capt.  Co.  G.,  67th  111.  Inf.     Buried  in  Springdale. 

Anthony  Roehrig,  Capt.  Co.  A.  11th  Illinois  Cavalry. 

Abraham  H.  Ryan,  Lieut.  17th  111.  Inf.  and  Colonel  of  a  colored  regiment. 

Emil  Shears, 8th  111.  Inf. 

David  D.  Synder,  Corp.  Co.  E.,  8th  111  Inf.     Buried  in   Springdale. 

Benjamin  Sweeny, in  an  Ohio  regiment. 

William  A.  Thrush,  Colonel  47th  111.  Inf.  Killed  at  the  battle  of  Corinth,  October,  3, 
1862,  and  buried  in  Springdale. 

John  Wetzel,  Capt.  Co.  E.  8th  111.  Inf. 

James  A.  Wonder,  Drum  Major  47th  111.  Inf. 

John  R.  Zeigler,  Capt.  Co.  F.  11th  111.  Cavalry. 

Archibald  S.  Palmer,  commanded  a  U.  S.  vessel  on  the  Mississippi. 

If  the  rebellion  had  not  broken  out  in  1861,  there  is  no  doubt  but  tlie  Old  Blues 
would  have  been  an  efficient  organization  now,  but  the  war  unsettled  and  disorganized 
every  tiling,  and  as  nearly  every  man  in  the  Blues  was  capable  of  taking  charge  of  a  com- 
pany, it  was  thought  that  better  service  could  be  rendered  the  Government  by  several 
organizations  than  by  one,  and  the  members  were  permitted  to  raise  companies  and 
obtain  higher  positions  than  could  be  reached  in  a  mere  company  organization.  Thirty- 
four  members  entered  the  Union  army,  and  with  the  brilliant  record  of  all  of  them,  Peoria 
has  evinced  a  commendable  pride,  and  with  the  heroic  death  of  many  of  them,  all  are  pain- 
fully familiar. 


518 


HISTORY  OF  PEORIA  COUXTT. 


Grand  Army  of  the  Republic. — Col.  John  Bryner  Post,  No.  67,  of  Peoria,  His.,  was 
organized  on  the  9tli  day  of  October,  1879,  and  named  in  honor  of  the  late  John  Bryner, 
Colonel  of  the  47th  Ills.  Vol.  Infantry. 

The  Post  has  a  membership  of  seventy-six,  holds  meetings  in  their  new  hall,  just 
completed  and  fitted  up,  where  you  will  find  among  its  members  some  of  the  leading  men 
of  the  city. 


ROSTER  OF  OFFICERS. 


P.  C,  George  Puterbaugh. 
S.  V.  C,  Isaac  Taylor. 
J.  V.  C,  \Vm.  McLean. 
Adj.,  James  M.  Rice. 
Q.  .M.,  George  M.  Bush. 
Surg.,  James  T.  Stewart. 


Chap..  Rev.  W.  S.  Post. 

O.  D.,  B.  C.  Bryner. 

O.  G..  L.  v.  Lapham. 

N.  M..  Jacob  M.  Copes. 

Q.  M.  S.,  Robt.  M.  Campbell. 


I 


ROSTER. 


Wells  Henry  W.  Co.  D  II2  Ills.  Infty.  m.o.  as  maj. 
McLean  William,  Co.  C  2d  Iowa  Infty.  m.o.  priv.ite. 
Kinsey  John  W.  Co.  B  nth  Cav.  Ills.  m.o.  2d  lieut. 
Copes  Jacob  M.  Co.  B  47th  Ills.  Infty.  m.o.  lieut.  maj. 
Easton  Charles  S.  Co.  E  Sih  Ills.  Infty.  m.o.  private. 
Burt  Richard  M.  Co.  G  76th  Ohio    Infly.  m.o.   1st    lieut. 
Campbell  Robert  M.  Co.  F  17th  Ills.  Inftv.  m.o.  capt. 
Qualman  Charles.  Co.  K  3d  Ind.  Cav.  m.o.  maj 
Swayte  Benjamin,  Co.  B  loSth  Ills.  Infty.  m.o.  sergt. 
Yates  John  H.  Co.  B  7th  Ills.  Infty,  m.o.  private. 
Lapham  Levi  A.  Co.  F  I3gth  Ills.  Infty.  m.o.  sergt. 
McClure  John  U.  Co.  C  47th  Ills.  Infly.  m.o.  col. 
Adair  .\.  A.  Co.  E  7Sth  Ohio  Infty.  m.o.  capt. 
Miller  Henry  H.  Co.  A  77th  Ills.  Infty.  m.o.  capt. 
Bush  George  M.  Co.  A  17th  Ills.  Infty.  m.o.  corpl. 
McDermot  John  E.  Co.  G  loSlh  Ills.  Infly.  m.o.  corpl. 
Arend.',  Henry  L.  Co.  A  151st  Ills.  Infty.  m.o.  private. 
Taylor  Isaac.  Co.  H  3d  Minn.  Infty.  m.o.  capt. 
Bryner  Byron  C.  Co.  I  47th  Ills.  Infty.  m.o.  private. 
Buchanan  Wm.  G. Co.  E  nth  Ills.  Cav.  m.o.  2d  lieut. 
Putcrbauyh  George,  Co.  F  8th  Ills.  Infty.  m.o.  capt. 
EllisOliver  P.  Co.  E  47th  Ills.  Infty.  and  17th  Ills.  Infty. 

m.o.  musician. 
Kice  James  M.  Co.  E  loth  Ills.  Infty.  m.o.  private. 
Stewart  James  T.  physician  64th  Ills.   Infty.   rank   maj. 

asst.  surg. 
Hitchcock  Frank,  Co.  H  86th  Ills.  Infty.  m.o.  capt. 
Cutter  William. 

Elliott  P.  F.  Co.  E  nth  Ills.  Cav.  i.i.o.  maj. 
Baker  .Samuel    R.  Co.  E  47th    Ills.    Infty.  m.o.  lieut.  col. 
Knowles  Howard,  Co.  D  l3Qth   Ills.    Infty.   m.o.  private. 
Summers  Robert  W.  Co.  E.  77lh  Ills.  Infty.  m.o.  private. 
Charles  Haller  E. 

Post  Wm.  Stephen,  Co.  D  8ist   Ills.  Infly.  m.o.  chaplain. 
Clark    Emmet  M.  Cos.  F  I39lh   Ills.  Infty.  and   E    151st 

Ills.  Infly.  m.o.  private. 
Dodge  Samuel  W.  Co.  C  96th   Ills.   Infty.  m.o.  serg.  sig. 

corps. 
Wilson  Geo.  A.  Co.  G  17th  Ills.  Infly.  and  I4lh  Ills.  Cav. 

m.o.  asst.  surg. 
Detweiller  Henry,  cant.  U.  S.  Steamer  (Yankee). 
Charapney  Oscar  B.  Co.  H  20ih  Ills.  Infty.  m.o.  4th  serg. 
Zimmerman  Andrew,  Co.  E  82d  Ills.  Infty.  m.o.  corpl. 
Hursch  Adolph,  Co.  I  8th  Ills.  Infly.  and  3ISI  Ills.  Infty. 

m.o.  private. 


Niglas  J.  N. 

Schroder  George.  Co.  L  nth  Ills.  Cav.  m.o.  private. 

Boerckel  John  F.  Co.  K  2d  U.  S.  Infty.  m.o.  private. 

Kruse  Jolin. 

Schimpff  .\lbert  L.  Co.  A  26th  Mo.  Infly.  m.o.  private. 

Henderson  Andrew  R. 

Brandt  Henry.  Co.  K  nth  Ohio,  m.o.  private. 

Hansel  Jacob  C.  Co.  A  2d  Ills.  Art.  m.o.  1st  lieut. 

Phillips  Francis  M.  Co.  .\  47th  Ills.  Infly.  m.o.  private. 

Place  Emmerion  O.  Co.  H  S6th  Ills.    Infty.  m.o.  o.  sergt. 

Aulen  James  B.  Co.  C  47th  Ills.  Infty.  m.o.  Isl  lieut. 

Wallin  Aaron  E.  Co.  B  4th  Ills.  Cav.  m.o.  private. 

Lathy  John  F.  Co.  F  I3gth  Ills.  Infty.  m.o.  private. 

Jones  Geo.  W.  Co.  C  148th  Ills.  Infty.  m.o.  private. 

Wonder   James   A.   Co.  C  47th    Ill's.    Infty.    m.o.  drum 

maj. 
Disller  Paul,  Co.  H  nth  Ills.  Cav.  m.o.  capt. 
Schacrer  Thopholus,  Co.  A  lllh  Ills.  Cav.  m.o.  maj. 
Rummel  Carl  F.  Co.s.  D  13th  Ills.  Cav.  and  F  139th   Ills. 

Infty.  m.o.  corpl. 
Kueny  Florin,  Co.  D  2d  Ills.  .\rl.  m.o.  corpl. 
Deane  Charles  H.  86th  Ills.  Infly.  m.o.  lieut.  col. 
Gilliy  Charles  E.  Co.  E  8th  Ills.  Infly.  m.o.  col.  bearer. 
Bassett  Mark  M.  Co.  E  53d  Ills.  Infl'y.  m.o.  capt. 
Kimball  George  H.  7th  Mann  battery,  m.o.  private. 
Tripp  Stephen  S.  Co.  G  nth  Ills.  Cav.  m.o.  capt. 
Wilson  Joseph  F.  8lh  Ills.  Infly.  m.o.  brv.  maj. 
Lamplin  Oliver  B.  Co.  K  155th  Ills.  Infty.    m.o.  private. 
Dibble    Edward    H.   Co.    L)    135th    N.  Y.     Infty.    m.o. 

private. 
Ballance  Chas.  Cos.  F  139th  Ills.  Infty,  and  E  isist  Ills. 

Infty.  m.o.  private. 
Hedrick  John  E.Co.  D  nth  Ills.  Cav.  m.o.  ad  lieut. 
Schimpff  Geo.  H.  Co.  H  8th  Mo.  Infly.  m.o.  private. 
Kinney  Sidney  N.  169th  N.  V.  Vol.  Infty.  m.o.  1st   lieut. 

R.Q   M. 
Maurer  John.  Co.  B  39lh  N.  Jersey,  m.o.  private. 
Tursh  Oscar.  Co.  C  53d  Pa.  Infty    m.o.  private. 
Ross  N.  L.  Co.  H  jolh  Ills.  Vol.  m.o.  private. 
Wasson  James  T.  ("0.  E  8ih  Ills.  Infty.  and  8th  Ills.  Cav. 

m.o.  setgl. 
Aycrs  Henry  P. 
Lawrence  John  G.  Co.  I!  nih  Ills.  Cav.  m.o.  private. 


TIIK    KIBE    DEPARTMENT. 


On  January  8,  1844,  at  a  meeting  of  the  trustees,  on  motion,  it  was  resolved  that  the 
trustees  recuniiiiciid  tliat  a  iiu'ctiiig  of  citizens  of  llif  tiiwn  uf  INiuia  W  failed  by  public 
notice  to  meet  at  the  Cuurt-iiuuso  ou  Tuesday  evening  next  al  half  past  six  o'clock  P. 


HISTORY  OP  PEORIA  COUNTY.  519 

M.,  for  the  purpose  of  devising  means  to  protect  property  from  loss  by  fire,  and  that  the 
clerk  be  authorized  to  give  such  notice  and  to  furnish  liglit,  etc.,  for  the  meeting,  and  to 
charge  the  same  to  the  town. 

Sept.  10,  1846,  the  City  Council  passed  the  following  : 

Resolvfd,     That  Charles  W.  McClallan.  Lewis  Howell  and  Charles   T.  Stearns  (Mayor)  be  and   are  hereby  ap- 
pointed a  committee  to  purchase,  at  the  expense  of  the  city,  a  good  fire  engine  and  hose. 

Nov.  23,  1846,  on  motion  of  John  Hamlin,  it  was  resolved  that  the  Engine  Committee 
be  and  are  hereby  authorized  to  make  a  contract  for  another  engine  similar  to  the  one  al- 
ready purchased,  if  it  can  be  got  by  paying  $500  down  and  the  balance  on  the  first  day 
of  Nov.  next.  These  machines  were  purchased  in  Boston,  Mass.,  and  came  by  water  by 
way  of  New  Orleans  ;  built  by  Hunneman  ;  cost  $1,2.50  each. 

June  8,  1847,  a  petition  was  presented  to  the  Citj^  Council  by  H.  Hahn  and  signed 
M.  S.  Menard  and  a  number  of  citizens,  requesting  that  they  be  allowed  to  form  them- 
selves into  Fire  Co.  No.  2.     On  motion  of  Lewis  Howell,  the  petition  was  granted. 

March  21,  1848,  a  committee  was  appointed  by  the  City  Council  to  purchase  lot  3, 
in  block  6,  for  $300,  for  engine  and  City  Hall.  Committee  were  Lewis  Howell,  C.  W. 
McClellan  and  Dennis  Blakely. 

Jan.  7,  1851.  the  following  citizens  made  application  to  be  organized  into  Fire  Co. 
No.  1 :  Michael  Fash,  foreman  ;  T.  M.  Templin,  1st  assistant ;  D.  D.  Syder,  2d  assistant; 
John  Ramsey,  treasurer  ;  James  Milligan,  secretary. 

Members.  —  John  Anderson,  James  A.  Caswell,  B.  T.  Baldwich,  W.  C.  Reynolds, 
P.  C.  Bartlett,  B.  L.  T.  Bourland,  J.  J.  Thomas,  Jesse  Rice,  O.  H.  Batty,  John  Cora- 
stock,  Peter  Kinney,  James  Bramble,  and  25  others.  This  company  was  organized  into 
Fire  Company  No.  1.  The  engine  was  then  taken  from  the  old  Market  house  on  Wash- 
ington Street,  to  the  new  room  in  City  Hall  building,  Adams  Street.  May  4,  1869,  Fire 
Co.  No.  1  was  again  disbanded  by  the  City  Council. 

Illinois  Engine  Co.  No.  2. — Organized  on  June  8,  1847,  with  34  members.  In  1852 
this  Company  moved  from  the  old  Market  house  to  where  now  stands  the  Central  City 
hose  house.  In  1854  they  received  their  new  Button  engine  and  re-organized  into 
Neptune  Engine  Co.  No.  2. 

Fire  Co.  Young  America,  No.  2,  was  organized  Jan.  4,  1858,  with  66  members. 
John  Goodman  was  foreman  ;  O.  H.  Norton,  1st  assistant ;  John  Waugh,  2nd  assistant ; 
J.  F.  Shaw,  secretary,  and  H.  R.  Moore,  treasurer.  Their  engine  was  a  Hunneman  make 
(old  No.  1).  Their  engine  house  was  Hurd's  barn,  in  Nowland's  alley.  In  the  Fall  of 
1858  the  City  Council  gave  them  the  Button  Engine,  known  as  Neptune  No.  2.  Also 
the  building  now  occupied  by  Central  City  Hose  Co.  The  company  then  changed  their 
No.  from  No.  4  to  2.  This  company  disbanded  on  the  12th  of  October,  1865.  They 
were  the  winners  of  many  elegant  prizes  in  contests. 

Germania  Fire  Co.  No.  3. — Organized  in  February,  1853,  with  16  members.  First 
machine  was  made  by  Kuepferle,  at  St.  Louis.  In  1860  they  received  a  new  engine,  made 
by  Wm.  Jeffers.  In  August,  1867,  they  gave  their  hand  engine  to  the  city,  having  pur-  . 
chased  a  Jefi'ers  steamer,  the  city  paying  part.  The  company  kept  their  first  machine  in 
an  old  blacksmith  shop  on  Washington  Street,  near  the  old  Board  of  Trade  building.  In 
the  Summer  of  1854  they  removed  to  their  new  house,  built  for  them  on  Liberty  Street. 
This  company  won  many  elegant  prizes  at  tournaments,  and  did  valuable  service  in  the 
extinguishment  of  fires. 

Netv  Peoria  Fire  Company,  No.  4. — Organized  October  26,  1858,  with  sixteen  men 
besides  the  foreman,  Joseph  Shock.  Their  first  engine  was  the  old  No.  1.  October  20, 
1865,  the  City  Council  transferred  the  Button  Engine,  Young  America,  No.  2,  to  them, 
which  the}'  are  now  the  owners  of.  They  are  the  conquerors  of  many  a  hard  fought 
tournament,  winning  the  State  champion  broom  three  times  in  succession  ;  also  the  na- 


520 


HISTORY  OF  PEORIA  COFNTT. 


tional  championship,  at  Chicago,  September  4,  1878,  with  $000  in  gold.  The  company 
have  a  benevolent  organization  for  themselves,  with  •5'n,o00  in  the  treasury.  They 
are  the  only  volunteer  company  in  the  city,  and  still  render  valuable  assistance  at 
fires. 

Steamer  Central  City  No.  1. — Placed  in  service  May  21, 18G6.  Hank  Seely,  engineer  ; 
Ben.  Wright,  stoker;  hosemen,  O.  H.  Norton,  John  Waugh,  and  M.  Pevex ;  salaries — 
engineer,  $90  per  month  ;  hosemen  and  stoker,  $4.")  per  montii  each.  The  hosemen  and 
stoker  were  allowed  to  work  at  their  trades,  they  being  only  required  to  be  on  duty  in 
time  of  fires. 

In  the  Summer  of  1870,  the  steamer  was  laid  up,  the  water  works  taking  her 
place.  The  same  Summer  the  Gamewell  Fire  Alarm  Telegraph  system  was  accepted  by 
the  city. 

The  first  fire  bell  was  on  the  frame  church,  on  Main  Street,  where  now  stands 
Bushe's  Block. 

Neptune  Engine  Company  No.  5,  was  organized  September  3, 1867,  with  A.  J.  Fosby, 
president ;  Wm.  Roth,  foreman  ;  Chas.  Waugh,  1st  assistant ;  Louis  Zinger,  secretary  ; 
Emil  Huber,  treasurer;  Ed.  Owens,  steward  ;  and  thirty-five  members.  Although  this 
company  was  short-lived,  it  did  eflScient  service  at  fires  during  its  existence.  It 
was  disbanded  by  the  City  Council,  May  19,  1869,  the  water  works  taking  its  place. 

Phoenix  Hook  and  Ladder  Company  No.  1,  was  organized  February  10,  1856,  with 
ten  members. 

The  following  is  the  roster  of  the  Chiefs  and  Assistants,  with  date  of  their  accession 
to  office : 


1845.  Dec.  32.  Chester  Hamlin,  P.   I.   Mosher,  Clark 

Cleveland. 

1846.  Clark  Cleveland.  Amos  P.  Bartlelt. 

1847.  Clark  Cleveland. 

1848.  A.  P.  Bartlett.  C.  M.  McCIellan,   W.  M.  Dodge. 

1849.  Hugh  J.  Sweeny,  C.  II.  Kuggles,  James  Heaton. 

1849.  Clark  Cleveland. 

1850.  Chas.  li.  Kuggles.  James  Heaton,  fames  Haz- 

zard. 

1851.  Chas.   H.   Ruggles,  A.    P.   liartlett,  Jamer  lla^- 

zard. 
1851.   Peter  .Sweet,  James  Hazzard,  Luther  Card. 

1853.  Chas.  W.  McClellcn,  \V.  J.  Haskell,  James  Haz- 

zard. 

1854.  Hugh  J.  Sweeny,  W.  J.  Haskell,  Thomas  Scho- 

ler. 

1855.  A.  P.  Bartlett,  \V.  J.  Haskell,  Thomas  Scholer. 

1856.  James  H.izzard.  Thomas  Scholer. 

1857.  Wm.  H.  Haskell,  James  L.  Kash,  GodfreyGold- 

beck. 

1858.  Z.  N.  Hotchkiss,  John  Waugh,  Peter  Blumb. 

1859.  /..  N.  Hotchkiss,  John  Waugh,  Thomas  Scholer. 


i860.  H.  G.  Anderson,  Thomas  Scholer,   Albert  Pott- 

hoff. 
1861.  J.  J.  Thomas,  Leopold  Ballingberg,  John  Weber. 

1861.  John   Waugh. 

1862.  J.  J.  Thomas,  Thomas  Scholer.  John  Mahler. 

1863.  J.  J.  Thomas,  J.  Dockstader,  E.  Kramb. 

1864.  M.  I!.  Laughlin.  Wm.  H.  Still. 

1865.  J.  J.  Thomas,  Wm.  H.  Still. 

1866.  J.  J.  Thomas,  John  Weber,  Wm.  Glass. 

1867.  John  Waugh,  Si.  Ilutt.  .M.  Pfeiffer. 

1868.  John  Waugh,  John  Wcbcr,  Wm.  Glass. 

1569.  Held  over. 

1570.  Nicholas  Louis. 

1871.  Supt.  Water  Works,  Carl   Miller,  Wm.  Roth. 

1872.  Supt.  Water  Works,  Carl   Miller,  Wm.  Koth. 

1873.  Supt.  Water  Works,  Wm.  McLean. 

1874.  Supt.  Water  Works,  E.  S.  Easton,  Pat.  Toben. 
1S75.  O.  H.  Norton,  elected. 

1876.  11.  H.  Norton,  appointed  by  the  Mayor. 
1S77.  O.  H.  Norton,  appointed  by  the  Mayor. 

1875.  James  II.  White,  .appointed  by  the  Mayor. 
1879.  James  II.  White,  appointed  by  the  Mayor. 


At  the  present  time  the  engines  are  in  service  as  follows:  Old  No.  1,  at  Elmwood. 
111.;  New  No.  1,  at  Mendota,  111.;  Illinois  No.  2,  iron  pile;  Neptune  No.  2,  Young  Amer- 
ica No.  2,  at  Peoria  ;  New  Peoria  No.  4,  Germania  No. :?,  iron  pile  ;  Germania  No.  3, 
Henry,  111.;  Germania  No.  :!,  steamer.  Rock  Island;  Central  City,  steamer.  Independence, 
Iowa. 

The  Paid  Fire  Department. — March  9,  1875,  on  motion  of  Alderman  Chas.  Kellogg, 
the  oriiinance  creating  ii  paid  fire  ilepartmciil  was  taken  up  anil  passetl  by  a  inianimous 
vote.  Aldernum  White,  at  the  same  meeting,  moved  to  go  into  the  election  of  chief.  J. 
J.  Thomas  received  two  votes,  Dan.  Keef  two,  John  Waugh,  Jr.  two,  O.  H.  Norton  eight 
votes.     ().  H.  Norton  was  declared  elected,  at  a  salary  of  $1,000  jier  annum. 

The  paid  department  was  organized  March  9,  1875,  and   its   first  members  were:  O. 


HISTORY   OF   PEORIA   COUXTY.  5^1 

H.  Norton,  chief;  Central  Hose  Co.,  Jess  Hammett,  James  Smith,  Adam  Schneider; 
Holly  Hose  Co.,  Henry  Schearer,  Xavier  Stuttzmann,  Maurice  Lynch  ;  Bluff  Hose  Co.,  H. 
F.  Johnson,  James  VVasson,  H.  J.  Clawson;  Chemical  Engine  No.  1,  John  Waugh,  F.  M. 
Phillips,  David  Deck ;  Chemical  Engine  No.  2,  Adam  Schneider,  Chas.  Upton,  Maurice 
Ljnch. 

The  present  force  of  the  paid  department  consists  of  three  four-wheel  hose  carriages 
and  two  two-tank  chemical  engines ;  one  chief  and  fifteen  paid  men  in  full  uniform. 
They  are  all,  by  ordinance,  required  to  give  their  whole  time  to  the  department.  The 
houses  are  fitted  ujj  witli  all  the  modern  improvements,  and  in  point  of  efficiency  they 
are  among  the  first  in  the  Union.  The  following  are  the  present  companies  :  Central 
City  Hose  Co.,  placed  in  service  1870 ;  Holly  Hose  Co.,  placed  in  service  1872  :  Bluff 
Hose  Co.,  placed  in  service  1875;  Chemical  No.  1,  placed  in  service  1875 ;  Chemical  No. 
2,  placed  in  service  1877. 

Cost  of  the  fire  department  from  its  first  organization  in  1846  to  1880  :  Real  and 
personal  propert}',  1165,000  ;  Salaries  and  expense  of  maintenance,  $108,500  ;  making  a 
total  of  $273,500.  Number  of  fires  and  loss  same  time  :  Fires,  1,780 ;  loss,  $2,500,000. 
Number  of  feet  of  hose,  19,300.  Fire  statistics  from  organization  of  the  paid  fire  depart- 
ment, 1875  to  1880 : 


Year. 

Fires. 

Loss. 

Insurance. 

E: 

xpense  of  Maintenance. 

1875 

53 

S45.663 

$90,970 



$20,285.97 

1876 

45 

85,617 

121,250 



15,713-82 

1877 

76         - 

S6,8o2 

203,550 



18,108.59 

1878 

So 

71.562 

244,550 



17,345-36 

18S0 

106 
260 

102,098 
$391,742 

....      1,835,710 

18,897.14 

$2,496,030 

$90,350.88 

Total. 

Before  the  introduction  of  the  fire  engines,  it  was  the  general  understanding  that 
every  citizen  hearing  an  alarm  of  fire  should  carry  his  bucket,  which  was  kept  at  some 
convenient  place,  to  the  fire.  They  would  tlien  form  themselves  into  two  lines  extend- 
ing from  the  river  or  pumps  to  the  fire  ;  one  line  passed  the  full  buckets  to  the  fii'e,  the 
other  the  empty  buckets  back.  How  would  this  bucket  brigade  compare  with  the  pres- 
ent efficient  fire  department,  if  they  were  brought  into  execution  together  ?  The  citizens 
would  shout,  halt !  and  stand  aside,  bucket  brigade,  to  give  room  for  the  advanced  and 
enlightened  firemen. 

WATER  SUPPLY. 

In  the  early  days  ot  its  history,  the  inhabitants  of  Peoria  experienced  little  difficulty 
in  obtaining  tlie  requisite  supply  of  good  water.  Numerous  springs  issued  from  the  banks 
along  tlie  margin  of  the  Illinois  river,  which  furnished  the  citizens  in  that  vicinity,  ex- 
cept when  tlie  river  was  so  high  as  to  overflow  them.  The  lower  city  is  built  upon  a 
plateau  of  porous  drift  or  gravel,  which  is  permeable  and  always  saturated  witli  water  to 
the  level  of  the  river,  and  below  Adams  street  it  is  easily  accessible  by  sinking  wells. 
Farther  back  toward  the  bluff  a  part  of  the  people  were  supplied  from  springs,  some 
dozen  of  which  flowed  out  in  copious  streams  from  its  base ;  and  still  others  dug  cisterns 
into  which  they  conducted  the  rainfall  from  their  house-tops,  and  as  they  were  not  jet 
subject  to  the  annoyance  from  the  use  of  coal  as  fuel,  they  could,  by  a  little  attention  to 
filtering,  make  this  rain-water  all  that  could  be  desired  for  drinking  and  household 
purposes. 

From  Adams  street  back  toward  the  bluff  wells  were  found  impracticable,  because 
of  the  great  depth  —  over  eighty  feet  —  necessary  to  go  to  reach  a  permanent  supply, 
which  could  only  be  obtained  by  digging  to  the  low  water  level  of  the  river,  and  the  wa- 
ter could  not  be  raised  by  the  ordinary  valve  pump.  Consequently  Stephen  Stillman 
devised  the 
39 


522  HISTORY   OF  PEORIA  COUNTY. 

FIRST    WATER    WORKS 

as  early  as  1833,  wliich  consisted  simply  in  conveying  the  water  of  a  spring  which  issued 
from  the  bluff  in  front  of  what  was  known  as  the  old  Frink  residence  —  more  latterly 
owned  by  Dr.  Cooper  —  through  wooden  pipes,  bored  bj-  hand,  to  the  Court-house  square. 

At  the  March  term  of  the  County  Commissioners'  Court  an  agreement  was  made 
with  Mr.  Stillman,  granting  to  him  and  his  heirs  and  assigns  the  exclusive  right  to  bring 
water  on  to  the  public  squiue.  One  of  the  principal  objects  of  this  grant  probably  was 
to  procure  a  supply  of  water  to  mix  the  mortar,  and  for  otlier  uses  in  the  construction  of 
the  new  Court-house  about  to  be  erected.  Stillman's  water  works  were  of  short  dura- 
tion, owing  to  his  inability  to  carry  out  the  projected  plans. 

Subsequently  a  company  was  formed  for  a  similar  purpose,  and  a  spring  situated  on 
the  nortiieast  of  section  8,  T.  8  N.,  II.  8  E.  of  the  fourth  principal  meridian  was  inclosed 
with  masonry  of  brick,  and  lead  pipes  were  laid  down  into  the  city,  conveying  the  water 
to  a  number  of  families.  And  it  soon  became  apparent  that  this  was  insufficient  for  gen- 
eral uses. 

Other  attempts  were  afterwards  made  to  organize  water  companies,  but  were  unsuc- 
cessful, and  the  people  depended  upon  the  sources  before  mentioned  for  this  liquid  ne- 
cessity until  the  19th  of  January,  1864,  when  Peoria  having  become  a  city  of  20,000 
population,  the  City  Council  became  aware  of  the  pressing  need  for  a  more  extensive 
water  supply,  and  the  following  resolution  was  adopted  : 

"Resolved,  That  a  committee  of  three,  in  connection  with  the  City  Engineer  and 
Surveyor,  be  appointed  by  the  Mayor,  to  enquire  into  the  expediency  of  erecting  water 
works  in  the  city,  and  report  plans  and  probable  cost,  expenses,  and  all  things  pertaining 
to  the  same,  at  the  next  regular  meeting  of  the  Council." 

The  committee  chosen  was  composed  of  Aid.  Fredrick  Boiil.  P.  R.  K.  Brothei-son 
and  Mr.  Dunne ;  but  before  any  report  was  made  Mr.  Dunne  and  City  Engineer  Russell 
retired  from  the  Council,  and  Isaac  Underbill  and  M.  H.  Loughlin  were  appointed  in 
their  stead.  The  committee  handed  in  its  report  on  June  21,  lt?G4,  which  embraced 
surveys,  carefully  prepared  estimates  of  construction  and  running  expenses  of  water 
works  adequate  for  25,000  people.  The  committee  estimated  that  it  would  be  necessary 
to  issue  bonds  to  the  amount  of  about  •'J'300,000,  in  order  to  i)rovide  for  the  cost  of  the 
works,  the  additional  sewerage,  etc.,  and  recommended  that  the  report  be  received  and 
placed  on  file,  and  a  thousand  copies  be  printed  and  distributed  among  the  tax-payers  of 
the  city  ;  and  that  the  city  charter  be  so  amended  by  the  next  Legislature  as  to  author- 
ize the  city  to  issue  the  requisite  amount  of  bonds  to  complete  the  works,  provided  that 
the  majority  of  the  voters  in  the  city  should  vote  in  favor  of  issuing  such  bonds.  Tlie 
report  was  received  and  recommendations  concurred  in.  On  tlie  tenth  day  of  April, 
1865,  at  the  general  city  election,  a  vote  was  taken  on  the  question  of  the  Water  Works, 
and  out  of  2,300  only  203  were  cast  in  favor  of  the  project. 

In  1867  another  election  was  ordered  by  tiie  City  Council  on  tlie  question  ;  the  elec- 
tion was  held  in  some  of  tlie  wards,  in  October  of  that  year,  but  lus  there  was  no  election 
in  the  2d,  .">tli  and  Gth  wards,  the  matter  was  dropped  until  February  4,  1868,  at  which 
time  Aid.  Francis  presented  to  the  Council  the  following,  wliich  wivs  adopted : 

"  Keiolvtd,  Thai  the  Mayor  be  authorized  to  appoint  a  committee  of  three  members  of  this  Council  to  take  into 
consideration  the  matter  of  supplyiiij;  the  city  with  water  ;  and  that  said  committee  be  empowered  to  employ  a  suit- 
able engineer  and  assistants  to  mnkc  the  necessary  plans,  surveys,  estimates,  etc.,  for  the  work,  and  submit  the  same 
to  the  Council  at  the  earliest  possible  moment ;  and  also  that  said  committee  be  authorized  to  visit  such  places  as 
they  may  deem  necessary  to  i;et  information  on  the  subject  of  water  works." 

Aids.  Francis,  Emery  and  Laughlin  were  appointed  the  committee,  and  on  the  3d 
of  March.  1868,  they  made  the  following  report: 

"That  they  had  visited  the  cities  of  Chicago  and  .St.  I.ouis  and  maile  a  personal  examination  of  the  works  in 
those  cities  ;  that  they  had  not  gone  to  the  expense  of  employing  an   engineer  lor  the   season  ;  that  from  what  they 


HISTORY  OP  PEORIA  COUNTY.  523 

can  learn  from  the  plans  and  recommendations  of  O.  Chanute,  Esq.,  they  are  nearly  what  is  needed,  with  slight  ad- 
ditions to  the  prices  of  labor  and  materials." 

The  committee  urged  the  necessity  of  building  water  works  at  once,  as  by  an  act  of 
the  legislature  the  city  was  authorized  to  issue  bonds  to  the  amount  of  $300,000,  the 
proceeds  to  be  devoted  to  that  purpose.  That  if  a  reservoir  be  located  on  the  bluff  at 
the  narrows  —  near  the  Frye  place  —  it  will  be  200  feet  above  the  low  water  mark  and 
seventy  feet  above  the  cupola  of  the  Court-house,  giving  a  head  and  force  sufScient  to 
obviate  the  necessity  of  any  fire  engines  under  the  bluff.  The  committee  reported  "  An 
ordinance  establishing  water  works  in  the  city  of  Peoria,"  which  was  passed.  At  the 
same  time  "  An  ordinance  authorizing  the  Mayor  of  the  city  of  Peoria  to  issue  bonds  to 
the  amount  of  $300,000  for  the  purpose  of  building  and  completing  water  works  in  the 
city  of  Peoria,"  was  passed.     On  April  11,  1868,  Aid.  Francis  presented  the  following : 

"  Resolved,  That  the  Mayor  of  the  city  of  Peoria  be  and  is  hereby  authorited  and  empowered  to  borrow  from 
time  to  time,  as  it  may,  in  the  opinion  of  the  Water  Works  Committee  be  required,  the  sum  of  $300,000  at  a  rate  of 
interest  not  to  exceed  ten  per  cent.,  to  enable  said  committee  to  pay  the  necessary  expenses  of  the  survey  and  esti- 
mates for  the  proposed  water  works." 

On  May  25th  the  following  were  selected  by  the  Council  as  the  Water  Works  Com- 
mittee :  Aldermen  Francis,  Emery,  Barker,  Day  and  Kinsey.  May  25th  the  committee 
reported  : 

Immediately  upon  the  organization,  your  committee  engaged  with  Joseph  A.  Locke,  Assistant  Engineer  of  the 
Louisville  Water  Works,  to  make  a  survey  and  estimates  of  the  cost  of  works  capable  of  supplying  the  city  of  Peoria 
with  two  millions  gallons  of  water  per  day.  Such  survey  and  estimates  were  made,  and  the  latter  is  herewith  sub- 
mitted : 

Reservoir • _$  52,250 

Pumping  Works 45^350 

Force  and  Supply  Mains 76.558 

Distribution _. - 103,260 

Engineering,  etc 32,641 

Total - $310,059 

The  estimate  does  not  cover  the  cost  of  ground  for  reservoir  or  pumping  works. 

The  committee  visited  Cincinnati,  Cleveland,  Buffalo,  Pittsburgh  and  Syracuse. 

During  the  progress  of  the  survey  the  attention  of  the  committee  was  called  to  the 
Holly  system  of  water  works,  to  which  they  were  at  first  opposed,  but  after  visiting 
Lockport  and  Auburn,  where  this  system  was  in  operation,  they  were  satisfied  that  nearly 
$100,000  could  be  saved  to  the  city  by  adopting  the  Holly  instead  of  the  reservoir-  sys- 
tem.    The  committee  reported  the  following  estimate  for  building  on  the  Holly  plan : 

iSJ^  miles  of  Pipes,  130  Hydrants,  etc - $137,811.53 

20,000  ft.  8  in.  Pipe  for  Bluft.. - - 33.634-78 

Buildings,  etc 7,772.00 

Pumps,  Engines,  etc..   Holly  System 40,000.00 

Freight  on  Pumps,  etc - - 3,500.00 

Filtering  Well,  Inlet,  Pipe,  etc 12,650.00 

Total - $235,368.31 

The  committee  was  authorized  by  the  Council  to  contract  with  the  Holly  Manu- 
facturing Company,  of  Lockport,  N.  Y.,  for  the  necessary  engines,  pumps  and  other 
machinery  for  the  application  of  the  company's  system  of  water  works  to  Peoria,  at  a 
cost  not  to  exceed  the  sum  of  $40,000.  The  city's  agent  in  New  York  City  was  instructed 
not  to  sell  the  city  bonds,  issued  for  building  the  water  works  for  less  than  ninety  cents 
on  the  dollar. 

After  advertising  for  proposals,  the  contract  for  laying  the  water  pipes  was  awarded 
to  Patrick  Harmon  ;  and  the  contract  for  erecting  the  buildings  for  the  water  works  was 
let  to  Valentine  Jobst.  An  ordinance  was  passed  for  locating  the  site,  and  purchasing 
the  land  for  the  Peoria  water  works,  and  the  right  of  waj-  over  the  steam  ferry  road. 


524  HISTORY  OF  PEORIA  COUNTY. 

On  August  7th  the  committee  reported  that  they  had  contracted  with  Gaylord  &  Co.,  of 
Cincinnati,  for  one  thousand  tons  of  cast  iron  water  pipes.  The  contract  was  approved  ; 
and  a  contract  was  made  on  June  30,  1869,  with  William  Smitli,  of  Pittsburgh,  for  five 
hundred  tons  of  water  pipe,  at  $69  per  ton  ;  and  an  ordinance  passed  authorizing  the 
issue  of  150,000  of  water  bonds,  to  complete  the  water  works  in  the  city  of  Peoria. 

On  August  1st  water  rents  were  issued  against  persons  living  on  the  line  of  water 
pipes  who  took  water. 

The  water  works  were  completed  in  1869.  Twenty-five  and  one-fourth  miles  of 
water  pipe  had  been  laid,  and  200  double  fire  hydrants,  with  the  capacity-  of  one  engine, 
put  in.  The  total  cost  of  construction  was  $431,790.45.  Five  hundred  one  thousand 
dollars  bonds,  bearing  interest  at  six,  seven,  and  ten  per  cent.,  were  sold,  from  which  was 
realized  the  sum  of  $453,020.65. 

Two  pumps  were  purchased  in  1875,  a  Dean,  at  a  cost  of  $6,000,  and  a  Cameron,  at 
a  cost  of  $2,500. 

The  city  now  contains  forty-six  miles  of  water  mains,  and  253  fire  hydrants.  The 
present  pumping  capacity  of  the  works  is  3,250,000  gallons  in  twenty-four  hours.  The 
total  yearly  expenses  of  running  the  water  system  of  the  city,  including  wages,  repairs, 
and  every  thing  save  the  interest  on  the  bonded  debt,  is  $15,800.  The  interest  on  the 
debt  is  $33,000  per  annum. 

The  water  works  buildings  are  situated  on  the  bank  of  the  river  in  the  upper  end  of 
the  city,  some  two  miles  from  the  Court-house,  and  are  substantially  built  of  brick.  The 
water  is  taken  by  means  of  a  large  main  from  the  Illinois  river  —  more  properly  Peoria 
lake  —  some  two  hundred  yards  from  the  western  shore.  A  careful  chemical  analysis  of 
the  Peoria  lake  water,  shows  it  to  contain  3.36  grains  of  organic  matter,  and  4.42  grains 
mineral  matter  to  the  gallon,  a  total  of  7.60  grains.  Tiiis  analysis  was  made  in  the  Win- 
ter ;  the  water  in  the  summer  and  fall  would  show  a  slightly  increased  per  cent,  of  or- 
ganic matter.  The  mineral  matter  is  chiefly  carbonates  of  lime,  which,  it  is  now  claimed 
by  scientists,  adds  to  the  healthfulness  of  water  for  drinking,  when  not  exceeding  five  to 
ten  grains  to  the  gallon.  There  are  several  large  cities  in  tlie  country  whose  water  sup- 
plies contain  a  greater  per  cent,  of  solid  matter.  That  of  Rochester,  N.  Y.,  exceeds 
eleven  grains  per  gallon. 

HOUSE   OF   CORRECTION. 

In  the  present  moral  status  of  society,  every  consideral)le  city  is  more  or  less  afflicted 
with  a  class  of  indigent  petty  criminals  and  vagabonds,  whose  chief  aim  is  to  subsist  b}* 
pilfering  from  the  earnings  and  substance  of  honest,  industrious  people.  This  is  especially 
true  of  places  which  have  tiie  reputation  of  thrift  and  prosperity.  Peoria  is  no  exception 
to  this  rule,  and  has  her  share  of  these  pests.  As  the  city  grew  in  wealth  and  numl)ei-s, 
it  become  apparent  to  the  county  and  city  officials  that  neces.sity  demanded  some  steps 
to  be  taken  to  reimburse  the  local  treasuries  for  tiie  expenses  incurred  in  dealing  with 
this  class  of  offenders,  who  were  unable  or  unwilling  to  pay  the  fines  assessed  upon  them. 
After  canvassing  the  matter  it  was  deemed  advisal)le  to  establish  a  House  of  Correction 
in  the  city,  wiiere  those  violators  of  law  and  order  could  be  incarcerated,  and  society 
thus  protected  from  further  depredations,  and  at  the  same  time  compel  the  criminals  to 
labor  to  defray  the  cost  of  tlieir  living  and  to  work  out  tlieir  penalties.  Resides,  the  es- 
tablishment of  such  a  liouse  would  l)e  an  act  of  charity  to  the  young  and  unwary  who 
had  just  taken  the  first  steps  in  lawlessness  and  dissipation.  Hy  providing  for  them  a 
place  where  they  would  not  l)e  housed  and  associated  witii  hardened  criminals,  where 
humanizing  influences  would  surround  them.  and.  upon  their  release,  the  stigma  of  dis- 
grace woulil  not  rest  so  heavily  upon  them  as  to  ostracise  them  from  respectable  society, 
and  prevent  them  from  securing  employment  by  which  to  earn  an  honest  living. 

Accordingly,  on  the  8tli  day  of  May,  187H,  at  a  joint  meeting  of  the  two  Hoards,  an 


I 


HISTORY  OF  PEORIA  COUNTY.  525 

article  of  agreement  was  executed  and  signed  for  the  purpose  of  establishing  such  a 
house.  A  committee  of  six  members,  three  from  the  Board  of  Supervisors  and  three  from 
the  Board  of  Aldermen,  was  chosen  to  purchase  grounds  and  erect  suitable  buildings. 
Six  and  a  fourtli  acres  of  the  northeasterly  side  of  the  water  works  grounds  —  formerly 
the  city  park  —  was  purchased,  at  a  cost  of  $400  per  acre,  the  county  paying  $2,500  of 
the  purchase  money,  and  the  city  the  remainder. 

Preparations  were  immediately  made  to  erect  the  buildings.  Materials  were  gath- 
ered and  the  work  advanced  to  completion  under  the  supervision  of  the  committee  of  six 
above  noted,  and  on  the  9th  of  April,  1879,  Alexander  Furst,  who  had  been  selected  as 
superintendent,  moved  in.  The  first  installment  of  prisoners  was  received  on  the  15th 
of  the  same  month. 

The  house  is  a  substantial  bi'ick  structure,  two  stories  high,  and  contains  sixty-eight 
cells,  besides  the  office,  reception  room,  kitchen,  store  room,  wash  room,  bath  rooms,  and 
living  rooms  for  the  family  of  the  superintendent.  The  total  cost  of  the  ground  and 
buildings  was  $18,000,  of  which  the  county  paid  $8,000. 

Upon  the  completion  of  the  building  the  premises  were  placed  under  the  control  of 
a  Board  of  Inspectors,  composed  of  the  Mayor — who  always  acts  as  president  —  and 
three  other  members  appointed  by  him,  subject  to  the  approval  of  the  Board  of  City 
Aldermen.  Their  term  of  office  is  three  years.  The  present  board  consists  of  Mayor 
John  Warner,  Eugene  F.  Baldwin  and  Valentine  Jobst,  of  the  city,  and  Alva  Dunlap, 
Supervisor  from  Radnor  township. 

The  county  has  a  right  to  send  prisoners  there  and  have  them  kept  subject  to  the 
rules  of  the  house,  by  paying  forty-five  cents  a  day  per  capita,  the  city  receiving  the 
benefits  from  their  labor. 

The  criminals  are  credited  fifty  cents  per  day,  besides  their  board,  to  apply  on  their 
fines  imposed.  The  character  of  the  labor  performed  is  such  as  the  prisoners  can  be 
advantagously  employed  at  on  the  grounds,  preparing  macadam  for  the  streets  in  inclem- 
ent weather,  and  in  the  pleasant  season  on  outside  improvements  about  the  city. 

The  nine  months  of  its  active  operation  under  the  efficient  management  of  Super- 
intendent Furst  has  already  demonstrated  the  wisdom  of  its  establishment.  Its  existence 
has  not  onl}'  greatly  reduced  the  criminal  expenses  of  the  city  and  county  in  the  cost  of 
keeping  persons  held  in  confinement,  but  has  tended  to  greatly  lessen  the  number  of 
criminal  offences.  The  place  is  the  embodiment  of  neatness  and  order,  and  any  one 
visiting  the  premises  must  conclude  the  House  of  Correction  is  a  blessing,  not  alone  as  a 
protection  to  society  at  large,  but  to  the  pooi-,  misguided  creatures  whom  it  clothes,  and 
feeds,  and  shelters,  and  restrains,  for  a  time  at  least,  from  the  commission  of  additional 
and  greater  transgressions. 

The  financial  report  of  Superintendent  Furst,  handed  in  the  first  of  January,  1880, 
embodies  some  statistics  which  are  deemed  of  sufficient  value  to  entitle  them  to  a  place 
in  this  article,  and  which  are  here  given  : 

Financial  Report  of  the  Work  House  from  April  9  to  Dec.  31,  1879.  —  The  report 
of  Alexander  Furst,  keeper  of  the  Peoria  Work  House,  for  the  nine  months  (lacking 
nine  days)  ending  Dec.  31,  1879,  as  to  receipts  and  expenditures: 

RECEIPTS. 

Cash  from  city $4,259  22 

Steam,  fuel   and  gaslight - 378  30 

Due  from   city  for  bills  audited 1,825  43 

From   county  for  improvements,  cash 1,000  00 

From  county  for  boarding  prisoners 3S7   90 

From   sale  of  vegetables 84  65 

From   other  sources 1 65  00 

Total   receipts. ..$8,000  50 


526  HISTORY  OF  PEORIA  COITNTY. 

EXPENDITURES. 

Groceries I   899  58 

Meats 253  89 

Flour  and  meal a88  40 

Vegetables 92  78 

Disperi'iary 12  80 

Bedding  and  clothing 639  86 

Furniture - --  773  3^ 

Furnishing  and  tools 49'  02 

Barn   and  forage . . 601  64 

Improvements  and  repairs 633  05 

Construction 722  60 

Incidental,  light  and  fuel 404  62 

Salaries 2.476  90 

Total  expenditures $8,000  00 

MISCELLANEOUS. 

During  the  time  for  which  the  report  is  made  there  were  served  to  prisoners 
8,990  rations.  The  number  of  prisonei-s  received  from  April  13  to  December  31,  was 
238,  of  which  202  were  male  and  36  females.  Remaining  in  prison  December  31,  male 
28,  female  7  ;  total  35. 

Of  the  entire  numl^er  of  prisoners  received  during  the  year,  217  were  from  police 
courts,  12  from  County  Court,  8  from  Circuit  Court,  and  1  from  United  States  Court. 

The  offences  for  which  the  prisoners  were  confined  were  as  follows : 

Vagrancy 43 

Drunk  and  disorderly II9 

Drunk 16 

Assault  and  battery 19 

Inmates  and  keeper  house  of  ill  fame 13 

Breaking  in  railroad  cars 7 

Larceny 17 

Burglary  and  larceny ..     2 

Violating  postal  laws I 

Violating  Sunday  liquor  laws I 

The  nativity  of  the  prisoners  is  given  as  follows :  United  States,  142  ;  Canada,  4 ; 
Newfoundland,  1  ;  England,  7 ;  Ireland,  56  ;  Scotland,  1 ;  Wales,  1  ;  Germany,  23  ; 
Sweden,  3. 

Tlie  social  relation  of  the  prisoners  is  as  follows  :  Single,  163  ;  married,  58  ;  wid- 
owers, 15  ;  widows,  2. 

Thus  it  is  proven  that  the  married  state  is  largely  a  bar  to  the  work  house. 

TRANSPORTATION   FACILITIES. 

Steamhoating.  —  Previous  to  1832  there  were  no  steamboats  running  regular  trips 
on  the  Illinois  river.  The  little  transportation  that  took  place  in  tlie  first  years  of  white 
settlement  along  its  banks  was  carried  on  bv  means  of  canoes,  skiffs,  flat,  and  keel  boats. 
The  early  })ioneers  lived  in  a  j«iain,  hoini'ly  style  ;  their  wants  were  few,  and  their  means 
meager.  Their  larders,  a-s  well  as  tlieir  wardrobes  were  supplied  from  the  thicket  or  the 
little  farm.  Their  clothing  was  homespun  and  homemade,  and  their  edibles  were  tlie 
result  of  the  chase  or  of  their  own  raising.  They  were  little  disposed  to  indulge  in 
foreign  luxuries,  which  was  well  ;  for  had  they  been  thus  inclined,  tliey  had  not  the 
means  to  en,joy,  as  there  was  very  little  money  to  be  obtained  and  nothing  to  sell  to  pro- 
cure it.  Consequently  there  was  no  demand  for  boats,  except  of  that  primitive  sort  wliich 
could  be  propelled  hy  the  labor  of  one  or  at  most  few  men.  Before  tlie  year  1H:^0,  there 
was  scarcely  any  produce  to  be  shipped  abroad,  as  there  was  l)ut  a  small  amount  raised 
and  no  demand  for  tliat  little,  that  would  jtistify  transporting  it  to  market,  and  there  was 
little  or  no  merchandise  wanted.  But  time  and  progressive  improvement  wrought  a 
gradual  change. 


HISTORY  OF  PEORIA  COUNTY.  527 

According  to  the  best  authorities  obtainable,  the  first  steamboat  that  ever  arrived  at 
Peoria  was  the  Liberty,  in  December  of  1829.  The  second  boat  to  land  here  was  the  S. 
B.  Triton,  which  was  chartered  by  John  Hamlin  at  St.  Louis,  to  bring  up  a  stock  of  goods 
he  had  gone  tliere  to  purchase  for  his  store  in  the  Spring  of  1830.  In  1832  the  Fairy 
made  a  trip,  stopping  at  Peoria,  and  John  Hamlin  entered  into  a  contract  to  purchase 
one-half  of  the  boat  upon  her  return  and  delivery ;  but  she  was  lost  near  the  mouth  of 
the  Missouri,  on  her  way  up.  There  were  four  steamboats  running  on  the  Illinois  to 
Peoria  in  1833.  The  Exchange,  the  Utility,  the  Peoria,  and  the  Friendship.  The  latter 
boat  was  built  at  Brownsville,  Pa,  and  came  around  into  the  Illinois  river  in  the  Spring 
of  1832,  and  was  the  first  new  steamboat  bought  and  run  regularly  upon  the  Illinois.     It 

was  purchased  by  Captain  Hamlin,  Henry  Stillman   and  Peter   Menard.     Capt. 

Hamlin  had  charge  of  her  that  year,  and  a  part  of  the  year  following,  Stillman  still  serv- 
ing as  pilot,  and  Capt.  William  A.  Hall,  still  a  much  respected  resident  of  Peoria,  was 
her  engineer. 

In  1834,  immigration  began  to  increase ;  enterprising  people  from  the  older  States 
were  seeking  homes  among  the  broad  acres  of  the  Prairie  State,  and  commerce  on  the 
river  attained  such  magnitude  as  to  warrant  enlarged  transportation  facilities.  That  year, 
the  Express,  Herald,  Argus  and  Winnebago  were  added  to  those  before  named.  Others 
came  in  183u  and  1836,  among  them  the  Jo.  Davis,  purchased  by  Capt.  Wm.  A.  Hall 
and  his  brother  David,  of  Peoria,  in  January,  1835.  They  ran  it  until  the  following 
August,  when  it  was  sunk  at  the  head  of  Grand  Island,  below  the  mouth  of  Spoon  river. 
During  the  years  from  1835  to  1840,  the  Mississippi  steamboats  frequently  ran  up  the 
Illinois  as  far  as  Lacon,  in  times  of  high  water,  and  loaded  with  pork  for  the  New  Orleans 
market.  In  1840,  the  number  of  different  boats  making  trips  from  St.  Louis  up  the 
Illinois  river — some  of  them  at  irregular  intervals — had  increased  to  forty ;  and  by  1844, 
to  one  hundred  and  fifty,  seventeen  of  wliich  were  regular  packets.  In  a  number  of 
these  boats  Peoria  people  were  interested,  as  part  or  sole  owners.  In  1848,  Capt.  W.  S. 
Moss,  now  a  resident  of  California,  but  for  many  years  one  of  Peoria's  most  enterprising 
and  successful  business  men,  bought  the  hull  of  the  Avalanche,  which  had  been  burned 
at  St.  Louis,  and  had  it  towed  up  to  Peoria  and  placed  upon  the  stocks ;  had  about 
twenty  feet  added  to  her  length,  and  had  her  completely  rebuilt  by  Peoria  workmen, 
ready  for  the  fall  trade  of  that  year.  The  next  spring,  the  keel  of  another  boat  was 
laid  in  Peoria,  by  Capt.  David  Brown,  who  sold  her  before  she  was  finished. 

From  Drown's  Directory  of  1851,  it  appears  that  fifty-nine  steamboats,  whose  ton- 
age  was  rated  9,463  tons,  engaged  in  the  Illinois  river  trade  as  high  up  as  Peoria  the 
year  previous,  and  the  number  of  arrivals  at  her  quay  was  1,286.  This  is  exclusive  of 
canal  boats,  of  which  there  were  quite  a  large  number. 

In  1858  —  from  the  best  data  at  hand  —  the  Illinois  River  Packet  Company  was  or- 
ganized. The  directors  were  Frank  Rhodes,  G.  N.  Walker,  Rollin  Clark,  J.  M.  Morti- 
mer and  D.  H.  Hancock.  D.  H.  Hancock  was  elected  president.  The  steamboats  com- 
posing the  stock  of  the  company  were  the  San  Gaty,  Louisville,  F.  X.  Anbury,  Sam 
Young,  Altoona,  Americus  and  Brazil.  The  company  afterwards  bought  the  Polar  Star 
and  Challenge  ;  and  built  the  La  Salle,  Lacon,  Schuyler,  City  of  Pekin,  City  of  Peoria, 
Illinois,  Beardstown,  and  numerous  barges.  Some  of  the  commanders  of  these  boats 
were  Capts.  Rhodes,  Stackpole,  Hicks,  Scott,  Adams,  Lowry  and  Bassett.  The  names 
of  the  others  are  not  accessible.  These  boats  ran  regular  trips  from  St.  Louis  as  far  up 
as  Peoria,  and  an  occasional  trip  as  far  as  La  Salle.  None  of  them  are  now  on  the  river. 
After  the  organization  of  this  company,  the  commerce  of  the  Illinois  river  was  chiefly 
controlled  b}-  it,  until  it  sold  out  the  stock  and  entire  property  to  the  St.  Louis  and  Illi- 
nois River  Packet  Company,  in  1867,  F.  S.  Rodgers,  president.  The  members  of  the  old 
company  tlien  retired  from  the  business. 

The  introduction  of  railroads  in  Illinois,  some  of  which  lines  extend  nearly  parallel 


528  HISTORY  OF  PEOniA  COUNTY. 

with  the  rivers,  whose  bosoms  used  to  float  thousands  of  tons  of  her  products,  rapidly 
undermined  the  river  traffic,  and  it  declined  until  now  the  Lady  Lee  and  the  Calhoun  are 
the  only  steamlioats  running  regular  trips  from  St.  Louis  to  Peoria.  There  is  one  boat 
which  makes  regular  trips  to  Naples  and  another  to  Beardstown  ;  and  an  occasional  tran- 
sient boat  comes  up.     Quite  a  heavy  ice  trade  is  also  carried  on,  the  barges  frequently 

running  down  as  far  as  Memphis  and  New  Orleans.     The  Gray  Eagle.  Capt. ,  does 

a  good  local  trade  from  Peoria  to  Henry,  making  the  round  trij)  daily  between  tliese 
places,  and  is  a  great  convenience  to  the  people  and  business  men  of  these  and  interme- 
diate points. 

As  one  stands  upon  the  bank  of  one  of  Nature's  great  highways,  and  sees  its  mighty 
resistless  current  roll  on  in  silent  majesty  toward  the  bosom  of  their  universal  receptacle, 
a  feeling  akin  to  sadness  takes  possession  of  hira,  while  he  contemplates  the  fact  that  in 
the  contest  of  Art  with  Nature  to  furnish  thoroughfares  of  traffic  and  travel  for  man,  Art 
has  won  ;  and  the  iron  liorse  has  almost  entirely  superseded  the  beautiful  steamboats,  be- 
cause the  age  is  too  fast  for  ten  miles  an  hour. 

R.VILROADS. 

In  this  last  quarter  of  the  nineteenth  century,  when  travel  and  traffic  are  conducted 
upon  the  wings  of  steam  and  electricity,  the  commercial  importance  of  a  city  is  mea^jured 
by  the  number  of  lines  of  railroads  that  radiate  from  it —  veins  and  arteries  of  import  and 
export — contributing  alike  to  her  social  and  financial  intercourse  with  the  great  outside 
world. 

In  selecting  a  point  to  locate,  one  of  the  first  queries  arising  in  the  mind  of  a  busi- 
ness man  or  manufacturer  is,  what  are  the  facilities  for  transporting  materials  and  goods 
and  people  to  and  from  the  place  ?  Fully  recognizing  the  fact  that  no  town  can  become 
a  point  of  any  consiilerable  significance,  either  in  trade  or  manufacture,  unless  well  sup- 
plied with  means  of  ingress  and  egress  by  rail.  The  canal  boat  and  lumbering  stage 
coach  of  our  fatliers'  time  long  ago  became  too  plodding,  and  even  the  magnificent 
steamboats,  wiiich,  for  more  than  a  third  of  a  century  have  plowed  Nature's  great  high- 
ways from  the  fresh  water  seas  on  the  North  to  the  briny  gulf  on  the  South,  are  rapidly 
becoming  a  thing  of  the  past,  because  too  slow  for  our  time ;  the  traveler  prefering  the 
snorting  iron  steed  to  the  back  of  an  "  Eagle." 

Peoria,  situated  in  the  center  of  this  grand  Prairie  State,  whose  granaries  groan  with 
the  rich  liarvesls  from  her  soil,  may  fittingly  be  termed  the  hi  art  from  which  ramify  these 
numeious  ribs  of  steel,  hourly  made  to  throb  with  tiie  mighty  pulsations  of  her  vital 
currents,  as  they  flow  to  and  from  the  remote  quarters  of  the  civilized  glolie. 

With  the  characteristic  spirit  of  tiie  western  man.  the  people  of  Illinois  early  saw 
and  appreciated  the  inestimai)le  benefits  accruing  from  liiis  more  rapid  method  of  tran- 
sit;  and  so  far  back  as  IfSuO-T  tiie  Lf^islatiire  was  fired  with  zeal  for  building  railroads  — 
on  paper  —  and  projected  magnificent  schemes  for  internal  imprt)Venients,  to  complete 
which  would  have  involved  many  millions  of  dollars.  The  State  began  the  construction 
of  railroads  in  various  sections;  but  in  four  years,  after  expending  ¥",000,000,  having  no 
money  in  the  treasury,  and  being  obliged  to  depend  upon  foreign  capital,  which  was  not 
eager  for  investment  in  such  chimerical  undertakings,  the  work  was  discontinued,  and 
the  grand  system  of  railroads  never  had  a  tangible  existence. 

Under  the  law  then  passed  there  was  considerable  grading  done  on  what  wius  called 
the  Toledo,  Peoria  and  Warsaw  Railroad,  but  not  a  mile  finishe<l.  The  people  were  both 
displeased  and  di.sgusted,  and  for  a  number  of  years  railroad  building  rested. 

On  February  12,  1841),  the  Legislature  granted  a  charter  to  the  Peoria  and  Oquawka 
Railroad  Company,  authorizing  it  to  builil  a  railroad  from  the  city  of  Peoria,  on  the  Illi- 
nois river,  to  Oquawka,  (in  tiio  Mississippi  river.  On  liie  lOlli  day  ol  February,  18.>1, 
the  charter  was  so  anieiuled  as  to  include  a  branch  to   Uurlington  —  a  larger  place  and 


HISTORY   OF  PEORIA  COUNTY.  529 

better  adapted  for  the  terminal  point  of  the  road  —  thus  making  the  line  ninety-three 
miles  long.  On  the  20th  of  June  following,  the  stockholders  met  at  Knoxville  and  or- 
ganized under  the  charter  ;  and  on  tlie  22d  of  June,  1852,  the  charter  was  amended  so 
as  to  permit  an  extension  of  said  road  east  to  the  Indiana  State  line. 

In  Januar}-,  1857,  the  western  half  of  the  road  was  completed  from  Peoria  to  Burlington  ; 
and  afterwards  a  branch  leaving  the  main  line  some  nine  miles  this  side  of  the  latter  city  and 
extending  five  miles  to  Oquawka.  The  company  becoming  financially  embarrassed,  the 
road  was  sold  under  foreclosure  of  mortgage  about  1860  or  '61,  and  went  into  the  hands 
of  the  Chicago,  Burlington  and  Quincy  Railroad  Company,  which  has  since  owned  and 
operated  it.  The  line  is  in  good  condition  and  does  considerable  business,  but  its  man- 
agement has  been  more  contributary  to  the  interests  of  the  main  trunk  line  of  the  Chica- 
go, Burlington  and  Quincy  Company,  than  to  the  city  of  Peoria.  This  company,  though 
starting  from  an  humble  beginning,  now  owns  more  than  a  thousand  miles  of  road,  and 
is  one  of  the  most  powerful  and  wealthy  railroad  corporations  in  the  United  States. 

The  eastern  extension  of  the  Peoria  and  Oquawka  Railroad,  leading,  as  before  stated, 
from  Peoria  due  east  to  the  State  line,  was  begun  in  the  Summer  of  1853,  and  finished 
to  Gilman,  the  distance  of  eighty-six  miles,  and  the  crossing  of  the  Illinois  Central  Rail- 
road in  September,  1857.  The  remaining  twenty-five  miles  from  there  to  the  State  line 
was  completed  in  December,  1859.  The  mortgages  on  this  division  were  also  foreclosed, 
and  a  new  company  organized,  which  is  now  the  Toledo,  Peoria  and  Warsaw  Railroad 
Company. 

In  1867  the  Toledo,  Peoria  and  "Warsaw  Company  began  to  build  the  western  divi- 
sion of  their  road,  which  extends  from  Peoria  to  Keokuk  and  Warsaw,  on  the  Mississippi 
river,  and  finished  it  in  October,  1868.  This  company  also  constructed  a  branch  line  in 
1871,  extending  from  LaHarpe  to  Burlington.  Their  several  lines  embrace  two  hundred 
and  forty-nine  miles  of  road,  whose  physical  condition  and  rolling  stock  is  first-class. 
Their  machine  shops  and  general  offices  are  located  in  Peoria.  The  city  took  $225,000 
stock  in  this  road.  It  has  ever  been  a  grand  feeder  to  the  city  and  a  promoter  of  her 
commerce  and  growth,  and  may  be  styled  emphatically  the  Peoria  railroad.  The  line, 
equipments  of,  and  property  were  sold  to  the  mortgagees  on  January  20,  1880,  for 
$6,000,000,  a  little  over  $25,000  per  mile. 

The  second  railroad  enterprise  projected,  but  the  first  to  be  completed  was  the  Pe- 
oria and  Bureau  Valle}'  —  now  the  Bureau  Branch  of  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  and  Pa- 
cific —  Railroad.  The  charter  was  obtained  and  the  company  organized  in  June,  1853, 
and  the  road  from  Peoria  to  Bureau  Junction,  a  distance  of  forty-seven  miles,  was  finished 
in  November,  185-1,  and  ran  the  first  regular  passenger  train  into  the  city.  It  forms  a 
direct  connection  by  rail  to  Chicago  and  the  seaboard,  and  was  for  several  years  the  only 
one. 

The  Peoria  and  Rock  Island  Railroad  is  ninety-one  miles  in  length,  terminating  in 
these  two  cities;  and  was  built  by  the  Peoria  and  Rock  Island  companj-,  being  completed 
in  the  Spring  of  1871.  About  six  years  after  it  was  sold  by  foreclosure  of  mortgage,  to 
parties  interested  in  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  and  Pacific  Railroad,  and  has  since  been 
operated  by  that  company. 

The  Peoria,  Pekin  and  Jacksonville  Railroad  is  a  line,  as  its  title  implies,  connect- 
ing these  three  cities,  and  forms  a  junction  with  the  Wabash  road  at  Jacksonville.  It 
is  eighty-three  miles  long,  ten  of  which  are  in  Peoria  county.  It  was  completed  about 
1868.  The  general  ofiices  are  located  in  Peoria.  The  company  becoming  involved,  Mr. 
John  Allen  was  appointed  receiver.  During  his  administration  Mr.  Allen  put  the 
road  and  rolling  stock  in  splendid  order  and  gave  it  an  enviable  popularity  with  the  com- 
mercial and  traveling  public.  The  road  with  its  entire  property  was  sold  at  Master's 
sale  in  December,  1879,  to  Solon  Humplireys,  of  New  York. 

The  Peoria  and   Springfield   Railroad,  extending  from  Peoria  to   Pekin,  crosses  the 


530  fllSTORT  OF  PEORIA  COUNTY. 

Illinois  river  about  three  miles  below  the  center  of  the  former  city,  over  the  bridge 
at  that  point,  and  consequently  has  only  three  miles  of  track  in  Peoria  county.  It  was 
opened  for  business  about  1871. 

These  are  all  the  railroad  lines  that  pass  through  or  into  Peoria  county,  save  the 
Buda  Branch  of  the  C,  B.  &  Q.,  extending  from  Buda  to  Rushville,  ma  Elmwood  ;  and 
passes  through  Princeville,  Brimfield  and  Elmwood  townships,  diagonally  across  the 
northwest  corner  of  the  county. 

The  Chicago,  Pekin  and  Southern,  which  connects  Peoria  with  Chicago  via  Pekin  ; 
the  Pekin,  Lincoln  and  Decatur,  connecting  Peoria  and  Decatur  ;  the  Indiana,  Blooming- 
ton  and  Western,  and  the  Illinois  Midland,  connecting  this  city  with  Terre  Haute,  Ind., 
are  important  feeders  to  Peoria,  contributing  in  no  small  degree  to  her  commerce,  and 
furnishing  outlets  to  the  north,  east,  and  south  ;  but  they  run  their  trains  into  the  city 
over  some  of  the  lines  above  spoken  of. 

A  narrow  gauge  railroad  entitled  the  Burlington,  Monmouth  and  Illinois  River  Rail- 
way is  the  projected  narrow  gauge  road  about  to  be  constructed  from  Peoria  westward 
througii  Farmington,  Abingdon,  and  Burwick,  to  Monmouth,  wliere  it  divides,  one  branch 
leading  off  southwest,  striking  the  Mississippi  river  near  Fort  Madison  or  Naiivoo,  and  on 
to  Keokuk  ;  the  other  branch  extends  northwest  from  Monmouth,  to  Muscatine.  This 
branch  expects  to  make  connection  with  the  Burlington  and  Northwestern  Narrow  Gauge 
Railroad,  which  is  now  completed  to  Washington,  Iowa,  and  leads  a  northwesterly  course 
through  the  State.  At  Fort  Madison  the  other  brancli  will  connect  with  the  Fort  Madi- 
son Narrow  Gauge,  which  is  now  in  operation  for  some  distance  out,  and  is  being  pushed 
on  westward  across  the  State. 

This  railway,  when  completed,  will  have  over  150  miles  of  line  in  Illinois,  and  with 
the  connections  mentioned,  more  than  700  miles  of  road,  through  an  agricultural  country 
of  vast  resources  for  the  production  of  the  cereals,  and  will  doubtless  be  a  great  feeder  to 
Peoria  manufactories. 

Between  forty  and  fifty  regular  passenger  trains  arrive  and  depart  over  these  ten 
lines  daily  ;  and  nearly  a  hundred  freight  trains,  averaging  from  fifteen  to  twenty-five 
cars  each. 

Thus  it  is  apparent  that  Peoria,  the  flourishing  "  Central  City  "  of  this  grand  "  Sucker 
State,"  is  one  of  the  principal  railroad  centers,  of  the  West;  reaching  out  her  many- 
fingered  metallic  arms  toward  all  points  of  the  compass,  beckoning  the  artisan,  the 
manufacturer,  the  merchant,  and  the  capitalist,  to  come  and  participate  in  her  grand 
"  Boom." 

the  express  service. 

The  Express  business,  it  is  needless  to  say,  is  a  big  thing.  As  with  the  grain  of  mus- 
tard seed,  the  beginning  of  this  great  institution  was  very  small  indeed.  At  one  time, 
in  1839,  its  capital  was  about  sixty-two  and  a  half  cents.  Now  it  is  nearly  sixty  millions 
of  dollars. 

Peoria,  and  Illinois  indeed,  are  as  much  indebted  to  express  facilities  for  their 
wonderful  prosperity,  as  New  York  and  New  England  are.  It  ramifies,  with  its  lusty  and 
stirring  life,  throughout  the  entire  country.  How  could  we  do  without  it  ?  Some  people 
growl  continually  at  the  exactions  of  the  express.  A  parcel  is  brought  to  a  woman  a 
thousand  miles  or  more  —  subject  to  several  entries  and  jiassed  from  one  mes.senger  to 
another,  and  again  to  another,  and  another,  over  the  intermediate  railroads  —  and  she  is 
charged  only  twent3'-five  cents  for  it ;  and  j'et  she  will  peevishly  declare  it  exorbitant. 
A  city  porter  would   charge  as  much  for  carrying  it  a  dozen  blocks  or  less. 

In  old  times  when  mail  stages  were  the  rule,  the  drivers  used  to  do  some  similar 
work  on  a  small  scale  ;  but  when  the  greatest  innovation  of  the  j)rcsent  century,  the 
railway,  shoved  the  mail  coaches  aside,  and  tlie  "  tea-kettle  on  wheels  "  became  the  great 


HISTORY  OF  PEORIA  COUNTY.  531 

motor,  a  new  want  began  to  oppress  the  people.  Who  now,  should  carry  their  parcels 
and  do  errands  between  the  cities  and  towns  ? 

William  F.  Harnden,  of  Boston,  responded,  "  I  will."  At  least,  in  March,  1839, 
(according  to  A.  Stimson's  "  Express  History  ")  he  advertised  the  first  express  car  ever 
known,  and  promised  to  make  tri-weekly  trips  with  it,  and  the  help  of  the  Long  Island 
Sound  Steamboats,  between  Boston  and  New  York  City.  Really,  his  express  was  for  a 
time  limited  to  a  hand  valise  —  which  Ben.  Cheney,  of  the  Hub  still  preserves  —  and 
The  Original  Expressman  met  with  little  encouragement,  except  as  a  carrier  of  orders. 

Harnden  was  a  little  sallow-faced  young  man,  with  a  brother  just  like  him,  each 
weighing  one  hundred  pounds,  and  as  they  were  often  seen  working  together  in  the  new 
business  they  were  not  inaptly  called  the  "  Harnden  ponies."  Both  were  shrewd  and 
smart  for  all  that.  Perhaps  a  little  smarter  for  being  condensed.  Wm.  F.,  especially, 
was  miiltum  in  parvo — much  in  a  thimble-full. 

He  had  been  a  railroad  man,  both  ticket-agent  and  conductor,  when  there  was  but 
one  passenger  road  in  the  country  ;  and  knew  the  ropes.  Hiring  an  ofBce  in  Wall  Street, 
New  York,  he  made  himself  so  useful  to  Bennett's  Herald,  and  the  other  dailies  there, 
in  bringing  them  the  latest  news  to  be  had,  east,  in  these  ante-telegraph  days,  that  they, 
in  turn,  began  to  write  up  his  business.  That  was  his  first  best  lever,  and  early  in  1840 
his  enterprise  seemed  so  sensible  and  promising,  that  P.  B.  Burke  and  Alvin  Adams,  also 
of  Boston,  started  a  competing  express  to  New  York. 

Now  the  Boston  papers  had  to  write  up  Adams  &  Co.'s  Express  ;  and  it,  too,  attained 
to  a  position  of  usefulness.  Neither,  however,  made  any  money  for  some  years,  and  only 
the  most  unwearying  cultivation  of  the  business,  made  it  yield  them  a  good  living. 

A  little  later  Henry  Wells  served  Harnden  as  agent  at  Albany,  and  then  associating 
with  Pomeroy  and  Crawford  Livingston,  under  the  style  of  Pomeroy  &  Co.  Express, 
"  doing  express  "  on  the  Hudson  river  only,  laid  the  foundation  of  what  resulted  in  the 
two  express  firms  of  Livingston,  Wells  &  Co.,  and  Livingston,  Fargo  &  Co.;  and  in  1854, 
through  absorbing  Butterfield,  Wasson  &  Co.,  the  American  Express  Co.  was  organized, 
with  himself  as  president  and  John  Butterfield  vice-president. 

These  successors,  led  some  wealthy  and  enterprising  New  York  State  men  to  start 
about  that  time,  what  has  been  favorably  known  for  a  quarter  of  a  century  as  The 
United  States  Express  Company. 

Henry  Kipp,  of  Buffalo,  N.  Y.,  for  some  years  a  very  active  superintendent  of  the 
American,  became  superintendent  of  the  new  company,  and  by  his  superior  business  abil- 
ity and  indefatigable  energy,  established  its  success,  east  and  west,  but  more  especially 
in  New  York  and  the  Western  States.  A  few  years  ago,  he  was  elected  its  president, 
but  he  travels  as  much  over  the  routes  as  ever,  and  his  supervision  is  as  untiring  as  it  is 
thorough  and  perfect. 

The  brothers,  Wm.  G.,  Jas.  C.  and  Charles  Fargo,  have  been  the  life  and  soul  of  the 
American  Express  Company  in  the  West,  and  probably  no  other  three  men  have  done 
more  for  Illinois  than  thej^  have  to  accommodate  and  develop  the  business  resources  of 
the  State,  and  they  have  been  well  paid  for  it,  in  the  grand  success  of  their  Company  in 
this  magnificent  section  of  the  union. 

Indeed  both  Companies  have  done  nobly,  and  even  the  Adams'  Express  Company, 
though  behind  both  in  its  entrance  here  as  a  competitor,  and  still  very  limited  in  its  area 
of  service  in  Illinois,  is  a  valuable  help  to  mercantile  communities  in  which  it  operates. 

The  capital  stock  of  these  Companies — the  only  ones  operating  in  Illinois  —  is  as 
follows  :  American,  $18,000,000  ;  Adams,  12,000,000  ;  United  States,  86,000,000.  The 
Southern  Express  Company,  Henry  B.  Piatt,  president,  has  an  office  at  St.  Louis,  and 
connects  with  Cairo  ;  but  its  stock  is  owned  entirely  in  "  Dixie, "  where  it  is  a  power. 

The  express  business  of  Peoria  is  coeval  witli  the  existence  of  raili-oads,  though  there 
was,  perhaps,  some  expressage  by  steamboats  anterior  to  that,  but  very  limited  in  (^uan- 


532  HISTORY  OF  PEORIA  COUNTY. 

tity.  With  the  incre<ase  in  the  number  of  local  railroad  lines  the  express  business  has 
grown,  until  it  now  requires  ten  oflBce  men  and  twenty-four  messengers  running  out  over 
the  various  roads.  The  establishment  of  a  local  oflBce  by  the  United  States  Company 
antedated  a  number  of  years  that  of  the  American,  and  the  first  of  September,  1877,  for 
the  sake  of  economy,  the  two  Companies  consolidated  their  oflBces,  the  American  agent 
retiring,  and  turning  over  the  entire  business  to  the  management  of  C.  C.  DeLong,  whose 
experience  of  eleven  j'ears  in  the  Chicago  oflBce  of  the  United  States  Co.,  and  twelve 
years  iis  agent  in  Peoria,  together  with  his  innate  gentlemanly  qualities,  admirablj-  adapts 
him  for  the  responsible  position  he  so  worthily  fills. 

TELEGRAPH   BUSINESS. 

The  "  harnessed  lightning  "  which  now  cuts  so  prominent  a  figure  in  Peoria's  commer- 
cial and  general  intercourse  with  all  parts  of  this  country,  and  indeed  with  other  countries, 
and  the  click  of  whose  coming  and  going  sounds  to  a  visitor  in  the  general  oflBce  like  a 
whole  toy  shop  of  rattle-boxes  turned  loose,  was  fii-st  brought  into  requisition  in  the  city 
nearly  twenty-two  years  ago.  On  the  16th  of  June,  1848,  Mr.  R.  Champion  opened  the 
first  ofifice  of  Mr.  O'Riley's  telegraph  line,  and  the  first  message  of  greeting  was  sent 
and  received  over  the  wire  from  Springfield  at  four  o'clock  in  the  afternoon  of  that  day. 
About  nine  o'clock,  p.  M.,  the  editor  of  the  Peoria  lii-giiiter  sent  respects  to  the 
Whig  press  of  St.  Louis,  through  the  editor  of  the  St.  Louis  Republican.  These  commu- 
nications were  sent  and  received  by  the  sound  of  the  magnet,  without  the  aid  of  a  regis- 
ter, which  was  considered  a  remarkable  feat.  The  opening  of  this  highway  for  thought 
travel  was  a  proud  day  in  Peoria's  history.  It  is  preserved,  as  an  achievement  worthy 
of  record,  that  on  tlie  8th  of  November  following,  the  result  of  the  Presidential  vote 
cast  in  Boston  the  day  before,  was  received  in  Peoria  at  11  a.  m.  And  it  is  also  a  matter 
of  historic  record  that  President  Taylor's  message  was  received  at  Peoria  for  the  Daily 
Champion,  the  first  arriving  in  one  hour  and  thirty-five  minutes  after  its  delivery  in 
Washington.  In  1850,  Peoria  had  become  the  headquarters  of  O'Riley's  telegrapii  line 
in  the  State,  and  the  center  of  three  States.  During  tlie  month  of  May,  that  year,  750 
messages  were  sent,  and  the  gross  receipts  of  the  office  were  *17^>.'.H  ;  and  in  November 
and  Deueml)er  they  ran  over  *200  each  montli.  Francis  Voris  was  then  president  of  the 
board  of  the  State,  and  Lewis  Howell,  now  president  of  the  Second  National  Bank,  was 
vice  president,  and  Eli  Chadwiek,  "telegrapher."  Mr.  O'Riley  constructed  a  s)-stem  of 
telegraph  lines  connecting  the  jirincipal  cities  of  Illinois,  Missouri  and  Iowa,  which  was 
named  the  "Great  Atlantic,  Lake  and  Mississippi  Range"  of  telegraph  lines.  During 
the  decade  between  1850  and  1860,  there  was  but  a  moderate  devehipment  of  the  tele- 
graph l)usiness  in  Peoria.  Soon  after  i860  the  Western  Union  Telegraph  Company  ob- 
tained jiossession  of  the  lines  in  the  Western  States,  and  by  shrewd  management  gave  a 
great  impetus  to  the  telegraphing  business  in  all  parts  of  the  country.  Prior  to  1863, 
Richmond  Smith  liad  charge  of  the  Peoria  office  for  some  years.  At  that  date  Mr.  .1.  E. 
Raiiiic)',  formerly  manager  at  Bureau  Junction,  took  the  control  of  the  office  in  this  cit}', 
wliicli  position  lie  still  wortliily  and  satisfactorily  fills.  All  the  telegraphic  business 
from  Peoria  was  then  done  over  a  single  wire,  there  being  tlien  no  other  outlet.  The 
messages  were  sent  to  Bureau  Junction,  there  re-transmitted  to  Chicago,  and  thence  to 
other  desired  points.  Mr.  Ranney  and  a  night  operator,  with  one  messenger  boy,  did  the 
entire  work,  and  five  to  seven  dollars  a  day  receijits,  wa.s  considered  a  fair  business. 
The  office  at  Pekin,  at  that  time  did  not  do  enough  to  jiay  the  salary  of  the  operator. 
From  1865,  the  growtli  in  telegraphing  ha.s  been  very  rapid,  both  in  the  volume  of  busi- 
ness, the  corresponding  increase  in  ilie  number  of  wires,  and  the  improvements  in  instru- 
ments. There  are  now  leading  out  of  Peoria  fifteen  wires,  and  one  of  these  is  equipped 
with  (luadruplex  instruments,  making  it  equivalent  to  four  wires  with  ordinary  instruments. 
Besides  tlie  main  office  in  the  Cliamber  of  Conunerce,  there  are  four  regular  branch  offices. 


HISTORY  OP  PEORIA  COUNTY.  633 

and  an  office  for  railroad  work  at  each  of  the  depots,  from  which  regular  messages  can 
also  be  sent.  The  main  office  employs  six  operators,  six  messenger  boys  and  a  book- 
keeper ;  and  each  of  the  branch  offices  requires  one  man. 

The  Peoria  office  is  a  distributing  office,  where  messages  are  received  over  the  dif- 
ferent lines  from  various  places,  and  are  re-transmitted  to  the  numerous  points  of  desti- 
nation. The  company  only  have  one  distributing  office  in  a  distance  of  one  hundred  or 
one  hundred  and  fifty  miles.  The  distributing  messages  average  over  three  hundred 
and  the  total  business  from  seven  hundred  to  eight  hundred  messages  per  day,  received 
and  sent.  The  gross  receipts  from  the  business  in  the  principal  office  and  branches, 
amount  to  an  average  of  about  $3,000  a  month. 

THE   TELEPHONE. 

This  little  instrument,  which  is  working  such  a  revolution  in  business  and  social 
communication  in  the  cities  and  towns  of  the  civilized  world,  is  but  little  more  than  three 
years  old.  It  consists,  as  is  well  known,  in  a  new  application  of  electricity  —  a  new 
harness  fitted  to  a  tried  and  useful  steed.  Prof.  Alexander  Graham  Bell,  who  is  doubt- 
less entitled  to  priority  of  claim  to  the  invention  of  the  speaking  telephone,  received  his 
first  patent  on  the  speaking  telephone  on  March  7,  1876.  His  articulating  telephone  and 
Mr.  Gray's  musical  telephone,  were  exhibited  at  the  International  Centennial  Exposition 
on  June  25,  1876. 

Sir  William  Thompson  in  his  official  report,  thus  refers  to  these  exhibits : 

"  Mr.  Alexander  Graham  Bell  exhibits  apparatus  by  which  he  has  achieved  a  result 
of  transcendent  scientific  interest,  the  transmission  of  spoken  words  by  electric  currents 
through  a  telegraph  wire.  This,  perhaps  the  greatest  marvel  hitherto  achieved  by  the 
electric  telegraph,  has  been  obtained  by  appliances  of  quite  a  home-spun  and  rudimentary 
character.  With  somewhat  more  advanced  plans  and  more  powerful  apparatus,  we  may 
confidently  expect  that  Mr.  Bell  will  give  us  the  means  of  making  voices  and  spoken 
words  audible,  through  the  electric  wire,  to  an  ear  hundreds  of  miles  distant." 

Mr.  Bell  received  his  second  patent  on  his  speaking  telephone  January  30, 1877,  and 
he  and  his  associates  began  to  manufacture  the  instrument  soon  after.  In  May,  1877,  the 
first  telephones  were  leased  to  Messrs.  Stone  &  Downer,  of  Boston,  and  this  was  the  first 
instance  of  the  practical  use  of  electricity  in  transmitting  vocal  speech  over  wires  in  the 
transaction  of  business. 

The  renowned  C.  A.  Edison  commenced  experimenting  on  the  telephone  in  the 
Spring  of  1876,  after  Mr.  Bell's  first  patent  had  been  issued,  and  some  months  later 
brought  out  his  carbon  transmitter,  which  was  transferred  to  the  Western  Union  Tele- 
graph Company  in  1878,  and  has  been  controlled  by  it  since  until  recently  a  consolidation 
has  been  effected  by  which  the  entire  telephone  business  in  the  United  States  has  passed 
into  the  hands  of  the  National  Bell  Telephone  Company,  of  Boston. 

Both  the  Bell  and  the  Edison  instruments  are  represented  in  Peoria.  The  first  put 
up  in  the  city  was  the  Bell,  which  was  leased  on  the  15th  of  May,  1879.  Others  were 
soon  added,  and  in  August  following  the  Western  Union  Company  erected  the  first 
Edison  instrument  in  the  city.  The  Edison  was  leased  at  considerably  lower  price  than 
the  Bell,  and  has  outstripped  it  in  point  of  numbers.  The  proprietors  of  the  Bell  tele- 
phone in  the  city,  Messrs.  C.  B.  Allaire  and  W.  S.  Reyburn,  have  a  franchise  covering 
the  city  and  a  radius  of  five  miles,  together  with  the  city  of  Pekiu.  Their  office  is  on 
Washington  Street,  over  Zell  and  Hotchkiss'  bank,  and  the  Edison  office  is  in  the  Cham- 
ber of  Commerce.  There  are  183  Bell  and  271  Edison  telephones  now  in  use  in  Peoria; 
and  so  rapidly  has  this  invention  grown  in  public  favor,  that  it  has  already  become  a 
necessity  to  the  business  public.  As  intimated  above,  the  arrangements  for  a  consolida- 
tion of  the  two  systems  have  all  been  made,  except  the  formal  transfer,  which  will  take 
place  at  an  early  day,  and  the  whole  business  will  pass  into  the  hands  of  the  Bell  Com- 


584  HISTORY  OF  PEORIA  COUNTY. 

pany.     The  charge  for  putting  in  the  telephone,  erecting  the. line,  and  a  year's  lease  of 
the  instrument,  is  $50. 

PEORIA   POST   OFFICE. 

In  following  the  progress  of  a  city  there  is  no  surer  index  of  its  prosperity  than  the 
increase  of  its  postal  business,  and  in  this  respect  the  advancement  of  Peoria  has  been 
most  marked.  A  post-oflBce  was  established  at  Peoria  on  the  loth  of  April,  1825,  and 
John  Dixon  received  the  first  appointment  as  postmaster.  The  receipts  for  the  first 
quarter  after  the  oflBce  was  established  were  $8.23.  Twenty-five  years  later  the  income 
of  the  office  had  increased  an  hundred  fold,  the  receipts  for  the  last  quarter  of  1850  be- 
ing $JS23.  We  have  not  the  material  at  hand  to  give  a  detailed  account  of  the  office  or 
of  the  various  administrations  uuder  which  it  has  passed.  John  L.  Bogardus,  who  fig- 
ured considerably  in  early  days,  was  at  one  time  postmaster,  and  kept  the  office  in  a  log 
cabin  situated  where  Truesdale  and  Son's  planing  mill  now  stands.  This  was  some  time 
previous  to  1834.  From  there  the  office  was  removed  to  the  site  now  occupied  by  Perry 
Frazier's  marble  front  building,  and  Dr.  Cross  appointed  postmaster.  It  was  afterwards 
located  near  the  old  Clinton  House,  on  the  corner  of  Adams  and  Fulton  Streets,  and  at 
one  time  it  occupied  the  basement  of  the  Peoria  House,  Geo.  "W.  Rainney  being  then  post- 
master, and  also  editor  of  the  Democratic  Press.  From  here  it  was  removed  to  the  old 
Boston  Building,  on  Main  Street,  and  from  thence  to  rooms  under  Roner's  Hall,  where 
it  remained  until  February,  1872,  when  the  building  now  occupied  was  leased  by  the 
Government  for  a  period  of  ten  years  and  the  office  removed  to  its  present  quarters.  The 
following  gentlemen  have  held  the  position  of  postmaster  of  Peoria  at  various  times : 
John  Dixon,  John  L.  Bogardus,  Wm.  Fessenden,  Washington  Cockle,  Samuel  B.  King, 
Peter  Sweat,  G.  W.  Rainney,  Geo.  C.  Bestor,  Enoch  Emery,  Isaac  Underbill,  Gen.  D. 
W.  Magee,  John  S.  Stevens,  and  after  a  lapse  of  thirty  years  Mr.  Cockle  has  again  been 
appointed  and  now  occupies  the  position. 

In  1850  Peoria  was  tlie  center  of  an  extensive  mail  system,  radiating  in  every  direc- 
tion, and  the  roads  leading  to  Peoria  village  were  made  merr^-  by  the  coachman's  horn  and 
the  crack  of  the  driver's  lash  of  those  good  old  coaching  days  of  Frink  and  Walker. 

The  receipts  of  the  office  for  the  last  quarter  of  1850,  '60,  '70  and  '79  were  as  fol- 
lows: 

For  fourth  quarter 1850 $      82300!  For  fourth  quarter 1S70 $  7.83004 

i860 4,076  50  I       1879 13.84993 

A  comparison  of  the  years  1878  and  1879  show  an  increase  of  twenty-five  per  cent, 
in  the  business  of  the  office  during  the  latter  year. 

Afoney  Onltr  Business.  —  There  were  orders  issued  during  the  last  year  amounting  to $110,657  5^ 

Upon  which  fees  were  received  amounting  to • —        1. 1 29  44 

Drafts  were  drawn  upon  New  York  for 94,000  00 

And   orders  paid  amounting  to 205,892  96 

There  are  employed  at  the  office  six  clerks,  at  a  cost  of  $5,000  per  annum,  and  eight 
carriers,  at  an  expense  of  $7,000.  The  postmaster's  salary  and  expenses  incidental  to 
running  tlie  office,  aside  from  clerk  hire,  amount  to  $5,940  per  annum. 

liegistty  Busintss,  fourth  quarttr,  1879. —  Letters  and  packages  registered  during  the  quarter 700 

Letters  and  packages  received  during  the  quarter • Ii440 

Letters  and  packages  in  transit  during  the  quarter --■  — - Si"^ 

Ltlltr  Cartitrs.  —  Carriers  employed 8  I /icil  postal  cards  delivered 9.746 

Delivery  trips  daily 12  &  3  Newspapers,  etc.,  delivered 112,033 

Collection  trips  daily 12  &  3  I.etler>  relumed  to  the  uOice 65 

Registered  letters  delivered I.015  I.etlcrs  collected — 124.104 

Mail  letters  delivered 179.697  Tostal  cards  collected  3».703 

Mail  postal  c.irds  delivered S9.484  Newspapers,  etc.,  collected 28,9S6 

Drop  letters  delivered II.IoS 


I 


HISTORY  OP  PEORIA  COUNTY.  535 

Mailing  Department.  —  There  are  218  packages  of  letter  mail  sent  out  from  the  Peoria 
office  daily  to  as  many  lines  of  railway  post-ofi&ces,  cities  and  towns  in  the  United  States, 
many  of  these  being  sent  out  in  through  pouches  by  night  express  trains  to  distant  places, 
and  thus  despatched  with  a  rapidity  and  accuracj^  which  is  astonishing,  and  oftentimes 
mail  is  delivered  before  an  ordinary  traveler  could  reach  the  same  points.  The  total 
number  of  pieces  of  mail  sent  out  daily,  by  a  careful  count,  is  shown  to  be  as  follows : 
Letters,  3,667  ;  circulars,  1,635  ;  newspapers,  3,847  ;  postal  cards,  785  ;  merchandise, 
2,452  ;  making  a  total  of  11,886,  or  4,338,390  pieces  per  annum. 

There  is  sent  out  daily  from  this  office  fifty  pouches  and  canvas  sacks,  while  a  like 
number  is  received.  There  are  also  a  great  quantity  passing  through  in  transit,  of  which 
no  account  is  taken. 

Under  a  complete  sj'stem  of  checking  errors,  it  is  shown  that  of  this  enormous  quan- 
tity of  matter  despatched  from  the  Peoria  office,  there  were  but  110  eri-ors  made  in  dis- 
tribution, fourteen  packages  miss-sent,  and  not  a  single  error  in  the  sending  of  pouches 
the  year  1879. 

INTERNAL   REVENUE. 

The  fifth  district  of  Illinois,  of  which  Peoria  city  is  the  center  and  substance,  exceeds 
any  revenue  district  in  the  United  States,  in  the  amount  of  revenue  tax  it  pays  to  the 
government.  This  tax  is  derived  almost  entirely  from  the  distillation  of  spirits  manufac- 
tured by  the  eleven  distilleries  located  in  Peoria,  which  have  a  total  productive  capacity 
of  77,660  gallons  of  proof  spirits  per  day. 

The  importance  of  Peoria  as  a  spirit-producing  center  can  not  be  more  forcibly 
stated  than  by  giving  an  exhibit  of  the  figures  kindly  furnished  by  Collector  Howard 
Knowles  for  this  work,  from  the  books  of  his  office. 

There  were  used  during  the  3'ear  1878,  3,001,308  bushels  of  grain,  from  which  was 
produced  11,520,360.07  gallons  of  proof  spirits.  The  following  is  a  complete  tabulated 
statement  for  the  year  1879,  which  shows  an  increase  of  some  thirty  per  cent,  over  any 
previous  year,  and  conveys  an  idea  of  the  immensity  of  the  business  in  this  district : 

DISTILLERS.  Bush.  used. 

C.  S.Clark  &  Co 3l6,gio 

Spurck  &  Francis 418,265 

G.  T.  Barker-__ 493.585 

Zell,  Schwabacher  &  Co 763,140 

Bush  &  Brown 187,914 

Barton  &  Babcock 36,485 

Woolner  Bros 307. 349 

A.  &  S.  Woolner .-_  450,426 

Kidd,  Francis  &  Co 484,940 

Kildufif  &  Hogue _-_ 401,496 

J.  Woolner&Co 23,408 

Total  bushels  grain  used,  3,883,918. 

Total  gallons  spirits  produced,   15,052,960.15 

Average  yield  per  bushel  for  the  entire  district  during  the  year,  3.88. 

Total  gallons  spirits  withdrawn  from  warehouse  and  tax  paid 9.527.536. 

Total  gallons  spirits  withdrawn  for  e.xportation 5,399,196.96 

Total 14,926,732.96 

The  total  collections  for  1879,  were  $8,624,053.  The  production  of  spirits  in  Peoria 
during  the  year  exceeded  that  of  Chicago  nearly  five  millions  of  gallons,  and  that  of 
Cincinnati  nearly  four  millions  of  gallons. 

The  prospect  promises  considerable  increase  of  the  business  this  present  year  — 1880. 
The  "  Monarch  "  distillery  of  Messrs.  Kidd,  Francis  &  Co.,  which  was  completed  and 
went  into  operation  on  the  10th  of  July,  1879,  and  is  the  largest  distillery  in  the  world, 
increases  the  spirit-producing  capacity  some  thirty-three  per  cent. 


Proof  GaU's  Produ'd. 

Av.  per  Bush. 

1,196,923.83 

....           3.81 

1,605,410.44 

--           3.34 

1,981,399.17 

4.01 

3,017,678.83 

3.93 

721,734-99 

—  -           3.84 

128,724.48 

3.50 

1,156,951.24 

3-76 

1,724,061.06 

3.83 

1,811,206.70 

3-73 

1,619,877.24 

4.03 

88,992.17 

3.80 

536  HISTORY  OF  PEORIA  COUNTY. 

The  collections  in  this  district  for  the  last  four  months  of  1879,  averaged  fl,077,000 
per  inoiitli,  the  largest  amount  of  internal  revenue  tax  ever  collected  in  any  district  in 
this  country  within  the  same  time. 

BANKING    INTEBE8T8. 

It  is  somewhat  remarkable  that  there  were  no  banking  facilities  in  Peoria  until  1851, 
although  it  had  been  an  incorporated  town  twenty  years,  had  a  i)opulation  of  nearly 
6,000  souls,  and  must  have  done  a  considerable  commercial  business,  from  the  fact  that 
1,236  vessels  landed  at  her  wharf  during  the  year  1851.  Still  it  is  not  so  surprising  that 
Peoria  lacked  the  advantages  of  this  modern  business  necessity,  when  the  prejudice  of 
the  people,  and  especially  the  Democratic  portion  of  them,  against  banks,  is  considered. 
The  Democratic  politicians  repudiated  all  kinds  of  banks  in  their  public  speeches.  And 
while  the  Whigs  advocated  a  national  bank,  they  onlj-  tacith'  assented  to  the  establish- 
ment or  existence  of  State  or  individual  banks. 

Prior  to  1850,  there  were  but  two  banks  of  any  considerable  magnitude  in  the  State, 
one  at  Shawneetown,  called  the  State  Bank  of  Illinois,  and  one  at  Springfield,  named 
the  Rank  of  the  State  of  Illinois.  Each  of  these  was  allowed  bv  the  Legislature  to  es- 
tablish  sundry  branches,  but  none  was  located  at  Peoria. 

In  1850,  nearly  all  the  banks  in  the  West  having  failed,  including  those  in  Illinois, 
the  circulating  medium  was  very  scarce,  being  confined  to  a  little  specie  and  some  New 
York  and  New  England  bank-notes.  Chicago  then  had  no  regular  banks  of  issue,  but 
several  brokers ;  and  Peoria  had  not  even  these. 

Nathaniel  B.  Curtiss  came  from  Chicago  to  Peoria  in  1851,  and  opened  an  office  on 
the  ui)per  corner  of  Main  and  Washington  Streets,  which  he  dignified  with  the  title  of 
the  Banking  House  of  N.  B.  Curtiss  &  Co.  Mr.  Curtiss'  establishment  did  a  large  busi- 
ness, and  is  reputed  to  have  introduced  into  extensive  circulation  the  notes  of  a  Alilwau- 
kee  banking  institution,  known  as  the  Marine  Fire  Insurance  Company,  and  the  paper  of 
the  Cherokee  Bank,  purported  to  be  located  in  Georgia,  and  smaller  amounts  of  paper 
from  other  concerns.  None  of  these  notes  would  now  be  considered  worth  par  in  gold, 
but  in  the  absence  of  any  thing  better,  the  peojjle  and  the  banks  were  glad  to  receive 
them  as  good  monej'.  Air.  Curtiss  made  money  so  rapidly  for  a  time  that  he  became 
careless,  and  trusted  out  large  amounts ;  and  finally  becoming  alarmed,  suspended  busi- 
ness in  1857. 

In  1852,  Messrs.  William  R.  Phelps  and  Benjamin  L.  T.  Bourland,  of  Peoria,  and 
Gideon  H.  Rupert  and  James  Haines,  of  Pekin,  opened  an  office  on  the  opposite  corner 
of  Main  and  Washington  Streets,  under  the  name  of  the  Central  Bank,  wliiuli  they  con- 
ducted one  year,  and  sold  it  to  Gov.  Joel  Matteson  and  his  son-in-law,  R.  E.  Goodell. 
After  three  years'  management  of  the  estal)lishment  they  failed. 

Joseph  P.  Hotchkibs  established  an  office  of  the  same  kind  in  the  Fall  of  1852, 
naming  it  the  Bank  of  J.  P.  Hotciikiss  &  Co.,  and  prosecuteil  the  business  until  his  death, 
in  1850.  He  provided  in  his  will  that  Lewis  Howell,  his  cashier,  who  had  had  principal 
charge  of  the  establishment  for  some  years,  owing  to  the  failing  lieallh  of  the  proprietor 
— to  continue  the  busines  on  a  salary  under  the  same  name,  for  the  benefit  of  the  llotch- 
kiss  heirs.  This  was  done  for  about  four  years,  when  Mr.  Howell  and  others  bought  the 
establishment  and  ran  the  business  under  the  firm  name  of  L.  Howell  &  Co.,  till  1864, 
when,  under  the  law  of  Congress,  it  was  organized  into  the  Second  National  Bank  of 
Peoria.  Mr.  Howell  was  elected  its  president,  a  pt)sition  he  still  holds.  Mr.  .1.  B.Smith 
was  cashier  from  IHGO  till  ISIW!.  J.  B.  Hotehkiss  suceeeded  him  in  that  position  until 
1870.  B.  K.  Blossom  served  as  cashier  from  July,  1876  to  1878.  (Jeorge  H.  Mcllvaine 
was  elected  its  vice-president  in  1873,  and  became  cashier  and  active  manager,  January, 
1878,  which  position  he  now  holds. 

Mr.  Howell,  the  president,  is  now  the  oldest  banker  in  central  Illinois,  and  has  ever 


HISTORY  OP  PEORIA  COUNTY.  537 

been  a  man  of  unimpeachable  intet^rity.     Mr.  Mcllvaine  has  been  one  of  Peoria's  active 
and  honored  business  men  since  1853. 

The  Second  National  has  been  a  Government  Depository  most  of  the  time  since  its 
organization.     It  has  a  cash  capital  of  $100,000,  with  a  reserve  of  $50,000. 

About  1860  Marshall  P.  Stone,  William  F.  Bryan  and  George  H.  Stone,  opened  a 
bank  in  the  building  formerly  occupied  l)y  Curtiss,  on  the  corner  of  Main  and  Washing- 
ton Streets.  In  1864  it  was  organized  "into  the  First  National  Bank  of  Peoria,  with 
Tobias  S.  Bradley  as  president,  and  N.  B.  Curtiss,  cashier.  On  May  6,  1867,  Mr.  Brad- 
ley died,  and  Washington  Cockle  was  elected  president;  and  March  1,  1872,  he  retired, 
since  which  time  John  C.  Proctor  has  been  president.  M.  P.  Stone  succeeded  Mr.  Cur- 
tiss as  cashier,  which  position  he  filled  till  August,  1869,  when  W.  E,  Stone,  the  present 
cashier,  took  his  place.  The  First  National  Bank  has  a  cash  capital  of  $100,000,  with  a 
surplus  of  $150,000. 

The  Mechanics'  National  Bank  of  Peoria  was  opened  for  business  May  20,  1865, 
with  Isaac  Underbill  as  president  and  Samuel  Coskery,  cashier.  On  January  13,  1866, 
a  considerable  change  took  place  in  the  directorate  of  "the  bank,  H.  N.  Wheeler  became 
president,  and  J.  Boyd  Smith  became  cashier.  Mr.  Wheeler  is  still  president,  but  Mr. 
Smith  is  now  vice-president  and  Henry  P.  Ayers  has  succeeded  him  as  cashier.  This 
bank  has  a  paid  up  cash  capital  of  $100,000,  and  $70,000  reserve. 

These  three  are  the  only  National  Banks  in  the  city,  and  are  all  doing  a  heavy  busi- 
ness and  are  among  the  solid  banking  houses  of  the  State. 

Besides  the  National  banks,  there  are  several  private  banking  houses  and  Savings 
banks.  The  first  of  these  in  chronological  order  is  that  of  J.  B.  Hogue  &  Co.,  which 
was  established  May  1,  1867,  by  James  B.  Hogue  and  Thomas  L.  Davis,  with  a  capital  of 
$50,000,  and  continued  business  prosperously,  until  the  ill  health  of  Mr.  Davis  compelled^ 
him  to  retire,  Mr.  Hogue  buying  his  interest.  May,  1874.  Since  that  time  he  has  had 
sole  management  of  the  establishment,  and  has  done  a  successful  business. 

The  Savings  Bank  of  Peoria  was  founded  by  a  co-partnership  composed  of  John 
Hamlin,  WilHam  A.  Herron,  Thomas  C.  Moore,  Zenas  N.  Hotchkiss,  Thomas  S.  Dobbins, 
Charles  P.  King,  Philip  Zell  and  Lorin  Grant  Pratt,  in  February,  1868.  The  object  was 
to  accommodate  depositors  of  small  savings,  of  from  one  dollar  and  upwards,  and  enable 
the  persons  making  savings  deposits  to  receive  interest  thereon.  This  bank  has  been  in 
successful  operation  up  to  the  present  time.  Several  changes  have  occurred  in  the  stock- 
holders, by  death  and  retirement;  so  that  the  establishment  is  now  owned  by  William 
A.  Herron,  president ;  Charles  P.  King,  Philip  Zell  and  L.  Howell.  The  bank  is  situated 
on  the  corner  of  Main  and  Washington  Streets. 

Philip  Zell,  Walter  B.  Hotchkiss  and  Henry  C.  Fursman  establislied  a  bank  on  the 
corner  of  Washington  and  Fulton  Streets,  under  the  firm  title  of  Zell,  Hotchkiss  &  Co., 
in  the  year  1870,  for  the  purpose  of  doing  a  general  banking  business.  About  1873,  Mr. 
Fursman  sold  his  interest  to  the  other  partners,  who  ran  the  business  under  the  same 
firm  name  until  the  death  of  Mr.  Hotchkiss,  in  November,  1874.  A  year  later  Mr.  Zell 
purchased  his  interest,  and  became  the  sole  owner,  but  has  never  changed  the  style  of 
the  firm  name. 

In  June,  1872,  J.  B.  Hogue,  in  company  with  several  others,  opened  the  establish- 
ment known  as  the  Germans'  Savings  Bank,  at  No.  203  Main  Street,  with  a  capital  of 
$100,000,  to  accommodate  parties  desirous  of  doing  a  savings  business.  Mr.  Hogue  has 
purchased  the  principal  amount  of  the  stock  from  his  former  co-partners,  and  now  is  the 
chief  owner  and  manager  of  the  concern.  This  is  entirely  separate  and  distinct  from 
the  banking  house  of  J.  B.  Hogue  &  Co. 

In  March,  1880,  Hogue  &  Co.'s  Bank  suspended,  owing  to  the  heavy  loss  of  $52,000, 
sustained  by  the  financial  failure  of  Thomas  Neill. 

The  German  Banking  Company  was  organized  in  1873,  and  opened  a  banking  house 
40 


538  HISTORY  OF  PEORIA   roUNTT. 

on  the  corner  of  Washington  and  Bridge  Streets.  The  establishment  does  a  general 
commercial  banking  business ;  and  also  has  a  Savings  department,  to  accommodate  per- 
sons who  wish  to  do  a  savings  business.  The  members  of  the  co-partnership  are  Valen- 
tine Ulricli,  Louis  Green,  Joseph  Miller,  Jacob  Miller,  Michael  Pfeifer  and  William 
Oberhauser. 

The  Fanner's  Bank  of  Kingman.  Blossom  &  Co.,  is  the  youngest  banknig  institution 
in  the  city,  having  been  opened  for  business  on  the  6th  of  October,  1879.  The  firm  is 
composed  of  Martin  Kingman,  B.  F.  Blossom,  andvF.  E.  Leonard.  Their  design  is  to  do 
a  general  banking  and  exchange  business,  and  to  make  a  feature  of  loaning  money  on 
extended  time.  The  gentlemen  comprising  the  firm  are  all  well  and  favorably  known  in 
the  business  circles  of  Peoria  and  contiguous  counties.  The  bank  is  located  at  211  Main 
Street. 

Chamber  of  Commerce  Association.  —  This  body  was  organized  as  a  Stock  Company, 
with  a  paid  up  capital  of  875,000,  on  January  30,  1875,  and  had  for  its  object  "the 
providing  of  suitable  grounds,  and  the  erection  and  furnishing  of  a  suitable  building  in 
said  city  of  Peoria,  to  be  known  as  a  Cliamber  of  Commerce.  "  The  stock  was  held  by 
about  eighty  prominent  business  men  of  the  city,  and  the  Association  was  incorporated 
under  charter  fnjm  the  State  of  Illinois,  in  the  name  of  Lewis  Howell,  R.  C.  Grier  and 
Jonathan  Hancock.  At  a  meeting  of  the  stockholders  held  shortly  after  incorporation, 
nine  directors  were  elected,  viz:  Jonathan  Hancock,  D.  McKinne\",  E.  S.  Easton,  Thos. 
Cratt\',  William  Steinseifer,  Lewis  Howell,  L.  L.  Day,  S.  II.  Tiiompson,  and  I).  P.  Grier, 
who  according  to  the  constitution,  elected  from  their  own  number,  the  presiding  officers 
of  the  Association,  president,  E.  S.  Easton  ;  secretary,  D.  McKinney.  and  treasurer,  Lewis 
Howell.  On  February  I'-i,  1875,  the  ground  on  tiie  corner  of  Washington  and  Harrison 
Streets  was  purchased,  at  a  cost  of  about  iJlO.OOO,  and  from  the  designs  for  a  building 
submitted,  those  of  Mr.  B.  Wadskier,  architect  of  Cliicago,  were  selected  by  the  directors, 
as  being  in  every  respect  the  most  desiral)le.  The  building  contract  was  let  to  Mr.  W. 
P.  Caverly,  of  Toulon,  Stark  Co.,  and  the  total  cost  of  tlie  structure  was  880, 000,  inclusive 
of  heating  apparatus,  and  all  other  extras.  The  structure  was  forthwith  begun,  rapidly 
completed,  and  opened  for  business  on  December,  15,  1875.  It  is  built  of  brick,  with 
stone  trimmings ;  G5  feet  wide,  by  145  feet  long,  and  the  top  of  the  weather  wave  is  134 
feet  above  the  level  of  the  sidewalk  ;  is  four  stories  high,  surmounled  with  a  mansard 
roof,  and  is  heated  throughout  by  steam.  The  building  contains  twelve  offices  on  first 
floor,  twelve  on  tlie  second,  l)oard  of  trade  hall,  etc.,  on  third,  two  offices  on  fourth, 
and  is  occupied  by  grain  commission  men,  Western  Union  Telegraph  Co.,  Edison  Tele- 
phone Co.,  Board  of  Trade,  Public  Produce  Exchange,  freight  agents  for  various  railroad 
lines,  general  offices  P.  P.  &  J.  R.  R.,  and  R.  G.  Dun  it  Go's  commercial  agency.  None 
of  the  stock  of  tiie  association  is  in  tiie  market;  tlie  dividends  are  not  made  public,  and 
the  investment  is  presumalily  a  remunerative  one,  altliough  the  rents  of  the  offices  have 
been  reduced  very  materially  of  late  years.  The  present  officers  of  the  association  are, 
president,  H.  N.  Wheeler  ;  secretary,  D.  McKinney,  and  treasurer.  Lewis  Howell.  Regu- 
lar weekly  luisiness  meetings  are  provided  for  in  the  by-laws,  but  at  present  one  meeting 
in  each  month  is  found  sufficient  to  meet  all  demands. 

nOAIUl    OK   THAOE. 

Tliis  institution  has  become  one  of  the  leading  interests  in  the  city,  being  composed 
of  the  most  enterprising  business  men,  and  while  its  immediate  object  is  to  foster  and 
maintain  the  trade  in  grain  (which  has,  through  the  efforts  of  the  members  of  the  Board, 
grown  to  large  j)roportions),  yet  its  energy  and  enterprise  reaches  out  to  tiie  various 
industrial  interests  of  tlie  town.  It  is  one  of  tlie  main  instruments  in  encouraging  and 
Hustaiiiing  important  eiiterj)rises  of  several  kinds,  and  has  given  an  impetus  to  building 
and  improvements  beyond  any  thing  the  city  has  experienced  heretofore. 


HISTORY  OF  PEORIA  COUNTY.  539 

The  Board  was  organized  late  in  the  year  1869,  to  snpph'  a  want  that  was  felt  by  the 
dealers  in  grain.  It  was  started  in  a  moderate  way  in  a  store  room  on  South  Washing- 
ton Street,  which  was  soon  fouiid  to  be  too  small  for  the  purpose,  and  new  and  commo- 
dious quarters  were  procured  in  the  large  block  at  the  corner  of  Fulton  and  Washington 
Streets,  which  were  first  occupied  November  10,  1870.  The  following  extract  from  the 
address  of  the  president,  Horace  Clark,  Esq.,  delivered  on  that  occasion,  will  be  of  inter- 
est in  this  connection : 

The  Peoria  Board  of  Trade  has  been  organized  less  than  one  year.  Previous  to  its  organization  the  miller,  dis- 
tiller, and  all  buyers  were  obliged  to  examine  grain  in  the  cars  on  a  track  of  from  two  to  three  miles  in  length,  mak- 
ing it  very  tedious  and  laborious  as  well  as  unsatisfactory.  This  organization  has  entirely  changed  the  manner  of 
doing  business.  A  sworn  sampler  is  appointed,  whose  business  it  is  to  carefully  examine  and  sample  every  car  of 
grain  coming  to  this  market,  as  follows  ;  On  entering  the  car  he  takes  samples  from  different  parts,  the  bottom  as 
well  as  the  top,  and  when  he  has  a  sufficient  quantity  he  mixes  thoroughly,  weighs  it  with  a  grain  tester,  and  records, 
in  a  book  kept  for  that  purpose,  the  number  of  the  car,  weight  of  grain  per  bushel,  and  condition  of  same.  A  sam- 
ple, with  a  duplicate  statement  of  record  on  a  ticket,  is  placed  in  a  small  sack,  taken  on  'Change  and  placed  on  the 
owner's  table.  The  exchange  session  of  the  Board  is  from  il  to  i  o'clock.  A  member  coming  on  'Change  goes  to 
the  bulletin  board  and  ascertains  the  amount  of  receipts  and  shipments,  reads  the  telegrams  from  New  York,  Chi- 
cago, etc.,  and  is  then  prepared  to  transact  business.  The  buyer  having  made  his  purchases,  the  sample  is  returned 
to  the  sack  and  passed  to  the  purchaser,  with  his  name  and  the  price  agreed  upon  marked  upon  the  sampler's 
ticket. 

The  advantages  of  the  present  manner  of  doing  business  over  the  old  way,  will  be  readily  perceived.  Since  the 
organization  the  business  has  more  than  doubled,  and  has  been  the  means  of  inducing  many  enterprising  business 
men  from  adjoining  towns  to  make  Peoria  their  home,  making  a  profitable  investment  for  them  and  increasing  the 
population  and  wealth.     *     *     * 

The  entire  amount  of  grain  of  all  kinds  received  in  the  year  above  mentioned,  was 
6,591,210  bushels ;  amount  shipped,  3,853,720  bushels ;  since  which  time  the  business  has 
constantly  increased  until  during  the  year  1878  the  amount  received  was  15,594,401 
bushels;  and  shipped,  11,682,370  bushels.  The  receipts  of  grain  for  the  year  1879  were 
over  19,000,000  bushels,  or  an  increase  of  twenty-five  per  cent,  over  those  of  1878.  The 
shipments  of  1879  were  twenty-six  per  cent,  in  excess  of  those  of  1878. 

In  1870  the  elevator  capacity  was  reported  at  175,000  bushels  ;  transfer  capacitj^  per 
day,  80  car  loads.  In  1878  the  elevator  capacity  was  820,000  bushels,  and  the  transfer 
350  cars,  and  this,  after  three  elevators  had  been  destroyed  by  fire,  whose  capacity  was 
440,000  bushels,  and  the  transfer  150  cars.  One  of  these  has  been  rebuilt  and  enlarged, 
adding  200.000  bushels  capacity  to  that  reported  last  year. 

In  1870  one  inspector  with  one  helper  did  the  sampling  ;  in  1878  it  required  four 
samplers  and  two  helpers  constantly,  while  at  times  additional  help  was  necessary. 

The  total  receipts  of  grain  at  tliis  market  from  Janury  1,  1870.  when  the  first 
systematic  accounts  were  commenced,  until  December  31,  1878,  amounted  to  108,121,023 
bushels.  The  receipts  of  1879  show  an  increase  of  three  and  a  half  millions  of  bushels 
more  than  1878,  which  was  the  largest  in  the  history  of  the  board  since  its  organization. 

At  the  organization  of  the  board  the  roll  of  members  included  persons  in  all  branches 
of  business  and  from  the  professional  classes.  The  fee  for  membership  was  ten  dollars, 
but  it  was  found  that  with  the  increasing  business  and  expenses  attended  thereon,  this 
was  not  sufficient,  and  the  fee  was  increased  to  fift}^  dollars  in  1873,  with  an  assessment 
on  each  member  of  forty  dollars,  which  had  the  effect  of  reducing  the  membership  to 
those  engaged  in  the  grain  business  or  distilling  and  packing,  ninety-three  members  be- 
ing on  the  roll  for  that  year.  In  1876  the  membership  fees  was  increased  to  -$250  and  cer- 
tificates of  membership  transferable  on  the  books  under  certain  conditions  were  adopted. 
The  assessment  upon  the  members  has  been  gradually  reduced  to  tliirty  dollars  the 
present  year,  and  the  present  number  is  112.  The  association  has  steadily  increased  in 
financial  strength,  and  is  at  present  the  owner  of  205  shares  in  the  stock  of  the  Chamber 
of  Commerce  Association,  which  association  erected  the  present  Chamber  of  Commerce 
(at  a  cost  of  $75,000),  the  stock  in  which  is  largely  owned  by  the  individual  members 
and  firms  composing  the  Board  of  Trade.      This  building  was  erected  and  finished  in 


540  HISTORY  OP  PEORIA  COUNTY 

December,  1875,  at  which  time  the  board  occupied  its  handsome  and  commodious  rooms, 
which  are  surpassed  in  size  and  appointments  only  by  tlie  rooms  of  the  Merchants'  Ex- 
change in  St.  Louis,  and  the  Board  of  Trade  in  Chicago. 

Officers. —  The  following  are  the  names  of  the  presidents  of  the  Board  in  .the  order 
named : 

Horace  Clark,  1870-71 ;  Robert  C.  Grier,  1872 ;  J.  Hancock,  1873  ;  D.  McKinney, 
1874;  D.  P.  Grier,  1875;  G.  T.  Barker,  1876 ;  E.  S.  Easton,  1877 ;  B.  H.  Morgan,  1878 ; 
W.  R.  Bush,  1879;  Joseph  Elder,  1880. 

The  first  secretary  of  the  Board  was  Mr.  P.  F.  Chase,  in  1870.  Mr.  F.  Cantello  was 
secretary  from  1871  to  1873  inclusive.  Mr.  S.  Wilkinson  was  chosen  secretary  in 
February,  1874,  and  is  still  in  said  office.  The  officers  of  the  Board  for  1880  are  a« 
follows : 

Officers  for  1880. — Joseph  Elder,  president ;  A.  H.  Rugg,  first  vice-president ;  A.  J. 
Boylan,  second  vice-president;  Samuel  Wilkinson,  secretary;  Lewis  Howell,  treasurer. 

Directors. —  Term  expires  January,'^1881  —  R.  C.  Grier,  Horace  Clark,  B.  H.  Morgan, 
C.  F.  Hitchcock,  James  Bannister.  Term  expires  January,  1882: — E.  S.  Easton,  B. 
Warren,  Jr.,  W.  L.  Green,  Jr.,  P.  B.  Miles,  W.  Buckley. 

Committee  of  Arbitration. — Philip  Zell,  W.  L.  Green,  S.  R.  Clarke,  A.  G.  Tyng. 
George  P.  Comstock,  Thomas  J.  Pursle}'. 

Committee  of  Appeals. —  J.  B.  Smith,  Samuel  Woolner,  W.  II.  Mills,  J.  Hancock,  J. 
M.  Quinn,  W.  F.  Bryan,  Jr. 

Grain  Samplers. —  William  Perry,  chief  sampler ;  Ciiarles  S.  Easton,  ( ).  R.  Clough, 
assistants. 

Weighmasters.  —  V .  J.  Murphy,  elevator  "A;"  F.  G.  Martin,  Advance  Elevator:  J. 
H.  Jack,  Union  Elevator. 

Standing  Committees  for  1880. —  Finance:  R.  C.  Grier,  A.  J.  Boylan,  C.  F.  Hitch- 
cock. Rules  and  regulations  :  A.  H.  Rugg,  W.  Buckley,  P.  B.  Miles,  liooms  aiul 
furniture :  James  Bannister,  E.  S.  Easton.  B.  Warren,  Jr.  Telegraphing  and  printing  : 
W.  L.  Green,  Jr.,  B.  Warren,  Jr.,  A.  H.  Rugg.  Statistics  and  accounts  :  A.  J.  Boylan, 
James  Bannister,  P.  B.  Miles.  Sampling :  B.  H.  Morgan,  C.  F.  Hitchcock,  E.  S. 
Easton,  R.  C.  drier,  W.  Buckley.  Weights  and  me;usures  :  E.  S.  Easton,  B.  H.  Morgan, 
Horace  Clark.  Transportation :  P.  B.  Miles,  R.  C.  (irier.  W.  L.  Green,  Jr.  Market 
reports:  Horace  Clark,  A.  H.  Rugg,  A.  J.  Boylan.  Membership:  W.  Buckley,  P.  B. 
Miles,  James  Bannister.  Regular  warehouses :  C.  F.  Hitclicock,  E.  S.  Easton,  B.  H. 
Morgan.  Registration :  B.  Warren,  Jr.,  Horace  Clark,  W.  L.  Green,  Jr.  Call-board 
contracts :     Frank  Ilall.  D.  C.  Smith,  C.  C.  Miles. 

THE  ELEVATOR   BUSINESS. 

The  first  elevator  in  Peoria  was  erected  by  Messrs.  Grier  &  Co.  in  the  year  1801;, 
and  known  as  the  Central  elevator.  At  that  time  the  grain  trade  of  Peoria  was  quite 
small,  and  tlie  building  of  an  elevator  was  considered  a  luizardous  experiment,  it  being 
uncertain  wiietlier  tlic  receiving  trade  l)y  mil  could  be  built  up  in  this  city.  The  traffic 
in  tiiat  line,  done  previous  to  this  time,  was  j)rinuipaliy  a  retail  business,  the  dealers  pur- 
chasing their  grain  from  farnuTs  in  wagons,  and  all  grain  was  iuiudled  in  sacks,  tliere 
being  no  facilities  here  for  handling  it  in  any  otiier  manner.  Tlie  Central  elevator  was 
completed  about  the  last  of  November,  1806,  and  was  oi)ened  for  business  January  1, 
1867.  The  facilities  tlius  offered  fur  handling  grain  were  immediately  recognized  by  the 
community,  and  tin-  trade  was  worked  up  to  (juite  large  proportions  during  tlie  year  1867, 
so  llial  on  January  1.  1^68,  ilie  showing  in  tlie  grain  trade  wius  very  favorable  for  a 
larger  increase  in  that  l)usiness.  Tlie  iuiildiiig  of  tliis  house  encouraged  a  number  of 
dealers  from  abroad  to  settle  in  Peoria,  who  immediately  set  about  increasing  llie  vol- 
ume of  the  business.     In  1868  the  traffic  had  so  rapidly  increased  here  that  it  was  found 


HISTORY  OF   PEORIA   COUNTY.  541 

that  the  capacity  of  the  Central  elevator  was  not  nearly  large  enough  to  handle  all  the 
business  that  was  being  offered.  Messrs.  McFadden,  Dobbins  and  McClure,  under  the 
firm  name  of  Dobbins  &  Co.,  commenced  the  erection  of  a  larger  elevator  with  a  capaci- 
ty of  90,000  bushels,  called  the  Central  City,  in  October,  1869,  and  opened  it  for  busi- 
ness in  March,  1870.  The  building  of  this  house  gave  the  city  two  small  elevators,  and 
attracted  the  attention  of  dealers  from  all  over  the  country,  and  quite  a  number  of  them 
locating  here  commenced  to  operate  in  grain.  The  trade  of  the  city  constantly  increased, 
and  in  1871  it  was  found  that  the  elevator  facilities  were  insufficient  to  transact  the  busi- 
ness being  offered.  In  that  year  a  company  was  formed  known  as  the  Union  Elevator 
Company,  who  immediatelj^  proceeded  to  build  the  Union  elevator,  with  a  capacity  of 
150,000  bushels.  In  1876  an  addition  was  built  to  it  increasing  its  capacity  to  400,000 
bushels.  Soon  after  this,  April  25,  1872,  the  Central  City  elevator  was  destroyed  by 
fire.  The  grain  trade  kept  on  growing,  and  in  the  year  1872  another  company  was 
formed  entitled  the  Peoria  Elevator  Company,  who  erected  the  elevator  known  as  ele- 
vator "  A,"  with  a  capacity  of  350,000  bushels.  Messrs.  Tyug  and  Brotherson  also 
erected  the  same  year  an  elevator  nearly  opposite  the  Union  elevator,  called  Elevator 
"  B,"  with  a  capacity  of  100,000  to  150,000  bushels.  From  that  time  the  grain  trade  of 
Peoria  increased  year  by  year,  and  in  1875-6  Messrs.  Easton,  Rugg  &  Co.  built,  on  the 
same  site  on  which  the  Central  City  elevator  had  stood,  an  elevator  with  a  capacity  of 
150,000  bushels,  called  the  Phenix.  In  the  year  1877  both  Elevator  "  B  "  and  the 
Central  elevator  were  burned,  and  the  year  following  the  Phenix  was  also  destroyed  by 

fire.     In the  Fort  Clark  mills,  with  a  small  elevator  attached,  was  erected  on  the 

ground  where  the  Phenix  had  formerly  stood.  In  1879  Messrs.  Rugg  built 
what  is  now  known  as  the  Advance  elevator,  on  the  ground  formerly  occupied  by  the 
Central  elevator. 

At  present  there  are  four  elevators  standing  in  Peoria,  the  Union,  Advance,  Ele- 
vator "  A,"  and  the  Fort  Clark  elevator,  all  of  which  are  doing  a  large  business,  with  a 
total  storage  capacity  of  1,000,000  bushels,  the  grain  trade  of  the  city  in  1879  having  been 
heavier  than  in  any  previous  year,  with  a  flattering  prospect  of  a  steady  and  constant 
growth.  The  following  figures  show  the  receipts  and  shipments  of  the  principal  cereals 
in  the  Peoria  market  during  the  j'ear  1879  : 

Wheat  —  Received  733,225  ;  shipped  650,445. 

Com  — Received  10,323,740;  shipped  7,305,040. 

Oafs  — Received  4,896,280;  shipped  4,850,125. 

Rye  —  Received  953,465;  shipped  755,125. 

Barley—ReoeWed  834,950  ;  shipped  415,000. 

The  total  grain  traffic  of  Peoria  for  the  last  year  amounted  to  about  20,000,000 
bushels,  showing  an  increase  over  the  year  1878  of  more  than  3,500,000  bushels.  In- 
credulous as  may  seem  the  statement,  Peoria  now  ships  more  carred  grain  than  Chicago, 
besides  the  consumption  of  her  own  manufactories  —  distilleries,  glucose  works  and 
starch  works  —  which  convert  a  thousand  acres  of  grain  per  day  into  these  various  pro- 
ducts. When  to  this  vast  computation  is  added  the  millions  of  bushels  of  grain  bought 
and  shipped  by  Peoria  firms,  at  other  places  in  the  State,  and  which  is  not  included  in 
the  schedule  of  Peoria's  reports,  some  idea  may  be  formed  of  the  immensity  of  the 
volume  of  business  transacted  through  the  Board  of  Trade  organization  of  Peoria. 

LIVB  STOCK. 

This  feature  of  Peoria  business  is  of  no  small  consequence,  as  the  statistics  of  1879 
show : 

Eogs  —  Received  267,669  ;  shipped  236,693. 
Cattle  —  Received  43,060 ;  shipped  41,480. 


542  HISTORY   OF  PEORIA   COUNTY. 

THE   TJNION   STOCK   YARDS   OF   PEOBIA. 

The  live  stock  business  of  Peoria  is  of  so  recent  origin,  and  has  sprung  up  so  quietly 
and  yet  so  rapidly,  that  probably  not  a  dozen  persons  in  the  city  are  aware  of  the  really 
colossal  proportions  it  has  already  assumed,  and  that  it  compares  favorably  in  the  amount 
of  values  handled  with  the  two  leading  interests  —  distilling  and  grain. 

It  is  little  more  than  three  years  since  the  Union  Stock  Yards  of  Peoria  were  opened. 
They  owe  their  origin  to  the  sagacity  and  foresight  of  Mr.  Thomas  Neill,  late  head  of 
the  well  known  firm  of  Neill,  McGrew  &  Co.,  one  of  the  best  known  and  most  thorough 
going  stock  men  of  the  Northwest,  if  not  in  the  United  States. 

In  the  year  1878  there  were  received  here,  of  cattle,  by  railroads,  over  37,000  head, 
and  on  hoof,  as  near  as  can  be  estimated,  13,000  head,  or  a  total  of  50,000  head,  worth 
$40  a  head,  or  $2,000,000. 

The  receipts  of  hogs  in  the  same  time,  were,  by  rail,  over  235,000  head,  and  driven 
in  or  in  wagons  about  65,000  head,  a  total  of  300,000  head,  worth  $8.33§  a  piece,  or 
$2,500,000 — making  the  total  value  of  cattle  and  hogs,  to  say  nothing  of  sheep,  of  which 
there  were  considerable  numbers,  §4,500,000. 

These  three  leading  interests  of  Peoria,  therefore,  in  a  comparison  of  values,  for 
1878,  stand  as  follows,  viz : 

Distilling $8,500,000 

Grain 4,500,000 

Live  Stock 4,500,000 

It  may  well  be  asked  whether  this  large  live  stock  business  which  has  sprung  up 
rapidly  and  unobtrusively  at  the  lower  end  of  the  city,  may  be  counted  on  as  permanent, 
which  is  highly  probable. 

In  the  first  i)lace,  to  supply  her  own  local  demand,  Peoria  requires  annually  from 
10,000  to  15,000  head  of  stock  cattle  for  feeding  purposes,  for  which  the  very  highest 
market  prices  are  paid.  And  the  packers  slaughter  annually  from  50,000  to  100,000 
hogs.  This  alone  insures  a  very  large  business  in  live  stock.  But  besides  this,  Peoria  is 
a  natural  half-way  house,  and  distributing  point  between  the  fat  pastures  of  the  West, 
and  the  hungry  markets  of  the  East.  This  is  especially  true  witli  regard  to  all  that  ter- 
ritory south,  southwest  and  west  of  us,  and  tributarv  to  the  Illinois  Midland,  P.,  L.  & 
D.,  I.,  B.  &  W.,  P.,  P.  &  J.,  T.,  P.  &  W.  and  C,  H.  &  Q.  Railroads,  even  far  into  Mis- 
souri, Iowa,  Kansas  and  Nebraska.  This  central  position  of  Peoria,  and  her  unsurpassed 
railroad  facilities,  will  surely  give  her  the  same  pre-eminence  in  the  live  stock  business 
which  she  has  already  acquired  in  the  production  of  highwines  and  in  the  handling  of 
grain,  for  they  enable  her  to  offer  better  prices  to  all  the  region  tributary  to  Peoria  than 
any  other  market  can.  Live  stock  bought  here  is  not,  except  in  very  rare  instances, 
shi[){)<'d  to  Chicago  t«  be  sold  there,  but  goes  directly  Ea.st,  to  Cleveland,  Pittsburg, 
Buffalo,  Philadelpliia  or  New  York. 

The  receipts  of  cattle  at  the  Peoria  Stock  Yards  for  the  year  1878,  were  25  per  cent, 
larger  than  in  1877.  The  receipts  of  hogs  in  1878,  were  125  per  cent,  larger  than  in 
1877. 

The  Stock  Yards  comprise  thirty  to  thirty-five  acres  of  land  onnlosed  by  a  liigh 
board  fence,  laid  off  with  planked  and  graded  streets  and  alleys,  and  stiltdivided  into  a 
great  numljer  of  small  yards  and  pens.  Some  of  tliese  pens  are  covered  and  some  open, 
but  all  are  provided  with  troughs,  into  which  a  constant  stream  of  the  purest  water  flows 
from  the  K40  feet  deep  artesian  well  on  the  groiinds,  througii  a  perfect  net  work  of 
underlying  water-jnpes. 

A  railroad  track  runs  the  entire  length  of  tlie  Stock  Yards,  along  side  of  wliich  are 
platforms  and  chutes  for  unloading  and  loading.  Here  a  train  of  twenty  cars  of  hogs 
can  easily  discharge  its  entire  freight  in  a  very  few  minutes. 


HISTORY   OF  PEORIA   COUNTY.  543 

To  take  care  of  these  yards,  keep  them  in  order  and  good  condition  ;  receive,  dis- 
tribute, water,  feed,  assort  and  reload  the  stock,  requires,  of  course,  the  services  of  a 
large  number  of  men,  and  at  certain  hours  of  the  day,  especially  during  the  active  sea- 
son, there  is  no  livelier  or  busier  place  in  central  Illinois  than  at  the  Union  Stock  Yards 
of  Peoria. 

The  financial  failure  of  Mr.  Neill  in  December  1879,  who  had  conducted  the  yards 
since  thev  were  established,  necessitated  a  change  ;  the  management  has  passed  into  other 
hands,  and  the  business  is  moving  along  uninterruptedly  and  prosperously. 

PORK  PACKING. 

Pork  packing,  which  now  ranks  prominently  among  the  business  interests  of  Peoria 
was  commenced,  regularly,  by  Mr.  E.  F.  Nowland  in  1837,  who  slaughtered  and  packed 
on  the  lots  where  Crosby  White's  new  cottage  now  stands.  Mr.  Nowland  was  the  first 
to  introduce  steam  appliances  in  packing  in  the  city,  in  his  new  house  erected  in  1849,  on 
the  bank  of  the  river  near  where  Neill's  distillery  is  now  located.  This  establishment 
had  a  capacity  of  600  hogs  per  day.  The  river  became  very  high  that  Winter,  and 
flooded  his  house  and  froze  so  that  he  carried  on  the  business  on  the  ice,  and  so  succes- 
fully  that  he  made  enough  clear  to  pay  for  the  house  and  all  the  equipments. 

In  1841  John  Reynolds  began  a  regular  business  of  slaughtering  and  packing,  and 
killed  350  hogs  that  season.  The  following  year  Voris  &  Co.  and  Curtenius  &  Griswold 
engaged  in  the  business,  each  firm  cutting  from  twelve  to  fifteen  hundred  hogs.  In 
1848  E.  F.  Nowland  erected  a  slaughter  house  on  the  i-iver  bank,  near  where  the  Union 
depot  now  stands.  This  was  tiie  first  slaughtering  establishment  built  in  Peoria.  Voris 
&  Co.  and  Curtenius  &  Griswold  went  out  of  the  business  in  1850,  and  Kellogg  &  Co. 
embarked  in  it  the  same  year.  Two  years  later  Tyng  &  Brotherson  erected  a  packing 
house.  The  business  was  then  carried  on  by  Reynolds  &  Co.,  Tyng  &  Brotherson  and 
Kellogg  &  Co.  The  latter  firm  retired  from  the  business  in  1858.  In  1857  Reynolds  & 
Co.  built  a  large  slaughtering  establishment  in  addition  to  their  packing  house.  Cockle 
&  Davis  erected  a  packing  house  in  1868,  and  embarked  in  the  business  until  1876,  when 
they  retired.  Tyng  &  Brotherson  also  retired  the  following  year.  Pinger  &  Sons  erected 
a  packing  house  in  1873. 

The  only  firm  packing  this  season  is  Reynolds  &  Co.  They  are  running  their  own 
house  and  that  of  Cockle  &  Davis,  which  they  have  lately  purchased.  They  will  pack 
from  fifty  to  seventy-five  thousand  hogs  this  season  ;  are  now  cutting  —  Jan.  10, 1880  — 
from  fourteen  to  sixteen  hundred  hogs  per  day,  and  working  two  hundred  hands. 

The  firm  of  Reynolds  &  Co.  is  composed  of  William  Reynolds,  of  Peoria,  and  Mc- 
Terran  and  Shallcross,  of  Louisville,  Ky.  They  are  the  largest  packers  in  the  State 
outside  of  Chicago.  Peoria  ranks  next  to  Chicago  as  a  packing  point.  She  draws  hogs 
not  only  from  the  surrounding  country,  but  from  Iowa  and  Missouri. 

Reynolds  &  Co.  intend  to  enlarge  their  business  the  coming  year  so  as  to  kill  and 
cut  a  hundred  thousand  hogs  in  a  season.  Most  of  their  product  finds  market  in  the 
South,  except  the  lard,  which  is  shipped  to  Europe. 

This  firm  also  cures  about  a  hundred  thousand  hams  each  year,  and  their  brand  is 
quite  celebrated  in  Europe  as  well  as  throughout  this  country. 

THE   COAL   TRADE. 

Peoria  is  surrounded  by  inexhaustible  deposits  of  bituminous  coal,  which  crops  out 
of  the  bluffs  in  numerous  places,  and  is  mined  and  brought  to  the  city  in  large  quantities 
in  wagons  and  exposed  for  sale  on  the  streets,  like  hay  and  other  farm  products,  at  the 
extremely  low  rate  of  eighty  cents  per  bushel  or  two  dollars  per  ton  delivered  to  the  con- 
sumer. Not  less  than  200  miners  are  employed  in  the  several  small  mines  in  the  vicinity 
of  the  city,  whose  coal  is  disposed  of  in  this  way,  supplying  a  large  per  cent,  of  the  local 


544  niSTOHV 

consumptiou.  Since  the  completion  of  the  railroads  leading  out  of  Peona,  i^uite  a  heavy 
exporting  trade  has  grown  up  from  the  various  mines  in  the  county.  Many  of  the  towns 
in  central  Illinois  and  westward  to  Galesburg  and  Burlington  receive  their  fuel  supply 
from  Peoria  dealers,  while  a  considerable  quantity  is  shipped  farther,  into  central  and 
northern  Iowa  and  on  into  Minnesota. 

Among  the  early  shippers,  previous  to  1860,  the  most  prominent  were  Vipond  &  Co. 
and  Adam  Funk.  The  average  daily  shipments  from  the  various  mines  in  Peoria  county 
aggregate  about  thirty-three  cars,  distributed  among  the  following  firms  :  Messrs.  Phelps 
&  Son,  of  Elmwood,  five  cars  ;  Samuel  Potts,  of  Pottstown,  two  cars  ;  Wilkinson  &  Co., 
of  Edwards,  six  cars ;  Newson  Bros.,  Orchard  mines,  four  cars  ;  Flinslej'  &  Co.,  Maple- 
ton,  four  cars;  A.  ShoU  &  Co.,  three  cars;  Barton  &  Easton,  two  cars;  Kennedy  & 
Hamilton,  two  cars ;  and  E.  Kramm,  Peoria,  seven  cars.  These  firms  employ  over  200 
miners,  and  several  of  tliem  sell  large  quantities  at  retail,  beside  what  they  export,  so 
that  the  average  daily  amount  of  coal  mined  and  disposed  of  from  this  county  is  about 
20,000  bushels. 

PEOEIA  GAS-LIGHT   AND   COKE   COMPAJTY. 

In  January,  1853,  the  Legislature  granted  a  charter  to  the  Peoria  Gas-Light  and 
Coke  Company,  and  the  company  was  organized  soon  after.  The  first  contract  for  light- 
ing the  city  was  made  September  15, 1858,  and  included  the  erection  of  fifty  street  lamps. 
At  first  only  the  central  part  of  the  city  was  lighted  l)y  gas,  but  the  pipes  were  gradually 
extended  until  now  the  remote  suburbs  are  supjilied  with  their  gas  lamps,  and  in  the 
majority  of  dwellings  this  modern  luxury  has  displaced  the  tallow  candle  and  its  succes- 
sor, the  kerosene  lamp.  Although  much  more  expensive  —  at  the  exorbitant  rates  charged 
by  these  most  extortionate  of  monopolists,  the  gas  companies — than  prior  methods  of 
artificial  lighting,  the  quantity  and  quality  of  light  is  so  far  superior  that  few  families  in 
cities  are  willing  to  dispense  with  it,  unless  forced  to  do  so  as  a  matter  of  econom}-. 

The  company's  works  are  located  on  Block  70,  of  Ballance's  Addition  to  Peoria,  in 
the  south  end  of  the  city.  It  has  about  8200,000  invested  in  the  business.  After  being 
manufactured  the  gas  is  stored  in  two  holders,  wliicli  have  a  joint  capacity  of  150,000 
feet.  The  daily  consumption  of  gas  in  the  city  during  the  Winter  months,  averages 
about  130,000  feet.  Tiie  coal  used  for  its  manufacture,  of  whicli  two  car-loads  are  con- 
sumed daily,  is  shipped  from  the  Pennsylvania  mines,  as  the  coal  from  the  local  mines  is 
too  strongly  impreL^nated  with  sulphur  to  be  profitably  used  in  tlie  manufacture  of  gas. 
The  lime  is  supplied  from  Alton,  111.,  and  tlieir  water  mains  are  chiefly  manufactured  by 
Dennis  Long,  of  Louisville,  Kentucky. 

The  present  oflBcers  of  tlie  company  are  jvs  follows:  W.  A.  Herron,  president; 
Jacob  Gale,  secretary,  and  Peter  Coffey,  superintendent. 

The  city  now  supports  651  gas  street  lamps  at  a  cost  of  825  a  year  eacli,  and  262 
gasoline  lamps  at  a  cost  of  821  each  for  the  year.  The  contract  between  the  city  and  the 
gas  company  specifies  that  the  lanqw  shall  bo  liglited  from  twiliglit  in  the  evening  till 
dawn  in  tiie  morning,  except  when  the  moonlight  renders  it  unnecessary. 

Thus  it  will  be  readily  observed  tiiat  Peoriaus  pay  aliout  fifty  cents  per  capita  for 
street  lighting  each  year,  wiiicli  is,  perhaps,  as  cheap  as  tlie  average  of  American  cities 
that  are  lighted.  And  it  is  not  probalde  there  will  be  mucii  diminution  in  tliis  item  of 
city  expenses  until  Edison  or  some  otiier  genius  better  adjusts  his  harness  to  the  electric 
element,  and  brings  it  into  requisition  as  a  universal  illuminator. 

ICE  BUSINESS. 

The  ice  trade,  which  has  become  one  of  the  important  features  of  tlie  commerce  of 
Peoria,  dates  its  origin  back  to  1837,  when  A.  II.  and  J.  L.  Fasli,  then  engaged  in 
butchering,  aud  needing  it  for  the  preservation  of  their  meals,  put  n^i  an  additional  quan- 


HISTORY  OF  PEORIA  COUNTY.  545 

tity  and  supplied  the  needs  of  the  few  private  families  in  the  young  city  who  then  in- 
dulged in  the  luxury,  and  sold  some  to  the  boats  on  the  river.  They  continued  in  the 
traffic  until  about  1855. 

E.  F.  Nowlanii  began  the  business  in  a  similar  manner  about  1843,  and  continued 
for  a  number  of  years. 

Henry  Detweiller  and  Peter  Schertz,  who  were  in  partnership  in  tlie  grocery  busi- 
ness, connected  the  ice  trade  with  it  in  1854,  and  were  the  first  to  run  a  regular  ice 
wagon  in  the  city.  After  that  season,  Mr.  Detweiller  disposed  of  his  interest  to  his  part- 
ner, who  carried  it  on  some  three  years  longer.  Their  ice  house  stood  about  the  middle 
of  the  block  between  Main  and  Fulton,  and  Adams  and  Washington  Streets,  and  had  a 
capacity  of  250  tons. 

Mr.  N.  L.  Woodruff  embarked  in  the  business  in  1855,  locating  his  house  below  the 
T.,  P.  &  W.  R.  R.  bridge.  Mr.  W.  conducted  the  trade  till  his  death,  in  the  latter  part 
of  1879,  at  which  time  he  had  the  heaviest  trade  and  the  greatest  storage  facilities  of  any 
firm  in  the  city,  his  houses  having  a  capacity  of  13,000  tons.  Since  his  decease  the  busi- 
ness is  continued  by  his  family. 

Mr.  Henry  Detweiller  formed  a  partnership  with  Mr.  Woodruff,  buying  a  half  inter- 
est in  1870.  They  erected  two  large  ice  houses  in  the  upper  end  of  the  city  that  year, 
with  a  capacity  of  2,000  tons  each.  In  1872  they  built  two  more  houses  of  like  capacity. 
In  1870  they  opened  the  first  ice  office  in  the  city,  and  were  the  pioneer  wholesale  deal- 
ers in  Peoria.  On  December  1,  1876,  they  dissolved  partnership,  and  each  continued  the 
business  alone.  The  same  year  Mr.  Detweiller  erected  a  house  near  the  T.,  P.  &  W. 
bridge,  with  a  capacity  of  2,500  tons ;  and  in  1877  he  built  a  house  in  the  upper  end  of  the 
city  with  a  capacity  of  4,000  tons.  Besides  these  he  has  two  others.  The  total  capacity  of 
his  houses  is  10,500  tons.  He  continues  to  occupy  the  old  office  at  108  S.  Adams  St., 
and  runs  from  four  to  seven  wagons.  Both  he  and  the  Woodruffs  employ  steam  power 
in  harvesting  their  ice. 

J.  C.  Moore  entered  into  the  ice  trade  iu  company  with  B.  M.  Whitington  about 
1870,  continuing  until  the  death  of  Mr.  W.,  after  which  Mr.  Moore  prosecuted  the  traffic 
for  some  years,  retiring  in  the  Fall  of  1876. 

Francis  C.  Carrolt  began  the  trade  in  1877,  and  is  still  in  it,  handling  some  2,500 
tons  per  season.  J.  G.  Bhrents  started  in  the  traffic  in  1879.  Hilliard  &  West  also  have 
a  house  of  5,000  tons  capacity,  in  the  upper  end  of  the  city,  which  they  fill  and  handle 
at  wholesale  exclusively.  Henry  Mansfield  is  also  engaged  in  the  business  to  a  consider- 
able extent.  Several  other  parties  have  handled  ice  for  periods  ranging  from  one  to 
several  years,  but  are  now  out  of  the  business. 

The  annual  trade  in  this  commodity  in  Peoria,  runs  from  40,000  to  50,000  tons,  a 
large  per  cent,  of  which  finds  a  market  in  St.  Louis. 

HOTEL   HISTORY    OP    PEORIA. 

Note.  —  At  the  solicitation  of  the  publishers,  Col.  Charles  H.  Deane,  a  gentleman  of  larger  hotel  experience 
than  any  other  in  Peoria  county,  and  owner  and  proprietor  of  the  elegant  and  popular  hotel  known  by  the  euphoni- 
ous title  of  "  The  Ingersoll,"  has  kindly  furnished  for  this  work  the  following  readable  and  instructive  article  on  the 
Hotel  History  of  Peoria.  In  the  careful  preparation  of  this  valuable  bit  of  history  Mr.  D.  has  earned  the  thanks  of 
the  publishers  and  readers  of  this  volume,  as  he  has  thus  enabled  the  generations  of  the  present  and  future  to  possess 
and  preserve  the  varied  records  of  the  wayfarers'  "  rests"  in  the  Central  City. 

In  collecting  data  for  an  article  on  the  hotels  of  Peoria,  I  have  been  very  materially 
assisted  by  several  of  our  oldest  citizens ;  in  regard  to  early  hotels,  notably  by  Mr.  Mark 
M.  Aiken,  an  animated  cyclopedia,  whose  wonderful  memory  enables  him  to  speak  of 
matters  current  a  half  century  ago,  with  more  apparent  certainty  than  the  average  citi- 
zen tells  of  what  transpired  last  year.  From  him  I  learn  tliat  the  first  tavern  —  for  the 
French  term  "  hotel"  had  not  yet  been  so  universally  incorporated  into  our  vocabulary 


546  HISTORY  OP  PEORIA   COUNTi'. 

—  was  the  "Traveler's  Rest,"  certainly  a  very  suggestive  and  appropriate  name,  opened 
in  1825  liy  a  Yankee  named  John  L.  Bogardus.  It  Wiis  a  double  log  house,  located  on 
the  hank  of  the  river,  between  Main  and  Hamilton  Streets.  In  one  end  of  the  house  the 
family  lived  and  slept,  and  there  the  cooking  was  done  and  the  table  spread.  In  the 
other  end  was  the  inevitable  bar,  and  bunks  for  lodgers,  who  were  expected  to  furnish 
their  own  blankets.  The  cuisine  of  the  house  was.  as  a  matter  of  course,  very  simple, 
plain  hoi,'  and  hominy  being  the  principal  dish.  Fresh  meat,  except  game,  was  a  rarity, 
and  bread  made  from  wheat  flour  was  a  luxury  hard  to  be  obtained  and  very  seldom  in- 
dulged in.  The  bar,  which  was  the  most  popular  department  of  the  house,  was  supplied 
with  one  kind  of  liquor  only —  whisky  —  but  its  more  fastidious  patrons  were  served  with 
"black  strap,"  i.  e..  whisky  and  molasses. 

Mr.  Bogardus  continued  to  run  "the  onlj-  first  class  house  in  Peoria"  until  1827, 
when  Seth  Fulton  opened  "  Fulton's  Tavern,"  also  on  Water  Street,  above  North  Fay- 
ette, about  where  Woolner's  distillery  now  stands.  He  had  a  larger  house  and  a  better 
bar,  for  he  had  added  brandy  and  gin  to  his  stock  in  trade,  and  his  house  was  better  fur 
nished,  for  he  had  three  "  boughten  "  bedsteads,  and  a  set  of  "  boughten  "  chairs,  made 
in  St.  Louis,  and  received  by  boat.  As  is  always  the  case,  superior  accommodations  and 
attractions  won.  Fulton's  Tavern  was  crerne  de  la  creme,  nud  the  Traveler's  Rest  was 
only  a  fit  rest  for  renegade  whites  and  a  few  vagabond  Indians  who  hung  about  the  vil- 
lage for  "  fire-water."  Fulton  continued  his  public  house  until  about  1834,  when  it  was 
closed  as  a  tavern. 

In  18'JO  William  Eads  built  a  two-story  frame  house  on  Water  Street,  in  the  middle 
of  the  block  bounded  by  Fulton  and  Liberty  Streets,  and  opened  it  to  the  jniblic  as 
"  Eads'  Tavern."  It  was  by  far  tiie  most  pretentious  house  in  town,  having  four  rooms 
up  stairs,  exclusively  for  sleeping  rooms,  and  a  bar-room  by  itself;  but  we  are  unable  to 
learn  any  particulars  in  regard  to  its  management.  In  1834  Mr.  Eads  sold  out  to  Jacob 
Slougli  —  who  now  resides  in  Riehwoods  —  and  the  house  was  then  called  "  Slough's 
Tavern."  Mr.  Slough  was  blessed  with  a  buxom,  good-looking  wife,  of  rare  executive 
ability,  who  gave  every  detail  of  the  business,  out  doors  as  well  as  in,  her  personal  super- 
vision, and  left  "  Jakey,"  as  Mr.  Slough  was  familiarly  called,  but  little  to  do,  except  to 
entertain  guests,  and  attend  the  bar.  Under  his  excellent  management  quite  an  exten- 
sive addition  was  built  to  the  house,  and  a  large  stable  added,  and  the  house  became 
noted,  far  and  wide,  for  its  good  liquors,  bounteous  board,  and  as  the  only  house  in  town 
that  gave  its  guests  white  bread  and  real  coffee,  every  day.  In  184;")  ^Ir.  Slough  sold 
the  furniture,  and  rented  the  house  to  Savage  it  Lawrence  —  Mr.  Lawrence  yet  lives 
here  —  and  they  the  next  year  sold  to  Captain  Patterson,  an  old  steamboat  man.  The 
Captain  had  an  interesting  family  of  girls,  and  tuitil  they  were  married  ofl".  the  house 
was  the  popular  rendezvous  of  the  3'oung  peojile  of  the  place.  In  1S4'.'  Captain  Patter- 
son sold  the  furniture,  closed  the  house,  and  went  West,  and  the  building  was  subdivided 
into  shops,  and  finally  a  few  j-ears  ago  burned  down. 

About  18:U  John  Hamlin  moved  a  large  frame  stable  from  a  lot  up  at  the  head  of 
Main  Street  to  the  lot  on  the  corner  of  Main  and  Washington  streets,  built  quite  an  ex- 
tensive addition  to  it,  and  rented  it  to  Col.  A.  O.  Garrett,  who  furnished  it  and  ojiened 
it  as  the  "  Peoria  Hotel,"  which  is  the  first  record  we  have  of  the  useof  the  term  "  hotel," 
in  this  place.  The  Peoria  Hotel  had  about  sixteen  sleeping  rooms,  up  stairs,  a  bar-room, 
which  was  used  also  for  office,  a  ladies'  parlor,  dining  room  and  kitchen,  on  the  ground 
floor.  It  was  a  "  loney  "  house  for  its  day  and  age,  and  Colonel  fJarrett  made  money 
there  so  rapidly  that  in  18:'.8  he  commenced  the  erection  of  what  is  now  known  as  the 
Peoria  Htuise,  which  he  completed  and  (qieneil  in  the  Fall  of  IS  10,  as  the  Planters' 
House.  Tills  hotel,  when  first  built,  was  the  largest  and  best  hotel  building  in  the  State. 
In  si/.e  it  was  about  eighty  feet  square,  three  stories  and  a  basement  high,  and  it  con- 
tained thirty-seven  sleeping  rooms,  and  all  necessarj-  public  rooms.     For  a  long  time  it 


HISTORY   OF  PEORIA  (BOUNTY.  547 

was  noted  as  the  leading  hotel  of  Illinois,  and  it  now  is,  and  always  has  been,  the  largest 
in  Peoria. 

After  Mr.  Garrett  had  opened  the  Planters',  the  Peoria  Hotel  was  discontinued  and 
the  building  was  afterward  used  for  stores.  A  part  of  the  rear  of  the  old  building  is 
still  standing  and  is  occupied  as  a  Chinese  wash-house.  Colonel  Garrett  remained  pro- 
prietor of  the  Planters'  House  until  about  1849,  when,  being  harassed  by  suits  at  law 
with  Mr.  Stevenson,  one  of  the  contractors  who  built  the  house,  he  transferred  the  pro- 
prietorship to  his  brother-in-law,  John  Tuttle,  who  conducted  the  house  with  but  indif- 
ferent success  for  about  a  year,  when  the  property  was  sold  to  Messrs.  Smith  &  Hurlburt, 
who  came  here  from  St.  Louis.  Mr.  Hurlburt  still  resides  in  tlie  lower  part  of  the  city. 
They  gave  tlie  house  its  present  name,  "  Peoria  House,"  and  conducted  it  very  acceptably 
and  profitably  for  about  four  years,  when  Mr.  Smith  sold  his  interest  to  Mr.  Warren 
Hall.  Messrs.  Hall  &  Hurlburt  made  quite  a  number  of  improvements  in  the  hotel,  and 
built  a  large  addition  on  the  lower  side  of  it.  They  also  introduced  dinner  bills  of  fare, 
an  article  which  had  not  before  that  time  been  used  in  Peoria. 

In  1858,  Hall  &  Hurlburt  sold  to  P.  B.  Roberts,  who  failed  to  make  any  money  in 
the  house,  and  after  a  few  months  sold  to  John  King,  who  had  previously  made  an  ex- 
cellent record  as  proprietor  of  the  Clinton  House.  Mr.  King  very  soon  took  in  his  son- 
in-law,  Alfred  Freeman,  as  a  partner,  under  the  firm  name  of  King  &  Freeman.  In  1861 
John  King  sold  his  interest  to  his  son,  H.  C.  King,  and  the  firm  name  was  changed  to 
Freeman  &  King.  This  firm  abolished  the  old  time  gong,  which  had  been  used  since  the 
first  opening  of  the  house,  to  awaken  its  guests  and  summon  them  to  meals  ;  and  an- 
nounced on  their  room  rules:  "  meals  prompt;  no  gong  sounded."  In  1862,  Mr.  Free- 
man bought  the  interest  of  H.  C.  King,  and  was  sole  proprietor  of  the  house  until  March 
1,  1867,  when  he  sold  to  Colonel  Charles  H.  Deane,  who  had  previously  opened  and  run 
the  Metropolitan,  of  which  mention  will  be  made  hereafter.  Colonel  Deane  made  Yery 
extensive  alterations  and  improvements  in  the  interior  of  the  house,  leveling  up  and 
relaying  all  the  floors,  putting  gas  pipes  through  the  entire  house,  abolishing  the  rows  of 
room  bells  which  graced  (?)  the  office  and  putting  in  their  stead  t!ie  first  electric  annun- 
ciator used  in  the  West.  He  also  cut  transoms  over  all  the  room  doors,  laid  a  tile  floor  in 
the  office,  and  built  a  large  addition  on  the  Adams  Street  front.  He  conducted  it  very 
profitably  until  March  1,  1879,  a  period  of  twelve  years,  very  much  longer  than  any  pre- 
vious proprietor  had  held  it,  wlien  he  sold  to  Q.  A.  Graves  and  Mary  A.  Van  Est,  who, 
under  the  firm  name  of  Graves  &  Van  Est,  managed  the  house  for  about  eight  months, 
when  they  sold  to  J.  Q.  Perley,  the  present  proprietor. 

In  1837,  John  R.  Colwell  built  a  very  nice  three-story  brick  hotel  on  the  corner  of 
Adams  and  Fulton  Streets,  where  the  T.,  P.  &  W.  general  offices  are  now  located,  and 
leased  it  to  John  King,  who  opened  it  to  the  public  as  the  "  Clinton  House."  Mr.  King 
made  an  excellent  reputation  for  the  house,  and  a  considerable  amount  of  money.  He 
sold  it,  in  1846,  to  John  Yontz,  who  was  proprietor  for  about  two  years,  when  he  sold  to 
Mr.  Hardy,  and  in  the  Spring  of  1849,  Hardy  sold  to  John  B.  Warner,  father  of  Colonel 
Warner,  our  worthy  mayor,  and  of  the  Warner  family  of  Peoria.  Mr.  Warner  liad  a 
powerful  ally  in  his  wife,  who  will  be  remembered  not  only  as  a  most  excellent  lady,  but 
as  an  indefatigable  worker,  and  as  one  of  the  best  cooks  Peoria  ever  possessed.  To  her, 
more  than  to  any  one  else,  the  house  owed  its  prosperit}"-,  which  continued  up  to  the 
time  of  its  destruction  by  fire  in  1853. 

About  1838,  Mrs.  Lindsay,  mother  of  J.  T.  Lindsay,  opened  a  public  house  in  a 
two-story  frame  building  on  the  lower  side  of  Main  Street,  above  the  alley  between  Ad- 
ams and  Washington  Streets,  and  called  it  the  "  Franklin  House."  The  house  was 
rather  small  and  we  can  not  learn  many  particulars  in  regard  to  it,  save  that  it  was  con- 
ducted very  acceptably  for  a  number  of  years  and  in  1846  was  sold  to  Clark  Cleveland, 
and  he,  in  1847,  sold  to  John  B.  Warner. 


548  HISTORY  OF   PEORIA   COUNTY. 

In  1849,  Mr.  Warner,  having  purchased  the  Clinton  House,  sold  the  Franklin  House 
to  Sam  Grouse,  at  present  one  of  our  city  constables,  who  was  its  last  proprietor,  as  in 
the  succeeding  years  it  was  altered,  subdivided  into  stores  and  used  for  commercial 
purposes. 

About  1849,  A.  P.  Loucks,  father  of  Hon.  W.  Loucks,  opened  a  large  two-story 
fiame  building  that  stood  on  the  lower  corner  of  Main  and  Water  Streets,  as  the 
"  Farmers'  Hotel,"  and  he  succeeded  in  keeping  it  crowded  with  tiiat  class  of  custom. 
His  specialty  was  "  pork  and  beans,  and  low  prices."  The  house  was  verj'  successful, 
but  in  1852  it  was  torn  down  to  make  way  for  a  large  brick  block,  the  lower  floor  of 
which  was  first  used  by  the  Central  Bank. 

About  1846,  William  Mitchell  added  to  and  improved  his  residence,  which  stood  on 
the  corner  of  Jefferson  and  Fulton  Streets  —  now  occupied  b}-  Bohl  &  Son  —  and  opened 
it  as  the  "Mitchell  House."  After  running  it  for  a  short  timi'  witli  jtoor  success,  he 
leased  the  premises  to  the  M.  E.  Church,  who  essayed  to  establish  a  female  seminar}-. 
That  proving  a  failure,  it  was  again  opened  as  a  hotel  by  Captain  Phillips,  who  soon 
found  that  it  would  not  pay  and  sold  out  to  D.  D.  Irons  and  Seth  Griffin.  Irons  & 
Griffin  made  quite  extensive  alterations  in  the  house,  added  a  considerable  amount  of 
new  furniture,  and  christened  it  "  The  Arctic."  The  name  proved  too  much  for  it ;  the 
new  firm  were  soon  frozen  out,  when  C.  H.  Ruggles  took  iiold,  renamed  it  "  The  Massa- 
soit,"  and  for  a  time  it  enjoyed  a  good  run  of  business.  About  1S.")3,  Ruggles  took  in 
Thomas  Dobbins  as  a  jiartner,  and  a  few  months  later  Dobbins  bought  out  Ruggles  and 
was  sole  proprietor.  He  very  soon  after  got  tired  of  the  business,  sold  to  George  N. 
Remmington,  who  gave  the  house  his  own  name,  "  The  Remmington  House,"  and  as 
such  it  was  moderately  successful,  until  1856.  when  James  L.  Fash  became  proprietor. 
In  1858,  Mr.  Fasli  sold  to  George  Wilson,  who  again  clianged  tlie  name  of  tlie  house  to 
"  Fulton  House."  Tlie  next  year  Wilson  sold  to  a  man  by  the  name  of  Miller.  He  soon 
sold  to  Halstead,  and  in  1860  Halstead  sold  to  George  C.  McFadden,  who  had  previously 
kept  the  house  now  known  as  the  Central  House.  Mr.  McFadden,  by  curtailing  ex- 
penses as  much  as  possible,  and  ignoring  all  attempts  at  style,  made  the  house  yield  him- 
self and  family  a  living,  and  in  1864  sold  to  one  Haskins,  who  was  its  proprietor  when 
it  was  burned  in  1866. 

The  original  corner  part  of  the  building  now  known  as  the  "  Central  House,"  was 
built  by  a  Mr.  Hopkins  al)Out  1844,  and  was  used  by  him  as  a  foundry.  A  few  years 
later  James  McFadden  bought  from  the  M.  E.  Society  tlieir  cluncii  building,  moved  it 
down  Harrison  Street  and  added  it  to  the  corner  building,  and  fitted  them  up  as  a  liotel, 
wliicli  lie  leased  to  liis  brotlier,  G.  C.  McFadden,  who,  in  1S56,  opened  it  as  the  '*  Farm- 
ers' House."  Mr.  McFadden  was  quite  successful  in  tlie  management  of  the  liouse,  but 
in  1860  sold  to  a  good  advantage  to  J.  E.  Phillips,  wlio  also  Ijouglit  the  realty,  changed 
its  name  to  "  Central  House,"  and  built  quite  a  large  brick  addition  thereto.  Mr.  Phillips 
continued  in  charge  of  the  house  up  to  the  time  of  his  death,  and  it  was  continued  there- 
after l)y  his  widow  until  1879,  when  the  furniture  was  sold,  and  the  i)roperty  leiu^ed  to 
Thomas  lago,  the  iireseiit  jiroprietor. 

Al)out  1860  William  Hrady  built  the  house  now  known  as  the  "  City  Hotel."  and 
opened  it  as  the  "  Buckeye  House."  After  many  vicissitudes  it  was  finall}*  closed  as  a 
hotel,  and  remained  so  until  after  the  war,  when  it  was  lcase<l,  furnished  and  opened  by 
General  Otto  Funk,  as  "  Funk's  Hotel."  General  Funk  did  not  make  the  enterprise  pay, 
and  in  1867  sold  to  Louis  Furst,  and  he  again  in  1874  sold  to  H.  S.  DeVries.  who  was 
much  more  successful,  and  continued  its  proprietor  until  the  Fall  of  1879,  when  W.  E. 
Lowrey,  the  present  proprietor,  took  charge. 

In  1805  tliere  stood  on  the  upper  corner  of  Fulton  and  Water  Streets  an  unoccupied 
tluee-story  brick  block.  Hon.  Isaac  Underbill  purchased  the  property  and  converted  it 
into  a  very  cosy  hotel  of  about  one  hundred  rooms,  and  leased  it  to  Colonel  Charles  U. 


HISTORY  OF  PEORIA   COUNTY.  549 

Deane,  who  furnished  it  in  an  elegant  manner  and  opened  it  to  the  public  in  the  follow- 
ing May,  as  the  "  Metropolitan."  Every  thing  about  the  house  being  bright,  fresh  and 
new,  it  naturally  attracted  the  best  trade,  and  did  a  heavy  business  all  Summer.  In  Sep- 
tember of  that  year  Colonel  Deane  sold  a  half  interest  in  the  house  to  J.  B.  Peckham,  from 
Utica,  Illinois,  and  the  house  was  conducted  by  Deane  &  Peckham  until  February  1, 
1867,  when  Colonel  Deane,  having  bought  into  the  Peoria  House,  sold  his  interest  to  Mr. 
Underhill.  Peckham  &  Underbill  ran  the  house  for  about  three  months,  when  Mr.  Peck- 
ham sold  his  interest  to  Messrs.  Clarkson,  Laing  and  Blakeslee,  who,  under  the  firm  name 
of  Underhill  &  Co.,  conducted  the  house  until  February  1.  18G8,  when  they  sold  to  A. 
Look,  who  came  from  Havana,  Illinois  ;  and  on  the  28th  of  the  same  month  the  greater 
part  of  the  house  was  destroyed  by  fire.  In  1872,  Mr.  Spurck,  who  had  become  the 
owner  of  the  property,  partly  rebuilt  the  hotel,  and  leased  it  to  J.  L.  Pendleton,  who 
opened  it  as  the  "  Pacific  Hotel,"  and  continued  its  proprietor  until  some  two  years  ago, 
when  Thos.  Conaghan,  the  present  proprietor,  bought  the  furniture,  and  again  changed 
its  name  to  "  Conaghan's  Hotel." 

The  "  Merchants'  Hotel,"  on  Washington  Street,  just  below  Main,  was  fitted  up  in 
1874,  by  J.  S.  Clark  &  Sou,  from  the  upper  rooms  of  a  block  of  stores,  making  a  very 
commodious  hotel  of  about  sixty  rooms.  Messrs.  Clark  &  Sons  having  successfully 
conducted  the  house  during  a  five  years'  lease,  have  quite  recently  taken  a  new  lease 
for  three  years  more. 

"  The  Ingersoll,"  at  the  north  corner  of  Court  Square,  is  the  latest  candidate  for 
public  favor.  It  was  built  some  years  ago  by  Hon.  Washington  Cockle,  for  a  private 
residence,  at  a  cost  of  over  $50,000,  and  is  to-day  the  largest  and  fiuest  residence  in  the 
city.  Mr.  Cockle  sold  the  property  to  Colonel  Robert  G.  Ingersoll,  and  Colonel  Inger- 
soll, after  removing  to  Washington,  D.  C,  sold  to  Colonel  Charles  H.  Deane,  who,  in 
November  last,  opened  the  house,  and  is  now  conducting  it  as  a  hotel  for  the  better  class 
of  family  trade  and  such  transient  business  as  may  come  to  him. 

In  reviewing  and  closing  this  scrap  of  hotel  historj^  which  I  give  with  but  little  com- 
ment, I  am  forced  to  the  conclusion  that  as  an  article  of  barter  the  average  hotel  of  Peo- 
ria largely  discounts  jack-knives  or  horses,  and  like  the  average  horse-jockey,  hotel  propri- 
etors here  all  have  large  fortunes — to  get.  The  life  of  a  hotel  keeper  is  one  of  great 
activity  and  excitement,  a  grand  kaleidoscope,  changing  every  hour.  Each  train  bears 
away  guests,  that  a  few  hours'  intercourse  with  has  drawn  you  towards,  as  towards  an 
old  friend,  and  you  are  loth  to  part  with  them,  not  from  a  money  consideration,  but  be- 
cause you  have  found  them  pleasant,  affable,  companionable.  The  returning  train  brings 
a  new  set  of  faces,  but  with  the  same  general  characteristics  and  wants,  and  you  are 
again  happy  in  catering,  and  being  able  to  satisfy  those  wants. 

Again,  hotel  men  may  be  likened  to  an  echo,  or  a  mirror,  giving  smile  for  smile, 
returning  good  word  for  good,  but  my  experience  is  that  they  rarely  turn  the  left  cheek, 
when  smitten  on  the  right,  but  are  just  as  apt  to  resent  churlish,  ungentlemanly  conduct 
as  other  men  are.  The  hotel  is  the  wayfarer's  home,  and  shelters  alike  the  highest  in 
the  land  as  well  as  the  most  humble  —  the  good  in  heart,  as  well  as  the  vile,  the  learned, 
and  the  simple.  And  a  retrospective  glance  over  fourteen  years  of  hotel  life  brings  to 
mind  many  reminiscences  of  persons,  noted  and  obscure,  which  time  and  space  will  not 
allow  me  to  mention. 

THE   CENTRAL   CITY   HORSE   RAILWAY   COMPANY. 

This  company  was  chartered  by  the  Legislature  in  February,  1867,  and  authorized 
to  construct  and  operate  a  single  or  double-track  railway  in  the  city  of  Peoria,  over  such 
streets  as  the  City  Council  might  designate.  An  organization  was  effected  during  the 
same  year,  and  subscriptions  procured,  liut  at  a  meeting  of  the  stockholders,  of  which 
John  L.  Griswold  was  chairman  and  Washington  Cockle,  secretary,  held  at  the  First 


550  HISTORY  OF  PEORIA   COUNTY. 

National  Rank  shortly  thereafter,  "  it  appearinc:  to  the  stockholders  that  the  project  of 
buililintj  and  operating  a  horse  railway  will  not  pay  a  sufficient  return  at  present  to  justify 
the  expenditure,"  it  was  resolved  to  release  the  subscribers  from  the  payment  of  their 
subscriptions  to  stock,  and  the  project  for  the  time  being  was  abandoned,  (^n  the  7th  of 
August,  1S68,  the  old  Board  of  Directors,  consisting  of  Messrs.  D.  C.  Farrell,  John  C. 
Proctor,  John  L.  Griswold,  H.  G.  Anderson  and  Washington  Cockle,  resigned,  and  a 
new  Board  was  elected,  of  which  W.  R.  Bush  was  president,  Nelson  Burnham,  secre- 
tary, and  E.  H.  Jack,  treasurer. 

Nothing,  however,  was  done  towards  giving  the  enterprise  direction  until  the  4th 
da}'  of  October.  1869,  when,  pursuant  to  a  call  made  by  president  Bush,  a  meeting  of 
stockholders  was  held  in  the  land  office  of  Bryan  &  Co.,  and  a  new  Board  of  Directors, 
consisting  of  Messrs.  William  Reynolds,  John  L.  Griswold,  Washington  Cockle,  Henry 
R.  Woodward,  J.  W.  Cochran,  Joseph  H.  Wright  and  James  T.  Rogers,  was  elected,  Mr. 
Reynolds  being  chosen  president;  J.  W.  Cochran,  secretary;  and  James  T.Rogers, 
treasurer. 

On  October  7,  1869,  "  it  appearing  to  the  Board  that  sufficient  subscriptions  had 
been  made  to  the  capital  stock  to  justify  the  construction  of  two  miles  of  steel  railway, 
it  was  ordered  that  a  line  of  the  same  be  built,  commencing  at  a  point  on  Adams  Street, 
on  the  e.isterly  side  of  South  Street  and  extending  along  Adams  Street  eastwardly  a  dis- 
tance of  two  miles,  taking  out  the  necessary  switches." 

E.  J.  Cornell,  formerly  a  resident  of  Peoria,  but  then  of  Erie,  Pennsylvania,  obtained 
the  contract  for  the  building  of  the  road,  and  furnishing  four  cars,  for  the  sum  of  f  20.000. 
J.  H.  Wright,  of  the  Board  of  Directors,  proved  very  efficient  in  the  securing  of  sub- 
scriptions, and  the  work  went  rapidly  on  until  its  completion  on  the  31st  day  of  Decem- 
ber, 1869.  Cars  began  to  run  on  the  15th  of  January,  1870.  the  first  day's  receipts  ag- 
gregating •ii40.48.  The  enterprise  proving  successful,  on  February  14.  1870,  it  was  re- 
solved to  extend  the  line  from  Main  Street  to  the  "hollow  near  the  Pottery,"  which  was 
completed  shortly  thereafter,  and  by  the  next  Spring  extended  as  far  as  Central  Park. 

This  beautiful  property,  comprising  about  eight  acres,  was  purchased  by  the  com- 
pany from  John  Burket,  in  the  Summer  of  1870.  In  1875  the  Artesian  well  was  sunk 
upon  it  at  a  cost  of  •i'2,750. 

The  company  two  or  three  years  since  also  purchased  the  Peoria  Horee  Railway,  and 
operates  that  road  in  connection  with  its  main  line  to  the  Union  Depots.  Altogether 
the  company  owns  a  very  valuable  property.  Its  total  amount  of  stock  is  ^78,500,  and 
it  has  been  enabled  through  careful  management  to  declare  handsome  dividends  every 
year.  It  employs  aljout  ninety-five  horses  and  thirty-five  cars.  Its  present  officers  are  : 
H.  R.  Woodwanl,  president ;  E.  Smith,  Jr.,  .secretary  ;  W.  H.  Davis,  treiusnrer  ;  A.  J. 
Cleveland,  book-keeper ;  and  John  Strung,  superintendent.  Tiio  company's  lines  com- 
prise a  total  of  seven  miles  of  road  which  is  kept  in  first-class  repair  ami  well  managed. 
The  citizens  appreciate  its  benefits  and  give  it  a  liberal  patronage,  nmking  the  property 
one  of  the  best  paying  investments  in  Peoria. 

Fort  i^lark  IJorse  Ritilroad.  —  This  company  was  organized  on  the  17th  of  May, 
1873.  by  electing  John  II.  Hall,  president  —  which  position  he  still  holds  ;  E.  S.  Bunn, 
secretary,  and  Samuel  B.  Hartz,  treasurer.  The  capital  stoek  of  the  company  was 
originally  •i'50,000,  but  was  sul)sequently  increased  to  70,000,  in  shares  of  |'.")0  each. 
Ground  was  first  broken  for  the  construction  of  the  road  on  the  26th  of  May,  and  on  the 
4th  of  July  following,  cars  were  running  on  the  greater  portion  of  the  line,  and  by 
August  1st  the  entire  road  from  the  cemetery  gate  to  the  intersection  of  Howett  and 
Webster  SlreclH,  a  little  over  five  miles,  was  eompleted  and  in  o|)eration.  The  company 
encountered  determined  opposition  in  the  prosecution  of  its  work,  lus  the  lecords  of  the 
court  for  that  year —  the  only  relics  now  remaining  —  show  a  series  of  hotly  contested 
suits,  in  which  the  Port  Clark  Company,  having  right  on  its  side,  came  out  victorious. 


HISTORY  OF  PEORIA   COUNTY.  551 

The  financial  reverses  which  followed  closely  upon  the  completion  of  the  road,  fell 
upon  it  with  almost  crushing  severity  ;  and  hut  for  the  most  indomitable  courage  and 
perseverance  on  the  part  of  the  managers,  and  especially  of  Captain  Hall,  who  had  em- 
barked his  entire  fortune  in  it,  must  have  gone  through  the  mills  of  the  courts,  which 
have  ground  to  powder  manj-  heavier  corporations.  Added  to  its  other  misfortunes  the 
company  has  experienced  two  disastrous  fires  by  which  it  lost  heavily.  On  the  31st  of 
March,  187i%  their  barn,  with  their  harness  and  twenty-four  head  of  horses  was  burned, 
by  which  the  loss  exceeded  the  insurance  some  f  1,500.  On  March  10,  1879,  their  car 
house,  containing  twenty  cars  and  all  the  company's  tools,  went  up  in  thin  air,  a  prey  to 
the  hungry  flames,  losing  the  company  about  $1,600  above  the  insurance.  A  new  barn, 
and  new  car  house  now  occupy  the  places  of  the  old  ones,  new  and  comfortable  cars  have 
been  constructed  to  replace  those  burned,  and  the  road,  with  a  stock  of  twenty  cars  and 
thirty  horses  —  to  be  increased  in  the  Spring — is  well  equipped  and  abl)-  managed.  It 
has  never  paid  any  dividend,  Jlnd  those  reverses  created  such  a  burden  of  debt  that  it  is 
doubtful  if  the  stockholders  realize  much  income  from  their  investment  for  some  years. 
But  under  the  active  and  efiicient  control  of  the  invincible  Captain  Hall,  who  has  never 
allowed  a  paper  to  go  to  protest,  and  whose  creative  resources  for  equipment  and  sup- 
plies have  thus  far  proved  inexhausible,  the  Foi-t  Clark  promises  in  the  near  future  to 
become  one  of  the  prosperous  public  improvements  which  Peorians  should  fully  appreci- 
ate, and  honor  the  enterprise,  persistent  pluck  which  founded  and  sustains  it. 

PEOKIA   MANUFACTORIES. 

With  her  superior  facilities,  of  favorable  location,  upon  a  navigable  stream,  midway 
between  Chirago  and  St.  Louis,  connected  with  both  by  water  and  rail  transportation, 
as  well  as  all  the  great  centers  of  commerce  east,  west,  north  and  south,  through  ten 
railroads,  and  another  in  prospect ;  in  the  very  heart  of  the  richest  agricultural  country 
on  the  two  continents,  and  a  fuel  supply  for  a  thousand  centuries  cropping  from  the  hill- 
sides at  her  very  door.  Peoria  should  speedilj'  become  one  of  the  most  important  man- 
ufacturing cities  in  the  United  States.  While  Illinois  has  a  productive  capacity  to 
almost  fill  the  granaries  of  the  world,  and  feed  fifty  millions  of  people,  there  is  no  reason 
why  wares  of  consumption  may  not  be  manufactured  within  her  own  borders,  and  in- 
stead of  transporting  the  products  of  a  prolific  soil  across  the  continent  to  feed  the  manu- 
facturer in  New  England  and  send  his  fabrics  back,  let  the  ingenious  Yankee  be  trans- 
ported to  the  "  Sucker  "  State,  and  the  producer  and  consumer  live  neighbors. 

No  city  or  locality  in  this  great  State  offers  such  advantages  for  manufacture  as 
Peoria,  and  now  that  the  nucleus  is  planted  here,  by  the  power  of  attraction  others  will 
rapidly  accumulate.  In  the  following  pages  some  of  the  more  prominent  are  briefly 
sketched. 

The  Glucose  or  Grape  Sugar  Works.  —  As  the  article  of  glucose  in  its  various  torms 
is  wrapped  in  mystery  in  the  minds  of  many,  it  will  be  justifiable  to  occupy  a  small  space 
in  explanation.  Glucose  is  the  Latin  name  for  all  sacciiarine  solutions  contained  in  the 
cereals,  in  fruits,  peas,  beans,  etc.  It  differs  from  sucrose  (cane  sugar)  in  that  it  forms 
no  crystals,  and  is  identical  with  the  sugar  formed  on  dried  fruits,  especially  raisins,  from 
which  the  sugar  thus  formed  derived  the  name  grape  sugar.  The  glucose  manufactured 
from  corn  and  other  grains  is  the  result  of  a  chemical  treatment,  which  changes  the 
starch  of  the  grain  into  saccharine  matter.  Kirchoff,  a  chemist  of  St.  Petersburg,  Russia, 
was  the  first  to  convert  starch  into  sugar,  in  the  year  1811.  It  created  quite  a  sensation 
at  the  time,  and  several  factories  sprang  up  in  France  and  Germany  for  the  purpose  of 
converting  the  starch  of  the  potato  into  sugar ;  but  finding  it  inferior  in  sweetness  and 
taste  to  cane  sugar,  the  manufacture  of  it  declined.  In  1832  the  eminent  chemist  Paycn 
commenced  to  improve  upon  the  first  rude  process  of  converting  starch  into  sugar  and 
sirup.     Musculus  and  Dubrunfault  followed  him  in  their  researches  with  astonishing  sue- 


552  HISTORY  OF  PEORIA  COUNTT. 

cess,  producing  sirup  even  superior  in  color  and  tiuste  to  cane  sirup,  although  it  did  not 
possess  as  great  sweetening  properties,  requiring  five  pounds  to  he  equal  to  three  of  cane 
sugar.  This  gave  the  manufacture  a  new  impetus,  and  improved  machinery  was  made 
and  new  factories  were  erected ;  and  the  sugar,  at  first  brown  and  bitterish,  became  pure, 
white  and  sweet.  Extensive  experimenting  developed  a  number  of  forms  of  glucose, 
the  principal  of  which  are :  Glucose  as  sugar,  called  "  grape  sugar ;  "  glucose  as  a  dense, 
gummy  sirup,  called  "glucose;"  glucose  as  a  table  sirup,  called  "starch  sirup."  The 
starch  is  also  transformed  into  dextrine  in  the  form  of  gum-arabic  and  gum-seuegal,  and 
also  as  leigum,  used  in  the  cotton  factories  in  England.  The  two  first  named  articles  are 
chiefly  used  for  brewing,  confectionery,  vinegar,  wine  making,  fruit  preserving,  honey 
cordials,  tobacco  manufacture,  silk  dyes,  and  paper  hangings.  The  uses  of  glucose  are, 
however,  increasing.  When  properly  made,  the  products  are  all  pure  and  wholesome, 
containing  the  best  part  of  the  starch.  So  rapidly  did  the  demand  increase,  that  in  1878 
there  were  eighty-four  factories  in  operation  in  Europe. 

The  United  States  has  the  honor  of  discovering  the  process  of  making  glucose  from 
corn.  In  the  year  1863  F.  W.  Gessling  and  Lyman  Bradley,  of  the  city  of  Buffalo,  im- 
provised a  small  experimental  factory  on  Green  Street,  to  see  if  grape  sugar,  glucose,  and 
sirup  could  be  made  from  corn.  They  were  called  insane  by  their  friends,  but  by  per- 
sistence succeeded,  and  in  1864  obtained  a  patent  for  the  process.  In  July  of  that  year 
a  committee  of  sugar  refiners  and  chemists  from  New  York  went  to  Buffalo  to  investigate 
the  invention.  After  spending  soma  time  they  returned  home  and  others  followed.  On 
November  10,  1864,  a  sale  of  the  patent  was  effected  for  $600,000  to  a  stock  company, 
with  a  capital  of  81,000,000. 

Messrs.  A.  W.  Fox  and  Horace  Williams  established  the  first  regular  manufactory 
of  glucose  from  corn  in  this  country  in  1867.  Mr.  Fox  was  accidentally  killed  soon  after 
and  the  business  passed  into  the  hands  of  the  Buffalo  Grape  Sugar  Company,  Mr.  C.  J. 
Hamlin,  president.  The  experiment  proved  a  very  lucrative  one,  and  the  works  have 
been  enlarged  from  time  to  time,  until  they  cover  a  whole  block  and  employ  millions  of 
capital. 

Dr.  J.  Frimenich,  of  that  city,  also  embarked  in  the  business  a  little  later,  and 
established  his  present  extensive  manufactor}-.  In  1877  Dr.  R.  V.  Pierce  and  F.  A.  Jeb 
built  the  American  works,  located  also  in  Buffalo. 

In  Januarj',  l87'.t,  Mr.  E.  C.  Fiost,  of  that  city,  conceived  the  idea  that  there  must 
be  some  point  in  the  West  far  superior  to  Buffalo  for  the  manufacture  of  these  goods. 
Accordingly,  in  company  with  Mr.  William  Allen,  of  Buffalo,  one  of  the  most. skillful 
experts  in  this  country  in  the  grape  sugar  business,  he  started  West  in  quest  of  a  location 
that  offered  the  greatest  number  of  advantages  for  this  branch  of  manufacture,  chief  of 
which  are  an  abundant  supply  of  corn  at  a  reasonable  i)rice ;  an  ample  suj)ply  of  pure 
water  —  which  is  a  prime  necessity  for  making  the  best  chiss  of  goods  —  clieap  fuel,  and 
large  sliij)ping  facilities.  After  a  thorough  tour  of  investigation,  and  visuling  numerous 
points,  they  decided  upon  Peoria  as  the  place  in  question.  The  erection  of  the  Peoria 
Sugar  Refinery  Works  was  the  direct  result  of  their  visit,  though  not  built  by  them. 
About  the  middle  of  .May,  1S7'.^  Messrs.  F.  A.  and  William  T.  Jel),  in  cooperation  with 
prcjniinent  capit^ilists  of  Peoria,  formetl  a  joint  stock  cDinjiany  with  ■$1.")0,000  stock,  of 
which  tiic  JcIjs  took  half  and  the  resident  citizens  the  remaiiidei.  Six  acres  of  lainl  was 
purchased  on  the  river  hank  just  below  the  I.,  B.  &  \V.  R.  R.  bridge,  and  tiie  building  at 
once  iicgan.  The  structure  is  an  imposing  one,  of  brick,  six  stories  high,  and  covering 
an  area  of  104xHm;  feet.     Its  walls  cont^iin  over  three  million  bricks. 

Peoria  l>ii>tillerie»  —  Their  Number,  Cost,  Capacity,  and  Amount  of  Biuineit.  — 
Of  the  manufactures  that  have  held  an  important  place  in  the  history  of  Peoria,  that 
of  dislillinir  si)irits  or  hi''liwinfs  h;us  ranked  amonir  ilie  first.  Ten  vears  before  the  advent 
of  railroads  tliis  branch  of  industry  was  started,  and  it  has  since  been  the  means  of  mak- 


HISTORY  OF  PEOKIA  COUNTY.  553 

ing  several  large  foitunes  for  those  engaged  in  it.  About  the  year  1843  Almiron  S.  Cole, 
a  merchant  doing  business  on  Water  Street,  between  Main  and  Fulton  Streets,  built  the 
first  distiller}',  a  fifty  bushel  house.  In  1850  there  were  5,085  barrels  of  spirits  exported. 
In  1856  there  were  four  houses  in  operation,  viz:  A.  S.  Cole,  on  the  lower  extension  of 
Grovje  Street;  Richard  Gregg,  at  the  foot  of  Oak  Street ;  Gregg  &  Nowland,  lower  exten- 
sion of  Grove  Street ;  Moss,  Bradley,  &  Co.,  lower  extension  of  Grove  Street.  The  house 
of  Richard  Gregg  was  built  in  1856  by  Mr.  P.  S.  Howlett,  who  last  year  built  the  mam- 
moth house  of  Kidd,  Francis  &  Co.  In  1857  another  house  was  added,  that  of  T.  S. 
Dobbins,  foot  of  Cass  Street. 

In  1859  distilling  was  the  heaviest  manufacturing  interest  in  Peoria,  there  being 
about  two-thirds  of  a  million  of  dollars  invested  in  the  business.  There  was  six  distilleries 
in  operation,  besides  two  alcohol  works.  Moss,  Bradley  &  Co.,  were  among  the  heaviest 
distillers.  They  had  f  144,000  invested.  For  the  year  ending  April  30th,  1859,  their 
statement  of  business  shows  a  consumption  294,623  bushels  of  grains,  815,984  pounds  of 
middlings,  102,330  bushels  of  coal  :  and  a  product  of  71,561  barrels  of  highwines,  and 
2,000  barrels  of  flour.     Thirty-eight  men  were  employed. 

They  also  had  a  cooper  shop  connected  with  their  distillery,  which  emplojed  thirty- 
three  men  and  turned  out  21,490  barrels,  tierces  and  kegs.  They  used  up  •'113,353  worth 
of  stock  in  cooperage  alone.  The  alcohol  works  manufactured  alcohol,  pure  spirits,  cam- 
phene  and  burning  fluid.  One  of  these  made  7,500  barrels  of  alcohol,  and  the  other 
forty-eight  barrels  per  daj-.  In  1860  there  were  seven  houses  in  operation,  run  by  the 
following  firms:  Chas.  R.  Carroll,  Thomas  S.  Dobbins,  Gregg,  Lyon  &  Co.,  Lightuer, 
Schimpferman  &  Co.,  Moss,  Bradley  &  Co.,  Sweeney,  Littleton  &  Co.  and  Almiron  S.  Cole. 

Several  of  the  distilleries  have  been  burned  during  the  past  twenty  years,  and  some 
have  never  been  rebuilt.  Firms  who  did  rebuild  generally  erected  more  commodious 
houses  with  the  latest  improvements.  The  Zell  &  Francis  distillery  was  erected  in  1877, 
on  the  site  of  their  old  one  which  was  burned  Dec.  4th,  1876.  The  main  building  is  of 
brick,  140  feet  square  and  three  stories  high.  The  machinery  building  is  forty  by  one 
hundred  feet.  At  the  time  it  was  built  it  was  the  largest  distillery  in  the  district,  its 
capacity  being  3,000  bushels  per  day.  It  cost  $60,000.  Zell,  Schwabacher  &  Co.,  now 
operate  it.  They  have  just  built  a  new  purifying  house  34  x  44  feet  and  fifty -four  feet 
high,  at  a  cost  of  $5,000.  This  house  has  also  been  refitted  for  continuous  distillation, 
at  a  cost  of  about  $25,000. 

During  the  year  1878  the  manufacture  of  highwines  and  spirits  was  the  largest  in 
the  history  of  Peoria.  There  were  11,520,360  proof  gallons  made  from  3,001,308  Imshels 
of  grain.  The  Government  tax  was  $6,884,304.31,  which  added  to  the  cost  of  manufac- 
ture amounts  to  $8,439,612.91  as  the  value  of  sjiirits  produced.  The  Fifth  Internal 
Revenue  District  collected  and  paid  over  to  the  Government  the  tax  upon  the  above 
production,  $6,769,664.  The  Peoria  district  stands  at  the  head  of  the  list  in  the  United 
States  in  tlie  amount  of  highwines  manufactured. 

The  following  is  the  daily  capacity  in  bushels  of  the  several  distilleries  in  the  city,  as 
surveyed  by  the  Government  officer  : 

C.  S.  Clark  &  Co .    1,057.50 

Spurck    &  Francis _ 1,412.28 

G.   T.    Barker _. _ 2.010.95 

Zell,  .Schwabacher  &  Co -. 3,123.00 

Bush  &    Brown.. 776.10 

Barton  &   Babcock 460.12 

Woolner    Brothers ._. 1,443.90 

A.  &    S.   Woolner 1,925.07 

Kildufr&    Hogue 1,826.88 

Jacol)  Woolner  &  Co 500.70 

To  which  may  be  added  the   new  distillery  of  Kidd,    Francis   &  Co.,   which    went   into 
41 


554  HISTORY  OF  PEORIA  COUNTY. 

operation  the  10th  of  July  with  a  capacity  of  5,000  bushels.  This  makes  a  grand  total  of 
19,."j:j7.10  bushels  as  the  daily  capacity  of  the  Peoria  distilleries.  Or,  estimating  the 
avera;4e  crop  at  4n  Imshels  per  acre,  they  would  coasurae  the  product  of  434  acres  daily, 
and  13.^,84:i  acres  annually. 

The  Largest  Diitillery  in  the  WorlJ. — The  mammoth  distillery  of  Kidd,  Francis  A 
Co.,  erected  last  season  on  the  banks  of  tlie  river  below  the  I.,  B.  &  \V.  K.  R.  bridge,  is 
the  largest  in  the  world.  It  was  commenced  on  the  20th  of  March  and  went  into  opera- 
tion on  the  lOtii  of  Jidy.  The  main  building  is  131x209  feet.  A  portion  of  it  is  five 
stories  high.  The  malt  house  is  three  stories,  and  the  fermenting  room  two  stories  high. 
The  mash  and  yeast  rooms  are  four  stories  high,  and  the  mill  five  stories.  The  latter 
includes  a  grain  room,  20x40  feet  and  64  feet  high.  The  alcohol  room  occupies  an  L  of 
the  main  building  and  is  40x60  feet,  five  stories  high.  There  are  eighteen  fermenting 
tubs,  twenty  feet  in  diameter  at  the  bottom  and  sixty  feet  high,  with  a  capacity  of  834 
bushels  each.  The  mash  tub  is  thirty  feet  in  diameter  and  seven  feet  high.  The  beer 
still's  cajiacity  is  sixty  bushels  per  charge,  or  240  bushels  per  hour.  There  is  a  cistern 
room  61x88  feet,  containing  five  tubs,  sixteen  feet  in  diameter  and  fourteen  feet  high, 

The  bonded  warehouse  is  erected  just  below  the  main  building,  and  is  llOxJ-S  feet, 
three  stories  high.  An  office  has  been  built  on  the  upper  side  of  the  main  building,  22x36 
feet,  and  one  stor}'  in  height.  The  wagon  scale  is  on  one  side  of  the  office,  and  wagon 
jumj)  and  track  scale  on  the  other  next  to  the  distillery.  Graii^  is  dumped  into  a  sink 
which  runs  to  the  foot  of  the  elevator  and  is  tiien  carried  up  into  the  bin.  The  weighing 
or  scale  room  is  40x64  feet.  All  the  yeast  meal  is  weighed  in  this  room  before  entering 
the  mash  tub.  The  bins  are  overhead  and  the  meal  is  let  down  directly  into  the  hoppers. 
In  this  room  are  six  pairs  of  Howe  Scales.  Four  of  them  are  500  bushel  scales,  and  two 
pairs  are  100  bushels.  The  corn  is  ground  and  conveyed  immediately  into  the  scales. 
This  has  never  been  done  before,  but  it  saves  an  extra  handling  of  the  meal.  The  engine 
room  is  37x100  feet,  and  contains  two  large  and  powerful  engines.  The  i)umping  arrange- 
ment consists  of  five  Dean  pumps.  Two  are  water  pumps  of  a  capacity  of  800  gallons 
per  minute.  One  a  beer  pump  \vith  a  capacity  of  410  gallons  per  minute,  and  the  other 
two  are  high-wines  and  low-wines  pumps.  There  are  eight  double-flue  boilers  twenty- 
eight  feet  in  length  and  forty-four  inches  in  diameter,  and  three  boilers  six  feet  in  diam- 
eter, sixteen  feet  length,  with  sixty-four  four-inch  flues.  There  are  two  wells,  seven  feet 
in  diameter  and  thirty  feet  deep,  to  furnish  a  sui)ply  of  water.  The  smoke  stack  is 
eighteen  feet  square  at  the  base,  with  twenty  feet  of  stone  masonry  below  the  surface. 
The  brick  stack  towers  130  feet  above  this.  It  has  a  flue  seven  feet  in  diameter.  The 
capacity  of  the  malt-house  is  400  bushels  per  day  and  the  distillery  is  ."),000  bushels  per 
day.  Fift^'-eight  acres  of  ground  were  purchased  for  the  distillery,  but  twenty  acres 
were  sold  to  the  Sugar  Refinery  C(>n]j)any.  (^n  the  bottom  land,  between  the  distillery 
and  the  river,  staltles  arc  built  for  feeding  3.500  cattle. 

The  distillery  buildings  arc  all  built  of  brick,  and  2,700,000  have  been  used  in  its 
constrnction.  The  entire  Ituildings  cover  an  area  of  about  five  acres.  The  daily  product 
is  equal  to  275  l)arrels  of  high-wines,  consuming  about  eighty  acres  of  good  corn,  and 
forty  acres  of  small  grain,  and  1,600  bushels  of  coal  per  day.  They  employ  ninety  men 
on  the  premises,  and  about  12-">  to  prejiare  their  cooperage.  The  slops  are  sufficient  to 
feed  over  5,000  head  of  cattle.  Tliis  one  distillery  pays  the  government  !iil,800  jier  day 
revenue. 

Peoria  Starrh  Manufartory. — This  institution,  which  is  quite  an  important  feature  of 
the  manufacturing  interests  of  the  city,  went  into  active  operation  in  the  Kail  of  1865, 
with  (Jeorge  F.  Harding  as  president,  and  Mi-.  K.  S.  Wilcox  superintemlenl  and  general 
manager.  The  buildings  were  located  neai  llii'  river,  aliont  two  miles  soutii  of  the  Court- 
house. The  factor}- starti'd  with  a  t'apacily  of  150  bushels  of  corn  j'er  day.  January  1, 
1878,  Mr.  Wilcox  retired  from  the  management,  and   Mr.  C  A.  Harding  succeeded  him. 


HISTORY  OP  PEORIA  COUNTY.  655 

He  increased  the  capacity  to  600  bushels  of  corn  per  day,  and  at  the  time  of  the  burning 
of  the  factory,  November  14,  1879,  it  was  turning  out  16,000  pounds  of  starch  daily. 
Although  losing  very  heavily  by  the  fire,  a  new  building,  on  a  much  larger  scale,  is 
arising  out  of  tlie  ashes  of  the  old  one,  and  is  far  advanced  in  course  of  construction. 
When  completed  it  will  be  a  fine  brick  structure  covering  an  area  of  more  than  30.000 
square  feet  of  ground,  and  will  have  a  capacity  of  1,500  bushels  of  corn  per  day. 
Machinery  will  also  be  put  in  for  making  the  boxes  used  for  packing  their  goods.  The 
factory,  when  ready  for  operation,  will  give  employment  to  100  hands.  The  Peoria  starch 
is  well  known  throughout  the  United  States  and  parts  of  Europe,  and  compares  favorably 
with  the  best  starches  made  in  the  world. 

Agricultural  Implements. — The  Peoria  Plow  Works  are  on  the  corner  of  Water  and 
Walnut  Streets,  and  here  are  manufactured  plows,  harrows,  hay  rakes,  cultivators,  etc. 
This  business  was  established  b}-  Toby  &  Anderson,  in  1843,  and  has  been  carried  on 
under  the  name  of  the  Peoria  Plow  Company  for  the  last  five  years.  The  present  officers 
are,  president,  Moses  Pettengill ;  secretary,  E.  B.  Pierce  ;  superintendent,  Barnhart 
Meals.  Mr.  Meals  has  been  connected  with  the  works  for  twenty-six  years,  and  Mi-. 
Pierce  seventeen  years.  The  plant  is  worth  about  $100,000,  and  the  controlling  interest 
in  the  company  is  held  in  Peoria.  The  business  is  a  very  extensive  one,  and  extends 
from  Ohio  >vestward  to  the  Pacific.  Outside  of  Illinois,  the  States  of  ilissouri,  Kansas, 
and  Nebraska  take  the  largest  quantity  of  its  goods.  Five  traveling  men  are  constantly 
on  the  road,  and  stocks  of  implements  are  kept  at  St.  Louis,  and  Topeka,  Kansas,  One 
hundred  hands  are  steadily  employed,  and  the  average  turn  out  oi  pi  avs  is  10,000  per 
annum.  The  sum  paid  out  yearly  for  labor,  avei'ages  $35,000,  and  from  600  to  800  tons 
of  iron  and  steel,  and  1,000,000  feet  of  lumber  are  annually  used  in  the  manufacture  of 
its  productions. 

The  Union  Corn-Planter  Works,  at  802  S.  Washington  Street,  are  owned  by  the  firm 
of  James  Selby  &  Co.,  were  established  in  1872,  and  have  been  conducted  under  tiie 
present  firm  name  since  1873.  The  capital  invested  is  about  $100,000,  and  the  annual 
turn  out  of  planters  about  4,000.  Emplo}'  in  workshop  aljout  seventy  hands,  and  kee[) 
four  men  on  the  road.  Tiieir  principal  business  is  done  in  the  States  of  Illinois,  Ohio, 
Iowa,  Indiana,  Kansas,  and  Nebraska. 

Hearst,  Dunn  &  Co.,  718  S.  Washington  Street,  manufacture  the  Star  Corn-Planter, 
and  have  been  in  business  since  1864.  About  forty  hands  are  employed  in  the  factory, 
and  3,000  planters  are  annually  turned  out.  Their  trade  is  principally  with  the  Western 
States,  and  four  traveling  agents  are  employed. 

R.  C.  Buckley,  515  S.  Washington  Street  has  been  in  the  business  since  1863,  and 
manufactures  ^jrincipallj^  for  customers  in  the  county.  Makes  sulk^'-plows,  cultivators, 
harrows,  etc.,  and  does  an  annual  business  of  $5,000. 

Baking  Powder. — Probably  the  largest  manufacturers  of  this  article  in  Peoria  are 
Sloan,  Johnson  &  Co.,  60  and  62  S.  Water  Street,  and  C.  J.  Off  &  Co.,  16  and  18  Liberty 
Street,  and  among  the  other  makers  are  the  firms  of  C.  A.  Bowman  &  Co.,  Ciiarles  Fisher 
&  Co.,  and  Smith  &  Strong. 

Boiler  Makers. — McAleenan  &  Cody,  on  S.  Water  Street,  near  Ciiestnut,  have  for 
three  years  conducted  a  business  that  was  established  some  six  or  seven  j-ears  ago.  They 
are  very  busy  and  have  during  last  year  done  about  $50,000  worth  of  work  —  construct- 
ing forty-five  new  boilers  —  among  them  the  large  boilers  for  the  Monarch  Mills  and 
Peoria  Sugar  Refinery. 

J.  E.  Eastman  &  Co.,  corner  S.  Water  and  Oak  Streets,  have  been  in  existence  as  a 
firm  only  three  or  four  months,  but  tiie  business  they  carry  on  is  the  oldest  one  in  their 
line  in  Peoria,  it  having  been  eslablislied  about  fifteen  years  ago.  They  have  on  their 
books  nearly  $8,000  worth  of  work  contracted  for  and  partly  in  process  of  construction. 


556  HISTORY  OF  PEORIA  COUNTY. 

among  this  l)eiiig  three  new  boilers  for  the  Peoria  Grape  Sugar  Company's  works.  These 
are  each  five  feet  in  diameter  by  sixteen  feet  in  length. 

Brags  Founderii  und  Coppersmiths.  —  Kinsey  &  Mahler,  400  S.  Ailams  Street,  stand 
at  the  head  of  this  line  of  business  in  the  city.  The  business  was  established  in  1850, 
and  has  been  conducted  for  18  years  under  the  present  firm  name.  They  manufacture 
all  kinds  of  l)rass  and  copper  goods,  distillery  and  brewery  sup|)lies.  such  as  stills,  worms, 
etc.  Worked  up  last  year  about  25  tons  brass  and  about  1-  tons  copper,  and  keep  an 
average  of  2U  hands  employed.  Did  a  local  business  last  year  of  about  $120,000.  In 
addition  to  what  is  manufactured,  the  firm  keep  a  full  line  of  gas  fixtures  and 
plumber's  material,  and  also  handle  extensively  iron  pipe  for  steam  heating  purposes. 

Simpson  &  McGliun,  228  S.  Adams  Street,  has  been  in  business  10  years,  and  man- 
ufacture all  kinds  of  brass  and  copper  work,  for  distillery  and  other  purposes.  Employ 
about  10  workmen  the  year  through,  and  did  a  business  of  about  $20,000  during  the  past 
year.     Their  stock,  etc.,  is  worth  about  $5,000. 

Breweries.  —  Hy  far  the  largest  brewery  in  the  city  is  the  Eagle  brewery  of  Gipps«t 
Co.  on  South  Water  Street,  between  tlie  bridges.  It  was  started  in  1867  as  an  ale  brew- 
eiy,  but  since  1869  has  manufactured  only  lager  beer.  At  the  latter  date  it  was  con- 
ducted by  the  firm  of  Gipps,  Howe  &  Co.,  and  between  then  and  1872,  when  the  present 
firm  name  was  adopted,  many  changes  took  place  in  the  firm  which  controlled  it.  About 
oO  hands  are  emphjyed,  and  during  last  year  465,000  gallons  of  beer  was  manufactured, 
three-fourths  ot  which  was  consumed  in  tlie  city.  This  is  a  greater  quantity  than  is 
brewed  in  all  the  other  breweries  in  the  county  and  all  foreign  beer  brought  into  the  city 
combined.  The  firm  iiave  paid  out  for  cooperage  in  the  i)ast  10  years  the  large  sum  of 
$40,000.  During  the  last  year  they  have  used  45,000  bushels  of  barley  malt  and  about 
the  same  nunilier  of  pounds  of  hops.  Use  3,000  tons  of  ice  annually  and  from  three  to  four 
tons  of  coal  per  day.  They  have  about  $115,000  invested  in  their  business,  $50,000  of 
which  is  in  kegs  and  puncheons.  Tlie  last  year's  repair  bill  for  wagons,  etc.,  amounted 
to  $:i,500. 

The  City  brewery  of  Jacob  Miiller  is  near  the  corner  of  N.  Water  and  Erwin  Streets, 
and  was  started  about  25  years  ago,  and  has  been  under  the  control  of  its  present  owner 
about  two  years.  An  average  of  10  hands  are  employed,  and  140,000  gallons  of  beer 
brewed  annually,  all  of  which  is  sold  in  the  county. 

The  Union  brewery  at  1381  S.  Washington  Street  is  owned  by  August  Weber,  and 
has  been  conducted  by  him  for  about  nine  years.  He  brews  an  average  of  160,000  gal- 
lons of  beer  per  year,  and  emi)loys  about  12  hands. 

Conrad  liitz,  1,707  South  Water  Street,  and  .lo.seph  Meyer,  123  Douglas  Street,  have 
also  small  lager  beer  lireweries,  and  sell  all  they  brew  in  the  city. 

Button  Miinit/drtori/.  —  Hurd  &  Co.,  on  S.  Adams  Street,  near  Elm  Street,  manu- 
facture all  kinds  of  ivory  buttons.  They  have  been  in  business  since  1874,  average  35 
hands  employed  the  year  round,  and  turn  out  150  gross  of  buttons  per  day.  The  but- 
tons are  made  from  a  substance  called  vegetable  ivory,  which  is  the  fruit  of  a  palm  in- 
digenous to  .Soutli  America,  and  is  received  at  the  factory  in  its  natural  state,  there  to 
undergo  the  various  processes  of  husking,  drying,  cutting,  etc.,  necessary  to  the  proiluc- 
tion  of  a  finished  button.  The  firm  have  all  the  work  tiiey  can  do,  and  the  orders  ahead 
are  accumulating  fast. 

Caudle  and  Lard  Oil  Manufacturer. —  John  F.  Faber  &  Co.,  Commercial  Alley,  be- 
tween Fulton  and  l.,iberty  Streets,  have  been  in  businei^s  aboui  fourteen  years.  Manu- 
facture altout  500  boxes  candles  per  annum,  rciulcr  a  great  deal  of  tallow,  and  cured 
aixnil  iHJO  hides  in  the  jiiust  year.  Has  accommodations  for  making  500  i)oxes  candles 
per  month,  and  one  barrel  of  lard  oil  per  day.  All  his  goods  are  made  for  the  local  trade, 
iiusiness  last  year  amounted  to  about  $25,000. 

F.  C.  Koenig  &  Co.,  107  ('lay  Street,  have  been  established  about  twenty-five  years. 


HISTORY   OF   PEORIA   COUNTY.  557 

and  make  al)out  (lOO  lioxcs  ("aiidlcs  a  year,  all  of  wliicli  are  sold  in  the  city.  Render 
aliout  fifty  barrels  of  tallow,  and  cure  ;!00  hides  per  nionlh.  Did  a  liusiness  last  year  of 
about  .$35,000. 

Carriages,  Buggies  and  Wagons. —  Geo.  Pfeiffer,  Jr.,  632  to  538  S.  Adams  Street, 
has  been  in  business  since  18(i8,  and  manufactures  more  wagons  and  buggies  than  any 
other  maker  in  the  city.  He  employs  about  thirty-five  liands,  and  conducts  in  addition 
a  large  livery  business.  Turned  out  last  year  al)Out  !|52,000  worth  of  work,  and  has 
invested  in  plant  and  stock  about  •f.")0,000.  He  manufactures  exclusively  for  the  home 
trade. 

D.  L.  Bigham  &  Co.,  115  to  119  N.  Washington  Street,  have  carried  on  for  the  last 
seven  or  eight  years  a  business  established  over  thirty  years  ago,  at  the  same  location. 
Employ  al)Out  twenty-five  workmen,  and  have  one  traveling  salesman  during  the  season. 
Their  i)usiness  last  year  amounted  to  about  !j!40,000,  and  tlieir  stock  will  run  al)Out  $18- 
000. 

Christian  Gentes,  115  to  117  Fulton  Street,  har.  during  the  past  year  conducted  a 
business  which  was  establislied  in  1865.  Employs  about  seven  hands,  and  does  an  almost 
exclusively  local  trade. 

There  are  several  other  firms  in  the  city  in  this  line  of  business,  manufacturing 
principally  for  the  local  trade.  Among  them  are  the  following  :  G.  W.  Smith's  Sons, 
305  Fulton  Street;  Johnson  &  Dalton,"l210  S.  Adams  Street;  Wm.  Hupe,  211  Bridge 
Street,  and  John  Schroder,  203  Biidge  Street. 

Coopers. —  William  Hughes,  600  N.  Jefferson,  has  been  engaged  in  business  as 
cooper,  at  the  same  location  for  thirty-five  years,  and  manufactures  every  kind  of  barrel 
that  can  be  made  out  of  elm  and  oak.  Has  a  general  average  of  thirty  hands  at  work 
through  the  year,  and  thinks  about  500,000  staves  would  be  a  fair  average  of  his  yearly 
business. 

Hutchinson  &  Madigan,  101  Henry  Street,  have  been  in  business  about  seven  years, 
and  manufacture  all  kinds  of  barrels.  They  employ  about  forty-five  men,  and  do  an 
average  yearly  business  of  about  300,000  staves.  All  the  barrels  they  make  are  sold  in 
the  city. 

Dudley  &  Mosher,  South  Water  Street,  near  Lisk,  have  been  established  in  business 
anout  three  years,  and  manufacture  principally  for  local  distillers.  Carry  a  stock  worth 
about  $3,000,  give  employment  to  about  twenty-five  hands,  and  estimate  their  average 
annual  business  at  about  365,000  staves. 

Coopers  Union  No.  2. —  This  shop  is  located  near  the  foot  of  Water  Street,  and  gives 
employment  to  an  average  of  eighteen  hands.  It  has  been  in  existence  about  eight  years, 
manufactures  principally  iron  bound  barrels,  and  does  an  average  yearly  business  of 
about  250,000  staves. 

John  Zimmerman,  whose  shop  is  on  S.  Water  Street,  near  Woolner's  Distillery,  has 
been  in  business  for  five  or  six  years,  employs  about  fifteen  hands,  and  does  a  yearly 
business  of  about  800,000  staves. 

Nixon  &  Co.,  employ  an  average  of  twenty-two  hands,  and  use  about  350,000  staves 
a  year. 

J.  M.  N.  Joyce  on  N.  Washington  Street,  near  Fayette,  employs  about  ten  hands, 
and  does  a  good  business. 

In  addili(Ui  to  those  mentioned  there  are  cpiitc  a  large  number  of  smaller  shops  scat- 
tered through  the  city,  doing  a  local  business  and  affording  employment  to  anywhere 
from  three  to  ten  men  each. 

Crackers  and  Confectionery. —  Kellogg  &  Davis,  corner  Sixth  and  Franklin  Streets, 
have  been  in  business  since  1867,  but  the  manufacture  of  their  goods  was  commenced  at 
that  location  some  fifteen  years  previous.  The  factory  is  three  stories  high  and  built  of 
brick  ;  has  all  the  latest  improved  machinery  for  kneading,  baking,  etc.,  with  a  capacity 


558  HISTORY   OF   PEORIA   COUNTY. 

*t 

of  thirty  harrels  of  flour  per  day.  At  [)resent  they  arc  usin;»  fifteen  l)arrel.-*  of  flour  per 
day  (makiiiy;  sixty  harrels  of  crackers)  and  l.^iOO  pounds  of  su','ar.  Tlieir  <:oods  are 
priiuipally  sold  in  Illinois  and  Iowa.  An  avcraj^e  of  thirty  hands  are  employed  and  three 
traveliiii^  men  are  constantly  on  the  road.  The  stock  runs  about  $15,000,  and  the  busi- 
ness last  year  amounted  to  about  *150.000. 

Harsch  Brothers,  310  and  312  S.  Washinj^ton  Street,  have  been  established  ten  years, 
and  conduct  a  large  business.  They  manufacture  all  kinds  of  crackers  and  confec- 
tioneries, using  about  a  ton  of  sugar  daily,  and  making  about  3(i0  barrels  of  crackers  a 
week.  All  of  their  goods  are  sold  in  Illinois.  Their  business  last  year  amounted  to 
about  *1?>0,000,  and  they  carry  a  stock  of  about  $20,000.  In  their  factory  and  store 
twenty-nine  hands  are  emplojed,  and  two  traveling  men  are  always  on  the  road. 

Founders  a/id  Machinists. —  Nicol,  Burr  &  Co.,  corner  South  Water  and  W.alnut 
Streets,  have  for  the  past  fifteen  years  conducted  the  business  established  about  the  year 
1855  by  William  Peters.  They  at  present  do  much  the  largest  business  in  this  line  in 
the  city,  and  have  about  forty-five  hands  in  steady  employ.  During  the  past  year  they 
constructed  the  two  engines  and  other  machinery  of  the  Alonaich  Mills,  and  much  of  the 
machinery  for  the  Peoria  Sugar  Refinery.  Last  year's  business  amounted  to  about 
*75,000. 

O'Rorke  &  Co.,  corner  Maple  and  Washington  Streets,  are  proprietors  of  the  Wash- 
ington Foundry,  which  was  started  in  18G8  on  the  co(>perative  and  joint  stock  plan. 
Mr.  O'Roike  has  bought  out  the  other  interest,  and  now  conducts  the  business  himself. 
An  average  of  ten  hands  are  employed,  and  about  three  hundred  tons  of  castings  are  an- 
nually made.  They  claim  to  make  the  best  castings  in  the  West.  Value  of  building, 
etc.,  about  $10,000. 

Mosher  &  Armstrong,  830  South  Washington  Street,  carry  on  business  as  machinists, 
and  do  considerable  repair  work.  They  have  been  in  business  about  five  vears,  employ 
nine  hands,  and  did  a  iiusiness  last  year  of  about  810,000. 

Adam  Lucas,  211  Fulton  Street,  has  been  estai)lished  in  business  for  twenty-three 
years.  He  for  many  years  manufactured  safes,  but  at  present  makes  supports  for  build- 
ings and  iron  railing.  Employs  seven  hands,  land  did  ast  year  a  businc.-s  of  about 
$8,000. 

Furniture  Monufarturi'rs. —  The  only  furnilure  manufacturers  in  the  county  are 
Comstock  &  Avery,  whose  warehouse  is  at  114  to  120  Main  Street.  The  business  was 
established  in  18ti2,  and  has  been  conducted  under  the  present  firm  name  since  1868. 
They  manufacture  all  kinds  of  furniture,  but  make  a  specialty  of  jiarlor  furniture,  and 
also  manufacture  Shaw's  Patent  Reclining  Chair.  With  the  exception  of  the  Reclining 
C!>air,  the  business  is  an  entirely  local  one.  The  warerooms  are  three  stories  in  height, 
and  are  filled  with  furniture,  worth  the  plant  upwards  of  ¥50,000.  The  parlor  furniture 
is  manufactured  in  workshops  in  rear  of  the  warehouse,  and  the  other  articles  of  furniture 
at  various  shops  in  the  city.  Twenty-five  workmen  are  steailily  employed.  The  busi- 
ness of  the  firm  last  year  amounted  to  about  8125,000. 

Milling. —  Cox,  Bruner  &  Co.,  are  the  owners  of  (he  Vienna  Mills  at  If'iO  North 
Fayette  Street.  Tiiis  mill  was  established  about  twenty  years  aijo,  and  the  present 
building  was  erected  about  18f)7,  to  replace  the  old  one  which  had  a  short  time  previously 
been  burned.  The  mill  is  a  fine  one,  three  stcuies  high  with  basement,  and  built  of  biick. 
Under  the  old  process  of  milling,  its  full  capacity  was  about  300  barrels  flour  per  day, 
but  in  May  last,  when  the  present  owners  came  into  possession,  maehinery  for  grinding 
by  the  new  process  was  put  in,  and  its  presitnt  ea])acity  is  now  about  200  barrels  per  day. 
It  is  also  su]iplied  with  all  the  latest  improvements  in  the  way  of  reeling,  bolting,  and 
jiurifying.  They  employ  about  lifteen  hands  and  two  traveling  men.  The  flour  is  almost 
all  ground  to  supply  custom  trade  in  this  State,  but  a  little  of  it  is  shipped   to  Indiana. 


HISTORY   OF   PEOKIA   COUNTY.  559 

Tlie  mill  is  at  present  usincj  from  800  to  1,000  l)iisliels  of  grain  a  day,  which  is  ordinarily 
supplied  by  the  home  market. 

The  Globe  Mills,  on  Globe  Street  near  Main,  are  owned  by  J.  W.  Gift,  formerly  of 
Eureka,  Illinois,  are  fitted  up  with  all  the  newest  and  most  approved  machinery  for  mill- 
ing by  the  neiv  process,  and  have  a  capacity  of  about  125  barrels  per  day. 

Manufacturing  Pharmacists.  —  Allaire,  Woodwcird  &  Co.,  100  to  106  Hamilton 
Street,  have  l)een  engaged  in  this  business  since  1873.  They  manufacture  fluid  and  solid 
medical  extracts,  sugar  coated  pills,  and  grind,  powder,  and  press  all  kinds  of  staple 
Hotanic  drugs.  Make  no  patent  medicines.  They  ship  their  goods  to  Europe,  Australia, 
and  to  every  State  and  Territory  in  the  Union.  About  400,000  pounds  of  roots  and 
herbs  were  manipulated  by  them  during  hist  year,  and  their  sales  aggregated  i70,000. 
The  domestic  roots,  etc.,  come  from  the  Southern  States,  and  a  great  part  of  them  from 
North  Carolina.  Their  business  has  increased  43  per  cent,  in  the  past  year,  and  their 
present  factory  is  becoming  too  small  to  keep  pace  with  it.  About  forty  hands  are  kept 
steadily  employed,  and  a  change  to  more  commodious  quarters  will  soon  be  made. 

Paper  Boxes. —  Benjamin  Foster,  111  Main  Street,  has  been  engaged  in  the  manu- 
facture of  paper  boxes  for  about  eight  years.  He  makes  all  kinds  of  boxes  for  holding 
candy,  starch,  buttons,  etc.,  etc.,  and  uses  about  thirty-five  tons  of  paper  annually.  Did 
a  business  last  year  of  about  $7,500,  and  employs  an  average  of  ten  hands. 

Peoria  Plating  Works. —  These  are  the  oidy  plating  works  in  the  city,  and  were 
established  in  the  latter  part  of  187"^.  They  are  located  at  402  South  Adams  Street,  and 
are  under  the  management  of  J.  S.  Dunlap.  The  enterprise  is  a  local  one,  and  bids  fair 
soon  to  become  one  of  considerable  importance.  All  kinds  of  silver  plated  goods  are 
manufactured,  and  they  also  do  electrotyping  in  gold,  nickel,  bronze,  etc.  The  works 
have  a  capacity  of  25  ounces  per  hour,  and  a  dynamo  electric  machine  is  used  in  the 
depositing  room.  Two  floors  are  occupied  and  nine  workmen  are  presently  employed. 
The  business  last  year  amounted  to  about  $5,000  and  is  increasing  rapidly,  has  in  fact 
doubled  every  six  months  since  the  start.  A  stock  of  about  i3,000  is  carried,  and  three 
traveling  agents  employed  constantly.  Considerable  replatingns  done,  and  any  pattern 
in  flat  or  hollow  ware  can  be  duplicated.  At  present  rate  of  business  the  works  are 
turning  out  fifty  full  tea  sets  a  year,  besides  hundreds  of  knives,  forks,  spoons,  and  other 
small  articles.  Their  trade  is  almost  all  in  Illinois,  with  occasional  and  increasing  orders 
from  adjoining  States. 

Peoria  Pottery  Company. —  This  industry  was  started  in  Peoi-ia  in  1860  by  the 
American  Pottery  Compan}',  who  principally  manufactured  white  ware.  The  present 
company  consists  of  Get)rge  Wolfe,  Austin  F.  Johnson,  and  Mrs.  Ly<lia  Bradley,  and  has 
been  in  existence  eight  or  ten  years.  It  makes  a  specialty  of  fine  glazed  stone  ware, 
such  as  milk  pans,  jugs,  jars,  etc.,  which  are  moulded  in  plaster  of  j^ai'is  moulds,  thus 
securing  great  regularity  of  size,  shape,  and  thickness;  also  manufacture  vast  quantities 
of  flower  pots,  both  plain  and  fancy  in  shape.  Main'  of  the  fancy  pots  are  from  original 
designs,  and  others  from  the  best  imported  designs.  The  finer  class  of  goods  manufac- 
tui"ed  are  decorated  by  skilled  and  highly  paid  workmen.  Experiments  have  recently 
been  made  in  the  manufacture  of  majolica  with  excellent  results,  and  the  comj)any  hope 
soon  to  make  its  manufacture  a  prominent  item  of  their  business.  Four  large  kilns  are 
in  use  lOr  baking  the  pottery,  round  in  shape,  and  with  a  diameter  of  sixteen  feet  inside. 
The  foundations  for  another  kiln  have  been  laid,  and  it  will  be  built  and  made  ready  for 
use  in  the  coming  Spring.  An  idea  of  the  extent  of  the  works  may  be  gathered  from  the 
fact  that  it  has  a  capacity  for  turning  out  30,000  gallons  of  milk  pans,  jugs,  etc.,  or  300,- 
000  flower  pots  per  week.  An  average  of  fifty  hands  are  emplo3'ed  the  year  round. 
Fifteen  tons  of  coal  are  used  per  da}'.  The  clay  used  comes  by  rail  from  Scottsburg,  in 
McDonough  county,  in  this  State,  and  is  of  superior  qualit}'.  Of  this  9,000,000  pounds 
per  annum  are  used.     This  clay  is  also  capable  of  making  a  very  fine  fire  brick,  and 


560  HISTORY   OF  PEORIA   fOlNTY. 

thousamls  are  annually  made  at  the  pntterv.  both  in  tlie  sliape  of  tlie  plain  fire  brick,  and 
as  Ijoiler  tile  and  cupola  iiiick.  Tlic  works  cover  five  acres  of  j^round,  and  use  every 
foot  of  it,  and  the  main  huilding  is  280x190  feet.  Upwards  of  iiii.OOO  is  annually  paid 
out  for  labor,  and  the  works  have  been  in  steady  operation  during  the  last  five  years, 
never  missiuf;  over  a  day  at  a  time,  and  then  only  throui^ii  sonu»  inis;;dvoi,ture.  Two 
traveling:  men  are  lonstantly  ori  the  road,  and  the  jjoods  are  sold  in  every  .Slate  anil 
Territory  in  the  Unitm,  outside  of  the  New  Enj^land  States.  The  ojiposition  this  company 
has  to  contend  with  is  from  small  competitors,  and  in  the  matter  of  price  only,  us  the 
(jualily  of  goods  here  manufactured,  can  not  be  surpa.ssed  anywhere.  This  is  the  largest 
pottery  for  the  manufacture  of  fine  "glazed  stone  ware  in   America. 

Pump  Jl'Diu/artiirers. — This  industry  is  represented  l>y  .1.  W.  Frazee  &  Co..  whose 
office  and  factory  is  on  the  corner  of  S.  Water  and  Ciic.-tnut  Streets.  They  have  been 
in  l)usiness  aliout  sixteen  years,  manufacture  wood,  chain,  and  rubber  bottom  pumps, and 
turned  out  last  year  about  10,000  pumps  of  various  kinds,  using  in  their  manufacture 
nearly  T;"0.000  feet  of  lumber.  They  also  manufacture  extensively  all  kinds  of  wood 
tubing,  and  have  the  capacity  for  making  100  jjumps  in  ten  hours  with  ease.  An  aver- 
age of  twelve  hands  are  employed,  and  ■'530,000  is  invested  in  the  business.  This  is  the 
only  pump  manufactory  at   j)reseut  in  operation  in  the  city. 

Printers,  Binders,  and  Blank  Booh  Makers. — J.  W.  Franks  it  Sons,  "JIO  and  ill "2  Main 
Street,  have  been  in  business  since  1874,  do  a  large  and  increasing  trade,  and  have  the 
best  facilities  for  doing  all  kinds  of  book  and  job  jirinling  of  any  firm  in  that  business  in 
State,  outside  of  Chicago.  They  have,  besides  job  woik.  jninted  and  bound  40,000  vol- 
umes during  the  past  year,  among  them  the  histories  of  Tazewell  and  Fulton  counties. 
They  do  a  great  deal  of  edition  work,  and  have  now  on  hand  >ix  different  iiooks  in  pro- 
cess of  publication.  Their  establishment  occupies  five  lloors,  and  gives  employment  Ut 
thirty-five  hands.  Over  50,000  pounds  of  book  i>aper,  and  $1,.")00  worth  of  gold  leaf, 
were  used  last  year. 

N.  C.  Nason,  40iS.  Adams  Street,  has  been  established  in  the  jtrinting  business  in 
this  city  for  twenty-si«  years,  and  is  the  fountler  of  the  /hilli/  TnivsiTipt.  Dues  a 
large  .job  business,  necessitating  the  use  of  steam  power  to  run  his  presses. 

n.  S.  Hill,  corner  of  Washington  and  Fulton  Streets,  has  been  in  the  business  for 
twenty-five  years,  employs  an  average  of  sixteen  hands,  and  litis  facilities  for  doing  all 
kinds  of  printinir,  except  the  coarser  kinds  of  poster  work.  His  estaiilishment  occupies 
two  Moors  ;  his  paper  bill  runs  about-f;")00  per  month,  and  his  business  last  yearaniounted 
to  about  ♦•J">,<JOO.  The  daily  Peoria  Comineri-lal  Jiiport,  for  the  Hoard  of  Trade,  is 
printed   by  him. 

There  are  akso  many  other  printing  olliccs  in  the  city,  exclusive  of  newspaper  offices, 
among  them  the  following:  Wm.  Cox  &  Co.,  H.  Creamer  &  Co.,  W.  H.  Delephiine, 
KIderkin  »l-  Co.,  Lauren  it  Wiltz,  Ki>use  Sc  Hardin,  Singer  Hros.  and  Wolf,  Bros,  it 
Wolfram. 

Sash,  Doors,  /Hinds,  Etc. —  Wm.  Truesdale  &  .Sons,  corner  of  N.  Water  and  Fay- 
ette Streets,  have  been  established  since  .lanuary,  18."»'J,  and  do  a  very  extensive  business. 
'I'liey  employ  an  average  of  forty  hands,  and  diil  a  business  last  year  of  about  $100,000. 
Their  workshop  is  lf)Hx80  feet  in  size,  with  a  height  of  three  stories  on  river  side.  The 
warehouse,  containing  the  office,  manufactureil  goods,  and  rooms  for  glazing,  etc.,  is 
IdOxtJil  feet,  and  two  stfuies  high.  They  do  a  great  deal  of  jobbing  trade,  and  used  last 
year  aiiout  l.OOO.OOO  feet  of  luinl)er.  No  traveling  men  are  kept,  as  all  the  goods  they 
can  mannfaclure  can  ix-  sold  without  them. 

John  Herschi)erger,  704  .S.  Wasiiington  Street,  has  been  I'Stablished  in  business  for 
fifteen  years,  employs  about  thirty  hands,  and  did  a  business  last  year  of  iJi.'J0,000 

H.  A.  Hush,  710  S.  Washington  Street,  has  also  been  some  time   in  the  trade,  and  is 
doing  an  increasing  business. 


HISTORY   OP   PEORIA  COUNTT.  561 

Sheet  Steel  Worh-rg. 1.  J.  Steiijer,  21o  to  217  Iliinison  Street,  lias  lieen  enjraged  in 

the  iniuiiifaotnrc  ot"  saws,  sickles,  siei<le  sections,  moiildiiifx  l)its,  etc.,  since  185.'),  and  has 
about  !jl'").000  invested  in  liis  business.  He  employs  on  an  average  ten  hands,  and  ins 
snoods  are  sold  all  over  this  western  countrv.  His  yearly  business  amounts  to  about 
$8,000. 

Show  Case  Manufacturer.  —  The  only  dealer  in  this  class  of  goods  in  Peoria  is  John 
R.  Zeigler,  215  Hamilton  Street,  who  commenced  their  manufacture  in  1864.  He  also 
deals  extensively  in  j)late  ^lass,  and  keeps  a  large  stock  of  botli  crystal  and  French  plate 
glass.  Employs  four  hands  in  shop,  ancl  during  the  last  vear  did  a  business  of  aiiout 
f4-4,000. 

Stove  Foundry. — The  Challenge  Stove  Works,  owned  and  operated  by  Cutter  & 
Procter,  are  on  corner  of  N.  Water  and  Fayette  Streets.  All  kinds  of  cooking  and  heat- 
ing stoves  are  here  manufactured,  giving  employment  to  about  one  hundred  hands.  The 
works  have  been  establislied  for  about  fifteen  years.  Three  tiaveling  men  are  kept  con- 
stantly on  the  road  pushing  the  sale  of  the  goods,  the  bulk  of  which  is  sold  in  the  States 
of  Illinois,  .Missouri  and  Iowa.  The  works  are  extensive  and  have  great  facilities  for 
meeting  any  sudden  call  upon  them.  The  moulding  room  is  206x70  feet  in  size,  the 
warehouse  200x44  and  four  stories  high,  besides  another  building  100x48  and  three 
stories  high.  Iron  to  the  amount  of  1,200  tons  is  used,  and  10,000  stoves  manufactured 
in  course  of  a  year. 

Trunks.  —  David  Rowan,  132  N.  Adams  Street,  conducts  a  business  that  was  estal)- 
lished  some  eight  j'ears  ago,  and  became  sole  proprietor  aliout  seven  months  ago.  Era- 
ploys  an  average  of  eighthands,  manufactures  about  2,000  trunks  and  1,500  satchels  an- 
nuallv,  carries  a  stock  of  about  $5,000,  and  does  an  average  vearly  business  of  about 
$14,000. 

Twine  and  Cordar/e  3I(xnufacturer.  —  Wi\V\am  Bergner,  1612  S.  Adams  Street,  has 
manufactured  twine  and  cordage  at  this  location  for  four  years,  and  has  great  facilities 
for  production.  He  makes  allkinds  of  tarred  work,  and  Ids  walk  is  280  feet  in  length. 
His  goods  are  almost  all  sold  to  the  jobbing  trade  in  the  city.  Uses  about  twelve  tons  of 
hemp  and  does  a  business  of  about  $:^),000  per  year. 

File  and  Rasp  Cutter.  —  Louis  Steier,  610  S.  Washington  Street,  has  been  estab- 
lished in  the  city  for  over  ten  years,  and  is  the  only  file  cutter  in  the*  county.  Manufac- 
tures all  kinds  of  files  and  rasps,  and  disposes  of  them  almost  exclusively  in  Illinois  and 
Indiana.     He  does  a  business  of  from  $8,000  to  $10,000  a  year. 

Yeast  Manufacturers.  —  A  branch  of  the  Waterloo  Yeast  Com])any.  of  Waterloo, 
New  York,  established  in  1853.  was  started  in  Peoria  in  the  Spring  of  1873,  for  the  ])ur- 
pose  of  more  conveniently  supplying  the  western  trade  with  the  "Twin  Brothers  Dry  Hop 
Yeast."'  The  branch  is  under  the  charge  of  Mr.  W.  A.  Stratton,  employs  fifteen  hands, 
and  turns  out  daily  about  .5,000  packages  of  twelve  cakes  each. 

Whitton  &  Co.,  114  Fulton  Street,  manufacture  "Mrs.  Messinger's  Dry  Hop  Yeast." 
have  been  in  business  about  a  year,  keep  four  hands  employed,  and  turn  out  about  1,000 
cakes  per  day. 

WHOLESALE    BUSINESS. 

Wholesale  Boot  and  Shoe.  —  Moses  Pettingill  &  Co.,  123  S.  Washington  Street,  was 
established  in  1861  as  J.  P.  Bean,  and  afterwards  J.  P.  Bean  &  Co..  and  in  1875  the  firm 
was  changed  to  Moses  Pettingill  &  Co.  They  carry  a  stock  of  $30,000  to  $50,000  and 
do  an  annual  business  of  $125,000.  Employ  two  traveling  salesmen  and  their  principal 
trade  is  in  this  State.  Their  goods  are  manufactured  in  the  Eastern  States  especially  for 
their  trade. 

Carriage  Trimmings. —  Blair  Brothers,  119  Main  Street,  established  October, 
187'J,    carry    in    stock    all    go(jds    necessary    for     fitting    out    carriages    and     buggies  ; 


662  mSTOHV   i)F   I'EOHIA  OHNTY 

rul)l)er.  eiuimcl  and  earriii;,'^  clotlis,  eiiaiiu'l  leatlier  of  all  kinds,  mats  and  carpets.  Carry 
a  stock  of  •'j!7,000.     Tlie  trade  is  represented  on  the  road  l)V  one  of  the  firm. 

Carpet*  and  Wall  Paper*.  —  J.  N.  Hadley,  situated  at  209  S.  Adams  Street, 
eniljarked  in  business  in  1870,  and  does  a  general  johhinj;  l)usines.s  throu;;h  the 
central  part  of  the  State.  He  carries  a  stock  of  $.50,000,  and  Ids  annual  receipts  are 
$150,000.  Occupies  in  room  24  feet  by  350  feet,  and  is  tiie  princij)al  jobbing  house  in 
the  city. 

Clothing.  —  S.  Bennett,  Bro.,  &  Co  .  wholesale  and  retail  dealers,  201  and  20-3  S. 
Adams  Street,  establislied  in  1860.  Employ  fifteen  men  in  the  house  and  three 
travelinff  salesmen  on  the  road  continually.  Carry  a  stock  of  5!l.')0,000  to  $175,- 
000,  and  do  an  annual  business  of  8250.000.  They  occupy  a  brick  four  story  l>uilding, 
38  feet  by  95  feet  deep.  They  do  the  onl}'  wholesale  clothing  business  in  the  cit}'.  Their 
clothing  is  manufactured  in  Philadelphia  exi)ressly  for  their  trade. 

Crockery.  —  Is  represented  by  P.  S.  .Shelly,  2ol  S.  Adams  Street.  Carries  a  stock  of 
$28,000,  and  does  an  annual  trade  of  $120,000.  Has  an  extensive  trade  through  Illinois, 
Indiana,  Iowa  and  Missouri.     Employs  four  traveling  salesmen. 

Drugs.  —  The  wholesale  drug  lionseof  Messrs.  Singer  &  Wheeler  has  solong  been  iden- 
tified with  the  vast  resourcesof  Peoria,  that  it  is  really  needless  to  make  mention  of  its  pros- 
perous career  since  its  establishment  in  1859.  The  business  of  the  house  grew  so  rapidly 
during  tiie  first  five  j'cars  of  its  existence  that  they  were  forced  to  seek  new  and  more 
commodious  (juarters,  and  to  this  end  in  18G9  they  erected  a  three  story  brick  building, 
with  basement,  48  by  171  feet,  at  Nos.  218,  220  and  222  S.  Water  Street,  where  they 
have  since  remained.  This  establishment  was  fitted  up  regardless  of  expense  in  every 
department.  In  the  office  may  be  found  the  Edison  and  Bell  Telephones,  together  with 
all  other  modem  laiior-saving  devices  for  conducting  tiic  business  of  the  house.  It  has 
often  been  stated  by  those  familiar  with  the  drug  trade,  that  the  house  of  Messi-s.  Singer 
&  Wheeler  is  one  of  the  largest  west  of  New  York  City.  Their  vast  trade  tan  be  no 
better  illustrated  than  i)y  stating  that  it  reaches  the  States  of  Illinois,  Indiana,  Missouri, 
Iowa,  Kansas,  Nebraska  and  Minnesota.  Mr.  Porte  Wheeler  is  the  sole  proprietor  and 
manager  of  the  wholesale  drug  firm  of  Messrs.  Singer  &  Wheeler,  together  with  all  its 
branches,  and  its  great  success  is  largely  due  to  his  ability  and  business  tact.  The  stock 
of  drugs,  (diemicars,  patent  medicines,  druggists'  sundries,  etc.,  etc.,  is  said  to  be  the 
largest  carried  in  the  State.  To  illustrate  this  more  strikingly,  the  sales  of  the  house 
exceed  something  over  $000,000  annually,  and  are  3'early  on  the  increase. 

Ccdburn,  Burks  &  Co.,  (successors  to  Simoneau  &  Coli>urn.)  imi>orters  and  whole- 
sale druggists,  wiis  established  in  1863.  Carry  a  stock  of  $125,000  to  $150,000.  They  do 
an  extensive  trade  over  the  north-west.  Employing  four  traveling  salesmen,  who  are 
continually  on  the  road,  and  thirty-one  men  engaged  in  the  house.  They  do  an  annual 
business  of  $700,000.     This  firm  ranks  with  any  in  the  Northwest. 

Dry  Goods.  —  Day  Brothers  &  Co.,  one  of  the  oldest  houses  in  the  city,  was  estab- 
lished in  1856,  on  Washington  Street,  and  prosecuted  the  retail  trade  until  1860, 
when  they  emiiarked  in  the  jubbing  tiade,  and  carry  a  stock  from  $200,000  to 
$^00,000,  and  holds  the  tr.ideof  central  Illinois.  Also  have  an  extensive  business  in  Iowa, 
Missouii  and  Kansas.  ICmplov  fortv-five  clerks  in  the  house  besiiles  about  the  same 
number  of  girls  in  making  overalls,  and  live  traveling  salesmen  constantly  on  the  road. 
They  have  a  resident  buyer  in  New  York,  a  member  of  the  firm.  Their  annual  receipts 
are  $1,250,000. 

Erwin  &  Co.,  wholesale  and  retail  dealers  in  dry  goods,  102  S.  Adams  Street, 
(Successois  to  iMwin  it  Ireland.)  Established  in  1S75.  Carry  a  stock  from 
$l;;0,000  to  $150,000,  and  do  an  annual  business  i>f  $400,000  to  $500,1)00.  Their  trade 
extends  through   Illinois,  Indiana,  Missouri  and   Kansas.       Occupy  two  rooms   fifty  by 


HISTORY   OF   PEORIA  COUNTY.  563 

one  liiuidreil  and  yfVfiity-five    feet ;    also   a  storeroom  about   tiie   same   size.       Eiiijiloy 
thirty-five  clerks  in  l)oth  branches  and  four  traveling  salesmen. 

Woodward,  Ward  &  Co.,  wholesale  and  retail  notions,  hosiery,  fancy  dry  goods, 
toys,  etc.,  205  and  207  S.  Adams  Street,  was  established  by  Seabury  &  Company,  and 
was  changed  in  1872  to  Woodward,  Seabury  &  Co.  In  June,  1877,  tliis  was  changed  to 
Woodward,  Ward  &  Co.  Carry  a  stock  from  S6o,000  to  .flOO,000.  Their  sales  are  in 
Illinois,  Indiana,  Iowa  and  Kansas.  Employ  five  traveling  salesmen  on  the  road  con- 
tinuall}'.  The}'  occupy  a  three-stoiy  brick,  with  basement,  fort}'  by  eighty  feet,  a  store 
and  packing  room,  twenty-five  by  sixty  feet,  and  also  have  a  room  in  King  &  Jack's 
Building,  thirty-six  by  one  hundred  feet.  Annual  sales  between  i!250,000  and  $300,- 
000.     The  only  stiictly  wholesale  notion  house  in  the  city. 

Fartn  3Iac]iinery. —  The  wholesale  farm  machinery  and  seed  house  of  Messrs.  King- 
man &  Co.  is  widely  and  extensively  known,  but  to  impress  its  importance  upon  our 
readers  we  will  say  a  word  in  reference  to  its  standing.  The  business  was  established 
in  18G7,  and  is  located  at  Nos.  116  and  118  S.  Washington  Street.  It  has  a 
frontage  of  thirty-four  feet  by  one  hundred  and  seventy-four  feet  deep,  a  fine  three- 
story  brick  structure  with  basement.  The  liouse  deals  in  all  descriptions  of  farm  ma- 
chinery, seeds,  etc.  To  accommodate  their  already  large  and  growing  trade  they  have 
two  immense  warehouses  besides  a  branch  depot  at  East  St.  Louis.  During  the  past 
thirteen  years,  Mr.  Maitin  Kingman  has  stood  at  the  head  of  the  house,  and  their  success 
is  greatly  due  to  his  affable  manner  and  business  sagacity.  They  have  four  traveling 
salesmen  on  the  road  constantly.  They  carry  a  stock  from  $30,000  to  $50,000,  and  do  an 
annual  business  of  $350,000. 

Groceries. —  The  business  of  the  house  now  widely  known  as  Henry,  Oakford  & 
Fahiiestock,  was  started  January  1,  1868,  by  Jos.  F.  Henry,  Aaron  S.  Oakford  and  Geo. 
Wright,  under  the  firm  name  of  J.  F.  Henry  &  Co.,  doing  an  extensive  retail  business 
on  N.  Washington  Street,  near  Main.  January  1,  1870,  Messrs.  Henry  &  Oakford 
bought  out  Mr.  Wright's  interest,  the  firm  name  being  changed  to  Henry  &  Oakford. 
They  enlarged  the  retail  trade  of  the  house,  and  added  a  wholesale  department.  From 
very  small  l)eginnings  the  wholesale  trade  steadily  grew.  The  1st  of  January,  1872, 
Mr.  H.  H.  Fahnestock  joined  Messrs.  Henry  &  Oakford  in  the  business,  the  firm  name 
becoming  Henry,  Oakford  &  Fahnestock.  They  moved  to  S.  Washington  Street,  near 
Liberty,  and  from  this  date  confined  themselves  exclusively  to  the  wholesale  trade. 
Mr.  C.  J.  Off  was  admitted  into  the  firm  in  1874,  and  retired  in  1877. 

More  room  was  needed,  and  they  moved  in  1875  into  a  large  store  below  Liberty,  on 
Washington  Street.  In  a  few  years  the  business  had  reached  such  proportions  that  they 
were  again  forced  to  move.  In  1877  Easton's  Commercial  Block  was  built  expressly  for 
them.     Their  wholesale  grocery  estalilishment  is  among  the  finest  in  the  State. 

The  trade  of  this  house,  wonderful  as  has  been  its  growth,  is  still  increasing.  Six 
traveling  salesmen  work  up  the  trade  on  the  road.  In  twelve  years  the  business  has 
grown  from  $25,000  to  about  $1,000,000  per  annum. 

S.  H.  Tliompson  &  Co.  established  in  business  in  March,  1863.  Carries  a  stock  of 
$50,000.  His  annual  sales  are  $500,000.  Employs  three  traveling  salesmen.  Is  located 
at  70  and  72  Liberty  Street,  and  McCoy  &  Stewart,  located  at  210  and  211  South  Wash- 
ington Street.  Commenced  business,  in  1860.  Carries  a  stock  from  $40,000  to  $50,000. 
Occupies  two  rooms  38x170  feet,  and  basement.  Has  two  salesmen  on  the  road  con- 
stantly.    Their  annual  sales  are  $250,000. 

Lewis,  Green  &  Co.,  230  South  Washington  Street.  In  the  Fall  of  1853  embarked 
in  the  retail  business  on  Bridge  Street,  and  continued  up  to  1865,  when  they  commenced 
the  jobbing  trade.  Carries  a  stock  of  $40,000,  and  does  an  annual  business  of  from 
$350,000  to  $100,000.  Has  three  traveling  salesmen  constantly  on  the  road,  also  five 
men  in  the  store. 


564  niHTORY   OK   I'EfHUA   COINTY 

I..  H.  (iil>.-.uii.  No.  104  Soiitli  \V;isliiii;,'t<iii  Slicit,  L'liiliiirkfd  in  the  retail 
grocery  trade  in  iHai,  and  in  1860  formed  a  parlnership  witli  J.  M.  Woodliury,  and 
eniliarked  in  tlie  joliliint;  business  nntil  liis  deatli,  wliicli  occurred  in  1870,  since  wliich 
time  lie  lias  conducte<l  it  on  Ids  own  iiool<.  Cariios  a  stock  from  •i'40,000  to  -^60, 000,  and 
his  receipts  amount  to  •?17-"),000  to  >!200,000  per  annum,  lias  three  men  constantly  on 
the  road.  Occu[)ies  three  rooms  24x100  feet.  His  principal  trade  is  in  tiie  central  por- 
tion of  Illinois. 

Chas.  J.  Off  &  Co.,  116  and  118  Lii.erty  Street,  estahli.slicd  in  1878.  Handle  a  full 
line  of  groceries,  tobaccos  and  cigars.  .Manufaclure  Dr.  Miles'  Premium  Hakinjj  Pow- 
der and  Flavoring  Extracts,  etc.  Carry  a  stock  from  *8."),OO0  to  •*6.i,000.  His  principal 
sales  of  groceries  are  in  Illinois,  hut  his  tobacco,  cigars,  baking  powder  and  extracts  have 
a  much  larger  scope.  His  annual  sales  arc  *:500,000,  an  increase  of  over  $70,000  the 
previous  year. 

Hardware. —  Isaac  Walker  &  Son,  importers  and  jobbers  of  hardware  and  cutlery, 
1-2.')  and  127  South  Washington  Street.  Was  established  in  1842  by  Walker  &  Lightner, 
which  run  for  some  time  and  then  changed  to  Walker  &  Mclllvane.  Inls72itwa,s 
changed  to  Walker,  Tlionipson  &  Co..  and  in  1877  it  became  the  firm  of  Walker  &  Son. 
Handle  general  shelf  hardware,  cutlery  and  guns.  Carry  a  stock  of  •is.'iOfOOO.  Annual 
sales  $175,000  to  .f!200,000.  Employ  two  traveling  salesmen,  and  their  goods  are  sold 
chiefly  in  the  central  portion  of  this  State. 

Cummings  &  Emerson  situated  at  416  and  418  S.  Washington  Street,  wholesale  deal- 
ers in  heavy  hardware,  wagons  and  carriages  and  wood  :  work  established  1867.  Carry  a 
stock  of  5!.')b,000,  and  do  an  annual  business  of  nearly  •i!200,000.  Their  sales  are  prin- 
cipally in  the  central  portion  of  Illinois. 

Geo.  W.  Rouse,  wholesale  hardware,  110  S.  Washington  Street.  Embarked  in  the 
retail  hardware  in  El  Paso  in  18."):^.  And  in  the  Spring  of  187."),  came  to  Peoria.  Carries 
a  stock  from  >!;30,000  to  $60,000,  and  does  an  annual  business  of  *17"),000.  Also  handles 
seed  extensivel}',  his  sales  amounting  to  upwards  of  87."), 000  per  annum.  His  principal 
business  is  done  in  the  central  portion  of  the  State.     Employs  three  trading  men. 

Clark,  t^uinn  &  Morse,  wholesale  dealers  in  shelf  haruware,  cutlery,  and  guns,  217 
and  219  S.  Adams  Street.  The  firm  was  established  in  1869  as  Clark,  Quinn  & 
Chalmers,  and  continued  as  the  same  until  Sept.  Is74.  Carries  a  stock  of  $40,000. 
Annual  sales  are  •S1")0,000,  and  principally  in  the  central  portion  of  this  State.  Also  make 
sales  in  Indiana  and  Iowa.     Have  a  line  store  room  in  a  good  location. 

W.  A.  Hunter,  wholesale  dealer  in  iron,  steel,  heavy  hardware  and  carriage  and 
wagon  wood  work.  Located  at  314  and  816  S.  Washington  Street.  Successor  to 
Mc('lure,  Cutler  &  Co.  Carries  a  stock  of  from  $2.").00d  to  $10,000,  and  his  trade 
amounts  to  -$100,000.     Employs  one  traveling  salesman. 

Z.  V.  Hotchkiss.  120  S.  Wasliington  Street,  dealer  in  hardware  ami  cutlery.  Was 
first  established  on  Main  Street  in  1S40.  Carries  general  hardware,  sjiorting  goods,  belt- 
ing, nails,  tools,  etc.  Has  one  to  two  travelling  salesman  on  the  road.  Carries  a  stock 
of  *2r),000  to  $:50,000,  and  his  annual  receipts  are  $7a,000.  Has  three  rooms  24  by  172 
feet. 

Beasely  Hrolhers  embarked  in  the  saddlery  hardware,  harness  and  leather  in  the  Fall 
of  186.'),  on  S.  Washington  Sireel.  and  conlinucd  as  the  same  firm  until  ls7tl,  when  the 
present  firm  was  formed  as  Heasely  it  Co.  They  are  located  on  119  S.  Main  Street.  Carry 
a  stock  from  $1"), 000  to  $20,000.  Their  annual  .sales  are  $7.'),0<i0.  Employ  two  travel- 
ing salesmen  who  arc  on  the  road  contininilly. 

Leather.  —  V.  Dervine  &.  Co.  leathtr  and  shoe  findings.  108  S.  Adams  Street,  (I)er- 
vine  &  Black)  came  to  Peoria  in  1S47  and  engaged  in  the  shoe  manufactures  and  lealher. 
Carried  on  that  business  until  1H.">4,  when  he  sold  his  shoe  interest  to  (inill  A'  Koff,  and 
continued  in  the  leather  trade  until   1H.')7,  when    he  sold   out   tu   Culter,   Easton   &   Co. 


History  of  peoria  county.  565 

Then  embarked  in  tlie  lard,  oil,  and  candles.  Remained  in  that  business  nine  months  as 
the  film  of  Dervine  &  Ford.  Then  tlie  firm  of  Beasley,  Dervine  &  Co.  was  formed,  and 
embarked  in  the  leather  works.  In  18G1  tlie  firm  was  dissolved  and  Mr.  D.  started  in 
leather  business  again  in  1863  in  company  with  David  Fey,  and  known  as  V.  Dervine  & 
Co.  In  1866  purchased  the  interest  of  i\lr.  Fey,  and  conducted  tiie  Inisiness  on  his  own 
account  until  Jan.  1,  1880,  when  he  formed  a  partnership  with  John  A.  Chalmers. 
Carry  a  stock  from  $10,000  to  120,000,  and  their  annual  receipts  are  $40,0'  0. 

Liquors  —  M.  Hennebery,  wliolesale  liquor  dealer,  7  and  8  South  Water  Street, 
embarked  in  business  in  1851,  as  the  firm  of  Brandamore  &  Henneberry,  which  continued 
for  five  years ;  since  that  time,  Mr.  H.  has  conducted  the  business  by  himself,  carries  a 
stock  of  $30,000,  has  an  extensive  trade  through  the  Northwest,  doing  an  annual  business 
of  $250,000.     Mr.  H.  is  one  of  the  oldest  business  men  in  Peoria. 

H.  &  J.  Schwabacher,  wholesale  liquor  dealers,  214  and  216  South  Washington 
Street,  embarked  in  business  in  the  Spring  of  1862.  They  carry  a  very  extensive 
stock,  and  their  trade  extends  from  Maine  to  California.  They  have  three  traveling 
salesmen  constantly  on  the  road. 

Ullman  &  Co.,  wholesale  liquor  dealers,  225  South  Washington  Street,  embarked 
in  1870,  and  carry  a  fine  stock  of  all  kinds  of  liquors,  valued  at  from  $30,000  to  $40,000. 
Their  principal  trade  is  in  Illinois,  Indiana  and  Iowa.  Their  annual  receipts  are  from 
$140,000  to  $150,000. 

J.  G.  Behrends,  wholesale  lic^uor  dealer,  300  South  Washington  Street,  commenced 
trade  in  1872,  carries  a  stock  of  from  $4,000  to  $8,000.  His  annual  receipts  are  $40,000. 
Also  deals  extensively  in  ice. 

The  Lumber  interests  of  the  country  comprise  one  of  the  most  important  features  of 
the  nation's  industry,  and  its  growths  are  synonymous  with  the  various  developments 
and  improvements  that  are  constantly  in  progress.  And  as  regards  Peoria  and  this 
vicinity,  this  particular  interest  is  well  represented  in  the  yards  of  this  city. 

Jonathan  Hancock's  yard  was  established  in  1855,  as  the  firm  of  Hancock  &  McCul- 
lough,  which  continued  until  1865,  when  Mr.  H.  bought  the  interest  of  Mr.  McCullough, 
and  has  prosecuted  the  trade  on  his  own  account.  Carries  a  stock  of  from  1,200,000  to 
1,500,000  feet.     His  trade  is  principally  in  the  central  portion  of  this  State. 

Joseph  Miller  &  Sons'  yard  was  established  in  1848  (by  Joseph  Miller,  deceased,) 
builders,  and  dealers  in  lumber,  laths,  shingles,  timber,  etc.,  on  the  corner  of  Washington 
and  Walnut  Streets.  Carries  a  stock  of  from  1,250,000  to  1,500,000  feet.  In  the  year 
of  1879  handled  4,500,000  feet.     Employ  in  building  and  yard  one  hundred  men. 

J.  T.  Rogers  &  Co.,  corner  of  Adams  and  Harrison  Streets,  was  established  in  1860. 
They  handle  hard  wood  and  pine  lumber,  and  have  a  large  local  trade,  and  are  well  pre- 
pared for  dressing  lumber,  of  which  they  use  a  large  amount  in  manufacturing  boxes, 
making  6,000  per  month,  according  to  the  demand.  The  lumber  business  amounts  to 
about  3,000,000,  including  laths  and  shingles.  Carries  an  average  stock  of  1,000,000  feet. 
Ira  Smith  &  Co.,  lumber  dealers,  was  established  in  1850  by  Ira  Smith,  and  contin- 
ued up  to  1870,  when  he  sold  his  interest.  In  1875  embarked  again,  as  the  firm  of  Ira 
Smith  &  Son,  and  continued  until  his  death,  which  occurred  Dec.  16,  1879.  Keep  in 
stock  800,000  feet,  and  annnal  sales  are  1,200,000  feet.  Mr.  Smith  was  among  the  first 
to  embark  in  the  lumber  business  in  the  city. 

Procter  &  Tripp,  wholesale  and  retail  dealers  in  pine  and  hard  lumber,  carry  a  stock 
of  3,900,000  feet,  including  shingles  and  laths.     Have  an  extensive  trade. 

Jefferson  Carson,  foot  of  Edmonds  Street,  established  the  latter  part  of  Octo- 
ber, 1879.  Carries  a  stock  of  3,000,000  feet  of  pine  lumber.  He  also  manufactures  his 
lumber  at  Ludington,  Michigan.  Does  a  general  jobbing  business,  and  ships  out  on  all 
the  railroads  that  leave  the  city.  He  is,  strictly,  the  only  wholesale  shipper  and  manu- 
facturer in  the  city 


5Q6  HISTORY  OP  PEORIA  COUNTY. 

Tinnert"  Stock,  Stoves  and  House  Furnishing  Goods.  —  R.  A.  Cutter  k  Co.,  115  S. 
Wasliington  Street,  was  estahlislieJ  in  about  1850  hy  T.  C.  Moore,  and  in  1860  the  firm 
was  known  as  Moore  &  Sandemeyer.  In  1869  tlie  firm  cliaii<^ed  to  Cutter,  Sandemeyer 
&  Co.,  Mr.  Moore  going  out  of  tlie  business,  whicli  continued  till  1878,  when  it  was 
changed  to  K.  A.  Cutter  &  Co.,  the  company  buying  Mr.  Saiidemeyer's  interest.  Tiieir 
cliief  sales  are  made  in  the  central  portion  of  tiie  State.  Also  ship  some  goods  to  Iowa 
and  Kansas.  Carry  a  stock  equal  to  any  in  the  State  outside  of  Chicago.  They  have  a 
brick  building  three  stories  with  basement  24xxl50  feet.  Also  have  two  rooms  24x90 
feet. 

Tobacco  and  Ciyars. —  Newman  &  Ullman,  225  S.  Washington  Street,  was  es- 
tablished in  1859.  Carry  a  full  line  of  cigars  and  tobaccos  of  $25,000.  Tlieir 
trade  is  principally  in  Illinois,  Indiana  and  Iowa,  and  do  an  annual  l)usiness  of  $200,000. 
Is  the  oldest  house  in  the  city  and  employ  two  traveling  salesmen  constantly. 

CHA>IBEE  OF  COMMERCE. 

The  Peoria  Chamber  of  Commerce  was  the  first  public  exclusively  business  l)uilding 
erected  in  the  city.  It  stands  on  the  east  corner  of  South  Washington  and  Harrison 
Streets,  and  is  a  beautiful,  imposing  edifice,  creditable  to  the  city's  commercial  enter- 
prise. 

Architect  T.  V.  Wadskier,  of  Chicago,  drew  the  plans  for  the  building,  and  the 
contract  for  construction  was  let  to  William  P.  Caverlv.  of  Toulon.  111.,  and  Hiram  H. 
Pierce,  of  Peoria,  on  the  25th  day  of  April,  1875,  for  $69,900.  Ground  was  broken  on 
the  first  day  of  May  and  the  corner  stone  was  laid  on  the  tiiird  day  of  June  with  grand 
ceremonies,  conducted  l)y  the  Ancient  Order  of  Free  and  Accepted  Masons.  The  struc- 
ture was  completed,  turned  over  and  accepted  by  the  Chamber  of  Commerce  Association 
on  the  15th  of  December,  1875.  At  two  o'clock  in  the  afternoon  of  the  same  day,  the 
Board  of  Trade  rooms  were  formally  opened,  and  the  building  was  dedicated  with  appro- 
priate speeches  and  exercises.  Goveinor  Beveridge  and  other  distinguished  peisons,  to- 
gether with  delegates  from  the  various  Chambers  of  Coninurcc  and  Boards  of  Trade  in 
tiie  West,  honored  the  occasion  with  their  presence. 

Tiie  building  has  sixt3-five  feet  frontage  on  Washington  Street,  a  like  rear  front  on 
Commercial  Street,  by  145  feet  frontage  on  Harrison  Street,  and  tlie  same  on  a  court  or 
alley  twenty-eight  feet  wide,  extending  parallel  with  Harrison  Street.  Tlie  cellar  is  nine 
feet  in  the  clear,  below  tiie  Washington  Street  sidewalk,  a  little  above  the  level  of  which 
is  the  first  floor.  The  first  story  is  13  feet  .'5  inches  in  the  clear,  the  second  story  14  feet 
3  inches,  tiie  third  story,  iiack,  13  feet  3  inches,  and  llic  fourth  or  gallery  story  13  feet. 
The  Board  of  Trade  exchange  room  is  61  feet  wide  by  104  long,  and  34  feet  9  inches 
high  in  the  clear,  extending  uj)ward  from  the  third  floor  to  the  highest  ceiling.  From 
the  foundation  of  the  walls  to  the  top  of  the  main  roof  is  97  feet.  The  tower  is  20x20 
feet  at  the  base  and  16x16  feet  at  the  top,  and  rises  IS  feet  above  the  main  roof.  Tiie 
flagstafl"  aiiove  the  tower  is  32  feet  long,  surmounted  by  a  weather-vane  1;'.4  feet  above  tlie 
level  of  the  sidewalk.     Tiie  clock  dials  in  the  tower  are  9;!  feet  above  the  street  level. 

The  t'oundation  and  main  cross  walls  are  laid  upon  thick,  broad  dimension — strong, 
and  built  up  to  the  joists  of  the  first  floor  of  Joliet  ruble  stone,  laid  in  cement.  The  first 
course  of  stone  above  ground  is  fine  rubbed  limestone.  .-Miove  tiiis  the  outer  walls  are 
built  of  selected  brick  and  blue  Amherst  cut  stone  trimmings.  'I'lie  division  walls  are 
all  of  brick — as  are  the  niinu'roiis  vaults.  Tiie  tiniln-rs  are  of  selected  well  seasiuied 
pine.  The  fii>t  and  second  hall  floors  arc  of  hard  maple,  the  room  floors  of  white  pine. 
The  stair  steps  are  ash,  and  the  railings,  balustrades  and  posts,  of  black  walnut.  The 
outside  trimniiiigs,  except  the  stone,  are  of  galvanized  iron  and  zinc,  and  the  loof  of  the 
best  Vermont  slate  ;  the    windows   are   the  best  French  plate-glass,  double  thick.     The 


HISTORY  OF  PEORIA  COUNTY.  567 

building  is  amply  supplied  with  water  by  the  water  works,  well  lighted  and  finely  venti- 
lated. It  is  warmed  by  a  steam-heating  apparatus,  on  what  is  termed  tiie  "  indirect  " 
method,  using  i2,000  feet  of  steam  pipe,  and  put  in  at  a  cost  of  $8,000. 

Tiie  clock  in  the  tower  is  a  No.  1  Seth  Thomas,  with  three  illuminated  dials,  ninety- 
three  feet  above  the  ground,  and  cost  set  up,  $000. 

Neither  the  heating  apparatus  nor  the  clock  was  included  in  the  original  contract. 

This  magnificent  building  is  a  conspicuous  feature  of  tlie  city,  and  excepting  the 
Merchant's  Exchange  of  St.  Louis,  and  the  Board  of  Trade  building  of  Chicago,  is  the 
most  elegant  in  the  West. 

CITY   BUILDINGS. 

City  Hall. —  The  City  Hall  is  on  Fulton  Street  near  the  corner  of  Madison  Street, 
and  was  erected  in  18.:)9,  under  the  administration  of  Ma3or  Wni.  R.  Hamilton.  The 
lots  upon  which  it  and  the  City  Markets  adjoining  stand,  were  bought  about  a  year 
previously.  The  principal  cause  of  the  building  being  erected  at  that  time,  was  the  pres- 
sing necessity  of  having  an  Engine  House  near  that  point.  In  the  minutes  of  the  meet- 
ing of  the  City  Council  held  March  18,  1859,  is  found  the  first  mention  of  the  proposed 
structure,  in  the  form  of  motion  by  Aid.  Brass,  that  the  ordinance  authorising  its  erec- 
tion he  passed.  Thereupon  the  ordinance  became  law,  and  rapid  progress  was  made  in 
carrying  4ts  provisions  into  effect,  and  in  the  latter  part  of  the  same  year  it  was  com- 
pleted and  formally  opened.  Mr.  Valentine  Jobst  was  the  architect,  and  Mr.  Joseph 
Miller,  the  contracting  builder.  It  is  of  brick,  with  stone  trimmings,  two  stories  in  height, 
with  tower  for  fire  alarm  bell,  and  cost  in  the  neighborhood  of  $10,000.  Together  with 
the  adjoining  markets,  it  occupies  a  frontage  of  14-1  ft.  on  Madison,  and  171  ft.  on  Ful- 
ton Streets.  The  City  Hall  contains  the  offices  of  almost  all  of  the  city  officials,  viz  : 
Mayor's  ofiSce,  City  Clerk's  office,  offices  of  Cit}'  Engineer  and  Surveyor,  Superintendent 
of  Water  Works,  Collector  of  Water  Rent,  Chief  of  Fire  Department,  with  Fire  Alarm 
Telegraph,  Supt.  of  Police  with  calaboose  in  the  rear,  and  has  also  on  second  floor  a  fine 
large  council  room,  for  the  meetings  of  city  fathers.  The  building  on  the  whole,  is  far 
from  being  prepossessing  as  to  its  exterior,  or  comfortable  in  its  interior,  and  the  present 
City  Hall  will  doubtless  soon  give  place  to  one  more  in  keeping  with  the  growth  and 
progress  of  the  city,  of  which  it  constitutes  the  Hub. 

Markets. —  The  City  Markets  adjoin  the  City  Hall,  and  are  directly  on  the  corner  of 
Madison  and  Fulton  Streets.  They  were  built  about  the  year  1859,  and  cost  about  $10,- 
000.  They  are  in  the  form  of  a  cross,  and  are  built  of  brick,  with  a  height  of  one  story 
with  high  roof.  The  floor  is  flagged,  and  the  interior  laid  off  in  stalls,  which  are  sold  by 
auction  to  the  highest  bidder  in  May  of  each  year.  Thejmarkets  are  not  a  source  of  much 
revenue  to  the  city,  as  the  sum  realized  from  the  annual  sale  of  the  stalls  just  meets  ex- 
penses and  interest  on  the  investment.  For  last  year  the  sum  thus  realized  was  $1,859.01 
and  the  expenses  $985.01,  leaving  a  balance  of  $874  to  pay  interest,  etc. 

Engine  Houses.  —  The  Central  City  Hose,  and  Chemical  Engine  House,  on  North 
Adams  Street,  between  Hamilton  and  Fayette  Streets,  is  the  oldest  engine  house  in  the 
city,  but  has  been  remodeled  and  fitted  up  anew  since  the  organization  of  a  paid  fire  de- 
partment.    It  is  valued  with  lot  on  which  it  stands  at  $5,400. 

The  building  occupied  by  Fire  Company  No.  4,  on  Gallatin  Street,  between  Pecan 
and  Cedar  Streets,  is  also  an  old  one,  and  is  also  used  as  a  Police  Station  for  South  Pe- 
oria.    It  is  valued  with  the  lot  at  $1,750. 

Holly  Hose  House,  corner  South  Jefferson  and  Sanford  Streets,  Bluff  Hose  House 
on  Main  Street  near  Elizabeth,  and  Chemical  Engine  House  No.  2,  on  South  Adams  Street 
near  the  Plank  Road,  have  all  been  built  within  the  last  six  or  seven  years,  and  are  re- 
spectively worth  with  the  lots,  $;3,000,  $;;5,400,  and  $3,800. 

This,  with  the  City  Hospital,  Work  House  and  Water  Works  completes  the  list  of 


568  HISTORY  OF  PEOHIA  COUNTY. 

buildings  owned  by  the  city,  and  a  detailed  description  of  these  will  be  found  in  the  ar- 
ticles respectively  devoted  to  them. 

PUBLIC    HALLS. 

Rouse  Hull  was  built  in  1858  by  Dr.  Rudolphus  Rouse,  one  of  the  earliest  settlers 
in  I'eoria,  and  it  has  lieen  since  then,  almost  the  only  place  in  the  city,  where  public 
meetin<^s  and  (.'iitLTtainnients  could  comfortably  be  hclil.  It  is  located  on  the  corner  <>( 
Jefferson  and  Main  Streets,  and  has  a  frontage  of  sixty-five  feet  on  the  former  street,  and 
140  ft.  on  the  latter.  The  Hall  proper  is  on  the  second  floor ;  is  well  lighted  with  gas,  and 
warmed  in  the  Winter  time  with  stoves  ;  has  a  rea.sonably  large  stage  ;  a  complete  set  of 
stock  scenery  ;  and  will  seat  about  l,:iUO  people.  The  balcony  alone  will  hold  '2-'>0.  The 
Hall  exclusive  of  stage  is  lOOxoO  feet,  and  is  twenty-two  feet  high  in  the  clear.  Dr. 
Rouse  died  in  1873,  and  the  property  is  now  owned  by  his  widow. 

Academy  of  Music. —  Tiiis  building  was  erected  in  l8To,  for  the  special  accommoda- 
tion of  a  Siengerfest  which  was  then  held  in  the  cit)-.  It  is  of  wood,  is  partly  seated,  and 
will  hold  about  l,oOO  people.  It  is  situated  on  North  Adams  Street,  between  Fayette 
and  Jackson. 

Pt'eiffer'i  Hall  is  named  after  its  owner,  and  is  situated  at  532  South  Adams  Street. 
It  was  built  in  187'J,  of  brick,  with  stone  trimmings.  The  dimensions  of  the  Hall  are 
100x40  feet,  and  twenty-four  feet  high  in  the  clear.  Is  not  yet  seated,  but  could  com- 
fortably hold  about  900  people.     It  is  principally  used   for  dancing  and  musical  parties. 

Miscellaneous  Balls.  —  Tlie  other  Halls  in  the  city  are  ius  follows:  Masonic  Hall. 
216  Main  Street;  Masonic  Hall,  124  North  .\dams  Street;  Bergen's  Hall,  on  South 
Washington  Street  ;  Red  Rilibon  Hall,  215  South  .Adains  Stri-ct  ;  Druid's  Hall,  corner 
Main  and  Adams  Streets  ;  Odd  Fellows'  Hall,  110  Soutii  Adams  Street  :  G.  A.  R.  Hall, 
107  Soutli  Adams  Street ;  Armory  Hall,  corner  Madison  and  Liiicrty  Streets  ;  Working- 
men's  Hall,  corner  Washington  and  Bridge  Streets;  Fenian  Hall,  201*  Main  Street; 
Roth's  Hall,  North  Adams,  near  Evans  Street. 

The  City  Hospital.  —  This  building  was  erected  by  the  city  authorities  about  18.}I>, 
upon  a  block  of  land  donated  for  that  i)urpose  by  Hon.  Geo.  C.  Bestor,  (deceased,)  in 
Butler's  Division,  in  South  Peoria.  It  is  a  two  story  brick  structure,  and  is  valued  with 
the  block  on  which  it  stands  at  about  810,000.  Under  the  existing  Poor  Laws,  the  poor 
of  the  city  are  under  the  charge  of  the  county  officers,  but  in  this  case  the  city  maintains 
the  building,  ami  the  county  pays  for  the  care  and  treatment  of  the  patients.  The  hos- 
pital has  for  the  past  three  years  been  under  the  charge  of  the  Sisters  of  St.  Francis, 
who  an;  paid  so  much  per  capita  for  each  patient,  the  cost  to  the  county  being  about 
$1,500  per  annum.  It  hiis  accommodations  for  about  twenty  patients,  but  the  numlier  of 
beds  occupied  ranges  from  six  to  twelve.  Four  sisters  of  the  Order  are  in  constant  at- 
tendance. Before  the  hospital  Wivs  placed  under  the  charge  of  the  sisters,  its  manage- 
ment was  far  from  good,  but  nov/  through  their  self-sacrifieing  devotion  the  house  is  kept 
clean  and  sweet,  au<l  tlu" patients  are  attended  to  with  the  utmost  care. 

The  Bradley  H'spital.  —  Tiiis  fine  building  and  excellently  managed  institution, 
occupies  a  commanding  position  on  the  East  Bluff  overlooking  the  city.  It  was  origin- 
ally built  as  a  residence  by  the  late  Isaac  Underhill  about  the  year  1847.  aiul  wius  at  that 
time  the  hand.somesl  one  in  Peoria.  It  sul)se(iuently  i)assed  into  the  hands  of  the  late 
Tobias  S.  Bradley,  and  was  bought  after  his  decease  by  the  Right  Rev.  Bisho|>  Spaulding 
for  use  as  an  hospital.  The  purchase  price  of  .i'8,000  was  much  iielow  its  real  value,  and 
Bi.shop  Spaulding  tendered  .Mrs.  Bradley  the  compliment  of  naming  it  the  "Bradley 
Hospital,  "  in  recognition  of  the  ea.sy  terms  upon  which  it  was  aeijuireil.  This  sale  took 
place  about  four  years  ago,  and  at  tJiat  time  the  Sisters  of  St.  Francis,  who  take  charge 
of  the  hospital,  had  a  small  Infirmary  on  S.  Adams  Street,  near  Bridge  Street,  which 
they  had  managed  for  about  a  year  and  a  half.     Thereuiion    the   scene   of  their  devoted 


HISTORY  OF  PEORIA  COUNTY.  569 

labors  was  transferred  to  their  new  building,  which  had  been  fitted  up  with  every  thing 
necessary  for  its  purpose,  and  hundreds  can  testify  from  their  own  experience,  to  the  un- 
remitting watchfulness  and  care  with  wliich  the  good  Sisters  have  tended  the  beds  of 
those  who  have  been  inmates.  The  hospital  has  accommodations  for  fifty-four  patients, 
and  the  average  number  the  year  round  is  forty.  Separate  rooms  ruay  be  had  by  those 
able  to  pay  from  $7.00  to  ilO.OO  per  week.  The  patients  treated  last  year  numbered 
about  150,  and  about  100  of  them  were  charity  patients.  Dr.  Studer  attends  to  the 
medical  department  and  Dr.  Stewart  to  the  surgical.  The  Sisters  in  attendance  are 
nineteen  in  number,  and  are  under  the  experienced  charge  of  Mother  Francis.  The 
building  is  of  brick,  three  stories  in  height,  with  large  basement  and  a  dwarfed  mansard 
roof,  and  occupies  an  extremely  healthy  and  airy  site.  The  death  rate  of  the  hospital  is 
very  low. 

Academy  of  Our  Lady  of  the  Sacred  Heart.  —  This  institution  is  conducted  by  the 
Sisters  of  St.  Joseph,  and  is  under  the  special  direction  of  the  Right  Rev.  J.  L.  Spauld- 
ing.  Bishop  of  Peoria.  Its  aim  is  to  afford  the  people  of  Illinois  all  the  educational  ad- 
vantages which  they  might  desire  for  their  daughters,  and  the  course  of  studies  eml)races 
all  the  branches,  useful  and  ornamental,  that  are  usually  taught.  The  religious  opinions 
of  non-Catholic  pupils  are  not  interfered  with  ;  but  for  the  sake  of  good  order,  they  are 
required  to  attend  the  public  exercises  of  religion. 

This  academy  was  established  in  1863,  by  some  of  the  Sisters  of  St.  Joseph,  who 
came  from  the  mother  house  in  Toronto  for  that  purpose.  It  at  first  occupied  a  frame 
building  on  Madison  Street,  and  some  eight  3'ears  afterwards  was  moved  to  its  present 
fine  building,  corner  of  Madison  and  Eaton  Streets.  The  structure  is  of  brick  with  stone 
trimmings ;  is  two  stories  in  height,  with  large  high  basement  and  dormer  roof,  and  is 
able  easily  to  accommodate  fifty  resident  pupils.  Besides  parlors,  dormitories  and 
kitchen  offices,  there  are  two  class  rooms,  a  large  study  hall,  and  play  rooms.  During 
the  two  last  j'ears  the  resident  pupils  have  numbered  about  fifteen,  but  in  previous  years 
from  twentj'-five  to  tliirty  was  the  usual  attendance.  Besides  these,  about  fifty  select  pui^ils 
receive  the  educational  advantages  of  the  academy  as  day  scholars.  No  male  pupils  are 
taken.  The  Sisters  are  fifteen  in  number,  and  in  addition  to  their  labors  at  the  acaderay, 
teach  also  in  the  Parochial  school  of  St.  Mary's  Parish,  and  are  under  the  charge  of 
Mother  Superior  Matilda. 

Springdale  Cemetery.  —  The  association  was  incorporated  Feb'y  14,  1855.  Incor- 
porators, Thomas  Baldwin,  Hervey  Lightner,  William  A.  Hall  and  Onslow  Peters. 

The  cemeterv  is  situated  two  miles  north  of  the  Court-house.  The  grounds  contain 
200  acres,  and  passes  in  a  superior  degree  all  the  requirements  of  a  splendid  cemetery, 
and  in  their  arrangements  and  diversity  of  hills,  dales,  shade  and  water,  are  said  by  men 
of  experience  and  taste  in  cemetery  matters,  to  be  unexcelled.  The  grounds  are  enclosed 
by  substantial  fences  and  Osage  orange  hedge.  There  are  two  entrances,  one  on  the 
Prospect  Hill  road,  and  on  the  north  west.  The  main  one  on  the  south  line  towards  the 
city.  A  good  shady  road  leads  to  this  entrance,  and  the  track  of  the  Fort  Clark  horse 
railway  is  extended  there  also.  The  grounds  are  laid  off  in  divisions,  sections  and  lots, 
conforming  to  the  uneven  and  varied  character  of  the  surface.  There  are  over  twelve 
miles  of  carriage  ways  all  well  graveled  and  in  fine  condition.  It  is  improved  to  the  cost 
of  $200,000  or  nearly  that  outside  of  monumental  adornments.  Between  six  and  seven 
thousand  people  are  buried  in  the  grounds.  The  grounds  contain  many  fine  monuments. 
The  Cole  monument  erected  at  a  cost  of  $10, 000, the  Bradley  monument  equallvas  beau- 
tiful, and  the  Lightner,  which  cost  $5,000  and  others.  The  grounds  are  arranged  with 
great  care  and  skill.  In  the  Spring  and  Summer  wild  flowers  and  ferns  grow  in  great 
profusion.  The  cemetery  in  fair  weather  is  visited  by  2,000  to  5,000  people  every  Sun- 
day. 

The  price  and  size  of  lots  vary,  depending  on  location.     Prices  run  from  30  cts.  to 

42 


570  HISTORY  OP  PEORIA  COtJXTt. 

f>0  cts.  per  square  foot,  which  includes  the  perpetual  care  of  the  lots,  and  is  provided  for 
in  the  deed  or  the  certificate  of  purchase.     There  are  1,050  lots  sold  up  to  this  date. 

The  oflBcers  of  the  association  are  H.  Lightner,  president  ;  I.  S.  Wheeler,  secretarj' ; 
J.  F.  Burckel,  superintendent. 

The  office  is  at  the  residence  of  the  president,  and  a  sub-oflBce  at  the  south  entrance 
of  the  cemetery. 

Peoria  Fair  Association. —  This  association  was  organized  as  a  joint  stock  association 
under  the  State  law,  in  April,  1873,  with  a  capital  stock  of  1(50,000.  The  land  enclosed 
is  nearly  forty  acres,  and  was  fitted  up  and  new  buildings  erected  for  the  State  fairs, 
which  were  held  on  tiie  grounds  in  the  years  1873  and  1874.  Tlie  grounds  were  named 
Jefferson  Park,  and  are  so  known  and  designated.  The  State  fairs  held  here  in  1873 
and  1874  were  among  the  largest  and  most  successful  ever  held  in  the  State.  The  build- 
ings are  large  and  well  adapted  to  the  purposes  of  a  large  exhibition.  The  water  works 
of  the  city  furnish  water  to  all  parts  of  the  grounds.  An  ample  supply  of  water  for  all 
purposes  —  for  man  and  beast — is  therefore  certain  and  can  be  depended  upon.  Sheds, 
stalls  and  pens  are  provided  for  horses,  cattle,  sheep  and  swine,  and  a  large  building  de- 
voted to  fine  poultry.  The  grounds  can  be  reached  by  two  steam  railroads  and  two 
horse  railroads.  The  officers  of  the  Peoria  Fair  Association  are :  li.  H.  Whiting,  presi- 
dent ;  Nelson  Burnham,  vice  president ;  Washington  Cockle,  treasurer  ;  Roswell  Bills, 
secretary.  The  Fair  Association  have  expended  over  $75,000  for  land,  buildings,  track 
and  other  improvements,  and  fairs  have  been  held  on  the  grounds  eacli  year  since  1873. 
Previous  to  that  time,  the  fairs  of  Peoria  county  were  held  on  the  old  Fair  Grounds,  on 
the  hill  some  two  miles  from  the  city.  Tiiese  grounds  were  owned  by  the  county,  and 
the  fairs  were  managed  by  directors  chosen  from  each  township  in  the  county.  The 
grounds  were  too  small  and  too  far  from  the  city,  and  not  accessible  by  railroad. 

CITY  PARKS. 

Peoria  has  no  public,  but  several  parks  which  are  centers  of  attraction  and  resort 
for  thousands  bj'  carriages  and  street  cars  in  the  pleasant  seasons.  Jefferson  and  Central 
parks  are  situated  in  the  upper  end  of  the  citj-  at  the  terminus  of  the  Adams  Street 
horse  railway  line,  about  two  miles  above  Main  Street.  Jefferson  Park  embraces  about 
fort}-  acres,  and  is  the  property'  of  the  Peoria  Fair  Association,  by  whom  it  was  pur- 
chased and  fitted  up  for  fair  purposes  in  1873.  The  grounds,  considerably  elevated  above 
the  river  level,  present  an  undulating  surface,  furnishing  good  natural  drainage  and 
pleasing  appearance,  and  are  amply  shaded  by  native  forest  trees. 

Central  Park  contains  ten  to  twelve  acres,  adjoining  Jefferson  on  tlie  city  side,  and 
is  owned  by  the  Central  City  Horse  Railway  Company.  Besides  its  well  shaded  acres, 
supplied  at  frequent  intervals  with  rustic  seats,  this  park  contains  the  artesian  well, 
whose  mineral  watei-s  sui)ply  a  neatly  ecjuiiJiied  bathing  establishment  and  swimming  pool 
whjch  are  much  enjoyed  by  the  populace  during  the  warm  months. 

Spring  Hill  Park  is  also  located  in  the  north  part  of  the  city  at  the  base  of  the 
bluff,  near  the  Fort  Clark  horse  railroad.  Col.  Cliarles  H.  Deane  began  improving  the 
land,  which  consists  of  five  acres,  in  1875,  and  expended  several  thousand  dollars  in 
sinking  an  artesian  well,  building  liath  and  swimming  park,  and  supplying 
other  pleasurable  features  to  the  place.      It   is  now  the  property  of  J.  Hogan. 

Germania  Park  is  situated  in  Birket's  Hollow,  on  tlie  Fort  Clark  lioi-se  railroad,  is 
provided  with  a  band  tf)wer,  rustic  seats  and  an  abundance  of  native  shade. 

The  State  House  Sijuare  is  situated  between  Third  and  Fifth  Streets  and  blocks  50 
and  05,  in  Munson  and  Sanford's  addition  ;  and  was  donated  by  them  to  the  city.  The 
city  has  improved  it  with  walks  and  fountain  and  rockwork,  and  interspersed  the  well- 
set  lawn  with  a  limited  nuinber  of  seats  and   shaile  trees. 

Morton  Park  is  bounded  by  Monroe,  Perry,  Morgan  and  Evans  Streets,  and   lies  iu 


HISTORY  OP  PEORIA  COU^TY.  571 

Morton,  Voris  and  Laveille's  addition  to  Peoria.  The  laud  was  originally  conveyed  by 
George  Morton  to  Mrs.  Mary  M.  Clark,  for  her  life  time,  and  at  her  death  to  go  the 
title  fn  fee  to  vest  in  George  and  Mary  Helen  Morton,  or  their  survivor,  or  in  case  they 
died  without  issue  to  go  to  the  city  of  Peoria  for  the  benefit  of  orjjhan  children.  Mrs. 
Mary  M.  Clark  conveyed  her  interest  to  the  city,  and  it  is  understood  ttiat  Jacob  Durst 
has  purchased  the  interest  of  one  of  the  said  children.  The  city  controls  it  and  has  im- 
proved it  with  walks  and  fountain  and  the  planting  of  numerous  deciduous  trees  about 
the  lawn. 

ARTESIAN   WELLS. 

Within  the  past  decade  several  artesian  wells  have  been  bored  in  the  city  of  Peoria, 
with  uniformly  satisfactory  results.  An  abundant  flow  of  water  has  been  reached  at 
depths  varying  from  865  to  912  feet. 

Spring  Hill  artesian  well  —  the  first — was  sunk  early  in  the  year  1875,  by  Colonel 
Charles  H.  Deane,  at  a  cost  of  $2,500.  It  is  875  feet  deep,  and  throws  150  gallons  of 
water  per  minute,  by  actual  measurement. 

The  well  at  Central  Park  was  sunk  by  the  Central  City  Horse  Railroad  Company 
later  in  1875,  and  is  865  feet  in  depth.  A  vein  of  strongly  saline  water  was  struck  at 
the  depth  of  320  feet.  The  water  flows  from  the  five-inch  pipe  with  great  force,  form- 
ing quite  a  large  brook  as  it  runs  from  the  fountain  to  the  bath  house  and  swimming 
park,  and  thence  away  toward  the  Illinois  river.     The  cost  of  this  well  was  $2,750. 

The  Pulsifer  well,  as  takes  its  name  from  Sidney  Pulsifer,  who  had  it  bored  in  the 
Spring  of  1876,  at  the  foot  of  the  bluff  between  Main  and  Hamilton  Streets.  It  is  the 
deepest  well  in  the  city,  being  912  feet,  and  from  a  four-inch  delivery  pipe  throws  105 
gallons,  or  fifteen  and  a  half  cubic  feet  of  water  per  minute.  The  well  is  now  the  prop- 
erty of  Dr.  J.  P.  Johnson,  who  purchased  it  from  Mr.  Pulsifer,  in  January,  1879,  and 
has  erected  a  public  bathing  house  and  invalids'  hotel,  with  a  fine  swimming  park  at- 
tached. The  place,  when  the  projected  improvements  are  completed,  will  be  an  attract- 
ive resort  for  both  the  sick  and  those  who  would  ward  off  disease  by  that  physical  condi- 
tion nearest  akin  to  godliness. 

In  1877  Mr.  Thomas  Neill  had  an  artesian  well  bored  at  the  stock  yards,  in  the 
lower  end  of  the  city,  for  the  purpose  of  obtaining  a  supply  of  water  for  the  yards.  At 
a  depth  of  860  feet  the  water  rose  to  the  surface  with  tremendous  force,  sufficient,  when 
a  hose  and  nozzle  is  attached  to  the  five  and  a  half  inch  delivery  pipe,  to  throw  water 
above  the  tops  of  the  highest  buildings  in  the  neighborhood.  It  furnishes  much  more 
water  than  is  needed  for  the  yards  and  cattle  pens. 

The  water  from  all  these  wells  is  very  similar  in  chemical  composition,  and  it  holds 
a  large  per  cent,  of  mineral  matter  in  solution,  the  principal  of  which  are  chloride  of 
sodium,  chlorate  of  potassa,  carbonate  of  lime  and  carbonate  magnesia.  It  is  rather 
strongly  charged  with  sulphuretted  hydrogen  gas,  which,  however,  is  gradually  growing 
weaker  year  by  year.  The  temperature  of  the  water  as  it  flows  from  the  pipes  is  65  de- 
grees Fahrenheit.  That  this  water  possesses  properties  which  render  it  valuable  as  a 
sanitary  and  medicinal  agent  has  been  thoroughly  demonstrated  in  the  experience  of  nu- 
merous citizens  of  dyspeptic  tendency,  and  tiiose  afflicted  with  derangements  of  the  ex- 
cretory organs.  Thousands  of  persons  who  have  enjoyed  the  luxury  of  the  baths  —  for 
which  there  are  ample  provisions  at  each  of  the  first  three  named  wells  —  pronounce  the 
effect  very  refreshing  and  invigorating,  leaving  the  skin  peculiarly  soft  and  velvety  to 
the  touch. 

BRIDGES 

The  Peoria  Bridge  Association  was  organized  in  1847,  for  the  purpose  of  construct- 
ing a  toll  bridge  across  the  Illinois  river  at  Peoria,  at  the  foot  of  Peoria  Lake.  The 
bridge  was  begun  in  May,  1848,  and  completed  in  November,  1849,  at  a  cost  of  about 


572  HISTORY  OF  PEORIA  COUNTY. 

$33,000.  It  is  built  upon  five  stone  piers,  and,  including  the  trestle-work  on  the  Tazewell 
county  side,  is  2,600  feet  long,  and  has  a  draw,  for  vessels  to  pass,  of  -92  feet.  The 
Spring  before  the  bridge  was  finished  the  highest  freshet  ever  known  on  the  river  oc- 
curred—  the  water  being  up  to  the  sidewalk  at  the  corner  of  Main  and  Water  Streets  — 
and  the  structure  was  damaged  several  thousand  dollars.  In  ISoG  $10,000  were  ex- 
pended in  repairs  on  the  bridge.  Previous  to  the  erection  of  the  bridge  the  only  means 
of  communication  from  the  opposite  side  of  the  river  was  by  ferry  boat,  the  receipts  of 
which  amounted  to  $1,000  the  month  before  the  bridge  was  opened.  For  the  first  nine 
months  after  it  was  opened  to  travel,  the  tolls  averaged  $550  per  month.     The  tolls  now 

run per  month.     Peoria  needs  a  first-class  free  bridge  b}-  which  the  people  from  the 

counties  on  the  east,  side  of  the  Illinois  can  avail  themselves  of  her  commercial 
advantages. 

There  are  also  two  railroad  bridges  spanning  the  Illinois  river  at  Peoria,  the  bridge 
of  theToledo,  Peoria  &  Warsaw,  at  the  same  place  as  the  wagon  bridge,  and  one  owned  by 
the  Peoria  and  Springfield  Company,  at  the  crossing  of  that  line  below  the  stock  yards. 
They  are  both  substantial  iron  structures  erected  ten  years  ago ;  the  former  replaced  a 
wooden  bridge,  built  when  the  road  was  being  constructed. 


CHAPTER    XVIII.-TOAVNSHIP    HISTORIES. 

AKRON  TOWNSHIP 

is  one  of  the  northern  tier  of  townships  bordering  on  Marshall  county,  was  originally  all 
prairie;  is  one  of  the  prettiest  and  most  fertile  tracts  of  land,  and  cont  lins  some  of  the 
finest  farm  improvements  in  Peoria  county.  There  is  no  incorporated  town  in  tlie  town- 
ship. The  village  of  Princeville  lies  on  its  western  border  and  the  hamlet  and  post  oflSce 
of  West  Hallock  on  the  eastern  line,  and  Akron  post  ofBce  is  near  the  center  of  the 
township.  The  soil  is  admirnbly  adapted  to  grain-growing  and  grazing,  especiall}'  to  the 
production  of  Indian  corn.     Its  inhabitants  are  intelligent  and  prosperous. 

The  first  settler  of  Akron  township  wiis  Hugli  Alontgoniery,  who  located  on  section 
7  in  18:!1.  The  same  year  D.  Prince  and  James  Morrow  settled  on  section  'M,  and 
Thomas  Morrow  on  section  l8.  The  first  marriage  took  [place  in  1838,  when  William 
Morrow  was  united  with  Miss  Martha  White.  The  first  birth  was  Jane,  daughter  of 
Danifil  and  Elizabeth  Prince,  in  February,  1832.  The  first  death  in  the  tcnvnship  was 
that  of  Samuel  Morrow,  infant  son  of  William  Morrow,  in  1835.  Tiie  first  sermon 
preached  was  by  the  Kev.  Mr.  Hill,  a  Methodist  preacher,  at  the  residence  of  James 
Morrow,  in  1832.  Tlie  first  scliool  house  was  built  on  .-iection  10,  in  1836.  The  school 
was  taught  by  Miss  Hester  Stoddard  in  that  year.  The  first  church  edifice  was  built  by 
the  Seventh-day  Baptists  in  1871,  and  was  dedicated  by  the  Rev.  Nathan  Wardner. 
The  first  justice  of  the  peace  was  Benjamin  Slane,  who  was  also  the  first  supervisor.  The 
Rock  Island  and  Peoria  Railroad  runs  tiirough  the  southwest  corner. 

West  Halleek  Cheese  F'actory  was  organized  February,  1876,  the  company  composed 
of  G.  W.  Butts,  William  Spiccr,  and  K.  W.  Burdcck.  Make  cheese  five  days  in  the  week, 
and  make  about  11,000  pouuds  per  month.  One  day  of  the  week  (Saturday)  make  butter, 
and  average  300  pounds  per  day.     The  cost  of  their  present  factory  is  about  $3,500. 


BRIMFIELD   TOWNSHIP. 

The  town  of  Charleston,  now  Brimtield,  Peoria  county,  Illinois,  was  surveyed  and 
laid  out  in  the  year  1835,  on  the  N.  W.  quarter  of  section  24,  in  township  10,  north 
of  range  5,  E.  4th,  p.  m.      The  proprietors  were  Jacob  Showalter    and    Almon    Clark_ 


HISTORY   OF   PEORIA  COUNTY.  573 

Previous  to  the  lavins;  out  of  tlie  town  a  number  of  pioneers  had  located  in  the  vicinit3^ 
Among  them  Philip  Atlvinson,  supposed  to  have  been  the  first  settler  in  the  town- 
ship. On  section  10  N.  of  range  6,  were  Asahel  and  Roswell  Walker,  James  Adams,  and 
Daniel  and  A.  W.  Harkness.  The  first  house  in  Charleston  was  built  of  logs,  on  the 
northwest  corner  of  Knoxville  and  Galena  Avenues,  by  A.  Woniger,  in  1836,  who 
opened  a  grocery  store  in  tlie  room  below,  and  made  his  residence  in  the  room  above. 
The  same  year  Jacob  Vanhouton,  who  was  the  first  postmaster,  built  a  log  house  on  the 
northwest  corner  of  Knoxville  Avenue  and  Washington  Street,  better  known  as  the  old 
Wolcott  house.  In  the  township  and  vicinitj'  many  new  settlers  arrived  in  that  year, 
among  them  were  John  F.  and  N.  H.  Wiley,  Levi  Jennings,  L.  L.  Booth,  John  Tucker, 
Isaac  Cutter,  T.  N.  Wells,  Daniel  Simmons,  Isaac  Harrison,  and  L.  L.  Guyor,  who  suc- 
ceeded Jacob  Vanhouton  as  postmaster,  and  in  the  following  year  built  a  log  house  on 
lot  7  in  block  17,  in  which  lie  opened  a  general  store  for  supplying  tlie  inhabitants  of 
the  surrounding  country  with  dry  goods,  groceries,  etc.,  keeping  bachelor's  hall  in  the 
upper  room,  which  was  freely  thrown  open  for  preaching  the  gospel  to  any  pioneer 
minister  who  might  travel  on  the  circuit.  Those  who  settled  in  the  west  half  of  town- 
ship 10,  north  of  range  6,  east  (now  Jubilee)  in  1836,  were  the  Powells,  the  Sniders, 
Shanes,  James  Berrian,  the  Martins,  the  Johnsons,  and  William  Camphor,  who  was 
subsequently  elected  to  represent  Peoria  county  in  the  legislature,  Daniel  Stansburry, 
now  living  in  Brimfield,  at  the  age  of  88  years;  also  Jacob  Wells,  who  started  the  first 
blacksmith  shop  and  opened  the  first  coal  bank  in  the  vicinity,  being  on  the  northwest 
quarter  of  section  18. 

The  first  settlers  had  to  obtain  their  mail  from  Peoria.  The  first  mail  to  Charleston 
was  carried  on  horseback.  The  first  line  of  mail  coaches  was  started  from  Peoria  to 
Oquawka,  early  in  the  year  of  1838. 

The  first  election  in  the  precinct  was  held  at  the  house  of  Isaac  Cutter,  when  Clark 
D.  Powellwas  elected  justice  of  the  peace,  and  Samuel  Johnson,  constable. 

The  first  preaching  in  the  township  was  at  the  house  of  Isaac  Cutter,  by  Rev. 
Zaccheus  Hall,  a  Methodist  minister.  Rev.  Geo.  G.  Sill,  was  the  first  Presbyterian  min- 
ister, and  preached  occasionally  at  L.  L.  Guyer's  store,  in  1838.  The  late  Bishop  Chase, 
of  Jubilee  College,  also  preached  there  a  few  times. 

The  year  1838  marked  quite  an  era  to  the  new  town  in  respects  to  improvements 
and  increase  of  population.  James  Wollcott  and  family,  comprising  eight  in  number, 
came  from  the  East  purchased  and  occupied  the  Vanhouten  House  ;  Daniel  Belcher  built 
the  two  story  frame  house  for  a  tavern,  on  the  northwest  corner  of  Knoxville  Ave.  and 
Washington  Street ;  A.  S.  W.  Goodwin  and  Daniel  Caldwell,  who  built  a  log-house  on 
lot  8  in  block  16  ;  Wm.  Tobey,  who  was  subsequently  the  manufacturer  of  the  cele- 
brated Tobey  &  Anderson  plow,  at  Peoria ;  also  came  Dr.  Prouty,  John  Towell,  John 
Shores  and  E.  Haywood,  making  an  additional  population  for  that  year,  of  thirty-three 
persons  in  the  town.  Those  who  settled  in  the  vicinity  were  Alpheus  Willard,  David 
Sanborn,  James  M.  Wiley,  Bradford  Hall,  George  H.  and  Samuel  W.  Pulsifer,  Luther 
and  Gilbert  Hathaway,  Washington  Cockle,  Noah  Alden,  Sr.,  Noah  Alden,  Jr.,  and 
Hiram  Alden ;  Noah  Alden,  Sr.,  died  a  few  years  since  at  the  advanced  age  of  ninety- 
eight. 

The  first  fourth  of  July  celebration  in  the  new  town  was  in  the  same  year,  and  parti- 
cipated in  by  most  of  the  inliabitants  of  the  town  neighborhood.  The  Declaration  of  Inde- 
pendence was  read  by  A.  S.  W.  Goodwin,  and  an  ode  composed  by  Miss  Lucretia  Wolcott, 
for  the  Sixty-Second  Anniversary  of  American  Independence,  and  was  sung  by  herself 
and  others. 

Polluted  never  be  thy  shrine, 
May  love's  bright  halo  round  thee  shine, 
And  unity  and  peace  divine, 
Forever  dwell  with  thee. 


574  HISTORY   OF   PEORIA   COUNTY 

In  1830,  the  Hon.  Wm.  Thompson  witli  his  wife  and  two  (laup;hters  removed  from 
Northampton,  Mass..  to  Peoria  county.  He  was  born  in  Brimfield  Mass.,  on  the  23d 
day  of  Fel)ruary,  1786.  Throu;.;li  a  long  life  Mr.  Thompson  enjoyed  the  esteem  and  con- 
fidence of  all  classes  of  the  community.  For  four  yeai-s  he  was  a  member  of  the  Senate 
of  Illinois,  also  a  member  of  the  convention  to  alter  the  constitution  of  the  State  in  1^47. 
He  died  at  Brimfield  on  the  24th  d.ay  of  February,  18o0,  aged  64.  He  married  Miss 
Eliza  S.  White  of  Chesterfield,  Mass.,  who  survived  her  husband  twenty-seven  years. 

The  first  school-house  wiis  built  in  1839.  The  first  teacher  was  Miss  Ellen  Bartlett, 
of  Peoria.     Among  the  arrivals  this  year  was  Chas.  H.  Freeman  and  Capt.  Fisher. 

The  first  marriage  in  town  was  Mr.  L.  L.  Guyer  and  Miss  Elvira  M.  Wiley,  and 
Rev.  George  Wilkison  performed  the  ceremony. 

In  1842,  Wm.  W.  Thompson  was  elected  to  the  Legislature  of  Illinois  for  the  session  of 
1S42— 3,  and  succeeded  in  getting  the  name  of  Charleston  changed  to  that  of  Brimfield, 
a  change  had  become  necessary  on  account  of  two  other  towns  in  the  State  having  the 
same  name,  one  being  the  countjseat  of  Coles  county,  which  claimed  precedence.  There 
was  some  dissatisfaction  with  the  change,  some  wanted  it  called  Wolcottsville  and  others 
Guyersburg  ;  but  the  town  was  to  be  known  as  Brimfield,  not  such  a  bad  or  disagreeable 
name  after  all  for  a  town  with  a  territory  so  famous  for  its  fertility  of  soil  and  salubrity 
of  climate,  the  brimfulness  of  its  barns  and  corn  cribs  with  each  retiring  j'ear,  gathered 
from  its  extensive  and  teaming  fields. 

In  the  year  1849,  township  organization  was  adopted  Ijy  Peoria  county,  so  that  each 
congressional  townsliip  had  jurisdiction  only  within  its  own  boundary  lines,  and  the  west 
half  of  10,  north  range  6  east  (now  Jubilee)  ceased  to  be  a  part  of  Brimfield  election 
precints,  and  tiiis  township  was  named  Brimfield  after  the  chief  town.  From  the  year 
18.")0  to  1860  the  town  and  neighborhood  had  a  very  considerable  accession  to  its  inhabi- 
tants. 

A  branch  of  the  C,  B.  &  Q.  railroad  passes  through  the  east  side  of  Brimfield  town- 
ship and  the  town  of  Brimfield.  It  is  a  place  of  about  eight  hundrt'd  inhabitants,  and 
contains  a  number  of  prosperous  business  houses  in  different  lines  of  tiadc,  ](romincnt 
among  which  are  C.  B.  it  E.  K.  Hayes,  in  dry  goods  ;  Wesley  Stain  and  W.  Cowls,  in 
groceries;  J.  P.  &  B.  B.  Bowman,  in  hardware  ;  Wm.  Robinson,  in  drugs;  F.  P.  Wiley, 
in  jewelry,  wall-paper,  etc.;  F.  H.  Camp,  in  furniture.  Daniel  Belcher  is  proprietor  of 
the  Brimfu'ld  House,  one  of  the  l)est  managed  and  popular  country  hotels  in  the  county. 

liiiptint  Church  of  lirimfieJd. — Was  organized  on  Saturday,  IMay  4,18.")0,  pursuant  to 
the  recommendation  of  a  council  of  ministers  and  members  of  the  neighboring  BajUist 
Churches,  which  convened  here  on  the  same  day.  The  constituent  membci-s  were  nine 
in  number,  named  as  follows :  Eli  Bailey  an<l  Elizabeth  Bailey,  Dorothy  Getty,  Debo- 
rah Alden,  Elizalxth  J.  Aiken,  Eiizalietli  Layman,  by  letter;  and  k.  E.  Martin,  A. 
Taylor  anil  Matilda  Taylor  by  profession.  On  Sunday,  the  day  following,  five  persons 
were  received  by  iiaptism,  i)('ing  baptized  by  Elder  Simt'on  («.  ^liner,  of  Canton.  'I'hey 
were  :  Lewis  Atkinson,  Eddy  Baker,  Eliza  Baker,  Mrs.  Margaret  Martin  and  Miss  Jane 
Layman.  The  above  fourteen  composed  the  whole  number  of  the  church  when  it  was 
received  into  the  Illinois  River  Association,  which  met  in  Peoria,  June,  ISfiO.  Lewis 
Atkinson,  who  had  formerly  been  a  Methodist  preacher,  was  the  first  pastor  of  the  church  ; 
F.ldcr  Bailey,  its  first  deacon,  and  Adnnijali  Taylor,  its  first  clerk,  all  of  whom  were 
elected  at  the  organization  of  the  church.  L.  .\tkinson  served  as  the  first  licentiati-,  ami 
was  regularly  ordained  in  July,  lyfjO.  The  number  of  members  in  ISol,  as  reported, 
was  eighteen. 

Early  in  the  year  18.')2,  the  church  resolved  to  erect  a  house  of  worship.  Five  trus- 
tees were  (dected,  a  building  committee  was  chosen,  and  most  of  the  timber  delivered  on 
the  ground  that  Spring.  During  that  conference  year  ten  members  were  added  to  the 
society.     The  frame  of  the  building  wius  raised    in    August,  38xti0   feet   in   size,  and  wius 


HISTORY   OF   PEORIA   COUNTY  575 

finished  in  1854,  at  a  cost  of  fo,000.      The  church  increased  in  1853  to  thirty-five  mem- 
bers.     In  February,  1854,  Rev.   E.  N.  Jencks  was  called,  and   entered    upon   pastora 
duties  April  1,  following.       The  church  now  numbers  eighty-five  members.     G.  Hatha- 
way, J.  B.  Slocum  and  W.  A.  Arnold  are  deacons,  and  Geo.  M.  Day,  clerk.     Rev.  H.  G. 
James  is  serving  it  as  pastor.       The  society  sustains  a  flourishing  Sunday  school  of  sixty 
scholars,  superintended  by  George  M.  Dny. 

Catholic  Church,  Brimfield. — Previous  to  1840,  but  few  Catholics  lived  in  the  vicinity 
of  Brimfield,  and  those  few  lived  in  sod  houses.  Others  soon  followed  the  pioneers, 
bringing  some  means  with  them,  and  erected  better  dwellings.  They  were  first  visited 
bj'  Rev.  Rauh  and  Rev.  Ros(5ti,  in  succession,  from  Peru,  111.;  then  by  Father  Brody,  Father 
Doyle,  and  Father  Drew,  stationed  at  Peoria.  Until  1852,  divine  services  were  held  in  sev- 
eral private  houses.  In  1852  the  Catholics  had  increased  to  about  thirty-five.  They  con- 
cluded to  erect  an  edifice  for  divine  worship  at  Alec  McDonald's  place  in  Scotland  Prairie, 
but  by  tlie  advice  of  Rev.  Father  Brady,  changed  their  purpose  and  built  a  little  church 
at  Brimfield,  22xo6  feet.  Rev.  Father  Bi-ady  being  the  first  priest  who  offered  up  in  it 
the  sacrifice  of  the  Holy  Mass.  In  1864,  Rev.  Theodore  Vanderpoel  attending,  an  addi- 
tion 22x36  feet  was  built.  January  13,  1867,  he  was  succeeded  by  Rev.  M.  Lyon.  April 
15,  1877,  Rev.  Jeremiah  Murphy  took  charge  of  the  mission,  and  at  this  time  the  Catho- 
lics bought  a  parsonage  for  $1,600,  Rev.  J.  Murphy  being  the  first  residing  pastor.  April 
22,  1868,  Rev.  Max  Albrecht  became  pastor.  He  vacated  the  mission  for  Father  Charles 
Wensserski,  June  29,  1873.  Rev.  William  Kuchenbuch  was  appointed  his  successor  by 
the  Rt.  Rev.  J.  L.  Spaulding,  of  Peoria,  Sept.  15,  1877.  The  Catholics  of  Brimfield  and 
vicinity  number  at  present  about  eighty  families. 

Congregational  Church. —  The  first  Congregational  Church  of  Chi'ist  in  Brimfield  was 
organized  on  the  29th  day  of  March,  1847,  Revs.  J.  Blanchard,  then  president  of  Knox 
College,  and  Milo  N.  Miles,  then  of  Newburg,  officiating.  On  that  day  the  following  six 
named  persons  entered  into  church  covenant :  Bradford  Hall,  Catherine  Hall,  Margaret 
Cummings,  Julia  Ann  .Jones,  James  Delano  and  Elizabeth  Delano.  At  their  next  meet- 
ing, April  10,  1847,  they  adopted  the  faith.  On  that  day  there  united  with  the  infant 
church,  by  letter  :  Freeman  Miles,  Maria  P.  Miles,  Adeline  Stone,  Margaret  S.  Wiley, 
and  Pennal  Richtdmeyer  ;  soon  after,  on  profession  of  faith,  J.  M.  Wiley  and  Lavina 
Richtdmeyer.  Of  the  thirteen  who  constituted  the  church  thirty-three  years  ago,  nine 
are  still  living.  The  infant  church  had  no  where  to  lay  its  head,  and  took  refuge  foi  two 
years  in  the  old  school-house  which  stood  on  the  spot  now  occupied  by  the  homestead  of 
Mr.  Kellogg.  Then  for  a  couple  of  years  its  occasional  gatherings  were  held  in  the  build- 
ing owned  by  our  Methodist  friends  From  1847  to  1850  the  church  was  served  at  in-egu- 
lar  intervals  by  President  Blanchard,  Milo  N.  Miles,  Geo.  Sill,  and  others.  With  joy 
and  alacrity  the  people  gathered  by  the  wagon  loads  in  the  old  school-house  to  a  meeting 
by  candle  light  or  a  Sabbath  service.  From  1850  to  1852,  Revs.  John  Somers  and  L.  H. 
Parker,  of  Galesburg,  supplied  the  pulpit,  and  held  a  series  of  meetings,  which  resulted 
in  great  good  to  many. 

In  July,  1853,  J.  E.  Roy  was  invited  to  the  pastorate,  and  was  ordained  by  coun- 
cil—  the  only  council  ever  called  by  this  church  —  on  the  25th  day  of  October,  1853.  Up 
to  this  time  the  young  church  had  been  homeless.  In  June,  1851,  Bradford  Hall  and  M. 
D.  Billings  were  chosen  to  go  to  Fremont  and  procure  plans  for  a  building.  In  this  year 
the  stone  for  the  foundation  was  furnished  by  Edward  Hay  ward.  In  1853  the  frame  was 
put  up  by  D.  B.  Jones  and  A.  G.  Stone.  The  building  was  finished  and  dedicated  some 
time  in  1854 ;  the  dedication  being  preached  by  Rev.  J.  E.  Roy.  The  cost  of  the  build- 
ing was  about  i}!2,400,  and  nearly  all  was  raised  in  Brimfield,  by  economy  and  self- 
denial. 

In  March,  1855,  a  parsonage  was  provided,  at  a  cost  of  $800,  which  has  been  used  by 
the  successive  ministers  of  this  church  for  nearly  twenty-four  years.     Since  1855,  the 


576  HISTORY   OF   PEORIA  COUNTY. 

pulpit  has  been  supplied  by  several  different  preachers.  Tlie  Rev.  W.  H.  Cobb  was 
called  in  1><.".7:  Rev.  M.  \V.  Fairfield  in  ISr.S  ;  Rev.  James  Vincent  in  18r)9  ;  Rev.  L. 
Benedict  until  lst!4.  In  iMG;",,  Rev.  I.  W.  Athertou  had  charge  ;  in  186(3,  C.  E.  Leach; 
in  1869,  A.  J.  Drake,  and  remained  for  three  years.  Rev.  Mr.  Wakefield  supplied  the 
church  the  first  half  of  1878.  In  December,  1873,  A.  J.  Marshall  was  called.  He  closed 
very  acceptable  labors  in  1874.  October  10,  1875,  Rev.  H.  P.  Chase  was  called.  The 
church  prospered,  and  in  two  and  a  half  years  thirty-ei^'ht  were  welcomed  into  the 
church.  Despite  this  very  l)roken  pastoral  care,  this  church  has  prospered.  Organized 
with  thirteen  members,  it  increased  slowly  to  thirty  members  at  the  end  of  three  years. 
The  next  ten  years,  from  1850  to  18G0,  was  a  period  of  decided  growth,  gaining  178 
members  during  that  time.  From  '60  to  '70  it  received  but  forty-three.  The  sum  total 
received  into  the  church  for  thirty-one  years  was  819. 

The  first  trustees  on  record  are  :  Bradford  Hall,  J.  M.  WiKy,  and  Freeman  Miles ; 
clerk,  J.  M.  Wiley  ;  deacons,  Bradford  Hall  and  J.  P.  Bowman.  The  present  member- 
ship is  100. 

Methodist  Episcopal  Church.  —  The  Rev.  Zaccheus  Hall  organized  the  first  class  in 
this  village  Nov.  1,  1836.  He  was  the  first  Methodist  preacher  that  held  meetings  in  the 
place.  The  class  was  formed  at  the  house  of  Jacob  Snider,  and  consisted  of  the  follow- 
ing members:  Jacob  Snider,  Catherine  Snider,  Samuel  Snider,  L.  L.  Guyer.  Martha 
Johnston,  Margaret  Johnston,  Calharine  Johnston,  David  Stansbeny,  Susannah  Stans- 
berry,  Susan  Stansberr\%  Ephraim  Hoyt,  Francis  J.  Hoyt,  Isaac  Harrison,  Sarah  Har- 
rison, Eliza  Martin,  Susannah  Wills,  Benj.  F.  Berry  and  Polly  W.  Berry.  Samuel 
Snider  was  chosen  leader  of  the  class.  Brother  Hall  preached  every  four  weeks ;  had 
twenty-eight  appointments  on  his  circuit,  traveling  about  300  miles.  This  was  called 
the  Kickapoo  Mission,  the  district  embracing  the  entire  nortii  part  of  the  State. 

In  the  Fall  of  1837  the  Illinois  Conference  held  its  annual  session,  and  John  St. 
Clair  was  returned  as  presiding  elder  of  this  district.  The  name  of  this  mission  was 
changed  from  Kickapoo  to  Wyoming;  and  John  Johnston  was  sent  as  "circuit  rider." 
The  pulpit  was  supplied  by  local  preachers  a  part  of  the  time.  In  the  Fall  of  1838  the 
conference  sent  S.  W.  D.  Chase  as  presiding  elder  to  this  district,  and  this  work  was 
changed  from  Wyoming  Mission  to  Peoria  Circuit.  The  Rev.  Jolui  Brown  sup])lied  the 
pulpit  with  the  aid  of  the  local  preachers.  The  preachers  had  to  travel  over  more  terri- 
tory then  than  the  presiding  elders  do  now,  and  their  pay  was  from  $60  to  $100  per 
year. 

The  Spring  of  the  same  year  Mr.  Guyer  organized  the  first  Sunday  school  that  was 
established  here,  and  probably  the  only  one  between  Peoria  and  Burlington,  Iowa.  The 
same  year  the  Rev.  Bisliop  Chase  of  the  Episcopal  Ciiureli,  and  founder  of  Kenyon  Col- 
lege in  Ohio ;  also  the  founder  of  Jubilee  College  of  Kickapoo  township,  commenced 
preaching  in  tliis  place  and  continued  until  1845,  when  they  built  a  church  here. 

In  the  Fall  of  1839  the  name  of  the  district  was  again  changed  to  Knoxville  di.strict, 
and  two  prea(;hers  were  sent  to  the  Petuia  circuit.  According  to  the  custom  of  the 
M.  E.  (^hurch,  each  year,  or  every  two  years  witnessed  a  change  in  the  ministers.  In 
the  Winter  of  1846-7  a  religious  revival  was  exjierienced,  resulting  in  a  large  addition 
to  the  church.  The  corner  stone  of  a  new  church  edifice  was  laid  by  Rev.  A.  E.  Phelps 
in  August,  1848,  and  the  following  year  the  structure  was  finished  and  paid  for.  It  was 
of  brick,  28x44  feet,  ami  well  finished  and  seated,  forming  a  pleiusant  contrast  with  the 
log  houses  and  barns  in  which  the  society  had  previously  worshiped.  The  same  year 
the  name  of  the  circuit  was  changed  from  Peoria  to  Brimfield. 

I'resbytirian  Church  of  lirimfuUl.  —  The  committee  appointed  by  the  Presbytery  of 
Peoria,  to  organize  a  Presbyterian  Church  at  Brimfield,  met  in  the  Town  Hall  on  the 
17th  day  of  May,  1870.  After  a  .sermon  by  Rev.  J.  II.  Smith,  of  Yates  City,  an  election 
was  held  to  elect  ruliny  ciders.     William  Johnson  and  George  PurscU  were  chosen.   Mr. 


HISTORY  OF  PEORIA  COUNTY.  577 

Piirsell  declining  to  accept  the  office  at  that  time,  the  committee  proceeded  to  install  Mr. 
Johnson,  who  had  formerl_y  been  ordained  a  ruling  elder.  The  original  members  were 
Mrs.  Jane  Darr,  Sarah  J.  Pursell,  Martha  J.  Rusk,  Belle  Moore,  Laura  Frazier,  Elizabeth 
Martin,  Elizabeth  Johnson,  George  S.  Pursell,  Samuel  Mooi-e,  William  Johnson,  James 
Frazier,  Isabell  Martin,  Mary  Walters  and  Matilda  Fisher.  The  committee  was  com- 
posed of  tiie  following  named  gentlemen:  Rev.  J.  H.  Smith,  J.  R.  Reasoner,  John  Cam- 
eron and  Henry  Hervey. 

At  the  session,  June  18,  1870,  Rev.  J.  H.  Smith,  moderator  and  Wm.  Johnson,  elder, 
seven  persons  were  received  into  the  church  by  letter,  and  at  the  session  of  1871  eight 
persons  united  with  the  church. 

The  church  erected  a  place  of  worship  in  the  year  1871,  36x50  feet,  with  an  addition 
of  ten  feet,  costing  $4,000.  The  ciiurch  is  in  a  prosperous  condition  with  a  membership 
of  ninety ;  and  a  Sabbath  school  in  connection  with  an  attendance  of  sevent}',  J.  A. 
Pyle,  superintendent.  Rev.  J.  E.  Carson  is  pastor.  The  ruling  elders  are  G.  S.  Pursell, 
William  Johnson,  A.  Whetzell  and  J.  H.  Pyle.     Clerk  of  session,  J.  H.  Pyle. 

Brimfield  School.  —  The  present  school  building  was  erected  in  the  Stimmer  of  1877. 
The  plans  and  specifications  were  drawn  in  Peoria  by  a  man  by  the  name  of  Quail,  and 
was  contracted  and  built  by  Bryson  &  Silloway.  It  is  a  brick  structure,  two  stories  high  ; 
has  six  apartments,  five  occupied.  The  cost  of  building  and  furnishing  was  $11,000. 
The  j)resent  directors  are  Milton  Duncan,  Dr.  Lowe  and  James  Farnum.  The  principal 
is  R.  Stone  Hill;  assistants,  Frank  E.  Pummer,  Ella  Hall,  Ellen  G.  Slattery  and  Ada 
Hall.  The  school  is  divided  into  five  departments  and  about  fifty  in  a  department, 
making  an  attendance  of  250,  with  good  and  efficient  teachers,  and  is  in  a  prosperous 
condition. 


CHHJJCOTHE  TOWNSHIP. 

This  township  is  triangular  in  shape,  situated  in  the  northeast  corner  of  Peoria 
County,  and  is  composed  of  the  fractional  towns  11  north,  9  east,  and  10  north,  9  east. 
It  contains  thirteen  whole  sections,  and  seven  or  eight  fractional  j^arts  of  sections.  Mar- 
shall county  bounds  it  on  the  north,  the  Illinois  river  on  the  east  and  south,  and  Medina 
and  Hallock  townships  on  the  west.  The  south  end  of  the  township,  comprising  a  part 
of  LaSalle  prairie,  is  but  slightly  undulating,  lies  beautifully,  has  a  soil  composed  of  sand 
and  vegetable  loam,  and  is  well  adapted  to  the  growth  of  the  cereals.  The  north  part, 
which  was  originally  timbered  land,  is  considerably  broken  in  some  portions  by  the 
Senachwine  creek  and  its  branches,  though  there  are  fine  agricultural  lands  inter- 
spersed. 

The  first  white  settler  in  the  township  was  Mahlon  Lupton,  who  located  on  section 
nine,  in  the  Fall  of  1829.  John  Hammett  and  family,  who  came  June  10,  1830,  and 
settled  in  the  same  section,  were  the  next,  followed  soon  after  by  others.  This  township 
contains  the  towns  of  Chillicothe  and  Rome. 

THE   CITY   OF   CHILLICOTHE 

Is  beautifully  situated  on  the  west  bank  of  the  Illinois  river,  eighteen  miles  above  Peoria, 
and  on  the  line  of  the  Bureau  branch  of  Chicago,  Rock  Island  &  Pacific  railroad.  It  was 
settled  in  quite  an  early  day,  and  was  laid  out  as  a  town  in  July,  1836,  b}'  Harrison  H. 
Jameson  and  Joseph  L.  Hart,  on  the  southwest  quarter  of  section  twenty-one,  and  the 
southeast  quarter  of  section  twenty.  The  original  plat  included  thirty-eight  blocks  of 
ten  lots  each,  sixty-six  feet  wide  by  one  hundred  and  sixty-five  feet  deep. 

The  first  cabin  erected  on  the  present  town  site  was  Ijy  Jef.  Hickson,  a  blacksmith, 
some  time  before  the  town  was  laid  out,  and  stood  on  the  bank  of  the  river,  where  he 


.S78  HISTORY   OF   PEORIA   COUNTY. 

also  buill  a  shop  and  pursued  his  trade.  The  second  cabin  Wiis  built  aud  occupied  by 
Esq.  E.  Jones,  now  of  Marshall  county,  iminedi.itely  after  the  town  plat  was  surveyed. 
He  put  a  small  stock  of  goods  in  one  room  of  his  double  log  cabin,  and  was  the  pioneer 
merchant  of  the  place.  Mr.  Jones  was  also  elected  the  first  justice  of  the  peace.  He 
conducted  the  store  for  seven  or  eight  years.  About  18.38,  Mr.  Lehart  came  to  Chilli- 
cothe  ami  erected  a  small  frame  house  of  one  room,  wiiich  his  family  occupied  ;  and  he 
kept  a  store  in  a  cabin  on  Water  Street,  for  several  years,  then  removed  to  Indiana.  In 
18.35,  James  M.  Brown — tiien  a  3'oung  single  man  —  came  from  Ross  county,  (Ihio,  and 
soon  after  built  a  story  and  a  half  frame  house  on  First  Street,  containing  four  rooms  on 
each  floor,  and  opened  a  tavern,  to  which  he  gave  the  euphonious  title  of  "  AnK-rican 
House."  A  part  of  the  old  building  still  stands  on  the  site.  It  was  first  kept  by  William 
Dunlap  —  afterwards  Mr.  Brown's  father-in-law  —  for  aliout  five  years,  during  which  time 
liis  house  was  a  stopping  ])oint  on  the  Pioria  and  Chicago  stage  Jine. 

The  second  tavern  i)uilding  was  erected  by  John  Hayes,  and  stood  opposite  to  Messrs. 
Mathews  &  Holman's  store.  It  was  a  frame  structure  containing  ten  to  fifteen  rooms, 
and  known  as  the  "Chillicothe  House."  Mr.  Hayes  kept  it  for  a  number  of  years.  It 
was  destroyed  by  fire  in  April,  1873. 

The  first  religious  exercises  were  held  by  the  Baptist  people  in  1837,  who,  a  year 
later,  organized  tlie  first  church  in  the  village. 

Tiie  first  school  taught  in  the  village  was  in  liie  Winter  of  1838-9,  and  occupied  a 
vacant  cabin.  In  1845,  a  frame  house  of  one  room  was  built  on  the  public  square,  which 
sufficed  for  school  purposes  until  the  first  part  of  tlie  present  brick  structure  was  erected 
in  1856. 

The  prosperity  of  Chillicothe  h.is  been  somewhat  impeded  by  several  disastrous  fires, 
which  have  at  various  times  destroj'ed  some  of  the  most  valuable  jtroperty  of  the  place. 
In  the  Fall  of  18(34.  tlie  grain  elevator  at  the  depot  burned  ;  in  1869,  Wood  A*  Hosmcr's 
large  steam  mill  and  two  large  warehouses  on  the  river  bank  were  burned  ;  and  in  1873, 
a  large  store  and  several  dwellings  on  the  corner  of  Elm  and  Second  Streets,  went  up  in 
thin  air. 

From  an  early  period  in  its  history  Chillicothe  has  been  prominent  as  a  grain  market. 
John  Alonzo  Moffitt,  built  the  first  grain  warehouse,  in  1847.  The  old  frame  still  stands 
on  the  river  l)anks.  Henry  Truitt  erected  a  grain  warehouse,  at  about  1853  at  a  cost  of 
some  $15,000;  and  forming  a  partnersiiip  with  S.  C.  Jack,  conducted  the  fii-st  legitimate 
grain  trade  of  the  j)lace.  Some  years  later  John  W.  Fuller  succeeded  Mr.  Jack  in  the 
firm,  and  al)out  18t)7,  machinery  and  dumps  were  put  into  the  building.  In  the  Winter 
of  187:'-4,  .Mr.  Fuller  l)ought  Mr.  Tiuitl's  interest,  and  tiie  style  of  the  firm  iias  since 
been  J.  W.  Fuller  &  Co.  In  ls7ti,  Mr.  Fuller  re-built  and  fitted  uj)  tlie  warehouse  with 
the  most  modern  elevator  improvements.  It  has  a  storage  capacity  of  75,000  bushels, 
and  he  has  additional  storage  room  I'or  as  much  more.  Tiiis  firm  iiandles  half  a  million 
busiiels  of  grain  per  year,  about  half  of  wiiicli  finds  a  market  in  I'eoria,  and  lialf  in 
(Chicago. 

Soon  after  the  completion  of  the  Bureau  Valley  railroad  now  the  branch  of  the 
C,  R.  I.  it  P. —  the  railroad  company  built  an  elevator  near  the  depot,  winch  was 
destroyed  liy  fire  in  August,  1S(J4  ;  Ijut  was  re-built  and  filled  with  grain  that  season. 
The  present  imilding  has  a  storage  capacity  of  75,000  bushels  with  all  modern  improve- 
ments. Siiic(!  tile  Spring  of  18(1(1,  C.  \V.  Carroll  S:  Co.  have  controlled  the  grain  traffic 
over  the  road  from  that  point,  and  haiidli-  from  ;i(JO,000  to  400,000  bushels  and  :'>50  cars 
of  live  stock,  pi!r  anmiin.  Besides  the  elevator  room  the  firm  have  crib  storage  room  for 
50,000  bushels  of  ear  corn. 

The  Farmers'  Mill  erected  by  Adam  Petry  and  A.  C.  Thomas,  in  1868,  at  a  cost  of 
$5,000,  containing  three  run  of  l)urrs,  and  a  capacity  for  maiiufarturing  fifty  barrels  of 
flour  per  ilay,  consumes  a  consiilurable  quantity  of  the  grain  grown  in  the  vicinity. 


HISTORY   OF   PEORIA   COUNTY.  579 

In  1873  Chillicothe  adopted  a  city  form  of  government,  previous  to  which  its  rauni- 
cipal  affairs  had  been  controlled  by  a  board  of  five  trustees.  In  April  of  that  year  the 
first  Mayor  and  Board  of  Alderman  were  elected,  consisting  of  the  following  gentlemen: 
Mayor,  Henry  Hosmer ;  aldermen,  William  McLean,  Levi  Booth,  Joseph  Bailey,  William 
H.  Barbour  and  Richard  Hughes.  Wm.  H.  Barbour  was  elected  mayor  in  1875,  Henry 
Truitt  in  1877,  and  in  1879  Mr.  Barbour  was  re-elected  and  now  holds  the  office.  It  is 
now  a  place  of  about  1,200  inhabitants,  and  in  size  and  commercial  importance  is  the 
third  town  in  the  county. 

It  contains  a  bank,  two  dry  goods  houses,  seven  groceries,  two  fine  drug  stores,  one 
farm  macliinery  house,  two  hardware  and  stove  stores,  two  furniture  stores,  two  large 
grain  elevators,  a  lumber  yard,  a  fine  flouring  mill,  a  saw  and  planing  mill,  two  jewelry 
stores,  a  millinery  store,  a  confectionery  and  bakery,  a  real  estate  office,  two  barber  and 
two  butcher  shops,  three  carriage  and  wagon  shops,  three  blacksmith  shops,  one  tailor 
shop,  a  livery  stalile,  a  bowling  alley,  two  hotels  —  the  Woods  Hotel,  C.  Marble,  con- 
taining about  thirty  rooms  and  well  conducted,  and  the  Will  House  about  twenty  rooms. 

Doctors  A.  Wilmot,  J.  O.  Tomlinson,  J.  F.  Thomas,  C.  C.  Allen,  Mrs.  E.  Moffitt 
and  O.  F.  Thomas  are  active  in  the  medical  profession.  Societies  of  the  place  are  A.  F. 
&  A.  M.,  I.  0.  O.  F.,  and  Temperance  Reform  Clubs.  The  bank  does  a  heavy  business, 
and  the  dry  goods  house  of  Mathews  &  Holman  is  the  most  extensive  in  the  county  out- 
side of  Peoria ;  some  of  the  grocery  houses  would  be  a  credit  to  a  city  of  5,000. 

Tiie  public  square,  occupying  a  block  near  the  center  of  the  city,  has  recently  been 
nicely  improved,  planted  to  deciduous  and  evergreen  trees,  and  will  in  a  few  years  be  an 
attractive  ornament  to  the  place. 

CHURCHES. 

The  Baptist  Church,  of  Chillicothe,  was  organized  in  the  Spring  of  1838  with  the 
following  members :  Peter  Temple  and  wife,  James  H.  Temple  and  wife,  James  Ham- 
mett  and  iiis  wife  and  mother.  Elders  Thomas  Powell,  Tliomas  Brown  and  Gersham 
Silliman  ofiiciated.  Elder  Silliman  preached  for  the  young  society  occasional!}',  and 
there  were  three  additions  to  their  number  during  that  Summer.  In  1838  Alexander 
Ridler,  a  Scotch  clergyman,  assumed  pastoral  charge  and  preached  for  the  church  till  his 
death  in  1840.  After  Mr.  Ridler's  decease  the  church  was  without  a  pastor  for  a  number 
of  years.  J.  H.  Temple  established  a  Sunday  school  in  1838,  and  held  the  sessions  at 
private  residences. 

Mr.  Bristol,  a  Congregational  clergyman,  and  others  preached  occasionally.  In  1850 
Elder  C.  D.  Merritt  began  preaching  semi-monthly,  and  a  re-organization  of  the  society 
took  place  in  June  of  that  year,  with  13  members.  The  first  regular  pastor  of  the  churcli 
was  Elder  Thomas  Bodley,  who  began  his  labors  in  June,  1850,  and  was  succeeded  bj^ 
Rev.  Merritt  in  1851.  An  extensive  revival  was  held  that  year,  resulting  in  49  liaptisms, 
and  an  increase  of  membership  to  92.  In  1851  and  '52  tlie  society  erected  a  comfortable 
brick  edifice,  with  a  seating  capacity  of  400.  Through  another  revival  effort  in  1854,  l^y 
Rev.  Barry,  the  church  was  increased  to  98  members.  In  1857  the  society  numbered 
102.  During  the  war  the  interest  declined,  and  the  membership  decreased  to  a  few  per- 
sons. The  house  was  used  for  entertainments,  given  in  behalf  of  that  interest.  In  1864 
the  church  had  become  involved  to  the  amount  of  $300.  The  building  and  property  was 
sold  at  sheriff's  sale  for  debts.  Through  the  efforts  of  some  of  the  members,  and  the 
generosit}-  of  the  citizens,  the  amount  was  raised  and  it  was  redeemed.  The  building  was 
put  through  a  course  of  repairs  in  186G,  at  a  cost  of  about  $900  ;  aud  in  December  of  that 
year  Rev.  G.  E.  Prunk  was  called  to  the  pastorate.  The  edifice  was  re-dedicated,  and 
the  church  took  a  new  lease  of  life.  Several  clergymen  liave  ministered  successively  to 
its  spiritual  wants  since.  From  May,  1876,  till  the  close  of  1879,  Elder  L.  D.  Gowan 
served  as  pastor.     The  present  officers  are  J.   L.   Kenuer  and  N.   F.  Bancroft,  deacons  ; 


580  HISTORY   OF  PEORIA   COUXTY 

.1.  I^.  Kenner,  acting  clerk,  and  Henry  Tniitt,  treasurer.     The  society  now  numbers  about 
80  members.     The  chiiroli  supports  a  flo'irishing  Sunday  seliool  of  100  scholars 

The  Methodist  Episcopal  f  AurcA  of  Ohillicothe  was  orjjanizeil  about  18o0,  with  the 
following  constituent  members  :  Mr.  Siddons  and  wife,  Elijah  Hoyt  and  Elizabeth  Hoyt, 
Thomas  Aspinwall  and  wife.  J.  W.  Gates,  Henry  Truitt  and  wife.  Mrs.  Sarah  \anMeter, 
G.  A.  Hoyt  and  Amanda  Hoyt.  John  Hamniett  and  Elizal)etli  Hammett,  L.H.Thomas 
and  wife,  and  some  otliers.  The  church  began  the  erection  of  a  house  of  worship  in  18.")3, 
wliile  Rev.  G.  D.  Miller  was  pastor,  and  completed  it  in  18^6,  during  Rev.  A.  H.  Hep- 
perly's  pastoral  charge.  It  is  a  neat  frame  structure,  with  a  seating  capacity  for  about  300 
auditors.  The  society  also  built  a  comfortable  frame  parson.ige  in  1852.  The  church 
now  numbers  70  members,  and  supports  a  Sunday  school  of  85  scholars.  Rev.  J.  A. 
Windsor  is  serving  his  second  year  as  its  present  pastor. 

The  Reformed  Episcopal  Church,  St.  John's  parish,  was  organized  about  the  year  1865. 
The  organizing  clergyman  and  first  rector  was  a  Rev.  Dr.  Chamberlain,  who  was  a  cler- 
gyman of  acknowledged  ability.  Under  his  administration,  the  churcli  edifice  now  occu- 
pied by  the  parish  was  built  and  dedicated.  The  parish  has  never  been  numerically 
strong.  Dr,  Chamberlain  was  succeeded  for  a  short  time  by  a  Rev.  Mr.  Russell,  and  he 
bj' a  Rev.  Mr.  Jolinson.a  very  highly  esteemed  clergyman.  On  tiie  25th  of  October, 
1874,  as  a  missionary  of  the  Reformed  Episcopal  Ciuircli,  with  tlie  consent  of  the  author- 
ities of  the  parish,  Rev.  J.  P.  Davis  commenced  services  in  tlieir  church,  it  having  been 
for  some  time  vacant. 

On  the  12th  of  September,  1875,  the  communicants  of  the  parish,  with  the  exception 
of  four,  voted  to  unite  with  the  Reformed  Episcopal  Church,  and  since  that  date  the  par- 
ish ha.s  been  known  as  St.  John's  parish  of  the  R.  E.  Church.  The  few  members  who 
declined  coming  with  the  majority  have  nevertheless  kindly  co-operated  with  them  in 
parish  work,  and  have  rendered  generous  and  eflBcient  assistance.  The  new  organization 
commenced  with  27  communicants.  Owing  to  the  pressure  of  the  times,  it  was  decided, 
in  April,  1877,  to  suspend  pastoral  services,  and  to  close  the  church.  By  removals  and 
deaths,  the  number  of  communicants  was  reduced  to  21.  Quite  recently,  in  consequence 
of  a  rcmarkaljle  religious  awakening  in  the  community,  the  house  lias  been  re-opened, 
services  have  been  re-estal)lished,  and  for  the  present  Mi'.  Davis  is  once  more  in  charge 
of  the  parisli.  On  the  15th  of  April,  1S80,  18  persons  were  received  by  confirmation 
(Bishop  Cheney  officiating),  and  one  by  letter.  The  society  expect  to  organize  a  Sunday 
school  at  once,  and  hopes  soon  to  have  the  ordinary  parish  machinery  in  efficient  opera- 
tion, under  encouraging  prospects. 

Schools.  —  The  scliool  of  Chillicothc  city,  like  liie  country  and  the  place,  has  been 
progressive.  Tlie  first  one-room  school-house  on  tlie  stjuare,  became  inadetjuate  to  tiie 
wants  of  the  growing  town,  and  the  first  portion  of  the  present  brick  structv\re  was 
erected  in  1856,  30  x  56  feet  in  size,  two  stories  high  and  containing  four  rooms,  at  a  cost 
of  about  *4,000.  In  1870  the  south  wing,  containing  two  scliool,  two  recitation  rooms, 
and  a  hall,  was  added,  which  with  some  repairs  uiton  the  other  part,  cost  •*6,000.  it 
occupies  tiii'ci!  city  lots,  is  haiidsomcly  located  in  tiie  central  part  of  tiie  town,  and  pre- 
sents an  imposing  and  pleasing  appearance. 

The  school  consists  of  a  first  and  second  primary,  intermediate,  grammar  and  high 
school  de[)arlments.  Tiie  course  embraces  ten  years  of  attendance,  and  when  completed 
fits  tin?  pupil  for  entering  tlie  freshman  class  in  college.  J.  W.  Moffitt  is  principal,  and 
has  an  effi<i(?nt  corfis  of  assistant  teachers.  The  methoel  of  instruction  is  thorough,  and 
eminently  practical  ;  renilering  the  Chillicothe  school,  under  tlie  present  management, 
one  of  tiie  best  in  Peoria  county. 

There  are  three  district  schools  in  the  township,  beside  the  Chillicothe  and  Rome 
schools,  each  having  a  good  house,  and  all  carefully  provitled  for  by  the  local  school  offi- 
cers and  in  a  flourishing  condition. 


HISTORY  OF  PEORIA  COUNTY.  $81 

Temperance  Reform  Clubs. — The  Chillicothe  Red  Ribbon  Club  was  organized  Sept. 
23,  1877,  by  Brother  Bonticau,  of  Jackson,  Miciiigan,  with  a  membership  of  about  five 
hundred.  The  following  is  a  full  list  of  the  officers  :  Captain  Adam  Stuber,  president ; 
J.  W.  Fuller,  1st  vice-president ;  J.  L.  Pond,  2d  vice-president ;  Robert  Menzie,  3d  vice- 
president  ;  N.  S.  Cutriglit,  secretary  ;  J.  L.  Kennen,  Jr.,  assistant  secretary  ;  James  Ken- 
lock,  financial  secretary  ;  Henry  Truitt,  treasurer ;  William  Story,  steward  ;  Dr.  J.  F. 
Thomas,  first  marshal ;  Thomas  H.  Oakford,  second  marshal  ;  Warren  McFarland, 
sergeant  at  arms.  Executive  Comniittee  :  William  Colwell,  J.  G.  Johnson,  A.  H.  Ran- 
ey,  Thomas  Ashworth,  and  A.  J.  Story.  Finance  Committee:  Stephen  Martin,  P.  T. 
Matthews  and  C.  W.  Carroll.  The  club  rented  Slinn's  Hall  at  two  hundred  dollars  per 
annum. 

The  club  has  been  the  means  of  doing  a  large  amount  of  good  in  the  place.  They 
hold  a  gospel  temperance  meeting  every  Sunday  night,  and  their  business  meetings  once 
in  two  weeks  on  Wednesday  evening.  The  first  Sunday  evening  in  each  month  is  given 
up  to  the  children,  and  the  hall  is  always  crowded  to  its  utmost  capacity,  the  exercises 
consisting  in  school  readings,  singing  and  recitations,  etc.,  by  the  children.  One  year 
ago  there  was  a  probability  of  the  building  being  sold  for  saloon  purposes,  when  the  mem- 
bers of  the  club  formed  a  joint  stock  company,  and  purchased  it  and  lot,  ran  a  partition 
through  the  lower  story  and  rented  it,  receiving  $200  per  annum  for  the  lower  story  ; 
giving  the  club  the  use  of  the  upper  story  for  the  insurance  and  taxes  on  the  building. 
The  first  year  the  expenses  of  the  club  were  quite  heavy,  as  it  cost  them  about  $100  to 
fit  up  their  rooms,  which,  together  with  the  rent  was  a  heavy  tax.  Soon  after  renting 
the  hall,  the  club  fitted  up  a  neat  free  reading  room  and  smoking  room.  Sociables  and 
entertainments  are  given  by  the  club  which  are  fruitful  of  much  good,  in  improving  the 
moral  and  social  status  of  the  community. 

The  club  has  paid  out  about  $1,400,  part  of  which  has  been  to  secure  speakers  and 
for  charitable  purposes.  The  White  Ribbon  Club  is  composed  of  the  temperance  women 
of  Chillicothe.  They  have  proved  a  noble  band  of  workers,  and  have  aided  and  strength- 
ened the  Red  Ribbon  Club  financially,  and  by  their  words  and  deeds  have  done  valiant 
service  in  the  temperance  work.  The  club  is  in  a  good  working  condition  at  this  time. 
The  present  officers  are  :  Dr.  J.  F.  Thomas,  president ;  Stephen  Martin,  1st  vice-presi- 
dent ;  Wm.  J.  Story,  2d  vice-president ;  J.  W.  Moffitt,  3d  vice-president ;  Dr.  O.  F. 
Thomas,  secretary  ;  E.  A.  Mitchell,  financial  secretary  ;  Henry  Truitt,  treasurer.  Exec- 
utive Committee :  Levi  Booth,  Capt.  A.  Stuber,  Elias  Entz.  Finance  Committee  :  L.  A. 
Wood,  P.  J.  Matthews,  Thos.  Ashworth. 

George  Washington  Lodge,  No.  222,  A.  F.  tf  A.  M.,  was  organized  by  dispensation 
from  the  Grand  Lodge  of  Illinois  in  1855.  In  the  following  year  a  charter  was  granted, 
dated  October  7,  1856,  empowering  the  following  brethren  as  officers  for  the  ensuing 
masonic  year  to  work,  viz. :  Wm.  McLean,  W.  M.;  L.  A.  Wood,  S.  W.;  H.  A.  Raney, 
J.  W.  The  balance  of  the  charter  members  were  :  D.  B.  McMasters,  Samuel  C.  Jack, 
Nathan  Chapin,  Hiram  Goo^sell.  Wm.  B.  Herrick  was  Grand  Master  of  the  Grand 
Lodge,  and  Harman  G.  Reynolds  was  Grand  Secretary. 

Chillicothe  Royal  Arch  Chapter,  No.  123,  received  their  charter  dated  October  9,  1868, 
appointing  Wm.  McLean,  H.  P.;  Henr}'  Hosmer,  King  ;  John  L.  Kenner,  Scribe.  The 
balance  of  the  charter  members  were,  viz:  J.  W.  Fuller,  J.  W.  Hurst,  Isaac  Lewis, 
Geo.  M.  Gibbons,  John  Ungar,  Geo.  P.  Lester,  H.  F.  Hyde,  C.  W.  Carroll,  Robert  Will 
and  Obadiah  Eads. 

Order  of  the  Eastern  Star,  Wreath  Chapter,  No.  143,  was  organized  by  charter  dated 
February  7,  1873.  John  L.  Kenner,  Worthy  Patron  ;  Sarah  V.  Fuller,  Worthy  Matron  ; 
Dorcas  Lester,  Associate  Matron. 

There  is  also  a  flourishing  lodge  of  the  I.  O.  ().  F.  in  Chillicothe,  the  promised  mat- 
ter of  which  has  not  been  furnished. 


r)82  History  of  peoria  county. 

Fire  Department. —  In  187fi  the  first  organization  for  the  protection  against  fire  was 
effected.  The  coniii;iiiy  consisting  of  ten  members  was  formed  and  named  the  Champion, 
with  G.  P.  Lester  as  Fire  Mai-shal.  It  only  existed  a  few  months  ;  and  there  was  no 
furtlier  effort  made  until  the  Fall  of  1878,  when  another  cumi)any,  called  the  Rocket, 
was  or;,'anized,  with  James  Kenloek  as  Capt.;  G.  B.  Temple,  Lieut.;  Wm.  Story,  Fore- 
man and  twenty  members,  G.  P.  Lester  being  appointed  Fire  Marshal  by  the  city. 
Dining  the  existence  of  the  Champion  company  a  large,  two-cylinder  chemical  engine 
was  purchased,  at  a  cost  of  82.000 ;  but  finding  it  too  heavy  anil  unwieldly,  it  was  ex- 
changed for  two  single  cylinder  engines  of  100  gallon  and  70  gallon  capacity.  The 
Rocket  company  is  still  in  flourishing  condition.  In  September,  1879,  it  competed  at  the 
State  tournament,  in  Peoria,  and  won  the  first  prize  ;  but  from  a  hitch  in  the  distribution 
of  the  i)remiums,  the  company  failed  to  receive  its  award. 

The  Fress.  —  Like  most  country  towns,  Chillicothe  has  had  a  newspaper  experience 
neither  flattering  nor  profitable  to  the  town  nor  the  journalistic  aspirants.  Several 
papers  have  been  started  in  the  place  and  continued  for  a  longer  or  shorter  period,  and 
died  from  lack  of  sustenance. 

The  Revieiv,  its  present  representative  in  the  newspaper  world,  was  started  in  the 
Fall  of  1879,  by  George  Holton,  a  practical  printer,  and  still  lives.  It  is  issued  weekly, 
and  the  half  of  the  paper  printed  in  the  home  office  is  entirely  devoted  to  local  matters. 

ROME. 

The  village  of  Rome  was  laid  out  by  Jefferson  Taliaferro,  and  the  plat  filed  for  rec- 
ord December  24,  1832.  The.origiiial  plat  contained  twenty-four  blocks,  of  eight  lots, 
5x8  perches  in  size,  situated  on  section  5,  town  10  north.  9  east.  The  town  site  is  a 
beautiful  one,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Illinois  river,  fifteen  miles  aljove  Peoria,  and  for 
several  years  it  had  quite  a  rapid  growth.  In  1835  it  contained  a  tavern  of  eight  or  ten 
rooms,  liept  b}'  N.  Sirlott,  and  several  stores  and  groceries,  some  of  them  carrying  large 
stocks  of  goods.  Wm.  A.  Ogle,  Hiram  Cleveland,  Mr.  Bingham,  J.  B.  Adams  and  Joseph 
Blish  were  among  the  first  merchants.  Hczekiah  Rose  was  an  early  settler  in  the  place. 
In  183")  steamboats  landed  regularly,  the  town  contained  about  300  inhabitants,  aiul  was 
the  most  important  point  on  the  river  for  many  miles.  The  first  school  was  taught  by  a 
one-armed  soldier,  named  James  Pierce,  who  died  some  years  ago  in  this  county.  The 
upper  story  of  a  store  was  used  for  school  purposes  until  the  present  neat  frame  struct- 
ure was  erected  in  1858,  at  a  cost  of  $1,000.  The  district,  which  is  an  independent  one, 
maintains  school  nine  months  in  the  year,  with  about  fifty  scholars  in  attendance. 

Rome  has  had  a  post  oflice  since  1835,  save  tlie  decade  from  1S43  to  1854.  Mr.  L. 
Adams  is  now  postmaster.  There  is  no  church  building  in  the  place,  but  the  Methodists 
wlio  have  a  class,  hold  services  in  the  school  house.  The  only  mercantile  establishment 
in  the  village  is  a  small  grocery  kept  by  Tiiomas  P.  Nicholson. 

In  1837,  Isaac  Underhill,  of  Peoria,  purchased  2.200  acres  of  land,  including  the 
town  site,  and  planted  500  acres  to  orchard  in  the  immediate  vicinity,  some  of  which 
trees  still  stand.  The  financial  crash  of  1837  proved  a  fatal  blow  to  Rome,  from  which 
time  it  steadily  declined.  It  is  a  way  station  on  the  Bureau  branch  of  the  C,  R.  I.  &  P. 
railroad,  and  ships  considerable  fruit  and  jiroduce.  Mr.  H.  S.  Rose,  who  carries  on 
lilacksmitliing,  is  the  oldest  resident  living  in  the  village,  and  has  resided  there  over 
forty-four  years. 


HISTORY  OF  PEORIA  COUNTY!  583 


ELMWOOD   TOWNSHIP. 


Elmwood  is  in  town  nine  noitli,  range  five  east,  and  is  one  of  the  western  tier  of 
townships  in  Peoria  county.  It  was  originall}-  about  one  half  prairie  and  one  half  timber, 
and  possesses  a  superior  soil.  The  surface  is  gently  undulating  and  well  adapted  to 
agriculture.  Some  parts  are  slightly  broken  by  the  branches  of  Kickapoo  creek,  along 
which  are  some  of  the  finest  coal  mines  in  the  county.  The  township  is  crossed  by  two 
branches  of  the  C.  B.  &  Q.  railroad,  wliich  form  a  junction  at  Elmwood  city.  The  Peoria 
branch  connects  it  with  that  city,  twenty-five  miles  distant.  Elmwood  city  is  located  on 
sections  seven  and  eight,  was  laid  out  in  1854,  and  is  a  flourishing  place  of  2,000  popu- 
lation ;  is  next  to  Peoria  city  the  largest  and  most  important  commercial  manufacturing 
town  in  Peoria  county.  Durino-  the  year  ending  June  1,  1879,  681  cars  of  produce,  and 
1010  of  coal  were  shipped  from  Elmwood. 

First  Settlers.  —  John  Ewalt  was  the  first  settler  in  Elmwood  township.  He  came 
from  Sangamon  county.  Ills.,  on  the  1st  of  May,  1831,  located  on  section  twenty-nine,  and 
broke  tlie  first  soil.  Isaac  Doyle  was  the  next,  settling  on  Section  thirty.  May  1,  1832. 
In  the  Fall  of  1834,  W.  J.  Phelps  settled  on  section  eighteen,  where  he  now  resides. 
During  the  Winter  of  the  same  year  Fountain  Watkins  settled  and  made  improvements  on 
section  twenty-nine.  Avery  Dalton  settled  on  section  nineteen  in  1837,  coming  from 
Fulton  count}-.  The  early  pioneers  went  thirty-five  miles  to  mill.  One  barrel  of  Kana- 
wha salt  cost  them  $20.58.  Isaac  Doyle  was  the  first  justice  of  the  peace,  elected  in 
1883.  The  first  marriage  was  that  of  Abner  Smith  to  Eliza  Ann  Doyle,  in  March,  1834. 
The  first  child  born  in  the  township  was  Rebecca  Ewalt,  February,  1834.  Daniel  Fast 
was  the  first  school  teacher.  The  post  office  was  established  in  the  township  in  1847,  at 
the  residence  of  Hon.  Wm.  J.  Phelps,  which  was  first  called  Elmwood,  before  the  name 
was  given  to  the  township.     Mr.  Phelps  was  the  first  postmaster. 

For  some  time  after  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Phelps  settled  in  their  new  home  the  township 
including  it  was  not  laid  out,  nor  was  there  at  first  any  post  office  nearer  than  Peoria  or 
Canton,  though  a  little  later  one  was  established  at  Farmington,  Fulton  county.  They 
felt  it  necessary  that  their  place  should  be  known  by  some  more  specific  designation  than 
that  which  described  it  as  a  "  place  in  Peoria  county,"  and  accordingly  decided  to  call  it 
"  Elmwood,'"  from  the  beautiful  grove  of  elms  near  their  dwelling.  And  in  this  way 
Elmwood  became  noted  as  the  home  of  Mr.  Phelps  long  before  the  township  or  the  vil- 
lage had  been  so  called.  Mr.  Phelps  succeeded  in  getting  the  mail  route  extended  from 
Farmington  to  his  place.  Subsequently  when  the  township  was  laid  out  it  took  the  same 
name  as  did  the  village  and  railroad  station,  all  taking  their  names  from  Elmwood,  Mr. 
Phelps'  home. 

Little  did  he  think  when  he  gave  that  appropriate  name  to  his  rural  home  that  in  a 
few  years  a  town  taking  the  same  name  would  spring  up  within  a  mile  of  him,  contain- 
ing many  first-class  stores,  a  bank,  fine  church  buildings,  and  manufacturing  interests, 
and  would  be  a  center  of  enterprise  and  refined  society,  such  as  Elmwood  is  to-day.  Mr. 
Phelps  has  always  been  a  public  spirited  man  and  has  been  intimately  identified  with  the 
progress  and  development  of  Elmwood.  He  owned  the  land  where  Elmwood  is  located 
and  laid  out  the  town  in  1854.  And  being  desirous  that  it  should  l)e  the  home  of  intelli- 
gent and  moral  people,  he  used  his  best  efforts  to  induce  only  that  class  to  come  and 
settle  here.  With  this  view  he  decided  not  to  sell  a  town  lot  to  a  saloon-keeper,  or  for 
any  other  purpose  incompatible  with  the  moral  interests  of  the  community.  Thus  the 
young  town  got  well  started,  and  was  the  legitimate  offspring  of  a  high  and  noble  pur- 
pose.    Who  can  tell  how  much  Elmwood  is  indebted  to-day  to  its  good  beginning  ? 

Congregational  Church.  —  Pursuant  to  a  notice  publicly  given  to  persons  who  had 
taken  letters  of  recommendation  from  their  respective  churches,  and  who  were  desirous 
of  uniting  in  organizing  a  Congregational  Ciiurch   in   Elmwood,  met   for  that  purpose  at 


584  HISTORY  OF  PEORIA  COUNTY. 

the  house  of  W.  T.  Brewster,  on  Momliiy,  June  ").  18/)4.  Mr.  Win.  J.  Phelps  was  ap- 
pointed moderator,  and  Mr.  W.  H.  Cliapman,  scrihe.  Tlie  eliurcli  was  duly  organized, 
consisting  of  the  following  niemliers:  Wni.  J.  Phelps,  Mi-s.  Olive  B.  J.  Phelps,  Walter 
T.  Brewster,  Mrs.  Emily  C.  Brewster,  Zeuo  E.  Spring,  Mrs.  Arvella  G.  Spring,  Warren 
H.  Chaxman,  Mrs.  Susan  S.  Chapman,  Mrs.  Ann  L.  Tracy. 

A  constitution,  articles  of  faith  and  church  covenant  were  adopted  ;  Brothers  W. 
T.  Brewster  and  W.  H.  Chapman  were  chosen  deacons. 

Of  the  nine  original  members  seven  are  now  numbered  with  us.  Rev.  F.  Orton, 
then  a  recent  graduate  of  Union  Theological  Seminary,  N.  Y.,  became  the  acting  pastor, 
June,  18.04.  He  died  in  Elmwood,  Aug.  20,  1855,  greatly  beloved  and  mourned  by  his 
people.  During  his  pastorate  nine  members  were  added  to  the  Church  by  letter.  Four 
of  these  are  still  connected  with  it. 

During  the  years  1854  and  "55,  the  Church  and  society  erected  the  edifice  now  used 
for  the  worship  of  God.  Previous  to  the  time  of  its  completion,  the  congregation  wor- 
shiped in  an  upper  and  unfinished  room  over  the  store  of  Mr.  A.  L.  Tracy.  Rev.  R. 
Rudd  supplied  the  pulpit  for  a  few  mont!  s,  commencing  December  16,  1855.  From 
sometime  in  March,  ItoG,  until  August  of  the  same  year,  the  church  had  no  stated  min- 
isterial supj)ly,  but  there  were  added  to  the  church  during  the  time  twelve  members  by 
letter,  and  three  on  profession.  Rev.  J.  Steiner  became  an  acting  pastor  of  the  church 
in  August,  1856,  and  lal)ored  as  such  until  May  31,  1858. 

Rev.  Sherlock  Bristol  received  a  call  November  18,  1858,  and  became  the  acting 
pastor  of  the  church,  and  labored  as  such  nearly  two  years. 

Rev.  W.  G.  Pierce  commenced  his  labors  with  the  church  April  21,  1861,  and  soon 
after  received  a  call  from  the  church  and  society  to  become  their  pastor.  He  was  duly 
ordained  and  installed  November  20,  18G1.  During  the  progress  of  the  war  of  the  re- 
bellion he  acted  as  chaplain  of  the  77tli  Regiment  of  Illinois  Vol's,  something  more  than 
a  year,  the  church  granting  him  leave  of  absence  for  that  purpose.  He  was  also  absent 
for  a  few  weeks  in  the  service  of  the  U.  S.  Christian  Commission,  in  the  Army  of  the 
Potomac.  (The  church  exercised  a  very  large  liberality  in  carrying  on  the  war,  in  gifts 
both  of  men  and  money.) 

Mr.  Pierce  closed  his  ministry  with  the  church  in  1871.  For  some  months  the 
church  was  without  a  pastor,  being  supplied  b}-  different  clergymen  and  candidates.  In 
1872  Rev.  All)ert  Fitch  preached  as  supjdy  one  year.  The  church  tiien  called  Allen 
J.  Van  Wagner,  who  had  just  giadualed  from  the  Chicago  Theological  Seminary.  Mr. 
Van  Wagner  at  once  entered  upon  his  labors,  and  the  October  following  was  duly  or- 
dained and  installed  as  pastor  of  the  churcii.  His  pastorate  still  continues.  During  his 
ministry  thus  far,  forty-one  have  been  added  to  the  church  on  profession  of  their  faith, 
and  some  thirty  by  letter.  He  has  baptized  forty.  The  church  membei-ship  is  now  one 
hundred  and  sixty-five.  The  audiences  are  large ;  the  Sunday-schind  and  prayer  meet- 
ing alive  and  well  sustained.  The  church  is  in  a  harmonious,  hi-ahliy  condition.  It  re- 
centl}' celebrated  its  twenty-fifth  anniversary,  and  the  sixth  of  its  pastor.  Letters  were 
read  from  al)sent  ministers,  historical  papers  l)y  Deacon  W.  T.  Brewster  and  Hon.  W.  J. 
Phelps.  Addresses  were  given  by  Revs.  W.  G.  Pierce  and  A.  J.  Van  Wagner,  and  with 
gratitude  to  God  and  hope  for  the  future,  the  church  moves  onward  towards  its  half 
century  of  existence  and  effort. 

Prenbytfrian  Church. —  In  pursuance  of  !in  appointment  by  the  Presbj'tery,  of  a  com- 
mittee for  the  purpose  (jf  organizing  a  Presl)yterian  churcli  in  Elmwood,  said  committee 
met  on  June  5,  l.S5(i,  in  the  .M.  E.  church,  for  that  purpose.  .Said  t-ommittee  consisted 
of  Daniel  F.  McFarland,  Wm.  A.  Fleniming  and  John  C.  liaiiiui.  After  a  sermon  by 
Rev.  John  C.  Hanna  fourteen  persons  presented  letters  fruni  Evangelical  churches,  re- 
questing of  the  committLC  to  be  organized  as  a  churcli,  to  be  called  the  First  Presbyte- 
rian (Iliiinli  of  Ebiiwood.     The  following  persons  were  elected  as  officers:     Andrew  D. 


HISTORY  OP  PEORIA  COUNTY.  585 

Rodgers,  elder,  and  W.  Bush,Jolm  Bodine,  George  Grigg  and  Levi  Richardson,  trustees. 
The  first  Lord's  supper,  under  the  administration  of  the  present  organization,  was  held 
in  the  M.  E.  cliurch  June  8,  1856.  Members  of  session :  D.  F.  McFarland,  moderator 
and  clerk  ;  A^  D.  Rodgers,  elder.  After  the  organization  of  the  church  in  Elmwood 
they  bought  a  house  of  the  Congregational  society,  they  had  erected  out  in  the  country, 
and  had  it  moved  into  Elmwood,  as  a  house  of  worship. 

After  struggling  along  for  about  three  years  in  a  half  dead  and  lifeless  condition, 
toward  the  latter  part  of  1859  it  was  found  the  organization  existed  only  in  name  and 
not  in  fact,  the  minister  and  most  of  the  former  members  having  moved  away  or  joined 
elsewhere,  it  was,  on  consideration  of  the  then  existing  state  of  affairs,  thought  advisable 
to  apply  to  the  Presbytery  for  a  reorganization.  Such  application  being  made,  the  Pres- 
bytery appointed  a  committee,  which  met  on  the  20th  of  December,  1859,  when  twenty- 
three  persons  presented  testimonials  with  letters,  desiring  to  be  organized  into  a  congre- 
gation and  still  to  hold  the  former  name,  First  Presbyterian  Church  of  Elmwood.  Offi- 
cers elected :  Messrs.  Wm.  Simpson,  George  L.  Lucas,  Joseph  Warne,  elders.  Messrs. 
Simpson  and  G.  L.  Lucas  having  been  previously  elected  and  ordained  to  the  office  of 
ruling  elder,  were  duly  installed  as  ruling  elders  in  this  church  on  the  15th  of  January, 
18G0,  James  E.  Marquis  being  moderator  of  session.  Rev.  James  E.  Marquis  was  pas- 
tor of  the  Elmwood  church  from  the  year  1859  until  his  death,  February  22,  1863,  when 
Rev.  George  N.  Johnson  supplied  the  pulpit  about  one  year,  when  Rev.  James  H.  Smith 
was  called  as  pastor  of  the  church  June,  1864,  and  continued  as  pastor  up  to  the  Fall 
Presbytery  of  1867,  when  the  pastoral  relations  were  dissolved  by  mutual  consent.  In 
November  of  the  same  year  Rev.  John  R.  Reasoner  commenced  preaching  for  the  church  ; 
and  received  an  almost  unanimous  call  to  become  its  pastor  at  the  Spring  meeting  of  the 
Presbytery.  The  call  was  accepted,  and  he  still  remains  pastor.  May  30,  1879,  tlie 
number  of  members  was  108.     Wm.  Cratty  is  clerk  of  session. 

The  Church  of  Elmwood  has  for  the  most  part  of  its  existence,  been  under  the  care 
of  the  Board  of  Home  Missions  or  Board  of  Sustentation,  the  members  being,  to  consid- 
erable extent,  minors  and  persons  in  quite  moderate  circumstances. 

The  Sabbath  school  averages  seventy-five  or  eighty  members,  and  is  superintended 
by  S.  N.  Coe.  The  present  officers  of  the  church  are:  J.  R.  Reasoner,  pastor;  L.  F. 
Mathews,  J.  N.  Rodman,  S.  N.  Coe,  elders;  John  N.  Crow,  Wm.  Cratty,  clerks. 

Methodist  Episcopal  Church.  —  This  church  was  organized  in  the  Spring  of  1851,  by 
Rev.  G.  W.  Miller,  and  was  connected  with  the  Brimfield  church  under  the  pastorage 
of  N.  J.  Gidding.  The  original  members  were  Mrs.  E.  A.  Smith,  Mrs.  Huldah 
Bradley,  David  Mowrey  and  Elizabeth  Mowrey,  Mrs.  Jacob  Doyle,  Perry  J.irman  and 
Nancy  Jarman,  Annette  Washburn,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  John  Bevins,  Mrs.  Betty  Gibbs,  and 
May  Doyle.  David  Mowrey  was  appointed  leader  for  some  time  and  held  meetings  at 
Mr.  A.  H.  Smith's,  afterwards  occupied  a  little  log  school-house  east  of  Elmwood. 
Subsequently  the  society  held  service  alternatively  with  the  Congregational  church  in 
the  room  over  A.  L.  Tracey's  store.  The  society  began  their  church  building  in  1856.  Li 
the  Spring  of  1857  it  was  dedicated  by  Rev.  Silas  Bowles  of  Chicago.  The  first  church 
in  Elmwood.  During  twenty-eight  years  the  society  has  never  been  without  a  pastor. 
In  the  year  1862  the  pastor,  B.  C.  Swartz  went  into  the  army  as  chaplain,  but  his  col- 
league Rev.  G.  W.  Gue  took  chai-ge  of  the  work  immediately.  Seventeen  ministers  has 
had  the  direct  care  of  the  people,  assisted  by  twelve  others,  all  of  whom,  with  the  excep- 
tion of  Rev.  M.  D.  Heckard,  still  live.  The  first  ten  years  the  society  was  connected  with 
some  other  work.  In  186.^,  Elmwood  became  a  station.  Rev.  J.  Sanders,  pastor.  From 
1865  to  1879,  they  have  had  seven  pastors. 

United  Brethren  Church,  Southport,  Elmwood   township,  was  organized  about  1872, 
at  the  school-house  in  Snutiiimrt,  witli  some  fourteen  or  sixteen   original   members,  viz. : 
E.  M.  Lawrence  and  Mrs.  E.  J.   Lawrence,  John  Knox,  Charles  Ivett,  C.   M.  Clough, 
43 


586  HISTORY  OF  PEORIA   COUXTY. 

Rachael  Clough,  M.  F.  Haynes,  Mary  Haynes,  Matilda  Ssvartz.  Mary  Briggs,  David 
Brandt,  Emma  Brandt,  a  Mr.  Church,  Stephen  Lee  and  Harriett  Lee,  Otis  Smith  and 
wife. 

The  church  was  organized  by  J.  H.  Snyder.  They  still  held  services  every  two  weeks 
in  the  Southport  school-house.  The  officers  are  E.  M.  Lawrence,  steward,  and  Chas. 
Ivett,  class  leader. 

Christian  Temperance  Union  of  Elmu'ood.  —  Was  organized  on  the  6th  day  of  May, 
1879.  Its  membership  includes  many  of  the  best  and  most  influential  citizens  of  EtVn- 
wood.  The  temperance  tidal  wave  first  reached  Elmwood  April,  1879,  when  Mrs.  Rus- 
sell, of  Chicago,  inaugurated  quite  a  reform  revival.  The  interest  she  excited  was  care- 
fully fostered  by  the  Christian  men  and  women  of  the  town.  Some  time  in  April,  1H79, 
Mrs.  Russell,  who  was  laboring  in  Lewiston  and  Farmington,  Illinois,  was  invited  by  a 
committee  of  the  churches  and  good  people  of  tiie  community  to  deliver  a  series  of  lec- 
tures, which  was  largely  attended  and  resulted  in  the  organization  of  a  Christian  Tem- 
perance Union  that  numbered  over  eleven  hundred  members.  Rev.  J.  R.  Reasoner  called 
to  the  chair.  Mr.s.  U.  stated  the  object  of  the  meeting  to  be  the  organization  of  a  Chris- 
tian Temperance  Union  at  Elmwood.  The  constitution  was  then  read  h\  the  acting 
secretary  and  was  adopted.  The  following  persons  were  elected  as  officers:  S.  N.  Coe, 
president ;  T.  H.  Tracy,  James  Lee  and  S.  S.  Graham,  vice-presidents ;  \V.  I.  Plum, 
secretary;  Edison  Watton,  assistant  secretary' ;  Dr.  J.  J.  Lobaugh,  corresponding  secre- 
tary, and  A.  L.  Tracy,  treasurer.  The  executive  committee  consisting  of  A.  G.  Vander- 
vort,  Samuel  Allewatt,  W.  W.  .Fones,  J.  M.  Rodman,  C.  W.  Spangler,  N.  S.  Barber,  W. 
H.  Kellogg,  Rev.  J.  R.  Reasoner,  Rev.  Ferguson,  John  Regan,  Henrv  Sciienk,  J.  Hei)en- 
stall.  C.  H.  Keightlinger,  C.  E.  Wiley,  Geo.  Dixon,  G.  "S.  Smith  "and  Rev.  A.  J.  Van 
Wagner. 

Music  committee  :  Dr.  Tompkins,  Wm.  H.  Turner,  Miss  Sanders,  Miss  L.  Purcell, 
Mrs.  E.  C.  Wiley,  Mrs.  D.  D.  Meiidenhall,  Miss  C.  Jordan  and  Mrs.  Wm.  H.  Kellogg. 

Blue  ribbon  committee :  Mrs.  C.  W.  Spanglers,  .Mrs.  Samuel  Farrar,  Mrs.  C.  I*. 
Watton,  Jennie  Bowers,  Amy  McNay,  Hattie  Hepenstatt,  Mollie  Duggius  and  Laura 
Ramsey. 

Recruiting  company:  E.  C.  Wiley,  Capt.;  T.  H.  Tracy,  1st  Lieut.;  Wm.  Smith,  2d 
Lieut.;  Wm.  Humpluey,  Orderly  Sergt.;  Wm.  Cowser,  1st  Sergt.;  C.  H.  Keightlinger, 
2d  Sergt.;  Silas  Caldwell,  3d  Sergt.;  J.  H.  Foster,  4th  Sergt.;  A.  G.  Bartholomew,  1st 
Corpl.;  O.  Bigelow,  2(1  Corpl.;  E.  C.  Wing,  3d  Corpl.;  Thus.  Blake.  4th  Corj.l.;  Frank 
Walton,  .5th  Corpl.;  Wm.  Brain,  6tii  Corpl.;  Henrv  Elliott,  Tth  Corpl.:  Wm.  Cleve,  8th 
Corpl. 

Meetings  are  held  in  tiie  different  churches  every  Tuesday  evening.  Tlie  influences 
of  the  organization  are  spreading,  and  effective  temperance  meetings  are  largely  attended 
and  judiciously  managed. 

Graded  school  organized  in  the  Autumn  of  1863.  Began  operations  January,  1864, 
under  charge  of  Prof.  Tompkins.  Present  school-house  was  erected  in  I8r.6  and  has  five 
school  rooms,  one  recitation  room  and  one  library  room.  Tlie  InilKling  cost  about 
$20,000.  Eight  teachers  are  employed.  A  building  in  the  east  end  of  town  is  used  for 
a  primary  school.  Numljer  enrolled  per  term  for  the  pnjit  five  years,  from  350  to  400. 
Mr.  Crow,  present  principal,  has  had  for  two  years  $1,200.  School  year  embraces  eight 
montlis,  of  iwenly-two  days  to  the  month.  -Assistant  to  principal.  .Miss  Magee,  lixs  had 
for  two  years  *.">;">  per  month.  Grammar  teacher,  t.^O  ;  all  llie  others  have  had  *44.  The 
cost  of  running  the  school  has,  (or  two  years,  been  about  J.">,<l00,  wliicli  includes  repairs, 
additions  to  library  apparatus,  insurance  etc.  The  present  Board  of  Directors  are  1*.  H. 
Hopkins,  president:  J.  J.  Lobaugh,  clerk,  and  William  Forbt-s.  .\t  the  first  graduation, 
in  1872,  eleven  gradmited  —  ten  ladies  and  one  gentleuiaii  ;  in  IST!',  eight  —  five  ladies 
and  three  gentleman. 


HISTORY  OP  PEORIA   COUNTY.  587" 

The  trustees  of  the  State  University  at  Champaign  have  an  arrangement  by  which 
high  schools  of  proper  standing  may,  upon  examination  by  the  president,  send  their 
graduates  to  tiie  University  without  preliminar}-  examination. 

In  accordance  with  this  arrangement  Dr.  Gregory  visited  tlie  Elmwood  school  in 
May  of  1879,  and  examined  the  classes  in  the  high  school.  He  accepted  the  school  as 
being  of  the  proper  standing,  and  students  can  now  enter  the  University  upon  graduating 
there. 

Elmwood  Prese. —  In  the  month  of  June,  1857,  John  Regan,  who  had  the  previous 
Spring  discontinued  the  publication  of  the  Knoxville  Journal,  which  with  a  circulation  of 
1,600  weekly  copies  was  borne  down  under  the  credit  system,  brought  to  Elmwood  a  new 
printing  press  and  material  to  start  a  weekly  paper  in  the  place,  which,  though  only  three 
or  four  years  old,  gave  promise  of  becoming  a  prominent  town.  On  the  6th  of  January, 
1858,  the  Elmwood  Observer  made  its  appearance.  The  place  being  small,  several  of  the 
more  prominent  citizens  agreed  to  contribute  various  sums  as  a  bonus  toward  its  support, 
and  though  some  of  these  were  never  paid,  the  paper  Ij}'  great  economy  and  hard 
work  continued  to  be  published  regularly  up  to  May,  1859,  when  the  press  and  materials 
were  shipped  to  Taylor's  Falls,  Minn.  During  the  short  career  of  the  Observer  an  edition 
of  about  200  copies  was  printed  for  Yates  City,  then  lately  made  a  station  on  the  Peoria 
&  Otiuankft  R.  R.  This  edition  was  styled  the  Western  Watchman.  This  continued  for 
only  eighteen  weeks,  ceasing  for  want  of  support.  Another  edition  of  150  copies  was 
furnished  for  Maquoii,  styled  the  Maquon  Times,  which  continued  for  a  year  and  a  half. 

On  the  19th  of  May,  1860,  Woodcock  &  Son,  printers  from  Peoria,  came  to  town 
and  started  the  Chronicle,  which  continued  to  be  published  to  the  6tli  of  September, 
1862,  when  O.  F.  Woodcock,  the  son,  enlisted  in  tlie  77th  regiment  of  volunteers.  No 
paper  was  published  here  from  that  time  till  July  19,  1866,  when  the  Observer  was  again 
started  by  the  previous  publisher — J.  Regan.  A  few  of  the  citizens  contributed  about 
$150  b}'  way  of  loan,  to  assist  the  paper  to  make  a  start.  The  Observer  thus  re-estab- 
lished continued  to  appear  regularly  for  ten  mouths,  also  an  edition  for  the  same  time. 
O.  F.  Woodcock  having  returned  from  the  army,  purchased  the  press  and  materials,  and 
resumed  publication  of  the  Chronicle.  Up  to  this  time  the  papers  were  neutral  in  poli- 
tics, but  the  revived  Chronicle  came  out  as  a  republican  paper,  and  so  continued  under 
Woodcock  till  he  retired  September  1-t,  1871,  leaving  all  the  printing  material  behind 
him,  in  the  hands  of  his  creditors.  The  paper  continued  under  control  of  the  Chronicle 
Co.  to  November  9th,  the  same  year.  On  the  17th  of  the  same  month  J.  A.  Somerby 
obtained  a  lease  of  the  office,  and  published  the  Chronicle  till  the  9th  of  May,  1872,  wlien 
R.  P.  Childs,  a  compositor  in  tlie  office,  took  control  of  it,  but  he  only  continued  till  the 
■Ith  of  July,  same  year.  On  the  18th  of  the  same  month  Jos.  P.  Barrett,  a  Peoi-ia  com- 
positor, took  it  up,  with  Mr.  E.  R.  Brown  as  editor.  Finally  on  August  15,  1872,  the 
office  was  sold  to  Alpheus  Davison  &  Son,  who  continued  the  paper  under  the  same  name 
to  November,  1873  —  the  close  of  the  presidential  contest,  in  which  it  favored  the  elec- 
tion of  Grant.  The  Chronicle  was  discontinued,  after  a  fitful  existence  in  many  hands 
of  about  eight  years  and  eight  months  I  and  press  and  type  were  removed  to  Canton. 

Tlie  \Vinter  of  1873-4,  found  Elmwood  without  a  paper  once  more. 

On  tlie  6th  of  March,  1874,  the  first  number  of  the  Messenger,  a  seven-column  folio, 
was  published  by  Mr.  J.  Regan,  and  obtained  a  good  patronage  in  subscription  and  adver- 
tising from  the  first,  whicli  has  been  continued  up  to  the  date  of  this  sketch  February, 
1S80,  with  a  regular  weekly  issue  for  the  past  year  of  720  copies. 

The  success  of  the  Messenger  has  caused  others  to  attempt  rival  publications  in  the 
town,  of  which  the  following  is  the  record:  On  the  30tli  of  May,  1874,  J.  A.  Somerby 
commenced  the  publication  of  the  Industrial  Journal,  which  was  continued  to  January 
6,  1876,  and  then  ceased,  and  the  office  fell  into  the  hands  of  creditors. 

On  the  7th  of  June,  1876,  W.  P.  Clifford  and  A.  M.  Swan  commenced  to  publish  tlie 


588  HISTORY  OF   I'EOKIA  COUNTY. 

Central  Illinois  News.  On  the  Gth  of  September,  same  year,  they  took  in  as  a  partner  a 
printer  named  Bowman,  and  styled  themselves  the  "News  Printini,'  Co."  On  the  liOth 
of  October,  Cliflford  and  Bowman  dropped  out,  and  A.  M.  Swan  attempted  to  carry  it  on 
alone,  but  suspended  December  1st,  after  a  total  career  of  six  months  only.  The  paper 
was  published  during  that  time  with  adififerent  heading  as  the  Uast  Knox  Xeivt,  and  both 
ceased  together. 

Undeterred  by  the  rocks  on  which  former  enterprises  were  wrecked,  John  C. 
Snyder,  a  young  man  who  had  lately  been  attending  college,  commenced  the  publication 
of  a  semi-weekly  paper,  the  Express,  on  the  3d  of  July,  1877.  This  it  wius  thouglit 
would  certainly  be  a  taking  feature,  and  promised  success.  John  labored  hard  to  make 
his  little  paper  a  success,  and  kept  it  up  to  the  end  of  September.  On  the  4th  of  Octo- 
ber he  came  out  with  the  weekly  Express,  and  announced  that  it  would  be  devoted  to 
the  advocacy  of  the  greenback  faith.  But  this  made  little  impression,  for  about  the 
middle  of  the  same  month  he  sold  his  press  and  news  type  to  Colville  Bros,  of  Gales- 
burg,  and  after  continuing  a  few  months  working  on  jobs,  he  traded  ofif  the  remnant  of 
the  office  to  W.  E.  Phelps,  and  left  town. 

The  first  number  of  the  Gazette  was  issued  in  Brimtield,  November  4,  1875,  and 
continued  publication  to  July  2,  1879.  During  the  time  of  its  existence  at  that  place  it 
enjoyed  the  confidence  of  the  business  men  and  residents.  Believing  that  Elmweod  was 
a  better  point,  and  needing  a  live  local  newspaper  to  represent  the  town,  it  was  removed 
to  that  place.  The  first  number  was  issued  July  10,  1879,  and  continued  up  to  Decem- 
ber. December  5th,  same  year,  it  was  changed  from  a  eight  column  folio-weekly  to  a 
six  column-folio,  and  issued  as  a  semi-weekly,  and  at  this  date  has  a  patronage  second  to 
none  of  any  local  newspaper  in  the  county,  although  its  cotemporary  has  attempted  time 
and  again  to  weaken  its  influence,  and  has  signally  failed.  Tlie  senii-wi-ekly  Gazette  has 
become  a  living  factor  of  the  place  and  already  proved,  nntwithstrnding  other  failures, 
that  the  citizens  will  support  an  unprejudiced  and  liberal  newspaper. 

Elmwood,  Ills.,  February  28,  1880. 

Mr.  Regan,  who  twenty-two  years  ago  printed  its  fii*st  paper,  still  prosperously  con- 
ducts the  Messenger. 

Fire  Department.  —  The  Neptune  Fire  Company,  Engine  No.  1,  was  organized  June 
18,  1869,  is  in  complete  running  order  with  a  force  of  thirty-four  reliable  and  efficient 
men,  with  Stephen  Adams  as  foreman,  who  has  taken  a  great  interest  in  the  company 
since  its  organization.  The  company  has  been  the  means  of  saving  a  great  deal  of  valu- 
able property,  and  the  town  should  i)i'  proud  of  their  department.  The  officers  are  as 
follows  :  Stephen  Adams,  foreman  ;  \Vm.  Dailey.  second  assistant ;  J.  H.  Spring,  secre- 
tary ;  Jas.  Hepenstall,  treasurer.  The  town  is  well  supplied  with  water,  having  eight 
public  cisterns,  with  a  capacity  of  2,000  barrels.  They  have  just  been  fitted  up  with  500 
feet  of  new  hose  and  putting  in  cisterns,  so  they  feel  tolerably  safe.  C.  H. 
Keiglittenger  is  always  on  hanil  to  do  his  duty  as  nozzleman,  and  never  shrinking  from 
his  post. 

Masonic  Lodg».  —  Horeb  Lodge.  No.  IJO:?,  A.  F.  k  A.  M.,  located  at  Elmwood,  Ills., 
met  first  as  a  lodge  ( U.  D.)  November  22,  18i;0.  Chartered  October  1,  ISOI.  Charter 
members:  Hugh  Armson,  S.  S.  Bufl'iim,  E.  V.  Bartliolomew,  Lewis  Corbin,  W.  H. 
Ciiapman,  C.  G.  Eggle.ston,  M.  L.  R.  Huse,  A.  Hull,  P.  H.  Hopkins.  N.  I).  Jay.  L.  H. 
Kerr,  J.  E.  Knable,  Beiij.  Rillie,  J.  J.  Lowe,  Joim  Martz,  Eph.  Marshall,  J.  C.  Uimr. 
Harrison  Steele,  W.  M.  Snisher,  Geo.  \V.  Smith,  I'hilip  Snvder.  J.  H.  Trinix,  A.  N.  Wil- 
cox,  A.  J.  Wiley,  H.  H.  Wood.  Firsi  officers  of  the  lodge  :  L.  H.  Kerr.  W.  ^L  :  J.  E. 
Knai)le,  S.  W.  ;' Lewis  Corbin,  J.  W.  .Masters  of  the  lodge  :  L.  IL  Kerr,  LSlJO-lJl-tJt)  ; 
N.  I).  Jay,  lM(J2-(J;i-»]4-7:5;  A.  J.  Wiley,  lHt;,",-7;') ;  James  Lee,  lSt;7-70;  J.  R.  Secord, 
18GH-09-71-72-7t;.  Harrison  Steele  in  1.S74,  and  P.  V.  R.  Dafoo,  1M77-78-79.  The  pres- 
ent  officers  are:     P.  V.  R.  Dafoe.  W.  M.  ;     .\.  J.  Wil.v.  S.  W.:    James   Hepenst^ill.  J. 


IIIf^TOliV   OF   PEORIA   COUNTY.  589 

W. ;    W.  H.  Beiitlev,  Secretary:    John  F.  Caldwell,  Treasurer;    W.  W.  Stalker,  S.  D.  ; 
L.  H.  OoUings,  J.  D. ;    H.  J.  Morris,  S.  S.  ;    Jacob  Fry,  Tyler. 

The  present  membersliip  is  about  seventy-five.  Hall  on  the  corner  of  Hawthorn 
and  Magnolia  Streets.  The  lodge  meets  on  Tuesday  evening  of  or  preceding  tlie  full 
moon.  Annual  election  of  officers  at  the  regular  meetings  preceding  the  anniversary  of 
St.  John,  the  Evangelist.  Installation  of  officers  December  27.  Transient  brethren  are 
cordially  invited  to  visit  tiie  lodge.  C.  G.  Eggieston  gave  the  lodge  its  name  by  honor 
of  being  the  oldest  Mason. 

Arcaneus  Lodge,  No.  102,  /.  0.  0.  F.,  was  first  instituted  at  Brimfuld,  Peoria  county, 
Ills.,  April  9,  1852,  with  District  Deputy  G.  M.  Linneli  in  the  chair.  Charter  members 
consisting  of  the  following,  viz:  L.  S.Robinson,  Robert  G.  Hart.  Thos  J.  Moore,  Jacob 
Sapping  and  John  Smiles.  Surrendered  charter,  turned  over  books  and  regalia  to  Grand 
Lodge  Nov.  19. 1863.  Re-organized  under  the  same  charter  in  Elmwood,  through  the 
influence  of  Mr.  J.  B.  Reed,  a  former  member  of  the  Brimfield  Lodge,  July  7,  1873.  The 
charter  members  of  this  organization  were  as  follows  :  Thos.  W.  Keene,  \V.  S.  Ritchie, 
D.  B.  Jones,  Wm.  Hurlbnt,  Samuel  Alluvelt,  Silas  Caldwell  and  J.  B.  Reed.  The  first 
officers  were  Thos.  W.  Keene,  N.  G.,  \V.  S.  Ritchie,  V.  G.,  J.  B.  Reed,  Sec.  and  Samuel 
Alluvelt,  Treas.  The  present  officers  are  Dr.  W.  T.  Sloan,  N.  G.,  H.  B.  Webster.  V.  G.. 
A.  G.  Bartholomew,  Sec,  Jacob  Fr}',  Treas.,  J.  P.  Bradshaw,  sitting  Past  Grand.  They 
have  a  good  haU  in  connection  with  the  Masonic  Lodge,  in  Vandervort's  block,  out  of 
debt.     The  Lodge  is  composed  of  the  best  men  in  the  city. 

Salem  G-range  was  organized  June  11,  1874,  with  39  charter  members.  The  officers 
were  Josiah  Strain,  master;  Walter  M.  Evans,  secretary.  The  present  membership  is 
fifty-one.  In  March,  1878,  erected  a  hall,  at  a  cost  of  foOO.  Regular  meetings  on  first 
and  third  Saturdays  of  every  month.  The  ijresent  officers  are  Samuel  Gordon,  master  ; 
H.  A.  Harrison,  secretary. 

Soldiers'  Union  Association,  Elmwood,  Illinois.  —  The  Soldiers'  Union  Association 
was  organized  in  Elmwood,  April  25,  1876,  electing  the  following  officers  :  J.  J.  Rose, 
president ;  M.  O'Shea,  vice-president ;  W.  H.  Bentley,  secretary,  and  George  S.  Smith, 
treasurer.  Names  of  members  :  J.  B.  Reed,  14th  111.  Cav.  ;  D.  C.  Harkness,  13th  Minn. 
Inf. :  D.  C.  Harkness,  1st  Minn.  Art. ;  J.  S.  Herbert,  17th  111.  Inf.  ;  W;  H.  Bentlev,  77th 
111.  Inf.,  77th  U.  S.  Col.  Inf.,  10th  U.  S.  Col.  Art. ;  J.  J.  Rose,  47th  111.  Inf.,  77th  111. 
Inf. ;  G.  B.  Olney,  40th  Ohio  Inf.  ;  L.  F.  Matthews,  112th  111.  Inf. ;  S.  P.  Oldfield,  102d 
Ohio  Inf. ;  R.  R.  Adams,  4th  Ohio  Cav.;  Rob't  Girvin,  9th  Ohio  Cav. ;  S.  Adams,  60th 
N.  Y.  Lif.  ;  F.  T.  Wilson,  32d  111.  Inf.  ;  R.  J.  Bigg.s,  7:th  111.  Inf.;  O.  Daniels,  102d 
111.  Inf.  ;  C.  H.  Kightlenger,  8th  Mo.  Inf.,  11th  111.  Inf.,  47th  111.  Inf.  ;  W.  H.  Rillie,  1st 
Col.  Cav.;  Geo.  S.  Smith,  77th  111.  Inf.,  132d  111.  Inf.  :  W.-Shireley,  22d  Penn.  Cav.; 
Chas.  Autan,  17th  111.  Cav.  ;  A.  G.  Bartholomew,  132d  111.  Inf. ;  S.  M.  Birkest,  18th  Va. 
Cav.  (confederate)  ;  Chas.  E.  Tappen,  21st  N.  J.  Inf.;  E.  Van  Patten,  86th  111.  Inf.; 
I.  E.  Hurff,  8th  Mo.  Inf. ;  J.  Bostorf,'4th  Mo.  Cav. ;  M.  O'Shea,  8th  Mo.  nf.  ;  R.  Darby, 
77th  111.  Inf.  ;  Chas.  Turner,  72d  111.  Inf. ;  J.  C.  Coe,  7th  111.  Cav.  ;  J.  R.  Secord,  77th 
111.  Inf.  ;  C.  D.  Bowen,  4th  la.  Cav.  ;  W.  Gabriel,  86th  111.  Inf.,  14th  111.  Cav.  ;  W.  D. 
Mathews,  112th  111.  Inf. ;  D.  Beck,  77th  111.  Inf. ;  R.  Atherton,  77th  111.  Inf.  ;  D.  M. 
Cowser,  32d  111.  Inf.  ;  J.  McLaughlin,  47th  111.  Inf.  ;  M.  Boland,  77th  111.  Inf.,  130th  111. 
Inf.  ;  S.  A.  Harper,  17th  Ohio  Inf.,  52d  Ohio  Inf.,  61st  Ohio  Inf.  ;  Wm.  Forbes,  11th  111. 
Cav.;  Geo.  W.  Oldfield,  16tli  Ohio  Inf.,  178th  Ohio  Inf. ;  W.  D.  Cone,  77th  111.  Inf.  ; 
H.  W.  Marsh,  3d  Mich.  Cav.  ;  L  C.  Murphv,  12th  Mich.  Inf.,  5th  Ohio  L.  Art.,  6th  Ohio 
L.  Art.  ;  J.  Forbes,  55th  111.  Inf.  ;  Joseph  Wheeler.  47th  111.  Inf.  ;  G.D.  HoUinger,  99th 
Ohio  Inf.  ;  A.  J.  Crow,  7tli  W.  Va,  Inf. ;  62  members.  The  association  has  met  yearly 
to  decorate  the  fallen  soldiers'  graves. 

Coal  Mining  and  Manufacturing  Interests. —  Elmwood  Coal  Company — The  first 
coal  mined  in  this  region  was  found  on  land  belonging  to  W.  J.  Phelps,  contiguous  to 


590  HISTORY   OF   PF.oniA   COfNTY. 

the  village  of  Elm  wood,  in  the  year  1838,  at  which  time  it  was  only  needed  b}-  the  countrj- 
lilacksmitli.  Gradiiillj'  a  few  coal  stoves  were  introduced  and  as  the  suitply  in  the  bed 
of  the  stream  became  exhaii.sted,  tunnels  were  run  into  the  side  hills  for  the  small 
quantity  wanted. 

In  186t>  W.  E.  Phelps  formed  a  partnership  with  James  Lee,  who  had,  for  some 
time,  been  working  a  "  breaster  "  mine,  for  the  more  systematic  development  of  the  coal 
business.     The  style  of  tlie  firm  was  James  Lee  &  Co. 

A  sliaft  was  put  down  in  the  timber  west  of  the  residence  of  W.  J.  Phelps  and 
worked  by  horse  power  for  a  little  more  than  a  year,  when  it  was  deemed  advisable  to 
look  for  coal  nearer  the  village.  Al)out  this  time  \V.  J.  Phelps  joined  the  firm.  In  the 
Autumn  of  1867  a  shaft  was  opened  and  fitted  with  an  engine.  This  was  openited  about 
two  years,  when  it  was  found  best  to  sink  still  another  shaft,  leaving  this  one  for  an 
escapement  shaft  —  supposed  to  be  the  first  one  in  the  State  affording  ab.solute  security 
to  men  Ijelow  in  case  of  fire  or  other  accident. 

In  the  Autumn  of  1869  a  tramway  a  little  more  than  a  mile  long,  laid  with  sixteen 
pound  tee  rail,  was  constructed  and  a  coal  yard  opened  in  the  village.  This  track  was 
also  connected  with  tlie  railroad  chutes  for  coaling  engines,  and  also  with  the  side  track 
for  shipping  coal  in  car  loads.  A  year  or  so  later  a  track  was  run  into  the  engine  room 
of  the  jiaper  mill,  furnishing  it  witii  fuel  direct  from  the  mine. 

The  next  year  Mr.  Lee  rt-tircd  leaving  W.  J.  Piieips  and  W.  E.  Phelps  owners  of 
the  concern,  which  has  since  been  operated  under  tlie  style  of  the  Elmwood  Coal 
Company.  In  187.3  the  ])resent  shaft  was  put  down  and  fitted  up  tlie  following  sea.son. 
The  amount  of  coal  mined  averages  about  five  hundred  thousand  bushels  a  year, 
more  than  three-quarters  of  which  is  shipped  to  other  points.  The  number  of  men  em- 
ployed as  miners,  day  men,  drivers,  and  outside  helpers,  varies  with  the  season  from 
seventy-five  to  one  hundred.  The  seam  worked  is  what  is  known  ius  No.  (^,  or  the  mud 
seam  vein.  Borings  liave  been  made  which  show  that  there  are  two  good  wi>rkable  veins 
below,  and  a  comparison  of  the  strata  indie:  te  the  existence  of  yet  two  more  veins  still 
lower  down.  Arrangements  are  in  progress  for  the  development  of  these  lower  coals  on 
a  large  scale  at  an  early  day. 

W.  J.  Phelps  and  &  Son.  The  manufacture  of  brick  by  machinery  was  commenced 
by  James  Lee  &  Co.  in  18i)7.  In  187.T  \V.  J.  Phelps  it  Son  resumed  the  business  and 
have  made  made  over  a  million  each  year.  They  are  al.so  contracting  builders  and  have 
erected  several  of  tiie  principal  business  houses  as  well  as  a  number  of  small  residences  in 
the  village.  Four  years  ago  they  attached  a  saw  mill  to  tlie  engine  that  drives  the  brick 
machine  which  they  operate  in  Winter.  Tliey  also  get  out  each  Winter  a  quantity  of 
railroad  wood  which  is  sawed  ready  for  engine  use  at  the  mill.  This  business  employs 
from  forty  to  fifty  men  and  boys  in  the  Summer  and  about  half  that  number  in  the 
Winter. 

W.  E.  Phelps  &  Co.  In  18()6  W.  J.  Phelps,  A.  L.  Tracy,  J.  A.  Vandervoort.  L.  F. 
Jones,  J.  J.  Rose,  H.  P.  Tracy  and  W.  E.  Phelps  organized  a  stock  comiiany  for  the  pur- 
pose of  working  in  wood  and  iron.  A  machine  shop,  foundry,  wood  shop  and  blacksmith 
shop  were  built  and  fitted  with  necessary  machinery.  The  company  also  became  propri- 
etors of  Rose's  tin  upsetter,  puncii  and  shears,  then  just  jiatented. 

The  works  were  superintended  consecutively  by  J.  J.  Itose,  !<.  F.  Jones,  William 
Douglas  and  Samuel  West.  Various  manufacturing  ventures  were  tried,  but  the  concern 
lost  money,  and  finally  stopped  business  altogether.  W.  J.  Pheljis,  A.  L.  &  H.  P. 
Tracy,  and  Jones  &.  Vandervoort,  however,  paid  all  the  deiits.  and  as  a  consequence,  be- 
came owners  of  the  j)ropertv. 

In  1874  W.  E.  Ph.ii.s  jmrehased  the  interests  of  A.  L.  .t  H.  I*.  Tracy  and  Jones  & 
Vandervoort,  ami  with  W.  J.  Phelps  formed  the  jircsent  concern  of  W.  E.  Phelps  it  Co. 
The   principal   business   is  the  manufacture    of  tin    ujjsettcrs,    punches  and    shears,  tin 


HISTORY   OF  PEORIA   COUNTY.  591 

binders,  tyer  irons  of  various  patterns,  all  kinds  of  wap^on  castings,  sled  shoes,  and  bridge 
work,  wood-sawing  macliint's,  field  rollers,  stiilk  cutters,  and  various  other  articles  for 
the  wholesale  trade.  A  large  amount  of  work  is  turned  out  for  Chicago  and  St.  Louis 
jobbing  houses.  They  are  also  prepared  to  furnish  mining  supplies,  and  to  execute  job 
work  of  all  kinds  in  both  wood  and  iron.  A  few  wagons  are  turned  out  each  year,  and 
house  building  is  done  as  opportunity  offers.  The  shops  have  been  considerably  enlarged 
and  much  new  machinery  put  in.  The  business  is  prospering,  and  now  furnishes  con- 
stant employment  to  about  twenty  men. 

Elrawood  Paper  Manufacturing  Company  organized  1867,  with  a  capital  of  $20,000, 
which  was  increased  in  1869  to  $30,000.  The  property  was  sold  in  1871  under  trust  deed, 
and  purcliased  bj'  H.  P.Tracy,  who  has  operated  it  continuously  since,  turning  out  8,000 
pounds  straw  wrapping  per  day.  Use  some  2,000  tons  straw  annually  ;  300  bushels  coal 
delivered  daily  by  Elmwood  Coal  Co.  Market  for  paper,  Peoria  and  Missouri  river 
towns,  G.  E.  C.  Wheeler  &  Co.,  Peoria,  taking  1,000,000  pounds  annually. 

An  event  which  caused  much  excitement  in  Elmwood,  was  the  murder  of  Charles 
McNeil,  a  colored  barber,  by  another  negro,  named  Berkley  Lisbon,  on  Saturday 
night.  May  28,  1868.  The  incentive  to  the  murder,  as  given  by  Lisbon  in  his  confession, 
was  anger,  because  McNeil  owed  hira  money  and  he  could  not  get  it.  McNeil  was  killed 
in  his  own  house.  Mrs.  McNeil,  the  wife  of  rhe  murdered  man,  was  an  accomplice  in 
the  terrible  deed.  Both  were  convicted ;  Lisbon  was  sentenced  to  the  penitentiary  for 
life  ;  and  Mrs.  McNeil  for  fourteen  rears. 


HALLOCK  TOWNSHIP. 

The  geographical  designation  of  this  township  is  "  township  11,  N.  range,  8  E,"  and 
is  one  of  the  tier  of  townships  bordering  upou  Marshall  county.  It  forms  a  part  of 
the  northern  half  of  LaSalle  prairie.  The  township  contains  a  great  extent  of  bluff  and 
timber  lands,  a  belt  of  which  runs  through  its  center  from  nortli  to  south,  varying  in 
M'idth  from  nearly  four  miles  in  the  north,  to  a  little  over  one  mile  at  its  southern 
boundarj'.  The  twelve  western  sections  are  almost  free  of  timber,  and  contain  a  most 
excellent  body  of  land.     The  southeast  corner  is  also  clear,  and  splendid  farming  laud. 

The  first  settler  in  this  township  was  without  doubt  Lewis  Hallock,  who  came  to  it 
about  the  year  1820,  and  after  some  months  roving  about  among  the  Indians,  took  up 
some  land  and  iniilt  a  cabin  in  what  is  now  called  Hallock's  Hollow,  near  Union.  He 
was  a  native  of  Long  Island,  N.  Y.,  had  left  home  when  a  young  man,  wandered  west- 
ward, and  had  for  many  years  previous  to  his  appearance  in  Peoria  county,  lived  among 
the  Indians  in  Wisconsin  and  elsewhere,  gaining  a  livelihood  by  hunting  and  trap])ing.  At 
the  time  of  his  settlement  he  was  a  single  man,  and  about  182.5,  lived  for  some  time  with 
a  Frenchman  called  Osier,  who  was  the  government  interpreter  to  the  Pottawattomie 
Indians,  and  had  married  into  tiie  tribe.  In  the  Winter  of  1829,  he  married  a  Mrs. 
Wright,  a  daughter  of  Hiram  Cleveland,  and  bi-ought  her  to  his  cabin  in  the  hollow.  By 
her  he  had  one  child,  a  girl  called  Clarissa,  who  afterwards  married  Henrj'  Robinson. 
Hallock  died  April  1,  1857,  on  his  old  farm,  at  the  age  of  sixty-one  years.  He  was  a 
man  of  sterling  character,  upright  and  honest  in  all  his  dealings. 

About  1825,  settlers  from  the  East  began  to  drop  into  the  district,  Simon  and  Aaron 
Reed  came  from  Jackson  county,  O.,  in  November  of  that  jear,  and  they  were  closely 
followed  b}'  Moses  and  Samuel  Clifton,  Francis  Thomas,  Joseph  Meredith,  Cornelius 
Doty,  Resolve  and  Hiram  Cleveland.  Gerchom  Sillirnan  and  family,  and  William  Wright. 
In  1830,  Joel  Hicks  and  family,  and  Jeriel  Root,  with  his  sons  Erastus  C.  and  Lucas 
Root  came.  The  greater  part  of  these  settled  near  the  north  end  of  LaSalle  prairie. 
In  1880,  Joseph  Meredith  settled  on  Sec.  12,  and  kept  a  small  tavern,  for  the  accommo- 


592  HISTORY   OF  PEORIA   COUNTY. 

(lation  of  tlie  stage-drivers  and  travelers  on  the  main  road  between  Galena  and  Spring- 
field. 

In  the  last  days  of  June,  1836,  Roswell  Nurs  with  his  son  Isaiah  Nurs,  and  Ebenezcr 
Stdwell,  came  to  the  towiishiii  on  a  prospecting  tour.  They  started  from  Chenango  county, 
N.  Y.,  walking  to  Buffalo  and  coming  from  thence  to  Toledo  by  water,  again  took  the  road 
and  traveled  to  Hallock  township  on  foot,  with  rifle  on  shoulder  and  all  their  impedi- 
menta in  one  knapsack.  Taking  due  note  of  the  fine  land  yet  lying  unclaimed  in  the 
township,  they  pursued  a  zigzag  course  toward  t^uincy,  still  prospecting,  but  found  no 
lands  more  inviting,  and  on  arriving  forthwith  entered  their  land  in  the  Government 
Land  OflBce  at  Quincy,  and  returned  to  take  possession.  They  found  at  this  time  no  one 
living  north  of  Nortliampton,  but  in  the  Fall  of  the  same  "year  (1836)  Erastus  Root 
moved  to  his  present  location  on  Sec.  3. 

The  Winter  of  1831,  was  an  exceptionally  severe  one  all  over  the  West.  During 
the  Winter,  two  men,  strangers  to  the  settlers,  named  Dr.  Franklin  and  Mc.Millian,  with 
six  yoke  of  oxen  and  two  sleds,  loaded  with  goods  and  i)ound  for  Prairie  du  Chien, 
stopped  at  Simon  Reed's  and  after  a  stay  of  about  a  week,  during  which  they  liuilt 
another  sled,  and  hired  a  man  by  name  of  Cooper  to  go  with  tiiem,  started  some  time  in 
the  month  of  January,  and  were  soon  after  caught  in  a  terrible  northeast  snow  storm 
which  filled  up  the  track,  and  caused  them  to  lose  their  way.  Night  overtook  them 
when  out  on  the  prairie  near  Boyd's  Grove,  and  they  turned  the  oxen  loose  and  tried  to 
reach  Boyd's  on  foot.  Two  of  tiiem  penslie<l,  and  the  tiiinl  —  .McMillian  —  got  there 
next  morning  badly  frozen.  Eleven  of  the  oxen  were  frozen  to  death,  and  one  came  to 
Meredith's. 

The  deepest  snow  ever  known  in  the  township  fell  during  this  Winter.  It  was  three 
feet  deep  on  the  level,  and  the  drifts  were  in  some  places  fifteen  to  twenty  feet  deep. 
The  cold  was  steady  ami  intense.  The  deer  and  wild  hogs  died  in  great  numbers,  and  the 
prairie  cliickens.  quails,  etc.,  were  almost  entirely  destroyed. 

The  Black  Hawk  war  in  1832,  found  the  settlers  in  tliis  district  not  only  prepared 
for  self  defense,  but  to  take  tiie  field  against  their  treacherous  foe.  In  April,  of  that 
year,  Thomas  Reed,  Edwin  S.  Jones,  Lucas  Root,  James  Doty,  Elias  Love,  and  Simon 
Reed,  volunteered,  and  their  services  ware  accepted.  Simon  Reed  wiis  detailed  to  act  as 
teamster,  and  served  until  the  close  of  the  war.  The  others  named  were  at  the  front  for 
thirty  days,  and  afterwards  served  as  rangers  on  the  frontier  between  Peoria  and  Roek 
river,  until  they  received  their  discharge  at  the  close  of  tiie  war.  Previous  to  this  out- 
l)reak  the  Indians  were  quite  numerous  and  very  friendly.  The  Pottawattomies  had  three 
towns  in  or  near  the  townslii|) — one  on  the  land  now  occupied  by  Emory  Sillinnm  in 
Medina  township,  one  at  Smith's  Springs,  and  one  on  the  Senachwine  creek,  not  far 
from  the  i)ridge. 

The  first  mill  built  in  the  township  that  the  settlers  in  the  northern  part  of  it  ooidd 
easily  reach,  was  that  built  on  Senachwine  by  William  MofTatI,  one  and  a  half  miles 
Ciist  of  Northampton,  about  the  year  1834.  The  first  saw  mill  built  in  the  township,  and 
the  only  one  that  ever  did  any  amount  of  work,  was  erected  in  the  year  1838  by  Tliomius 
Ford,  in  the  N.  E.  }  of  sec.  13. 

This  settlement  formed  part  of  LaSalle  precinct.  Simon  Reed  was  the  first  justice 
of  the  peace,  and  was  appointed  to  the  office  prior  to  18"JS,  and  (Cornelius  Doty  was 
elected  justice  iti  tlie  Fall  of  1831.  This  election  took  place  at  the  only  polling  place  in 
LaSalle  precinct,  covering  nearly  one-half  of  the  northern  part  of  Peoiia  county,  on  sec. 
three  of  Medina  township. 

In  IH.OO  the  township  organization  was  adopted,  and  the  township  received  its  name, 
out  of  comi)liinent  to  its  oldest  settler,  Lewis  Hallock,  l»y  a  vote  of  the  citizens.  The 
first  supervisor  of  the  township  w;is  Walter  S.  Evans. 

The  present  oflScers  of  Hallock  township  (1879)  are,  supervisor,  S.  P.   Perkins; 


HISTORY  OF   PEORIA  COUNTY.  593 

town  clerk,  C.  C.  Lockwell ;  assessor,  Alonzo  Root :  collector,  R.  J.  Nurse  ;  road  com- 
missioners, John  Spicer,  Hiram  Rankin,  and  Justice  Stewart;  justices  of  the  peace,  W. 
E.  Smith  and  Samuel  Merril. 

The  only  village  situated  ejitirely  within  the  township  is  that  of  Northampton,  on 
Sec.  IB,  which  was  laid  off  by  Reuben  Hamlin  and  Mr.  Freeman  in  July,  1886.  Tlie  first 
house  therein  was  also  the  first  erected  in  the  township  as  a  tavern.  It  was  built  in  tlie 
Winter  of  1835-6  by  Reuben  Hamlin,  and  was  kept  as  a  public  house  by  him  for  many 
years.  He  came  from  near  Northampton,  Mass.,  and  he  named  the  village,  of  which  he 
was  the  founder,  after  it.  Aaron  Reed  was  the  first  settler  near  the  site  of  the  village, 
and  his  old  log  cabin  was  replaced  by  the  house  which  stands  beside  the  bridge,  near  the 
south  end  of  the  village. 

Nathaniel  Cliapin,  a  native  of  Massachusetts,  was  quite  a  prominent  resident  of  the 
village  about  1840.     He  held  the  office  of  justice  of  the  peace. 

The  population  of  the  village  is  at  present  but  little  over  100,  and  it  contains  one 
good  general  store,  kept  l)v  Mr.  C.  O.  Phillijjs,  who  is  also  postmaster. 

The  village  of  Lawn  Ridge  stands  upon  the  boundary  line  dividing  Peoria  and  Mar- 
shall counties,  and  has  a  population  of  about  500.  It  has  been  partially  platted  for  some 
years  by  individual  enterprise,  but  has  never  been  formall}'  laid  out.  Nathaniel  Smith, 
now  a  resident  of  New  York  State,  was  one  of  the  earliest  settlers  in  it.  It  has  two 
churches  —  a  Methodist  Episcopal,  and  a  Congregational — whose  congregations  are 
drawn  about  equally  from  the  two  counties. 

Congregational  Church.  —  Tlie  Congregational  Church  at  Lawn  Ridge  was  organized 
by  Rev.  Owen  Lovejoy,  wlio  was  then  a  settled  minister  in  Princeton,  Ills.,  in  Marcli, 
1845.  The  original  members  were  six  in  number,  viz  :  Ebenezer  Stowell  and  wife, 
Nathaniel  Smith  and  wife,  and  Dr.  A.  Wilmot  and  wife.  The  organization  took  place  in 
a  small  brick  school  house  in  Hallock,  which  had  been  built  about  seven  years  before. 
A  preacher  was  shortly  afterwards  hired,  and  with  help  from  the  Homa  Mission,  regular 
services  were  maintained  until  about  1848,  when,  owing  to  the  rapid  settling  up  of  the 
prairie  around  Lawn  Ridge,  the  place  of  meeting  was  transferred  there.  At  first  they 
met  in  the  school  house,  and  some  years  later  built  a  small  cliurch  which  they  continued 
to  occupj'  till  about  four  years  ago,  when  the  present  fine  building  was  erected,  at  a  cost 
of  about  $6,000.  It  is  the  best  church  building  in  the  county  west  of  Peoria.  Rev.  Hall 
is  the  present  pastor,  and  has  filled  that  position  for  over  six  years.  The  membership 
numbers  about  130.  Services  are  held  every  Sunday.  A  prosperous  Sunday  school  is 
connected  with  the  church,  having  an  attendance  of  from  ninety  to  one  hundred  children. 

Lawn  Ridge  M.  E.  Church.  —  Tlie  church  which  is  now  known  as  the  Lawn  Ridge 
M.  E.  Church,  was  built  during  the  Summer  of  1856,  on  the  land  of  David  Shane,  Sr., 
about  three  miles  south  of  Lawn  Ridge,  and  it  was  dedicated  by  Rev.  H.  Summers, 
under  the  name  of  the  Mount  Hedding  M.  E.  Church.  The  leading  movers  in  its  erec- 
tion were  David  Shane,  Sr.,  Isaac  Breidman,  and  John  Ferguson.  About  fourteen  years 
later,  owing  to  the  influx  of  so  many  Seventli  Day  Baptists  into  its  immediate  neighbor- 
hood, having  displaced  many  of  its  members,  it  was  decided  to  move  it  to  Lawn  Ridge, 
which  was  done  in  tlie  Spring  of  1871,  and  the  church  was  rededicated  July  22d  of  that 
year,  under  its  present  name.  It  is  a  plain,  substantial,  but  well  finished  building,  with 
a  seating  capacity  for  over  200  people.  Among  the  preachers  whose  ministries  are  nota- 
ble for  their  beneficial  results,  may  be  mentioned  Revs.  Ahal  Keller,  Chas.  H.  Brace, 
William  Wooley  and  H.  S.  Humes.  The  society  is  at  present  out  of  debt,  and  is  finan- 
cially and  sjiiritually  in  a  prosperous  condition,  under  the  pastorship  of  Rev.  Geo.  M. 
Bassett. 

Lawn  Ridge  Lodge  No.  415,  A.  F.  &  A.  M.,  was  organized  under  dispensation  May 
18,  1864,  and  was  chartered  by  Grand  Lodge  of  Illinois  October  5,  1864,  with  ten  origi- 
nal members.     Its  first  officers  were  W.  M.,  Henry  A.  Raney  ;    S.  W.,  Amos  F.  Leigh  ; 


594  HISTORY   OF   PEORIA   COUNTY. 

.1.  W..  .Inl.ii  B.  Pliillips  ;  Seeretarv,  W.  H.  Wilniot ;  Treasurer,  E.  Sickles.  Those  now 
in  office  are.  W.  M..  John  B.  Phillips;  S.  W.,  Elijah  Stowell;  J.  W.,  N.  P.  Green: 
Secretary,  Jolin  Morris ;  Treasurer,  Stephen  Cornell.  The  lodge  has  about  thirty  mem- 
bers, and  tie  regular  meetings  are  held  on  the  Wednesday  nights  on  or  before  full  moon, 
in  a  nicely  furnished,  and  well  appointed  little  hall,  devoted  to  its  sole  use. 

The  village  contains  two  good  general  stores,  two  hotels,  a  post  office  attended  to  by 
Mr.  Stephen  Corm-ll.  and  a  good  public  hall,  built  by  a  stock  company,  capable  of  seat- 
ing •")00  peojjle,  an<l  situated  above  the  public  school. 

The  hamlet  of  West  Hallock  is  almost  entirely  in  Akron  township,  opposite  section 
19  of  Hallock  township.  It  contains  a  cheese  factory,  which  has  been  in  operation  for 
some  years,  mentioned  in  the  history  of  the  township  in  which  it  is  located.  It  also  has 
a  good  general  store  and  post  office,  under  the  care  of  Mr.  Potter. 

Seventh  Day  Baptitst  Church.  —  The  only  church  in  the  village  is  that  of  the  Seventh 
Day  Baptists.  In  the  year  184."),  Elder  Anthony  Hakes  came  to  the  township,  and  was 
followed  .some  three  years  later  by  his  brother,  Daniel  Hakes,  and  John  Simpson,  who 
had  been  connected  with  a  church  of  that  faith  in  the  State  of  New  York.  They  kept 
holy  the  seventh  daj-.  In  due  time  accessions  were  made  to  their  number,  and  meetings 
were  held  from  house  to  house  until  the  erection  of  the  Academy  building  in  1849.  when 
it  was  made  their  jilace  of  worship,  and  there  on  the  3d  day  of  September,  18-')2,  the 
church  was  organized  l)y  Elder  Coon,  with  fourteen  original  members.  The  society  grew 
yearly  in  numbers,  and  in  1871  it  was  found  expedient  to  erect  a  larger  and  more  com- 
fortable structure  for  their  sole  use.  The  present  house  was  accordingly  put  up  in  the 
Summer  of  that  year,  at  a  cost  of  So, .500,  the  whole  of  which  was  pledged  by  the  adhe- 
rents and  friends  of  the  church,  l)efore  any  thing  was  done  towards  its  construction.  The 
building  is  a  neat  and  sul)stantial  one.  and  can  comfortably  seat  about  "2^)0  people.  El- 
der A.  Hakes  was  the  founder  of  the  church,  and  for  many  years  before  its  organization 
preached  as  a  layman  to  the  Baptists  in  Hallock  and  the  surrounding  townships.  After 
organization  he  was  ordained  minister,  and  had  charge  of  the  congregation  for  some 
years.  Rev.  H.  B.  Lewis  is  the  present  pastor,  and  has  been  with  them  since  May,  1879. 
The  church  is  very  prosperous,  and  has  a  membershij)  of  about  l.')0.  Daniel  Hakes  has 
been  for  many  years  superintendent  of  Sabbath  school,  and  still  holds  that  office.  Its 
average  attendance  is  over  100  children.  Besides  these  three  villages  there  are  two 
post  offices  in  the  township,  Southampton,  situated  in  S.  E.  ^  of  section  30,  and  Hallock 
(often  improperly  called  Blue  Ridge),  on  the  middle  of  the  northern  boundary  of  sec- 
tion 10. 

Hallock  M.  E.  Church. —  The  first  Methodist  sermon  preaclied  in  this  district  was 
by  Rev.  Milton  Smith,  a  local  preacher,  about  the  year  1839.  in  a  log  cabin  which  stood 
on  the  site  now  occupied  by  the  house  of  Isaiah  Nurs.  on  section  3.  In  1841  a  two  days' 
meeting  was  appointed  to  be  held  in  the  brick  school-house  then  in  process  of  erection  at 
Hallock.  PVom  this  time  forward  regular  preaching  was  held  every  two  weeks  till  1849, 
when  a  joint  movenu-nt  was  made  by  the  Methodists  and  Congrcgatiomilists  in  the  vicin- 
ity for  the  erection  of  a  I'hiirch.  resulting  in  the  present  iuiililing.  in  the  Summer  of  that 
year.  Robert  Will  donated  the  land  now  occupied  by  the  ciiurch,  school  and  graveyard. 
The  church  was  u.sed  on  alternate  Sundays  by  the  Methodists  and  Congregationalists. 
until  the  meeting  place  of  the  latter  body  was  changed  to  Lawn  Ridge,  and  it  is  now  and 
always  was,  a  free  ihurch,  used  for  the  meetings  of  all  denominations.  The  first  cost  was 
ai)out  |i800,  and  when  it  wius  finishi-d  and  completely  seated,  siune  seven  or  eight  years 
later,  near  ill. '200.     It  has  a  seating  capacity  for  200. 

The  Union  Baplimt  Church  is  locateil  at  Union,  on  section  2fi,  and  its  congregation 
was  formerly  connected  with  the  Chillicothe  Baptist  Cluinh.  It  was  (uganizeil  Juno 
19.  l.H')8.  with  thirteen  memi)ers,  as  follows:  Thomas  B.  Reed,  Sanford  Reeil,  Amy  Sil- 
linian,  Simon  Reed,  Walter  S.   Evans,  .Sarah    Kirkpatrick,   Mary   Baggs,  Frances  Reed, 


HISTORY   OF   PEOUIA   COUNTY.  595 

Nancy  Spraijue,  Levi  Spvague,  C.  Reed  anil  Amy  Reed.  Only  two  of  these  are  now- 
alive.  In  July  of  the  same  year  Elder  Antliony  Hakes  was  chosen  pastor,  and  preached 
once  in  two  weeks.  The  churcli  was  erected  immediately  after  the  organization,  by  the 
Methodists  and  Baptists  of  the  neigliborhood  in  common,  and  was  in  consequence  called 
tlie  Union  churcli.  It  was  occupied  by  these  societies  in  common  until  1873,  when  the 
Methodist  interest  was  brouglit  out  by  tlie  Baptists,  and  tlie  building  assumed  its  pres- 
ent name.  The  present  pastor,  Rev.  R.Tyrrell,  came  to  them  from  Michigan,  in  March, 
1879.  The  building  is  a  substantial  one,  and  cost  originally  about  f  1,000.  The  present 
membership  is  about  seventy-five. 

Schools.  —  The  first  school  ever  taught  within  the  pr^esent  bounds  of  the  township 
was  located  on  the  present  site  of  Harrison  Reed's  house,  and  was  taught  during  the 
Winters  of  1829  and  1830,  by  Lucia  Root,  daughter  of  Jeriah  Root.  The  first  school- 
house  built  in  the  district,  stood  near  Joel  Hick"s  place  on  sec.  32.  It  was  erected  in  the 
Fall  of  1836,  and  was  removed  about  eight  years  afterwards  to  the  Hallock  farm.  In  the 
northern  part  of  the  townsliip  a  little  school  was  taught  during  tlie  Summers  of  1839  and 
1810,  in  a  log  cabin  where  the  house  of  Isaiah  Nurs  now  stands.  Fiducia  Bliss  was  the 
teaclier.  In  1841  the  first  school-house  in  what  is  now  School  District  No.  1,  was  erected 
It  was  18  ft.  square  and  was  built  of  brick.  Sarah  Fosdick  was  among  the  earliest  of  the 
teachers.  The  present  school-house  in  that  district  was  built  in  18.36,  and  stands  near 
the  S.  E.  cor.  of  the  S.  W.  \  of  sec.  3.  It  is  well  fitted  up  and  can  accommodate  sixty 
children.  In  School  District  No.  5,  the  first  school  was  taught  in  an  old  log  cabin  which 
stood  a  little  south  and  east  from  where  O.  M.  Miller's  dwelling  now  stands,  and  was 
used  for  that  purpose  about  tlie  year  1851.  Joseph  Gallup  was  then  its  teacher.  In  1856 
the  present  school-house  was  built.  School  District  No.  6,  was  originally  composed  of 
portions  of  Peoria,  Stark,  and  Marshall  counties,  and  was  reconstructed  in  its  present 
limits  in  1860.  It  was  the  last  school  district  to  be  organized  in  the  township.  The  first 
public  school  was  built  about  1857  at  a  cost  of  1800,  and  in  1866  to  accommodate  the 
growing  wants  of  the  district,  the  present  school  was  erected  at  a  cost  of  about  '11,400. 

In  the  West  Hallock  district  the  structure  now  occupied  as  a  public  school  was 
erected  in  the  Fall  of  1856  :is  an  academy,  and  was  occupied -as  such  for  about  five  years, 
when  it  fell  into  the  hands  of  the  school  trustees,  and  has  since  been  conducted  as  a  pub- 
lic school. 

The  school  in  District  No.  4,  was  erected  about  ten  years  ago  and  stands  on  sec.  32. 
It  was  the  first  school  in  that  section. 


MOLLIS    TOWNSHIP. 

HoUis  township  is  bounded  on  the  north  by  Limestone,  west  by  Timber,  aud  the 
south  and  east  by  the  Illinois  river,  directly  opposite  the  city  of  Pekin.  and  about  six 
miles  southwest  from  the  city  of  Peoria.  Tlie  lands  on  the  Illinois  river  are  unimproved 
bottom  lands,  but  along  the  bluff,  on  tlie  line  of  the  Toledo,  Peoria  &  Warsaw  R.  R.,  are 
some  of  the  most  valuable  coal  mines  in  the  State.  In  the  northwestern  portion  of  tlie 
township,  and  along  the  crest  of  the  bluffs,  are  some  extensive  and  very  fertile  farms. 
Among  the  early  settlers  that  came  to  the  township  was  Wm.  Martin,  a  native  of  Wash- 
ington county,  New  York,  where  he  married  Margaret  Scott,  and  came  in  1837.  Mr. 
Martin  was  the  first  justice  of  the  peace  in  the  township.  S.  D.  Buck,  a  native  of  Cay- 
uga, New  York,  came  in  1837.  E.  W.  Homan  came  from  Kentucky  in  1835.  In  1832, 
Peter  Muchler,  a  native  of  Lancaster,  Pennsylvania,  came  to  the  township.  S.  C.  Wheeler 
came  from  Hamilton  county,  Ohio,  in  1844.  The  township  was  organized  in  1850,  and 
derived  its  name  from  a  man  by  the  name  of  Denzel  Hollis,  who  came  among  the  early 
settlers,  and  was  a  native  of  England. 


596  HISTORY   OF   PEORIA   COUNTi" 

H0LLI8  VILLAGE 

Is  situated  on  the  T.  P.  &  W.  K.  R..  six  miles  southwest  of  Peoria.  It  was  laid  out 
Septcniher  8,  ISfiS,  l)y  E.  J.  and  M.  A.  Jones,  and  is  a  minin<j  villatje.  The  Hollis  mines 
are  owned  liy  Hamilton  it  Carter.  There  is  also  one  run  hy  a  corpt)ration.  The  Orchard 
mines  are  owned  and  operated  hy  the  Newsam  Brothers,  who  also  have  the  only  store, 
where  they  carry  a  general  stock  of  about  82.000. 

MAPLETON. 

Mapleton  village  is  located  on  the  T.,  P.  &  W.  R.  R.,  twelve  miles  southwest  of 
Peoria.  It  was  laid  out  in  1868,  by  William  Maples,  now  of  Mi.ssouri.  and  hius  about  100 
inhabitants.  There  are  three  coal  mines,  one  owned  and  operated  by  Linsley  &  Walker, 
who  emplo}'  forty  men.  The  Mapleton  mine  is  owned  b}'  Mansfield,  Gilfoy  &  J.  T.  Lins- 
ley, and  employs  twenty-five  men.  The  mine  is  half  a  mile  east  of  Mapleton.  and  wius 
formerly  owned  by  Neil,  McGrew  &  Co.,  but  is  at  present  operated  by  Frank  Newsman, 
who  works  twenty-three  mines. 

There  are  two  general  stores,  one  owned  and  run  by  Thomas  Linsley,  who  carries  a 
stock  of  $3,000,  and  has  an  annual  business  of  $15,000  ;  the  other  by  Frank  Newsam, 
who  commenced  business  in  1874,  and  in  1876  erected  a  large,  commodious  store  build- 
ing, where  he  keeps  a  stock  of  from  S3, .500  to  $4,000,  and  does  an  annual  trade  of  from 
$15,000  to  •S-20,000. 

Lamarsh  B'lptist  Church,  Maple  Itidije.  —  This  church  was  organized  October  27. 
1838,  with  fourteen  original  members,  who  had  come  from  Guernsey  county,  Ohio.  The 
original  members  were  Isaac  and  Sarah  Maples.  Robert  and  Rebecca  Buchanan,  Abram 
Maples,  William  and  Mary  Ma[)les.  Hugh  and  Sidney  Ann  Jones,  Mrs.  Harker  and  Eliza 
Jones.  The  settlement  in  which  this  church  was  formed  contained  a  population  of  one 
hundred,  which  has  increased  to  over  eiglit  hundred.  The  nearest  Baptist  church  was 
at  Peoria,  twelve  miles  distant.  This  little  church  was  at  first  surrounded  by  Methodist 
influence,  but  now  occupies  almost  the  entire  religious  field  in  the  community.  Elder 
A.  M.  Gardner  served  as  pastor  of  this  church  from  its  organization  until  August,  1848, 
a  period  of  nearly  ten  years. 

The  church  continued  (juite  small  for  several  years,  never  reporting  more  than 
twenty-two  members.  In  1847  it  had  increased  to  thirty  members.  In  January,  1840, 
Elder  Wm.  T.  Bly  became  pastor  of  the  church,  residing  at  Washington,  Tazewell 
county,  and  preaching  at  Lamarsh  half  of  the  time.  The  association  held  its  sessions 
with  this  church  in  June,  1840.  The  meetings  were  held  in  a  barn  for  the  want  of  a 
house  of  worship.  After  the  association  adjourned,  some  of  the  ministers,  among  whom 
were  Ehbsrs  H.  G.  Weston  and  S.  G.  Miner,  remained  and  continued  a  series  of  meetings 
for  some  days.  A  glorious  revival  commenced,  whicli  eontinue<l  through  the  year,  and 
in  1850  the  church  reported  fifty-eight  baptisms  and  102  members.  The  following  year 
eight  more  members  were  added. 

Elder  Bly  closed  his  labors  as  pastor  in  June,  1851.  in  July,  1851,  Elder  Joel  Sweet, 
who  was  also  preaching  at  Trivoli  part  of  the  time,  became  pastor  of  tiiis  church.  There 
Wius  another  revival  in  1852,  when  twenty-one  were  received  into  the  church.  Elder 
Sweet  closed  his  labors  as  pastor  in  July,  1855. 

Immediately  after  the  meeting  of  the  as.sociation  in  lS40,  the  cliurch  commenced 
the  erection  of  a  house  of  worship  30  i)y  45  feet,  which  cost  about  one  thousand  dollars. 
Elder  John  Edminister  began  his  pastoral  labors  in  1855.  and  continued  lor  .some  years. 
Tiie  first  deacons  were  William  Slaples  and  John  Mc(Jee.  The  present  trustees  are 
Abram  .Maples,  Josfpli  liornlMnker  and  Samuel  Walters.  Deacons  are  Elijah  Starks, 
Samuel  Walters  and  Benjamin  Hart.  Of  the  original  members  two  are  still  living  — 
Abram  and  Isaac  Maples. 


HISTOKY   OP   PEORIA  COUNTY.  597 

Schools.  —  HoUis  townsliip  contains  six  school  districts,  each  of  which  is  furnished 
with  a  comfortal)le,  substantial  frame  house.  Careful  attention  isj)aid  by  the  local  school 
officers  to  the  selection  of  competent  teachers,  for  wiiicli  fair  salaries  are  paid,  and  the 
schools  are  all  creditable  and  prosperous. 


JUBILEE  TOWNSHIP. 

The  first  settlements  in  Jubilee  townsliip  were  made  in  1835,  by  Clark  D.  Powell, 
Roswell  Walker,  Samuel  Johnson,  A.  W.  Harkness,  Jacob  Snyder,  Samuel  Snider,  Daniel 
Stansbury,  David  Shane,  and  Mrs.  Lambert,  of  whom  only  two  are  now  living,  viz. : 
Samuel  Snider  and  A.  W.  Harkness. 

Rev.  Philander  Chase,  Bishop  of  Illinois,  secured  funds  from  the  friends  of  the 
Protestant  Episcopal  Church  in  America  and  England,  in  1836,  with  it  he  founded  the 
Jubilee  College,  selecting  lands  in  section  25,  and  came  with  his  family  into  the 
township.  He  called  the  place  "  Robins'  Nest,"  because,  as  he  says,  his  first  dwelling 
was  "  built  of  mud  and  sticks  and  filled  with  young  ones,"  and  the  place  is  called  by  that 
name  to  this  day.  It  is  the  only  postoffice  in  the  township.  Although  the  village  was 
known  at  this  early  date,  there  is  perhaps  now  not  over  a  score  of  houses  within  its 
limits.  Bishop  Chase  was  the  first  postmaster,  and  was  appointed  in  1837.  On  the  3d 
day  of  April,  1839,  Bishop  Chase  laid  the  corner-stone  of  the  chapel  of  the  Jubilee  Col- 
lege, fronj  which  the  township  was  afterwards  named.  Noah  Alden  and  Hiram  Shane 
were  the  first  justices  of  the  peace  ;  they  were  appointed  in  1843. 

Prominent  among  the  citizens  of  this  township  is  the  name  of  Gilbert  Hathaway, 
who  settled  here  in  1838,  and  has  always  taken  an  active  part  in  the  affairs  of  the  town. 
He  held  the  oifice  of  assessor  five  years,  collector  four  years,  and  supervisor  two  years  ; 
and  held  the  office  of  township  treasurer  for  twenty-seven  years  continuously,  from  1851 
to  1878.  Mr.  Hathaway  has  dealt  considerabl}'  in  real  estate  in  his  town,  and  has  done 
much  to  improve  and  build  up  the  township.  Hon.  William  Rowcliffe,  residing  on  sec- 
tion 11,  has  also  taken  an  active  part  in  the  township,  as  well  as  the  county  mat- 
ters ;  has  held  nearly  all  the  offices  of  thi  town,  and  has  honorably  acquitted  himself  as 
a  member  of  the  General  Assembly.  His  prospects  are  perhaps  as  favorable  as  any  man 
in  the  townsliip  for  further  promotion  ;  in  fact,  his  influence  throughout  the  county  is 
probably  greater  than  any  other  man  in  the  township.  J.  B.  Slocum,  one  of  the  early 
settlers  of  Jubilee,  although  not  taking  so  active  a  part  in  the  public  affairs  of  the  town 
and  county,  has  held  many  of  the  offices  from  time  to  time,  and  been  counted  as  one  of 
the  leading  men  of  the  place.  He  has  dealt  largely  in  real  estate,  and  improved  a  num- 
ber of  farms  in  the  township,  but  has  resided  for  some  thirty  years  on  section  29,  and 
now  owns  a  farm  of  over  two  hundred  acres  on  sections  20  and  29. 

Jubilee  was  first  divided  into  four  school  districts,  viz. :  number  one,  or  the  Rowcliffe 
district ;  number  two,  or  the  Shane  district,  which  built  its  first  school-house  in  1847  ; 
number  three,  or  the  brick  school-house  district,  which  was  built  in  1848  ;  number  four, 
or  the  Bramble  district,  which  built  its  house  in  1850.  Nathaniel  F.  Shaw  was  the  first 
teacher  of  a  public  sciiool  in  the  township.  The  first  marriage  was  that  of  Samuel  Snider 
to  Mary  Jane  Stansbury,  in  1839.  Samuel,  son  of  Daniel  Stansbury,  was  the  first  child 
born.  Mr.  Squires,  who  lived  on  the  southern  line  of  the  township,  was  the  first  person 
who  died  in  the  township  after  its  settlement.  Rev.  L.  N.  Hall  preached  the  first  ser- 
mon, in  the  house  of  Jacob  Snyder.  There  has  never  been  a  house  of  worship  erected  in 
the  township,  except  the  ciiapel  referred  to  in  connection  with  the  college,  but  arrange- 
ments are  now  being  made  to  build  a  Lutheran  church  on  section  28,  and  also 
a  Methodist  church  on  section  33.  A  part  of  the  jilat  of  land  set  apart  for  the 
Lutheran  church  is  tcr-be  used  as  a  cemetery.     The  first  person  buried  liere  was  the  wife 


5d8  HISTORY  OF  PEORIA  COUNTY. 

of  Philip  Killstadt,  who  died  April  1  j,  A.  D.  1880.  Tiie  school-house  known  as  the 
Town  House,  is  built  on  section  15,  where  all  township  meetinj^s  and  elections  are 
held.  The  increase  of  population  in  this  township  has  .so  augmented  the  demand  for  edu- 
cational facilities  that  the  number  of  school  districts  is  now  not  less  than  nine,  with  very 
good  school-houses  in  each.  The  principal  market  for  this  township  is  at  Brimfield,  one 
mile  from  the  western  line  of  the  township.  The  postofBce  at  Kobins'  Nest  is  now  kept 
by  Benjamin  Tucker,  an  old  resident  of  the  place.  The  present  oflBcers  are  as  follows: 
Supervisor,  Peter  Cahill  ;  collector,  George  Rowcliffe  ;  assessor,  Cecil  Moss  ;  town  clerk, 
Frank  Coulson  ;  township  treasurer  and  justice  of  the  peace,  Thomas  Pacy  ;  justice  of  the 
peace,  \Vm.  Rowcliffe  ;  constables,  Phil.  Lully  and  George  Rowcliffe. 

This  township  is  well  watered  by  numerous  branches  of  the  Kickapoo  and  their  trib- 
utaries. There  is  plenty  of  timber  throughout  the  whole  area,  and  stone  and  coal  of  good 
quality  abound.  Jubilee,  although  not  as  rich  as  some  of  the  neighboring  towns,  is  per- 
haps as  favorable  a  locality  as  can  be  found  in  this  section  of  the  county.  It  is  sur- 
rounded by  railroads  on  all  sides,  at  distances  varying  from  a  few  rods  to  three  or  four 
miles,  and  yet  it  has  never  voted  any  tax  or  bonds  for  either  road,  and  hence  it  is  as  free 
from  debt  as  any  town  in  the  county ;  and  its  taxes  lighter,  perhaps,  than  any  of  the 
surrounding  towns. 


KICKAPOO  TOWNSHIP. 

Town  9  north,  range  8  east,  took  its  name  from  the  creek  which  flows  through  it. 
Kickapoo  is  an  Indian  term  and  signifies  red  bud.  The  stream  was  so  named  from  the 
abundance  of  that  shrub  that  grew  along  its  banks.  The  townsljip  dates  its  settlement 
from  18.34.  John  L.  Wakefield,  now  of  Radnor,  claims  to  have  been  the  first  settler,  in 
that  year.  Francis  Pond.  George  ().  Kingsley,  came  to  the  township  in  the  Fall  of 
1834,  and  kept  bach,  and  shook  with  the  ague  in  a  cabin  on  the  farm  where  Mrs.  Mary 
Kingsley  now  lives.  John  Cnyle  and  Israel  Pinckney  came  the  same  Fall.  The  former 
settled  on  the  farm  now  owned  by  Joseph  Voorhees,  and  was  afterwards  one  of  the  pro- 
prietors of  Kickapoo  village.  Mr."  Pinckney  built  his  cabin  on  S.  E.  of  Sec.  12.  He 
came  from  New  York  city.  TheKingsleys  were  natives  of  \''crmont.  They  both  married 
and  reared  famlies,  and  died  in  tiie  townsliip,  George  in  IHtiH,  and  Francis  in  1873. 

Others  soon  followed  tiiese  first  pioneers.  Samuel  Dinnon  came  from  Connecticut 
in  1838  and  located  on  Sec.  10,  where  he  still  resides.  Gideon  Thomas,  father  of  John 
A.,  came  to  the  townshij)  in  1844  and  settled  where  J.  A.  Thomas  now  lives. 

Hales  Mill.  —  In  1834  William  Hale,  then  sheriff  of  Oswego  county,  N.  Y.,  being 
West  on  official  duty,  visited  the  Kickapoo  valley  and  selected  a  mill  site  at  what  is  now 
the  upper  end  of  Pottstown.  He  returned  home,  resigned  his  offioe.  and  in  the  Spring 
of  183.">  came  back  accompanied  with  George  Greenwood,  John  Kasioii,  and  Waldo 
Holmes,  and  erected  a  saw  mill  on  the  site  that  year.  The  following  Winter  material  was 
jjrepared,  and  in  the  Spring  of  183o  a  flouring  mill  was  raised.  He  brought  the  neces- 
sary machinery  and  his  family  by  wagon  from  Albany,  N.  Y.,  that  Summer,  and  the  mill 
was  completed  and  set  to  running  in  tlie  Spiing  of  18;iT.  It  was  visited  liy  settlors  for  a 
radius  of  thirty  miles,  and  was  crowded  with  Inisiness.  The  water  supply  giving  out  in 
1848,  steam  was  substituted,  and  Mr.  Hale  controlled  the  property  until  his  death,  in 
18.')9.     Tiie  mill  was  converted  into  a  ilistiller}',  which  was  destroyed  by  tiie  in  1807. 

Mr.  Hale  donated  a  tract  of  land  for  burial,  religions,  and  school  purposes,  and 
erected  a  small  house  thereon.  .\  R(!V.  Mr.  Heggs  was  one  of  the  first  preachers  to  visit 
the  Hale's  Mill  settlement.  He  held  services  there  and  organized  a  Methodist  society, 
which  flourished  a  number  of  years,  and  at  one  lime  eoiilained  one  hundred  and  fifty 
niembeis,  but  is  now   extinct. 


HISTORY   OF  PEORIA  COUNTY.  599 


KICKAPOO    VILLAGE. 


Tlie  village  plat  was  laid  off  in  July,  1836.  The  plat  was  entered  for  record  in  the 
name  of  John  Coyle.  The  town  site  is  in  the  southwest  quarter  of  Sec.  6.  About  one- 
half  of  this  quarter  section  was  laid  off  in  town  lots  with  a  public  square  in  the  center. 
Tiie  first  house  on  the  village  site  was  erected  by  Mr.  Jenkins  on  the  site  now  occupied 
by  Valentine  Schlenk's  hotel  property,  long  known  as  the  Kickapoo  House.  The 
original  building  is  included  in  the  hotel  building.  It  was  designed  for  a  storeroom,  and 
was  used  for  that  purpose  for  a  short  time  by  Mr.  Jenkins,  when  additions  were  made 
for  hotel  purposes. 

The  honor  of  opening  the  first  store  is  generally  accredited  to  Richard  F.  Seabury, 
now  of  Peoria. 

At  one  time,  until  the  railroads  surrounded  it,  there  was  a  good  trade  at  this 
ancient  village. 

Baptist  Church. — This  church  society  was  formally  organized  on  the  29th  day  of 
March,  1851.  Irregular  services  were  held  previous  to  this  date  at  various  places,  as  a 
good  many  Baptist  people  had  settled  in  the  vicinity  of  the  village.  The  organization 
sermon  was  preached  by  Elder  H.  G.  Weston. 

The  following  were  tlie  constituent  members:  Moses  Smith,  Evan  Evans  and  wife, 
Thomas  Fallyn  and  wife,  Anthony  Fallyn  and  wife,  Joseph  Fallyn,  George  H.  Frye  and 
wife,  John  Ford  and  wife,  George  W.  Weston  and  wife,  Elizabeth  Bell  and  Fanny  Hux- 
table.  Soon  after  a  subscription  was  circulated  and  a  frame  house  of  worship  was  built, 
and  completed  in  1853,  during  the  administration  of  Elder  Freeman  as  pastor. 

The  present  membership  is  about  thirty-five.  Services  are  held  every  alternate  Sun- 
day, Elder  Armstrong  of  Stark  county  officiating.     John  Marshall  is  church  clerk. 

G-erman  Catholic  Church. — In  1861  the  German  Catholics  hereabouts  bought  the 
ground  and  the  standing  walls  of  the  Episcopal  church  edifice,  which  had  been  burned, 
for  •$324,  and  at  once  commenced  to  reconstruct  the  building.  Rev.  Father  Fronenhofer 
was  priest  at  that  time,  and  under  his  careful  management  the  edifice  was  comijleted  in 
the  Fall  of  1862,  for  the  sum  of  $842,  making  the  cost  of  the  church  edifice  thus  far 
$1,166.     In  1869  an  addition  was  made  to  the  church  building  costing  $1,725. 

The  lots  and  old  parsonage  building  adjoining  the  church  were  bought  in  1862  for 
!|350.  The  house  was  remodeled  and  repaired.  August  4,  1876,  the  church  authorities 
contracted  with  Gottfried  Herweg,  of  Peoria,  for  the  erection  of  the  present  parsonage  at 
$1,600.  The  society  includes  forty-five  families.  Rev.  Father  Anton  Schmitz  has  been  the 
officiating  priest  since  September  20,  1877.  A  good  school  is  maintained  in  connection  with 
this  church  about  nine  months  of  each  year,  in  which  both  German  and  English  is  taught. 

Episcopal  Church. —  The  first  church  edifice  erected  on  the  village  plat  was  the 
Episcopal  Church,  built  in  1845.  The  settlement  of  Bishop  Chase  at  Jubilee,  and  the 
erection  of  a  college  there,  influenced  a  goodly  number  of  people  of  the  Episcopal  faith 
to  locate  in  the  vicinity.  They  erected  a  house  of  worship  which  continued  in  the  pos- 
session of  the  Episcopal  people  for  fifteen  years,  until  partially  destroyed  by  fire  in  1860. 
The  ground  and  the  standing  brick  walls  were  sold  to  the  German  Catholics,  by  whom 
it  was  re-constructed,  the  old  walls  forming  a  part  of  their  present  very  handsome  church 
edifice. 

Methodist  Episcopal  Church. —  The  first  M.  E.  services  here  were  held  about  1843. 
At  that  time  Kickapoo  was  included  in  what  was  then  known  as  the  Brimfield  Circuit, 
Rock  River  Conference.  The  first  services  were  conducted  by  a  Rev.  Mr.  Whitmon,  at 
the  iiouse  of  William  Young.  In  1854,  Rev.  Henry  Somers  was  presiding  elder  of  the 
Kickapoo  Circuit,  and  Rev.  P.  F.  Rhodes,  preacher  in  charge.  Under  the  ministerial 
labors  of  Mr.  Rliodes,  guided  by  Mr.  Somers,  the  present  church  edifice  was  commenced 
and  completed  in  1855,  at  a  cost  of  $1,662.       It  was  dedicated  by  Rev.  Mr.  Johnson,  of 


600  HISTORY   OF   PEORIA  COUNTY. 

Peoria.     The  present  membership  at  the   Kickapoo  appointment  is  about  twenty-five 
members,  and  a  well  conducted  Sabbath  school,  James  Dunseth,  superintendent. 

Enijlish  Lutheran  Church. — The  Lutheran  church  edifice  was  built  in  1867,  at  a  cost 
of  $2,2o0.  Regular  services  were  maintained  until  the  Spring  of  1877.  Since  then, 
services  have  been  held  at  irregular  periods.  The  Missouri  Lutherans  hold  services  in 
this  church  edifice  every  two  weeks. 

EDWAKDS  STATION. 

This  is  a  mining  and  railway  station  on  the  Peoria  and  Galesburg  division  of  the 
Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quiney  Railroad,  and  is  located  on  section  nineteen.  By  rail  it 
is  fourteen  miles,  and  by  wagon  road,  ten  miles,  west  from  Peoria.  It  is  not  a  regularly 
laid  out  town,  but  more  of  a  mining  hamlet.  The  houses  are  built  with  but  little  regard 
to  the  points  of  the  compass.  The  first  man  to  settle  here  was  Is;iac  Jones,  who  built  a 
cabin  on  the  side  of  the  hill,  very  nearly  where  Wilkinson  &  Wantling's  coal  shaft  is 
operated.     He  died  in  1840. 

The  next  house  on  the  ground  covered  by  the  Station  was  built  b)'  Conrad  Beck,  in 
1851.     The  school-house  was  built  in  1865. 

E.  D.  Edwards  opened  the  first  store,  in  1851.  He  died  in  1857.  In  1876,  Wilkin- 
son &  Edwards  opened  a  general  store  which  still  continues. 

In  1853,  two  years  after  he  commenced  business  at  the  Station,  E.  I).  Edwards  built 
a  steam  flouring  mill  here,  which  was  successfully  conducted  until  1866  or  '67,  when  it- 
was  destroyed  by  fire.     It  has  never  been  rebuilt. 

Coal  Mining. — In  1860,  Dr.  Wilkinson  commenced  buying  coal  bearing  lands  in  the 
vicinity  of  the  Station.  He  bought  from  time  to  time,  as  such  lands  were  offered,  until 
he  now  owns  nearly  1,000  acres  of  coal  bearing  land  adjacent  to  the  Station. 

In  December,  1870,  Dr.  Wilkinson  had  completed  arrangements  for  a  thorough  de- 
velopment of  his  mining  interests,  and  associated  Isaac  Wantling,  an  experienced  miner, 
with  him  in  their  management.  Active  operation.s  were  commenced  in  January,  1877, 
and  successfully  prosecuted  ;  they  possess  a  capacity  for  supplying  twenty  car-loads  of 
coal  per  day,  which  can  be  indefinitely  increased.  There  are  two  drift  veins  of  four  and 
five  feet  in  thickness  that  are  easily  accessible,  on  the  Wilkinson  lands,  the  extent  of 
which  is  unknown.  Each  one  of  these  drifts,  as  far  as  worked,  will  yield  1,000  bushels 
of  coal  to  each  square  rod,  or  40,000  tons  to  tlie  acre. 

M.  E.  Church. — The  first  services  were  held  at  the  Station  and  the  society  organized 
by  Rev.  J.  Kearns  and  his  colleague.  Rev.  Mr.  Sedor,  in  l!-;67  or  '6fi.  The  class  num- 
bered twelve  or  fifteen  members.  James  Grecnough  was  the  first  class  leader.  Regular 
services  are  held  in  the  school-house  every  two  weeks.  A  Sabbath  school  has  been  care- 
fully fostered  and  steadily  maintained,  until  it  numbers  sixty-five  members;  A.  W. 
Thayer,  superintendent. 

Temperance  Reform  Club. — The  Red  Ribbon  Reform  movement  was  inaugurated  in 
February,  1879,  and  at  the  close  of  the  year  the  membership  numbered  about  one 
hundred. 

The  population  of  the  place  is  about  one  hundred  and  fifty.  School  is  maintained 
from  six  to  nine  months  each  year.  S.  S.  Edwards,  postmaster;  A.  W.  Thuyi-r,  railroad 
and  express  agent. 

Schooh. —  In  1851,  Mi.ss  Sarah  Smith  taught  the  first  school  at  Hide's  Mill,  occupy- 
ing a  cooper  shop  as  the  school-house.  Previous  to  that  what  pupils  there  were  went  to 
the  Kingsley  school-house  some  distance  west.  A  few  locust  trees  are  now  the  only  reli^ 
to  mark  the  location  of  the  old  school-house. 

In  1H40,  Mr.  Samuel  Dimon,  who  came  to  the  county  and  neighborhood  in  1838, 
hauled  the  logs  for  the  first  school-hou.se  erected  in  what  is  now  district  No.  1.  Miss 
Harriet   Hitclicock   is   believed   to  iuive  been  the  first  tcaclur  in  tiial  first  school-house. 


HISTORY   OF   PEORIA   COUNTY  601 

Mr.  Dinion  subsequently  wielded  the  birch  and  ferrule  as  teacher  for  two  or  three 
quarters  iu  the  same  building.     A  fine  brick  structure  now  takes  in  its  place. 

Besides  this  school-house,  the  school-houses  at  Kickapoo,  Edwards  Station  and  Potts- 
town,  which  are  elsewhere  mentioned,  there  are  four  other  districts,  making  a  total  of 
eiglit  districts  in  tlie  township. 

The  first  school-house  in  district  No.  5,  was  located  on  the  northwest  quarter  of 
Sec.  9,  a  frame  structure,  was  erected  in  the  Spring  of  1 851,  at  a  total  cost  $260.  The 
first  school  in  this  building  commenced  in  the  Fall  of  1851 — H.  Gregory  teacher. 

This  school-house  served  the  purposes  of  the  district  until  1877,  when  the  present 
frame  structure  was  erected  on  the  same  ground  at  a  cost  of  i510. 

The  school-house  in  district  No.  0,  is  situated  on  the  southeast  quarter  of  Sec.  16. 
It  is  a  frame  building  and  was  erected  about  August,  1860,  at  a  cost  of  $300.  The  first 
school  commenced  in  the  Fall  of  1860  —  a  man  named  Pehamer,  teacher. 

The  school-house  in  district  No.  7,  is  located  on  the  northeast  quarter  of  Sec.  33. 
It  is  a  frame  building,  was  erected  in  the  Summer  of  1867,  and  cost  $500.  Miss  H. 
Pritchard  taught  the  first  school  that  Winter. 

The  school-house  in  district  No.  8,  is  a  frame  building  and  located  on  the  northwest 
quarter  of  Sec.  13.  It  was  erected  in  the  Summer  of  1867,  at  a  cost  of  $528.  The  first 
school  was  taught  in  tlie  Winter  of  1867-8,  by  Miss  Hattie  C.  Hamison. 

Ooal  Mines  and  Mining.  —  At  the  site  of  the  old  mill  there  is  now  quite  a  village, 
whose  inhabitants  derive  tiieir  subsistance  from  mining  the  coal  that  abounds  in  such 
measureless  profusion  beneath  tlie  hills  of  the  Kickapoo.  The  first  coal  mining  done  at 
that  point  was  by  Jacob  Darst  about  1849  or  '50.  In  minec's  parlance,  he  began  "strip- 
ping" about  that  date  and  continued  it  about  five  years.  Frederick  Ruprecht  and  John 
Woolenscraft  purchased  from  him  some  bluif  land  and  commenced  "drifting"  the  same 
3'ear.  In  1851,  Ruprecht  bought  his  partner's  interest  and  operated  the  mine  two  years, 
when  he  sold  out  to  Anderson  Grimes  and  Judge  Bryant ;  they  in  turn  sold  out  to 
Samuel  Potts,  who  has  been  the  heaviest  operator  since  that  time.  By  reason  of  his 
large  mining  interests,  the  place  has  become  generally  known  as  Pottstown.  Henry 
Vicary  operates  a  mine  which  was  opened  about  1850,  and  known  as  the  Vicary  lower 
vein.  Mr.  Potts  and  Mr.  Vicary,  who  represent  the  leading  coal  banks,  are  both  Eng- 
lishmen and  had  mining  experience  in  their  native  country.  Until  within  the  past  two 
years  the  product  of  these  mines  was  exclusively  sold  at  the  Peoria  market,  and  hauled 
by  wagons;  but  having  constructed  a  tramway  to  his  mine,  Mr.  Potts  ships  by  rail  to 
various  points  abroad.  Tiie  supply  is  thought  to  be  inexhaustible.  Parker  &  Clifford 
operate  a  mine,  employing  eight  men  to  whom  they  pay  $5,184  per  annum. 

POTTSTOWN 

has  been  chiefly  quilt  up  by  Mr.  Potts  for  the  use  of  his  operatives  and  their  families, 
since  1869.  In  1875  Mr.  Potts  began  the  manufacture  of  brick,  which  has 
since  been  quite  an  important  business  in  the  hamlet.  William  H.  McLaughlin  opened 
the  first  store  in  tiie  place  in  Marcli,  1872.  Having  changed  hands  several  times,  the 
business  is  now  conducted  by  Joseph  Middleton. 

The  Red  Ribbon  Club.  —  Tlie  temperance  reform  movement  reached  Pottstown  in 
August,  1878.  It  met  with  a  hearty  encouragement  by  nearly  all  the  most  influential 
citizens;  a  club  was  organized  and  is  in  a  healthy  condition. 

The  Patrons  of  Husbandry  have  two  quite  flourishing  lodges  in  Kickapoo.  No.  446 
was  chartered  May  16,  1873,  and  was  organized  with  thirty  members.  In  tlie  Fall  of 
1S79  the  membership  was  thirty-five  and  the  lodge  in  active  working  order.  It  holds 
stock  in  the  Peoria  grange  store. 

Orange  Cr range,  No.  Sio. — This  grange  was  organized,  with  about  forty  members, 
January  10,  1874.  It  now  numbers  over  fifty.  The  lodge  owns  a  hall  in  seliool  district 
44 


602  HtST01{Y  OF   PEOHIA  rorxTY. 

No.  1.     MeetiiiEfs  are  held   weekly  —  Saturday  —  in   the  Summer,  and  semimoutlily  iu 
Winter. 

The  Bi<^  Hollow  Butter  and  Cheese  Factory  Company  was  or<janized  in  1878,  with 
a  capital  stock  of  81.'),0U0,  and  erected  a  building  30  Ijy  'jO  feet.  It  hegan  operations  iu 
May,  1878,  and  has  a  capacity  of  10,000  pounds  of  milk,  or  1,000  pounds  of  cheese  per 
day. 


LIMESTONE  TOWNSHIP. 

The  first  settlers  in  this  township  were  Abner  Eads,  who  first  settled  at  Fort  Clark, 
in  April,  l^ilit,  and  the  Moffatts :  Juseph  .Moffatt  and  tliree  sons,  Alva.  Aqiiila  and  Ben- 
jamin F.  The  Moffatts  came  in  June,  1822.  Alva  Moffatt  settled  on  Sec.  13,  and  still 
occupies  a  home  on  that  section. 

In  1824,  Aquila  Moffatt  made  a  claim  on  the  northeast  quarter  of  Sec.  13,  and  en- 
closed and  broke  five  acres  of  ground,  whicli,  witli  the  exception  of  about  six  years,  he 
has  continued  to  occupy.  Benjamin  Moffatt  now  lives  near  Hollis.  The  rest  of  the 
family  removed  to  Jo  Daviess  couuty. 

The  settlement  of  this  township  was  not  rapid.  The  Harker  family  came  to  the 
county  in  1821*.  Daniel  Harker,  now  a  resident  of  this  township,  was  then  a  boy  of 
fifteen.  Henry  W.  Jones  came  very  early,  and  built  the  first  hewed  log-house  in  the 
township. 

James  Crow  and  family  came  about  the  same  time  as  Jones,  but  the  Black  Hawk 
Indian  scare  of  1832,  frightened  them  l)ack  to  Ohio,  where  they  remained  until  after  the 
close  of  the  troubles.     They  returned  in  1834. 

James  Heaton  and  Joshua  Aikin  came  in  1834.  Aikin  settled  on  the  Kickapoo 
creek  and  built  a  grist-mill.  Pleasant  Hughes  came  in  1837,  and  settled  on  Sec.  29, 
where  his  widow  still  resides.  In  1837,  Daniel  Harker,  wjio  w;vs  married  on  tlie  10th  of 
July  of  that  year,  occupied  a  iiouse  he  had  previously  Iniilt  on  tlie  southeast  quarter  of 
Sec.  31,  and  still  lives  on  the  same  place.  In  183»,  his  father  moved  over  from  Logan 
township,  and  settled  on  the  southwest  quarter  of  the  same  section,  where  lie  died  June 
Itj.  184'J,  at  the  age  of  seventy-five  years. 

There  is  a  large  German  element  in  this  township.  Tlie  earliest  settler  of  this 
nationality  was  Conrad  Bontz,  who  came  in  1844.  Christian  Straesser  and  the  ILiUcrs 
in  1847.  The  Beatly  Johnson  family  in  1848;  George  Ojeman  in  184tt,  and  the  Roelfs  in 
18.01.  The  Straessers  and  Hallers  were  natives  of  Wurtemberg.  The  temainder  were 
nearly  all  from  the  Kingdom  of  Hanover.  Many  of  these  people  are  largely  engaged  in 
grape  culture,  and  some  of  them  in  tiie  manufacture  of  wine.  Ed.  Retlfs,  deceased  in 
1872,  is  believed  to  liavc  planted  the  first  vineyard,  and  to  iiave  also  made  the  first  wine. 
Before  iiis  vineyard  matured  he  made  wine  from  the  wihl  grape. 

Witli  the  rarest  excejUions,  these  people  are  among  tlie  very  liest  people  in  tiie  com- 
mniiitv.  They  are  industrious,  energetic  and  honest,  and  rank  higii  as  successful  farmers. 

When  the  township  organization  system  was  adopted  liy  the  people  of  Peoria  county 
in  18->0,  th(!  township  was  named  !yiiiR'st<nu'.  because  of  the  aliimst  inexhaustible  quar- 
ries of  that  stone  that  exist  in  the  north  part  of  the  townsiiiji. 

Nearly  the  whole  township  isunderlaiil  with  coal,  and  the  mines  now  worked  extend 
four  miles  along  the  eastern  tier  of  sections,  and  there  are  several  hundred  miners  em- 
ployed in  the  different  mines.  Peoria  is  largely  supplied  with  coal  from  the  Limestone 
mines. 

The  first  coal  mining  in  the  township  was  done  by  a  man  named  Warner.  He 
opfiifd  a  bank  at  a  point  on  the  soiitli-'.'ast  corner  of  section  24.  The  Moffatts 
mined  coal  at  the  same  place  soon  after,  and  shipped  it  to  St.  i^oiiis  by  keel  boats. 


HISTORY   OF  PEORIA  COUNTY.  603 

Petrifactions. —  At  Secord's  limekilns  and  stone  quarry,  on  the  south-east  quarter  of 
section,  some  rare  petrified  curiosities  have  been  found.  These  curiosities  consist  of 
petrified  timber,  shells,  etc.,  and  are  found  all  through  the  quarry,  at  a  depth  of  from 
three  to  seventeen  feet.  Among  those  most  worthy  of  note  was  an  elk's  head,  with  the 
horns  attached,  which  was  in  a  perfect  state  of  preservation.  It  was  found  at  a  depth 
of  seven  feet  from  tlie  surface,  while  quarrying  rock  for  the  County  Infirmary.  Evei'y 
part  of  it  was  thoroughh'  petrified,  and  as  solid  as  the  stone  from  which  it  was  taken. 

A  petrified  turtle,  with  its  form  preserved  intact,  was  found  in  the  quarry  from 
whicli  stone  is  taken  for  lime,  or  what  Mr.  Secord  calls  the  "  North  Quarrj'."  Mr.  S.  and 
othei-s  who  saw  it  say  it  looked  as  "  natural  as  life."  It  was  found  in  a  crevice  between 
tlie  layers  of  rock. 

Christ  Church  (^Episcopal). —  The  first  services  of  this  Episcopal  community  were 
held  at  the  pioneer  home  of  John  Benson.  Sometimes  meetings  were  held  at  the  homes 
of  some  of  the  other  settlers.  After  Bishop  Chase  came,  in  1836,  regular  services  were 
observed  almost  every  Sabbath.  In  time,  the  members  so  increased  that  a  house  of  wor- 
ship became  a  necessit}-,  and  in  1843,  they  began  to  cast  about  for  ways  and  means  to 
build  a  church.  John  Pennington  gave  two  acres  of  ground  in  the  north-west  quarter 
of  section  4.  for  a  church  site  and  cemetery,  and  in  May,  1844,  the  corner  stone  was 
laid.  The  building  was  not  fully  completed  until  the  Fall  of  184'),  nor  consecrated  until 
December  of  that  year.  The  original  cost  was  about  $1,500.  Of  this  sura,  $1,100  was 
contributed  by  friends  in  England.  Dowager  Queen  Adelaide  gave  £20  ;  Lord  Kenyon 
gave  £20.     Rev.  John  Benson  is  the  officiating  clergj^man. 

Some  years  ago  Rev.  John  Benson,  James  Clark  and  Isabella  Douglas  deeded  to 
Christ  Church  forever,  a  tract  of  twenty  acres  of  ground  just  across  the  public  highway 
from  the  church  edifice.  This  is  called  a  glebe,  and  is  intended  for  the  use  and  benefit 
of  the  officiating  clergyman. 

The  first  grave  in  Christ  Church  cemeteiy  was  that  of  Henry  Wilson,  who  died  17th 
September,  1838. 

Limestone  M.  E.  Church. — This  church  society  was  organized  in  1849,  with  twenty- 
seven  members.  The  church  edifice,  a  neat  frame  structure,  is  located  on  section  4,  and 
was  built  in  18G0  at  a  cost  of  il,000.  It  was  dedicated  by  Peter  Cartright,  D.D.,  on 
the  21st  day  of  October,  1860.  The  preacher  in  cliarge  at  tliat  time  was  Rev.  John 
Borland.  A  Sunday  school  of  twenty  scholars  is  maintained  in  connection  with  the 
church  ;  Henry  Goodrich,  superintendent. 

Presbyterian  Church. — The  Presbyterian  society  was  organized  on  the  30th  day  of 
April,  185H,  by  Rev.  B.  Farris,  pastor  of  the  First  Presbyterian  Church  at  Peoria.  The 
cliurcli  building  is  a  handsome  frame  structure,  located  on  the  Farmington  road,  on  the 
north-west  corner  of  section  8.  It  was  erected  in  1864,  at  a  cost  of  $1,600.  Rev.  M.  L. 
Wood  was  the  first  pastor. 

The  G-erman  Lutheran  Church  Society  was  organized  in  1855  with  eighteen  members. 
The  first  church  edifice  was  built  in  1856  at  a  cost  of  $1,000.  In  1876  this  building 
became  too  small  to  accommodate  the  increasing  congregation,  and  a  new  and  more  com- 
modious one  was  erected  at  a  cost  of  $4,000.  Tiie  church  is  supplied  with  a  bell  which 
cost  $400,  and  an  organ  costing  nearly  as  much.  The  society  owns  three  and  a  half 
acres  of  ground  where  the  church  stands,  which  includes  tlie  cemetery.  The  first  pastor 
was  Rev.  F.  Warnke.    He  remained  three  years.    Rev.  Mr.  Banger  is  the  present  pastor. 

North  Limestone  M.  E.  Church.  —  First  class  was  formed  about  1850.  The  original 
members  were  eleven  in  number.  Rev.  Humphrey  was  the  first  preacher.  Under  the 
pastorate  of  John  Borland,  the  ciiurcli  was  built  in  1860;  the  cost  was  $800.  Number 
of  members  at  the  present  time,  thirty-one.  Connected  with  the  church  is  a  prosperous 
and  large  Sabbath  school. 


604  HISTOKY  OF  PEORtA  COfX'n*. 

School*. —  Mr.  Barton  remembers  that  aliout  1836  he  attended  a  scliool  wliicli  was 
taught  in  a  log  house  that  stood  on  the  ground  just  in  the  rear  of  his  house.  It  was  a 
subscrijition  school,  and  the  teacher  was  Simeon  Ward.  This  was  the  first  in  the 
township.  Limestone  townsliip  is  divided  into  ten  school  districts,  nine  of  which 
have  either  a  neat  and  comfortable  frame  or  brick  house,  supplied  with  furniture  and  ap- 
paratus well  adapted  for  modern  school  use.  Schools  are  kept  up  from  six  to  nine  months 
during  each  year,  and  the  best  material  obtainable  is  employed  as  teacliei-s.  The  schools 
compare  favorably  with  the  public  schools  of  the  country. 


LOGAN  TOWNSHIP. 

Logan  township  was  settled  in  the  year  1830.  The  first  settler  was  an  old  Indian 
trader  by  the  name  of  Triall,  wlio  located  in  the  lower  end  of  the  township  in  that  year. 
In  1831  Peter  Mayward  came  and  settled  near  him.  In  1832  .lames  Harker,  J.  G.  S.  Ho- 
hanan  and  Mr.  Buck  arrived.  In  1833  J.  I.  Rankle,  Tlios.  Phillips  and  H.  J.  Heaton 
came.  In  1835  T.  P.  Smith,  John  Vanarsdall,  Ricliard  Bourne,  George  Sturgess  and 
Seth  Sturgess  came.  In  1836  and  '37  M.  A.  Gardner.  Wm.  Forbes  and  Wm.  Stratton 
settled  in  the  township. 

The  first  cliild  born  was  Henry  Smitii,  son  of  Thos.  P.  Smith,  in  the  year  ls34.  The 
first  marriage  was  that  of  James  Harker  Jr.  to  Miss  Susan  Van  Patien  in  the  year  1)S34. 
The  first  church  service  was  held  at  the  house  of  Thos.  Lane.  The  fii"st  church  was  or- 
ganized in  Tunber  township  in  the  year  1840,  and  was  removed  to  Smith ville  in  the  year 
18/)3.  The  first  school  was  taugiit  by  Dr.  Clark,  in  tiie  Winter  of  1836.  in  a  log  school- 
house  on  section  36. 

The  schools  of  Logan  township  are  second  to  none  in  the  county  outside  of  the  city 
of  Peoria.     Their  liuildings  are  in  good  re[)air,  and  firBt-cla.ss  teacliers  are  employed. 

Tlie  northern  and  center  portion  of  the  township  is  fine  farming  land.  The  southern 
portion,  though  broken,  is  interspersed  with  some  fine  farms. 

SMITHVILJLE 

is  situated  on  section  :2-,  near  tlie  center  of  the  township.  Was  laid  out  and  platted  by 
Thomas  P.  Smitli.  It  is  a  village  of  about  two  hundred  iiiiialiitants.  Tiiere  are  two 
general  stores.  J.  B.  Miller  &  Son  have  the  leading  business,  and  carry  a  stock  of 
•'S3, 500.  J.  H.  Lucas  deals  in  drugs,  patent  medicines,  paints  anil  oils,  iiardware,  queens- 
ware  and  general  merchandise.  He  estalilished  tlie  iiouse  in  1871,  and  handles  a  slock 
of  $3,000.  There  are  two  churches,  two  lilacksmith  shops,  and  a  good,  comfortiible 
school  building  in  tlie  place. 

Thf  Harmony  Church,  Sniitli ville,  was  organized  in  the  year  1836,  by  Rev.  John 
Wallace,  with  ten  constituent  nu-inliers.  Rev.  Andrew  Fulton  was  its  first  pastor.  The 
original  oflBcers  were  :  Jolin  McFadden,  Thos.  P.  Smith,  Tiiomiis  and  F.  Smith.  The 
.society  has  liuilt  two  houses  of  worship,  tiie  first  in  an  early  day,  costing  triOO,  and  the 
one  in  present  use,  at  a  cost  of  aliout  5':i,500.  Tlie  churdi  now  niiiiiliers  fit'ty-two  mem- 
bers, officered  by  John  M.  Pinkerton,  James  and  I!.  Milltr.  John  Harper  is  the  present 
pastor. 

The  United  Prenhi/trrian  Church,  of  Bethel,  was  organized  in  the  school-house  in 
District  No.  2,  June  3,  1853,  by  a  committee  of  the  Associate  Reformed  CMiurch  of 
Illinois,  (.Second  Presbytery,)  consisting  of  Wm.  K.  R.  Erskine,  minister,  and  Robt. 
i'inkcrtoii,  iiiliiig  elder,  with  thirty  iin'inlx-rs.  ()iigiiial  officers  —  John  .McCollough 
and  Jaiiii's  Pinkerton;  iiiling  elilers.  Sanuiel  Wih'V,  Samuel  S.  (ibusgow,  and  N.  C.  Put- 
ton;  Robert  (i.  Patton,  recording  clerk  and  treasurer.  I'resenl  ciiiircli  officers  —  John 
Harper,  minister ;   Tlios.  F.  Patton,  Sti-wart  (ilii-sgow.  Win.  S.  McCollough,  ruling  elders; 


HI8T0KY   (^F    I'EOIU.V   COUNTY.  f505 

J.  P.  Wiley,  treasurer;    J.  A.  MeCoIIough,  recoriliug  clerk.     S.  Glasy  is  Siihlialii  school 
superintendent. 

Tiie  first  church  was  imiU  in  18o4.  a  frame  building  thirty  by  forty  feet.  The  first 
pastor  was  Rev.  Philip  H.  Drennen,  who  was  settled  in  the  Spring  of  1855,  and  resigned 
in  the  Spiing  of  1857.  Rev.  Elijah  McCoy  was  called  in  the  Fall  of  1858  and  remained 
until  1865.  In  the  Autumn  of  ISlST  Rev.  T.  P.  Proudfit  was  installed  as  pastor,  and  re- 
mained until  the  Spring  of  1871,  wiien  the  congregation  united  with  the  Harmony 
congregation  of  Smithville,  Ills.,  under  one  pastoral  charge.  In  the  Spring  of  1873  the 
Rev.  John  Harper  was  settled  as  pastor  of  the  congregation  of  Bethel  and  Harmony  in 
which  position  he  remains.  In  the  Summer  of  1874  the  congrt'gation  erected  a  frame 
church,  thirty-four  by  fifty-two  feet,  at  a  cost  of  $3,011.20. 

In  1858  the  United  Presbyterian  Church  was  formed  by  the  unions  of  the  Associate, 
and  the  Associate  Reformed  churches  of  North  America.  The  church  is  in  a  prosperous 
condition,  with  a  membership  of  fifty-two 

Kinney  31.  E.  Church.  —  The  first  class  was  formed  about  the  year  1840,  and  con- 
sisted of  eighteen  members.  The  first  pastor  was  Wm.  Pitnar.  After  holding  services 
a  few  years  in  private  houses  a  rude  school-house  was  built,  which  was  used,  until  in 
1848  a  l)rick  church  was  erected.  Tliis  building  was  occupied  twenty  years.  Under  the 
pastorage  of  J.  L.  Ferris,  (  18i)9.)  the  old  church  was  pulled  down  and  a  neat  and  com- 
modious frame  building  erected  on  the  old  site,  at  the  cost  of  about  ■'12,200,  and  was 
dedicated  by  Rev.  J.  H.  Rhea,  D.  D.  The  church  is  well  finished  and  furnished,  includ- 
ing a  good  organ.  There  are  at  the  present  time  forty-three  members.  L.  V.  Weaber  is 
pastor.  The  official  members  are  :  W.  0.  Norval,  located  preacher  and  class  leader  : 
G.  W.  Dumans,  Sr.,  local  preacher;  W.  C.  Green,  steward  and  trustee;  W.  T.  Dumans, 
steward;    T.  C.  Smith,  Geo.  W.  Dumas.  Jr.,  and  Alex.  P.  Parr,  trustees. 

Smithville  M.  E.  Church. — -The  first  class  was  formed  in  1850.  The  number  of  mem- 
bers being  seven,  viz. :  B.  Kline  and  wife,  Richard  Taylor  and  wife,  Alfred  Reeves  and 
wife,  and  a  young  man  named  Grinnard.  For  some  time  services  were  held  in  an  old  log 
school-house.  Rev.  Mr.  Humphrey  being  the  first  preacher.  The  church  building  now  in 
use  was  erected  in  1854  and  is  now  valued  at  about  $800.  it  is  not  large,  but  within  is 
cheerful.  There  is  no  indebtedness  on  the  church  propert}'.  Numljer  of  members  at  pre- 
sent time  is  twenty-five.  A  flourishing  Sabbath  school  is  sustained.  The  parsonage  for 
the  Smithville  circuit  is  good  property  valued  at  81,000.  L.  V.  Webber  is  the  present; 
pastor.  Gideon  Wondee  is  class  leader  and  trustee.  F.  M.  Tipton  recording  steward  and 
trustee.     Luther  Couch,  steward  and  trustee,  and  Sunday  school  superintendent. 

Salevi  Preshi/terian  Church.  —  Was  organized  May  9,  1850,  near  Smithville,  by  a 
committee  appointed  by  Peoria  Presbytery,  consisting  of  Rev.  Samuel  C.  McCune  and  Wm. 
McCandish.  The  organization  was  composed  of  the  following  named  persons,  Wm. 
Brooks  and  Elizabeth  Brooks,  Wm.  Stewart,  and  Sarah  J.  Stewart,  James  H.  Patterson  and 
Isabella  M.  Patterson,  Wm.  A.  Brooks,  nine  persons  in  all.  William  Stewart  and  Jas. 
H.  Patterson  were  chosen  ruling  elders,  and  duly  ordained  and  installed  on  that  day.  The 
first  sacramental  service  was  held  May  2ti,  1850,  at  which  time  nine  persons  were  added 
upon  certificates  of  membership  from  other  churches.  The  place  of  meeting  was  a  little 
brick  school-house  which  occupied  the  place  now  adorned  by  the  present  more  com- 
modious one  in  District  No.  7.  There  had  lieen  a  former  organization  of  a  Presb3-terian 
church  in  this  communit}',  known  as  the  LaMarsh  Presbyterian  Cnurch,  as  far  as  now  can 
1)6  ascertained,  it  was  organized  during  the  Spring  of  1843,  and  was  suffered  to  go  into 
dissolution  for  some  cause.  The  church  building  was  erected  about  1856,  and  during 
the  ministry  of  Rev.  J.  C.  Hanna,  who  was  the  first  regular  pastor  the  church  had.  The 
value  may  be  estimated  at  $1,200  to  $1,500.  Within  the  past  nine  years  a  neat  cottage 
parsonage  has  been  erected  at  al)out  the  same  expense.  The  church  has  a  Sabbath 
school  in  which  one  man,  Mr.  S.  W.    Brooks,    has    been    the   superintendent   for   almost 


fi06  niSTOKY  OF   PEORIA   COrNTY. 

twentv-five  vears.  The  present  pastor.  Win.  Kerry  has  officiated  almost  ten  years  The 
{■resent  niemhershiii  numbers  seventy-five.  There  is  a  Womeii's  Foreign  Mission  Society 
organization  wh'cli  proves  an  efficient  helper  to  the  societ\'. 


MEDINA  TOWNSHIP. 

The  first  settler  within  the  limits  now  comprisefl  in  this  township  was  undoubtedly 
George  Love,  who  came  with  his  family  from  Park  Co.,  Indian;i,  and  settled  November 
10,  1824,  near  the  spot  now  occupied  by  the  village  of  Mossville.  He  had  at  that  time 
no  nearer  neighbor  than  Fort  Clark  in  one  direction,  and  the  Fox  river  in  the  other.  In 
course  of  the  succeeding  year  some  five  or  six  families  settled  near  them.  John  Ridgc- 
way  WiLS  the  first  to  follow  and  he  helped  the  Loves  to  build  tlieir  house.  Eilmund  Weed 
Briarley.  Abner  Cooper,  Henry  Thomas  and  Samuel  Clifton  came  next.  The  latter  on 
coming  bought  out  Weed's  claim.  Several  other  families  whose  names  can  not  now  be 
learned  settled  within  a  mile  or  so  of  Love's  cabin,  but  staying  only  a  short  time  sold  their 
claims  and  moved  on  towards  the  setting  sun.  This  was  at  that  time  the  most  thickly 
settled  portion  of  the  northern  half  of  Peoria  county.  No  saw  or  grist  mill  was  erected 
in  the  township  till  about  the  year  18.50,  except  some  circle  saw-mills  which  were  put  u|i 
about  18.5.3.  The  Indians  at  that  time  were  very  numerous.  The  Puttawattomies  were 
native  to  the  county,  and  numerous  other  roving  bands  of  Sacs,  Foxes  and  Winnelmgoes 
with  a  few  Chippeways  and  Delawares  were  encamped  and  hunted  all  over  it. 

In  182.5  a  small  colony  sprung  up  near  the  nortliern  boundary  of  the  township,  and 
among  those  forming  it  were  the  Avery's,  Stephen  French,  Stephen  Carl,  and  Resolve 
Cleveland  with  their  families  and  they  occupieil  at  first  the  abandoned  i)ark  houses  of  an 
Indian  town  on  Sec.  4.  In  the  Spring  of  1H:',1,  Mr.  Linas  Scovill  with  his  family  came 
from  Vermillion  county,  Ind.,  and  settled  on  a  claim  which  he  had  previously  bought 
from  one  of  the  Love  family.  The  claim  then  entered  upon  is  still  owned  b^'  Mr.  Sco- 
vill's  son,  who  bears  his  father's  name.  The  settlement  at  Mossville  was  directly  in  the 
track  of  tlie  emigration  going  on  itetwecn  the  years  1828  to  18:1.5,  to  (Jalena,  and  the 
numbers  passing  through  afforded  a  ready  market  for  all  surplus  grain,  garden  jiroducts, 
etc.  .Much  was  also  disposed  of  to  voyagers  ujion  the  river.  Between  18ol  and  1840  the 
district  was  settled  up  rapidly,  and  good  claims  advanced  greatly  in  price.  Among  those 
coming  between  these  vears  mav  be  mentioned,  Gershom  Silliman  and  family  who  set- 
on  Sec.  2  in  18.T1.  John  E.  Bristol  and  Nicholas  Sturm  in  1S.',2.  Tlios.  .Mooney  and  his 
sons  James  and  William  in  18:5.5,  J.  H.  and  I.  W.  Case  in  ls8t;,  William  H(ibins(ui  in  18:17, 
anil  John  P.  Ntal  and  Jonathan  W.  Rice  in  18.',8.  Simon  Reed  and  Hiram  M.  Curry 
were  the  first  justices  of  the  peace,  and  held  office  in  182!>.  The  first  marriage  was  that 
of  Abner  Cooper  to  Sally  Sheldon  in  February,  182t),  near  Mossville.  They  were  mar- 
ried by  Rev.  Mr.  Cormack,  a  Baptist  preacher.  Rev.  John  Thomas  also  a  Baptist,  preach- 
ed the  first  sermon. 

In  April,  lM,50,  the  towiishij)  in  common  with  the  others  forming  Peoria  county,  was 
constituted  and  its  present  name  adopted.  The  origin  of  the  name  is  veiy  uncertain. 
The  committee  on  names  wrestled  with  the  i)roblem  for  some  weeks  liefore  they  lixed 
upon  Medina,  which  is  certainly  unobjectionable,  both  as  regards  its  euphony  and  it* 
singularity. 

The  township  consists  of  twenty-nine  perfect  sections  and  several  fractional  sections. 
It  forms  the  southern  part  of  LaSalle  ])rairie  ami  contains  some  excellent  land.  Running 
north  and  south  through  tiie  miildle  is  a  Itelt  of  bluff  land,  two  miles  in  width,  covered 
with  timber,  i)Ut  on  each  side  and  especially  to  the  eastward  a  level  prairie  stretches 
out,  dotted  with  as  fine  and  productive  farms  as  can  be  found  anywhere.     Two  railroads 


HISTORY   OF   PEORIA  COUNTY.  607 

traverse  tlie  towiisliiii  —  ilie  Cliicagii.  Rock  Island   and  Pacific,  and  the  Peoria  and  Rock 
Island.     The  former  liavinc;  a  depot  at  Mo-sville.  and  the  latter  at  Alta. 

The  township  contains  two  villages.  Mossville  on  Sec.  27  and  Alta  on  Sec.  31.  The 
former  has  a  population  of  about  two  hundred,  and  i^  situated  near  the  first  land  taken 
up  in  the  township.  It  is  on  the  line  of  the  Bureau  branch  of  the  Chicaijo,  Rock  Island 
and  Pacific  Railroad,  which  was  opened  in  1854,  and  the  village  was  laid  off  about  the 
same  time.  It  was  named  after  Wm.  S.  iloss,  who  owned,  in  company  with  Isaac  Un- 
derbill, the  quarter  section  on  wliich  the  village  stands  at  the  time  the  railroad  was  laid 
through  it.  Few  villages  of  its  population  possess  better  church  or  school  edifices.  Mr. 
A.  Marberrv,  the  postmaster,  is  proprietor  of  the  only  store  in  it,  and  the  Mossville 
House,  conducted  for  many  years  by  Mr.  John  Crawl,  offers  excellent  accommodation  for 
the  weary  stranger. 

Alta  is  a  railway  station  and  post  ofiice  on  the  Peoria  and  Rock  Island  Railroad,  and 
was  laid  off  for  Imri  Case,  Thos.  Hanson  and  Loren  Wilder  in  March,  1873,  and  gained 
its  name  from  its  elevated  position,  being  the  highest  point  lietween  Peoria  and  Rock 
Island.  On  account  of  the  increased  postal  facilities  gained  from  the  establishment  of  a 
depot  there,  the  village  has  been  a  great  convenience  to  the  inhabitants  of  that  portion 
of  the  township.  It  contains  a  general  stoi-e  kept  by  Clarence  Case,  who  is  also  post- 
master, a  grocery  kept  by  Ahlen  Hawley.  the  Potter  Brothers'  cheese  factory,  capable  of 
handling  several  thousand  pounds  of  milk  per  day,  and  a  blacksmith  and  wagon  shop.  A 
prominent  feature  of  the  place  is  the  public  school.  The  building  is  one  of  the  best  in 
the  township.  A  lodge  of  the  A.  F.  &  A.  M.,  and  a  temperance  reform  club  are  pros- 
perously conducted  in  the  village. 

St.  Joseph's  Catholic  Church.  —  Previously  to  the  year  1855  there  were  but  few  Catho- 
lics resident  in  the  township.  In  that  j'ear  the  late  Thomas  Mooney  headed  a  movement 
for  the  erection  of  a  Catholic  church  in  the  township  and  gave  to  it  the  practical  backing 
of  a  subscription  of  §500  and  the  donation  of  a  lot  of  five  acres  of  land  upon  which  to 
build  it  and  to  serve  as  a  burial  ground.  His  sons  gave  850  each  ;  Patrick  Boylan  gave 
S200,  and  many  others  gave  freely  of  their  substance  to  aid  in  the  good  cause.  The  building 
was  forthwith  begun,  and  it  was  completed  in  the  Fall  of  that  yeax  at  a  cost  of  about 
$1,000  in  cash.  The  church  is  situated  on  the  northwest  corner  of  the  southeast  quarter  of 
Sec.  2,  and  is  substantially  built  of  wood  with  stone  foundation.  The  interior  presents 
a  most  neat  and  pleasing  appearance.  It  is  capable  of  seating  comfortably  about  three 
hundred  worshipers,  and  the  average  congregation  numbers  about  150.  It  contains  a 
large,  handsome  organ,  and  the  services  are  rendered  by  a  full  choir. 

The  edifice  was  dedicated  under  its  present  name  ten  3-ears  ago  by  the  late  Rev. 
Father  Halligan,  of  Chicago,  and  services  are  held  every  second  Sunday  by  Rev.  Thos. 
Quigley,  of  Henry,  who  divides  his  time  between  the  church  there  and  the  one  thus 
briefly  sketched. 

The  Baptist  Church  in  Mossville  was  organized  at  a  meeting  of  the  adherents  of  that 
body  held  in  the  school-house,  April  9,  1868.  Geo.  E.  Prunk  was  chosen  as  chairman, 
and  Thos.  Hough  clerk.  The  membership  of  the  society  is  at  present  very  small,  but 
services  are  held  in  the  JNI.  E.  church  every  other  Sunday.  Rev.  L  D.  Gowen.  of 
Galva,  111.,  is  the  present  pastor. 

A  Methodist  class  has  been  in  existence  in  Mossville  for  over  forty  years,  but  the 
number  of  adherents  has  never  been  large  enough  to  warrant  the  organization  ot  a 
church.  Until  within  the  last  five  years  it  was  upon  the  Peoria  Circuit,  but  is  now  upon 
that  of  Chillicothe.  Services  are  held  every  second  Sunday  in  the  church  edifice  of  the 
village,  by  Rev.  J.  A.  Windsor. 

The  church  building  in  which  the  religious  services  of  Mossville  are  held,  is  quite  a 
handsome  and  substantial  one.  and  is  a  prominent  object  iu  the  village  ;  is  strongly  built 
of  brick,  and  can  comfortably  seat  about  200  persons.     It  was  built  about  the  year  1869, 


(508  HISTORY  OF   PEORIA   COUNTY. 

through  tlie  unitetl  efforts  of  the  church-goinp  people  of  the  village  and  vicinity,  and 
more  espei'ially  under  the  auspices  of  the  Preshvterians,  at  a  cost  nf  about  •*2,600.  The 
structure  is  now  owned  !)}•  Mr.  S.  C.  Neal,  who  is  prominently  connected  with  the  Meth- 
odist society. 

Schools. —  The  fii-st  school  was  started  in  the  latter  part  of  1826,  by  Jesse  McGee, 
who  secured  tlie  necessary  number  of  scliolars  and  tuined  over  the  school  in  January. 
1827,  to  Moses  Clifton,  who  taught  it  for  tluee  montiis.  and  he  was  succeeded  by  a  man 
named  Marks.  Tlie  scliool  was  situated  near  Mossviile  in  a  building  erected  especially  for 
tl)at  purpose.  It  was  a  log  cabin,  18xlt5,  witii  puncheon  floor,  paper  windows  and  clapboai'd 
door,  and  was  daubed  with  mud.  The  cost  of  tuition  was  $2  per  scholar  for  a  term  of 
three  months.  In  18:^t),  a  school  was  taught  by  Hiram  M.  ('urry  in  a  cabin  near  where 
the  residence  of  .Moses  Neal  now  stands,  an<l  about  tliree  years  afterwards  Wiis  removed 
to  N.  E.  i  of  Sec.  27,  where  it  remained  until  the  school  site  wiis  changed  to  its  present 
location  on  Sec.  27  in  Mossviile  about  twenty  years  ago.  The  present  scliool  structure 
in  this  district  is  a  very  fine  one,  and  was  built  of  brick  at  a  cost  of  11-1,000  about  186>^. 

The  first  i)ublic  school  in  the  N.  W.  portion  of  the  township  was  located  in  N.  E.  i 
of  S.  E.  i  of  Sec.  7,  and  was  taught  about  the  year  1840,  l)y  Joseph  M.  Batchelder.  The 
first  [irivate  school  in  the  same  district  was  taught  by  Mrs.  Joiin  Benjamin  about  the 
year  18."<G.  in  a  little  log  cabin  used  as  a  dwelling.  In  siliool  district  No  1,  the  first  pub- 
lic school  was  erected  about  18-52,  and  was  located  in  S.  \V.  cor.  of  S.  E.  i  of  Sec.  .3, 
where  it  remained  till  1866,  when  it  was  determined  l)y  public  vote  to  build  a  new 
school-house,  and  to  change  the  site  to  S.  W.  cor.  of  N.  W.  j  of  Sec.  2,  where  it  now  is. 
The  first  school-house  built  under  the  township  organization  stood  upon  the  farm  of  Mr. 
Bristol.  It  was  built  in  IHn^,  and  was  removed  to  tlie  eighty  acres  upon  whicii  the  pres- 
ent school  luiilding  in  district  No.  3  now  stands,  in  the  Fall  of  18."it).  The  present  struct- 
ure was  built  at  a  cost  of  about  82,.'>00  in  1872. 

In  school  district  No.  2  the  building  now  in  use  was  erected  in  18-55  ;  was  originally 
a  good  building  and  has  lately  been  repaired  and  fixed  up  anew. 


MILLBROOK   TOWNSHIP. 

In  the  Spring  of  1833  William  Metcalf,  then  a  young  man,  witii  a  wife  and  two 
children,  left  Richhind  county,  Ohio,  to  seek  a  home  in  the  then  far  West.  They  came 
by  wagon,  camping  out  on  tlie  way,  and  arriving  at  French  Grove,  lirimficld  township, 
ended  tiieir  journev.  Mr.  Metcalf  erected  a  house  on  Sec.  !•,  of  Milllirook,  and  removed 
his  family  into  it  in  tlie  Spring  of  1834,  and  was  the  first  settler  in  the  townshij)-  John 
Sutheilaiid.  ii  native  of  I'ittslnirgh,  I'a.,  came  to  Peoria  in  1H34,  bought  the  land  where 
the  Iiigersoll  hotel  now  stands-  He  removed  to  .Milllirook  in  183.5,  and  located  on  .See. 
32.  Mr.  S.  wius  one  of  the  organizers  of  the  First  Presbvterian  Chuicli  of  Peoria.  He 
died  September  30,  184-5. 

RdCHHSTKR. 

Is  situated  in  tiii'  iiortiiwest  portion  of  the  county,  in  .Millbrook  lownsiiip,  on  Sec.  7, 
36  miles  from  Peoria,  and  24  miles  from  Galesburg.  It  contains  three  dry  good  stores, 
two  churches,  two  blacksmiths,  one  wagon  shop  and  undertaker,  two  milliners,  (Uie 
drug  store,  one  butcher  shop,  and  post  oflice.     There  is  a  po|iulatiou  of  about  200. 

Was  and  is  the  only  town  laiil  out  and  iiiatleil  ami  recoicled  in  Millbrook  township, 
which  was  done  July  2,  1H.{6,  iiy  John  Smith.  Jr-  The  only  houses  at  the  lime  were 
those  occupied  liy  John  Smith,  Jr.,  and  Clark  .Stanton.  Some  time  1836  a  man  by  the 
name  of  Hurd,  of  Peoria,  brou  ,'ht  the  first  stock  of  goods  to  the  town  and  opened  out  in 
a  small  log  cabin  on  the  bank  of  the  river.     He  was  soon  after  succeeded    by  Stacy    & 


HISTORY   OF   PEORIA  COUNTY.  609 

Holmes,  who  sold  goods  for  about  two  years.  .John  Smith  Jr.,  opened  out  a  stock  of  goods 
some  time  during  the  Winter  of  1.S8R-7,  and  remained  in  business  until  the  Summer  of 
1857,  when  he  sold  out  to  the  Hon.  David  Markle}',  of  Canton,  Fulton  county,  Illinois, 
t?ien  a  prominent  merchant  and  politician.  This  stock  of  goods  was  finally  moved 
away. 

The  first  school-house  in  the  village  was  built  by  Dr.  Fifield,  C.  W.  Stanton,  Russell 
Stanton,  and  Jonah  Lewis,  without  the  assistance  of  the  public  funds.  The  frame  of 
this  house  is  a  part  of  E.  Markley's  dwelling.  This  was  replaced  by  a  large  commodious 
brick,  now  in  use,  in  1867. 

The  first  church  was  luiilt  b\'  the  Carapbellites  in  18.58,  a  frame  structure,  costing 
about  $1,000,  which  was  blown  down  by  c3'clone  on  the  8th  day  of  May,  of  the  same 
year.  In  1865  they  erected  their  present  church.  The  mill  at  this  place  has  added  very 
materially  to  the  prosperity  of  the  town  since  Mr.  Holtz,  of  Elmwood,  has  had  charge. 
It  was  built  in  the  year  1837.  People  at  that  time  came  from  Kewanee  to  get  their 
milling  done.  The  post  office  was  first  established  in  1846,  Mr.  Therrygood  Smith  act- 
ing as  postmaster,  and  as  the  first  justice  of  the  peace.  The  first  death  that  occurred  in 
Millbrook  township  was  an  infant  son  of  C.  W.  Stanton,  on  the  1st  day  of  August,  1836. 
The  first  marriage  in  Millbrook  took  place  at  the  residence  of  C.  W.  Stanton,  December 
15,  1837,  the  ceremony  being  performed  by  Therrygood  Smith,  Esq.  The  parties  mar- 
ried were  Mr.  T.  Greeley,  a  native  of  Salisl)urj-,  N.  H.,  who  came  to  Millbrook  in  1836. 
Miss  Chloe  A.  Barnes,  a  native  of  New  York,  who  came  to  Millbrook  the  same  year  of 
her  husband.  The  first  white  child  born  was  the  infant  son  of  C.  W.  Stanton,  which 
died,  as  previouslj'  mentioned.  The  first  physician  was  John  Fifield,  who  was  a  native 
of  Salsl)ury,  Hillsborough  county,  N.  H.  He  came  to  Peoria,  March  10,  1838,  and  soon 
after  to  Rochester,  where  he  practiced  until  about  1845. 

Christian  Church.  —  This  church  was  organized  December  18,  1844,  by  John  W. 
Underwood,  with  four  original  members.  The  first  meeting  was  held  in  a  school-house 
in  November,  conducted  by  Elder  Milton  King.  Seven  persons  attended  this  meeting. 
In  the  Summer  of  1864  the  church  built  a  house  of  worship  costing  between  $3,000  and 
$4,000.  It  was  dedicated  by  John  O'Kane  in  June,  1865.  The  present  membership  is 
twenty-five.  The  officers  are  John  A.  Pratz,  Jonathan  Pratz,  and  O.  P.  Willett ;  pastor 
—  Dr.  John  Doyle.  The  first  Sunday  school  was  organized  in  the  early  part  of  1844. 
The  Rev.  Robt.  F.  Bruse,  superintendent.  There  was  a  regular  attendance  of  twenty 
children. 

Congregational  Church  was  organized  June  30,  1841,  at  the  house  of  Elias  Wycoff, 
Jr.,  in  Stark  county.  Ministers  present  were  S.  S.  Miles  and  S.  G.  Wright.  The  origi- 
nal members  were  nine  in  number.  After  entering  into  covenant,  Wm.  Webster  and  N. 
Wycoff  were  elected  ruling  elders,  and  duly  installed  in  office,  and  S.  G.  Wright  moder- 
ator of  session.  In  1854,  the  meetings  were  held  in  Rochester,  in  Millbrook  township. 
It  appears  on  record  that  Chas.  B.  Donaldson  was  acting  pastor  after  December,  1854. 
At  a  meeting  of  the  church  held  April  14,  1866,  the  name  was  changed  from  that  of 
Spoon  River  Congregational  Church  to  that  of  Elmore  Congregational  Church  of  Roch- 
ester. 

During  the  Summer  and  Fall  of  1866  the  soeietj'  succeeded  in  building  a  house  of 
worship,  costing  $2,300.  Five  hundred  dollars  was  donated  by  the  Congregational  Union, 
the  rest  was  raised  by  its  members  and  the  citizens.  It  was  dedicated  on  Wednesday  even- 
ing, January  22,  1867.  The  dedication  sermon  was  preached  by  Rev.  Wm.  G.  Pierce,  of 
Elmwood,  assisted  by  James  Wycliff  and  B.  F.  Hawkins.  Previous  to  the  sermon  it  was 
announced  that  the  donations  and  subscriptions  would  be  sufficient  to  free  the  church 
from  debt.  The  Rev.  B.  F.  Hawkins  filled  the  pulpit  for  twelve  years.  On  June  28, 
1878,  Rev.  C.  S.  Benton  was  called  to  the  pulpit  for  one  year.  Their  pastor  at  present 
is  Thos.  Armstrong. 


610  HISTORY   OF   PEOHIA  COUNTY 

M.  E.  (.'hitrrh  was  oifjiiiiized  in  tlie  year  183^5.  Rev.  Win.  Cummiiiijs  j>reaclied  tlie 
first  sermon  in  the  latter  part  nf  .May  or  the  early  part  cf  June.  This  was  tlie  first 
church  or<,'anize(l  in  tlie  township.  Tlie  original  members  were  .John  Smith,  .Sr..  and 
wife,  Tlierrygood  Sniitli,  an  unmarried  daajT^hter  of  .John  Smith,  and  \Vm.  Afetcalf.  John 
Smith,  .Sr.,  was  chosen  class  leader.  In  the  year  1858  the  .society  commenced  the  erec- 
tion of  a  house  of  worship,  and  had  it  inclosed  and  roof  on,  when  it  was  lorn  to  frag- 
ments by  a  cyclone  on  the  8th  day  of  May  of  that  year.  Throuj^h  misfortunes  and  vari- 
ous causes  the  organization,  at  one  time  very  strong,  became  extinct. 

Presbyterian  Church. —  Old  School.  —  Some  time  in  the  Summer  of  18.36.  Rev.  Geo. 
G.  Sill  preached  tiie  first  Presli3-terian  sermon  in  the  house  of  John  .■Sutherland,  on 
section  32.  The  church  was  organized  some  time  previous  to  1838,  by  Rev.  Geo.  G.  Sill. 
Among  the  members  was  John  Sutherland,  Mrs.  Christina  Sutherland,  Mrs.  Maiv  Mat- 
thews. John  Piatz,  Elias  Wycoflf,  \Vm.  \V(;bster.  Miss  Mary  Wycoff,  Mrs.  Matthews. 
The  organization  was  dissolved  years  ago,  and  Mrs.  Matthews  is  tlie  only  one  of  the 
members  now  living  there. 

French  Grove  Preihyterian  Church.  —  Rev.  .V.  Coffee,  Rev.  Wni.  McCandlish,  and 
ruling  elders  Rice  and  Reynolds  were  appointed  at  Crow  Meadows,  September  22,  18.")2. 
to  visit  Hiinificld,  French  Grove,  and  .Scotland,  to  examine  the  religions  state  of  affairs, 
and  organize  a  church  or  churches,  if  the  way  was  clear.  The  committee  reported  at 
Princeville,  Aj)ril  1.5,  18.53,  that  they  had  organized  a  church  to  be  called  the  Church  of 
French  Giovc.  The  exact  date  of  organization  can  not  lie  ascertained.  The  licentiate. 
Joiin  C.  Hanna,  supplied  the  pulpit  one  half  of  the  time,  and  tlie  church  at  Rochester  as 
often  as  consistent  with  his  other  engagements.  \Vm.  Reed  and  John  Coe  are  the  pres- 
ent elders.  Rev.  J.  M.  Boyd  supplies  the  pulj)it.  The  church  is  in  a  flourishing  condi- 
tion, having  a  membership  of  one  humlred.  The  society  has  a  large  and  prosperous 
Sunday  school.  Mr.  J.  C.  (^oe.  superintendent. 

Swedcnborf/ian,  or  Church  of  Xetr  Jerunalem.  —  The  first  meeting  held  by  these 
peoi)le  was  at  the  house  of  John  .Smith,  .Fr.,  on  section  18.  The  meeting  was  addressed 
by  the  eminent  divine,  Rev.  John  R.  Hubbard,  now  of  Detroit,  Mich.  After  this,  meet- 
ings were  held  once  a  month.  Either  at  this  meeting  or  a  subsefiuent  one  an  association 
was  formed,  consisting  of  the  following  members:  John  Smith,  Jr.,  and  wife,  Gilbert 
Arnold.  Caleli  Noitli,  G.  P.  Wycoff,  ;ind  the  Adams  and  Pulsifer  families  of  Southjinrt. 
Deaths  and  removals  have  so  depleted  their  ranks  that  they  no  longer  hold  meetings. 

School*. —  The  first  school  in  Millbrook  was  taught  by  Caleb  North,  in  a  log  house 
12x14  feet,  in  the  Winter  of   1.^30-7,  for  which  he  receiveil  $10  per  month. 

Millbrook  is  divided  into  eight  full  school  districts  and  two  fractional  union  districts. 
The  citizens  of  the  township  manifest  a  zealous  interest  in  their  schools,  as  shown  by 
their  flourishing  condition  and  the  liberal  tax  imposed  to  sustain  them.  The  school 
buildings  are  of  a  superior  order,  varying  in  cost  from  •'?('iOO  to  -ill, 500.  Perhaps  no  town- 
shi|i  in  Peoria  county  can  exhibit  a  finer  class  of  school-houses,  or  show  a  more  liberal 
taxation,  in  proportion  to  its  wealth,  for  the  support  of  their  schools.  The  trustees  of 
the  school  fund  for  187W  were:  John  Doyle,  president  ;  E.  h.  Witlett  and  John  Ma- 
son ;  S.  H.  Winchester,  clerk  and  trcas. 


PRINCHVII.l.K  TOWNSHIP. 

Daniel  Pri;ice  came  to  Princeville  in  1822,  and  settled  on  section  21,  built  a  log 
cabin  14x14,  being  the  pioneer  of  civilization  in  this  part  of  the  county.  He  was  a 
native  of  the  nortliern  part  of  Vermont.  The  first  settler  who  moved  his  family  into 
the  townsiiip  was  Slei)hen  French,  a  native  of  (^)nnecticut,  who  emigrated  to  .'^anga- 
moa  county,  111.,  some  time  previous  to  1828.     He   came  to  Peoria  county  aiul  settled 


HISTORY   OF  PEORIA  COUNTY.  611 

near  Peoria  that  year,  and  soon  afterwards  became  a  resident  of  Princeville,  and  was 
the  first  justice  of  the  peace  and  first  postmaster  in  the  place.  Mr.  French  has  a  son, 
Demmeck  French,  living  in  the  township,  who  was  the  first  white  child  horn  in  the 
county.  The  first  school  was  taught  in  a  log  house  near  where  Hitchcock  &  Voores' 
mill  now  stands,  by  Miss  Esther  Stoddard.  The  first  male  teacher  was  Theodore  F. 
Hurd,  now  a  successful  merchant  and  farmer  of  Galva,  111.  The  first  sermon  was 
preached  by  Rev.  Robt.  Stewart,  a  Presbyterian  minister.  The  first  death  was  that 
of  the  father-in-law  of  Isaac  Essex  (name  unknown).  The  first  birth  was  a  child  in 
Mr.  S.  French's  family. 

THE   VILLAGE   OF    PRINCEVILLE 

Is  situated  in  the  northern  portion  of  the  count}',  on  section  13  of  Princeville  town- 
ship, on  the  Peoria  and  Rock  Island  railroad,  twenty-two  miles  from  Peoria,  and  is  a 
nourishing  town  of  about  900  inhabitants.  It  was  laid  out  and  named  by  Wm.  C. 
Stevens,  on  the  20th  day  of  June,  1837,  in  the  midst  of  a  rich  and  fertile  prairie. 

The  first  store  in  Princeville  was  kept  by  Elisha  Morrow,  on  block  No.  9,  (owned  by 
Thos.  Morrow,)  in  a  log  building,  where  he  remained  about  two  years.  Afterwards,  Mr. 
Wm.  C.  Stevens  put  in  a  small  stock  of  goods — as  he  says — to  hold  the  village  together. 
After  the  closing  out  of  Morrow,  Hitchcock  &  Rowley  embarked  in  business  in  the  same 
building.  They  were  afterwards  succeeded  by  J.  W.  Gue,  in  1851,  where  he  remained 
a  short  time  and  then  built  the  brick  store  now  occupied  by  F.  B.  Blanchard,  it  being 
the  first  brick  store  in  the  town. 

About  1851,  a  man  by  the  name  of  Gray  commenced  the  grocery  and  notion  trade, 
but  soon  abandoned  it.  In  the  Summer  of  the  same  year,  Eldridge  &  Parker  built  a 
store  room  where  the  Eureka  House  now  stands,  and  put  in  a  stock  of  goods. 

Among  the  present  business  men  are  F.  B.  Blanchard,  William  Simpson  and  Otto 
Davidson,  dry  goods  ;  J.  H.  Russell,  Garrison  &  Fuller  and  Emmet  lUingsworth,  in  gro- 
ceries ;  Peter  Auten  &  Son,  in  banking  ;  Solomon  Bliss  and  D.  W.  Herron,  in  drugs  ; 
('.  W.  Russell,  in  hardware  ;  Valentine  Weber,  in  boots  and  shoes  ;  James  B.  Ferguson, 
in  jewelry.  There  are  two  hotels  in  the  place.  The  proprietors  are  J.  G.  Corbett,  who 
also  has  a  livery,  and  Mrs.  W.  G.  Selby.  There  is  one  meat  market,  by  John  D.  Ham- 
mer ;  two  cabinet  shops,  one  by  James  Campbell,  and  the  other.  Hammer  &  May ;  one 
bakery  and  restaurant,  by  John  Ayling ;  one  steam  flouring  mill,  by  Hitchcock  &  Voor- 
hess  ;  two  harness  makers,  O.  F.  Herrick  and  George  Reimhart ;  one  attorney  at  law, 
B.  P.  Duffy  ;  two  millinery  shops.  Misses  Bonton  &  Bohrer,  and  Misses  Edwards  &  God- 
frey ;  E.  H.  Burgass  is  postmaster. 

The  Presbyterian  Church  at  Princeville  was  organized  as  "  The  Prince's  Grove 
Church,"'  August  16,  1834.  The  presiding  ministers  were  Revs.  Robert  Stewart  and 
Theron  Baldwin.  The  latter  minister  preached  the  first  sermon  at  this  time.  The  num- 
ber of  constituent  members  was  seventeen.  On  May  16,  nine  months  after  the  church 
was  organized,  they  secured  the  services  of  Rev.  Calvin  W.  Balbitt,  who  was  their  first 
minister.  The  meetings  were  held  in  the  old  logschool-  house,  situated  near  the  site  of 
Voorhes  &  Hitchcock's  steam  grist  mill,  but  this  became  too  small.  To  get  a  church 
building  when  they  were  so  few  (fourteen  male  members)  and  so  poor,  was  a  great  under- 
taking, but  Thomas  Morrow  and  Wm.  C.  Stevens  stepped  forward  and  pledged  them- 
selves that  the  church  should  be  built.  Mr.  Blumb,  of  Peoria,  was  engaged  to  do  the 
carpenter  work.  The  members  of  the  church  and  community  did  much  of  the  work,  and 
about  1844  the  church  was  enclosed  and  dedicated.  It  was  a  good  frame  building,  and 
the  first  church  built  in  Princeville,  and  would  seat  two  hundred  and  fifty  persons.  This 
church  was  used  by  the  society  till  September  6,  1866,  when  the  present  neat,  commo- 
dious and  beautiful  frame  building  was  dedicated  to  the  worship  of  God.  At  the  dedica- 
tion it  was  stated  that  the  cost  was  16,165,  having  been  all  paid  by  the  church  and  its 


612  HISTORY   OF   I'EOUIA   COUNTY. 

friends.  To  tli<»  honor  of  the  ladies,  he  it  recorded  tliat  the  Ladies  Mite  Society  of  tlii^ 
cluireh  ^ave  fl.OOO.  The  present  memhersliip  of  this  church  (January,  1880,)  is  126. 
Rev.  Samuel  R.  Helville  is  the  minister  in  charpje.  Edward  Auteii  is  secretary  and 
treasurer.  Trustees  are,  Josiah  Morrow,  Milton  Cutler.  William  Simpson.  Tlie  elders 
are  Wni.  H.  Wilson,  George  Roweliff,  Samuel  Auten.  who  is  also  clerk  of  session. 

Princeville  Prexn.  —  The  first  i)aper  |iulilishc(l  in  Princcville  wa-s  the  Princeville 
Weekly  Citizen,  hy  Cr.  T.  Gillman,  started  in  the  Summer  of  IStli^,  and  lasted  six  months. 
The  next  venture  was  the  Princeville  Times,  by  C.  A.  Pratt,  cstahlished  in  July,  1874, 
and  run  four  months.  The  next  was  the  Princeville  Independent,  hy  J.  E.  Knapp,  first 
i.ssued  March  10.  1877.  Changed  hands  September  •J'.>,  1H77,  J.  G.  Corhett  becoming 
editor.  Chan^red  again  Octol)er  1:3,  1877.  to  the  firm  of  J.  G.  Corbett  &  H.  E.  Charles, 
as  editors.  October  18.  1878.  tiie  firm  was  changed  to  J.  G.  Corbett  it  P.  C.  Hull,  edit- 
ors, October  3,  1879,  it  was  bought  liy  tlie  present  proprietors,  J.  E.  Charles  and  P.  C. 
Hull  ;  P.  C.  Hull,  editor.  It  is  now  a  permanent  institution,  with  a  rapidly  incre.ising 
circulation. 

/.  0.  0.  F.,  Dilifience  Lodge,  No.  129,  was  organized  at  Princeville,  on  the  23d  day  of 
August,  18.53,  with  seven  charter  members  viz  :  R.  F.  Henrv,  T.  J.  Russell  Josiah  Fash. 
The  first  officers  were:  H.  M.  Barney.  N.  G.  ;  R.  F.  Henry",  V.  G.:  Milton  Wilson.  Rec. 
Sec.  The  lodge  meets  ovr  D.  W.  Herrou's  drug  store.  It  has  a  membership  of  fifty. 
The  present  officers  are ;  S.  S.  Coburn,  N.  G.  ;  Frank  Stater,  V.  G.  ;  D.  D.  McDougail, 
Rec.  Sec.  ;  A.  J.  Pratt,  Treas. ;  C.  W.  Russell,  Warden  ;  Joseph  Lyman,  Conductor. 

MONICA 

Is  a  flourishing  little  village  in  Princeville  township,  situated  on  the  Buda  branch 
of  the  C,  B.  «t  Q.  R.  R.,  twenty-five  or  twenty-six  miles  northwest  of  Peoria.  It  was 
laid  out  and  platted  on  the  26th  day  of  June,  1873,  by  S.  S.  Cornwell,  a  native  of  Duch- 
ess county.  New  York,  who  emigrated  to  this  county'  in  1838,  and  located  on  section  28, 
where  he  still  resides.  The  town  was  first  named  ('ornwell,  which  was  afterwards 
chaiiired  to  Monica.  The  Hon.  Wm.  J.  I'helpsgavc  it  its  name,  after  a  Grecian  princess. 
The  first  store  was  l)uill  by  .\ndrew  D.  Rogers,  for  hardware  purposes.  Then  followed 
H.  P.  Hanover,  who  erected  a  store  building  and  openeil  out  a  stock  of  groceries  and 
boots  and  shoes. 

Mt.  Zion  M.  E.  Chureh  was  organized  in  18o8.  The  first  sermon  was  preachcil  in 
Nelson  school-house,  in  district  No.  8,  l)y  Rev.  J.  S.  Millsap.  The  original  nicmbcrs  were 
eighteen  in  number.  P'ifteen  of  the  original  members  are  still  living.  The  lirst  house  of 
woislii[)  was  erected  in  1867,  on  the  southwest  corner  of  section  20,  a  frame  building. 
■■2x4*).  and  cost  ■'y2,208.20.  It  was  removed  to  Monica  in  the  Fall  of  1877.  and  enlarged 
and  fitted  up,  at  an  expense  of  nearly  SK'^OO.  Tiie  present  membership  is  eighty.  Tlie 
officers  are  :  .John  Nelson,  Roger  Cook,  .Fohn  Goodman,  Reuben  Deal,  George  Belford, 
f).  W.  Cummings  and  Clark  Hill,  trustees:  Pliilliii  M.  Nelson,  George  Belford,  (icorge 
Caniplicll  and  ('.  \V .  .Miller,  stewards;  Clark  Hill  and  E.  C.  Lincoln,  class  leaders.  Rev. 
S.  Brink  fills  the  puljiit. 

The  Monica  liltie  liihfuin  t'luh  was  organized  by  the  people  of  Monica  and  vicinity  on 
the  17th  Decembei-,  1*78.  and  has  been  the  means  of  doing  a  great  deal  of  good.  The 
first  officers  were,  Iv.  B.  Martin,  .M.  D.,  president  :  W.  E.  Elliott,  1st  vice-pre.sident ; 
D.  I).  Clark,  2d  vice-president  ;  L.  L.  Campbell,  secretary  ;  S.  S.  Cornwell.  treasurer. 
The  membership  is  about  one  huixlred  and  fifty  good  workers.  The  jireseiit  officers  are, 
Joseph  .Motes,  president;  C.  R.  Coker,  1st  vice-president:  Mrs.  >L  Curtis,  2d  vice-pres- 
ident; R.  L.  V.  Deal,  secretary;  S.  S.  Cornwell,  treasurer. 

Schoolt.  —  The  present  school  building  in  .M(uiica  is  a  handsome  frame  structure, 
22x44,  two  stories  high,  ami  was  erected  in  the  Fall  of  L^7X.  The  cost  of  structure  was 
•'J2,100.     The  first  teacher  was  T.  C.  Young.     Average  attendance  of  scholars  is  seventy. 


( 


HISTORY  OF  PEOKIA  COUNTY.  613 

The  present  business  men  are:  L.  L.  Campbell,  dry  goods;  Herrington,  Herger  & 
Co.,  general  merchandise  ;  B.  B.  Bowman  &  Co.,  hardware  ;  George  Campbell,  groceries  ; 
W.  W.  Hurd,  dealer  in  grain  anil  live  stock,  who  has  an  elevator  of  48,000  bushels  capac- 
ity in  the  village;  A.  D.  Hutchinson,  also  grain  ;  M.  A.  Stowell,  lumber;  P.  R.  Ford, 
proprietor  Monica  House  ;  F.  Fairfield,  harness  ;  Joseph  Gotz,  boots  and  shoes  ;  Dr.  D.  F. 
Duke,  physician 

RADNOR  TOWNSHIP. 

[town  ten  north,  range  seven  east.] 

In  early  times  the  territory  included  in  this  township  was  attached  to  Kickapoo  pre- 
cinct for  election  and  other  purposes.  Under  the  law  providing  for  township  organiza- 
tion, the  name  Radnor  was  proposed  for  this  municipality  by  Evan  Evans,  the  first  super- 
visor, after  Radnor,  Pennsylvania,  and  Radnorshire,  Wales,  the  home  of  his  ancestors,  and 
the  name  was  adopted. 

To  a  man  named  Miller  is  ascribed  the  honor  of  building  and  occupying  the  first 
cabin  in  this  township.  The  Miller  cabin  was  probably  built  about  the  latter  part  of  1832, 
or  early  part  of  1838  ;  and  until  1835,  if  he  remained  here  that  long,  he  was  "  monarch 
of  all  he  surveyed."     In  1835,  a  number  of  persons  came  and  founded  homes. 

Erastus  Peat,  Griffith  Dickison,  and  some  other  members  of  the  Dickison  family, 
were  the  next  settlers  after  Miller,  but  the  date  of  their  settlement  is  not  easily  accessi- 
ble. They  probably  came  about  1834-5.  John  L.  Wakefield  moved  over  from  Kickapoo 
township  about  1835-6,  and  located  on  section  18,  his  present  home.  George  D.  Harlan, 
the  Dunlaps,  Calvin  Blake,  Griffith  Dickison,  Daniel  Corbert,  Elihu  Pratt,  Daniel  Robin- 
son, Robert  Cline,  Jedediah  Hitchcock,  Moses  Harlan,  William  Gifford,  and  Harvy  Still- 
man,  came  in  1837. 

The  first  precinct  election  was  held  at  the  house  of  Alva  Dunlap,  on  the  northwest 
quarter  of  section  14.  Richard  Scholes  is  reported  as  the  first  justice  of  the  peace.  The 
first  couple  married  was  George  McMillan  and  Miss  Phoebe  Hill.  The  first  birth  was  in 
the  family  of  Henry  Martin,  on  the  southeast  quarter  of  section  35,  in  1836.  The  first 
death  was  that  of  Henry  Martin  the  same  year.  The  first  post  office  was  known  as  Orange 
Prairie,  and  was  located  at  the  residence  of  Enoch  Huggins,  who  was  the  postmaster,  on 
section  36.  That  post  office  was  discontinued  some  years  since,  and  was  succeeded  by 
the  post  office  at  Dunlap,  Miss  Frances  Dunlap,  postmistress.  This  is  tlie  only  post  office 
in  the  township. 

The  first  schools  were  taught  in  the  Summer  of  1837,  and  were  subscription  schools. 
These  schools  commenced  almost  simultaneously.  One  of  them  was  taught  by  Miss  Mary 
Twitchell,  in  a  log  building  on  the  Gifford  place.  The  other  school  was  taught  by 
Miss  Phoebe  Cline,  in  a  small  building  on  the  Wakefield  place,  on  section  18. 
From  the  time  of  these  primitive  schools  to  the  present,  the  educational  interests  have 
not  been  allowed  to  languish.  Schools  were  carefully  and  steadily  maintained  in  every 
neighborhood — in  every  part  of  the  township  where  there  were  children  enough  to  make 
a  school.  Sometimes  they  were  taught  in  rooms  belonging  to  private  houses,  and  some- 
times in  houses  that  had  been  vacated  for  better  ones.  At  last  the  township  was  dis- 
tricted, and  public  school-houses  were  built,  until  now  there  are  nine  as  handsome  school- 
houses  in  Radnor  township  as  in  any  other  political  division  in  the  county.  Each 
district  is  composed  of  four  sections,  and  the  school-houses  are  located,  as  nearly  as  may 
be,  at  the  adjoining  corners  of  these  sections.  They  are  all  supplied  with  modern  furni- 
ture, and  made  as  comfortable  every  way  as  possible.  School  is  maintained  about  nine 
months  in  each  of  them. 

The  earliest  preaching  was  about  1837,  by  the  Rev.  Mr.  Cunniugliam,  of  the  M.  E. 
church.     He  visited  here  occasionally,  and  preached  in  the  houses  of  the  settlers.     The 


614  HISTORY  OF  PKORIA  COUXTY. 

first  church  edifice  was  erected  on  the  land  of  Mr.  A.  V.iti*s,  in  l-<.')0.  There  are  now 
four  church  l)uildin;4s,  and  as  manj-  conjjregations.  Of  these  the  Methodist  people  have 
two,  tlie  Presbyterians  one,  and  the  Catholics  one. 

The  GlendaU  Methodist  Church  was  erected  in  1861,  and  is  located  on  the  corners  of 
sections  io,  26,  35,  and  36.  It  is  an  apiiointincMit  of  the  Kickapoo  circuit,  and  is  supplied 
bv  the  "circuit  rider."     The  other  Metliodist  congregation  is  iiuown  as 

Salem  Church,  and  is  located  on  the  northeast  quarter  of  the  southeast  quartet  of 
section  16.  It  is  also  an  appointment  of  the  Kickapoo  circuit.  Rev.  C.  W.  Green  has 
preached  to  these  congregations  since  the  Conference  appointments  of  1878. 

The  Presbyterian  and  Catholic  churches  are  located  in  the  village  of  Duniap,  and 
will  be  further  noticed  in  the  sketcii  of  that  promising  haniK-t. 

InduKtries.  —  Agriculture  and  stock-growing  are  the  leading  industries  of  the  town- 
ship. In  these  respects,  and  especially  the  former,  it  is  more  than  an  average  with  the 
other  townships  of  the  county.  The  farms  are  all  in  good  condition,  and  remuneratively 
productive. 

Coal  Mining.  —  Although  the  entire  township  is  underlaid  with  a  rich  deposit  of 
coal,  only  two  banks  have  lieen  opened.  Both  of  these  openings  are  in  the  southwest  part 
of  the  township  and  are  tiie  principal  sources  of  fuel  su])ply. 

What  is  known  as  Evans'  mill,  on  the  east  fork  of  Kickapoo  creek,  was  built  about 
1842-3  by  a  man  named  Pierce.  It  is  located  on  Sec.  21',  and  is  the  only  mill  in  the 
county  driven  by  water  power. 

DONLAP   VILLAGE. 

Tiiis  village  is  located  on  the  Peoria  and  Rock  Island  Railmad,  fifteen  miles  north- 
west from  Peoria,  and  is  an  outgrowth  of  that  railroad  enterprise.  The  situation  is  a 
commanding  one,  and  is  in  tlie  center  of  an  agricultural  district  that  is  unsurpassed  in  any 
part  of  the  county.  The  village  site  embraces  forty  acres  of  Alva  Dunlap's  iiome  place, 
and  was  laid  off  by  that  gentleman  in  1871. 

The  honor  of  Ituilding  the  first  house  in  the  village,  belongs  to  Dr.  .Toiin  Gillett.  Me 
commenced  building  in  June,  1871,  and  completed  and  occupied  tlie  building  witli  a 
stock  of  drugs  and  groceries  in  October  of  the  same  year. 

In  the  Fall  of  1871  George  W.  Hlake  built  a  business  house  at  the  curnerof  B  and  Rail- 
road Streets,  and  occupied  it  with  a  stock  of  groceries.  H.  I.  Smith  built  a  residence  in  the 
Fall  of  1871,  and  commenced  the  business  of  a  blacksmith.  Hugh  Yates  built  a  store 
and  residence  combined  on  Fii-st  Street  in  1872.  Miss  Frances  M.  Duniap  commenced 
the  dry  goods  and  notions  trade  in  the  [io>-t-ofliee  building  at  tlie  corner  of  Fii-st  and  A 
Streets  in  the  .Spring  of  lS7t>,  wliere  siie  still  continues.  Tiie  post  office  of  Dunlaj)  was 
established  in  September,  1871,  with  Miss  Duniap  as  postmistress,  a  position  she  still 
holds.  J.  Kreaner  commenced  the  tin  and  hardware  l)usine.ss  on  First  Street  in  187  ■'. 
A.  Huber,  the  village  shoemaker,  added  a  stock  of  boots  and  shoes  in  the  Fall  of  1S78. 
Hen.  C.  Vaughan,  iilacksmith  and  wagonmaker,  commenced  l)usiness  in  1872.  The 
.Mathews'  elevator  was  erected  in  1877.  David  Smith's  warehouse  was  re-constructed 
and  fitted  up  with  elevator  appliances  the  same  year. 

Schools  and  Churches.  —  The  first  school,  after  Duniap  was  sur\eyetl,  was  taught  by 
Miss  Susan  Rathburn  in  a  small  building  just  over  the  south  line  of  the  village  plat,  and 
commenced  in  September,  1871.  The  sehool-house  was  buill  in  1877.  and  cost  about 
♦900.  The  first  piaycr  meeting  wius  held  at  the  residence  of  (leorge  W.  Pyle,  corner  of 
Third  and  B  Streets,"july  2.  1M7'). 

Thr  /'renlii/terian  Church  edifice  at  Duniap  is  a  gracefid  and  elegant  structure.  Pre- 
vious to  the  completion  of  this  building,  the  Presbyterian  people  woi-sliijied  in  ft  building 
erected  on  the  land  of  Mr.  A.  Yates,  in  18;')0.  'I'lie  Catholic  house  of  worship  was 
erected  in  1879. 


HISTORY   OF   PEORIA  COUNTY.  615 

RICHWOODS  TOWNSHIP. 

Richwoods  is  situated  in  the  eastern  portion  of  Peoria  county,  joining  Peoria  town- 
ship on  the  north.  Was  so  called  by  its  first  inhabitants  because  of  its  heavy  timber  of 
sugar  maple,  elms,  walnuts  and  oak,  and  when  the  township  organization  was  effected 
the  name  was  retained. 

It  has  within  its  limits  Springdale  Cemetery,  containing  one  hundred  and  seventy 
acres  of  hind,  beautifully  situated  on  the  bluff  overlooking  Peoria  Lake  and  the  Illinois 
river.  The  county  fair  grounds — Jefferson  Park  —  is  also  in  this  township.  Mr. 
William  German  was  the  first  settler  of  the  township.  He  came  in  1832  and  located  on 
Sec.  29.  Later  in  the  same  j'ear  came  Thomas  Essex,  a  native  of  Virginia,  and  settled 
on  the  same  section.  In  1833  Benjamin  Slane,  Marginus  Belford,  and  William  Nixon, 
came  and  settled  on  Sec.  27.  Mr.  Slane  remained  but  a  short  time,  then  removed  to 
Princeville  township.  He  was  the  first  supervisor  from  that  township.  Also  later  in 
1833  Stephen  Carroll,  Levi  McCormick.  and  a  man  by  the  name  of  Barton,  settled  in  the 
township.  In  1834  Josiah  Fulton  and  famil}'  removed  from  Peoria.  The  first  marriage 
was  Charles  Ballance,  of  Peoria,  to  Miss  Julia  Snebly,  in  1835.  The  first  death  was  Mr. 
Stephen  Carroll's  father.  The  first  minister  was  Rev.  Isaac  Keller,  who  preached  in  a 
log  school-house  on  Sec.  27,  in  1835.  Nathan  Giles  immigrated  to  the  township  in  1836 ; 
was  a  native  of  Oneida  county,  N.  Y.  John  Berket  of  Lancashire,  England,  came  to  the 
county  in  1836.  Smith  Frye  came  from  Washington  county,  Penn.,  in  1834  ;  was  an 
active,  influential  man.  Was  elected  sheriff  of  the  county  in  an  early  day.  Mr.  Frye 
was  killed  by  a  pistol  shot  at  the  stock  yards  in  Peoria,  in  1860,  by  a  man  named  Carroll. 
Benjamin  Lusk  settled  in  the  township  in  1834.  He  was  from  Duchess  county,  N.  Y., 
has  two  sons  living  in  the  township.  John  Heines  also  came  as  early  as  1834.  He  was 
born  in  Frederick  county,  Va.  In  1833  William  0.  Stringer  settled  on  Sec.  8,  and  was 
among  the  earliest  settlers  of  the  township. 

Schools.  —  In  1851  the  Snebly  and  Chauncey  wood  school-house  was  built,  being  the 
first  frame  building  used  for  school  purposes  in  the  township,  (previous  to  that  log  cabins 
were  used,)  eighteen  by  twenty-four  feet,  and  cost  !|400.  The  next  was  the  Stringer 
school-house  in  the  northern  part  of  the  town,  in  1853,  at  a  cost  of  about  $400,  which  is 
still  standing  and  occupied  for  school  purposes.  The  next  was  the  brick  house  on 
section  28,  known  as  the  Fulton  school-house,  which  was  pulled  down  and  a  fine  building 
erected  in  1858,  on  section  33,  in  its  stead,  known  as  the  Jackson,  or  Yates  school-house, 
at  a  cost  of  $1,000.  In  1853  the  Spears  school-house  was  erected,  a  brick  building, 
eighteen  by  twenty -four,  and  cost  |400.  It  was  afterwards  abandoned,  and  the  district 
being  divided  up,  there  has  been  two  houses  erected,  one  known  as  the  Louks,  and 
the  other  the  Sipp.  They  are  frame  buildings  costing  about  $600  each.  In  the  northwest 
corner  of  the  township  a  frame  building  was  erected,  known  as  the  Snebly  and  Johnson 
school-house,  costing  about  $500.  In  the  year  of  1865  or  '66,  there  was  a  frame 
building  erected  on  section  15,  on  the  Illinois  Bottoms,  known  as  the  Littleton  school- 
house,  and  cost  about  |<400.  The  Hines  school-house  was  built  in  187l2,  on  section  28, 
•  and  cost  $500.  The  schools  are  in  a  flourishing  condition,  always  pay  very  good  prices 
for  teachers,  and  having  sessions  of  six  to  nine  months  a  year. 


ROSEFIELD   TOWNSHIP. 

This  township  first  was  settled  about  the  year  1833,  by  Amos  Stevens,  who  located  at 
the  Kickapoo  Forks,  and  built  the  first  log  cabin  and  broke  the  first  prairie.  Winney 
Rynearson  and  a  brother  of  A.  Stevens  came  in  shortly  after.  John  and  David  Combs, 
Lewis  Cooledge,  and  Wm.  Mixon  came  in  1835;   Benjamin  Miller  and  Joseph   Bohrer  a 


816  HlSTOnV   OP  PEORIA  COUNTY. 

year  later.  The  first  cliurch  was  a  Methodist,  organized  in  1807.  Tlie  first  school-house 
was  l)uilt  ou  section  t*,  in  1838.  Roswell  Smith  was  the  first  teaclier  in  tlic  schuol-house; 
but  the  first  sciiool  was  held  in  a  private  house,  tau^'ht  by  Martha  Miller,  daughter  of 
Beiijaniin  Miller,  in  the  year  18o7.  The  township  is  generally  broken,  except  in  the 
southwest  corner,  where  some  beautiful  farms  and  good  substantial  farmers  are  to  be 
found. 

OAK   HILL. 

The  village  of  Oak  Hill  is  situated  on  the  C,  B.  &  Q.  R.  R.,  about  twenty  miles 
from  I'eoria,  in  Rosefield  township.  It  was  laid  out  and  platted  by  Joseph  Bohrer  and 
Wni.  M.  Dudge,  in  l8."j.'>.  Mr.  Bohrer  was  born  in  Frederick  county, Va.,  on  the  9th  day 
of  May,  1805.  Was  married  February,  18J9,  to  Harriet  Dawson,  and  lived  in  Morgan 
county,  Va.,  until  18;j6,  when  he  emigrated  to  Illinois  and  located  in  Rosefield  township. 
There  is  at  present  three  general  stores,  one  owned  and  occupied  by  A.  Y.  Forney,  who 
commenced  business  in  1865,  who  also  has  been  postmaster  about  the  same  length  of 
time.  Mr.  Jacob  Dawson  has  been  in  business  since  the  C,  B.  &  Q.  passed  through, 
most  of  tiie  time  dealing  in  stock  and  grain  ;  but  at  present  in  the  mercantile  business. 
W.  W.  Miller  owns  and  occupies  one  of  the  stores.  He  came  to  the  township  among  the 
earliest  settlers.  There  is  one  church  (Methodist)  ;  a  good  school  building ;  two  black- 
smith shops  and  one  warehouse. 

In  18G')  the  camp  ground  of  the  M.  E.  Church  was  bought  by  the  Peoria  district, 
where  thousands  of  people  congregate  yearly  to  worship.  It  is  situated  a  short  distance 
northwest  of  town,  in  a  beautiful  grove,  and  has  a  fine  spring  of  water  on  the  ground. 

Oak  Hill  Church. — In  1837  or  '38,  the  first  M.  E.  Churcli  was  organized  on  section 
14,  and  known  as  the  Combs  meeting-house.  Since  that  time  the  church  has 
gone  to  decay.  The  church  at  Oak  Hill  was  organized  in  184."),  and  held  their  meetings 
in  a  school-house  until  1858,  when  they  erected  a  church  edifice  under  the  supervision 
of  Rev.  G.  R.  Palmer,  and  at  that  time  had  a  membership  of  aliout  sixty.  The  Ix'aid  of 
othcers  were  Cutten  Dawson,  Daniel  Bniwn,  Austin  Nixon.  Jacol)  Gunth,  Isaac  Weth- 
rell,  W.  W.  Miller,  A.  Dawson  ;  and  building  committee,  Austin  Nixon,  \V.  W.  Miller, 
J.  Dawson  ;  class  leader  was  A.  Nixon,  after  the  new  church  was  built.  The  cost  of 
building  was  81,-00.  Rev.  C.  W.  Green  has  charge  of  the  chuich,  and  is  doing  a  good 
work.  Has  a  school  building  28x36,  16  feet  C,  and  the  attendance  is  forty.  School  is 
conducted  by  Miss  Ida  Hurt. 

The  Methodint  Churrh  at  Texan:.  —  This  church  was  organized  in  Rosefield  township, 
in  1854,  and  is  known  as  the  Wrigley  Church.  The  original  nienibers  were  ten  in  num- 
ber. The  first  class  leader  was  Joseph  Dunn.  Trustees  were  Robert  Wrigley  and  Henry 
Robins.  The  first  pastor  was  J.  M.  Snyder.  For  the  first  few  years  the  society  wor- 
shiped in  a  iirick  school-house.  Their  present  church  was  built  some  time  about  1860, 
a  frame  building,  26x34  feet,  and  will  accommoilate  between  200  and  250.    It  cost  jil.GOO. 

liogefield  M.  E.  Church.  —  The  first  Metliodist  class  williin  the  vicinit}'  of  tlie  pre- 
sent church  edifice  was  formed  in  1844,  or  periia[)s  a  ^ear  or  two  earlier  with  twelve 
original  members.  Tiie  first  church  edifice  was  built  in  1854  ;  and  in  1874  was  abandoned 
and  a  new  cliurch  erected  acro.ss  the  road,  costing  $1, 650,  and  was  dedicated  by  Rev.  R. 
N.  .Morse.  .Mtliough  the  Imiiding  is  not  large,  it  is  however,  neat  and  attractive,  ami 
the  churcli  is  tree  from  debt.  The  house  is  sujiplied  witli  a  good  organ.  \\  tiie  present 
time  the  memlK'rshiji  is  twenty-four.  Nelson  Siiephcrd  is  class  leader  and  Sunday  school 
superintendent;  John  Yinger,  steward  ;  and  these  with  John  VanAnsdall,  trustees.  The 
pastors  have  been  tiie  same  as  at  Pleasant  Grove  witli  few  exceptions,  prior  to  1850. 

liuseficld  Farmer  s  .Mutual  Fire  and  Liyhtnimi  Insurance  Compani/.  —  Tiiis  corpor- 
ation is  composed  of  tiie  resident  farmers  of  the  towns  nf  Rosefield.  Elmwimd.  Trivnli  and 
Logan,  wild  organized  themselves  togetlier  under  tiie  State  laws  unacted  Marcii  24.  1874, 


HISTORY  OF  PEORIA   COUNTT!  61T 

for  the  purpose  of  mutual  protection  against  loss  or  damacre  by  fire  or  lightning.  The  first 
election  occurred  on  the  6th  of  March,  1875,  when  the  following  Board  of  Directors  was 
chosen  :  J.  H.  Hart,  James  Richardson,  S.  S.  Glasgow,  N.  Huffman,  Thomas  Lapsley, 
A.  J.  McFarland,  John  Yinger,  J.  J.  Harding  and  Thomas  Clinch.  On  March  13,  fol- 
lowing, the  directors  elected  J.  H.  Hart,  president,  Thomas  Clinch,  treasurer,  and  O.  B. 
Green,  secretary.  At  the  date  of  organization  the  schedule  of  property  upon  which  policies 
were  issued  aggregated  sixty-three  thousand  dollars.  The  business  office  of  the  company 
is  located  at  the  school-house  of  District  No.  3  in  Logan  township,  Peoria  county. 


TIMBER  TOWNSHIP. 

Timber  township  forms  the  extreme  southern  point  of  the  county,  and  was  originally 
chiefly  covered  with  timber.  The  north  part  is  rolling ;  the  southern  part  is  bottom 
lands.  Tlie  Toledo,  Peoria  &  Warsaw  railroad,  passes  across  the  lower  portion,  and 
opens  to  market  some  valuable  lands.  Timber  township  is  settled  by  an  industrious  and 
energetic  class  of  citizens,  who  have  made  some  of  the  best  farm  improvements  in  Peoria 
county.  It  is  well  watered  and  rolling,  and  is  well  adapted  to  stock  and  grain  raising. 
One  of  the  old  settlers  asserts  that  the}'  have  not  had  a  failure  in  crops  for  forty-five 
years.  It  is  claimed  that  a  man  b}-  the  name  of  Daniel  Hinkle  was  the  first  settler  in 
the  township. 

Benjamin  Duffield  immigrated  to  Timber  township  from  Nicholas  county,  Va.,  in  the 
Spring  of  1832,  where  he  died  the  following  year.  He  mari'ied  Miss  Elizabetii  Shock, 
of  Shenandoah  county,  Va.,  by  whom  he  had  seven  children,  five  boys  and  two  girls. 
Mrs.  G.  has  been  in  the  township  over  forty-seven  years.  She  married  Samuel  A.  Glass- 
ford,  a  native  of  Ohio,  who  came  to  the  county  in  1842. 

Mr.  G.  laid  out  the  town  of  Glassford,  December  9,  1868.  The  first  name  given  to 
it  was  Glascoe,  but  it  was  afterwards  changed  for  the  reason  that  there  was  another  town 
by  that  name  in  the  State.  The  town  contains  two  general  stores,  one  Baptist  church, 
a  good  school-house,  two  blacksmith  shops,  one  flouring  and  saw  mill,  two  shoemaker 
shops,  a  warehouse  and  one  wagonmaker  shop. 

Tlie  first  school-house,  says  Mrs.  G.,  was  a  small  log  building  near  Dry  Run,  16x18, 
with  greased  paper  for  windows.  The  benches  were  made  of  slabs  turned  flat  side  up 
with  pins  for  legs.     Here  some  of  the  best  people  in  the  township  got  their  education. 

The  first  church  erected  was  at  Lancaster,  by  the  M.  E.  society,  which  has  since 
been  moved  to  Coperas  creek,  and  is  now  used  by  the  Christian  Union.  The  first  meet- 
ing was  held  at  Wm.  Eyman's,  one  mile  above  Kingston. 

John  Congeton  immigrated  to  the  county  in  1835.  In  the  Spring  of  1836,  there  was 
an  election  at  the  house  of  Wm.  Duffield  ;  he  was  appointed  as  one  of  the  judges  of  elec- 
tion, and  the  whole  number  of  votes  cast  was  seven.  Daniel  Hinkle  was  not  only  the 
first  settler  in  Timber,  but  the  first  justice  of  the  peace. 

Col.  A.  L.  Fahnenstock  came  to  the  county  in  1837,  from  Adams  county,  Pa.,  and 
located  at  Lancaster.  lu  1856,  he  embarked  in  the  mercantile  business  in  Lancaster  ; 
afterwards  removed  to  Glassford,  where  he  handles  a  large  stock  of  general  merchandise. 
He  has  held  several  local  offices  ;  was  county  treasurer  two  years.  He  entered  the  army 
as  captain  and  was  commissioned  as  colonel,  but  not  mustered.  Charles  Fahnenstock, 
son  of  the  colonel,  is  also  engaged  in  the  same  business. 

Wm.  H.  Davis,  has  one  of  the  finest  flouring  mills,  outside  of  Peoria,  in  the  county, 
equipped  with  the  latest  improvements.  It  was  erected  in  1872,  and  cost  $17,000.  There 
is  also  a  saw  mill  worked  by  the  same  power,  which  cost  about  $3,000. 

Lancaster  is  situated  on  section  17,  and  was  laid  out  by  Samuel  F.  Bollinger.     Since 
the  railroad  passed  through  the  township  the  business  has  gone  chiefl}-  to  Glassford. 
45 


g|g  HISTORY  OF  PEORIA   COUNTY. 

Kingston,  formerly  Palmyra,  is  situated  on  the  Illinois  river,  and  was  laid   out   by 
James  Monroe.     The  chief  business  is  coal  mining. 


TRIVOLI   TOWNSHIP. 

Is  situated  in  the  south  part  of  the  county,  and  is  among  the  best  townships  in  the 
county,  taking  into  consideration  the  quality  of  the  land,  the  improvements,  its  citizens, 
and  the  material  advantages  it  possesses  as  to  proportion  of  timljer.  [irairie,  water,  etc., 
etc.  Its  farmers  are  generally  old  settlers  who  have  by  years  of  toil,  not  only  improved 
its  lands,  but  have  erected  fine  dwellings.  The  firet  settler  in  the  township  was  Isaac 
Harkness,  who  came  in  1830  and  located  in  the  north  part  of  the  township.  The  fol- 
lowing year  (1831)  came  Levi  Harkness,  Gardner  Gilbert  and  wife,  and  about  the  same 
time  Samuel  Emery,  Sr.,  Robert  McConnell,  Mt-thiah  Bourne  came.  In  1S32  Samuel 
Clark  and  wife,  and  Benjamin  W.  Crane  and  wife  came,  and  in  1834  came  John  Hiatt, 
Eli  Wilson,  .son  and  wife,  settled  in  the  township.  In  1835  several  other  families  fol- 
lowed, among  them  we  find  Curtis  Cady  and  wife,  Page  Hiatt  and  wife,  David  R.  Gregory 
and  wife,  and  Samuel  M.  Mack.  In  succeeding  years  the  town  filled  up  rapidly.  The 
first  physican  was  Lewis  A.  Hunneford,  who  followed  his  profession  for  a  number  of 
years.  The  first  preacher  was  Peter  Bourne.  The  first  school-house  was  l)uilt  on  section 
4,  near  the  residence  of  Isaac  Harkness.  The  first  teacher  was  Miss  Sarah^Waters,  and  was 
paid  l)y  subscription.  The  first  church  organization  was  at  the  Harkness  school-house, 
and  the  first  preacher  there  was  Rev.  Samuel  Emery,  a  Methodist.  The  first  post- 
master was  Robert  McConnell,  and  the  first  store  building  was  erected  by  David  A. 
Gove,  and  run  by  Milo  Smith.  Blacksmith  shop  was  built  in  1834  in  the  southwest 
part  of  towu  by  Henry  A.  Green.     The  first  hotel  was  kept  by  M.  Bourne. 

THE    VILLAGE   OF   TBIVOLI 

is  situated  in  the  township  of  Trivoli,  eighteen  miles  due  west  of  the  city  of  Peoria,  and 
hius  about  two  hundred  inhabitants.  The  town  was  laid  out  about  1840  or  '41.  The 
business  men  at  tiie  present  writing  are  as  follows:  Blacksmiths,  J.  K.  Bourne,  John 
Fletcher  and  John  Grecnhalgh ;  boot  and  shoemaker,  Sharron  Schilling;  carpenter, 
James  Callahan  ;  harness  and  collars,  Jacob  Linck  ;  justices  of  the  peace,  James  Johnson 
and  James  Tyler;  grist  mill,  Geo.  Briber;  physicians,  A.J.  Graham  and  W.  C.  Bonvard  ; 
one  newspaper,  Trivoli  S.,  James  Johnson,  editor;  two  general  stores,  one  M.  E.  church 
and  one  school  building.  It  does  a  considerable  local  trade,  and  to  make  it  a  place  of 
prominence  it  only  needs  raihoad  facilities,  which  are  now  contemplated  and  undoubtedly 
a  year  or  two  will  bring. 

Brunnwiuk  Presbyterian  Church,  of  Trivoli  Toiniship. — About  the  year  1833,  there 
came  from  Virginia  a  few  families  of  Presbyterian  parentage  and  training  by  the  name  of 
Ramsay,  and  located  in  the  southwest  part  of  Trivoli  township,  in  the  timber  skirting  the 
beautiful  luit  then  neglected  and  despised  prairie  lanti.  These  were  after  a  short  time 
followed  by  other  friends  from  tlieir  native  .State. 

These  people  had  plain  homes,  plain  food,  plain  clothing  and  plain  preaching.  By 
1840  other  families  having  moved  into  the  community,  a  missionary,  then  in  the  employ 
of  the  Old  School  Presbyterian  Church,  came  into  the  community  iluly  pursuing  his 
calling,  and  was  encouraged  to  gather  tiie.se  people  into  one  organization,  which  was 
effecteil  on  September  lit,  1840,  by  the  mi.'^sionary.  Rev.  Geo.  G.  Sill  and  Rev.  Abraham 
I).  Wilson,  of  the  i'roteslant  Dutch  t'liurch,  and  tlie  church  was  known  as  the  Protestant 
Dutch  Church  of  Coperas. 

The  place  of  organization  was  the  house  of  Robert  Ramsey,  and  ten  persons  com- 
posed the  church  as  organized.     Thomas  liamsey  and  George  Walls  were  chosen  to  the 


HISTORY  OF  PEORIA   COUNTY:  619 

eldership  and  duly  installed.  In  the  two  following  years  several  more  members  were  added. 
The  services  were  mostly  held  in  a  school-house  on  the  farm  now  owned  by  John  Yerion. 
The  erection  of  the  present  and  only  church  ])ui]ding  was  begun  by  laying  the  corner 
stone  on  November  23,  1844,  by  Rev.  George  G.  Sill,  and  it  appears  that  it  was  ready  for 
occupancy  the  same  year,  the  basement  being  stone,  the  second  story  frame,  and  valued 
at  $2,000"with  grounds. 

In  1844  a  post  office  was  established  and  named  Brunswick  and  the  name  of  the 
church  was  changed  accordingly.  This  church  has  for  many  years  joined  with  the  Salem 
Presbyterian  Church  in  the  support  of  the  same  minister.  The  present  membership  is 
eighty.  A  Sabbath  school  has  been  sustained  here  since  1842.  A  prayer  meeting  and 
Woman's  Foreign  Mission  Society  are  in  existence.  Their  present  pastor  is  Wm.  King, 
who  has  labored  with  them  for  some  years. 

Evangelical  Lutheran  St.  Johns  Church.  —  The  constitution  was  adopted  and  signed 
October  27,  1849,  with  seventeen  original  members.  Jacob  Scherer,  pastor.  On  the 
27th  day  of  May,  1855,  the  name  of  the  church  was  changed  to  Zion  Evangelical 
Church  of  Trivol. 

The  first  officers  of  the  church  were  as  follows :  Henry  Frank,  elder,  and  Patrick 
Gilbrath,  as  deacon,  who  were  inaugurated  October  28,  1849.  On  the  2tith  of  June, 
1850,  the  following  brothers  were  elected :  Henry  Erford,  as  elder,  and  Christian  Shirk, 
as  deacon,  and  was  inaugurated  June  30,  1850.  They  have  a  comfortable  frame  build- 
ing, 30x44  feet,  and  cost  about  $1,500. 


620 


niSTORT   OP  PEORIA   COUNTY 


STATrSTICS   OF   THE    POPULATION    OF   PEORIA    COUNTY,    ILLINOIS.    BY   TOWNSHIPS, 

CENSUS   OF   1860   AND   1870. 


FROM 


Townships. 


Akron 

Brimlield 

Chillicothc 

Elmwood 

Elmwood  City 

HsUock 

Mollis 


1  IMOl 

1870. 

1 

1 

1. 107 

1,183 

J 

1,102 

1.547 

1 

663 

1.486 

1 

I.I78 

934 
1.476 

1 
! 

1.060 

«.094 

J 

716 

980 

i 

Townships. 


Jabilee 

Kickapoo.. 
Logan  . . . . 
Limestone  . 
Medina  ... 
Millbrook  . 
Peoria 


i860. 

1870. 

803 

837 

1.265 

1.440 

I.35S 

1.065 

1.063 

2.302  1 

930 

905  i 

1.024 

1.075  1 

794  1 

Townships. 


Peoiia  City 
Princeville. 
Rosefield  .. 
Richwoods 

Radnor 

Trivoli 

Timber 


i860. 


l.»34 
1.090 
997 
1,109 
1,617 
1.530 


1870. 


23.849 

».33S 
1,108 
1,239 
948 
«.»34 
'■707 


AGRICULTURAL   STATISTICS   OF   PEORLA   COUNTY   FOR   1879. 


Tovnshipi. 


Akron 

Bnmfield  .. 
Chillicothe  . 
Elmwood  .. 
Hallock  ... 

HoUii 

Jubilee 

Kickapoo  .. 
Limestone  . 

Logan 

Medina 

.Millbrook.. 

Peoria 

Princeville  . 

Radnor 

Richwoods . 
Rosefield  .. 
Timber.... 
Trivoli 


Hones. 


Nui  Cattle. 


Hi     Total ;  12.471  $347.945129,874  $301,437713 


$53"»3oi$57.65a  $786,782 


AORICULTURAX.  STATISTICS   OF   PEORIA   COUNTY    FOR   1879. 


Townships. 


Akron 

Brimlield .. 
ChiUicothe. 
Elmwood. . 
Hallock... 

Holhs 

Jubilee.... 
Kickapoo.. 
Limestone  . 

Logan 

Medina 

Millbrook  . 

Peoria 

Princeville 

Radnor 

Richwoods 
Rosefield.. 
Timber  ... 
Trivoli 


Total 


Acfes  in  Cultivation. 


Wheat. 


449 
503 
»53 
600 
I9S 
765 
119 
138 
396 
512 
407 
827 


545 
252 

205 

202 

1.596 

634 

8501 


Com. 


9436 
11,122 

.3.7" 
6.877 
6.276 
2,204 
4.005 
4.7*5 
4.515 
5.894 
5.037 
8.691 

"94 
7.120 
7.362 
2.773 
5.704 
3.845 
9.3S6 

108.887 


Oau. 


2.448 
a.371 

764 
1,310 
1,524 

435 
1.243 
I.35S 
1.203 
2,189 
1.296 
1.885 
43 
".713 
2.442 

757 
1.288 
1,036 
l.9"5 

27.210 


OihvrMid 
Productft.      Ilesdoa 


452 
496 
105 

794 
277 
745 
478 
678 
2,063 
764 
'59 
286 

25 
637 
625 
412 
1.014 
671 
223 

10.904 


2.366 
1,657 
1S2 
1. 811 
1,638 

59« 

996 

1,864 

1.749 
1,308 
1,408 
1.609 
131 
971 
2.831 
2.168 
1,109 
1.691 
'.751 

37.836 


Endoted 

PssluR. 

Acres. 


2.449 
2,982 
361 
2,414 
1,301 

1.35" 

776 

3.100 

563 

1,668 

1,189 

3.503 

279 

2.470 

4.645 

».79« 

f,oo6 

1,093 

2,535 


Orchard* 
Acres. 


36,474  I  3.630 


311 

215 
60 
40S 
180 
'94 
83 
187 
203 
176 
'35 
122 

54 
161 
389 
310 

163 
302 

278 


Wood- 
land. 


364 
'38 
134 
3630 
3.635 
501 


1.402 

602 

'.943 

3.3'o 
'.509 

180 
1.062 

7»o 
1.356 
3.768 
5.440 
2.579 

32.2C3 


Total 
Value  of 
Lands. 


$5  $8,660 
635.310 
112,360 
399.960 
306.054 

190.590 
339.302 

314.525 
454.097 
401.990 

389551 
405.665 

464.937 
510.679 

434.439 
404.300 
2S<).535 
216.678 
501.130 

»7.359.65« 


%  ^ 


v_>.V 


% 


V- 


\ 


n 


97^m./eM  ^2j/eut^ 


PEORIA. 


CHAPTER  XIX. 


Biographical  Directory 


ABBREVIATIONS. 


»gt agent 

ass'n ' aasuclnclon 

atty attorney 

ave avenue 

bds , boards 

bee between 

Co Com  pany 

Cos Companies 

cor. corner 

e east 

111.  Inf. Illinois  Infantry 

Ins.  afft Insurance  agent 


manf manufacturer 

Mo.  Inf Missouri  Infantry 

n.  north 

prop proprietor 

pat patent 

res. residence 

R.  R.  agt railroad  agent 

Regt regl  ment 

s south 

U.  S United  States 

w west 


PEORIA     CITY. 


Abel  Geo.  policeman,  res.  606  N.  Washington  street. 
Ackerman  DeWltt  B.  plasterer,  res.  Spring  street. 
Adams  John  H.  carpenter.  605  Hulburt  street. 
Adams  G.  T.  engineer,  802  S.  Washington  street. 
Adllngton  E.  G.  route  agent,  res.  1 17  North  street. 

AIKEN  MARK  MORRILiL,  real  estate 
dealer,  1 16  N.  Washington  street,  is  the  son  of  Nathan- 
iel and  Susannah  (Morrill)  Aiken.  He  was  born  in 
Deering,  Hillsboro  county,  New  Hampshire,  June  2i, 
i8o8.  His  great-grandfather,  Edward  Aiken,  emigrated 
from  the  north  of  Ireland  to  Londonderry,  New  Hamp- 
shire, about  1722.  He  had  three  sons.  Nathaniel,  James 
and  William.  Nathaniel  had  five  sons,  Edward,  John, 
James,  Thomas  and  William.  The  latter  settled  in 
Deering,  New  Hampshire.  He  married  Betsy  Wood- 
burn.  She  was  the  daughter  of  David  Woodburn.  David 
Woodburn  and  wife  were  the  maternal  grandparents  of 
Horace  Greeley.  One  daughter,  Betsv.  married  William 
Aiken;  another  daughter,  Mary,  married  Zaccheus 
Greeley,  from  whom  Horace  Greeley  was  descended. 
The  offspring  of  William  Aiken  and  Betsy  Woodburn 
was  Nathaniel  Aiken.  He  married  Susannah  Morrill. 
There  were  five  children  as  the  fruit  of  this  marriage. 
Mark  M.  Aiken  being  the  first.  He  bears  his  mother's 
patronymic  for  his  middle  name.  He  received  a  com- 
mon school  education.  In  the  same  class  with  him  was 
a  boy  who  has  since  made  a  noise  in  the  theological 
world  —  Rev.  Parker  Pillsbury.  When  he  was  six- 
teen   years  old,  he    began  to  look  about    for  employ- 


ment. He  had  a  maternal  uncle  in  New  York  city, 
who  visited  his  father  every  Summer.  He  took  a  fancy 
to  Mark,  and  told  him  if  he  would  come  to  New  York 
he  would  get  him  something  to  do.  Mark  was  reported 
to  be  a  good  scholar,  and  he  took  a  certificate  from  the 
select  men  of  the  town  of  Deering,  giving  a  li^t  of  his 
qualifications,  and  their  opinion  of  his  character. 
Armed  with  this,  on  the  17th  of  March,  1824,  he  and 
his  uncle  called  upon  the  Harper  Bros.,  the  well  known 
priming  firm.  It  consisted  then  of  but  two  members, 
James  and  John.  Mark  presented  his  certificate  and 
they  read  it  over  and  laughed  at  it,  and  set  him  at  work 
reading  a  book  on  political  economy.  This  was  his 
examination.  It  proved  satisfactory.  The  Harpers 
then  said  he  could  come  on  trial,  and  if  he  proved 
satisfactory  he  could  be  indentured.  He  went  to  board 
with  John  Harper.  He  stayed  with  them  until  1830, 
and  then  his  health  failed.  They  fitted  him  out  with  a 
lot  of  books  and  sent  him  to  Charleston,  South  Caro- 
lina. He  sold  the  books  and  returned.  In  1832,  he 
started  a  job  office  at  54  Liberty  Street,  New  YorK  city. 
Here  he  found  Horace  Greeley.  As  they  were  re- 
motely related  they  struck  up  a  sort  of  partnership, 
Greeley  canvassed  for  jobs,  and  Aiken  did  the  work, 
and  paid  him  a  commission.  This  continued  until 
1833.  and  then  Aiken  sold  out  his  office.  Greeley  took 
part  of  it,  and  a   man   by   the   name  of  S,  D.  Childs, 


622 


HISTORY   OF   I'EOUIA   COL-NTi'. 


whose  son  is  now  a  wood  engraver  in  Chicago,  bought 
the  other  pan.  Childs  had  married  Mark's  eldest  sis- 
ter. It  was  a  losing  venture  for  Mark  because  Childs 
never  paid.  Then  .\iken  took  a  lot  of  copies  of  a 
medical  work  by  A  Sidney  Doane,  a  professor  in  the 
New  York  Medical  College,  and  started  West.  He 
stopped  at  the  principal  towns  and  sold  the  book.  He 
went  to  Pillsburg.  and  from  there  to  St.  Ix>uis  by 
steamer.  While  running  his  job  office,  he  had  printed 
a  catalogue  for  the  Western  Land  Co.  of  the  Military 
Tract.  III.  He  had  acquired  one  or  two  patents  in  pay- 
ment fur  his  work,  and  so  he  concluded  to  run  up  the 
river  and  see  about  it.  Dr.  Berrien,  an  Episcopal  cler- 
gyman of  the  city  of  New  York,  had  a  large  list  of  land, 
or  a  plat,  that  he  thought  was  located  in  Peoria.  Mark 
was  instructed  to  give  this  to  his  agent,  a  man  by  the 
name  of  Capt.  Howard.  He  took  the  steamer  Cham- 
pion, and  landed  here  the  28th  of  October,  1833.  Here 
he  went  into  the  land  business,  and,  in  1S36,  formed  a 
partnership  with  the  late  Geo.  C.  Bestor.  This  con- 
tinued until  1840.  Since  then  he  has  been  alone.  The 
only  offices  he  has  ever  held  are  school  inspector,  com- 
missioner for  condemning  and  opening  streets,  assessor 
for  two  years  in  1834,  internal  revenue  inspector  for 
two  years,  and  he  is  now  finishing  his  second  term  as  a 
member  of  the  board  of  health.  In  politics  he  has 
always  been  an  anti-slavery  radical.  He  voted  for 
John  Quincy  .\dams  for  President  in  183s,  and  acted 
with  the  .Vbolitionists  until  the  Republican  party  was 
formed.  He  voted  that  ticket  up  to  the  nomination  of 
Horace  Greeley,  when  he  voted  for  Greeley.  Mr. 
Aiken's  mental  abilities  are  still  unimpaired,  fie  has 
always  been  an  earnest  lover  of  liberty,  and  his  benev- 
olence is  known  far  and  wide.  He  gave  the  ground 
on  which  the  First  Methodist  rhurch  stands.  He  and 
Asahel  Hale  owned  it  together.  They  made  a  dona- 
tion of  it  to  the  church.  Mr.  Aiken  is  a  firm  believer 
in  helping  people  help  themselves.  More  than  one 
man  owes  his  success  in  life  to  the  symp.ithy,  wise  coun- 
sel, and  practical  sense  that  Mr.  Aiken  gave  him.  In 
this  respect  he  has  been  emphatically  guide,  counsellor 
and  friend  to  multitudes. 

AMIKRTS  BKX.TAMIX,  saloon,  112  S. 
Washington  street.  Was  born  on  the  17th  day  of  May, 
1839,  in  New  Orleans,  La.  Left  there  in  1842.  went  to 
Cincinnati,  Ohio,  where  he  remained  twenty-two  years, 
from  thence  to  Lexington,  Ky.,  and  remaine<l  two  years, 
thence  to  Terre  Haute,  Ind..  and  remained  nine  years. 
Came  to  Peoria  in  1873.  Married  Josie  Kemper,  Jan. 
31,  1880;  has  been  in  Imsiness  for  himself  in  Peoria 
one  year.     Politics.   Democrat. 

ALBItRCHT  HENRY,  druggist,  in  S. 
Washington  street.  Son  of  Henry  and  Klizabelh 
(Kun<)  Albrechl,  natives  of  Switzerland,  where  the  sub- 


ject of  this  sketch  was  born  (at  Zurich)  on  the  13th  day 
of  December,  1842,  and  received  a  good  education.  In 
1864  came  to  America  and  settled  in  Peoria  ;  embarked 
in  the  grocer)-  business,  but  finding  it  hard  to  get  along 
on  account  of  the  language,  went  into  an  American 
family  and  learned  the  language ;  afterward  embarked 
into  the  drug  business,  which  he  has  made  a  success. 
Carries  a  full  line  drugs,  paints, oils,  lamps,  and  notions 
usually  kept  in  a  first-class  drug  store,  and  is  one  of  the 
largest  retail  dealers  in  the  city.  Married  Miss  Cath- 
erine Sing:  she  was  bom  in  Tazewell  county.  HI..  April 
I,  1844;  they  have  three  children,  Louisa,  Nellie,  and 
Lillie.     Members  of  the  German  M.  E.  Church. 

Alnxan<lerrha».  re«.  211  Blrksl  jlrc"-!. 

Allen  I),  n.  coiiniy  surTi-yur.  r»s.  SOU  S.  Orange  strwt. 

.VLLEX  JOHN,  P.  T.  &  J.  R.  R.  boards   Peoria 

house. 

Allen  Jotin  r.  brlrHlsyer.  6SI  Ilnlliurt  street. 
.Mllsuu  O.  (train  buyer,  res.  1718  .'*.  Adams  jtreeu 

ALLISON  -\LEXANDEK  (deceased), 
carriage  manufacturer,  res.  809  Fayette  street,  was  born 
in  Ontario  county,  N.  Y.,  on  the  17th  day  of  Decem- 
ber, 1825  (was  the  son  of  Joseph  and  Martha  Allison). 
Came  to  Peoria  county  about  1844,  and  engaged  in  the 
blacksmith  business,  and  afterwards  engaged  in  the 
manufacturing  of  carriages  (He  died  Nov.  24.1873). 
W.-IS  a  member  of  the  Universalist  Church,  and  a  con- 
sistent Christian,  and  was  loved  and  respec  ed  by  all 
who  knew  him.  Married  Miss  Caroline  Jeffers,  daugh 
terof  Jesse  and  Jane  JefTers.  Her  mother  coming  to 
this  county  as  early  as  May,  1833.  was  one  of  the  seven 
who  formed  the  first  Presbyterian  Church  in  Peoria,  of 
which  she  was  a  member  until  her  death,  which  occurred 
July  10,  1S52.  There  were  six  children  of  her  mother's 
family,  two  of  whom  are  living.  Mrs.  Theodore  Adams, 
of  Philadelphia,  and  Mrs.  Allison.  Mrs.  A.  says  there 
were  only  five  frame  houses  in  the  city  when  they  firiit 
came,  and  the  prairie  dogs  made  the  nights  hideous 
with  their  howling. 

Allmans  .1.  U.  palmer.  40'^  Mnple  sirvrl. 
AiiderRnn  ('.  M.  re*.  IIO.S,  M<»nror  striH-f. 
AnilorsiMi  II,  O.  .saw)  IT,  ri-».  410  Mo«»«lreM. 

.VNOEKSON  tJ.   F.  house  raiser,  no  S.  Monroe 

street. 
Arlirrn  r.  Inker.  Sg.t  Main  slreH. 

AKCHCIIAFT  &  Hl'lirF,  produce  dealers. 

Arplii1»le  Anirlln.  rr«    M.^vrril  near  I'ope  «lreet. 
ArciHl*  II    I-  rrs.  HOT  Slllli  »llrrl. 
Arrniln  II.  Inli.ircr.  .SOI  iloorKe  «lrei'l 
Arrnilii  J.  (i.  KriKor.  r.'13  S    Aa.ini»  sircol. 

.VKMFIELI>  .lOSKIMI.  teaming,  133  M»iB 
street,  was  Iwrn  in  iluilington.  Iowa.  April  3,  1846. 
His  father  was  a  native  of  North  Carolina.  He  was 
raised,  attended  school,  and  afterwards  engaged  in  team- 
ing business  in  his  native  city,  coming  to  Peoria  in  J86a. 
On  coming,  he  started  his  present  business,  ai  d  has  con- 
tinued it  without  a  break  ;    has  four   teams  constantly 


PEORIA  CITY   DIRECTORY. 


623 


employeil,  and  does  the  largest  express  business  in  the 

city.   He  married  in  Quincy,  111.,  in  the  Winter  of  i866_ 

Sarah   Layman,  a  native  of  Quincy,  by  whom  he  has 

had   live  children,   four   now  alive,   Mary.  Susan,  Ida. 

and  Frank.     Mrs.  Armfield  is  a  member  of  the  M.  E. 

Church. 

ArnlioUtGeo.  teamster,  re.s,  1518  S.  Wasliliigtoii  street. 
Aniholtt  Henry,  laborer,  re.s.  1506  S.  Adams  street. 

ARNOLD  Dr.  JOHN  D.  (deceased),  was 
born  in  the  town  of  Collins,  in  the  State  of  New  York. 
June  8,  1820;  studied  medicine  at  Buffalo,  N.  Y.;  at- 
tended for  a  considerable  time  the  New  York  College 
of  Surgeons,  and  finally  graduated  at  Alleghany  Medi- 
cal College  at  Meadville,  Pa.  He  commenced  the 
practice  of  medicine  at  Springville,  N.  Y.,  with  Dr. 
Emmons.  In  the  Spring  of  1847  he  emigrated  to  Gal- 
veston, Texas,  remaining  there  but  one  year,  when  he 
removed  to  Peoria  and  resumed  the  practice  of  medi- 
cine, soon  establishing  an  extensive  and  lucrative  prac- 
tice. In  1854  the  Doctor  was  elected  to  the  State  Sen- 
ate, where  he  served  four  years  with  general  acceptance 
to  his  constituency.  In  1859  ^^  ""^^  elected  mayor  of 
this  city,  and  served  for  one  year,  his  administration  of 
public  affairs  always  being  conservative  and  prudent, 
with  enough  of  energy  to  keep  matters  moving.  In 
1861  he  was  appointed  consul  to  St.  Petersburg  by 
President  Lincoln,  leaving  for  his  post  in  May  of  that 
year.  His  close  application  to  his  profession  had  im- 
paired his  health,  and  made  great  encroachments  upon 
his  vigorous  constitution.  The  rigorous  climate  of  St. 
Petersburg  proved  too  severe  for  his  health,  and  after 
close  confinement  to  his  apartments  during  the  severity 
of  a  Russian  Winter,  he  recovered  sufficiently  to  return 
home  in  the  Spring  of  1862  in  very  feeble  health,  was 
very  soon  confined  to  his  bed,  and  after  a  lingering  ill- 
ness of  some  three  months,  died  in  April,  1863.  In 
politics  the  Doctor  was  a  Whig,  and  when  the  Whig 
party  went  down  he  joined  his  political  fortunes  with 
the  Republicans.  He  was  of  a  lively  social  turn  of 
mind,  and  enjoyed  the  friendship,  esteem,  and  confi- 
dence of  all  with  whom  he  came  in  contact.  He  was 
a  man  of  quick  perception,  great  energy  and  persever- 
ence. 

Arctiur  M.  city  express,  res.  714  Hale  street. 

Atwood  A.  United  States  storeki'eper,  res.  1109  N..\dams  street. 

ASH  FRANK  W.  sign  writer  and  painter,  res. 
2og  N.  Adams  street,  is  the  oldest  of  three  children  of 
Horace  F.  Ash  and  Nancy  Garrett,  and  was  born  in 
Springfield,  111.,  on  July  14,  1844.  His  mother  died 
when  he  was  but  four  years  old,  and  he  lived  chiefly 
with  his  grandfather  Garrett  during  childhood  and 
youth  ;  came  to  Peoria  first  with  his  uncle  Auren  Gar- 
rett in  1854,  whose  father  was  a  very  early  settler  in 
Peoria  county.  Soon  after  the  first  call  for  troops  he 
enlisted  in  the  8th  111.  Inf..  but  being  a  minor  his 
grandfather  secured  his   discharge  at  the  end  of  three 


months.  In  the  Fall  of  1 802  he  again  enlisted  in  Co. 
A,  77th  Reg.,  I.  V.  I.,  and  served  till  the  close  of  the 
war;  was  discharged  in  July,  1865.  He  participated 
in  some  ten  battles  under  Gen.  Grant.  Attended 
school  one  term  after  returning  home,  then  went 
into  the  painting  business.  On  Nov.  10,  1872,  mar- 
ried Alice  Doyle,  in  Pekin,  who  was  born  in  Louis- 
ville, Ky. ;  settled  for  six  months  in  Bloominglon, 
III.,  Ihence  removed  to  Pekin  for  a  short  time,  and 
came  to  Peoria  in  April,  1S74.  Their  family  consists 
of  two  sons,  Frank  .Martin,  born  Nov.  10,  1873,  and 
Augustus  Auren,  born  Sept.  10,  1875.  Mr.  A.'s  father 
was  a  man  of  extraordinary  mental  powers,  and  though 
dependent  entirely  upon  his  own  efforts,  attained  to  the 
position  of  treasurer  of  the  State  of  Illinois  ;  and  was, 
at  the  time  of  his  son's  birth,  filling  the  office  of  assist- 
ant auditor  of  State. 

ATWOOD  W.  W.  superintendent  of  th.- 
Grange  Co-operative  store,  229  S.  Washington  street, 
son  of  Hiram  and  Aurilla  (Douglass)  Atwood  ;  mother 
a  native  of  Connecticut,  and  father  of  Vermont.  In 
iSlg  father  went  to  McComb  county,  Michigan,  where 
the  subject  of  this  sketch  was  born  on  the  loth  day  of  ^ 
.^pril,  1S36  ;  was  reared  on  a  farm  and  received  a  com- 
mon school  education,  also  attended  commercial  school 
one  term,  which  gave  him  a  fair  knowledge  of  business. 
Came  to  Peoria  county  in  1855.  and  immediately  com- 
menced manufacturing  bottled  beer,  or  pop,  and  con- 
tinued in  the  same  for  five  years.  Afterwards  com- 
menced the  boot  and  shoe  trade  and  carried  that  on 
three  years.  Thence  on  a  farm  eight  miles  from  Peoria 
on  the  Knoxvilleroad,  and  in  1878  came  to  Peoria  and 
took  charge  of  the  grange  store.  Married  Miss  Margaret 
Frye,  daughter  of  Smith  Frye,  one  of  the  prominent 
men  in  the  county.  She  was  born  in  this  county  March 
21,  1839.  The  fruit  of  this  marriage  is  ten  cnildren, 
viz. :  Charles,  George.  Mary,  Smith,  Willie,  Douglass, 
Henry,  Percy,  Aurilla,  and  Phceba. 
.\uker  A.  res.  1231  N.  .Monroe  street. 

AUMER  JOHN,  grocer,  S23  N.  Monroe 
street,  was  born  Feb.  16,  1830,  in  Germany ;  emi- 
grated to  the  United  States  in  1855,  and  located  in 
Baltimore,  where  he  remained  three  years  ;  thence  to 
Chicago,  111.,  and  remained  a  short  time;  thence  to 
Peoria  and  worked  at  the  baker  business  ;  engaged  in 
the  grocery  business  in  1870.  In  185S  married  Miss 
Mary  Miller,  by  whom  there  are  two  children,  one  boy 
and  one  girl.  They  are  both  members  of  the  Catholic 
Church.  They  have  succeeded  in  business  and  have 
several  fine  houses  and  lots. 
Austin  L.  Mrs.  805  Oak  street. 

AVERY  OILMAN  W.  furniture  manu- 
facturer and  dealer,  Nos.  114,  116.  118  and  120  Main 
street,  was  born  in  Greenfield,  N.  IL,  March  14, 
1835.   Parents  were  Amos  and  Lydia  Avery,  nee  Evans, 


624 


HISTORY   OF   PEORIA   COUNTY. 


both  natives  of  thai  Slate.  .Mr.  A.  is  the  sixth  of  a 
family  of  six  sons  and  four  ilaughters  :  was  educated  in 
the  common  scho  >ls  and  at  Kimball  academy,  Meriden, 
N.  }i.;  went  to  Missouri  when  twenty  years  old  .ind 
engaged  in  teaching ;  after  earning  some  money  re- 
turned to  New  Hampshire  and  attended  school  for  a 
time,  then  went  hack  to  Missouri  and  taught  school,  in 
all  three  years.  January  l8,  i860,  he  married  Fllen 
Haywood  in  Jaffrey,  N.  H.,  and  came  West  ;  engaged 
in  general  merchandising,  including  furniture,  in  Leb- 
anon, Mo.,  in  August,  1861  ;  left  there  in  1862  to 
escape  violence  at  the  hands  of  the  rebels,  and  came  to 
Illinois,  losing  their  entire  property  of  nearly  $15,000 
value.  After  two  years  spent  in  same  business  elsewhere, 
settled  in  I'eoria  in  1864,  and  forming  a  partnership 
with  F.  J.  Comstock,  established  the  present  business  on 
a  limited  scale,  which  has  grown  to  large  and  increas- 
ing dimensions  under  his  judicious  and  energetic  in.in- 
agemenl.  His  marital  union  has  resulted  in  three 
children,  two  living,  Frank  E  ,  born  July  2i,  1861,  and 
Fred  H.  born  .\ug.  I,  1873  ;  (Jranville  died  at  five  years 
of  age.  Mr.  A.  having  started  in  life  with  no  cash 
capital,  and  once  lost  the  results  of  several  ycar>'  labor, 
his  years  have  been  full  of  struggle  and  hard  work,  but 
have  yielded  flattering  results,  due  largely  to  close  at- 
tention to  details,  and  the  assistance  of  a  true  helpmate, 
who,  with  a  fine  education,  combined  diligence  in 
business.  Mr.  A.  has  served  the  city  in  the  Roard  of 
Alderman.  Himself  and  wife  are  members  of  the 
Baptist   Church. 

yVXMAN  &  S.VLZKXSTKIX,  hides,  pelts, 
wool  and  furs,  III  Main  street.  This  business  was 
started  under  present  firm  name  in  1873,  and  was  con- 
tinued till  1876,  when  for  about  one  and  a  half  years 
it  was  conducted  by  Mr.  Michael  Salzenstein  individu- 
ally, till  May,  1878,  when  his  former  p.irtner  again 
came  into  the  firm.  Hides  and  wool  are  their  |irincipal 
articles  of  trade.  Buying  from  farmers  and  country 
dealers,  they  cure  the  hides  and  ship  them  to  Chicago. 
Cincinnati,  Hartford,  Conn.,  and  New  York.  The 
basement  of  iheir  building  is  used  for  curing  purposes, 
at  which  they  employ  from  two  to  six  men,  since  they 
do  much  the  largest  hide  business  in  the  city  Also 
have  in  lower  Peoria  a  grease  manufactory,  where  they 
make  for  export  a  fine  quality  of  grease.  Of  this  they 
make  about  a  car  load  a  week.  Also  handle  consider- 
able tallow.  Last  year's  business  amounted  to  about 
$90,000. 

Ajriwarii  TIiM.  J.  m.  MrKoynolds.  I  n.  Heeonil  •trerl. 

Ain»r  rhilllp.  rnninilnpiloii. 

Ilal>ri>rk  H.  rm.  41AHmllh  ■trxi't. 

iUroii  I'hM.  K.  frwl  tttnltlr  ror,  T«ff  tUtX  Kllttnn  KtrrrtJI. 

lUriiii  riiu.  F.  tiiKuraiirp.  rrq.  :)ii7  N.  Mnillion  iilrr<«l. 

n.VII.KV  HKUNAItl),  justice  of  the  peace. 
110^  N.  Adams  -.tieet,  was  bom  in  H'jward  county, 
Md.,  March  36,  1812,  and  it  the  son  of  Vincent  and 
.Susanna   (llarnard)   Bailey,  natives  of  Chester  county, 


Pa.  He  left  his  native  county  in  1S29  with  his  parents, 
and  coming  to  St.  Louis  staved  there  a  few  months,  and 
then  came  on  to  Illinois  and  settled  in  Taiewell  county. 
He  taught  school  there  for  some  time  and  worked  at 
an  ox  mill  which  his  father  and  brother  had  built.  He 
then  moved  to  Pekin,  where,  for  the  next  two  or  three 
years,  he  worked  at  the  grocery  business,  and  afterwards 
at  wagon  making  for  a  little  over  a  year,  saving  up,  by 
rigid  economy,  about  $500,  and  by  its  aid  read  law 
with  his  l)rother  for  two  years  ;  taught  school  in  Sand 
Prairie  township  for  six  months,  and  thence  removed  to 
Mercer  county.  111.,  where  he  practiced  law  for  one 
year,  having  been  admitted  to  the  bar  at  .Springfield  in 
1840.  He  married  in  January,  1841,  at  .Millersburg,  in 
the  last  named  county,  .Miss  .Arabella  Gilmore,  a  Creole 
and  native  of  Louisiana,  and  removed  to  that  State,  en- 
gaged in  sugar  and  cotton  planting  in  the  paiish  of 
East  Baton  Rouge  until  1S48,  when  he  returned  to 
Pekin,  III.  He  was  elected  mayor  of  that  city  in  the 
years  1849  and  1S50,  and  was  the  first  loholdtlie  office. 
He  bought  out  the  Taztiftll  Mirror,  and  after  con- 
ducting it  for  about  six  ir.onthi,  disposed  of  it  and  in  1852 
cime  to  Peoria  and  purchased  an  interest  in  the  Pforin 
Rfpuhlican,  in  the  publication  of  which  he  wasa'sncialed 
with  Thos.  J.  Pickett.  Disagreeing  shortly  afterwards 
on  a  matter  of  politics,  he  disposed  of  his  interest  and 
devoted  himself  for  about  a  year  to  the  business  of 
insurance  agent,  and  then  engaged  in  the  boot  and  shoe 
business,  in  which  he  remained  until  1856,  when  he  was 
elected  justice  of  the  peace,  and  has  held  the  office, 
with  the  exception  of  about  one  and  a  half  years,  ever 
since.  He  is  the  oldest  acting  justice  in  Peoria.  He 
has  held  the  olfice  of  city  and  township  collector  for 
one  term  each.  The  fruits  of  his  marriage  were  eleven 
children,  only  four  of  whom  ate  lunv  alive,  May,  Sam- 
uel P.,  Bernard  and  Fllie. 

II.1RK11  Jittin.  vt'torliiary  iiii'-fi***iii  21^  Kiillon  s(m>l. 
Hallry  A.  J.  rral  fKlatt*.  xc%.  531  KnniTlllf  road. 

BAKKIt  (JEOltOK  W.  attorney  at  law, 
112  N.  .\danis  direct,  was  botn  in  Lowell,  Mass.,  May 
29,  1840,  and  is  the  son  of  .Samuel  R.  and  Mary  B. 
(Carr)  Baker.  His  father  was  a  native  of  .Massachu- 
setts and  his  mother  of  New  Hampshire.  He  was 
raised  and  educated  in  his  native  State  and  came  to 
Peoria  county  March  26,  1S56.  In  May,  l86l,  he  en- 
listed in  Co.  K,  8th  Mo.  Vol.  Inf.,  Col.  Moigan  l„ 
Smith  commanding,  as  private,  and  was  commissioned 
2d  Lieutenant  July  9.  1861,  and  was  pronioteti  Isl 
Lieutenant  May,  l9f)2  ;  was  mustered  out  July  8,  1864. 
He  then  raised  in  Peoria,  Co.  I,  in  I46ih  III.  Inf., 
and  was  commissioned  its  Captain.  While  with  hit 
first  regiment  he  took  part  in  seventeen  engagements, 
besides  many  skirmishes,  and  in  the  latter  one  did 
duty  in  Illinois  most  of  the  time;  was  one  of  the  offi- 
cers  detailed  to   act   as  guard   of  honor  at   President 


CHARLES    BALLANCE, 

(DECEASED  ) 

PEORJA. 


PEORIA   CITY   DIRECTORY. 


625 


Lincoln's  burial  at  Spi  ingfiekl,  and  was  finally  mustered 
out  of  the  service  July  8,  1S65,  and,  returning  to  Pen  ia. 
commenced  the  study  of  law  with  Hon.  W.  W.  O'Brien, 
and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  January  iS,  1870,  since 
when  he  has  continued  to  practice  in  Peoria.  He  mar- 
ried in  February,  1S73,  ^I'ss  Juliette  A.  Edgecombe,  a 
native  of  Ottawa,  111.,  by  whom  he  has  had  four  chil- 
dren, two  now  alive,  George  W.  and  Leon  H.  His 
father  died  in  1855,  and  his  mother  is  still  alive  and 
resides  with  him.  Has  been  secretary  of  Peoria  Shoot- 
ing Club  for  three  years;,  and  for  one  year  secretary  of 
Illinois  State  Sportmans'  Association  ;  has  always  taken 
a  strong  interest  in  matters  connected  with  field  sports. 
In  politics  is  a  red-hot  Democrat. 
Batier  Henry  G.  grocer  821  W.  Jefferson  street. 
BAKER    H.    boots  and  shoes. 

Baker  Peter,  rierk  1021  S.  Washinprton  street. 
Baker  .Sanil.  11.  route  agent,  res.  113  Seventh  street. 

B.\L,LANCE  CHARLES  (deceased),  at- 
torney at  law,  settled  in  the  village  of  Peoria  in  1S31, 
being  one  of  the  three  first  lawyers  in  the  place.  He 
descended  from  an  ancient  family  of  Durham,  England, 
but  his  ancestors  immigrated  to  Virginia  over  two  cen- 
turies ago.  His  grandfather,  Charles  Ballance,  was 
killed  in  the  war  of  the  revolution.  Willis  Ballance,  the 
father  of  the  subject  of  this  sketch,  married  Miss  Rejoice 
Greene,  of  Virginia.  Charles  was  born  in  Madison  county, 
Ky.,  Nov.  10,  1800;  his  educational  opportunities  were 
limited  to  the  common  schools  and  his  individual  efforts, 
taught  several  Winters  to  defray  current  expenses  while 
pursuing  his  studies.  To  his  innate  desire  for  knowl- 
edge were  supplemented  an  indomitable  will  and 
splendid  memory,  which  soon  gave  him  a  well  stored 
mind.  He  spent  about  thirty  years  of  the  prime  of  his 
life  in  the  "  French  claims  "  legal  controversy  which  so 
perplexed  and  harassed  the  early  American  settlers  of 
Peoria.  He  seemed  to  be  the  only  attorney  who  pos- 
sessed the  faith  and  courage  to  battle  in  behalf  of  the 
early  settlers  against  those  old  claims.  But  he  fought 
to  the  bitter  end,  carrying  the  matter  from  one  court  to 
another,  until  he  won  a  final  triumph  and  forever  si- 
lencing the  last  French  claimant  and  leaving  the  rightful 
owners  in  peaceful  possession  of  their  property.  Mr. 
Ballance  had  in  early  times  purchased  a  large  tract  of 
land  in  the  lower  end  of  the  city  where  .some  of  those 
trench  claims  rested,  and  the  successful  results  of  his 
litigations  forever  removed  the  incubus  from  hi.s, 
as  well  as  his  neighbors',  lands.  Those  contests 
gave  him  a  knowledge  of  the  laws  bearing  upon  real 
estate,  which  rendered  him  famous  as  a  land  title  law- 
yer. In  addition  to  his  extensive  legal  labors,  Mr.  B. 
found  time  to  prepare  and  publish  a  history  of  Peoria 
in  1870,  a  book  of  270  pages,  which  was  the  last  work 
of  his  life.  He  was  elected  alderman  from  the  1st 
ward  in  1852,  and  mayor  of  the  city  in  1855.     Mr.   B. 


married  Julia   Schnebley,  of  Peoria,  in  l8;5,  who  bore 

him  ten  children,  living.     He  died  on  August  10, 

1S72,   leaving  an  extensive   estate,  chiefly  lying  in  the 

lower  end  of  the  city,  and  much  of  it  is  now  occupied 

by  the  large  manufactories  in  that  quarter. 

Ballanre  Charles,  stone  dealer,  res.  615  N.  Madison  street. 
Baklwiii  E.  carpenter.  .Tacksun  street. 

BALLARD  WILLIAM  H.,  lumber  mer- 
chant, corner  Washington  and  Fayette  streets,  is  the 
pioneer  now  in  that  branch  of  trade  in  Peoria,  hwing 
been  engaged  in  it  since  1849.  ^''''  ^-  ^^s  born  in 
1819,  in  the  city  of  .St.  Louis,  his  father,  James  H.  Bal- 
lard, being  then  stationed  there  as  a  lieutenant  in  the 
regular  army,  in  which  service  he  died  in  1822,  at  St. 
.•\ugustine.  His  widow,  formerly  Miss  Maria  C.  Dar- 
ling, married  again,  when  William  H.  was  nineteen 
years  old,  and  died  three  years  after.  Mr.  B.  lived 
chiefly  with  his  grandfather  in  New  Hampshire,  until 
he  attained  his  majority;  spent  one  Winter  in  Florida; 
thence  came  to  Peoria  in  1S48.  In  January,  1857.  he 
married  Ermina  Trusdale,  in  Peoria,  a  native  of  Ohio 
Less  than  two  years  after  she  died,  leaving  a  daughter, 
Mina.  Mr.  Ballard  married  again  in  the  Fall  of  1862, 
to  Anna  Wentworth,  born  in  New  Hampshire,  left  an 
orphan  in  infancy,  and  brought  up  and  educated  by 
Judge  J.  .Smith,  of  that  State.  Three  living  children 
are  the  fruit  of  the  second  marriage,  Helen  M.,  Charles 
R.,  and  Edward  B.  Mr.  Ballard  steadily  devoted  his 
attention  for  thirty-one  years  to  the  lumber  trade,  and 
has  been  fairly  prosperous ;  owns  several  pieces  of  pro- 
perty in  the  city,  and  the  annual  sales  from  the  yard 
reach  a  million  feet. 

BANNISTER  JAMES,  proprietor  Fort  Clark 
elevator,  foot  Harrison  street. 

Barcley  W.  teamster.  608  Perry  street. 
Barfield  Wni.  carpeiifer.  res.  IJlulf  street. 
Bartield  W.  E.  mason,  res.  409  Sixth  street. 

BARNES  &  BALDWIN,  editors  of  Peoria 

BARNEWOLT  ADOLPH,  grocer,  701 
Plank  road,  was  born  on  the  first  day  of  August,  1843, 
in  Hanover,  Germany,  and  emigrated  to  the  United 
States  in  1856 ;  located  in  Peoria.  Married  Miss  Mary 
E.  Mitchel,  Nov.  20,  1865,  a  native  of  Pennsylvania, 
came  to  Peoria  in  1861.  They  were  blessed  with  five 
children,  two  boys  and  three  girls  living:  Henry,  born 
May  31,  1869;  Catherine,  born  Aug.  20,  1871  ;  Eliza- 
beth, born  July  iq,  1S69,  and  Myron  and  May  (twins), 
born  July  21,  1S76.  One  died  in  infancy.  Mr.  B.  is  a 
member  of  the  order  of  Druids,  I.  O.  O.  F.  and  Knights 
of  Honor.  Politics,  Democrat. 
Barker  G.  T.  distiller,  res.  422  N.  Adams  street. 

BARRETT  JOHN,  retired  mechanic,  res.  103 
Greenleaf  street,  was  born  in  Hampshire  county,  Va., 
June  10,  1812;  is  the  son  of  Nathan  and  Sarah  J. 
(Unglesbe)   Barrett.      When    seventeen   years    of  age. 


626 


HISTORY   OF   I'EUKIA   COUNTY. 


he  went  lo  Clark  county,  Ohio,  where  he  learned  the 
carpenler  trade;  married  Isabel  Mackeniire,  when 
twenty-one  years  old.  and  settled  there.  Mrs.  B.irrett 
died  about  twelve  years  after  their  marriage,  having 
been  the  mother  of  five  children,  none  of  whom  are 
living.  Mr.  B.  came  to  Peoria  in  1850;  pursued  his 
trade  till  disabled  by  a  stroke  of  palsy  in  ,lS68.  In 
August,  1851.  he  married  Lydia  Oakley  nte  Dewey,  a 
native  of  Pennsylvania,  but  has  been  a  resident  of 
Peoria  county  forty-six  years.  They  have  one  child, 
now  Mrs.  Caroline  Schupp,  of  Peoria.  Mrs.  B.  has  two 
children  by  her  first  husband.  Obediah  Oakley  (de- 
ceased) .Mrs.  .Sarah  Roberts  and  Obediah  Oakley.  She 
has  lived  in  their  homestead  thirty-three  years;  settled 
there  when  they  crossed  a  cornfield  to  get  to  the  house. 
Barron  Joliii.  res.  206  Crflar  street. 

BARRON  JOHN,  maltster  and  grain  commis- 
sion merchant.  420  S.  Water  street,  was  bom  in  Kil- 
kenny county,  Ireland,  and  came  to  .\merica  alone  in 
1850,  landing  at  New  York,  !  ec.  4,  of  that  year.  The 
next  four  years  he  spent  in  New  York  and  Philadelphia, 
and  came  to  Illinoii  ii  1854  ;  was  railroad  boss  on 
C,  B.  &  O.  K,  R.,  between  Peoria  and  Hannibal,  for 
about  five  years,  and  afterwards  moved  to  Peoria  city, 
where  he  has  since  resided,  lie  began  dealing  in  grain 
in  August,  1864.  and  the  manufacture  of  malt  in  1869. 
Also  began  to  manufacture  brick  in  the  latter  year,  and 
still  runs  a  brick  yard  on  Elizabeth  street.  Me  turns 
out  from  his  malt  house  36.000  bushels  a  year.  Mr. 
Barron  also  owns  a  large  saloon  on  S.  Washington 
street.  He  owns  several  houses  and  lots  in  the  city,  and 
is  a  member  of  the  Catholic  Church. 
BARTIIIvL  D.  grocer,  iioo  N.Adams  street. 

Bartell  Y.  sloiiertmer.  !J21  Johntton  street. 
lUrtlrlt  V.  <•.  KJiiRer.  lug  .S.  Monroe  street. 
MaAselt  >\.  M.  Attorni*)-.  rri.  (i*.il  N.  Monroe  street. 
Ilailow  .1.  1>.  ilruKKlsl.  ll.i'l  .s.  Ad.'xins  strcil. 
Itaxter  .lames,  stori-ki'eptT.  1  :u  I  I'erry  slrt*et. 
lleaviTli    W.  Ul.or.r.  1 19  Apl'l'' "Ireel. 

BIOCKICK  ALHKRT,  saloon.  211  Brolherslon 
street. 

liECKKK  IIICNRY  G.  grocer.  821  W.  Jeffer- 
son street,  was  born  .March  18,  1834,  in  Hanover,  Ger- 
many; came  to  America  in  1857,  and  landed  in  New 
Orleans,  where  he  worked  as  a  laborer  a  short  time  ; 
came  lo  Peoria  the  same  year.  Was  married  to  Ange- 
line  .Springer,  on  the  1st  of  December,  1S57.  They 
have  eight  children,  six  boys  and  two  ,;irls.  Mr.  B.  car- 
ries on  huxtcring  in  connection  with  his  grocery  busi- 
ness   The  f.imily  .ire  members  of  the  Lutheran  Church. 

Itl'X'KKK  .JOHN  P.  manufacturer  of  tin  ware. 
1404  .Main  street,  was  born  on  the  I2ih  day  of  January. 
1847.  in  llaltimure.  Md..  where  he  remained  but  a  short 
time,  when  he  came  to  Peoria  in  the  same  year.  I  lis 
father  was  a  native  of  (jermany,  who  came  to  the  United 
States  when  a  buy.  Married  Miss  .Mary  A.  Trumner, 
on  the  3d  day  of  April,  1873  :  she  wai  born  in  Illinois, 


in  1847.     They  have  three  children,  two  boys  and  one 

girl.     Is  a  member  of  the  Independent  Order  of  Mutual 

Aid.     In  politics  a  Democrat.     He  worked  as  a  tinner 

since  1865,  until  he  commenced  his  present  business. 

Beeker  John  P.  Inliorrr.  rps   IISS.  Oranice  slr««t. 
Becker  William.  ixMik-kreiwr.  606  S.  Water  street. 
Behreiids  F.  cooper.  2U5  Llsk  slrrel. 

BELCHER  JOHN  H.  monument  and  tomb- 
stone manufacturer,  213  S.  Madison  street,  was  born 
near  Boston.  Mass..  in  162S ;  is  one  of  five  children  of 
Abner  Belcher  and  Malansa  .Mexander.  natives  of  that 
State  ;  father  born  in  same  house.  Having  spent  his 
early  life  there  on  a  farm.  Mr.  B.  went  to  New  York 
and  spent  two  years  —  1S53-54  —  in  lumber  trade,  dur- 
ing  which  he  lost  $5,000  through  the  dishonesty  of 
partners;  came  to  Peoria  on  December  21,  1855  ;  be- 
gan the  marble  business  the  following  Spring,  on  the 
loth  of  March.  He  formed  a  partnership  with  Otto 
Triebel,  and  conducted  the  business  twelve  years  under 
the  firm  name  of  Triebel  &  Belcher;  since  186S  has 
carried  it  on  alone.  He  makes  a  specialty  of  fine  mon- 
umental work  for  both  local  and  foreign  trade,  and  has 
enjoyed  a  heavy  business.  Mr.  B.  married  in  Peoria 
in  1866  to  Maria  B.  Wetherell,  a  native  of  Massachu- 
setts ;  have  one  son  living,  Harry  O.,  have  lost  one  son 
and  two  daughters.  Owns  a  homestead  at  209  Second 
street. 

Beike  M.  C.  clerk  |iost-omre.  res.  720  Fourth  street. 
Hi'lke  W.  K.  primer.  1211  Fourth  slreeU 
Bill  .\.  J.  allorne).  .125  Main  slrect. 

BENDER  AMELIA,  res.  603  N.  Jefferson 
street.  Was  born  on  the  igih  day  of  Nos-embet,  1832, 
in  Austria.  Emigrated  to  ihe  L'nited  States  in  1849 
and  located  in  the  city  of  Peoria.  Was  married  to 
Phillip  Bender  April  25,  1852  in  this  city  ;  was  a  na- 
tive of  Bavari.!,  and  came  to  this  country  in  1835  and 
engaged  in  the  saddlery  business.  Was  elected  to  the 
office  of  city  treasurer  some  time  prior  lo  the  war.  Wai 
mayor  of  the  city  in  1 867  and  served  a  term  of  one  year, 
and  at  the  time  of  his  death  was  city  treasurer.  Mr. 
B.  died  July  25  1876.  was  a  member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F., 
and  was  buried  by  that  Order.  Mrs,  Bender  was  living 
on  the  homestead  where  he  was  married,  and  has  at 
home  with  her  five  children  —  four  girls  and  one  boy. 

ItENOER  LEOPOLD,  watchman  Fay'tmalt 

house.  N.  Adams  street. 

Beiiitan  Daniel,  Macksnilth.  SI*  Walnut  street. 

Itengrn  Henry,  caipenler.  4tli*  SecontI  street, 

Benr«mln  C.  M.  Mrs   les   1122  Ivrry  sireel. 

Ilennrll  11    «•  clerk,  107  Kills  slrecl 

lletincll  Jalnrs,  hariic  s»  nukli'U.  1206  .K   Ailains  street, 

B'*nnc't  Sot   riothltifi.  2nl  A  20:t  s    Ailauis  street. 

Ilenticll  W    l>    res    lOlO.lrllrniiin  •trrrl 

llenslc\  N    K..  V    S.  Kannrr.  res.  722  N    Adams  street. 

Belli, >ii  Ira  K   > K   Vi  ii'i-r,  710  Main  slreel. 

Ilentoii  M    K    I  •"  «ireet. 

Ilrman  Win    i  lent  slreet. 

Brrnill  M.  r»i,  1 1 1  lliilliurl  slreet. 

Berry  lleiir).  k.«> '•'"'• .  '•"!  Arnistrniig  avenue. 

BE.SS  V.  B.  Rev.,  paslor  Cerman  Lutheran 
Chuich,  res.  corner  First  and  (ioodwin  streets,  was 
born  in  Germany  November  21,  1850.  and  is  the  son  of 


PEORIA  CITY   DIRECTORY. 


627 


Bernhaid  and  Matilda  (von  Bodenhausen)  Bess.  His 
father  is  a  minister  of  the  Lutheran  Church  in  Ger- 
many. Mr.  Bess  came  to  America  in  July,  1875,  and 
settling  in  Mendota,  111.,  studied  for  some  time  in  the 
theological  seminary  there,  coming  to  Peoria  in  1877, 
where  he  began  his  ministerial  labors  and  has  since 
continued  them  with  much  acceptance.  He  married, 
September  22,  1S79,  Miss  Elizabeth  Breul,  a  native  of 
Germany.  Mr.  Bess  is  a  gentleman  of  culture  and  an 
earnest  laborer  in  the  cause  of  his  Master.  He  is 
greatly  beloved  and  respected  by  his  parishioners. 

BESTOR  HON.  GEORGE  C.  (deceased) 
who  has  for  many  years  been  a  prominent  citizen  and 
business  man  of  Peoria,  was  born  in  Washington,  D.  C. 
April  16,  iSii;  his  father,  Harvey  Bestor,  having  re- 
moved from  Massachusetts  and  settled  there  in  an  early 
day.  and  served  as  assistant  post  master  general  under 
Hon.  Francis  Granger.  At  the  age  of  sixteen,  George 
was  appointed  assistant  document  clerk  in  the  House 
of  Representatives,  which  position  he  filled  eight  years. 
In  1S35,  on  August  3,  he  settled  in  Peoria,  where  he 
engaged  many  years  in  the  real  estate  business  and  ac- 
quired quite  a  large  property.  For  the  first  five  years, 
being  in  partnership  with  Mark  M.  Aiken,  they  pre- 
pared an  abstract  of  Pike  county,  a  voluminous  work. 
Tn  1837  he  was  elected  trustee  of  the  town  of  Peoria, 
and  served  two  terms.  On  April  4,  1S42,  was  appointed 
postmaster,  under  President  Tyler,  and  again  in  March 
1861  by  President  Lincoln  ;  was  elected  police  justice 
in  1843,  and  was  three  times  elected  mayor  of  Peoria  ; 
was  for  a  number  of  years  financial  agent  of  the  Peoria 
and  Oquawka  Railroad,  and  afterwards  president  of  the 
company,  and  during  the  time  extricated  it  from  its 
financial  difficulties.  Was  a  director  of  the  Toledo, 
Peoria  and  Warsaw  Railroad  at  the  time  of  his  death. 
Mr.  B.  was  first  a  Whig  and  later  Republican  in  poli- 
tics; in  1858  was  elected  to  the  State  Senate  against  a 
Democratic  majority.  During  the  four  years  he  served 
in  that  body  he  acted  as  a  member  of  numerous  com- 
mittees, and  was  chairman  of  the  committee  on  internal 
navigation.  Mr.  Bestor  was  extensively  known  and 
highly  esteemed  as  a  citizen,  for  rare  social  qualities 
and  open  handed  charity.  He,  in  company  with  his 
son  George  L.,  built  two  gun-boats  for  the  government, 
the  "Ozark"  and  the  monitor  "Shiloh"  in  St.  Louis, 
for  which  they  experienced  some  difficulty  in  getting 
their  pay,  and  while  prosecuting  their  claim  in  Wash- 
ington, he  died  at  the  National  Hotel,  May  14,  1S72. 
He  was  first  married  in  Baltimore  October  20,  1835  to 
Mary  J.  Thomas;  and  again  September  13,  1848  to 
Sarah  E.  Thomas,  sister  to  his  former  wife  ;  the  latter 
survived  him  nearly  four  years.  Mr.  B.  left  eight 
children,  four  by  each  marriage. 

BESTOR  GEORGE  L.  (deceased,)  attorney- 
at-law,   was  born  in  Peoria,  June  10,  1837;    was  the 


eldest  son  of  Hon.  George  C.  and  Mary  J.  Bestor,  «« 
Thomas.  Was  educated  in  the  city  schools,  and  com- 
pleted a  course  at  Jubilee  College,  in  its  palmy  days. 
He  entered  his  father's  real  estate  office  when  fifteen 
years  old  ;  for  five  years  was  topographical  engineer  of 
the  Peoria  &  Oquawka,  "  Eastern  Extension,"  and 
Tomka  &  Petersburg  railroads.  He  then  read  law  with 
Robert  and  E.  C.  IngersoU  ;  was  admitted  to  the  Bar 
through  the  recommendation  of  Judge  Beckwith  and 
Hon.  Pitt  Kellogg,  the  examining  committee.  Mr. 
Bestor  served  two  years  in  the  late  war  in  the  7th  III. 
Cavalry,  Col.  Pitt  Kellogg  commanding.  Upon  retiring 
from  the  army  he  went  to  St.  Louis  and  with  his  father 
engaged  in  building  gunboats  for  the  Government, 
until  1S65,  after  which  he  spent  five  years  in  Washing- 
ton City  prosecuting  their  claim  of  $125,000  for  their 
work;  finally  succeeded  in  getting  a  bill  through  Con- 
gress granting  the  claim,  and  received  the  amount  in 
cash  the  day  after  his  father's  death.  Mr.  Bestor  then 
devoted  his  attention  to  real  estate  and  abstract  business 
until  he  died,  January  5,  1S79.  ^^  married  Ella  Wil- 
ber  in  1864,  who  was  born  in  Chardon,  Ohio,  in  1844. 
Their  union  resulted  in  four  children,  George  Wilber, 
May,  Grace,  and  Frank.  Mrs  Bestor  is  erecting  a  fine 
residence  on  Hamilton  Street  bluff,  which  she  will 
occupyin  June.  Henry  C.  Bestor,  the  youngest  brother, 
now  conducts  the  real  estate  business  established  by  his 
father  forty-five  years  ago,  office,  31 1  Main  street. 

Bicker  .T.irob.  tJ.  S.  storekeeper,  res.  l.')14  N.  Jefferson  street. 
IJiokerdt  IVter.  cutter,  yol  .S.  .\a.iiiis  .street, 
nieber  Michael,  stonemason,  12302  S.  .\dam.s  street. 

BIGGIN'S  JOHNNY,  saloon,  1801  S.  Wash- 
ington street,  was  born  in  Poughkeepsie,  N.  Y.,  Febru- 
ary 22,  1S55.  Went  to  Ancram,  N.  Y.,  when  seven 
years  of  age  to  learn  the  trade  of  paper  making,  and 
remained  four  years.  Then  came  to  Peoria  in  1866 
where  he  attended  school  a  couple  of  years.  Thence 
went  to  Chicago  and  engaged  by  drovers  in  shipping 
cattle  to  New  York,  two  or  three  years.  Then  became 
associated  with  a  Mormon  in  shippingcattle  to  Califor- 
nia for  three  years.  Then  returned  to  Peoria  in  1S74 
or  1875  and  engaged  in  buying  and  selling  cattle.  En- 
gaged in  his  present  business  in  1879.  Married  Miss 
Mary  Foley  June  i,  1876,  a  native  of  Peoria.  They 
have  one  son,  John  Martin,  born  September  15,  1879. 
Mr.  Biggins  was  elected  to  the  office  of  alderman  of 
the  Ninth  Ward,  in  the  Fall  of  1878  and  re-elected  in 
1S79. 

BIgfrins  .lolin.  rattle  (ie.iier.  Stock  Y.irds. 
Bilderlieck  H.  res.  200  Butler  street. 

BRIGHAM    DAVID    L.,    carriage    builder, 

115  N.  Washington  street,  was    born  on  the   loih   of 

July,   1838,   in   the  town   of  Hamilton,  Butler  Co.,  O. 

Came  to   Peoria  in   1872  and  engaged  in   his  present 

business,  employs  from  twenty  to  thirty  hands.  Married 

Miss   Anna   Curtiss    November  25,   1867.     She  was  a 


628 


HISTORY   f>F   PEORIA   COUNTY 


native  of  Ohio.  They  have  four  children,  two  girls 
and  two  hoys.  Both  members  of  the  Presbyterian 
Church  of  Peoria.     In  politics  is  a  Republican. 

In  1854.  while  in  Cincinnati,  Mr.  Brigham  was  en- 
gaged as  clerk  in  a  bank  for  about  two  years,  when  he 
entered  a  wholesale  grocery  house  as  clerk  and  worked 
seven  years,  then  was  admitted  as  a  partner  and  con- 
tinued about  two  years.  Then  sold  his  interest  and 
look  a  trip  to  California  for  his  health.  One  year  later 
came  back  to  Cincinnati  and  entered  the  carriage  busi- 
ness, and  remained  in  it  about  seven  years,  or  until 
1872.  when  he  came  to  Peoria. 
Bills  Roswell.  Ins.  agt.  office  108  and  110  S.  Adams  street. 

BIKKET  ARTHUR  T.,  res.  18S0  N.  Mon- 
roe street,  was  born  in  Tazewell  county.  Ills  ,  in  1S43, 
and  came  with  his  parents  to  Peoria  in  1852.  In  1862 
he  went  to  England  for  the  purpose  of  studying  civil 
engineering  and  surveying,  and  remained  there, applying 
himself  energetically  to  his  studies  till  the  Kail  of  1863, 
when  he  completed  his  course  and  returned  to  his 
native  county,  of  which  he  was  shortly  afterwards 
made  deputy  surveyor,  which  position  he  held  for 
three  years,  and  then  removed  to  Peoria.  Here  lie  for 
two  years  held  the  office  of  city  engineer,  and  was 
afterwards  elected  county  surveyor,  and  held  that  office 
for  six  years.  In  1875  he  was  elected  alderman  from 
the  old  Third  Ward  (afterwards  the  Eiijhth)  of  Peoria. 
During  his  years  of  official  surveying,  Mr.  Birket  earned 
the  reputation  of  being  one  o(  the  most  accurate  and 
painstaking  surveyors  in  central  Illinois.  He  married 
in  June,  1866,  Miss  Katie  R.  Lupton,  by  whom  he  has 
two  chililren  —  one  of  each  sex. 

Bl«lin|)  11,  W.  llTcry.  Franklin  street. 

BUl**l  M.  saloon.  1633  S.  Adnmi  street. 

Bill  Uonrad.  lirewrr.  1707  S.  W.-\i<t  street. 

Birket  A.  T.  re»l  pstali-.  .\.  Monroe  street. 

BIrkrt  John  v..  dealer  In  real  eiLlIe.  100  N.  AdaiDS  llreeC 

RIssrII  <).  p.  Ulllers.  412  Ilainlllon  street. 

Blair  M.  C.  i  Blair  Bros.  >  dirs.  In  carrlaKv  trlinmlnKS.  1 19  Main 

street. 
Blakesir  Joel,  res  405.siilli  street. 
Blakel)  .Inliii  M  afi  Coniineiital  I.lne.  res.  B04  Sanford  street. 

Hlanilinelil  r    res.  Mtlte) Holds  Mreet. 
Blang  Adam,  roiiper.  3I.^  First  street. 
Blank  .M   dr.  man.  51 S  W.  J.tter^iin  street. 
Blesslnir.t    M    linlrher.  lerilral  market. 
Blevlns  K.lls  I.   palmer.  20.')  A|i|ile  street. 
Hloek  c.  iiali>on.  12'.'7  .i.  Adam-  street. 
Bliinil)  Henry,  ijrorer.  HU4  N.  Adams  ilreet. 

BI.UMB  PKTKK  It.,  house  mover.  612  N. 
Washington  street,  was  born  in  Maryland.  August  25. 
183C,  and  came  to  Peoria  in  1840.  His  father  was  a 
carpenter  by  trade  and  on  arriving  at  maturity  formed 
a  partnership  with  him  as  house  builders  and  movers. 
Married  Miss  Eva  Gravcner  on  the  2Qth  day  of  Octo- 
ber, 1854.  They  have  eight  children,  five  girls  and 
three  boys,  all  living  except  one  son.  Members  of  the 
Catholic  Church,  and  a  Democrat  in  politics. 
HlurobJo.  V.lirldito  earpenler.  C.  B.  4  if-  res.  RtO  S.  Ailanii 

si  reel. 
Blume  H.  K81  H.  Washliiirlan  street. 
Bluseh  JotHLeariienier.  T.  I".  4  W.  res.  SOD  Moriran  street. 

BACIIMAN     WILMAM,    (.Iccea.ed,)    208 
Goodwin  sticct,  was  born  in  licrinany.     Emigrated  to 


America  and  located  in   Peoria.  Ills.,  where  he  carried 

on  a  book  and  toy  store  until  his  death,  which  occurred 

by  drowning  July  31,  1878.     Mrs.  Bachman  was  bom 

August    7,  1 84 1   in  Switzerland.      They  were  married 

May,  1857,  and  have  had  seven  children  ;     those  living 

are  William,    Anna,   Herman.  Ida  A.  and  Frederick. 

Two  deceased.  Laura  and  Clark.    Owns  a  neat  residence 

where  she  lives,  worth  $3,000. 

BiMltke  J.  F.  tiouse  mover,  res.  1004  N.  Washington  itre«t. 

llohanan  K  12.)  HlRl"  street. 

Bohl  F.  itroeer.  ror  JelTersiin  and  Fulton  streets. 

BohlanderO    XI.  nari.er.  205  Fullou  street. 

Bohrens  F.  eoop-r,  205  Llsk  street 

BolsKdwanl.  holleem^iM.  re-nns  Perry  street. 

Bolanil  Uanlel.drlTer.  ic.H  Ky.  re.«.  1810S.«a«hln|[loD«ree«. 

Bolt   B.  It  com.  lr.lT.  res.  3.'4  Hurll.ut  street. 

Borehes  Herman,  clerk.  1214  .S.  Adams  street. 

Borohe>  1".  H   lioots  and  shoes.  1214  .S.  Adams  street. 

Borli's  U.  liuleher  fentral  market. 

BOTTO  JO.SKPH,  saloon  214  N  Adams 
street.  Was  born  in  Italy,  January  25.  1825.  Emi- 
grated to  the  United  States  in  1S41  and  located  in 
New  York  and  remained  one  year  ;  then  to  Richmond. 
Va..  where  he  stayed  two  years  ;  thence  to  .Memphis, 
Tenn.,  and  remained  there  three  years,  when  he  came 
to  Peoria  and  engaged  in  the  saloon  business.  Mar- 
ried Miss  Columbia  Bianchetti  in  August,  1854;  she 
was  a  native  of  lt.ily.  The  fruits  of  this  marriage  were 
five  children,  one  of  whom  is  living.  His  lirst  wife 
died  August.  1862.  For  his  second  wife,  married  Kosa 
Castagnola  in  January.  1864.  By  this  union  there  are 
three  children,  two  girls  and  one  boy.  Both  members 
of  the  Catholic  Church.     In  politics  a  Democrat. 

Bourk  M.  lalKirer.  gOOSmlUi  street. 
Bourke  cha-s.  res.  203  .Sixth  street. 
Bourke  X.  grocer.  176  N.  Fayette  street. 

BOURLAXD  BENJAMIN  L.  T..  attor- 
ney and  real  estate  and  loan  agent,  125  N.  Jefferson 
street,  is  the  sixth  of  twelve  children  of  Andrew  and 
Demaris  Bourland  «<•<•  Reese,  natives  of  South  Caro- 
lina. He  was  born  in  Christian  county,  Ky.,  in  1825  ; 
came  with  parents  to  Perr>' county.  111.,  in  1834,  but 
soon  after  removed  to  Vandalia  —  then  the  Stale  cap- 
ital—where  his  father  was  engaged  in  clerical  duties 
for  the  State  a  number  of  years.  After  attending  the 
public  schools  Mr.  B.  took  a  course  in  the  Ac.idemy  at 
Springfield  ;  was  then  employed  in  the  State  offices 
several  years ;  went  thence  to  Chicago  and  worked 
nearly  four  years  for  Ogden.  Jones  &  Co.,  in  their  real 
estate  office  ;  came  to  Peoria  in  the  Fall  of  1847,  and 
embarked  in  the  real  estate  business  in  company  with 
Wm.  K.  Phelps.  They  afterwards  also  carried  on 
banking.  Mr.  11.  started  the  institution  afterwards 
known  as  the  Pulsifer  bank  ;  sold  out  to  E.  1).  Hardin; 
and  was  afterwards  one  of  the  founders  of  the  Me- 
chanics' National  bank.  Having  sold  it  out  to  the 
present  proprietors  he  has  since  devoted  his  time  en- 
tirely to  real  estate  and  loan  business,  and  as  the  firm 
of  lloutland  .S;  Hailey  has  done  a  very  heavy  business. 
In  1841)  Mr.  Bourland  married  Julia  Preston,  a  native 


^^"^  /H?» 


w,^ 


j'ai^y^^''''"^h 


COWl^ 


Peoria  city  directory. 


629 


of  Rochester,  N.  V.,  but  an  early  resident  of  Kane 
county,  111.  Mrs.  B.  died  in  1867,  leaving  two  sons, 
Ogden,  now  cashier  of  the  National  bank  of  Pontiac, 
and  Rudolphus  R.,  book-keeper  for  Bourland  &  Bailey. 
Mr.  B.  married  Clara  Parsons  in  1869.  She  is  a  native 
of  Mass.,  and  is  now  the  mother  of  six  children,  all 
living,  Benjamin,  Caroline,  Elsie,  Philip  and  Norman 
—  twins  —  and  Robert  C.  Mrs.  B.  is  president  of  the 
Ladies'  Art  Society,  and  secretary  of  the  Scientific  As- 
sociation of  Peoria.  Mr.  B.  was  many  years  a  member 
of  the  city  school  board,  and  is  a  member  of  A.  F.  and 
A.  M.,  of  the  Chapter  and  Comraandery. 

BOUBSCHIDT  F.  C.  apothecary  and  chem- 
ist, corner  of  Main  and  Jefferson  streets,  was  born  in 
Germany.  Came  to  the  United  States  in  1868,  previous 
to  which  he  was  educated  for  his  present  business.  He 
located  first  in  St.  Louis  several  years  ;  went  to  How- 
ard county,  Kan.,  opened  a  store  and  conducted  the 
business  three  years,  but  finding  the  climate  unfavorable 
to  his  health,  left  there  and  came  to  Peoria  in  the  Spring 
of  1875  ;  spent  four  years  in  clerking  ;  opened  his 
present  store  in  the  Library  Building  in  January,  1879. 
Mr.  B.  is  a  practical  analytical  chemist  and  assayer  ; 
confines  his  business  strictly  to  chemicals  and  prescrip- 
tion trade.  His  store  is  one  of  the  most  attractive  and 
complete  in  the  West.  He  married  Dora  Steward,  a 
native  of  Howard  county,  Kan.;  has  two  children,  F. 
C.  and  Jennie  Marie. 

Boutles  B.  H.  1155  S.  Adams  street. 
Bomjes  H.  F.  res.  501  W.  Jefferson  street. 

BOWE  JOHN  W.  grocer,  803  Main  street, 
was  born  on  the  20th  day  of  March,  1856,  in  County 
Kilkenny,  Ireland,  and  immigrated  to  the  United  States 
in  1868,  and  located  in  Palmer,  N.  V.,  and  remained 
there  two  years.  Came  to  Peoria  in  1871,  where  he 
embarked  in  the  grocery  business  in  1S73,  and  has  been 
engaged  in  the  same  up  to  the  present  time.  Member 
of  the  Catholic  Church.  In  politics,  a  Liberal.  By  in- 
dustry and  courtesy  to  customers,  has  built  up  a  good 
trade.     His  present  partner  is  Charles  R.  Mulick. 

Bowen  A.  717  S.  Adams  street. 

Bowers  W.  P.  traveling  agent.  1(17  S.  Wasliington  street. 

Bowman  Fred,  slioemaker.  153  (Jay  street. 

Bovd  Jolin.  res.  1012  Third  street. 

Boyd  T.  H.  macliinist  T..  H,  &  W.  res.  1100  Second  street. 

Boyd  Kobt.  laborer,  res.  Webster  street. 

BOYDEX  WILLIAM  A.  paimer,  res.  1813 
N.  Madison  street,  was  born  in  Pittslield,  Mass.,  Dec. 
12,  1834,  and  when  about  five  years  old,  removed  with 
his  parents  to  Michigan.  In  i85i,hewas  taken  with 
the  California  fever  and  went  there  to  try  his  fortune  at 
the  gold  mines,  remaining  there  about  three  years  with 
varying  luck,  and  finally  did  better  than  many  who  had 
preceded  him,  for  he  was  able  to  scrape  together  money 
enough  to  get  home  with,  and  to  it  he  returned  in  1854, 
where  he  remained  working  at  his  trade  till  the  out- 
break of  the  war,  when  in  .\ugust,  1862,  he  enlisted  in 


Company  D,  4th  Michigan  Cavalry,  and  served  with  it 
until  1S65,  in  which  year  he  was  discharged.  He  took 
part  with  his  regiment  in  many  severe  engagements. 
Upon  discharge  he  returned  home,  and  there  remained 
until  1872,  when  he  came  to  Peoria,  and  being  a  good 
workman  has  always  found  plenty  to  do,  and  has,  by 
the  exercise  of  economy,  been  able  to  buy  a  lot  and  to 
build  upon  it  the  comfortable  and  suKstantial  dwelling 
in  which  he  now  resides.  Hemarried,  January  I,  1870, 
Miss  E.  L.  Russell,  a  native  of  New  York  State. 
Braclieu  Fanny,  res.  119  Armstrong  avenue. 

BRACKEN  G-.  L.  carpenter,  res.  North  street. 
Was  born  in  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  on  the  14th  day  of  Oct., 
1S26,  where  he  was  reared  to  the  trade  and  received  a 
common  school  education.  Married  Miss  Susan  Sny- 
der, (daughter  of  Frederick  Snyder,)  who  was  born 
March  17,  1830.  By  this  union  there  were  four  chil- 
dren :  Bell,  born  Sept.  4,  1849  ;  Fanny  C,  born  June  12, 
1851  ;  Edith,  born  Nov.  21,  1861  ;  Freddie,  born  June 
12,  1867.  Mrs.  B.  is  a  member  of  the  Baptist  Church, 
and  her  daughters  are  members  of  the  Episcopal. 

Braclieii  Susan,  res.  119  .\rmstrong  avenue. 
Bratiley  D.  cattle-feeder,  res.  1539  S.  Adams  street. 
Bradley  Frank,  tailor,  123  S.  Adams  street. 

BRADLEY  TOBIAS  S.  (deceased.)  The 
subject  of  this  sketch  was  born  in  Mt.  Sterling,  Ken- 
tucky, on  the  2ist  day  of  January,  1811,  and  at  the  age 
of  four  years  moved  to  Vevay,  Indiana,  and  engaged  in 
various  commercial  pursuits,  as  well  as  filled  many 
places  of  trust  and  honor ;  but  failing  in  business  threw 
Tobias  upon  his  own  resources,  and  being  known  as  a 
young  man  of  strict  integrity  and  industrious  habits, 
he  secured  a  situation  as  clerk  in  the  store  of  Jude 
Malin,  of  Vevay,  until  twenty-three  or  twenty-four 
years  of  age,  when  he  became  extensively  engaged  in 
trading  on  the  river,  often  being  gone  for  months  at 
the  South,  accumulating  quite  a  sum  of  money  by  close 
attention  to  his  business.  On  the  nth  day  of  May, 
1S37,  he  was  married  in  Switzerland  county,  Ind.,  to 
Miss  Lydia  Moss,  and  a  few  years  after  this  came  to 
Peoria  and  purchased  a  farm  on  the  bluff,  near  his  late 
residence,  which  residence  his  widow  still  occupies, 
which  he  managed  until  his  death. 

.■\s  a  business  man  he  was  far-seeing  and  judicious, 
and  seldom  failed  in  judgment.  He  never  sought  of- 
fice, in  fact  never  willingly  accepted  it,  though  he  was 
repeatedly  honored  with  responsible  and  important 
stations. 

He  was  president  of  the  First  National  Bank  of  this 
city,  and  also  of  the  Peoria  &  Rock  Island  Railway. 
Mr.  Bradley  was  emphatically  domestic  in  his  habits. 
No  man  more  enjoyed  the  comforts  of  the  home  circle, 
and  few  so  engrossed  in  the  cares  of  business  spent  so 
many  hours  at  home.  Hlessed  with  an  esiimable  wife, 
who  well  knew  how  to  make  home  happy,  he  fountl  the 


630 


HISTORY   OP  PF.oniA   rf)rNTY. 


chief  pleasure  in  the  bosom  of  his  family.  Six  children 
were  bom  to  him,  none  of  which  survived  him.  and 
only  one  was  spared  to  approach  maturity  of  woman- 
hood. She  was  a  beautiful  young  lady  of  rare  talents, 
beloved  by  all  who  knew  her,  but  died  a  few  years  be- 
fore .Mr.  Bradley. 

He  was  inslrumenlal  in  building  the  Church  of  the 
Redeemer,  and  re'.olved  that  nothing  should  be  wanting 
to  make  it  the  finest,  most  thorough  and  convenient 
church  in  the  city.  To  the  poor,  Mr.  B.  was  a  friend, 
and  yet  his  blessings  partook  largely  of  the  practical 
cast  of  his  mind.  He  gave  largely,  but  it  was  not  in 
that  way  he  chiefly  benefited  ihem  ;  he  rather  preferred 
to  place  them  in  circumstances  where  they  could  live 
independently,  earning  their  own  bread  by.  and  depend- 
ing upon  their  own  exertions.  In  politics,  Mr.  Bradley 
was  a  staunch  Democrat,  never  for  a  moment  forsaking 
the  principles  which  he  believed  to  be  the  only  sure 
and  safe  foundation  of  a  Iree  government.  He  died 
May  4,  1867.  in  consequence  of  injuries  inflicted  by  the 
kick  of  a  horse,  deeply  lamented  by  a  large  circle  of 

friends. 

UT»(iy  IteniarJ.  engineer  T.  I",  i  W.  res.  905  .s.  Waslilugton  »t. 

HrKl)  John,  miller,  tout  of  Cedar  street. 

ltr»il)  .M.  res.  101  DuuRlas  street. 

ItranilOe  J»niis.  carpenter,  res.  609  Penn  avenue. 

Krauirr  C.  einar  maker.  1 161  ».  AUanis  street. 

BKASSFIELU  JOXATHAN,  farmer,  res. 
210  .■\rmstrong    avenue,    was    born   in    Wake    county. 
North  Carolina.  December  30.    1805;    is    the    third  of 
nine  children  of  Jesse  and  Mary   Brassficld    «<•<■  Revis. 
Parents  removed  to  Surry  county,  that  State,  a  year  af- 
ter his  birth,  where  he  grew  to   manhood,   on   a   farm, 
with  but  nine   months'  school  advantages.     After  the 
death  of  his    father,    the    widow    removed    to    Monroe 
county,    Indiana,    where   she   died   in    1840.      Mr.   B. 
worked  by  the  month  two  years  after    coming   of   age. 
On  October  12,  1830,  he  married  Rebecca,  daughter  of 
Samuel  and  Nancy  Gordon,  born  in  Surry  county  July 
9.    1808.     In    December.    1830    they    settled    in    I'ark 
county,  Ind.,  and  started  in  life  with  $7   cash  capital  ; 
bought  160  acres  of  land,  and   besides  earning  money 
to  pay  therefor,  cleared  forty  acres  of  it.     Wishing  to 
find  a  country  where  farms  were  easier  made,  they  re- 
moved to  Peoria  county  in  May,  1839,  having  exchanged 
their  Indiana  farm  for  160  acres  of  the    rich   prairie  of 
Radnor  township.     The  second  house  erected  by  him 
on  that  place  Mr.  B.  hauled  the    finishing   lumber  and 
shingles  from  Chicago.  160  miles.     Afler  sume  years  he 
purchased  a  half  section  of  land  in  Kickapoo  township, 
which  became  llicir  home,  and  disposed  of  the   Radnor 
farm,  investing  the  proceeds  in  lands  in  Marshall  coun- 
ty.    They  remained  on  the   Kickapoo  farm   until    the 
Spring  of  1867.  when   they   removed  to   Peoria,  selling 
the  half  section  there  that  cost  them  $l.(>uo  for  $18,000. 
Besides  a  section  in  Kord  county.  111.,    worth    $20,000. 
and  a  homestead  in  the  city  worth  $8,000.  Mr.  II.  owns 


several  other  tracts  of  land,  ihe  whole  constitutine  «n 
estate  valued  at  $50,000.  They  have  had  eleven  chil- 
dren, six  living,  Nancy,  Henry,  James  S.,  Elizabeth. 
Mary  A.,  Austin  G..  and  Thomas.  William  H.,  the 
eldest,  and  C,  the  seventh  son,  lost  their  live* 
in  the  ser\'ice  of  their  countrj'  during  the  late  war;  one 
a  member  of  the  I7lh  the  other  of  the  77th  Illinois  In- 
fantry James  was  also  in  the  army  as  a  2d  Lieut,  in 
the  47th  Regiment.  Mr.  II.  has  been  elected  to  several 
local  offices  but  has  declined  to  ierxe,  shunning  politi- 
cal positions. 

Brant  Jarob.  res.  1111  .•*.  AJams  street. 

Braun  Krluulln.  carpenter,  res.  104  Johnson  street. 

BK.\YSH-\W  ABU.VH-VM,  carpet  manu- 
facturer, corner  .Main  and  Adams  streets,  was  born  in 
Yorkshire.  England  in  1838  ;  is  the  son  of  Benjamin 
and  Anna  (Berr)')  Brayshaw.  He  learned  the  trade  of 
cloth  manufacturing  in  his  native  country;  and  five  of 
his  seven  brothers  are  no*  engaged  there  in  that  busi- 
ness. Mr.  B.  came  to  America  in  1868  ;  spent  a  year  in 
Newburg.  N.  V.,  came  to  Peoria  in  1870.  and  at  once 
engaged  in  his  present  business.  He  makes  a  specially 
of  manufacturing  rag  carpels  of  the  finest  and  most 
substantial  character,  of  which  he  turns  out  700  yards 
per  month.  On  May  13.  1868.  Mr.  Brayshaw  married 
Carrie  C.  Wilby.  in  Newburg.  N.  Y..  who  is  also  a 
native  of  England.  They  have  two  children  living. 
Benjamin  Wilby  and  Walter  Washington  Bra\shaw. 
Mr.  B.  is  a  member  of  the  .\ncient  Order  of  United 
Workmen.     They  own  a  homestead  in  the  city. 

Ilreler  C.  livery.  315  4  .117  BrlilRe  ilreet. 
Ureler  Ueu.  fruiu.  etc.  :!15  Main  street. 

BREXDKLL  FREDERICK,  M.  D.  phy- 
sician and  naturalist,  res.  202  Liberty  street,  was  born 
in  Erlangcn.  Bavaria,  in  January.  1820;  graduated 
from  Erlangen  University  in  1843.  in  the  centennial 
year  of  the  institution  ;  was  assistant  physician  in  the 
department  of  surgery  in  the  hospital  of  Hamburg  from 
1846  to  1848;  was  forced  to  abandon  the  position  on 
account  of  his  radical  political  principles  during  the 
revolution  the  latter  year ;  crossed  the  .-Vtlantic,  landing 
in  New  York  in  May,  1850;  located  in  St.  Louis  in 
August  of  that  year;  practiced  there  two  years;  re- 
moved to  Peoria  in  1852.  and  has  pursued  his  profes- 
sion since.  The  doctor  is  a  devotee  to  natural  science, 
and  IS  one  of  the  leading  naturalists  in  Illinois;  has 
prepared  many  able  papers  on  natural  history,  which 
have  been  published  and  rank  high  as  scientific  pro- 
ductions. This  volume  contains  an  able  article  fiom 
his  pen.  He  is  curator  of  the  Scientific  .'\ssociation 
of  Peoria,  is  a  member  of  the  German  Library  School 
Association,  and  has  been  meteorological  observer  of 
Smithsonian  Institute,  and  later  of  the  United  States 
naval  service  since  1SS5.  Married  Kliubeth  Miller,  a 
native  of  Peoria,  in  l8bi.     They  have  had  twelve  chil- 


PEORIA   CITY   DIRECTORY. 


631 


dren.     Helena,  Emila.  Elizabetli,  Jenny.   Clara,  Bertha 

and  Frederick  are  living. 

Brennan  .1.  tailor,  res.  617  Perry  street. 

Brennaii  Tom.  paser.  res.  769  Perry  street. 

Brenner  Chas.  res.  2103  S.  Adams  street. 

HrlKSS  E.  pattern  maker,  600  S.  Water  street 

linstol  Chas.  N.  messenger  U.  S.  Ex.  res.  809  Ellis  street 

Brooks  J.  H.  carpenter.  ?04  S.  Waslilngtou  street 

Brophy  M.  .1.  moulder,  600  S.  Water  street. 

Brown  C.  H.  res.  308  Green  street. 

Brown  D.  S.  distiller,  res.  305  Taylor  street. 

BROXS  HEXRY,  carpenter,  res.  6o8  Hurlbut 

street,   was    born    in    Prussia   on    the    Rhine  in   1828, 

learned  the  trade  there  and   pursued    it    twelve   years  ; 

came  to  America  in  1854  ;  lived  a   year   and  a  half  in 

Cincinnati.   Ohio,    then    came   to    Peoria.     January  8, 

1856,  he  married  Catherine  Hessling,  also  a  native  from 

Prussia.     Their  family  consists  of  seven  boys  and  one 

girl.     Henry,  23;  Bernard,  21;  Charles,  ig ;  Peter,  17; 

Fred,  15;  Theodore,  13;  William,   11,   and    Gertrude, 

ten  years  of  age.     Mr.    B.    has   been    doing   carpenter 

work  for  the  T.,  P.  &  W.  R.  R,   since    1S63,    and    now 

has  four  sons  in  the  employ  of  the  company.     He  is  a 

member  of  St.  Joseph's  German  Society.     Himself  and 

family  are  members  of  the  Catholic   Church.     Owns  a 

homestead  in  the  city. 

Brown  Isaac,  res.  123  Fifth  street. 

Brown  John,  grain  Ijuyer,  307  S.  Jefferson  street. 

BROWX  J.  L,.,  M.  D.,  physician  and  surgeon, 
100  S.  Adams  street,  was  born  in  Clermont  county, 
Ohio,  and  received  his  primary  education  in  his  native 
and  Warren  counties.  He  began  the  study  of  medicine 
with  Dr.  S.  B.  Tomlinson,  in  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  in  1S64, 
and  afterwards  attended  classes  at  Medical  College  of 
Ohio,  in  the  same  city,  graduating  therefrom  in  March, 
1868.  Afterwards  practiced  in  Cincinnati,  until  1873, 
when  he  removed  to  Peoria,  and  has  since  resided  and 
practiced  there, 

BROWX  JOHX  L.  express  messenger  for  T., 
P.  &  W.  res.  205  S.  Jefierson  street,  was  born  June  5, 
1845,  Elmira,  New  York,  and  when  13  years  of  age 
came  to  Chenoa,  McLean  county,  Illinois,  and  remained 
there  until  1867,  when  he  came  to  the  city  of  Peona, 
and  has  been  in  his  present  business  since.  Was  mar- 
ried to  Miss  Emma  Harpest,  June  7,  1876,  a  native  of 
New  York.  She  was  born  June  14,  1852.  Mrs.  Brown 
is  a  member  of  the  Presbyterian  Church,  and  Mr.  Brown 
a  member  of  the  A.  F.  &  A.  M. 
Brown  Lucy  Miss,  res.  1200  N.  Monroe  street. 

BROWN  LUCIUS  D.  passenger  conductor. 
T.,  P.&  W.  R.  R.,  j7og  N.  Adams  street,  was  born  in 
Fincastle,  Brown  county,  Ohio,  February  8,  1849,  and 
IS  the  son  of  James  P.  Brown  and  Caroline  Glaze 
natives  of  Ohio.  When  4  years  of  age  he  removed,  with 
his  parents,  to  Peoria,  and  has  ever  since  made  it  his 
home.  Received  his  education  there,  and  in  1S66  began 
life  as  a  railroad  man  upon  the  T.,  P.  &  W.  R.  R.,  as 
switchman  at  El  Paso,  where  he  remained  for  about  one 
and  one-half  years,  and  then  returned  to  Peoria.     He 


has  since  remained  with  the  same  Company,  passing 
the  intermediate  grades  of  brakeman  and  freight  con- 
ductor, to  his  present  position.  He  married,  April  12, 
1870,  in  El  Paso,  Illinois,  Miss  Lizzie  Crossit,  daughter 
of  Wm.  T.  Crossit  and  .Mary  S.  Wooley,  natives  of  Ohio, 
who  was  born  in  Tazewell  county,  Illinois,  by  whom  he 
has  had  three  children— Louis,  Harry  and  Bertie.  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  Brown  are  members  of  the  Chriiiian  Church  ; 
own  residence  and  lot  at  above  number,  and  also  house 
and  lot  adjoining.  His  parents  are  both  alive  and  reside 
in   Peoria. 

Brown  M.  Mrs.  res.  1301  N.  Monroe  street. 
Brown  Matthew,  dealer  In  pork.  Central  market. 

BROTHERSON  PETER  R.   K.  United 
States  Gauger,  res.  403  N.  Madison   street,  is  the  third 
ofa  family  of  five  children  of  Phillip   Broiherson   and 
Catharine'Kissam.     Was  born  in  Saratoga  county.  New 
York,  in  181 1.     He  resided  there  the  first  sixteen  years 
of  his  life,  then  spent  three  years  as  clerk  in  a  mercan- 
tile establishment  in  New  York  city.     In  1830  he  went 
into  business  in  Elmira,  and  three  years  later  married 
Frances  B.  McReynolds,  a  native  of  that  place.     In  1836 
they  emigrated  to  Cadiz,   Ohio,  and  he  and  his  father- 
in-law  spent    fourteen  years  there  in    merchandising. 
In  the  Spring  of  1S50  they  came  to  Peoria  and  estab- 
lished the'first  exclusively  wholesale  grocery   house  in 
the  city,   as    the    firm   of   Brotherson   &   McReynolds. 
Mr.  B.  sold  out  six  years  later  and  engaged  in  the  grain 
and  pork  business  with  A.  G.  Tyng,  as  Tyng  &  Broth- 
erson, continuing  until  1877,  when,  meeting  with  heavy 
losses,  Mr.  B.  retired  from  the  business.     Was  appointed 
to  his  present  position   in  August,  1879.     Mrs.  B.  died 
Dec.  27,  1879.     She  was  noted  for  her  devotion  to  pub- 
lic charity,  and  was  foremost  among  the  ladies  in  every 
benevolent  work,  and  had  also  gained  a  reputation  as  a 
writer  for  the  press.     She  was  the  mother  of  three  chil- 
dren, two  daughters-Mrs.  L.  B.  Tyng  and  Mrs.  M.  B. 
Reynolds,  and  Phillip  Brotherson,  who  died  at  23  years 
of  age.     Mr.  B.  laid  out  two  additions  to  Peoria,  embrac- 
ing 40  acres,  which  bear  his  name.     Has   served   sev. 
eral  terms  as  alderman,  and  two   as  mayor  of  the  city, 
when  the  water-works   were  being  built.     Was  presi- 
dent of  the  Adams  street  horse-railv/ay  company  a  num- 
ber of  years,  and  still  one  of  its  directors.     He  and  wife 
were  very  active  in  sanitary  work  during  the  war  ;  have 
been  members  of  the  Episcopal  Church  many  years. 

Brugganian  H.  clerk  cor.  Water  and  Fulton  streets 
Brunigal).  res.  718  S.  Washington  street.     """"• 
Bruniga  J.  saloon.  1149  .S.  Adams  street, 
llrntcher  Andrew,  carpenter,  301  N.  Water  street 
Bratjes  11.  res.  501  W.  Jefferson  street 
Bryan  \\  m.  F.  attorney.  327  -Main  street. 
Bryner  B.  C.  post  office  clerk,  res.  502  Perry  street. 

BRYNER  JOHN,  (deceased),  was  born  in 
Center  county.  Pa.,  6th  October,  1820,  and  emigrated 
to  Peoria  county  in  the  Spring  of  1845.  .Soon  after 
reaching  Peoria  he  engaged  as  a  clerk  with  James 
Dougherty,  in  whose  employ   he   remained  one  year, 


632 


HISTORY   OF   PEOUIA   COINTY 


and  then  became  book-keeper  for  D.  Gurney  &  Co.  a 
year.  He  then  formed  a  co-partnership  with  William 
McLean,  under  the  firm  name  of  Mcl-ean  i;  Bryner, 
and  engaged  in  the  leather  trade,  in  which  business  he 
continued  until  1861.  He  was  elected  to  the  office  of 
sheriff  of  I'coria  county,  in  which  capacity  he  served 
with  good  acceptance,  and  was  often  called  to  till 
minor  positions  of  local  trust.  By  reason  uf  his  being 
captain  of  the  National  Blues,  he  enjoyed  something  of 
a  military  reputation,  and  when  the  war  of  the  rebel- 
lion came  on  in  1861,  he  was  commissioned  as  colonel 
and  organized  the  47th  Illinois,  which  he  commanded 
till  the  siege  of  Corinth.  After  the  capture  of  Corinth 
he  resigned  his  commission  at  Kienzi,  Miss.,  Sept.  2d, 
1863,  in  consequence  of  ill  health.  After  his  return 
home  he  assisted  in  organizing  and  placing  in  the  field 
the  8sth,  86th,  103d,  loSth  and  Il2lh  regiments,  and 
had  charge  of  the  camp  here.  When  the  139th.  a  hun- 
dred day  regiment,  was  organized,  he  accepted  a  com- 
mis!>ion  as  first  lieutenant  and  A.  Q.  M.  While  in 
camp  at  Cairo,  his  old  regiment,  the  47th,  which  had 
been  reduced  to  four  companies,  came  home  on  veter- 
an leave  from  the  Ked  Kiver  expedition  and  visited 
him  in  a  body.  They  proffered  a  petition,  signed  by 
every  officer  and  member  of  the  command,  requesting 
him  to  reorganize  and  take  command  of  the  old  regi- 
ment. He  accepted  the  tender,  and  obtaining  permis- 
sion from  Governor  Oglesby,  raised  six  new  companies 
and  went  into  camp  at  Springfield,  the  four  veteran 
companies  having  been  ordered  to  join  Gen.  Smith's 
cjmraand,  then  in  front  of  Spanish  Fort  before  the  de- 
fenses of  Mobile.  After  the  completion  of  the  organ- 
ization of  the  regiment  he  was  taken  suddenly  ill  at 
the  Chenery  House,  at  .Springfield  where  he  died  on 
the  19th  of  March,  1865.  His  remains  were  brought 
home  to  Peoria  for  sepulture,  and  were  followed  to 
their  last  resting  place  by  a  large  cortege  of  friends. 
Bryner  Post,  G.  A.  R.,  organized  October  8,  1879,  wa« 
named  in  honor  of  him.  .Mr.  Bryner  was  united  in 
marriage  with  Miss  Rebecca,  daughter  of  James  North, 
Esq.,  of  Mitllintown,  Fa.,  on  the  15th  day  of  Septem- 
ber, 1842,  the  marriage  being  solemnized  by  Rev.  John 
Hutchinson  of  that  place.  Miss  North  was  born  in 
Juniata  county.  Pa.,  in  1S24.  They  had  eight  children 
—  four  sons  and  four  daughters,  only  three  of  whom 
survive.  II.  C.  Bryner,  one  of  the  sons,  enlisted  in  the 
47th  regiment,  Co.  I,  and  served  one  year.  He  now 
occupies  a  trusted  position  in  the  Peoria  post  office. 
Ilrr»uu  J.  O.  rri  •Jifin.  WulilnKtnn  ntrpcu 

BU(;HAN.\N'  W.M.  <;.  painter  and  paper- 
hanger,  re<.  804  Hamilton  street,  son  of  Wm.  and  Julia 
Buchanan.  They  were  natives  of  Scotland,  and  emi- 
grated to  the  United  States  in  1844.  and  located  in 
Kendall  county.  HI.,  where  the  subject  of  this  »ketch 
was  reared  on   a   farm   and   received  a  common   school 


education.  He  was  born  in  Glasgou-,  Scotland,  on  the 
I5lh  day  of  February,  1S43.  Enlisted  in  1861,  in  the 
Ilth  111.  Cav.  Co.  E,  and  participated  in  the  Western 
army;  was  in  the  battle  of  Shilob,  two  days  siege  of 
Corinth  and  battle  of  Corinth  (where  he  had  a  horse 
shot  from  under  him),  luka,  Lexington,  Tenn.,  nherr 
he  was  wounded  in  left  side  with  a  minnie  ball  that  he 
still  carries,  and  left  on  the  field  and  taken  prisoner  by 
Gen.  Forrest's  command,  and  laid  in  a  house  near  the 
battle-ground  thirty-one  days;  laid  in  parole  camp  one 
year;  exchanged  and  returned  to  his  regiment  atV'icks- 
burgh ;  was  on  detached  duly  in  the  Independent 
Scouts,  under  the  command  of  Major  Merrill,  doing 
scouting  service  for  Gen.  Sherman  and  others;  was  on 
the  Meridan  raid  under  Gen.  Sherman  and  Grierson  ; 
mustered  out  at  Memphis,  after  serving  four  years  and 
three  months;  wa\  commissioned  for  meritorious  ser- 
vice in  1863  to  2d  Lieut.  Married  Miss  Mary  Perry, 
daughter  ot  William  Perry;  she  was  born  in  Manches- 
ter, England.  The  fruit  of  this  marriage  was  five 
children,  four  of  which  arc  still  living. 
Bucties  Peter,  carpenter.  530  S.  WashtliKton  vtrveL 

BUCKNEK  JOHN  W.  of  the  firm  of  Buck- 
ner  &  Coulson,  hides,  tallow,  wool,  etc.,  513  S.  Water 
street,  was  born  in  Canada,  in  1824,  came  to  Peoria  in 
1863,  and  embarked  in  his  present  business.  Married 
Miss  Margaret  Caughell,  in  1853,  and  has  two  children. 
Mr.  Coulson,  senior  partner  of  this  firm,  was  born  on 
the  29th  day  of  May,  1S39,  in  Canada,  came  to  Peoria 
in  1867,  and  entered  into  partnership  with  Mr.  B.  in 
their  piesent  business.  .Married  Clareena  Wisner- 
Caughell,  in  1S67.  They  have  one  child.  Both  mem- 
bers of  the  Episcopal  Church.  In  politics  Republican. 
Have  invested  in  their  business  about  $20,000,  and 
employ  from  one  to  five  hands,  and  are  doing  a  profit- 
able business. 
Ilutld  A.  R.  rarpenier,  res.  100  Ulgeluw  strecL 

ni'CK    WM.   II.  coal  dealer. 

Itl  1:111.1:1;  (  IIKISTI.VN  (deceased),  meat 
market,  1511  .'>.  Washington  street,  was  born  on  the 
25th  of  December,  1821,  in  Stuttgart,  Wurtembcrg, 
Germany,  emigrated  to  the  United  States  in  1849,  ■■>'' 
settled  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.  Married  Miss  Anna 
Schlenkar,  Jan.  I,  1857,  in  Chicago,  III.,  and  lived 
there  until  i860,  when  he  moved  to  Peoria  and  en- 
gaged in  packing  pork,  and  doing  a  general  butcher 
business.  They  have  seven  children,  one  giil  and  six 
boys.  Mr.  Burliler  died  Oct.  15,  1878  ;  was  a  mcml>er 
of  the  Masonic  Order.  In  politics  a  Democrat.  His 
eldest  son,  Martin,  together  with  his  mother,  is  still 
carrying  on  the  business  at  the  old  stand. 

ItiilTor  Krr<t.  harbpr.  !<'     1  [ .  i-l 

Itiiltfrr  M- t>rlrklM)rt .  -ii  iilr««t. 

Iliill  W   (1   plulrii  r.  .  .ml. 

lliiiiii  J.  II.  butelior,  71o  ..;.••>,  ■•,•• .-(. 

Iiittin  tt.  aurtiuncer.  cur.  I'vrry  aail  Aprlnf  sfrfeti. 


fEORIA  CITY  directory: 


633 


BURT  RICHARD  W.  United  States  store- 
keeper, res.  8l6  Sanford  street,  was  born  in  Warwick, 
Orange  county,  N.  Y.,  in  1823.  His  parents,  Foght 
and  Elizabeth  Burt,  were  natives  of  same  county.  In 
1S34  they  removed  to  Coshocton  county,  Ohio.  When 
the  war  with  Mexico  began,  Mr.  B.  enlisted  in  Co.  B, 
3d  Ohio,  June  4,  1846,  nnJ  remained  in  the  service  a 
year.  He  married  Malona  Evans,  a  native  of  Ohio,  in 
January,  184S,  and  settled  in  Coshocton  county.  In 
1853  established  the  Progressive  Age,  a  weekly  Repub- 
lican newspaper  ;  was  one  of  the  first  to  advocate  the 
principles  embraced  by  the  party,  and  was  one  of  its 
founders.  At  the  end  of  three  years  B.  sold  the  paper 
and  embarked  in  the  coal  trade  at  Newark,  Ohio,  con- 
tinuing till  he  went  into  the  army,  in  December,  1S61, 
as  a  member  of  Co.  G,  76th  Inf.,  which  he  helped  to 
recruit,  and  went  out  as  its  2d  Lieutenant.  Was  pro- 
moted to  1st  Lieutenant  of  Co.  I,  after  the  battle  of 
Arkansas  Post,  and  when  the  regiment  veteranized,  in 
April,  1864,  became  Captain  of  Co.  H.  At  the  battle 
of  Resaca,Ga.,  received  a  gunshot  wound  in  the  mouth, 
losing  most  of  his  teeth  ;  participated  in  thirty  battles 
and  skirmishes,  and  traveled  with  the  regiment  10,000 
miles.  Soon  after  his  discharge,  in  July,  1S65,  was  bre- 
veted .Major  for  gallant  conduct.  He  came  to  Peoria 
in  1865  ;  engaged  nine  years  in  the  grocery  and  feed 
business ;  was  appointed  to  present  position  over  four 
years  ago.  Mrs.  Burt,  by  whom  he  had  four  children, 
three  living,  died  in  January,  1873.  Mr.  Burt  married 
Betsey  M.  Cotton  nee  Barnum,  a  native  of  New  York, 
in  1876.  He  is  a  member  of  A.  F.  &  A.  M.,  G.  A.  R., 
and  Mexican  War  Veteran  Association,  and  he  and  wife 
are  members  of  M.  E.  Church. 

BURGI  PHILLIP  H.  grocer,  1600  S.  Adams 
street,  was  born  in  Germany,  May  i,  1S21,  and  emi- 
grated to  the  United  States  in  1849,  ^"'I  settled  in 
Cleveland,  Ohio,  where  he  remained  four  years,  then 
came  to  Peoria,  where  he  engaged  in  the  grocery  busi- 
ness and  has  continued  in  the  same  since ;  being  a 
German,  and  locating  in  the  southern  part  of  the  city, 
has  built  up  a  good  trade.  In  1856,  married  Miss  Mary 
E.  Winker.  By  this  marriage  there  was  one  child,  a 
son,  who  assists  his  father  in  his  old  age. 

Burley  Jolin.  grocer,  cor.  Second  aud  Spencer  streets, 

Burnliam  .\.  res.  2:i6  .Moss  street. 

Bums  i>.  teiimster.  res.  828  F;iyette  street. 

Burns  J.  J.  res.  1209  N.  Jeiferson  street. 

Burns  Maria  .Mrs.  res.  S.  Water  street. 

Burr  ,1    D.  i  N'icol  B.  .t  Co.)  res.  308  .Sixth  street. 

Busli  II.  A.  sash  manufacturer,  716  S.  Washington  street. 

Bush  Geo.  M.-  bookkeeper,  res.  826  Fayette  street. 

BUSH  JOHN  A.  house  and  sign  painter, 
ornamental  designer,  dealer  and  manufacturer  of  all 
kinds  of  regalia  and  secret  society  goods,  408  Main 
street,  was  born  in  Cumberland  county.  Pa.,  Feb.  16, 
1829,  and  is  the  son  of  George  and  Maria  (Zibil)  Hush, 
natives  of  I'ennsylvania.  He  was  raised,  educated  and 
learned  the  trades  of  painting  and  cabinettnaking  in  his 
46 


native  county,  and  in  1849  '^f'  home,  and  after  a  short 
stay  in  Burlington.  Iowa,  came  to  Peoria,  where  he  has 
since  resided,  and  been  in  business  for  himself  thirty- 
seven  years.  He,  soon  after  coming,  establislied  him- 
self in  his  business  of  painting,  and  in  i860  added  to 
it  that  of  society  goods  and  regalia.  During  the  war  he 
acted  for  three  years  as  sutler  to  the  8th  and  17th  regi- 
ments I.  V.  I.  He  married  Miss  Susan  O.  Heden- 
burg,  a  native  of  Jacksonville,  111.,  daughter  of 
Rev.  J.  Hedenburg,  by  whom  he  had  six  children, 
four  now  alive,  John  A.,  Nettie,  Frank  H.  and 
E.  Johnson.  He  does  an  extensive  trade  in  regalia  all 
over  the  Western  States  and  Territories,  and  in  the 
decorative  branch  of  his  business  makes  a  peculiar 
specialty  of  wood  graining.  Mr.  Bush  has  been  for 
twenty-seven  years  a  member  of  the  Grand  Lodge  of 
Odd  Fellows,  and  has  held  all  the  offices  in  it  up  to  that 
of  grand  warden,  which  he  has  filled  for  the  past  two 
years  ;  has  been  deputy  to  the  Grand  Lodge  from  Co- 
lumbia Lodge,  No.  21,  of  Peoria,  for  sixteen  years.  His 
parents  are  still  alive  and  reside  in  the  city.  His  father 
is  eighty-three  years  of  age  and  never  wore  glasses  in 
his  life,  and  his  mother  is  eighty. 
Bush  Wm.  H.  painter,  N.  Jefferson  street. 

BUSH  WILLIAM  R.  (of  Bush  &  Brown), 
distillers,  foot  lower  Russel  street. 

BUSHXELL  ALVIN  W.  manufacturing 
cement,  sewer  pipes,  and  dealing  in  cement,  lime,  plas- 
ter, hair,  422  S.  Washington  street,  was  born  on  the  8th 
day  of  January,  1815,  in  Green  county,  N.  Y.;  remained 
there  until  1S37,  when  he  came  to  Peoria  county,  111., 
and  settled  on  a  farm  in  Radnor  township;  remained 
there  until  1849,  when  he  went  to  Chicago  and  en- 
gaged in  the  grocery  business,  and  continued  in  the 
same  until  1851,  when  he  came  to  Peoria  and  embarked 
in  the  lumber  trade,  which  he  followed  for  several 
years.  Married  Miss  Jennett  Case,  July,  1841. 
She  was  a  native  of  Oswego  county,  N.  Y.,  and  came 
to  Peoria  in  1836.  Mrs.  B.  is  a  member  of  the  Baptist 
Church  and  has  been  since  1849.  Mr.  B.  was  elected 
supervisor  two  successive  terms,  in  1862-3.  During  the 
war  was  chairman  of  the  committee  for  disbursing  funds 
in  aid  of  soldiers'  families,  and  paid  out  about  twenty- 
five  thousand  dollars. 

Butler  J.  brickyard.  North  street. 
Butte  A.  painter,  res.  1406  Perry  street. 

BUTTS  CHARLES  E.  dealer  in  coal, 
lime,  cement  and  fire  brick,  512  S.  Adams  street,  was 
born  in  Tremont,  Tazewell  county.  111.,  April  10,  1848, 
and  is  the  son  of  George  and  Catherine  (Thompson) 
Butts.  His  father  was  a  native  of  England  and  his 
mother  of  Ireland  ;  was  raised  in  native  place  until 
eleven  years  of  age,  when  he  removed  with  his  mother 
to  El  Paso,  where  he  attended  school,  and  in  1866  be- 
gan life  as  a  r.iilroad  man,  p.issing  successively  through 


634 


HISTORY   OF   PKORIA    COUNTY 


the  grade*  of  brakeman,  freight  conductor  and  train 
dispatcher  for  the  P..  P.  &  J.  R.  R.  Co.,  and  holding 
the  last  position  for  four  years.  He  was  altogether 
twelve  years  railroading.  He  married  in  Peoria,  April 
15.  i86g.  Miss  Mary  Burl,  daughter  of  Mrs.  Ellen  W. 
Burt,  of  Peoria.  His  wife  was  bom  in  Ohio,  Sept.  17, 
1853.  and  has  borne  him  one  child,  Ella,  bom  June  10. 
1870,  and  who  died  March  17,  1871.  He  began  his 
present  business  March  6.  1873.  and  has  for  its  carrying 
on  large  yards  and  sheds  in  rear  of  above  number, 
where  he  keeps  a  large  stock  of  his  goods.  He  is  also 
agent  for  Laflin  &  Rand's  sporting  and  blasting  powder. 

Uye  R.  T.  Krucer,  cur.  SjirliiK  ftn<l  Adams  street. 

l-ahlll  P.  K.  rn.  605  Klftti  »lrc*L 

CalUwell  (ifo.  A.gralrit;r,  res.  107  Kvaus street. 

Calhoun  Jubn  H.  rea.  114  EbIou  street. 

t^aliaiian  Usiile,.  miller,  res.  1373  S.  Adams  street. 

CALLAHAN'  DENNIS,  (deceased),  res. 
137  North  street. 

Callahan  Sarah,  res.  137  North  strei't. 

I'allBbaii  John,  res.  211  N.  Monroe  street. 

Calleniler  Elliott  1  Robln.ion  .t  Co.  1  res.  400  N.  .Monroe  street. 

C'alleKan  D.  J.  b<Mt.n  anO  slini-s,  log  S.  Adams  streeL 

Calllsta  Jiftin,  res.  Kills  sliefl. 

Caltcott  W.  H.  ri-».  114  W.  Klliabelh  street. 

Camlillii  Win.  tinner.  N.  JelTersun  Isl  above  Adams  street. 

CAMPBELL  ALBERT  D.  grain  and 
feed,  416  Fulton  street,  was  born  in  Tazewell  county, 
III.,  L)cc.  22,  1850.  and  in  1855  came  to  Peoria,  where 
he  has  resided  since.  Married  Miss  Rebecca  J.  Gale  on 
the  25th  day  of  Dec.  1871.  She  was  a  native  of  Ohio. 
They  were  blessed  with  two  children,  one  of  whom  is 
living.  Mr.  Campbell  is  now  weighmaster  of  Peoria 
city,  and  has  been  for  three  years,  attends  to  it  in  con- 
nection with  his  grain  and  feed  businss. 

fampen  J.  M.  res.  687  W.  Jefferson  street. 
Canover  N.  .s,  hurkster,  res.  '.fl.*>  H.  liunfflas  street. 
Cantelu  V.  lH>ol(kee|>er.  226  s.  WathliiKtun  street. 
CarrlKaii  Jutin.  431  Itutler  street. 
Carroll  K.  Mn,  res.  IIOH  -'*.  Adams  street 
Carney  John,  teaiunter.  res.  214  Kettelle  street. 

CARSON  W,  B.  photographer,  cor.  Jeffer- 
son and  Hamilton  streets,  was  born  in  Adams  county, 
Ohio,  in  1832.  John  Carson  and  Rachel  Bean,  his 
parents,  were  both  natives  of  that  county,  and  both 
rocked  in  the  same  "  sugar  trough  "  in  a  block  house  in 
Manchester.  Mr.  C.  spent  his  boyhood  on  a  farm,  and 
wa-s  educated  in  North  Liberty  College,  in  Adams 
county;  taught  school  from  1851  to  1S63  ;  began  learn- 
ing photography  in  1857  ;  devoteil  his  attention  to  it 
with  a  little  insurance  business  from  1863  till  l86<),  and 
from  then  till  August  I,  1878,  did  an  exclusive  insurance 
business ;  has  been  engaged  in  photography  at  his  pres- 
ent place  since  that  time.  He  came  to  Illinois  and 
settled  in  Washburn,  Woodford  county,  in  1857  ;  went 
thence  to  Minonk  the  next  year  and  remained  two 
years  ;  was  in  El  Paso  from  l86u  to  18&9,  when  he  rc- 
moveil  tn  Peoria.  September  29,  1854,  Mr.  C.  married 
Fancherry  Bartholamew.  a  native  of  Brown  county,  O., 
by  whom    he  has  three  living  children.  Ella.  Alice  M., 


and  Robert  L.  M.  Mr.  C.  i^  a  member  of  A.  F.  &  A. 
M.,  and  himself  and  wife  of  the  Baptist  Church. 

C.\RL  MICHAEL,  restaurant  (Union  depot), 
was  born  in  France.  May  2,  1844,  emigrated  to  the 
United  States  in  1866,  and  settled  in  Chillicothe.  Ohio, 
and  remained  there  about  five  years;  went  back  to  his 
native  country,  and  remained  about  6fteen  months ; 
then  returned  to  this  country  and  located  in  Peoria,  111., 
and  embarked  in  his  present  business.  .Married  Miss 
Barbara  Merkcl,  Feb.  29.  1S76,  a  native  of  Ohio,  and 
came  to  Peoria  in  1S7S.  They  have  three  children,  all 
girls.     They  are  both  members  of  the  Catholic  Church. 

CARROLL  FR.\NCIS  C.  wholesale  and  re- 
tail dealer  in  ice.  104  Fayette  street,  son  of  Francis 
and  Ann  Maria  (Lane)  Carroll,  natives  of  Ireland,  who 
came  to  this  countr)-  about  1S20,  and  settled  in  St. 
Johnsbury,  Vt.  where  he  raised  a  family  ol  eight  chil- 
dren, six  boys  and  two  girls.  The  subject  of  this  sketch 
was  the  third  son.  born  on  the  l/ih  day  of  November, 
1842  ;  learned  the  trade  of  iron  molder,  and  when  ten 
years  of  age.  went  with  his  parents  to  Richmond,  Can- 
ada East,  where  his  father  engaged  in  the  foundry  busi- 
ness on  his  own  account,  and  remained  twelve  years. 
In  the  Fall  of  1S66  went  to  Boston,  where  he  followed 
his  trade  a  year.  In  January,  1S67,  came  to  Peoria  and 
was  employed  a  year  in  a  stove  foundry  for  Cutter  & 
Proctor.  In  1868  embarked  in  the  foundry  as  ihe  firm 
of  O'Rorke  &  Co.,  where  he  remained  until  that  Fall. 
Jan.  1877.  commenced  in  the  ice  business,  in  which  he 
still  continues,  Has  a  capacity  of  storing  3.000  tons, 
and  intends  to  double  it  the  following  season.  .Mar- 
ried Miss  Martha  E.  Clough  ;  she  was  born  in  Ireland, 
Sept.  27.  1843.  They  had  four  children,  two  of  whom 
are  living.  Annie  .\.  and  Louis  J.  Members  of  the 
Catholic  Church. 

CARTWRKiHT    W  II^LIAM.  livery,  feed 

and  sale   stable.    1 14   S.  Jeticrsun  street,  was   bom   in 

England.  April    30.   1821.  and   when   thirty  years  old, 

emigrated  to  the  United  Slates  and  located   in  Peoria. 

where  he  has  ever  since  resided.     He  married,  in  1855, 

.\nn  Harrison,  a  country  woman  of  his  own,  by  whom 

he  has  had  two  children,  one  of  each  sex.      He  has 

been  engaged   in  his   present  business  since  1863.  and 

has  succeeded  in  establishing  quite  a  large  and  lucrative 

one. 

Carty  I".  N.  cattle  dealer.  Nlork  >»r<l«. 
I'arly  r.  res.  Linden  street. 

tWUY  JOIIX,   >I.I>.  301  Franklin  «trecl. 

CiwMti  t»rtvM  W    •.)'i<-W«Tnlt h.  19M  N.  JpITrnwii  »lr<»or 

<-.i  -  ■  ••  ,■         -      • 

('..■  1  III  ulrrrl, 

(    .>  U   KTi'lltir. 

{•.\\ ...    •   ^  .    (Ki  N,  Munn»*  »lr»«l. 

rii.iiii..i»  J    A   I.*  :.iM>  I -tw  ::»  \u«*rr 

ch.-iiiti"!**)  (t  H  )M>iikki'<)f>i.  ri'«.  i-iir.  IInIp  «nd  JackBon  Mrmlt. 

rhn|>tiian  M    sroi-rr.  llr.'.'i.S    AiUltio  ulrfol. 
I'liurvatii  \V    iKHit  aii>l  nimf tiiakrr.  '^07  Kullon. 

CHAItLES  IIALLER  E.  U.S.  ganger. 
<"H.\SE   lie  \    .1.    ICov.  res.  217  Taylor  street, 


PEORIA  CITY  DIRECTORY. 


635 


was  born  Dec.  7,  1834,  in  the  town  of  Clarkson,  Mon- 
roe county,  N.  Y.,  but  was  raised  in  Orleans  county. 
N.  Y.,  and  educated  at  the  Medina  Academy.  In  1S55. 
his  father  moved  to  Cook  county,  111.,  where  he  followed 
merchandising  and  school  teaching  until  the  breaking 
out  of  the  war.  Enlisted  June  17,  1S61,  in  the  igth  111. 
Vol.  as  second  sergeant  ;  served  nearly  two  years  ;  was 
discharged  for  disability.  He  again  resumed  merchan- 
dising until  1867,  when,  at  the  earnest  solicitation  of 
the  church,  he  entered  the  ministry,  his  first  labor  be- 
ing performed  at  Mishawaka,  Ind.,  during  1867  and 
1S68.  He  was  regularly  ordained  to  the  ministry  in  Chi- 
cago, in  1868  ;  was  called  to  take  charge  of  the  Church 
of  Christ  in  LaPorte,  in  January,  1S69,  and  resigned  in 
1S71.  to  go  to  Pittsburgh,  Pa.  In  Oct.,  1872,  at  the 
earnest  solicitation  of  the  church  in  Peoria,  he  accepted 
their  call,  of  which  congregation  he  is  still  pastor.  Mr. 
Chase  united  with  the  Church  of  Christ,  and  was  bap- 
tized at  Batavia  in  Fox  river,  in  1857.  He  has  held 
revival  meetings  in  many  of  the  States  and  three  of  the 
British  provinces.  Besides  hundreds  who  have  come 
into  the  church  here,  he  has  received  nearly  five  hun- 
dred converts  elsewhere  during  his  present  pastorate. 
Clildester  Ja.s.  \V.  plasterer,  res.  306  Perry  street. 

CHEEVER  D.  A.,  M.  D.,  419  Hamilton 
street,  who  has  been  one  of  the  leading  physicians  in  the 
homeopathic  school  of  practice  in  Central  Illinois,  for 
over  a  quarter  of  a  century,  is  the  eldest  of  eight  chil- 
dren of  Daniel  and  Alice  E.  Cheever  nee  Henry,  and 
was  born  in  Providence,  R.  I.,  in  1S27.  where  the  first 
fifteen  years  of  his  life  were  spent,  chiefly  at  school  and 
in  his  father's  dry  goods  store.  In  1S42  he  came  to 
Cincinnati,  Ohio,  and  learned  the  business  of  manufac- 
turing lard  oil,  and  in  1845  went  into  a  wholesale  dry 
goods  house  in  that  city  with  his  father ;  began  the 
study  of  medicine  there  and  completed  the  course  in 
New  York  city,  graduating  from  the  New  York  Homeo- 
pathic Medical  College  in  1853.  The  following  year 
he  came  to  Illinois,  and  located  in  practice  in  Peoria  ; 
has  since  practiced  in  Pekin,  Tazewell  county,  and  in 
Champaign,  Champaign  county,  having  removed  to  the 
latter  place  to  educate  his  children  ;  returned  to  Peoria 
in  July,  1877.  While  living  in  Pekin,  during  the  dark 
days  of  the  rebellion,  the  Doctor,  in  conjunction  with 
George  Harlow,  Secretary  of  State,  projected  and  or- 
ganized the  first  Union  League  established  in  the 
United  States,  as  the  history  of  that  organization  shows. 
Dr.  C.  has  ever  been  a  strict  adherent  and  zealous  ad- 
vocate of  homeopathy,  and  stands  high  among  that 
branch  of  the  profession.  He  married  Sarah  R  Walker, 
a  native  of  New  Hampshire,  in  1852,  and  four  children 
are  the  fruit  of  their  union.  Their  names  aie  Alice, 
Mrs.  Bryan,  George  H.  and  Emily  C.  Thi-y  are  both 
members  of  the   M.   E.  Church. 

('LARK     E.     M.     machinist,   res.  309  Morgan 


street,  son  of  T.  G.  and  Eve  Clark.  Father  born  in 
Rutland,  Vt.,  and  mother  in  Pennsjlvania.  The  subject 
of  this  sketch  was  born  in  Indiana  county.  Pa.,  April 
9,  1845  ;  came  to  this'county  in  1859;  enlisted  in  1862 
in  the  94th  I.  V.  I.,  Co.  L,  Col.  Wood  ;  was  in  the  bat- 
tles of  Nashville,  .Stone  River,  Resaca,  Dalton,  Ga., 
where  he  was  wounded  by  a  shell  in  the  leg;  in  1S64 
re-enlisted  in  the  151st  regt.,  Co.  E,  Col.  Woodhall. 
Married  Miss  Sarah  J.  Brownell.  She  was  born  in 
Washington  county,  N.  Y..  in  1844;  three  children, 
IdaH.,  Willis  and  Alta. 

Clark  Geo.  C.  res,  513  Sixth  street. 

Clark  Horace,  pnipr.  Home  Mills,  res.  118  illgli  street. 

Clark  S.  R.  res.  113  High  street. 

Clark  S.  S.  distiller,  res.  Seveiitli  avenue. 

Clark  M.  res.  Seveiitli  avenue. 

Clarkson  E.  res.  207  N.  Monroe  street. 

Claugli  L.  D.  commercial  Irav.  103  N.  Washington  street. 

cliiusoTi  ,1.  .J.  tinner.  1157  .s.  Adams  street. 

cl,-K^'  .loscpli,  res.  ICnoxviile  road. 

(■|cvi.l;iM.l  A.  .J.  casliier  C.  C.  H.  R.  R.  Co. 

Clel:iiid  H.  U.  res.  117  Park  place. 

Cierkiii  P.  stock  dealer,  res.  605  Plank  road. 

Clifton  Enos  T.  teaming.  1618  N.  Jelferson  street. 

Cochran  J.  W.  attorney.  Vi\  S.  Adams  street. 

Cockle  W.  post  master,  res  cor.  Jackson  atul  Monroe  streets. 

Cody  James,  lahorer.  816  Second  street. 

Cody  M.  J.  holler  works.  S.  Water  street. 

Coftee  H.  T.  pliysiciau.  702  Main  street. 

COFFEY  PETER,  superintendent  of  gas 
works,  res.  cor  Madison  and  Hancock  streets,  was  born 
in  the  county  of  Monaghan,  Ireland,  in  1831  ;  came  to 
America  in  1850;  spent  nearly  four  years  in  New  York 
city,  working  at  the  plumbing  and  gas  fitting  trade  ; 
thence  came  to  Cincinnati,  O.,  and  remained  for  a  time  ; 
went  to  St.  Louis  and  remained  nearly  two  years ;  lo- 
cated in  Bellevi  le.  111.,  in  1856,  and  superintended  the 
gas  works  there  until  1874,  when  he  came  to  Peoria, 
and  has  since  held  his  present  position.  Mr.  Coffey 
married  Mary  Ann  McDowall,  in  :86i,  born  also  in 
Ireland.  They  have  no  children.  Both  are  members 
of  the  Catholic  Church.  They  own  the  homestead  in 
which  they  reside. 

Colburn  E.  M.  physician,  res.  207  S.  Jefferson  street. 

Colhurn  W.  P.  wholesale  drugs.  218.  220.  222  S.  Washington  st. 

Cole  Addle,  cor.  Hamilton  and  Washington  streets. 

Cole  C.  clerk  316  S.  Water  street,  res.  1354  S.  Adams  street. 

COLEMAN  ALBERT,  contractor  and 
builder,  504  Fifth  street,  was  born  in  Dover,  Stafford 
county,  N.  H.,  July  7,  1833,  and  is  the  son  of  Calvin 
Coleman  and  Phebe  Card,  natives  of  Dover  ;  was  raised 
and  educated  there,  and  when  nineteen  years  old  came 
to  Boston,  and  there  learned  the  trade  of  bricklayer, 
working  at  it  for  three  years,  and  then  came  West  to 
Illinois  and  settled  in  Peoria,  where  he  has  since  re- 
sided, except  during  a  trip  of  five  years'  duration  to 
California  across  the  plains,  which  he  took  in  1861, 
working  at  his  trade  in  Sacramento  and  oilier  places  in 
that  State.  On  his  return  to  the  East  he  revisited  hia 
native  place,  and  there  married.  April  6.  1866.  Miss 
Sarah  A.  Palmer,  a  native  of  Boston,  Mass.,  by  whom 
he  has  had  four  children,  three  now  alive.  Aildie  F„ 
Calvin,  Delia  (deceased),  and  Alice.  Brought  his  wife 
to  Peoria  after  marriage,  and  there  all  his  children  were 


636 


HISTOUY  OF  PEOIIIA   COUXTY. 


boni.  Mrs.  Coleman  is  a  member  of  Fiist  Baptist 
Church.  He  owns  his  residence  and  lot  at  above  num- 
ber, also  house  anil  lot  adjoining. 

Coleman  [x-niils.  lalrarcr  T.,  P.  *  W.  rrs.  Ill  .S4)ulh  »trt«t. 
Culemui  Juliii.  laborrr,  HI  South  ilrrrt. 
Coleman  Wm.  carpeiilrr.  ffs.  B04  lliirlbut  strerl. 
Colllsier  Frank  J.  boot  and  slio«  nifr.  Hi  N.  .\tlaau  streri. 

COLMEKY     A.     J.     restaurant   keeper. 
COLTON    W.    K.  architect,  124  N.  Adams  street. 

Comstook  Juliu.  TV*.  311  S.  Adams  street 
Cuuaugblou  Patrick,  n-s.  807  Klrit  street. 

COXIGISKY     JACOB,     of  Conigisky  Bro., 

108,  110  N.  .\dams  street,  was  born  at  Poland,  May  19, 

1840.  and  emigrated  to  the  United    Slates  in  1856.  and 

located    in  New  York,  wnere   he  remained   until  1864, 

when  he  came  to  Peoria  and  engaged    in  ihe  dry  goods 

business,  which  he   has  followed  since.     Married  Miss 

Bertha  Pearl    in    1870.     She    was  a  native  of  London, 

England,  and  came  to  this  country  in  1868.   They  have 

three   sons.     They  employ   eighteen    hands    in   their 

business.     The  Conigiskys  are  doing  a  fine  trade,  have 

a  fine  store  building  fronting  on  Adams  street,  and  do 

a  wholesale  and  retail  business  of   $100,000  to    $125  - 

(XX)  per  annum.     Mr.  C    is  a  member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F. 

Silas,  senior  partner  and  an    elder  brother,  came  to  the 

United  Stales  the   same    time  ;  have  been    together    in 

business  since  they  came  to  the  country. 

Connel  Thos.  labori-r.  ri-s.  IBll  .<.  Adams  streeU 

ruiiiiill  II  tfiimsiiT.  isn  s,  AiLims  str.-el. 

Connell  .Mrs.  M.  rrs.  .■*ta[v  m-ar-Stxlh  street. 

Coiiiiell  II.  laborer,  rvs.  IKIB  Third  street. 

Conners  John  II.  ri"«.  ••nO  North  street. 

Conner  Thos.  res.  Bil  First  sln-el. 

Conrad  Jo^.  ll..ondr.  C..K.I.4P.  re».  1018  N.  Mullson  atreet. 

Conrad  W.  res.  519  Hale  sin-el. 

Conroy  .M.  nrt- man.  res.  201  Ca«.H  streeL 

CONKAD  WILLIAM  (of  Conrad  &  Meyer) 
beer  bottlers,  no  S.  Adams  street,  was  bom  in  Crawford 
county,  Ohio.  August  29,  1838,  and  is  the  son  of  Jacob 
and  Mary  B.  Conrad,  who  ate  now  both  residents  of  Peo- 
ria county,  llecame  to  the  county  with  them  in  1S51, 
and  after  growing  up,  farmed  for  some  time  with  his 
father,  and  afterwards  followed  teaming  and  street 
sprinkling  for  about  thirteen  years,  and  then  became 
a.  member  of  Ihe  present  lirm.  He  was  married  in 
1867,  to  Miss  Elizabeth  Schners,  who  was  born  March 
25,  1849,  ''y  wl'otn  he  had  three  children — Anna  M., 
Maggie  and  Willis  P.  Mrs.  Conrad  i>  a  member  of 
Reformed  Kpiscopal  Church. 

Conroy  I'al  .  bollerinakcr   res.  418  Sleulienrllle  slreel. 
Conroy  I'alrlrk.  Imllir-niaker.  rr«.  807  .s.  Adami  street. 
Cook  Jtni'U,  rariM'tilei,  815  W.  .lelTerson  street. 
Cook  T.  II  .  tailor.  105  Adam«  llrii'L 

C001»I:K  &  TKNNHKY,  attorneys  at  law, 
323  Main  street.  Thu  firm  has  been  in  existence  only 
since  July.  1878,  but  Mr.  J.  K.  Cooper,  its  senior  mem- 
ber, has  practiced  law  in  Peoria  for  nearly  forty  years. 
He  was  born  in  Cuinbeiland  county,  Pennsylvania, 
November  <>,  18I4,  studied  law  in  Carlisle,  same  .  ouiity, 
and  cuiiiing  to  Peiiria,  began  its  prntlice.  He  was  a 
furmct  partner  of  the  late  Clias.  Ualluiice,  and  after  his 


death  continued  the  practice  for  some  time  alone.  Was 
later  associated  in  business  with  Mr.  H.  W.  Reynolds, 
and  then  successively  with  Mr.  Moss,  Mr.  L.  A.  Lap- 
ham,  and  Mr.  Bassett,  finally,  ondale  above  mentioned, 
with  his  present  partner.  Mr.  Tennery.  They  conduct 
a  large  practice  in  general  law  and  chancery  matters. 

COPES  JACOB  M.  United  States  ganger,  was 
bom  in  Tazewell  county,  Illinois,  in  1838.  Remained 
there  until  1 861,  when  he  volunteered  as  a  soldier  in 
Company  E,  47th  Illinois  Infantr)-,  and  seni'ed  three 
years.  Re-enlisted  and  served  until  18O6.  Was  mus- 
tered out  as  sergeant  major,  and  was  respected  by  all 
his  comrades.  Married  Miss  Clara  Waldron,  October 
4,  1870,  a  native  of  Peoria,  and  a  teacher  in  the  public 
schools  for  a  number  of  years.  One  child  b.essed  this 
union.  Mr.  C.  is  a  member  of  the  Masonic  Order  and 
the  G.  A.  R.  Mrs.  C.  is  a  member  of  the  Presbyterian 
Church, 

C4>9l«lla  John  J.,  laborer,  res.  308  First  street. 
Couch  A.  A.,  attorney.  •.'18  Fourth  street. 

COUCH  IlKlliaMAX,  physician  and  sur- 
geon.  800  N.  A  lains  street,  was  born  on  the  20th  day 
of  April,  1824.  in  Merrimack  county.  New  Hampshire, 
where  he  remained  until  1840.  then  went  to  Concord 
and  entered  upon  the  study  of  medicine  and  worked  at 
printing  business  as  a  means  of  support.  In  1843  went 
to  Boston  and  attended  his  fir>t  course  of  lectures,  and 
remained  two  years.  Then,  on  account  of  failing  health, 
traveled  abroad  three  years.  Came  to  New  Orleans. 
From  there  went  to  Wisconsin.  Married  AnnaParshal 
in  1848.  and  in  1850  came  to  Peoria  and  commenced 
the  publication  of  a  weekly  paper  called  the  I'tiuf  ef 
the  Ptcplf,  it  being  the  third  paper  published  in  Peoria. 
In  April,  1852.  his  first  wife  died,  and  in  1854  married 
Mrs.  M.  A.  Gilbert,  a  native  of  New  York  city,  who 
came  here  in  1 834.  The  fruit  of  this  marriage  was  two 
children  —  a  boy  and  girl.  .Mr.  H.  was  in  the  War  of 
the  Rebellion  about  18  mont'is;  has  pursued  the  prac- 
tice of  medicine  since.  His  family  are  members  of  the 
Congregational  Church.  While  in  South  Ameiica,  he 
went  aboard  a  ship  which  proved  to  be  a  slaver,  and 
while  on  a  trip  to  the  east  coast  of  Africa,  were  over- 
hauled  by  an  English  frigate  and  taken  into  Ca|>e  Town 
on  suspicion,  but  there  not  being  evidence  sufficient 
to  convict,  were  released. 

Coulson  W.  A.  ret,  118.**.   Jefferson  street. 
Cowell  II.  wall  ;iaper.  etc..  Kll  S.  Adams  alrerl. 
Cok  Jt>s   irardener,  res.  Knttwille  mad  n.   city. 
Cox  I..  rariM-nler.  215  Seventh  stffel. 

COX  WILLI.VM,  printer,  cor.  of  Hamilton  and 
Jeflerson  streets.  Was  l>orn  in  Somersetshire,  Eng- 
land, in  i8S7,  son  of  George  and  Ann  Cox,  n/'/  Mat- 
thews, also  natives  of  England  (Northampshiic), 
came  to  the  United  Slates  in  Jan.  1878.  stopped  at 
Rochester  eight  months,  thciicc  to  Peoria  in  Oct.  1878, 
and  established  the  job  pilnting  nfTice  of  Cox  &  Co. 
the  following  .Nov.  and  has  been  the  senior  partner  un- 


■•^y<j  _ 


"^  ^!^.: 


PEORIA. 


PEORIA   CITY   niRECTORY. 


fi37 


til  March  iSSo.  when  he  'iold  out  to  his  partner,  J-  N. 
KirUpatrick.  The  e'^tabli.-hmenl  has  liad  a  large  run 
of  business  from  the  ru-.-.t.  His  parents  have  emigrated 
since  he  came  and  now  own  a  farm  at  Harkers  Corners 
in  this  county.  There  are  ten  children  in  the  family 
all  now  in  this  country  save  one. 

CralR  Jane.  res.  104  Unn  street. 
Crawley  .tames,  res.  610  KnoxvlUe  road. 

CKATTY  THOMAS,  attorney  and  counsellor 
at  law,  of  the  firm  ofCralty  Brothers,  is  a  descendant 
of  Irish  parentage,  his  great  grandfather  having  emi- 
grated from  that  country  in  I"6o,  and  settled  in  I'enn- 
syKunia.  Mr.  Cratty's  grandfather  was  born  in 
Franklin  Co.,  Penn.,  and  fought  in  the  war  of  the 
Revolution.  William  Cratty,  the  father  of  Thomas, 
was  born  in  Butler  Co.,  Penn.,  June  20,  1S05,  but 
removed  to  Ohio  in  1814.  In  April,  1826  he  married 
Miss  Candice  Bennett,  who  was  born  in  Rhode  Island, 
Dec.  25,  1805.  She  was  the  mother  of  twelve  children, 
four  sons  and  eight  daughters,  two  of  the  former  and 
five  of  the  latter  living.  Mrs.  C.  died  in  Elmwood, 
Peoria  Co.,  Jan.  27,  1875.  Thomas  was  horn  in  Dela- 
ware Co.,  O.  His  early  education  was  limited,  chiefly 
to  the  Winter  terms  in  the  district  school,  while  the 
Summers  were  spent  in  labor  on  the  farm.  He  taught 
several  years  prior  to  1854,  made  a  tour  of  the  Southern 
States,  and  spent  some  time  there  in  teaching,  return- 
ing to  Illinois  in  1856;  engaged  in  farming  four  years, 
when  financial  reverses  compelled  a  change  of  avocation. 
Entered  the  Chicago  Law  School,  from  which  he 
graduated  in  1861,  and  was  immediately  admitted  to 
practice.  Poverty  necessitated  the  most  rigid  economy 
•  during  his  attendance  at  law  school,  and  he  was  com- 
pelled to  give  his  note  for  tuition,  payable  from  the  first 
moneys  earned  in  practice.  Mr.  Cratty  was  one  of  four 
graduates  selected  by  the  faculty  to  conduct  a  moot 
trial  at  a  public  exhibition  given  as  a  graduating  exer- 
eise.  He  began  practice  in  Elmwood  with  a  meager 
outfit,  and  one  law  book  as  a  library.  In  the  Fall  of 
1863  he  formed  a  partnership  with  W.  W.  O'Brien,  then 
a  prominent  attorney  of  Peoria,  which  lasted  three 
years  and  yielded  a  prosperous  business.  In  January, 
1872,  the  present  law  firm  of  Cratty  Brothers  was 
created,  by  the  admission  of  his  only  brother,  Josiah 
Cratty,  to  the  profession.  The  business  of  the  firm  has 
become  so  large  as  to  require  the  employment  of  sev- 
eral assistants,  one  a  short  hand  reporter.  Their  offices 
and  consultation  rooms  are  on  the  first  floor  of  their 
building  facing  the  Court-house  on  S.  Jefferson  street, 
and  are  among  the  finest  and  most  ample  in  the  West. 
In  journalism,  Mr.  C.  in  company  with  Leslie  Robi- 
son,  published  the  Peoria  Rcviiw,  a  Republican  news- 
paper, with  daily,  tri-weekly  and  weekly  editions,  in 
1871,  '72  and  '73  ;  but  finding  ii  detracted  too  largely 
from  professional  duties,  they   disposed    of  their  office 


and  outfit  in  the  latter  year.  He  helped  to  organize 
the  first  It.^cher's  Institute  in  Knox  Co. ;  the  Paper 
.M.mufacluring  Co.,  of  Elmwood  ;  the  Chamber  of  Com- 
merce Association  of  Peoria  ;  the  Merchant's  Exchange 
and  the  Peoria  Mercantile  Library,  and  their  success  is 
due  in  no  small  degree  to  his  judicious  counsel  and 
material  aid.  For  several  years  he  delivered  weekly 
lectures  before  the  students  of  Cole's  Commercial  Col- 
lege.    Mr.  C.  has  never  married. 

Josiah  Cratty  is  the  youngest  of  the  family  ;  wasborn 
in  Delaware  Co.,  O. ;  served  as  a  cavalry  soldier  in  the 
late  war.  part  of  the  time  as  Gen,  Sheridan's  body 
guard  ;  married  Libbie  M.  Earing  of  Peoria  in  1875, 
and  has  one  son. 

Cramer  J.  C.  insuranee  (Cramer  *  .Slevin  I.  res.  S19  McBean  st. 
Crawl  Rolit.  wagon  maker.  810  Main  street. 
Crawley  .Tames,  res.  610  Knoxville  road. 

CKEMER  BERNARD,  editor  and  proprietor 
of  the  Demokrat. 

Cress  .1.  P.  coal.  209  N.  Washington  street. 
Cross  \Vm.  res.  1508  N.  .Telferson  street. 
Cruger  Wm.  H.  res.  '.'13  S.  Jefferson  street. 
Crumplev  F.  .S.  restaurant,  res.  Ill  C^ss  street. 
Cultiertson  C.  C.  carpenter,  res.  410  Maple  street. 
Cullen  .\niiie.  res.  .108  Lavellle  street. 
Cullen  Jolin.  rags.  604  Joliiison  street. 

CUMMERFORD  M.  V.  B.  grocer.  327  Main 
street. 

CUMailNGS  DAVID  M.  (deceased)  late  of  the 
firm  of  Cummings  &  Emerson,  416  and  418  S.  W'ash- 
ington  street,  was  born  March  zg,  1824,  in  Oswego 
county,  N.  Y.,  one  of  nine  children,  the  country  was 
new  ;  there  were  no  luxuries  and  but  few  comforts, 
and  toil  was  the  portion  of  all  the  children  ;  and  David 
was  early  compelled  to  find  his  own  support.  He 
moved  to  Oneida  county.  N.  Y.,  when  quite  young,  and 
was  soon  familiar  with  all  the  duties  which  a  lad  can 
perform  on  a  farm.  When  he  was  l6  years  old  his 
mother  died  and  he  went  forth  from  home  to  make  his 
way  alone.  His  mother's  memory  clung  to  him  all 
through  his  life,  and  to  his  latest  breath  held  the 
warmest  place  in  his  heart.  When  Mr.  C.  left  home  he 
engaged  with  a  farmer  at  nine  dollars  per  month,  a 
moderate  sum  even  in  those  days.  He  found  no  fault 
with  his  wages,  doing  always  the  best  he  could,  consid- 
ering this  simply  honest  and  fair.  He  now  perceived 
the  necessity  of  an  education  which  the  hard  labor  of 
his  younger  days  had  forbidden,  and  not  quarreling 
with  his  fortune,  uselessly  repining  over  lost  time,  he 
set  himself  to  get  the  rudiments.  With  close  attention 
to  his  studies,  at  the  age  of  twenty-three,  offered  him- 
self as  teacher  and  taught  two  years  successfully  in 
Watervillc,  N.  Y.,  then  removing  to  Illinois  he  opened 
a  school  in  Peoria.  In  1850  he  was  among  the  ad- 
venturous young  men  who  were  flocking  to  California, 
for  one  year  followed  mining,  but  with  indifierent  suc- 
cess. His  quick  eye  perceived  that  money  was  to  be 
dug  out  of  the   earth  in  other   forms  than  those  ot  the 


688 


HIS.TOUY   OF  PEORIA    COUNTT 


jrellnw  metal.   He  planted  a  garden  and  fed  the  men  who 
laborei  in  the  mines.     During  the  four  years  in  Califor- 
nia be  accumulated  five  or  six  thoisand  dollars,  and  in 
1S54  returned  to  Peoria  and  entered  into  business.     In 
l8j3  he  undertook  a  hotel  in  Springfield,  III.,  and   lost 
every  cent    he  had   made  in  the  seven   preceding  years. 
Penniless  he  found  his  way  back  to  Peoria,  turning  his 
hands   to  what  offered   a   living.     In   the  beginning  of      ' 
he  war  he  enlisted  in  the    Illh   Illinois  Cavalry,  and       \ 
wa*  in  continual  service  until  1863,  when   he   resigned. 
Married     Miss    Eliza    llil)ben,    February    7,    1871.    at 
Hills!>')r  lugh,  Ohio,  whom    he  left  with  two    children. 
Mr.  C.  died  at   his    residence    in    Peoria,   Januar)'  25, 
1878,  in  the  54th  year  of  his  age. 
Cult«r  R  A.  res.  400  N.  .Madison  strf^t. 

CUXXIN<;iIAM  DANIEL,  blacksmith, cor. 
Washington  and  Hamilton  streets,  was  bom  in  the 
ounly  DuMin,  Ireland,  1S3Q.  Came  to  the  U.S.  in 
1850  and  located  in  Westchester  county,  N.  Y.,  and  in 
Peoria,  1857.  where  he  engaged  in  his  present  business. 
He  married  Miss  Ann  Henneberry,  Nov.  22.  1861. 
She  is  a  native  of  the  county  Kilkenny,  Ireland.  They 
hive  seven  children  :  Lizzie,  Daniel,  Annie,  John, 
Nicholas.  Nathan  and  Edward.  They  are  members  of 
the  Catholic  Church.  Mr.  Cunningham  was  elected 
school  director  in  1870,  and  supervisor.  1875.  lie  is  an 
accomplished  musician.  He  organized  theCecelian  Kand 
of  Peoria.  l86o.  which  he  disbanded  in  1861 — the  mem- 
bers going  into  the  army.  At  close  of  the  war,  the 
hand  was  reorganized  under  the  leadership  of  .Mr.  Cun- 
ningh.im.  He  is  a  whote-souled.  good-hearted  gentle- 
man, a  good  citizen  and  successful  business  man. 

CUNNINGHAM  J.  M.  res.  109  Second  street. 

Curllii  J    W.  719  I'nrpoiitRr  •ttrrffi, 

CurUlii  .lotiii.  hlack^inlth  T..  IV  A  W.  rr.n.  510  Klllott  street. 

Cutt<*rtaii  Jiiitit;!*.  IftlMtror.  4U6  8t.  James  RtrevC 

CUTRHIHT  THOMAS  V.  attorney  at  law. 
112  .N'.  .\d.ims  street,  was  born  in  Cliillicothe.  O..  Janu- 
ary 20,  l<^i;,  an<l  is  the  son  of  Nat.  and  Margaret 
(Veail)  Cutright.  His  father  was  a  native  of  Kayelte 
Ci>unly.  Ky..  and  his  mother  of  Hotetourt  county,  Va. 
He  was  raised  in  his  native  town  till  nineteen  years  of 
age,  then  removed  to  Kayette  county,  C,  with  his  parents 
and  four  brother*.  While  in  Chillicothe,  he  learned  the 
trade  of  cabinet-maker,  and  after  his  removal  to  Kay- 
ette county,  read  law  with  Judge  .\.  .S.  Dickie  for  one 
year.  Removing  to  Detroit,  Mich.,  he  worked  at  his 
trade  for  one  winter,  then  went  to  llrownsvillc.  Tex. ; 
read  law  for  fnur  months,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar 
in  the  Kail  of  1837.  He  came  to  Illinois  in  1847,  and 
settled  in  Chillicothe.  Peoria  county,  and  for  a  year  or 
two  practiced  law  and  worked  at  his  trade  at  the  same 
time,  but  in  later  years  devoted  his  whole  attention  to 
his  profession.  He  was  admitted  to  the  bar  of  Illinois 
.11  Peoria,  in  the  year   iS^S-      His    residence   in   Chilli- 


cothe extended  over  a  period  of  twenty-seven  years,  and 
he  removed  to  Peoria  in  1874.  He  was  city  attorney 
for  some  years  in  the  former  place,  and  has  filled  the 
office  of  justice  of  the  peace  in  Peoria.  He  married 
(1st)  in  Mt.  Sterling,  III..  Sept.  1842,  Miss  Maria  Ow- 
ens, a  native  of  Ohio,  by  whom  he  had  one  child,  I.e- 
Grand  B.  Cutright,  who  was  killed  at  the  battle  of  Pea 
Ridge.  His  wife  died  in  .August,  1843,  and  he  married 
(2d)  in  Richmond  Dale.  Ross  county.  O.,  April.  1849, 
Mrs.  Mary  .\nn  Moffitt.  a  native  of  Ireland,  by  whom 
he  had  three  children,  all  living  :  Nathaniel  S.,  James 
M.  and  John  W.  She  died  in  Chillicothe.  111.,  in  March. 
1859.  and  he  married  (3d)  in  the  same  place.  April.  1861, 
Miss  Annie  T.Collins,  a  native  of  Wicklow.  Ireland, 
by  whom  he  has  had  four  children,  two  now  alive  :  The- 
odore V.  and  .\lice  T.  Mr.  Cutright  is  in  politics  a 
Jackson  Democrat. 

CUTTKH  WM.  117  S,  Washington  street,  of 
the  firm  of  Wrigley  &  Cutter.  Is  the  son  of  Isaac  and 
Sarah  (Metcalf)  Cutter.  Father  was  a  native  of  Ver- 
mont ;  mother,  of  Ohio.  They  came  to  Illinois  at  an 
early  day.  where  the  subject  of  this  sketch  was  born  on 
the  nth  day  of  February,  1844.  Received  his  educa- 
tion in  Delphos,  O..  where  he  was  sent  to  live  with  an 
uncle.  When  twcniy-scvcn  years  of  age.  he  enlisted  in 
the32d  Ohio  Infantry.  Co.  C,  mustered  at  (Camp  Deni- 
son.)  O.  Was  in  the  engagement  at  Cheat  Mountain, 
and  in  the  Shenandoah  Valley,  Va.  Was  taken 
prisoner,  with  Ljooolhers.  at  Winchester,  in  the  Spring 
of  1862.  Was  in  I.ibby  Prison  five  and  one-hall 
months,  was  paroled,  took  the  small  pox.  and  was 
sent  to  Annapolis.  Was  a  mere  skeleton,  weighing 
only  no  pounds,  when  he  got  into  Federal  ranks. 
Thence  sent  to  Ohio,  until  he  was  exchanged  and  joined 
his  regiment  at  Chattanoog.i.  ami  was  appointed  orderly 
sergeant.  (Before  being  taken  prisoner,  was  appointed 
division  postmaster,  which  he  held  at  that  time.  Was 
suspected  of  being  .in  officer,  and  for  that  reason  was 
kept  in  solitary  confinement  for  forty-eight  hour>.) 

Was  at  Atlanta,  where  he  helped  to  build  the  breast- 
works; and  at  its  surrender,  which  was  the  la.M  of  his 
soldiering.  Returned  to  French  drove,  in  this  county, 
where  he  taught  school  for  one  winter  and  then  came 
to  Peoria,  where  he  attended  Cole's  Commercial  Col- 
lege. In  1S65  or  66.  engaged  for  (Ico.  McClellan.  Auer 
&  White,  as  clerk,  where  he  remained  four  years. 
Then  engaged  in  the  grocery  business  in  company  with 
Auer.  firm  Auer  &  Cutter.  Mr.  Wrigley  having  bought 
Mr.  Auer's  interest,  the  firm  is  known  as  Wrigley  <V 
Cutter.  Carry  a  stock  of  |i5.0ix>,  and  do  a  business  of 
|tSO,ooo  per  year.  Married  Miss  Jennie  Wrigley  Oct. 
ao,  1869.  She  was  born  in  Peoria  county.  The  fruit 
of  this  marriage  is  three  children:  .\nna,  Charlie 
and  May. 
nallftX  John.  rootH*r,  ItJlO  N.  Macllton  »irr<>i. 


\ 


-^^ssr* 


f? 


r  \ 


PEORIA 


PEORIA  CITY   DIRECTORY. 


630 


DAILEY  JOHX,  slioemakcr.  res.  3i7lj  N. 
Adams  street.  Son  of  Joseph  and  Mai  y  Dailcy.  W.ns 
born  in  Hampshire  county,  Mass.,  May  25.  182S.  Emi- 
jjrated  with  his  parents,  when  he  was  five  years  old,  to 
York  State.  In  1847,  enlisted  in  Co.  E,  Third  Dragoons, 
Capt.  Wm.  H.  Duff.  Mustered  in  at  New  York,  and 
received  a  bounty  of  $12  and  got  $S  per  month.  Land- 
ed at  Vera  Cruz  in  June.  Thence,  under  command  of 
den.  Perco,  to  Pueblo,  where  they  joined  Gen.  Scott. 
Thence,  to  the  Valley  of  Mexico,  where  they  partici- 
pated in  the  battle  of  Contreras,  and  acted  as  Gen. 
Scott's  body  guard.  Thence,  to  Cherubusco,  where 
they  were  led  by  Gen.  Harney.  Thence,  to  the  City  of 
Mexico,  where  they  took  quarters  in  the  halls  of  Mon- 
tezuma. Was  on  the  raid  with  Gen.  Joseph  Lane,  in 
pursuit  of  the  guerrilla  Garouta.  In  the  Spring  of  1048. 
thirty  men  were  taken  out  of  his  command,  and  the 
same  number  of  Capt.  Porter's  mounted  riflemen,  who 
escorted  Seward  and  Clifford  to  Yurretero  on  their 
commission  to  ratify  a  treaty.  Thence,  back  to  Mexico 
City.  Rode  from  Mexico  to  Vera  Cruz,  three  hundred 
miles,  in  three  days,  escorting  Maj.  Polk,  who  took  the 
report  to  Washington.  Thence,  back  to  New  Orleans 
and  St.  Louis,  where  he  was  mustered  out,  Aug.,  184S. 
Thence,  to  New  York  State,  and  in  1849  came  to  Peo- 
ria county.  Married  Miss  Ann  Wright.  She  was  born 
in  Ireland.  Mr.  Dailey  moved  to  Kansas,  where  he 
lost  his  wife  in  i860.  From  there,  went  via  New  Or- 
leans to  Boston,  oiLboat,  the  first  transport  leaving  New 
Orleans  after  Butler  arrived  there.  Enlisted  in  the  28th 
Regiment,  Mass.  Vols.,  Co.  K.  Joined  the  regiment  at 
Frederick  City,  Md.,  participating  in  the  battles  of 
South  Mountain,  Antietam,  and  Fredericksburg,  where 
he  was  wounded  through  the  thighs  and  was  taken  to 
Emery  Hospital,  Washington,  D.  C,  where  he  was 
discharged. 
Dally  John  M.  res.  712  Hale  street. 

I>AILiY  M.  C.  Chief  of  Police,  City  Hall,  was 
born  in  county  Kerry.  Ireland,  Dec.  10,  1S42,  and  is 
tbe  son  of  Martin  Daily  and  Catharine  Horgan,  natives 
of  that  county.  When  about  eight  years  of  age  he 
came  to  America  with  his  parents,  landing  at  New 
York.  They  settled  at  Middletown,  Conn.,  and  re- 
sided there  for  eight  years,  where  he  received  his  edu- 
cation. In  1858  he  came  to  Peoria.  He  enlisted  in 
April.  1861,  in  Co.  A,  17th  111.  Vol.  Inf.  under  Captain 
Norton,  and  served  with  his  reginent  till  June  2,  1864, 
on  which  date  he  was  mustered  out  at  Springfield,  111. 
He  took  part  in  the  battles  of  Frederickstown,  Mo.,  Ft. 
Henry,  Ft.  Donelson,  Pittsburgh  Landing,  Corinth, 
Vicksburgh  and  many  others.  He  married,  June  22, 
1867,  in  Peoria,  Miss  Mary  A.  Hanlon,  a  native  of  this 
county,  and  daughter  of  Timothy  Hanlon,  by  whom  he 
has  had  three  childien  —  two  now  alive:  Maggie  E., 
Katie,  and  Martin  C.  (deceased).     He  worked  at  vari- 


ous occupations  for  some  time  ;  kept  a  saloon  for  many 
years.  He  received  the  appointment  ofCliiefof  Police 
January  i,  1874,  and  has  since  filled  that  ofiicc.  except 
during  the  years  1876  and  1877,  proving  himself  one  of 
the  most  vigilant  and  efficient  officers  the  city  has  ever 
had.  He  owns  his  residence  and  lot  on  Caroline  street, 
and  himself  and  wife  are  members  of  the  Catholic 
Church. 

Daily  Peter,  boot  and  shoe  maker.  1629K  S.  A<l,inis  street. 

Dalrsmon  G.  toys,  etr.  413  Main  street. 

Daley  J.  laborer,  res.  60"i  Hurlltut  street. 

Dalton  .tas.  fireman.  l:i7  Irvinp  street. 

Palton  John,  potter.  Cross  street. 

Dalv  C.  S.  solicitor.  National  Democrat. 

Daniels  D.  N.  finisher,  116  Main  .street. 

Daniels  H.  M.  painter,  802  S.  WashloKton  street. 

Daniels  Thos.  saloon.  804  S.  WashniKton  street. 

Daniels  Wm.  grocer,  cor.  Main  and  Hale  streets. 

Darmody  T.  res.  Newgate  avenue. 

DARST  JACOB,  real  estate  dealer  and  cap- 
italist, res.  cor.  Monroe  and  Fayette  streets  ;  is  one  of 
Peoria's  early  settlers  and  most  successful  businessmen. 
He  was  born  in  Meigs  county,  Ohio,  on  Septeml)er  16, 
1815.  At  the  age  of  seventeen  his  father  gave  him  his 
time,  and  he  started  out  in  life  with  fifty  cents  of  cash 
capital;  wo;ked  on  the  Ohio  canal  until  he  earned  8:50, 
then  labored  several  months  in  the  iron  works  at  Ports- 
mouth, O.;  was  then  employed  a  year  for  the  Kenawha 
salt  works  in  West  Virginia,  boating  salt  down  the 
Ohio  river.  Mr.  D.  enjoyed  very  meager  school  ad- 
vantages; but  acute  observing  powers  and  retentive 
memory  have  rendered  him  well  informed.  He  early 
imbibed  the  maxim  that  "  time  is  money."  and  acted 
accordingly.  In  June,  1S35,  Mr.  Darst  came  to  Pe- 
oria; quarried  stone  on  the  Kickapoo  for  a  time;  then 
clerked  in  a  general  store  for  Aquilla  W'ren.  in  Peoria, 
six  months  ;  afterwards  engaged  in  coal  mining  and 
breaking  prairie  with  ox  teams,  in  the  mean  time  trad- 
ing and  speculating,  and  in  1839  had  accumulated  $1,- 
500;  engaged  in  shipping  pork  and  produce  down  the 
Mississippi,  and  lost  his  entire  capital  by  a  devastating 
storm;  returned  to  Peoria  with  $13  in  his  pocket; 
hired  again  to  Mr.  Wren,  remaining  in  his  employ 
shipping  produce  three  years,  when  failing  health  com- 
pelled him  to  seek  the  country,  where  he  spent  two 
years  hunting.  Being  much  improved,  he  began  oper- 
ating in  coal  and  speculating  in  land,  in  which  business 
he  made  $15,000  in  five  years  ;  and  at  the  end  of  that 
time  embarked  in  the  dry  goods  trade  in  company  with 
-Mr.  Dougherty.  Not  being  pleased  with  the  reults, 
he  again  engaged  in  real  estate  business;  and  by  i860 
had  made  $100,000  above  a  living.  Mr.  D.has  amassed 
a  fortune  of  S350,ooo,  chiefly  in  Peoria  city  property, 
valuable  coal  mining  lands  and  Western  lands.  Mr. 
Darst  married  Catharine  M.  Dougherty  December  16, 
1839,  by  whom  he  had  eleven  children,  three  living. 
Mrs.  D.  died  March  12.  1861.  He  married  his  present 
wife,  formeily  Ellen  R.  Leonard,  of  Auburn,  N.  Y.,  in 
1863,  who  has  borne  him  one  child. 


640 


HISTORY   OF   PEORIA   COUNTY 


Dmuffherf  7-  Jatnea  M.  polire  msfftstrate. 
D»um  Jo«.  p^dUl^r.  rp«.  218  Third  street. 
DftTlilft'in  Jutili.  rari-^ntor.  1216  N.  Monroe  rtreet. 
Davit  Ja«.  K.  englni-er.  Water  Btreel.  Ft.  Gay. 

DAVIS  KOBEKT  S.  druggist,  125  Main 
street,  was  born  in  Selbyville,  Tenn.,  April  21,  l844- 
and  is  the  son  of  Thomas  L.  and  Eliza  Davis.  Mis 
father  was  a  native  of  Virginia  and  his  mother  of  Ire- 
land. In  1849  his  parents  removed  to  Peoria,  where 
he  grew  up  and  was  educated,  and  at  fifteen  years  of 
age  commenced  to  leain  the  drug  business  with  his 
brother,  with  whom  he  remained  till  1872,  when  he  be- 
gan business  for  himself  at  his  present  location.  He 
married,  in  1870,  Miss  Camilla  A.  Luther,  a  native  of 
Peoria,  whose  parents  were  very  old  residents  of  the 
city,  by  whom  he  has  three  children  —  Nellie,  born 
March  I,  1872,  Howard,  bom  November,  1875.  and 
Vida,  born  November,  1877.  He  has  a  good  business, 
and  carries  a  stock  of  about  $2,500.  Makes  a  rat 
poison  (phosphorus  paste)  which  is  remarkably  effective 
in  its  results,  and  of  which  he  has  quite  a  large  sale. 
He  owns  his  residence  and  lot  in  the  city. 

I)»Tln  Thon.  J.  rarpenter.  802  S.  Washlnirton  street. 

navls  T.  W.  iiiarhltiUt  T..  P.  A  W.  res.  310  St.  James  street, 

Dans  W.  H.  res.  714  Jackson  street. 

DAWS  LOUISA  Mrs.  re.s.  1601  N.  Jefferson 
street,  was  born  in  London,  England,  July  25,  1831. 
Came  to  this  country  in  1S36  with  her  parents,  who 
settled  in  Tazewell  county,  111.,  where  her  father  is  still 
living  on  the  same  place  where  he  located,  at  the  age  of 
eighty-four.  Mrs.  Daws  was  married  to  Frederick  \V. 
Aubury,  of  London,  Eng.,  on  the  17th  day  of  Fcbruar)-. 
1854.  Remained  in  Tazewell  county  until  1867  (Mr. 
Aubury  being  deceased).  She  married  Edward  Daws, 
of  Kent,  Eng.,  January  8.  1867.  when  they  came  to 
I'eoria  and  located.  Mr.  Dawes  was  a  cabinet  maker 
by  trade  and  soon  built  up  a  lucrative  business.  By 
industry  and  close  attention  to  business  accumulated  a 
fine  property  .ind  home.  Was  a  member  of  tile  Episco- 
pal Church  and  a  consistent  Christian,  and  loved  and 
respected  by  all  who  knew  him.  Mr.  Dawes  came  to 
Peoria  in  1834;  stayed  a  short  lime,  when  he  removeil 
to  Tazewell  county,  and  in  1854  returned  to  Peoria, 
where  he  remained  until  his  death. 

DAY  ItUOTIIKRS,  butchers.  1020  First  sireei. 
are  natives  of  New  Koss,  county  Wexford.  Ireland,  and 
came  to  America  and  Peoria  in  1872.  Their  mother 
died  December  22,  1876,  and  their  father  March  24, 
1880.  Their  parents  had  six  children,  two  daughers, 
now  deceased,  and  four  sons —  Nicholas,  Kichard.  Wil- 
liam A.  and  Patrick  F.  The  brothers'  slore  is  on  the 
corner  of  Fir>l  and  Elliott  streets.  They  also  trade 
largely  in  cattle.  All  are  members  of  the  Catholic 
Church. 

I>a>-  llini  A  (-4).  ilrv  |tno<U.  1  H  .1  HAS.  Adniiis  streeL 

llay  i'liaH.  II.  dr)  K*'<'d".  rrs.  200  Terry  street. 

Hay  ¥.1.  ri-«  40H  N   .Irltrrsoii  «lrrel. 

Day  lj>rklii  II.  ( II    II.  A  Cci.  I  res.  304  .\    MadUnn  street. 

Day  I.  I.  wholrulr  dry  Rnnds.  11.1  *  IISH.  Adams  street. 

Deal  Adam,  paliiter,  ris.  1008  ■>'.  Waaliliigton  street. 


DKANE  CIIAS.  H.  hotel  keeper,  "The  In- 
gersoU,"  coner  Hamilton  and  N.  Jefferson  streets,  was 
born  in  Taunton,  Mass.,  August  24,  1827,  and  is  the 
son  of  Jesse  Deane,  whose  ancestry  reaches  back  to  the 
oil!  Plymouth  Colony  in  1626.  and  thence  to  Somerset- 
shire. England.  His  life,  to  the  age  of  ten  years,  was 
spent  in  his  native  town  and  there  he  received  the  ad- 
vantages of  the  common  schools.  In  1837  he  removed 
with  his  family  to  Peoria,  and  has  resided  there  ever 
since,  with  the  exception  of  about  ten  months,  during 
the  Mexican  war  and  the  time  spent  in  the  army  during 
the  rebellion.  On  the  first  occasion  he  went  to  New 
Orleans  with  recruits  for  the  3d  111.  Regt.,  but  as  the 
war  terminated  about  the  lime  he  reached  New  Orleans 
he  went  no  lurther  than  that  city.  Shortly  after  his  re- 
turn he  ran  a  year  or  two  as  steward  on  a  river  steam- 
boat and  made  several  trips  to  New  Orleans  oft  flat 
boats,  afterwards  engaging  as  clerk  and  book-keeper  for 
various  firms,  until  November.  1857.  when  he  went  into 
business  for  himself,  dealing  in  clothing,  furnishing, 
regalia  and  secret  society  goods,  which  he  continued 
until  1861,  when  he  sold  out  and  went  into  the  army, 
entering  the  service  as  Ist  Lieut,  in  the  86  Regt.  I.  V.  I. 
under  cominand  of  Col.  D.  I).  Irons  of  Peoria  ;  served 
with  the  army  in  Kentucky.  Tennessee,  Georgia  and 
Alabama,  and  was  mustered  out  April  20,  1866  with 
the  rank  of  Brevet.  Lieut. -Colonel.  On  his  return  he 
opened  the  Metropolitan  Hotel,  then  just  completed, 
and  ran  il  till  March  I,  1S67,  when  he  sold  o»it  and 
bought  the  interest  of  A.  Freeman  in  the  Peoria  House. 
He  began  to  make  improvements  and  alterations  in  it, 
and  by  his  intense  energy  and  application  brought  it  to 
a  high  position  among  the  hotels  of  the  West. 

neiiars  11.  res.  1308  N    Mociroe  street. 
Die  fat,  res.  1008  Third  street. 

I>KGAI..  JOIIX,  blacksmith  and  wagon  maker, 

601  N.  .Vilams  street,  was   born  in  Germany  July  II. 

1825,  emigrated  to   America   in    1S57.  and   settled   in 

Chicago  and  was  there  about  three  years.      Thence  to 

St.  I.ouis  and   rem.iined  there  six  years.     In    1866  he 

came   10  Peoria  and  engaged  in   his  present   business. 

Was  married  in  St.  Louis  and  by  this  union  there  were 

four  children,  two  boys  and  two  girl.s.     His  brother, 

Edward,  came  to  this  country  wilh  him,  and  they  have 

been  in  partnership  since. 

DeloiiK  (■  f.  express  division  supl.  1008  N.  Jefferson  street 
DelwlR  Mrs    M.  714  N    M.mroi- slrrel 
l>en«-k<'  Mr*    M.  rrs.  211   Kim  ^Irr.-t 
l>en(re»  Aiitiui.  re*.  2(Ht  S,  Madison  street, 

I  ►  !•:  X  N  1;  11  V  1)  \  X  IK  K,  boot  and  shoe  maker 
and  dealer,  339  S.  .\dams  Miect,  was  born  in  county 
Cork,  Ireland,  in  1837,  and  is  the  son  of  Daniel  and 
Bridget  (Mc('arlhy)  Dcnnehy,  natives  o(  county  Cork, 
lie  came  alone  to  .America  when  fourteen  yeais  of  age, 
and  landed  at  New  Vork.  Keinaincd  in  Boston  for 
one  year  and  then  removed  to  Randolph,  Mass., 
where  he  learned  hit  trade,  and  worked  at  il  for  five  or 


PEORIA 


PEORIA   CITY   DIRECTORY. 


641 


six  years.  Removed  to  Oiiincy,  Mass.,  and  after 
rambling  around  a  good  deal  finally  came  to  Peoria  in 
•  the  Summer  of  1S74,  and  started  for  himself  at  custom 
work.  He  came  to  his  present  location  in  June,  1S77, 
and  at  that  time  laid  in  a  stock  of  ready  made  goods. 
He  married  July  8,  i860,  in  Randolph,  Mass.,  Miss 
Mary  Murphy,  a  native  of  county  Limerick,  Ireland, 
by  whom  he  has  had  seven  children,  four  now  living, 
Ellen  T.,  Mary  A.,  Annie  M.,  and  Daniel.  Mr. 
Dennehy  and  wife  are  members  of  the  Catholic  Church. 

nennis  c.  J.,  dentist  41.3  Main  street. 
Desmond  Marg.-xret.  res.  200  Cedar  street. 
I>etmers  (reorge.  teamster.  206  JIcReynoIds  street. 
Detwiler  .\.,  ice,  res.  405  X.  Monroestreet. 

DETWEILEK  HENRY,  wholesale  and  re- 
tail ice  dealer,  108  S.  Adams  street,  was  born  in 
Lorraine,  France,  on  the  Igth  of  June,  1825  ;  is  the  son 
of  Christian  and  Catherine  Detweiler  ttee  Schertz,  the 
former  a  native  of  Bavaria,  the  latter  of  France.  Mr. 
Detweiler,  sr.,  was  engaged  in  farming  and  milling,  and 
also  the  transfer  business,  in  which  he  amassed  quite  a 
large  fortune,  but  meeting  with  reverses  during  the  war 
ofl8l2and  1813,  from  which  he  never  recovered,  he 
died  in  1832,  in  straightened  circumstances.  In  the 
Spring  of  1S37,  Mr.  D.  immigrated  to  the  United  States 
with  his  mother  and  three  sisters,  landing  at  New  York 
aftera  voyage  of  sixty-eight  days  on  the  ocean.  Through 
the  instigation  of  an  older  brother,  John,  who  had 
located  in  Peoria  three  years  previously,  only  they  came 
on  to  this  city,  consuming  forty-two  days  on  the  route. 
The  mother  and  one  sister  died  the  following  year.  The 
two  first  years  after  his  arrival  Mr.  D.  worked  for  his 
brother,  and  attended  school  at  intervals  ;  then  clerked 
in  a  shoe  store  for  Charles  McLellen  on  Main  street; 
also  in  a  clothing  store  a  year  ;  and  on  April  15,  1S41, 
went  on  the  steamboat  "  Frontier,"  to  learn  piloting, 
under  Milton  Hasbrock,  where  he  remained  until  she 
collided  with  the  Panama,  at  3  A.  M.,  on  September  2, 
1842.  The  following  Spring  the  company  built  the 
new  steamer,  Chicago,  on  which  he  shipped  as  second 
pilot,  under  Mr.  Hasbrock,  till  the  Spring  of  1844, 
when,  that  boat  being  drawn  off  the  river,  he  went  on  to 
the  Raritan  in  the  same  capacity  ;  and  the  next  year 
took  tlie  position  of  first  pilot  on  the  new  boat.  Gov- 
ernor Briggs  ;  and  after  June,  1846,  ran  her  from  Ga- 
lena to  New  Albany,  on  the  upper  Mississippi,  as  a 
mail  and  passenger  boat.  In  the  Spring  of  1847  took 
her  through  a  course  of  repairs  at  St.  Louis,  and  put 
her  into  the  trade  between  that  city  and  Alton.  For 
several  years  following  Mr.  D.  officiated  as  pilot  or 
captain  on  a  number  of  steamboats  ;  became  joint  owner 
of  the  "  Movaster"  in  1856  ;  in  1857  sold  her,  and  in 
185S,  the  sole  proprietor  of  the  Minnesota.  In  the 
Spring  of  1862  he  went  into  the  government  service  as 
master  of  the  "Jenny  Lind";  and  in  July,  1863, 
changed  to  the  "  Yankee,"  which  he  had  charge  of  till 


the  close  of  the  war.  While  running  these  government 
transports  he  performed  a  very  important  and  often 
hazardous  service.  The  Yankee  sailed  from  St.  Louis 
for  New  Orleans  the  latter  part  of  October,  1863,  with 
a  cargo  valued  at  more  than  $250,000,  and  landed  her 
freight  safely  in  the  Crescent  City  in  due  time.  So 
great  was  the  danger  to  which  his  vessel  was  exposed 
during  those  perilous  years,  that  Capt.  D.  practiced 
various  schemes  to  evade  the  enemy.  It  was  disguised 
as  a  gunboat,  on  some  occasions,  and  run  under  the 
strict  legime  of  one  ;  and  while  the  other  transport  ves- 
sels were  fired  into  frequently,  and  greatly  damaged  or 
destroyed,  the  Yankee  never  received  but  one  shot. 
After  the  close  of  the  war,  Capt.  Detweiler  ran  the 
Beaver  until  he  abandoned  the  river,  in  1874.  In  the 
Fall  of  1870,  he  had  embarked  in  the  ice  business  in 
company  with  N.  L.  Woodruff,  in  which  relation  he 
continued  until  December,  1876,  when  the  partnership 
was  dissolved,  since  which  time  Mr.  D.  has  carried  on 
a  large  wholesale  and  retail  ice  trade  in  his  own  name. 
The  traffic  has  steadily  grown,  until  the  present  capac- 
ity of  his  houses  is  10.500  tons.  On  November  5, 1848, 
Mr.  D.  married  Magdalen  Bachmann,  also  a  native  of 
France,  who  has  borne  him  seven  children  ;  five  living, 
Amelia,  Matilda,  Thomas  H.,  William  H.,  and  Mattie 
H.  Henry,  the  oldest,  died  at  the  age  of  twenty-seven, 
and  Emma  at  the  age  of  three  years.  Besides  the  capi- 
tal invested  in  his  business,  Mr.  D.  owns  several  pieces 
of  property  in  the  city. 
Devar  E.  M.  grocer,  712  Main  street. 

r>E  WEEKTH  R.  saloon  and  res.  801  S.  Jeffer- 
son  street. 

Dewliie  J.  H.  106  N.  Orange  street. 

DICKINSON  EDWARD  Dr.  (deceased), 
res.  of  widow,  600  KnoxviUe  road.  Dr.  Dickinson  was 
born  in  Hadley,  Mass.,  Feb.  15,  1801,  and  after  re- 
ceiving his  primary  education  in  his  native  town, 
entered  Yale  College,  but  on  account  of  ill-health,  did 
not  comple  e  his  classical  education.  He  afterwards 
entered  Pennsylvania  Medical  University,  where  he 
graduated  with  honor  in  the  class  of  1830.  He  .studied 
his  profession  with  Dr.  Twitchell  of  Keene,  N.  II., 
and  entered  into  partnership  with  Dr.  Flint,  of  North- 
ampton, Mass.,  where  he  practiced  until  ill-health 
drove  him  to  a  warmer  climate.  He  married  in  1831 
Miss  Catherine  Jones,  daughter  of  the  late  Edward 
Jones  of  the  Treasury  Department  of  Washington,  D. 
C.  They  came  to  Peoria  in  1835,  where  he  practiced 
his  profession  until  his  death,  which  occurred  in  his 
sixty-fifth  year.  He  was  president  of  the  Peoria  Medi- 
cal Association,  a  year  previous  to  his  death.  Dr. 
Dickinson  was  a  true  gentleman  of  the  old  school  ;  a 
man  of  sterling  integrity  and  strong  mind.  No  man 
was  ever  more  strictly  honest,  or  had  a  higher  sense  of 


642 


HISTORY   OF   PEORIA   COUNTV. 


honor.  These  qualities,  with  his  url>ane  manners,  his 
dignity,  his  eminently  acute  sense  of  propriety  under 
all  circumstances,  the  conscientious  discharge  of  all  his 
duties,  and  his  devotion  to  his  profession,  made  him  a 
typical  physici.in,  and  won  (or  him  the  confidence  and 
esteem  of  all  who  knew  him. 

DIckfton  W.  I>.  r<>s.  713  J&ckftoii  itrept. 
DIlK^r  Hrrmiin  rnrpviitrr.  res.  319  Siultli  street, 
nilluu  Cbrlituph(*r  tlrrman.  rcA.  Newi^te  Bveuue. 
Dlniock  \V.  C  liollons,  121  N.    .\«lanis  dtreel. 

DIRKSON  FR.VXK,  fresco  and  scenic  artist, 
res.  305  Evans  street,  was  boni  in  Germany  in  1842, 
and  reared  on  a  farm  until  thirteen  years  of  age,  when, 
determining  to  devote  his  life  to  decorative  art,  and 
being  strongly  opposed  by  his  father  he  left  home  and 
beg.in  the  business.  A  year  later  lie  hired  on  board  of 
a  ship,  to  earn  means  to  prosecute  his  studies,  and  made 
a  tour  of  the  world.  He  entered  the  .Academy  of  De- 
sign in  Dusseldorf,  Germany,  and  spent  three  seasons, 
working  at  intervals  to  payexpenses.  Went  thence  to 
Hanover  and  studied  scenic  painting  in  the  Theater 
Royal;  from  there  went  to  London,  and  continued  that 
branch  of  the  art  in  Covent  Garden,  with  Talbin,  one 
of  the  most  noted  scenic  painters  of  his  time.  Came  to 
Canada  on  an  engagement  to  the  Theatre  Royal, 
Montreal,  in  1859;  returned  to  Kurope  in  i860,  spent 
a  season  in  Paris  in  study,  came  to  New  V'ork  in  1S62, 
remaining  there  until  he  entered  the  army  in  1863  ; 
served  until  the  close  of  the  war,  on  board  the  sloop  of 
war  "Dale,"  as  acting  gunner.  Returned  to  New 
York,  spent  a  season  painting,  went  to  Buffalo,  engag- 
ed three  years  on  decorative  work  ;  was  one  of  the 
original  designers  of  Black  Crook,  and  helped  to  paint 
the  scenery  while  there,  went  10  Canada  and  produced 
Black  Crook  one  season,  realizing  $6,000.  In  1 867 
Mr.  D.  married  Mary  Brandon,  in  Buffalo.  In  1871 
they  crossed  the  lakes  intending  to  locale  in  Chicago, 
but  the  great  fire  changed  their  purpose,  and  they  set- 
tled down  in  I'eoria.  Mr.  Dirkson  did  the  decorative 
work  on  the  Peoria  county  court-house  ;  has  gained  a 
celebrity  in  his  art,  winning  twenty-five  medals  and 
numerous  other  prizes  in  public  contests.  He  receives 
extensive  orders  from  other  .Stales.  Their  family  con- 
sists of  two  children,  Katie  and  Krank. 

r>lillrr  l*»ul  furniture,  Nnrth  street. 
DliiMi  <i.  W.,  alliiriii').  120  .N.  AilaliiH. 

DOBBINS  WM.  .!..  retired  gr.i.n  an.l  ice  deal- 
er, res.  712  ILiinilton  street,  was  horn  in  Allcnlown, 
Penn.,  in  1S18  ;  is  the  second  of  three  children,  two 
sons  and  a  daughter,  of  William  Dubbins  and  Mary 
Wagner,  natives  of  Penn.  He  was  rearcil  in  his  native 
town  where  he  learned  the  trade  ol  cabinel-mnker ;  but 
his  health  failing  a  few  years  later,  went  to  clerking  in 
a  drug  store  and  reading  medicine  :  disliked  that  and 
soon  abandoned  it.  In  1849,  was  elected  >  represen- 
tative in    the    Legislature    from    .Schuylkill    Co. ;  was 


twice  re-elected  in  1S50  and  1S51.  For  four  years  en- 
gaged in  the  employ  of  the  Pennsylvania  R.R.  Co.,  and 
in  the  Spring  of  1856,  came  to  Peoria,  the  following 
Fall,  built  a  distillery  in  Wesley  city  ;  ran  it  two  years  ; 
sold  out  and  engaged  in  malting  and  dealing  in  giain 
eight  years  ;  then  in  company  with  two  other  parties 
under  the  firm  name  of  Dobbins  &  Co.,  erected  the 
Central  City  elevator,  which  was  burned  two  years  later. 
After  being  out  of  business  two  years.  Mr.  D.  spent 
four  years  in  the  ice  trade,  at  the  expiration  of  which 
he  retired.  In  1867  he  married  Eliia  Gibons,  also  a 
native  of  Allentown,  Pa.,  later  of  Princeton,  111.  Mr. 
D.  owns  several  pieces  of  property  in  the  city. 

OEWEIX  V.\Li:XTINE,  (of  V.  Dewein  & 
Co.)  dealer  in  leather  and  shoe  findings,  loS  .S.  Adams 
street,  was  bom  in  Bavaria,  Germany.  .Vpril  1st.  1817. 
and  is  the  son  of  Valentine  and  Margaret  (Gold)  De- 
wein, both  natives  of  Bavaria.  He  came  to  America 
with  them  in  182S,  landing  at  Baltimore  in  September 
of  that  year.  In  the  December  following  they  settled 
on  a  firm  in  Bedford  county.  Pa.,  and  resided  on  it  till 
1833.  when  they  moved  to  Cincinnati.  C,  and  resided 
there  and  in  Maysville.  Ky..  up  to  1847,  and  then  re- 
turned to  Cincinnati.  Mr.  Dewein  began  to  learn  his 
trade  of  shoemaker  in  Pennsylvania,  and  finished  it  in 
Cincinn.-iti.  He  married  in  Maysville,  Ky.,  August  10. 
1844.  Margaret  Schaffer.  a  native  of  Baden,  Germany, 
who  came  to  America  when  five  years  old.  In  1847  he 
left  Cincinnati  for  Peoria,  and  came  to  it  on  March  17  ; 
began  to  make  custom  boots  and  shoes,  and  sell  leather, 
and  gave  up  the  former  branch  of  his  business  in  1854  ; 
is  the  oldest  established  leather  house  in  Peoria,  and 
for  many  years  has  done  a  very  extensive  trade  ;  carries 
a  stock  of  about  $10,000.  Mr.  Dewein  has  been  an 
active,  enterprising  and  pushing  man,  and  has  done 
much  towards  the  development  of  the  city  of  his  adop- 
tion. He  was  for  many  years  connected  with  the  rail- 
road interests  of  I'eoria  county  ;  was  the  organizer  of 
the  P.  &  R.  I.  R.  R..  and  acted  as  secretary  and  treas- 
urer of  it  until  its  completion  ;  has  been  a  director  of 
the  T.,  P.  &  W.  R.  R.  for  seven  or  eight  years,  and 
director  of  Mechanics'  National  Bank  for  nine  years. 
He  owns  his  residence  on  Knoxville  Road,  corner 
Chambers  street  and  Armstrong  avenue,  a  block  of  val- 
uable property  on  the  bluff,  besides  other  properties  in 
the  business  portion  of  the  city.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Dewein 
are  members  of  the  First  Presbyterian  Church. 
OfxlKi'  S.  \V.  Kr»ln  naiiiiilrr.  re»  i<n  F»)elle  ilreel. 

I>4>I>(;K     Will.      .M.     real  estate  agent,  IJ4N. 

Adams  street. 

IiorrlMi  rxMlel  J.  |x-<liller.  res  Tfla  I'ectar  «ireel. 
Ihtrrlnir  I'aiil    rr».  HI"  M"Hi"ii  »trrrL 
tiorriiiTt  .1.  (ll"K-er.  lull  N.  Mft»ll»tm  street. 

l»OliICXY  JAMES,    plumlwr.  404  Main  street. 
IKilmi  Jft*.  C.  dealer  In  real  eitate.  rc«.  &0&  N.  Adanii  sire«U 


PEORI      CITY   DIRECTORY. 


64.S 


llOLAN    JOHN,  marlile  dealer,  I  iS  Fulton  street. 

Doll  Plillllp.  lioot  and  shof  maker.  .'>08  Sixth  street, 
nonavan  John  \V.  ear  repairer  T..  I'.  *  W. 
Oonahne  I'at.  laborer.  n».  107  Seventh  street. 

DOXLIN  BEllNARD,  merchant,  123  N. 
Washington  street,  was  born  in  Longford  county,  Ire- 
land, in  1809,  ,ind  received  his  education  in  his  native 
county;  came  to  America  in  1S28;  landed  in  New 
York,  remained  there  a  short  time,  then  went  to  New 
Orleans  and  en(;.iged  as  clerk,  after  which  went  into  the 
wholesale  and  commission  business  and  remained  ihere 
about  twenty  years ;  came  to  Peoria,  where  he  followed 
farming  and  the  grain  business.  Married  Catherine 
Burn.  She  was  born  in  Ireland.  Has  ten  living  chil- 
dren, three  boys  and  seven  girls. 
Donnelly  Miles,  machinist,  BOO  S.  W.ater  street. 

DONNELLY  KICHAKD,  wholesale  dealer 
in  wines  and  liquors,  924  N.  Adains  street,  was  born  on 
the  14th  day  of  February,  1846,  in  county  Wexford, 
Ireland  ;  emigrated  to  the  United  States  in  1852,  and 
after  traveling  over  several  of  the  New  England  States, 
finally  pulled  up  in  the  city  of  Peoria,  111.,  and  in  1S77 
engaged  in  his  present  business,  and  by  close  attention 
to  business  has  built  up  a  good  trade,  and  has  accumu- 
lated some  money.  Married  Miss  M.  J.  Kreaps  in 
October,  1S77.  She  was  a  native  of  Peoria.  The  fruit 
of  this  marriage  is  one  son.     In  politics  a  Democrat. 

Donohoc  T.  meal  man  foot  LIsk  street,  res.  115  South  street. 
Dood  Henry,  008  l''-'-an  stri'ft. 
Doran  Dennis,  res,  20:1  First  street. 
Doty  Wm.  englneiT,  res.  412  SIxlh  street. 
Dougherty  James,  polu-e  magistrate  City  Hall. 

DOWDALL      WILLIA3I     T.     editor  and 
proprietor  iVationa!  Democrat  ami  Revie-u,  printing  and 
binding,  117  Main  street,  res.  Richwoods. 
Downing  D.  boots  .ind  shoes,  2d7  Main  street. 

DOWNS  JOHN,  butcher,  722  First  street, 
was  born  in  county  Clare,  Ireland,  June  24,  1846,  and 
is  the  son  of  James  and  Ann  (O'Donnell)  Downs,  na- 
tives of  that  county.  He  grew  to  manhood  on  his 
father's  farm,  and  in  1864  came  to  America,  landing  at 
New  York  in  May,  of  that  year ;  went  first  to  St.  Louis, 
and  after  a  short  slay  came  to  Litchfield,  Montgomery 
county,  111.,  where  he  worked  in  a  machine  shop  for 
about  three  years,  and  in  1867  went  to  Chicago,  re- 
maining there  for  four  years,  and  returning  to  Litchfield 
engaged  in  the  boot  and  shoe  business  in  partnership 
with  his  brother-in-law,  until  the  Spring  of  1875,  when 
they  were  burnt  out,  and  during  the  succeeding  Sum- 
mer engaged  in  the  grocery  business,  afterwards  selling 
out  his  interest  to  his  partner,  and  coming  to  Peoria  in 
October,  1876,  started  in  business  at  his  present  loca- 
tion. He  married  in  Litclifield,  111.,  May  14,  1867, 
Miss  Martha  McNamara,  a  native  of  his  own  county, 
born  in  1S47,  by  whom  he  has  had  five  children,  three 
now  alive,  James,  John  and  Agnes.  .Mr.  Downs  was 
elected  a  member  of  the  Board  of  Education  from  the 


6th  ward  of  Peoria  in  1877,  and  has  since  been  re- 
elected  to  the  office.  He  was  also  elected  by  the  board 
to  the  post  of  secretary,  January,  1879,  and  has  since 
held  the  oflice.  Mr.  Downs  is  in  politics  a  Democrat, 
and  he  and  his  wife  are  members  of  the  Catholic 
Church. 

DOYLE  ANDREW,  carpenter  and  contract- 
ro.  822  First  street,  was  born  in  county  Wicklow, Ireland, 
May  10,  1S35,  son  of  George  and  Margaret  (O'Rorke) 
Doyle  ;  emigrated  to  America,  August  1851, and  located 
in  Cleveland,  O.,  thence  came  to  Peoria,  in  1855.  Was 
married  December,  1855,  to  Jane  Mooney.  She  was 
born  in  county  Dublin,  Ireland,  in  1833.  They  have 
had  eight  children,  seven  living,  George  J.,  Janey  K., 
John  P.,  Margaret  E.,  Anna  M.,  Nellie  E.  and  Mary 
S.,  one  dead,  James.  Mr.  D.  has  carried  on  his  trade 
and  accumulated  property  to  the  amount  of  $15,000; 
has  held  a  number  of  offices  in  the  city,  never  having 
sought  for  any  ;  was  member  of  City  Council  and  su- 
pervisor, which  position  was  the  cause  of  saving  the 
county  a  good  many  dollars, 

DovleC.  carpenter.  822  First  street. 
Ilovle  Jas.  carpenter  R.  I.  ,t  P.  res,  101  White  street. 
Doyle  John,  carpenter,  res.  822  First  street. 
Doyle  Thos.  res.  518  Hurlbut  street. 

DOUGLASS  T.  W.  conductor  T.,  P.  &  W. 
R.  R.,  701  First  street,  was  born  in  West  Chazee,  Clin- 
ton county,  N.  Y.,  in  1847,  and  is  the  son  of  George 
and  Pauline  (Vanbuskirk)  Douglass,  natives  of  New 
York.  He  was  raised  in  his  native  county  until  about 
fifteen  years  of  age,  when  he  removed  to  Ogdensburg, 
N.  Y.,  and  there  entered  the  railroad  business  and  has 
since  followed  it.  He  married  there  December  22,  1866, 
Miss  Luthera  Jannette  Armstrong,  daughter  of  Henry 
and  Nancy  (Rolfe)  Armstrong,  who  was  born  Decem- 
ber 13,  1849,  by  whom  he  has  had  three  children,  two 
now  alive,  Stella,  born  July  14,  1870,  and  Mabel,  born 
October  14,  1872.  In  April,  1876,  he  removed  with  his 
family  to  Chicago,  and  was  for  some  months  in  the  em- 
ploy of  the  Illinois  Central  R.  R.,  .removing  to  Peoria 
in  September  of  the  same  year  and  entering  that  of  the 
T.,  P.  &  W.  R.  R.,  and  has  since  remained  with  them. 
His  father  died  in  1862  and  his  mother  is  still  alive. 

Draet  Christ,  grocer.  IBIS  S.  Washington  street. 
Drake  John,  grain  buyer.  1210  N.  Monroe  street. 
Driscoll  M.  masher,  distillery  foot  South  street. 
Driscoli  Tim.  masher  foot  Msk  street. 
Drirtge  John  (".  furnllnre  finisher,  res.  320  Second  street. 
Densorger  M.  cnntectloiiery.  res.  812  N.  Monroe  street. 
Dndieylsaac.  cooper  shop,  llli  IJsk  street. 
Duff  James,  lumber,  res.  JOl  Fifth  street. 
Dugdale  Edward,  laborer,  res.  505  Hancock  street. 

DUKE  JAMES,  auctioneer,  122  S.  W.ash- 
ington  street,  was  born  in  the  city  of  Indianapolis,  Ind., 
on  the  28th  of  September,  1828,  where  he  remained 
until  1866,  when  he  came  to  Peoria  and  engaged  in  the 
real  estate  business,  and  done  a  good  business  for  about 
four  years.  Married  Miss  E.J.Mitchell,  April  21,  1848. 
She  wasa  native  of  Kentucky.  They  have  five  children, 
three  boys  and  two  girls.     The  oldest   son  is  an  engi- 


fi44 


HISTORY   OK    I'EOHIA   COrN-n-. 


neer  (switch).  Wm.  n. ;  secoml  son  is  a  cigar  manufac- 
turer in  Chicago ;  third  son  is  chief  clerk  in  Day  Bro's. 
store.  Elder  (laughter  is  l>ookkee|>er  in  Irwin  &  Co., 
and  the  youngest  daughter  remains  at  home. 

DUMBKCK    V.   H.  (of   Dumbeck   &    Baker), 
dniggi>is.  corner  Main  and  S.  Adams  streets. 
Dunbar.  G.  119  t'aTcr.  cor.  Wayne  an<l  Perry  sirpeta. 

DUXLAP  J.  S.  manager  Peoria  Plating  Works, 
402  S.  Adams  street,  was  born  in  kCnox  county.  III., 
August  30,  1844,  and  is  the  son  of  A.  J.  Dunlap  and 
Mary  S.  Patterson.  His  father  was  a  native  of  Ken- 
tucky.  and  was  for  fifteen  years  vice-president  of  Illi- 
nois .Stale  Agricultural  Association,  and  his  mother  was 
bom  in  Penn-ylvania.  He  was  raised  and  educated  at 
Galesburg.  III.,  and  on  reaching  man's  estate  traveled 
in  the  We-tern  .States  for  the  Chicago  Scale  Company 
for  four  years,  and  in  1873  engaged  in  business  as  grain 
commission  merchant  in  Peoria,  until  the  Spring  of 
1878,  when  he  began  his  present  business.  The  works 
are  owned  and  controlled  by  himself  and  his  younger 
brother,  and  he  has  the  sole  supervision  of  them.  Are 
doing  a  business  of  $20,000  a  year,  and  have  about 
$6,000  invested.  Mr.  Dunlap  m.irried,  December  21, 
1S75.  .Miss  Frances  C.  Willard,  a  native  of  Galesburg, 
by  whom  he  has  one  child  —  Edna  C.  —  born  Septem- 
ber 6.  1879.  His  mother  is  still  alive,  and  resides  on 
the  old  homestead  in  ICnox  county. 

DunlfK  Pat.  (frocpr.  203  \V.  .lc(Tffr<on  utrept. 
I>unii  iliitfli.  M:iwtiikr.  2I:f  llnrrlson  street, 
I>unn  M  laNortT  T.  P.  A-  \V.  hIiu|»i. 
Dunn  W.  .S   i  H.  D.  ,»  Co.)  res.  601  Sixth  street. 

DUllHAM  JOHX,  retired  merchant  and  capi- 
talist, residence  215  Liberty  street,  was  born  in  Balti- 
more, Maryland,  in  1811  ;  is  the  son  of  John  Durham 
and  Martha  Guinn.  He  enjoyed  goo<l  educational  op- 
portunities in  that  city  till  fifteen  years  old  ;  then  went 
to  New  York  city,  where  he  was  employed  as  a  clerk 
in  a  store  from  1826  to  1835,  about  three  years  of  the 
time  for  A.  T.  Stewart.  Came  to  Illinois  and  settled 
in  Washington,  Taiewell  county,  engagin;;  in  the  man- 
ufacture of  luml>er  ten  years  ;  thence  removed  down  on 
to  Deer  creek  and  spent  twelve  years  on  a  farm  ;  came 
tu  Peoria  in  1857,  and  esiablishcil  the  first  exclusively 
c.trpet  house  in  the  city,  which  he  conducted  until  1871, 
and  sold  out  to  J.  .M.  Hadley.  retiring  from  active  busi- 
ne««.  On  the  eve  of  coming  We»t,  in  1835,  Mr.  D. 
married  Mary  W.  Gregory,  a  native  of  Virginia.  They 
have  four  sons  and  fnur  daughters.  Politically  he  was 
an  old  line  Whig,  and  later  a  staunch  Republican. 

Durkin  Jak.  rnremilti  elrvntor  .\.  r<-^.  .M  1  llAlirork  llreet. 
tlilil4*nltrrrv  >l    lirlrkl.l  mnttrert. 

tl«)iT.I    r«r|>entrr.  Ir  t. 

I»»v»'r  Ijiwrenrf,  rr«    ^  >trret. 

Rwfrri  !'.    Ml-    Irs   Alii  I, i  ..ail. 

KarhiK  II   II  iiniuilih.  Ii6.'s   Wa^niniilun  mriwl. 

K.VKXKST    JOHN,     mechanic,    209    I'loral 

street,  was  born  in  Perry  county,  Pcnn.,  in  1824;  i«  the 

eldest  of  ten  children  of  Daniel  and  Catherine  Earnest, 


both  natives  of  that  Snte.  He  was  brought  up  on  a 
farm,  remaining  there  till  twenty-four  years  of  age;  came 
to  Peoria  county  in  1S48  ;  remained  in  the  city  one  Win. 
ter,  then  settled  in  Lancaster,  Trivoli  township,  engag 
ing  in  the  cooper  business  four  years  ;  in  August.  1862, 
enlisted  in  the  86th  Illinois  Infantry  ;  went  out  as  ser- 
geant ;  participated  in  most  of  the  battles  in  which  the 
Army  of  the  Cumberland  f.iught ;  was  breveted  lieuten- 
ant in  April,  t86s,  and  was  mustered  out  in  June  ful- 
lowing.  Upon  returning  home,  settled  in  Peoria,  and 
served  as  clerk  in  one  of  the  c  lunty  offices  three  years, 
in  the  Winter  season  ;  was  elected  constable  ;  held  the 
olTicc  three  years  ;  then  filled  the  office  of  justice  >•(  the 
peace  four  ye.irs.  In  1851  Mr.  E.  married  Rhoda  Gal- 
braith.  a  native  of  Pennsylvania.  They  have  six  chil- 
dren. Lewis  C,  Harriet  E.,  Rufus  K.,  Frank  S..  Flor- 
ence M..  and  Edna  L.  Harriet  E.  is  now  undergoing 
vocal  culture,  with  fla'tering  prospects  of  attaining  a 
national  celebrity  as  a  prima  donna.  Mr.  E.  is  a  mem- 
ber of  the  National  Blues,  and  is  a  Republican  in 
politics. 

Easton  E.  .S.  jtraln  and  illstlller.  oRlee  320  .S.  Waatilnirlon  8trc«l. 
Eaton  L.  R.  re-H.  lllOX  N.  .Mlinn  street. 

EATOX  THOM.VS  A.  grocer,  it  10',  N. 
Adams  street,  was  born  in  Sheldon,  Mass.,  November 
30,  1844.  and  is  the  son  of  Thomas  and  Lois  K.  (Loug- 
Icy)  Eaton,  natives  of  Massachusetts.  He  was  raised, 
educated,  a'  d  grew  to  manhood,  in  his  native  town. 
His  parents  came  to  Peoria  in  1SC4.  and  a  year  later  he 
followed  them,  and  for  over  a  year  worked  at  his  trade 
of  carpenter  there  ;  then  worked  on  the  Union  Pacific 
raiKoid  for  two  years,  and  returning  to  Peoria  in  1S68, 
he  began  his  present  business  in  partnership  with  his 
father,  and  so  continued  until  1876.  when  he  began  on 
his  own  account.  He  married,  November  30,  1863. 
Mis^  I-iicv  Hallbrook.  a  native  of  Massachusetts,  born 
November  25,  1 843,  by  whom  he  has  had  four  children, 
three  now  alive  —  Nettie.  .Sybil,  and  Walter.  He  en- 
listed in  June,  1S63,  in  23d  Massachusetts  Heavy  Ar- 
tillery, an  I  w-is  stationed  for  six  months  in  Boston 
Harbor,  and  about  twenty  months  in  Washington,  D. 
C. ;  was  mustered  out  at  the  close  of  the  war.  His 
father  died  in  Peoria,  Kcbtuars'  13th,  1876.  and  his 
mother  still  lives  and  resides  with  him.  Mr.  Eaton 
conducts  a  good  iiu^ine-s,  mo^lly  with  city  customers, 
and  is  a  member  of  Columbia  Lodge,  No.  21,  I.  O. 
O.  K. 
Ebliel  .lo».  lalHiriT  r   It    I    .t   1'   rra    IRON  N.  ,\iUni>  llreel. 

KHKItl.i:  (^IIKI.STIAX  F.  grocer  and  pro- 
vision dealer,  625  N.  Adams  street,  was  born  in  Wur- 
temburg,  ( jerinany,  July  25.  1S36.  and  is  the  son  of  John 
Jacob  and  Krederika  (Huinmel)  Eberle,  natives  of  that 
city.  He  came  In  America  in  1S53.  landing  at  New 
York  in  .September  of  that  year,  and  headed  straight  for 
Peoria.      He  had  learned  the  trade  of  baker  in  his  na- 


PEORIA   CITY   DIKECTOKY. 


645 


tive  country,  and  on  cominq;  to  Peoria  began  to  learn 
that  of  harness-maker,  and  worked  at  it  for  four  years. 
He  afterwards  tended  bar  and  sold  groceries  for  about 
four  years,  and  in  iS6i  made  a  visit  to  his  home  across 
the  sea,  extending  over  six  months,  and  on  December 
lO,  i36i,  after  his  return  tu  Peoria,  started  a  grocery 
business  for  himself  diagonally  opposite  his  present 
location,  and  has  since  continued  in  that  line.  In 
1867  he  bought  the  corner  he  now  occupies,  and  built 
his  residence  on  the  adjoining  lot,  and  on  August  10  of 
the  same  year,  married  Miss  Emelia  Schuler,  a  native 
of  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  by  whom  ,he  has  had  three  children, 
two  of  whom  are  now  living  — ■  William  Charles  and 
Emelia  A.  His  wife  died  in  February,  1873,  and  he 
married.  May  15,  of  the  same  year,  Miss  Elizabeth 
Wurtemburger,  a  native  of  Hesse  Darmstadt,  who  was 
born  April  9,  1852.  and  came  to  America  in  April, 
1S70.  Mr.  Eberle  carries  a  large  stock  of  general  gro- 
ceries, notions  and  queensware,  and  does  a  large  and 
increasing  trade,  both  with  city  and  country  cus- 
tomers. 
EberlyL.  engineer,  res.  1600  S.  Washington  street. 

EBERLE  FRAXZ,  butcher,  417  S.  Washing, 
ton  street,  was  born  in  Germany,  October  2, 1827  ;  came 
to  this  country  in  1857,  and  located  in  Peoria,  where  he 
has  resided  since.  Married  Miss  Thessia  Hilderbrand. 
She  was  born  in  Germany,  September  27,  1S30.  By 
this  union  there  were  nine  children,  four  of  whom  are 
still  living  —  Lena,  Caroline,  Peter,  and  I  rank.  Mr. 
E.  keeps  all  kinds  of  meats  on  hand,  and  any  one 
wanting  any  thing  in  his  line  would  do  well  to  call  on 
him. 

ECHHORN  J.  C  saloon  and  boarding  house, 
1515  S.  Washington  street,  was  born  in  Baden,  Ger- 
many, December  31,  1824  ;  came  to  the  United  States 
in  1849,  ^"d  worked  at  the  coopering  business  most  of 
the  time  since  ;  has  worked  as  high  as  fifty  to  sixty 
men  per  day.  Married  Magdalena  Rapp.  She  was 
born  in  the  same  place,  April  28,  1824.  The  fruit  of 
this  marriage  were  ten  children,  six  of  whom  are  still 
living  —  Sophia,  Catherine  and  Mary  (twins),  Peter, 
Godfried  L.,  and  Lena,  members  of  the  Presbyterian 
Church. 

Eclciey  B.  Mrs.  miliinery.  125  S.  Jefferson  street. 

Eckicy  J.  \V.  carpenter  T.  P.  &  W.  res.  919  S.  Adams  street. 

ECKHARD  JOHN,  flour  and  feed,  Soi  N. 
Adams  street,  was  born  in  Saxe  Weimer,  Germany,  No- 
vember 5,  1832,  and  is  the  son  of  Gottlieb  Eckhard  and 
Marie  Schmidt,  natives  of  Saxe  Weimer  ;  was  raised 
and  went  to  school  there,  and  learned  his  trade  of 
blacksmith  in  Butstadt,  where  he  worked  at  it  for  about 
six  years,  and  came  to  America  in  1S53,  landing  at  New 
York  in  October  of  that  year.  During  the  next  Winter 
he  tended  bar  in  New  York,  and  in  June  went  to  But- 
ler county.  Pa.,  where  he  worked  for   three  years,  and 


from  thence  came  to  Peoria  about  1856,  where  he  has 
since  resided.  He  married  in  his  native  land  in  1852, 
Caroline  Schwenemeyer,  a  native  of  Prussia,  by  whom 
he  had  four  children,  three  now  alive — Lena,  Berthold, 
and  William.  Mrs.  Eckhard  died  in  July,  1874,  and  in 
January,  1876,  he  married  Miss  Catherine  Hinds,  a  na- 
tive of  Illinois.  He  worked  at  his  trade  in  Peoria  for 
about  thirteen  years,  and  during  part  of  that  time  at 
the  tobacco  trade ;  started  his  feed  store  at  above  num- 
ber about  four  years  ago;  owns  house  and  lot  at  715 
N.  Adams  street,  also  house  and  lot  on  N.  Washington 
street. 

Edwards  J.  C.  attorney,  131  S.  Adams  street.  • 

Eiciienbarger  R.  printer,  res.  1323  N.  Adams  street. 
Elciiorii  J.  C.  proprietor  saiooii,  1521  S.  Waslilngtou  street. 
Eiciiorn  Plillip,  res.  519  S.  Wasnlngton  street. 
Eiseiiliauer  X.  saioon,  216  N.  Adams  street. 

EISER  JOHN  [M.  butcher.  Central  Market, 
res.  512  B'ifth  street. 

Egan  Lawrence  F.  telegraph   operator,  res,  820  N.  Madison 

street. 
Egaii  Wm.  res.  101  S.  Orange  street. 

EHLiEN  H.  J.  dealer  in  stoves,  tin  and  hard- 
ware. 600  S.  Adams  street,  was  born  in  Germany,  in 
April,  1838,  and  is  the  son  of  John  Jacob  and  Annie 
Ehlen.  He  came  to  America  alone  in  1857,  and  landed 
in  New  York  in  August  of  that  year;  spent  six  years  in 
Brooklyn,  working  at  his  trade,  then  came  to  Pekin, 
and  after  working  for  two  years  there,  moved  to  Peoria 
in  August,  1S65,  \vhere  he  worked  for  four  years  as  a 
journeyman  and  then  started  in  business  for  himself. 
He  married  there,  in  October  of  that  year,  Sophia  M. 
Thielbar,  a  native  of  Indiana,  by  whom  he  has  six 
children,  four  now  alive  :  Elizabeth,  Matilda,  John  and 
Luther.  He  carries  a  stock  of  about  $2,000,  and  makes 
a  specialty  of  the  manufacture  of  elevator  buckets. 

EISENHAUER  ADAM,  saloon,  216  N.  Ad- 
ams street,  was  born  in  Baden,  Germany,  September  9, 
183S,  and  came  to  America  with  his  father  in  1843, 
landing  at  New  Orleans,  where  he  stayed  for  a  short 
time,  and  then  came  to  Peoria,  where  he  was  raised ; 
came  up  from  St.  Louis  on  the  old  Avalanche.  Went 
to  school  in  Peoria,  and  afterwards  learned  the  trade  of 
harness  maker,  and  conducted  a  business  in  that  line 
on  his  own  account  for  seventeen  years.  He  was 
burned  out,  with  almost  total  loss,  Nov.  6,  1874,  but  at 
once  rebuilt  and  continued  until  his  health  forced  him 
to  give  it  up.  He  started  his  present  business  June  i, 
1876.  He  married  June  16,  1862,  Miss  Julia  Gauss,  a 
native  of  Germany,  born  Feb.  15,  1844.  by  whom  he 
has  had  two  children  :  Mary,  born  Nov.  19,  1864,  and 
Lottie,  born  .'^ug.  3,  1866.  His  wife  died  March  21, 
1868,  and  he  married  Sept.  27,  of  the  same  year,  Miss 
Annie  Schwers,  a  native  of  New  Orleans,  born  June  8, 
1847,  by  whom  he  had  three  children,  two  now  alive: 
Adam  Henry,  born  Sept.  16,  1869 ;  William,  born  July 
10,  1871,  died  Aug.  8,   1872;    and   Otto,  born  July   7, 


6i6 


HISTORY   OF   PEORIA   ('OUNTV. 


1879.     Me  owns  his  store,  and  residence  above,  ai6  N. 

Adams  street. 

Eltlrr  J»s.  (train  anil  rommlsslon.  cltamtxr  of  Commerre.  re*. 

4M  N.  Mulluin  slrrrc. 
KJUer  Jul.  master  rarctianic  R.  I.  A  K 

ELLIOTT  P.  F.  retired  grocer,  res.  1 109  N. 
Adams  street.  Son  of  \Vm.  W.  and  .Sarah  (Mutchner) 
Klliolt,  natives  of  Maryland,  who  emigrated  to  Ohio  at 
an  early  day,  where  the  subject  of  this  sketch  was  born 
on  the  14th  day  of  January,  1828.  Was  reared  on  a 
farm  and  received  a  common  school  education.  Mar- 
ried Miss  Eliza  Stephenson,  daughter  of  Joshua  Ste- 
phenson. She  was  born  in  ISutler  county,  C,  in  1834 ; 
died  in  1S53,  leaving  one  child,  \Vm.  E.  In  the  Spring 
of  1855  he  came  to  Peoria  county,  where  he  embarked 
in  the  grocery  business  until  1861,  when  he  enlisted  in 
the  llth  Illinois  Cavalry  as  private  ;  was  commissioned 
as  first  lieutenant  by  a  voice  of  the  company.  Their 
first  engagement  was  at  Shiloh.  Thence,  to  Corinth 
and  luka;  thence,  to  Vicksburg.  In  the  Spring  of  1863 
he  was  appointed  quartermaster ;  later,  the  same  year, 
was  promoted  to  captain  ;  and  in  1864  was  commis- 
sioned major.  Was  on  the  Grierson  and  Sherman  raids, 
and  was  mustered  out  at  Si>ringfield,  111.,  in  the  Kail 
of  1S65.  Returned  to  Peoria,  bought  into  the  grocery 
business  —  style  of  firm,  Elliott  &  Co. —  which  he  fol- 
lowed until  1870  ;  then  went  into  the  employ  o(  Tyng 
&  Brotherson  until  1877.  Married  for  his  second  wife 
Hannah,  daughter  of  Wm.  A.  Hall,  one  of  the  early 
settlers  of  Peoria  county,  (in  which  county  she  was 
bom,)  on  the  14th  day  of  Dec,  i860.  Had  one  daugh. 
ter,  Hannah  May.  For  his  third  wife,  married  Mary 
E.  Stillman.  She  was  born  in  Kenssalaer  county,  N. 
Y.,  in  1843.  The  fruit  of  this  marriage  is  one  daugh- 
ter, Mary  L.  Has  five  acres  of  land  in  the  city,  valued 
at  $5,000. 

ELLIOTT  M.  K.  MKS. 

ELLIOTT  H.  M.  MltS.  res.  Chambers  street, 
near  Knoxville  road. 
Ellli  Mri.  .Uaria  N.  rea.  1316  Main  street. 

ELLI.S  O.  1*.  mechanic,  8oq  N.  JelTerson  street. 
Son  of  Amos  anil  Harriet  Ellis,  natives  of  Ohio.  They 
came  to  Woodford  county.  III.,  in  1850.  where  they  re- 
mained until  1875,  when  they  came  to  Ford  county, 
where  they  still  reside. 

The  subject  of  this  sketch  was  born  in  Hiowii  county, 
Ohio,  on  the  a6th  day  of  April,  1832,  where  he  received 
a  common  school  education.  Came  with  his  parents  to 
Woodford  county,  III.,  where  he  followed  various  occu- 
pations. In  1861,  enlisted  in  the  I7lh  I.  V.  I..  Co.  U, 
mustered  in  at  Peoria,  under  command  of  Col.  L.  F. 
Kost.  Participated  in  the  liatllc  of  Fredericklown, 
.Mo.,  Pittsburgh  Landing.  Fort  Donelson,  luka.  Siege 
of  Vicksburg.  After  the  battle  of  Fort  Donelson,  was 
put  upon  delachcil  >rrvice  under  den.  Ross,  and  re- 
niained  with    liiiii  until  he  ictigued,  and   then    was   as- 


signed to  duty  under  Col.  Henry  T.  Noble,  A.  V.  M.. 
District  of  Eastern  Arkansas,  where  he  remained  the 
balance  of  his  time.  Mustered  out  at  Springfield,  III., 
in  1865.  Was  wounded  at  Batesville,  Ark.,  through 
the  shoulder,  the  ball  lodging  in  his  breast  bone. 

In  1866  he  married  Miss  Josephine  M.  Powell,  daugh- 
ter of  J.  E.  Powell.  She  was  bom  in  Tazewell  county, 
III.,  in  1S44.  The  fmit  of  this  marriage  was  two  chil- 
dren, one  of  which  is  still  living. 

KIlM'sirr  J.  KuarJ.  work  liuum:.  tm.  417  Hamilton  street. 

Klwanerr  I).  i:»r|>i-nl«T.  533  S.  Ailaiut  dnret. 

Ely  E.  V.  (  Ki-yiiulil«  *  Ely;  rc».  413  N.  Monrot  stri-rL 

Kly  U.  313  S.  Jt-ffersuii  hlr****t. 

Emersun  A.  G.  cumiuerclal  traveler,  res.  113  Fourth  street. 

E.MEKSOX  GEORGE  F.  of  Cummings  & 
Kmersor..  harihtare.  416  A:  418  S.  Washington  street, 
was  born  April  4.  1847.  in  Tazewell  county.  111.,  where 
he  was  reared  on  a  farm  and  received  what  schooling  the 
schools  afforded.  In  March  he  came  to  Peoria  and 
completed  a  course  at  the  commercial  college.  In  1665 
was  assistant  book-keeper  at  Farrell's  distillery  for  two 
Winters.  In  the  Spring  of  1867  until  186S  kept  books 
for  C.  L.  Bobb.  Was  then  employed  by  D.  .M.  Cum- 
mings asbook-keeper.  and  remained  with  him  until  187J, 
when  he  was  admitted  as  partner  in  the  concern  and 
has  continued  in  the  business  ever  since.  Married  Miss 
Harriet  Woodruff  (daughter  of  the  late  N.  L.  Woodruff.) 
November  7,  1871.     Two  children  bless  this  union. 

EMERY  ENOCH,  editor  Transcript,  res.  no 

Seventh  street. 

Eligelke  D.  toys.  405  (Vil:ir  sir*'**!. 

EiiKflke John.  ciiKlnt-vr.  res.  241  .'4.  Maillson  streeL 

ENGLAND  Rev.    E.    B.   pastor   Kef.   Epis. 

Church,  res.  716  Franklin  street. 

KiiKlantl  John,  ratilnct  in:ik«T.  OUl  ."Spencer  street. 

KliRliT  A.  li.'irluT.  701)  N.  Ailanirt  slreot, 

KiiKlUh  .Iniiies.  lirakcninii  T-.  I'.  A  w.  ri-s.  401  tieurge  street. 

Emery  Jo^.  II.  Itrliiler.  •iVi  Kull«<n  slriMt. 

Enwislle  Win.  ri:«.  -iuv  r<-c.iii  >lrfrt. 

ENGSTROM  CH.VRLES  V.  boot  and  shoe 
maker,  205  N.  Adams  street,  was  born  in  Sweden, 
November  10,  1854.  and  is  the  son  of  John  L.  and 
Sophia  Engstrom.  He  came  to  America  with  his  pa- 
rents in  lS6g,  landing  at  New  York  in  July  of  that 
year.  They  settled  in  (lalesburg.  III.,  where  his  pa- 
rents still  reside,  and  in  1S73  he  came  to  Peoria  and 
learned  his  trade,  and  in  1876  started  at  liis  ]iresent 
location  on  his  own  account.  He  married  December 
31,  1879,  Miss  Bessie  Anderson,  a  native  of  Sweden, 
who  came  to  America  with  her  parents  in  186S.  Mr. 
Engstrom  does  a  good  business,  and  by  his  faithful  and 
pains-taking  worL  has  drawn  around  him  a  good  class 
of  cusloiner>. 

Krher  .M    E  Jewi-lrr.  IIM  S.  Ailains  slrrel. 

Krion  Allan),  harht^r.  )fl4  Main  slreei. 

Eriiin  r.  inllkiiiAii.  llirj  smith  street. 

KtiiJar.ll>,  ■ilHI  KrlliUi'  iilriil. 

EtbiisJ.  (I   Hour  aiol  I I. -JIS  \V.  Ailaini  street. 

EVEltS  ('.  M.l.lack«niith,  1031  Plank  road. 

K<er>  K.  hlark^nillh.  r<'>   113  N.  Maillton  street. 

EVANS  IS.V.VC,  dealer  in  groceries,  flour,  feeil, 


PEORIA   CITY   DIRECTORY. 


647 


hardware,  etc.,  1400  Main  street,  was  born   in  Coshoc- 
ton  county,  Ohio,  July  13,   l833-     His   father,   Joseph 
Evans,  was  born  in  the  same  county,  October   3,  iSoi, 
and  died   in   Crawford   county.  111.,    August   23,  1867. 
His   mother,    Margaret  Evans,   was  born   in   Dauphin 
county.  Pa.,   August   22,   1799.  and   died   in    the   same 
county  as  her  husband,  May  13.  1864  ;  both  were  buried 
at  Olney,  111.     Their  family  consisted  of  six  children  — 
Malona,  Rebecca,  Philip,  Isaac,   Henry  and  Jairus,   of 
whom  only  two  (Reb.-cca  and  Jairus),  besides  the  sub- 
ject of  this  sketch,  now  survives,  and  they  are   all   resi- 
dents of  Peoria.     Mr.  Evans  settled  with  his  parents  in 
Crawford  county.  111.,  in  1852;  married  Nov.  19,  1857, 
Miss  Phebe  A.  Price,  a  native  of  Coshocton,  Ohio,  by 
whom  he  had  three  children  — Oscar  W.,  Clara  E.  and 
Julia  B.;  came  with  his   family   to    Peoria   in    March, 
1864,  and   in  February  of  the   succeeding  year  he  had 
the  great  misfortune  to  lose  his  three  children,  by  ctre- 
bro-sfinalmemngitis,  and  his  wife  by  congestive  chills. 
He  married  again   Feb.   7,  1867,  Miss  Phebe  A.  Wag- 
goner, a  native  of  his  own  county,  who  has  borne  him 
five  children  — Laura  L.,  John  T.,  Willis,  Lona  R.  and 
Lucia  B.     The  two  eldest  died  of   scarlet   fever  in  the 
Summer  of  1876.     He  commenced  business  at  his  pres- 
ent location  December  1,  1870,  and  by  close  attention 
to  business  has  built  up  a  profitable  trade;  is  a  member 
of  the  Masonic  fraternity,  and  also  of  (Hale  Chapel)  M. 
E.  Church. 

Ewalt  T.  carpenter.  209  Illinois  avenue. 

E\ley  Matthew,  res.  619  Perry  street. 

Eynutten  F.  Jeweler,  307  Main  street. 

Faber  J.  F.  res.  N.  Peoria  -  S.  Wastiingtun  street. 

FAGOTTE  JOSEPH,  saloon,  corner  Bridge 
and  South  Water  streets,  was  born  in  Kaskaskia,  111., 
August  13,  1834,  and  is  the  son  of  Joseph  and  Ann 
(Spruden)  Fagotte,  natives  of  France,  who  came  to 
America  in  1833.  He  left  his  native  county  when 
very  young,  with  his  parents,  and  settled  in  St.  Clair 
county,  and  in  1846  came  to  Tazewell  county,  where 
they  resided  till  1868,  then  removing  to  Peoria,  where 
he  has  since  resided.  While  in  Tazewell  county  he 
was  for  eight  years  postmaster  at  Wesley  City,  and  on 
coming  to  Peoria  started  a  saloon  at  his  present  loca- 
tion. When  ten  years  of  age  he  was  so  unfortunate  as 
to  lose  his  right  arm,  in  a  threshing  machine,  and  this 
has  forced  upon  him  a  life  of  indoor  employment.  He 
owns  120  acres  good  farming  land  in  Tazewell  county, 
worth  $25  an  acre,  and  does  a  good  business  in  his  sa- 
loon; is  a  member  of  the  Catholic  Church,  and  in  poli- 
tics is  on  the  fence. 

Kahey  Thos.  constable,  res.  512  .lolinson  street. 
Fahcy  \Vm.  cooper,  res.  315  Antoinette  street. 

FAHNENSTOCK  HENKY,  wholesale  gio- 
cer.  South  Washington  street. 

FARDON  FKF:DERICK  W.  painter,  115 
North   Washingtun    street.     Was  born    in   the  city    of 


Peoria  on  the  25th  day  of  July,  1857.  Parents  natives 
of  Worcester,  England,  and  came  to  the  United  States 
in  1850,  and  settled  on  West  Bluff,  where  they  engaged 
in  gardening.  His  father  died  in  the  Fall  of  1877. 
mother  still  living.  Mr.  F.  has  been  in  business  for 
the  last  five  years. 

Farden  J  wood  eneraver,  res.  139  North  street. 
Farrlii  d.  C  Sffic"  an.l  res.  327  S.  Washington  street. 
Farrell  H.  G.  drugs.  No,  115  Main  street. 
Farrell  .lohn.  giooer.  301  ?«•  A'lanis  .«treet. 
Farrell  C.  M.  .Mrs.  res.  BOl  Madison  street. 
Faih  A  B  518  Hamilton  street. 
Fash  ,l.£  market  master,  res.  705  Hamilton  street. 
Fani  John.  res.  502  Monson  street. 

PAY  JOHN,  maltster  and  saloon-keeper,  525 
S.  Adams  street,  was  born  in  Germany  in  1844  ;  came 
to  Pekin,  Ills.,  in  1S71,  and  to  Peoria  in  the  following 
year,  where  he  has  since  engaged  in  his  present  lines  of 
business.  He  married  in  Germany  Julia  A.  Shulz,  a 
native  of  that  country.  Mr.  Fay  conducts  a  large  busi- 
ness in  his  saloon,  and  turns  out  from  his  malthouse  an 
average  of  1S5  bushels  barley  malt  per  day. 
FelnholtzC.  beer  runner.  411  N.  Water  street. 
Feinholtz  Vai.  beer  runner,  res.  2200  S.  Adams  street. 

FELDCAMP    GEORGE,    saloon,  601   W. 
Jefferson  street. 
Feldraan  Joseph,  laborer,  res.  713  N.  Monroe  street. 

FELRATH  HUBERT,  manufacturer  of  soda 
and  mineral  waters,  corner  Gay  and  N.  Water  streets, 
was  born  in  Alsace,  France,  April  22,  1828,  and  is  the 
son  of  Florence   and    Mary    Ann    Felrath,  natives   of 
Alsace.     He  grew  to  manhood  in   his   native  country, 
and  there  went  to  school,  and  learned  something  of  the 
millwright's  trade  from  his  father,  and  in  1S4S  he  came 
alone  to  America,  landing  at  New  York  in  the  Spring 
of  that  year.     He  stayed  for  about  one  year  in  Penn- 
sylvania, and  then  removed  to  Ohio,  from  thence  to 
Michigan,  and  finally  settled  in  Illinois  in  1853,  coming 
to  Peoria  in  that  Fall,  and  has  since  made  it  his  home. 
For  the  next  six  or  seven  years  he  worked  as  house  and 
ship  carpenter,  and  then  started  a  saloon  on  the  Knox- 
viUe  road,  which  he  conducted  for  nine  years.     While 
there  he  married  in  May,  1865,  Miss  Ida  Bergholz,who 
was  born  in  Holstein  in   1S35,  and  came  to  America 
about   1861.      By  this  union  he   has  three  children  — 
Christian,  Mary  and  Ida.      He  started  in  his  present 
business  in  1868,  and  then  gave  up  his  saloon  ;    manu- 
factures soda  water,  ginger  ale,  and  seltzer  water,  all  of 
which  is  sold  in  the  city.     Does  a  very  extensive  busi- 
ness and  sells  during  the  Summer  months  from  600  to 
700  boxes  of  soda   weekly,    besides   seltzer,   etc.     He 
owns  his  manufactory  and    dwelling   house   opposite, 
with  the  lots  on  which  they  stand.       He  was  elected 
alderman  of  the  Fourth  Ward  by  the  Democratic  vote 
in  1879,  and  at  present  fills  the  office.     Mr.  Felrath  is 
a  member  of  the  Masonic  Order,  and  of  the   Druids. 

Ferbor  J.  A.  N".  315  Miliman  street. 
Felgnson  F.  li'S.  121  llltfli  slrei-l. 
Key  David.  Jeweler.  319  .M;ilri  slieet. 
Fischer  H.  II.  laborer.  352  Plank  road. 


618 


HISTORY   «JF   PEORIA   COUNTV. 


FISIIl!:it  CHARLES,  druggist  ami  manu- 
facturing  chemist,  200  S.  Water  street. 

FISHER  JOSEPH,  undertaker,  406  Main 
street,  was  born  in  Columbus,  C,  April  5,  1837,  and  is 
the  son  of  Jacob  and  Mary  Kisher,  natives  of  Ohio. 
He  was  raised  and  educated  in  his  native  city,  and 
afterwards  engaged  in  his  present  business,  and  carried 
it  on  there  for  ten  years.  He  came  10  Peoria  in  March, 
1S74,  and  began  to  build  up  the  business  he  now  con- 
ducts ;  carries  a  large  and  line  stock  of  coffins,  caskets 
and  general  undertaker's  supplies,  and  does  a  very  ex- 
tensive business.  He  was  married  April  8,  1858,  in 
Columbus,  O.,  to  Miss  Ellen  Jane  Henderson,  a  native 
of  lh.it  city,  who  bore  him  six  children,  four  now  living  : 
—  Martha,  Hark-n,  Margaret  and  Ellen.  Mrs.  Fisher 
died  in  Peoria,  May  17,  1874. 

Flllier  Jos.  125  llrown  street. 

FltZiferAhlA  J.inie-^.  lllouMiT,  600  S.  Water  si rt'«'t. 
Kltz|>alrli'k  P  .  R.  R.  rinployiv  «»  .\.  WanliliiKCoii  sirert. 
Klnch  I>avl(l  J.  roiuluctor  T.  I'.  A  w.  res.  409  Maple  street. 
Kliiley  P.  watchman  disrlllery   rt-.t.  100  .Sutitli  street. 
Fink  A.  B.  bookkeeper.  802  S.  WashiiiKton  street. 
FlaK-  K.  M.  painter,  res.  20(j  N.  W.i-shrnKton  street. 
Flaherty  John  O.  laborer,  res.  fil5  N.  Washington  street. 
KlaneKan  F.  blacksmith,  res.  lU  Jackson  street. 

FLAXAG.\X  JOHN  C.  attorney  at  law.  Bluff 
street,  son  of  John  and  Jane  (Pratt)  Flanagan,  natives 
of  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  where  he  was  born  June  17,  1S06. 
Alter  beginning  his  education  he  went  to  Susquehanna 
county.  Pa.,  and  finished  his  studies.  Read  law  with 
Col.  James  Paige,  of  Philadelphia,  where  he  remained 
four  years;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1828,  in  Phila- 
delphia ;  and  opened  an  office.  In  1830,  went  to  Potls- 
ville,  where  he  practiced,  and  dealt  extensively  in  coal ; 
remained  there  three  years,  and  in  the  Spring  of  1834 
came  to  Peoria  county  and  entered  land  ;  in  the  Fall 
went  back  to  Philadelphia,  and  in  company  with  David 
Maxwell  and  wife,  his  mother,  James  .V.  Flanagan,  .\da 
Ueere  and  his  sister  Susie,  came  back,  when  he  settled 
on  his  claim  near  the  Kickapoo,  where  he  remained  a 
couple  of  years.  In  1S36  went  to  St.  l.ouis  and  dealt 
in  land,  but  not  being  satisfied  returned  to  Peoria  after 
one  year.  In  1837  bought  lands  adjoining  the  city 
and  laid  out  an  addition  ;  built  his  present  house  on 
the  Hlufl  (hauling  lumber  from  Chicago),  where  he  has 
resided  since. 

KlnnmliiK  Jas.  blacksmith,  plow  works,  res.    1019  I'erry  street. 
FlnniisKsn  Pal.  re*.  ttOl  .Mcllean  Htreel. 

FLETCHER  RIODON  S.  restaurant.  105 
North  Washington  street.  Was  born  in  Wayne  coun- 
ty, Kv.,  on  the  2Ist  day  of  November,  1825  ;  moved 
to  Mason  county.  III.,  in  1830;  removed  to  Sangamon 
county  ill  1834,  thence  to  UeWitt  county  in  1851  ;  mar- 
ried Miss  Arminda  Turner  on  the  16th  day  of  March, 
1851,  and  afterwards  went  to  Missouri ;  enlisted  in  Co. 
A,  3Sth  Mo.  Inf.  in  1863,  and  served  until  the  38th  of 
June,  1865;  after  the  close  of  the  war  came  back  to 
DeWill  county,  and  in  1876  came  to  Peoria  city  and 
has  been  engaged  in  the  boarding-house  business  since. 


Fllnn  J.  L  carpeoier.  res.  TOl  S.  Jelleraon  street. 
Fluwl  .Mark,  painter.  T.  P.  «  W.  shops. 
Flood  Thos.  res.  Chicago  street. 

FLORETH  PHILIP,  grocer,  513  W.  Jef- 
fersun  street,  was  burn  .March  25,  1629,  in  Germany. 
Emigrated  to  America  in  1S60,  and  located  in  Pe»ria. 
Married  .Miss  Margaret  Wcis  on  the  15th  day  of  Novem- 
ber, 1856.  The  fruit  of  this  marriage  was  one  boy  and 
one  girl  —  Elizabeth,  born  April  26,  1863,  Jacob,  born 
October  26,  1866.  Are  both  members  uf  the  German 
Methodist  Church  of  Peoria.  Embarked  in  the  grocery 
business  in  1867,  and  by  fair  dealing  has  built  up  a 
lucrative  trade. 
Flyun  D.  laborer,  res.  218  Ceslar  street. 

FOGELM.VRK  ADA.M,  (Fogelmark  &  Lof- 
gren).  coppersmiths  and  plumbers,  407  S.  Washington 
street,  was  born  in  Sweden,  in  1818.  Emigrated  to  the 
United  States  in  1S56.  Came  to  Peoria  in  April  of  that 
year,  and  worked  some  14  years  as  a  copper  and  black- 
smith in  machine  shops.  Spent  two  years  in  New 
Orleans,  ten  years  ago ;  then  lived  in  Pekin  seven 
years,  where  he  formed  a  partnership  with  Mr.  Lofgren 
and  carried  on  business  about  five  years.  In  June, 
1879,  they  removed  to  Peoria.  Mr.  F.  married  in 
Knoxville,  Illinois,  soon  after  he  arrived  in  this  coun- 
try, to  Joana  Colson,  a  native  of  Sweden.  They  have 
three  children  —  Oscar,  Charlie  and  Emma. 

John  Lofgren  was  born  in  Sweden,  in  1843,  February 
21  ;  crossed  the  Atlantic  in  1S6S  ;  formed  a  partnership 
and  conducted  coppersinithing  and  plumbing  business 
with  Mr.  Fogelmark  in  Pekin,  Tazewell  county,  Illinois, 
nearly  live  years.  Came  to  Peoria  in  June,  1S79.  In 
1870  he  married  Joana  llaglund,  a  native  of  Sweden, 
by  whom  he  has  five  children  —John  K., Charles,  Amiel. 
I.illie  and  Henry.  He  is  a  member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F. 
and  Encampment.  Their  coppersmilhing  and  plumb- 
ing business  is  one  of  the  heaviest  in  the  city. 

Foley  John.  lalMirer.  n-s.  102  Warren  street. 
Foley  J..  lalM>rer,  res.  406  llurlbut  street. 
Foley  M.,  flreiiiAii.  gas  works. 

FOLEY  M.  J,  butcher,  901  First  street,  was 
born  in  county  Sligo,  Ireland,  March  23.  1833,  and  is 
the  son  of  Michael  Foley  and  Mary  Killalee,  natives  of 
Sligo.  He  was  raised  and  educated  there,  and  learned 
the  Irttde  of  ship  caqienter,  coming  to  America  in  1847 
and  landing  in  New  York  in  May  of  that  year.  Re- 
mained in  llallimore,  working  at  his  Irade,  for  three 
yearn,  and  came  to  St.  Louis  in  185U,  where  he  resided 
(or  six  ycais,  and  in  1856  came  to  Illinois,  settling  in 
Peoria,  where  he  has  since  icsided.  He  wuikcd  at  his 
trade  until  1865,  during  the  most  of  which  lime  he 
supciinlendcd  the  yard  of  ilie  Kingston  Coal  Company, 
and  in  the  latter  year  commenced  Ins  present  business, 
and  has  since  continued  it.  He  married,  in  the  Fall  of 
l8h7.  Miss  Eliza  Phillips,  a  native  of  Wisconsin,  by 
whom  he  has  had  two  children  —  Mary  and  Kate.  He 
had,  for  four  years,  charge  of  one  of  the  city  scales.   He 


PEORIA   CITY   DIRECTORY. 


649 


owns  his  store,  with  ice  house  and  barn  in  the  rear.     Is 
a  member  of  the  Catholic  Church. 

Foley  Patrick  J.,  porter.  119  S.  Adams  street. 
Folkers  John,  clerk.  1213  S.  Adams  street. 
Folkers  R.  W..  carpenter,  res.  218  Taylor  street. 

FOSTER  BENJAMIN,  paper  box  manu- 
facturer,  iii  Main  street,  was  born  in  Deal,  county  of 
Kent,  England,  April  14,  1828,  and  is  the  son  of 
Stephen  and  Sarah  (Bullinger)  Foster.  His  father 
was  English  and  his  mother  of  French  decent.  He 
was  raised  and  educated  in  his  native  town,  and  also 
served  an  apprenticeship  to  the  trade  of  printing  and 
book  binding,  coming  to  America  in  1848  and  landing 
in  New  York  in  November  of  that  year.  After  a 
short  stay  there,  he  ViJorked  his  way  through  Albany, 
Buffalo,  Sandusky,  Cincinnati,  St.  Louis,  and  up  the 
river  to  Peoria,  reaching  it  in  November,  1849,  and 
going  to  work  on  the  day  of  his  arrival  for  the  late 
Samuel  H.  Davis,  who  was  then  carrying  on  a  printing 
business  in  the  same  building  which  Mr.  Foster  now 
occupies.  After  the  death  of  his  employer  he  went  as 
printer  to  Jubilee  College  and  for  some  months  printed 
The  Motto.  He  then  returned  to  Peoria  and  started  a 
bindery  opposite  the  First  National  Bank,  occupying  a 
part  of  the  second  floor,  for  which  he  paid  a  rent  of 
S25  a  month.  There  he  remained  for  three  years, 
when  he  started  the  Ben  Franklin  Printing  Olifice,  and 
continued  it  there  until  February,  1870,  printing  ex- 
tensively both  book  and  job  work.  At  that  date  he 
bought  the  building  he  now  occupies,  and  moved  his 
printing  establishment,  steam  presses,  and  all  over  to 
it,  and  continued  the  business  until  1872,  when  he 
finally  abandoned  printing  and  took  up  the  line  he  is 
now  engaged  in,  to  which  he  has  given  his  exclusive 
attention  during  the  last  six  or  seven  years.  He  is  the 
only  paper  box  maker  in  the  city  and  manufactures  his 
goods  very  largely  for  foreign  as  well  as  local  trade. 
Mr.  Foster  married  in  London,  England,  April,  1856, 
while  on  a  visit  home.  Miss  Christiana  Clark,  a  native 
of  Norlhbourne,  Kent,  England,  by  whom  he  has  had 
seven  children,  six  now  alive,  Ben  Franklin,  Mary, 
Ziliah,  Edgar,  Lincoln,  Amanda,  and  Belle.  Has 
been  for  many  years  connected  with  the  Congregational 
Church,  and  has  served  it  in  many  capacities.  Is  at 
present  a  deacon  of  the  Church,  and  superintendent  of 
Plymouth  Mission.  He  is  also  president  of  the  Red 
Ribbon  Club  of  Peoria,  and  secretary  and  treasurer  of 
Peoria  County  Bible  Society. 

Ford  George,  res.  136  N.  Fayette  street. 

Forderer  Alex.  res.  319  Fourth  street. 

Forsythe  H,  H.  city  clerk,  res.  208  Second  street. 

I'ollitt  J.  c.  trav.  salesman,  res.  cor.  Adams  and  Way  streets. 

horsman  H.  N.  toreman,  120  Liberty  street. 

FOVEAUX     CHARLES,     merchant,     loi 

F.lizabeth    street,  was   born  in   Cologne  on   the    River 

Rhine,  on  the  i8th  day  of  October,  1832,  came    to  the 

United  States  in  1853,  and  located  in  McLean  county, 

47 


Illinois,  where  he  worked  on  a  farm  and  remained  two 
years.  Then  went  to  Tazewell  county,  Illinois.  Thence 
to  Peoria.  In  1S62  enlisted  in  the  8th  Ills.  Inf.  co.  I, 
mustered  in  at  Springfield.  Then  to  Memphis  where 
he  joined  his  regiment.  Was  at  the  siege  and  capture 
of  Vicksburg,  also  at  the  charge  at  Ft.  Blakesley,  also 
at  Spanish  Fort.  Thence  to  Mobile  where  they  did 
guard  duty.  Thence  to  New  Orleans.  Thence  to 
Texas.  Mustered  out  at  Baton  Rouge.  Was  in  the 
service  three  years  and  three  months.  Married  Julia 
Borling.  She  was  born  in  Alsace,  Germany,  in  1S40. 
There  were  eight  children;  three  of  whom  are  living, 
Henry,  Mary,  and  Tillie.  Has  a  good  business  and 
carries  a  stock  of  $4,000. 
Francis  John  H,  (Zell  F.  A  Co.)  res.  Ill  High  street. 

FRANCIS  WILLIS  Y,,  distiller,  foot  Cedar, 
res.  1114  S.  Adams  street. 

FRANKS    J.    W.   &   SONS,    printers    and 

book   binders,    210   Main    street.     This   business  was 

started  under  present  firm  name  in  July,  1873,  in  the 

building  directly  opposite  their  present  location.      The 

firm  is   composed  of  Mr.  J.  W.  Franks   and  his  sons, 

Fred  E.,  Frank  F.,  Thomas  G.,  and  Gerald  B.      They 

occupy  the  whole   of  a   large    three-story  building   at 

above  number,  and  employ  from  thirty  to  forty  hands  ; 

do   an   extensive   book   and   job    business,    and   have 

facilities  for  turning  out  their  work  second    to   no   firm 

in    the   State   outside   of  Chicago.      Their  business  is 

yearly  upon  the  increase,  and  necessitates  the  frequent 

purchases  of  improved  machinery,  etc.,  to  keep   pace 

with  it. 

Franzen  H.  soda  water  maker,  704  Seventh  street 
Frazer  J.  W..  res.  821  N.  Monroe  street. 

FRAZIER  DeWITT  C,  police  magi,trate. 
res.  105  N.  Monroe  street,  is  the  son  of  Charles  M.  and 
Frances  H.  Frazier.  Father  born  in  1788,  mother  1790. 
Family  consisting  of  thirteen  children,  twelve  of  which 
lived  to  be  men  and  women.  In  1824  or  '25  they 
moved  from  Philadelphia  to  Wooster,  Ohio,  remaining 
until  1827,  when  he  went  to  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  where 
DeWitt  C.  was  born,  July  25,  1829.  In  1833  his  father 
came  to  this  State,  with  a  shingle  and  lath  cutting 
machine,  the  first  ever  introduced. 

The  subject  of  this  sketch  came  to  the  State  in  1840 
and  located  in  Tazewell  Co. ;  in  1844  came  to  Peoria 
Co.  In  1846  was  one  of  the  first  volunteers  to  go  to 
Mexico.  Enlisted  in  4th  I.  V.  I., Co.  G.,Col.  Ed.  Baker, 
who  was  killed  at  Ball's  Bluff,  Their  first  principal 
marches  were  from  Matamora  to  Carmago.  where  they 
remained  a  short  time,  Thence  toVictoriaand  Tampico, 
the  command  being  mostly  barefoot  and  three  days 
without  food  or  water.  Thence  to  Vera  Cruz  by  boats 
and  participated  in  the  siege,  also  was  at  Cerro  Gordo. 
Thence  up  above  Jalapa,  where  they  encamped  through 
the  rainy  season  without  tents  or  blankets  ;  from   there 


650 


HISTORY   OF  PEOKIA  COUNTY 


w»s  sent  to  New  Orleans  and  discharged.  Married 
Susan  Bush  ;  she  was  born  in  Licking  Co.,  Ohio,  July 
8,  1631 :  nine  children,  live  sons  and  four  daughters,  all 
of  which  are  still  living.  Members  of  the  Reformed 
Episcopal  Church.  In  1861  was  in  the  Board  of  Super- 
visors, and  has  held  several  local  othces.  Mr.  F.  was 
well  acquainted  with  Abraham  Lincoln,  has  sit  on  jury 
betore  his  pleadings,  and  judge  Davis  presiding. 

FKKUKICll  HKU.MAN.  billiard  hall.  116 
S.  Jefferson  street.  Is  a  native  of  Germany;  was  born 
April  5,  1827.  Emigrated  to  the  United  States  in  1S53 
and  located  in  Sheboygan,  Wis.,  and  remained  there 
five  years.  In  iBsS  came  to  Peoria  and  worked  at  his 
trade  as  millwright.  In  1S65  enlisted  in  47th  I.  V.  I., 
Co.  B..  and  served  until  the  close  of  the  war.  Came 
back  to  Peoria,  and  in  1S71,  engaged  in  his  present  busi- 
ness. Has  a  large  and  neatly  furnished  room  with  five 
billiard  tables,  and  is  doing  a  lucrative  business.  Mar- 
ried Miss  Augusta  Franks  in  1S52.  She  was  a  native 
of  Germany  and  came  to  this  country  with  her  husband 
in  1S53.  They  have  live  children,  three  boys  and  two 
girls.  Mr.  F.  is  a  member  of  the  Masonic  Order,  Schiller 
Lodge,  No.  335,  of  Peoria,  and  of  Peoria  Commandery 
No.  3,  of  Knight  Templars. 

Frederick  Oco.  florist.  1502  Perrv  street. 

Freilurk-k  11.  N.,  iiifr.  aiiddlr.  In  harness.  113  S.  Washlnftlon  st. 

Krt-diTlck  J.  J.,  upliiitstt'rer.  113  .^.  Adiiins«trfel. 

Krt-fmaii  Setli  W..  rfs.  4l:l  lllliiuls  nvfinif. 

Freeuiaii  V.  11..  buul.i  uiid  sliufs.  311  Main  street. 

FRI  i:i>ltK'K  GKOKGE,  botanist  and  flor- 
ist, 1502  Perry  street.  Was  born  in  Piermont,  Ger- 
many, in  1821 ;  parents  were,  William  and  Caroline 
Friedrick.  He  learned  ihe  business  of  florist  in  his  na- 
tive country;  came  to  America  in  184S,  via  New  Or- 
leans and  St.  Louis,  and  settled  in  Peoria,  and  on  pres- 
ent place  in  1852.  Mr.  F.  received  an  education  in  the 
general  schools  of  Germany,  and  has  since  made  a  life 
study  of  holany.  Has  two  large  greenhouses,  crowded 
with  nearly  2,000  specimens  of  rare  indigenous  and  ex- 
otic plants,  making  one  of  the  finest  collections  in  the 
West.  In  procuring  and  propagating  he  has  spared 
neither  pains  nor  money.  It  can  be  Irulhfully  said  he 
is  wedded  to  his  profession,  Mr.  F.  married  Anna  M. 
.Slein  in  Si.  I.ouis,  a  native  of  Holstcin,  Germany,  who 
has  borne  him  three  children,  all  deceased. 
Prenota  Jobn  8.  tallur,  tr*.  ItIS  Perry  streoi. 
FKK.SKMUS  KD.  res.  33t  S.  M«di$on  sireel. 
Friitii.  h  K.  «i..ri'  (liier.  m  .V.  Water  street. 

FltUKIIOFF  JUMUS,  Government  store 
keeper;  resides  <)i8  S.  Adams  street;  was  iMirn  in 
Germany,  June  14.  1830.  His  parents  died  when  he 
was  very  young,  and  he  was  raised,  educated,  and  ac- 
quired his  trade  of  machinist  in  his  native  country,  and 
there  married,  November  13,  1856,  Miss  Mary  Uankin, 
a  native  of  Hanover,  by  whom  he  had  one  daughter  — 


Annie.  In  the  year  after  marriage  he  came  to  Ameri- 
ca, landing  at  New  Orleans  May  9,  1857,  and  coming 
up  the  river,  settled  in  Peoria,  and  there  worked  at  his 
trade  till  September,  1861,  when  he  enlisted  in  Co.  K, 
44th  111.  Vol.  Inf.  Among  the  many  engagements  he 
participated  in  were  those  of  Pea  Ridge,  Pittsburg 
Landing,  Corinth,  Perryville,  Ky.,  and  Nashville.  He 
was  slightly  wounded  at  the  first  named  battle  ;  was 
mustered  out  .September  26,  1S64,  at  Atlanta,  Ga.,  and 
returned  to  his  home  in  Peoria.  While  in  the  South 
his  wife  died.  May  2,  1864.  and  after  some  months  he 
married  in  1S65,  Mrs.  Johanna  Frazer.  a  native  of  Han- 
over, who  was  born  June  21,  1S25.  In  the  year  of  his 
second  marriage  he  engaged  in  the  saloon  business,  and 
continued  until  October  I,  1879.  when  he  received  his 
appointment  to  the  position  he  now  occupies.  Him- 
self and  wife  are  members  of  the  Lutheran  Church. 

Krye  .1.  C.  physician.  120  Franklin  street. 
Fuchs  C.  H.  Kfucer.  TIJ  First  street. 

FULLKK  S.  A.  steam  laundry,  106  Main  street. 
Was  born  in  Geneva,  .■\shtabula  counly,  Ohio,  Septem- 
ber, 1849,  Son  of  David  .K.  and  Susan  M.  Fuller. 
They  now  reside  in  Neopolis,  Ohio.  He  located  in 
Peoria  June  6.  1 879.  and  started  the  steam  laundry  busi- 
ness, where  he  is  prepared  to  do  all  kinds  of  work  in 
his  line  on  short  notice,  and  the  best  of  satisfaction 
guaranteed  to  all. 

Furkle  Thos.  J.  709  Sevenlli  street. 
Fuller  H.  V.  allorney,  227  Main  street 

FRYE  S.  E.  P.  O.  Kickapoo. 

FURST  -VLEXAXDER,  Supt.  House  of 
Correction.  Was  born  in  Germany,  June  I,  1S41,  and 
is  the  son  of  Ernest  Frederick  and  Jane  (Winter) 
Furst,  natives  of  that  country.  He  grew  up  upon  his 
f.ither's  farm,  and  when  twenty-four  years  of  age  came 
with  hi-i  mother  and  the  rest  of  the  family  to  America, 
landing  at  New  York,  in  Ocloher,  1865.  They  first 
went  to  Milw.iukee,  where  they  resided  together  for 
about  a  year,  and  then  Mr.  Furst  went  to  Cumming 
counly.  Neb.,  where  he  farmed  for  five  years,  and  in 
October,  1871.  came  to  Peoria,  where  he  has  ever  since 
resided.  He  married  there  in  December,  1876,  Miss 
Elizabeth  .Schneider,  a  native  of  Germany,  who  came  to 
.■\merica  with  her  parents  when  an  infant,  by  whom  he 
has  h.id  one  child  —  Paul  — born  October  7,  1877.  and 
who  died  on  Christmas  day,  1879.  .\fter  coming  to 
Peoria  he  clerked,  and  kept  books  in  various  business 
places  foi  some  years,  until  he  received  his  appointment 
to  his  present  position  April  9,  1879.  The  appoint- 
ment was  for  a  term  of  four  years.  He  owns  a  farm  of 
200  acres  of  fine  farming  land  in  Cummings  counly. 
Neb.     His  mother  is  still  alive  and  resiiles  in  Peoria, 

Fuller  M.  F. .  U.  N.  slorekreMr.  res   H»  S,  Jeflersiih  strMl. 

Fullon  II.  F.  res.  I  IT  s   lUle  >lr<i'l. 

Oatdr  Adam,  ftaluun.  allej  rear  215  Main  slrret. 

Oalile  Oeo.  W,  allornry.  luo  N.  Adams  sireel. 

(J.MU.K  .lOlIN    M.  saloon.  Commercial  alley. 


PEORIA   CITY  DIRECTORY. 


651 


rear  of  214  Main  street,  was  born  in  Davenport,  Iowa, 
July  5,  1S42,  and  is  the  son  of  Adam  Gable,  a  native  of 
Germany.  When  very  young  his  parents  came  to  Peo- 
ria, and  here  he  was  raised  ;  has  been  in  business  for 
himself  at  present  location  for  twelve  years,  and  does 
much  the  largest  retail  liquor  business  in  the  city.  He 
married,  November  30,  1862,  in  Decatur,  Til.,  Mrs.  Eva 
Tomlinson,  a  native  of  Tennessee,  by  whom  he  has  had 
eleven  children,  three  of  whom  are  now  alive  —  Cora 
Bell,  George  N.,  and  John  Oglesby.  Besides  his  liquor 
business,  Mr.  Gable  runs  a  large  livery  and  sale  stable, 
where  vehicles  of  all  kinds  can  be  hired  at  moderate 
rates. 

GABLER  F.  grocer,  1201  S.  Adams  street,  was 
born  in  Berks  county,  Pa.,  in  1831,  and  is  the  son  of 
John  and  Catherine  (Rich)  Gabler,  natives  of  Pennsyl- 
vania. When  eight  years  of  age  he  came  to  Hunting- 
ton county.  Pa.,  with  his  parents,  and  resided  there  till 
nineteen  years  old,  when,  in  1850,  he  came  to  Peoria 
county,  and  has  ever  since  been  a  resident  of  it.  He 
farmed  for  three  years  in  Limestone  township,  and 
married  there  in  April,  1861,  Miss  Rosana  Haller,  a 
native  of  Germany,  by  whom  he  has  had  five  children, 
four  now  living  —  George,  Emma,  Sarah,  and  Ida.  He 
came  to  the  city  of  Peoria  in  1S65,  and  after  about  one 
year  in  the  brewery  business,  sold  out,  and  started  in 
his  present  line,  and  has  since  continued  it  in  the  same 
block.  He  does  a  good  business,  and  carries  a  stock 
of  from  $3,000  to  $4,000  ;  owns  two  stores  and  lots  on 
the  corner  of  S.  Adams  and  Pecan  streets.  Mr.  Gabler 
is  a  member  of  the  Congregational  Church. 

GALE  HON",  JACOB,  secretary  of  Peoria 
Gas  Lighting  Co.,  residence  North  street,  blufl".  is  a 
native  of  Salsbury,  N.  H.,  where  he  was  born  in  1S14. 
•His  parents,  Benjamin  and  Achsah  Gale,  nee  Bailey, 
were  also  natives  of  New  Hampshire.  Judge  Gale  was 
educated  at  Dartmouth  College,  and  graduated  with  the 
class  of  1833.  He  came  to  Peoria  the  year  following, 
began  the  study  of  law,  and  was  admitted  to  practice  in 
1837  ;  continued  an  active  member  of  Peoria  bar  until 
he  was  appointed  clerk  of  the  circuit  court,  in  1844, 
the  clerkship  being  then  an  appointive  office.  Having 
served  in  that  capacity  for  twelve  years,  he  was  appointed 
circuit  judge  in  1856,  which  office  he  resigned  after  fill- 
ing it  one  year.  Judge  Gale  has  never  resumed  the  law- 
practice  since  his  retirement  from  the  bench,  but  has 
served  two  terms  as  mayor  of  Peoria,  and  was  for  a 
number  of  years  superintendent  of  the  city  schools.  He 
spent  several  years  on  a  farm  near  the  city,  and  has 
been  secretary  of  the  gas  company  nearly  eight  years. 
He  married  in  Peoria,  in  the  Spring  of  1838,  Charlotte 
Bartlelt,  also  a  native  of  Salsbury.  She  died  nine  years 
ago,  leaving  two  sons.  Mr.  G.  is  a  member  of  the  Sec- 
ond Presbyterian  Church. 

Uallager  Jua.  peildler.  901  Third  street. 


G.iIIaEher  Patrick,  res.  901  Third  street. 
Gautt  Thomas  D.  agt.  V.  S.  &  D.  res.  205  Fifth  street. 
Gans  Wui.  grocer,  209  S.  Maillsoii  strcrt. 
Gardner  W.  ,1.  roofer,  res.  413  Hiirltnit  street. 
Garrett  A.  china,  wall  paper,  elf,  211  s.  Atlams  street. 
Gattiit  Kdward.  cooper,  i^^.  Washington  street. 
(TauKle,John  A.  marble  cutter,  res.  1013  N.  Adams  street. 
(Jaul  John,  bakery,  res.  313  Merrlman  street. 

GAUSS  WILLIAM,  grocer,  209  S.  Madison 
street.  Is  a  native  of  Germany  born  in  the  city  of 
Nuetingen,  on  the  igth  day  of  July,  1842.  Emigrated 
to  the  United  States  in  1853,  with  his  parents,  who  lo- 
cated in  Amboy,  N.  J.,  where  they  remained  two  years, 
then  came  to  Peoria  county  and  engaged  in  cigar  man- 
ufacturing, and  continued  in  that  until  1869,  when  the 
subject  of  this  sketch  embarked  in  the  grocery  business 
on  his  own  account,  and  has  carried  on  the  business 
successfully  since.  Always  keeps  on  hand  the  very  best 
stock  the  market  affords,  and  by  fair  dealing  and  close 
attention  to  business  has  built  up  a  trade  that  bids  fair 
to  be  remunerative.  Married  Miss  Sophia  Pottchoff, 
October  31,  1867.  She  was  born  in  1846,  in  Germany. 
Their  family  consists  of  four  girls  and  one  boy. 

Gehhard  C.  Mrs.  res.  1512  N.  Monroe  street. 

Gebke  F.  1117  Plank  road. 

Gebhardt  T.  res.  1412  .\.  Monroe  street. 

Gelger  John,  res  1101  \.  .Madison  street. 

Gelker  Harm.  laborer  res.  123  Gallatin  street. 

GehrJohn.  West  lilutf  street. 

Geldenneister  J.  cooper,  res.  107  Cass  street. 

GengericK  J.  brewer.  S.  Water,  below  Bridge  street. 

GiTdes  G.  T.  laborer,  res.  113  Gallatin  street. 

Gibbons  John,  laborer,  710  Smith  street. 

GIBHABDT  THEODORE,  meat  market, 
912  N.  Adams,  corner  Spring  street.  Was  born  in  Ger- 
many, November  27,  1830.  Son  of  Jacob  and  Dorothy 
Gibhardt.  Emigrated  to  America  at  the  age  of  twen- 
ty-five, and  settled  in  Peoria  in  1S55.  (In  his  native 
country  he  learned  and  pursued  the  trade  of  glass  blow- 
er) ;  worked  at  various  places  after  coming  to  the  coun- 
ty, after  which  he  went  into  his  present  business.  For 
his  first  wife,  married  Minnie  Schilling,  in  Peoria.  She 
was  a  native  of  Germany.  She  died  nine  'years  after 
their  marriage,  leaving  one  daughter,  Minnie.  For  his 
second  wife,  married  Miss  Minnie  Rammieg,  October 
4.  1877.  She  was  a  native  of  Cincinnati,  Ohio  ;  by  this 
marriage  there  is  one  child,  Theodore,  born  July  12, 
1878. 

Gibson  L.  B.  wholesale  grocer.  104  S.  Washington  street. 
Gibson  N.  C.  city  engineer,  res.  1319  N.  Jelferson  street. 

GIEXOW  WILLIAM,  saloon  keeper,  700  S. 
Washington  street.  Was  born  in  Prussia,  Febiuary  5, 
1840.  Came  to  the  United  States  in  1871,  and  settled 
in  Peoria,  where  he  worked  as  a  laborer,  and  in  1875 
commenced  the  saloon  business,  which  he  still  follows. 
Married  Miss  Augusta  Ferg.  She  was  born  in  the 
same  place,  February  6,  1843.  They  had  six  children, 
four  of  whom  are  living  —  Louisa,  Carl,  Annie,  Carrie 
(deceased),  William  and  Louis. 

GIFFORD  GEORGE  W.  wholesale  dealer 
in  cider  and  vinegar,  128  S.  Water  St.  Was  born  in 
Putnam  Co.,  Ind.,  Feb  28,  1848.  and  resided  there  until 


C52 


HISTORY  OP  PEOUIA  COUNTY. 


1 874, when  he  moved  to  Terre  Haute,  Ind.,  where  he  en- 
gaged as  clerk  in  a  boot  and  shoe  house.  Thence  came 
to  Peoria  and  engaged  in  his  present  business.  Mar- 
ried .Mi*s  Anna  Reed.  January  7,  1878.  She  was  a  na- 
tive of  Indiana,  and  a  resident  of  Evansville.  Mr.  G., 
by  energy  and  industry,  has  built  up  a  lucrative  busi- 
ness. 
Olllirrt  AaroD  K.  r«.  sw.  cor.  AmutroDgarenDe. 

OILBi:UT  GEORGK  W.  H.,  hatter  and 
furrier,  S.  Adams  Street ;  was  born  in  Peoria,  February 
12,  1837.  His  father,  Henry  Gilbert,  was  bom  and 
brought  up  near  Charing  Cross,  London,  Eng.;  left 
home  for  the  New  World  with  a  good  education,  be- 
sides the  mastership  of  the  trade  of  architect  and 
builder;  arrived  in  Peoria  in  1834:  soon  after  made 
the  acquaintance  of  and  married  Margaret  A.  Fash, 
daughter  of  a  retired  sea  captain,  who  came  from  New 
York,  and  settled  on  lands  previously  bought  in  the 
county,  where  he  died  in  July,  1S48  ;  widow  still  lives 
as  the  wife  of  Dr.  Harmon  Couch.  George  H.  received 
a  liberal  education  in  the  city  schools  and  at  Wesleyan 
Seminary,  in  which  he  won  distinction  for  scholarship. 
April  I,  1852,  he  began  the  apprenticeship  to  the  hat, 
cap  and  fur  trade  with  .\lex.  Bishop.  In  July,  1858,  he 
became  a  one-thiid  partner  with  Mr.  liishop,  in  the 
best  store  of  its  class  in  the  city.  February  I,  1865, 
Mr.  Bishop  withdrew  to  go  to  Chicago,  leaving  Mr.  G. 
senior  partner  and  manager  of  the  growing  business. 
An  unfortunate  partnership,  the  financial  depression 
succeeding  the  war,  and  some  other  bad  movements 
culminated  in  disaster,  which  brooded  over  him  for 
sometime,  but  by  hard  struggling,  with  no  loss  of  self- 
respect  or  the  confidence  o(  others,  he  is  rapidly  re- 
gaining his  feet  again.  On  the  22d  of  February.  1S58, 
Mr.  G.  married  N.  Josephine  Speers,  from  Belle  Ver- 
non, Pa.,  who  died  January  12,  1865,  leaving  four  sons 
and  three  cfaughtcrs  ;  only  two  sons  and  one  daughter 
survive.  August  30,  1876,  Miss  Alice  'Osborn  from 
Kipley,  O.,  became  his  second  wife.  Mr.  G.  early  united 
with  the  Presbyterian  Church,  in  which  he  has  been  ac- 
tive and  a  zealous  worker  in  the  Sunday-school  cause. 
He  cast  his  maiden  vote  for  Abraham  Lincoln,  and  has 
ever  been  a  staunch  Republican.  He  has  been  the 
efficient  secretary  uf  the  Old  Settlers  Union  since  its 
inception. 

GILL  SAMLIOL  Ij.  deputy  sherifl,  310  Hamil- 
ton street,  is  the  son  of  James  (jill  and  Rebecca  I. inch. 
Was  born  in  1833  in  Bridgeport.  New  Jersey.  His 
mother  died  in  1837;  father  removed  to  Cincinnati, 
O.,  in  1838,  and  soon  after  to  KImwood,  Peoria  county, 
III.  He  married  again  to  Sarah  Jackson,  of  Farming- 
ton,  Fulton  county,  and  engaged  in  dealing  in  horses 
and  mules.  Having  purchased  eighty  acres  of  raw 
prairie  in  Elmwood  township,   Peoria  county,  Samuel 


settled  on  and  farmed  it  a  number  of  years.  He  mar- 
ried Anna  E.  Hurff.  of  Elmwood,  September  15,  1857  ; 
removed  to  Elmwood  city  in  1S65  ;  was  collector  of 
the  township  that  year.  In  1 866  was  chosen  deputy 
sheriff,  and  has  held  the  oftice  continuously  since,  save 
two  years — 1869  and  '70  —  when  he  was  sheriff,  and 

1872  when  he  served  as  chief  of  the  city  police.  His 
marriage  with  Miss  Hurff  has  resulted  in  two  children, 
Carrie  M.  and  Wellington  E.  Mr.  G.  is  a  member  of 
A.  F.  &  A.  M.  Father  died  in  Elmwood  in  1859,  and 
his  stepmother  in   1S70. 

GILLIG  JOSKPH,  saloon  keeper,  221  &  223 
Fulton  street,  was  born  in  Woerstadt,  Germany,  in 
183S.  Came  to  the  United  States  in  1S55,  and  located 
directly  in  Peoria ;  worked  some  time  at  his  trade  — 
baker  ;  traveled  considerably'for  several  years  and  en- 
gaged in  the  butchering    business   for    a    time,    and  in 

1873  opened  a  saloon.  He  married  Margaret  Pfeiffer, 
of  Peoria,  but  born  in  Bavaria,  Europe.  They  have 
one  living  child,  Annetta.  Mr.  G.  is  a  member  of  the 
A.  F.  &  A.  M.,  and  several  other  societies ;  in  politics 
is  a  staunch  Republican. 

Gillespie  John,  laiiorer.  res.  41S  Johnson  ttrect. 
Gllliuaii  V.  itone  ina»oii.  148  limy  streeL 
tilasa  Wm.  M.  plow  works,  res.  1905  I'ralrle  slrvct. 
Uleasou  John.  ('arii«iiler.  ren.  301  Johnson  street. 

GLKASOX  WILLIAM,  grocer.  201  First 
street,  was  born  in  county  Kilkenny,  Ireland,  in  April, 
1847,  and  is  the  son  of  Martin  and  Catharine  (Kelly) 
Gleason,  natives  of  that  county.  He  came  to  America 
with  his  mother  when  about  three  years  old,  landing  at 
New  York,  and  settling  upon  a  farm  which  they  bought 
in  Waukesha  county.  Wis.  Here  he  was  raised  until 
about  twenty-two  years  of  age.  when  he  went  to  St. 
Louis,  and  after  attending  school  for  some  time  there 
returned  to  Wisconsin,  and  from  thence  went  to  Min-' 
nesota,  where  he  taught  school  for  two  years,  and  again 
returning  to  Wisconsin  taught  school  in  Chippeway 
Falls  county  for  other  two  years.  He  then  began  the 
grocery  business,  and  carried  it  on  until  he  was  taken 
down  with  a  severe  attack  of  typhoid  fever.  On  his 
recovery  he  found  his  business  so  much  run  down,  and 
the  expenses  consequent  upon  his  illness  so  large  that  he 
was  obliged  to  sell  out  in  order  to  meet  his  liabilities. 
He  then  came  to  Peoria  in  .\pril.  1S77.  ami  started  his 
present  business  at  present  location.  He  married  in 
Milwaukee  September  26.  187S,  Miss  Mary  McMahon, 
a  native  of  Wisconsin,  by  whom  he  has  had  one  child  — 
Thomas  —  bom  September  I.  1879.  Himself  and  wife 
arc  members  of  the  Catholic  Church. 

GII>I>S  .lOIIN  M.  brewer,  res.  814  Sanford 
street,  w,^  born  in  llcrfordshire.  England  in  1818  ;  is 
the  sonofKev.  Henry  Gipps,  L.L.I).,  rector  of  Si. 
Peters  church  in  I Icrford.  His  mother's  maiden  name 
was  Kmma  M.  Plumtre.  Mr.  G.  was  one  of  a  family 
of  four  brothers  and  six  sisters.     He  descended  from  a 


/ 


/ 


PEOHIA    CI  TV    DIRECTORY. 


653 


very  wealthy  family  ;  has  a  hrolher  a  member  of  Par- 
liamciit  and  others  in  high  official  iiositions.  lie 
graduated  from  Cambridge  University  in  1838,  as  a 
barrister,  came  to  United  States  in  184S,  located  in 
Tazewell  Co.,  111.,  engaged  in  merchandising  and  farm- 
ing ;  closed  out  the  former  business  in  1858  or  '59  ;  left 
the  farm  and  came  to  the  city  in  1871,  having  become 
identified  with  the  brewing  business  previously.  The 
firm  of  Gipps  &  Co.,  now  does  the  heaviest  business  in 
central  Illinois,  running  from  1,200  to  1,400  barrels  per 
month.  Mr.  G.  married  Ellen  Davidson,  in  Brooklyn, 
N.  Y.,  in  1S52  ;  she  was  born  in  England  ;  they  have 
two  children,  Bessie  W.  and  George  H.  Mr.  G.  is  a 
member  of  I.  O.  O.  F. 

GODEL  EBERHAKDT,  packer  of  and  de.il- 
er  in  fresh  and  salt  meats.  Sale  room  119  N.  Wash- 
ington street.  Was  born  in  Fenerback,  Wuertenbach, 
in  1S36.  Came  to  the  United  States  in  1850.  Was 
married  to  Elizabeth  Rentz  in  1857,  and  settled  in 
Monmouth,  Illinois,  and  in  1859  came  to  Peoria,  and 
engaged  in  his  present  business  in  1868,  and  has  con- 
tinued in  the  same  since,  and  has  built  up  a  business 
which  bids  fair  to  make  him  in  easy  circumstances 
through  life. 

Gohlbeck  M.  Mrs.,  saloon,  res.  319  S.  Washington  street. 
GoUIsboroiiKh  Wni..  carpenter  2.35  N.  Water  street. 
Goldsboruugh  N..  res.  1122  N.  Monroe  street. 
Goldstein  John  N.,  cooper,  333  Gallatin  street. 

GOOUHARDT  JOHN,  grocer,  739  Plank 
road.  Was  born  on  the  3rd  day  of  March,  1S20,  in 
Marenburg,  Prussia,  emigrated  to  the  United  States  in 
1854  ;  landed  at  New  Orleans  and  thence  to  Peoria, 
and  remained  a  short  time,  then  went  to  Washington 
where  he  worked  at  the  carpentering  trade  about  two 
years,  then  returned  to  Peoria.  Married  Miss  Fisher  in 
Nov.  1857.  Has  been  engaged  in  the  grocery  trade  for 
the  past  twelve  years  at  his  present  stand.  By  close  at- 
tention to  business  and  fair  dealing  has  built  up  an 
enviable  trade.  The  firm  at  present  is  Goodhardt  & 
Fisher. 

Goodman  Mars',  res.  133  Gay  street. 
Goodwin  w.  B.,  carpenter,  608  Green  street. 
Gorman  Daniel,  gas  pipe  layer,  res.  Antoinette  street. 
Gorman  John,  grocer.  101  S.  Adams  street. 
Gorman  J.  P.,  carpenter.  81.')  S.  Adams  street. 
Gorsnch  F.,  clerk,  res.  1517  Main  street. 
Gorsnrli  ilf>seph,  brick  layer,  res.  417  Kloral  street. 
Gorsuch  Wm.  carpenter,  res.  214  S.  Bourland  street. 

GOURAN  THOMAS,  res.  70S    Fifth   street, 

was  born  in  the  county  of  West  Meath,  Ireland,  about 

the  year  1805,  and  is  the  son  of  John  Gouran  and  Rosie 

Haley.      His  father  was  a  native  of  West  Meath,  and 

his  mother  of  Kildare.     He  was  raised  on   his   father's 

farm.     After  coming  to  manhood    farmed   for   himself, 

and  married  in  1840  Miss   Margaret  Garigan,  a  native 

of  West  Meath,  by  whom  he  has  had  a  family  of  seven 

children,  six    now   alive,   John,   James,    Rosie,    Jane, 

Bridget  and   Margaret.     The    whole    family    came    to 

America  in  1858,  and  came  straight  to   Peoria   where 

they  have  since  resided.     All  of  his  family  reside  with 


him,  and  are  members  of  the  Catholic  Church.  He  has 
worked  for  many  years  upon  Ihe  railroads,  but  in  con- 
sequence of  an  injury  received  .some  three  years  ago  he 
hss  not  of  late  been  able  to  do  anything. 

GRAGG  JOHN  S.  engineer  Monarch  mills. 
Was  born  in  Niagara  Co.,  New  York,  July  4,  1831.  Son 
of  Levi  and  Ann  Gragg,  both  of  which  are  now  de- 
ceased. The  subject  of  this  sketch  was  a  soldier  of  the 
Mexican  war  of  1846.  Served  in  Griffin's  battery  for 
eighteen  months.  Then  came  to  Peoria  where  he  en- 
tered machine  shops  until  1S52.  Went  to  California 
where  he  worked  as  engineer  in  the  Pony  mines  for 
nineteen  months  ;  returned  to  Peoria  where  he  again 
engaged  in  running  an  engine  until  the  outbreak  of  the 
war.  He  enlisted  in  the  8th  Mo.  Infantry  and  served 
two  years ;  from  there  was  promoted  to  Captain  of  a 
colored  company,  in  which  capacity  he  served  for  three 
years ;  mustered  out  and  returned  again  to  Peoria, 
where  he  married  Augusta  Schenke  in  1864.  She  was 
born  in  Germany  in  1842  ;  they  have  three  children  Alice, 
Henry,  and  Agnes.  M  the  present  time  is  one  of  the 
engineers  in  the  Monarch  mills. 

Goncher  Martha  Mrs.  res.  1700  N.  Adams  street. 
Graber  Henry,  miller,  res.  2105  S.  Adams  street. 
Gratier  R.  res.  615  Second  street. 
Graham  Eliza  Ellen,  209  Jackson  street. 
Graham  M.  cabinet  maker,  812  Fourth  street. 
Grant  J.  lab.  res.  409  Hurlbut  street. 
Grant  RoiuTt.  bookkeeper,  1513  N.  Adams  street. 
Graii-cs  William,  grocer.  209  S.  Madison  street. 
Gray  Mary  Mrs.  res.  105  N.  Monroe  street. 
Green  Siuiou  C.  butcher,  res.  517  .Second  street. 

GREEN  GEORGE  M.  boot  and  shoe  maker, 

418  Main  street,  was   born   in  Wurtemburg,  Germany, 

Nov.  25,  1835,  and  is  the  son  of  George  Adam   Green 

and  Rosina  Prellos,  natives  of  Wurtemburg.   He  resided 

there  until  sixteen  years  of  age,  when,  with  his  father,  he 

came  to  America,  landing  at  New  York  in  March,  1S52. 

They   settled   in    Philadelphia,  where   he    learned   his 

trade  and  worked  at  it  for  four  years,  and  for  two  years 

in    Baltimore,  and    while   in    the    latter  city  married, 

April  7,   1858,   Miss  Anna  Wilhelmina  Wallrecher,  a 

native  of  Prussia,  who  came  to  America  in   1S56,   by 

whom  he  has   had   nine   children,   eight    now   living, 

John.  Annie,  Rosie,   Caroline,  Henry,  Mary,  George, 

and  Minnie.     In  the  year  of  his  marriage  he  came  to 

Peoria,  and   shortly   afterwards   started  for  himself  in 

the  business  he  now  carries  on  ;    makes   a    specialty  of 

fine  work,  and  does  a  good  business  for  a  good  class  of 

customers. 

(ireen  Louis,  wholesale  grocer,  230  S.  Washington  street. 
Green  G.  M.  boots  and  shoes.  412  Main  street. 
Green  William  L.  Jr.  grain,  res,  712  Hamilton  street. 

GREENLEAF  C.  W..  D.D.S.,  dentist,  301 
Main  street,  was  born  in  Hartford,  Conn.,  Sept.  II, 
1S35,  and  is  the  son  of  Charles  Greenleaf  and  Caroline 
B.  Wilson,  natives  of  Connecticut.  He  was  reared  and 
educated  in  his  natal  city,  and  in  1848  removed  with 
his  parents  to  the  city  of  Peoria,  and  afterwards  com- 
pleted  his   education  by  attending  for  three   years  the 


\ 


6.54 


HISTORY   OF  PEORIA   COlXTY. 


classes  at  Knox  College,  Galeshurg,  Illinois.  Dr. 
Greenlcaf  comes  of  a  family  of  dentists,  his  great  grand- 
father, grandfather,  .ind  f.nher,  having  practiced  as 
such,  and  he  has  imbibed  a  knowledge  of  the  profession 
from  his  youth.  His  father  »as  the  second  dentist  to 
settle  in  Teoria,  and  he  practiced  there  for  many  years. 
Though  now  quite  an  old  gentleman  he  is  still  able  to 
attend  to  professional  matters,  but  his  son  attends  to  the 
bulk  of  the  practice,  and  does  much  the  largest  business 
in  the  city  ;  has  kept  same  business  location  lor  thirty- 
two  years.  Dr.  Grecnieaf  married  at  Sing  Sing.  N.  V., 
Sept.  II,  1856,  Miss  Phcebe  Quinby,  a  native  of  West- 
chester county,  N.  Y.,  and  the  daughter  of  Aaron 
Quinby,  of  Sing  Sing,  by  whom  he  has  three  children, 
Adele,  Ella,  and  Charles  li.  Greenlcaf.  His  parents 
are  still  alive  and  are  at  present  residents  of  Farming- 
ton,  Fulion  county,  Illinois. 

ORKEXWOOIXJKOIKiE  G.  millwright, 
res.  bluff,  near  Main  street,  was  bom  in  Dublin, 
Cheshire  county,  N.  H..  Nov.  13,  1808.  Is  the  elder 
of  two  sons  of  William  and  Hetsey  Greenwood  n« 
Morse.  Mr.  G.  is  the  eighth  generation  from  England 
on  his  father's  side,  and  his  great  grandfather,  Eli 
Morse,  was  a  native  of  Sherborn  as  was  his  grand- 
father, Thaddeus  Morse,  who  was  a  relative  of  Prof 
Morse  of  telegraph  fame.  William  Greenwood,  of 
Sherborn,  Mass.,  settled  in  Dublin  in  1765,  his  son 
Joshua  was  the  fifth  of  eight  children.  His  son 
William  and  his  son  George  G.,  were  born  on  the 
homestead  in  Dublin,  which  is  still  in  possession  of  the 
descendants.  Their  mother  having  died  when  Mr.  G. 
was  two  years  old,  he  and  his  brother  remained  with 
their  grandparents  till  sixteen  and  eighteen  re- 
specti%'ely.  He  began  working  at  millwrighting  with 
his  father  in  Orange  county,  N.  Y.,  in  l8i2,  and  re- 
mained there  until  1835,  when  he  came  to  Peoria 
county  Illinois;  soon  after  engaged  with  William  ami 
Asahel  Hale  to  build  the  Hale  mill  on  Kickapoo 
creek.  He  removed  to  the  city  in  Jan.,  1S43;  has 
devoted  his  life  to  his  trade.  Mr.  Greenwood  married 
Ellen  B.  Dunl.np,  of  Radnor,  I'eoria  county,  Jan.  I, 
1843,  by  whom  he  had  nine  children,  three  living, 
George,  Madora,  and  .Stephen  D.  He  owns  a  fine 
homestead  on  the  bluff  and  several  other  pieces  of 
property. 

(Ir^rlile  r.  rlffar  mAnufarliirfr,  1 1A1  s.  A<liifn«  ntreet- 
()rr«nvroo4l  A.  Iiilllwrtfflil,  ri'A.  tl',t9  Main  nlrcct. 
iirlT  Itotit,  C  vralii,  (iiikniti^r  nf  riuiuiiorcc. 
tjrlrr  I>.  I*.  Kraln,  re**,  "Jot  I'crry  Hirer!. 


GUIKIC  .JOHN  C.  of  Grier  &  Co.  grain  and 
commission  merchants,  res.  307  Perry  street.  Is  the 
ion  of  Rev.  Isaac  Grier,  a  Presbyterian  clergyman,  and 
formerly  president  of  Northumbciland  College.  I'enn. 
where  he  died  in  1814,  Hit  son,  John  C,  was  born  in 
Northumberland  in  i8o3;  went  to  Danville  in  1819. 
and  engaged  to  work  for  a  mercantile  house,  remaining 


there  in  that  business  until  1846,  when  he  lemoved  to 
Wilkesbarre,  Pa.,  and  spent  five  years  in  the  same  pur- 
suit; removed  to  Peoria  in  1851,  and  has  since  been 
engaged  in  packing  pork  and  in  the  lumber  and  grain 
trade.  His  son.  Gen.  D.  P.  Grier,  erected  the  first 
grain  elevator  in  the  city,  and  has  been  interested  as  a 
builder  or  owner  of  several  others.  The  business  of 
the  firm  is  now  chiefly  under  the  management  of  the 
sons,  who  do  the  heaviest  grain  and  commission  traffic 
of  any  firm  in  Peoria.  Mr.  Grier  married  Elizabeth 
Perkins,  in  Penn.,  a  native  of  that  State  by  whom  he 
had  a  family  of  three  sons  and  three  daughters.  He 
has  ever  been  active  in  advancing  the  financial  and 
moral  interests  of  the  city,  and  being  of  a  nervous  tem- 
perament, manifests  extraordinary  real  and  earnestness 
in  whatever  he  undertakes.  He  has  served  the  city 
two  terms  as  a  member  of  the  County  Board  of  Super- 
visors, against  his  personal  wish.  He  and  family  have 
for  many  years  been  active  members  of  the  Presbyteri- 
an Church,  and  Mr.  G.  has  been  a  member  of  the  lioard 
of  Directors  of  the  Northwestern  Theological  Seminary, 
Chicago,  since  the  school  was  founded,  in  1859. 

(irolner  fhllllp.  rooper.  f«.  418  W.  Ma<llsnn  »lre»>l. 
<irl(ttii  -T.  N.  I>ookkp«?|>er,  Harrison,  for.  (Vjmmorclal  Blreel. 
(irlmes  A.  .1.  rlnttilne.  ci>r.  Attains  and  Fulloii  streeu. 
Grlswold.1.  I*  rr*.  Moss  slrcet. 

GREY  AXI>REW  (deceased),  residence  105 
N.  Monroe  street.  W.->s  born  in  county  Derry,  Ireland. 
July,  1800;  came  to  the  United  Stales  in  1S27  and  lo- 
cated in  Pittsburg,  Pa.,  where  he  remained  three  years, 
and  thence  to  Nashville,  Tenn..  where  he  engaged  in 
the  boot  and  shoe  trade,  and  boating,  where  he  remained 
until  1833  when  became  to  Peoria  county  and  engaged 
in  the  mercantile  business  afterward  stcamboating, 
and  wholesale  grocery  business.  Married  Miss  Mary 
Stevenson,  daughter  of  James  Stevenson,  in  1830.  She 
was  born  in  Ireland,  November,  l8l2.  The  fruit  of 
this  marriage  was  e  ghl  children,  five  sons  and  three 
daughters.  Members  of  the  Presbyterian  Church.  Held 
the  office  of  City  Treasurer.  Mr.  G.  was  among  the 
earliest  settlers,  a  consistent  Christian,  and  respected 
by  all  who  knew  him.  Mrs  Grey  is  still  living,  honored 
and  respecle<l  by  all  who  know  her. 

Orlswnlil  M.  ra|illall»l,  iOi  Main  mrrrl. 
(irolT«»y  <!i-<t.  V.  lalMirr r.  rca.  .MM  Kvans  wlrorl. 
OrnnlK  K  lallnr.  «0.^  TavliT  «lrril. 
(ironlK  V.  hwtrhrr.  tr»    1517  S.  WjuhlnRton  ^Infl. 
(irosn  .1.  lallKf.  m.SS'*    A.lams  »lro<'l. 
lirunrnl  i'lin*.  riiRr.  3l>-' s    WasliliiKlon  alrcfl. 

GUD.VT  ADOI.I'H,  butcher.  i6ai  S.  Adams 
street,  was  born  in  Polaml,  October.  1850,  and  is  the 
son  of  John  Gudat  and  Kate  Zidat,  both  natives  of 
Prussia  ;  was  raised  there  until  1871,  when  he  came  to 
America  landing  at  New  York  in  Kail  of  that  year  ; 
came  straight  to  Peoria;  worked  on  farm  in  Tatewell 
county,  for  a  few  months,  and  then  came  to  the  city  and 
after  working  for  a  few  years  as  a  butcher,  slarleJ  for 
himself  in  the  Spring  of  187$,  and  has  since  continued 


PEORIA  CITY  DIRECTORY. 


655 


it.     He  married  July  31,  1876,  in  Peoria,  Miss  Sophia 

Lind.  a  native  of  Poland,  born  August,  1856,  by  whom 

he  has  had  two  children — Adolph   Cieorge   and  John 

Frederick.    His  wife  and  he  are  adherents  of  Lutheran 

Church. 

GuRer-Jotin,  harnessmaker.  108  N.  W.ishlngton  street. 

GUILli  JOHX  M.  constable,  res,  417  Han- 
cock street. 

GUTSCHE  ERNEST,  dyer,  122  N.  Adams 
street;  was  born  December  6.  1834,  in  Prussia,  and 
emigrated  to  the  United  States  in  1858,  and  located  in 
Chicago,  and  engaged  in  the  dyeing  business,  and  re- 
mained there  about  a  year,  worked  at  various  places 
until  1868,  when  he  came  to  Peoria  where  he  has  re- 
mained since.  Married  Miss  Anna  Guinther,  October 
21,  1870.  They  have  five  children,  one  boy  and  four 
girls.  Mr.  G.  is  a  member  of  the  A.  F.  &  A.  M.  of 
Peoria. 

Gutz  Wm.  second  hand  store.  411  .S.  Wastiinpton  street. 

Gnyer  Jacob,  re.s.  SOl-Knoxville  road,  BlnlT. 

Haoerer  C.  grocer,  315  Smith  street. 

Hadank  Jacob,  wheelwripbt  Plow  works. 

Hadank  J.  N.  painter,  res.  700  Cedar  street. 

Hadley  J.  M.  carpets.  i»09  S.  .4.danis  street. 

Hagan  B  prop.  Spring  Hill  Park. 

Haggerty  J.  (.'.  peddler,  res.  Webster  street. 

Hagerty  Saul.  res.  1004  Perry  street. 

Hageineyer  C.  H.  clerk,  res.  1017  S.  Adams  street. 

Hake  J.  F.  bookkeeper  Mec.  Nat.  Bank. 

HALE  ASAHEL  (deceased),  one  of  the  early 
settlers  in  Peoria,  and  noted  in  his  lifetime  as  a  public 
benefactor  and  a  philanthropist  as  well  as  a  prominent 
anti-slavery  man  when  it  required  courage  to  be  one, 
was  born  in  Pawlett,  Vt.,  on  December  10,  1791  ;  left 
his  native  State,  and  after  living  a  short  time  in  New 
York,  came  to  Illinois  in  1830,  and  the  following  year 
settled  in  Peoria,  which  was  his  home  until  his  death, 
on  March  23,  1864.  In  1838,  Mr.  Hale  received  the 
appointment  of  County  Treasurer,  by  the  Governor, 
and  filled  the  office  one  term.  He  espoused  the  anti- 
slavery  cause  in  the  early  years  of  its  agitation,  and  was 
a  radical  and  zealous  advocate  of  its  principles.  He 
became  associated  with  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church 
in  1840,  and  was  a  prominent  member  during  the  rest 
of  his  life.  He  and  Mark  Aiken  donated  the  lot  on 
which  the  First  M.  E.  Church  was  built  in  1844;  and 
prior  to  his  death  he  provided  for  the  erection  of  Hale 
Chapel  for  which  he  bequeathed  $12,000.  It  was  built 
by  the  executors  of  his  will,  and  a  committee  of  trustees 
designated  therein,  the  corner  stone  being  laid  on  June 
23,  1868,  and  dedicated  the  following  January.  For 
generations  this  edifice  will  perpetuate  the  memory  and 
noble  philanthropy  of  him  whose  name  it  bears  ;  and 
grateful  hearts  will  .ever  mingle  that  name  with  their 
thanksgiving  while  bowing  before  its  altar  in  worship. 
Mrs.  Laura  Hale,  his  widow,  still  survives,  and  occupies 
her  comfortable  residence  on  High  street,  near  the 
church. 
Hale  HannaU,  106  Perry  street. 


HALE  WILLIAM  HON.  (deceased),  resi- 
dence of  widow,  109  Perry  street.  One  of  the  promi- 
nent benefactors  of  Peoria,  now  deceased,  is  the  subject 
of  this  brief  record.  William  Hale  was  born  in  Pawlett, 
Vermont,  on  the  7th  of  December,  1783.  Hisearlylife 
was  spent  on  a  farm,  where  he  received  the  advantage 
of  a  good  common  school  education,  and,  like  many 
young  men  of  the  Green  Mountain  State,  spent  a  por- 
tion of  his  time  in  teaching.  He  settled  on  a  farm  in 
Oswego  county,  New  York,  and,  while  living  there,  be- 
came one  of  the  leading  men  of  the  county.  For  many 
years  he  held  the  position  of  justice  of  the  peace.  He 
was  then  appointed  to  the  associate  judgeship,  held 
the  office  of  deputy  sheriff,  then  sheriff,  of  the  county. 
In  1S35  he  came  to  Peoria,  and  in  company  with  his 
brother,  Asahel  Hale,  and  George  G.  Greenwood, 
erected  a  saw  and  grist  mill  on  the  Kickapoo  river.  At 
the  first  town  meeting  after  township  organization  was 
adopted,  on  the  2d  of  April,  1850,  he  was  elected  one 
of  the  first  Board  of  Supervisors.  He  was  also  the  first 
mayor  of  the  city  of  Peoria,  receiving  his  election  at 
the  adoption  of  the  city  charter,  on  the  2Sth  of  April, 
1845.  The  business  life  of  Mr.  Hale,  after  leaving  the 
mill,  was  mostly  spent  in  dealing  in  real  estate,  in  which 
he  became  quite  wealthy.  He  bought  at  an  early  time 
eighty  acres  in  the  central  portion  of  the  east  part  of 
the  city,  including  now  some  of  the  finest  residences, 
and  laid  it  out  into  streets  and  lots,  from  which  he  re- 
ceived a  handsome  income.  We  are  informed  that  he 
purchased  the  whole  eighty  for  $700,  scarcely  the 
price  of  one  lot  at  the  present  time.  Mr.  Hale 
added  Hale's  first,  second,  and  third  additions  to  the 
city  of  Peoria.  Mr.  Hale  was  a  prominent  member  of 
the  order  of  Free  Masons,  and  donated  the  ground  for 
a  Masonic  cemetery.  He  also  gave  liberally  to  the 
Methodist  Episcopal  Church,  of  which  he  was  a  mem- 
ber. In  politics  he  was  a  Democrat,  and  his  first  vote 
was  cast  for  General  Jackson,  the  second  term  of  his 
election  to  the  Presidency,  He  was  married  on  the 
27th  of  March,  1830,  at  the  age  of  forty-two  years,  to 
Miss  Hannah  Twitchell,  who  is  still  living  at  her  hus- 
band's late  residence  on  Perry  street.  Mr.  Hale  died 
November  25,  1859. 

HALEY  JONATHAN,  cooper,  Sio  Hamilton 
street.  Born  in  Tennessee,  April  20,  1823.  Son  of 
James  and  Sarah  (Harris)  Haley.  Father  settled  in 
McDonough  county,  Illinois,  in  1833,  and  died  in 
1S63;  mother  died  in  Peoria  in  1872.  Was  married 
February  29,  1843.  to  Elizabeth  Bowen.  She  was  born 
in  Ohio  in  1827.  They  have  had  eleven  children,  seven 
deceased.  Electa  A.,  William  T.,  John  W.,  Charles  F., 
Flora  A.,  Harry  and  Hannah.  The  living  are,  James 
A.,  Ada,  George  E.,  and  Minnie.  Mr.  Haley  learned 
his  trade  at  Rushville,  Illinois,  where  he  worked  until 
1S51  ;  came  back  to  Peoria,  and  worked  until  the  out- 


656 


HISTORY   OF   PE(»RIA   COUNTY. 


break  of  ihr  war,  when  he  enlisted.  August  20,  1S62, 
Co.  H,  86th  lit.  Inf.,  ami  serveti  one  and  a  half  years ; 
discharged  un  account  of  deafness;  returned  to  Peoria 
in  1864.  where  he  has  continued  the  manufacture  of 
barrels.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Haley  are  meml>ers  of  the  M. 
E.  Church.     Mr.  Haley  is  Republican  in  politics. 

Hairp^onT  John,  mtrble  cutter,  MB  Pulton  Btre«t. 
Hall  Ctiarlrs  H.  803  .s.  WaihlDKion  street. 

H.\LL  C.  S.  (retired),  S17  Fourth  street,  was 
bom  in  Cumberland  county.  New  Jersey,  August  30, 
1808,  and  is  the  son  of  Levi  Hall,  a  native  of  New  Jer- 
sey, an  old  veteran  of  the  Revolutionary  war,  and  I'ar- 
thenia  Stretch,  also  a  native  of  the  same  State.  His 
father  died  August  15,  1811,  and  his  mother  December 
'7>  lS33-  lie  ^>s  raised  on  the  home  farm,  and  resi- 
ded there  until  forty  years  of  age.  and  married  there  in 
1 83 1,  M.iy  5th,  Ph<ebe  Ayers.  daughter  of  Clayton 
Ayers.  who  was  horn  in  New  Jersey,  January  26.  181 1. 
They  h.ive  had  five  children,  four  now  living.  Mary, 
now  Mrs.  .Morris  Sims,  residing  in  Lawn  Ridge.  I'eoria 
county ;  Levi,  George,  and  James.  In  1849.  he  came 
with  his  family  to  Illinois,  and  settled  in  Farmington, 
Fulton  county,  where  he  larmed  for  some  years,  and 
about  1857  came  to  Peoria  county,  and  settled  on  sec- 
tion 6,  of  Hallock  township,  where  he  resided  until 
November  4,  1879,  when,  feeling  'he  hand  of  old  age 
bearing  heavily  upon  him,  he  moved  into  the  city  to  take 
a  much-needed  rest  after  his  years  of  toil.  Mrs.  Hall 
died  in  New  Jersey  in  September,  1S45,  and  he  mar- 
ried, August  24.  184S,  Mrs.  Matilda  Dawson,  a  native 
of  Missouri,  by  whom  he  has  had  ten  children,  five  now 
living:  Miriam,  Agnes,  Norman  and  Newton,  (twins), 
and  Martha.  During  his  stay  in  Hallock  township  he 
was  connected  with  the  Union  Haptist  Church,  .-aid  his 
wife  and  he  are  now  members  of  Peoria  Baptist  Church. 
He  owns  128  acres  of  tine  farming  land  in  home  farm, 
valuc<l  at  about  $S,ooo,  and  the  land  is  now  worked  by 
his  two  youngest  sons. 

Hall  Jsmet  l>.  portrait  paliitir,  rn.  Sne  Slilti  itrcct. 
Hall  .1.  H.  supt.  K.  H.  C,  H.  It).  1415  Pirry  strt-fl. 
Hall  L.  U.  rrt.  3UT  S.  AUanis  itrfct. 

HALL  AVILLIASI  A.  (retired),  residence 
1121  North  Monroe  street.  Was  born  1st  November, 
1798,  in  Westfield,  Middlesex  county.  Connecticut,  and 
remained  there  until  1820,  when  he  went  to  Ohio  and 
spent  the  .Summer ;  then  returned  to  the  place  of  his 
nativity,  serve<l  an  apprenticeship  at  gunsmithing,  mil- 
itary arms,  with  Col.  Simpson  Worth  at  Middletown, 
Conn.  Married  Miss  Prudence  T.  Spaulding,  May  5 
1822,  and  on  the  8th  of  the  same  month  started  for 
Chicago,  where  he  remained  one  year  in  government 
employ  ;  left  there  on  the  23d  of  June,  1823  ;  went  to 
a  town  called  Chagrine  ;  remained  there  until  183$ 
thence  to  Akron,  and  in  1826  to  Clinton,  Uhio :  from 
there  to  Pittsburg,  Pa,,  in  government  employ.  In  April, 


1830,  went  to  Cincinnati,  O..  employed  on  steam  engine 
works,  where  he  remained  three  years,  when  he  came 
to  Peoria  and  located.  Al  that  lime  there  were  only 
about  250  inhabitants  in  the  city.  He  engaged  in 
steamboating,  and  was  an  engineer  on  the  river  until 
1854,  when  he  quit  the  business.  .Mrs.  Hall  died  De- 
cember 32,  l8;2.  and  was  buried  in  what  is  now  Spring- 
dale  cemetery.  Married  for  his  second  wife  Mrs.  Sarah 
Thomas,  a  native  of  Pennsylvania,  and  a  sister  of  Jacob 
llepperly.  By  his  first  wife  there  were  ten  children, 
seven  girls  and  three  boys,  five  of  whom  are  still  living. 
They  are  both  members  of  the  church.  Mr.  Hall,  by 
industry  and  hard  labor,  has  accumulated  a  fine  prop- 
erty. 

Halloran  If.  marblr  rutter.  rea.  Sli  Hurltiut  slrMt. 

Haly  P..  911  8P<oml  utri'oc. 

H»lv  T.  .No.  16.^1  ."*.  .\<lami  street. 

Hamilton  A.  res.  104  Spt- iic<?r  street. 

H.VMILTOK  .lOHN  L.  physician  and  sur- 
geon, 229  South  Adams  St.,  was  bom  February  12, 1836, 
in  Pennsylvania ;  began  the  practice  of  medicine  in  1850 
in  the  city  of  Peoria,  and  has  resided  here  since.  Mar- 
ried Miss  Fannie  S.  Denison  in  1861.  They  have  had 
five  children,  two  girls  and  three  boys.  One  boy  and 
one  girl  deceased.  Politically  is  Republican.  Gradua- 
ted at  Sterling  Medical  College,  Columbus,  O..  in  1850. 
Hamilton  Wm.  R.  coal.  331  .'«.  Adams  street. 

HAMLIX  JHOX.  JOHN'  (deceased),  was  bom 
in  Hampden  county.  Mass..  October  25.  iSoo;  parents 
were  John  and  Lucy  Hamlin.  .\t  the  age  of  nine  years 
he  was  placed  on  a  farm  at  work  for  small  wages,  and 
when  older  went  to  school,  working  mornings  and  eve- 
nings for  his  board.  These  were  the  only  school  ad- 
vantages he  enjoyed,  save  a  Winter  at  Wallingford 
Academy,  and  by  this  means  he  obtained  a  meager 
English  education.  His  father  gave  his  sons  their 
time  from  the  .igc  of  sixteen  years.  At  that  age  John 
entered  the  emjiloy  of  an  older  brother,  to  sell  goods 
from  a  peddling  wagon,  at  which  he  spent  about  three 
years,  traveling  through  the  Eastern  and  Middle  States. 
In  the  Winter  of  1818-19.  he  closed  out  the  stock  of 
goods  in  Zanesville.  O.,  sold  the  wagon,  and  started  on 
horseback  for  Richmond,  Va.;  there  sold  his  horses, 
and  took  a  schooner  for  New  York  ;  spent  the  Winter 
in  visiting  friends  in  Massachusetts  ;  in  the  Spring  of 
1819  went  overland  to  Cincinnati.  O.;  went  thence  to 
Louisville,  Ky,;  returned  to  Madison,  Ind.,  in  a  few 
weeks;  sprnt  three  months  there;  and  then 
started  for  Missouri;  but  falling  in  with  a 
party  of  emigrants  bound  lor  the  Sangamon 
country,  concluded  to  go  there,  reaching  there  after 
1,300  miles'  travel  ;  landed  at  Judge  Latham's,  in  Elk- 
hart, where  he  remained  about  a  year,  improving  a 
piece  of  land.  In  1831  he  became  associated  with  the 
owner  of  a  keel  boat,  running  on  the  Sangamon  river, 
in  a  little  log  store  which  they  built,  and  put  in  a  small 


PEORIA 


ADAM    STUBER 

CHILLICOTHE. 


(^1/  l/^^t^yi'    ^^COiyt/(^-C<^7-<- 


PEORIA. 


GEORGE  6.  GREENWOOD 
PEORIA. 


PEORIA   CITY   DIRECTORY. 


657 


stock  of  goods.  In  company  with  .several  other  gentle- 
men Mr.  H.  visited  the  site  of  Peoria  early  in  May, 
rS2i,  and  found  but  two  loij  cabins.  He  was  cliarmed 
with  the  natural  beauty  of  the  place,  and  in  the  Spring 
of  1S22  removed  his  effects  with  an  ox  team  to  Fort 
Clark,  the  inhabitants  then  being  the  families  of  .\bner 
Eads,  a  Mr.  Mont  and  Mr.  Bogardus.  In  the  Spring 
of  1S22  Fulton  county  was  organized,  then  including 
Peoria,  and  Mr.  Hamlin  was  chosen  justice  of  the  peace. 
In  1823  William  Hamilton  took  a  contract  to  supply 
Fort  Howard,  at  Green  Bay,  with  beef  cattle,  and  ow- 
ing to  his  efficiency  and  knowledge  of  the  Indians,  Mr. 
Hamlin  was  engaged  to  accompany  the  expedition. 
Fort  Dearborn  —  now  Chicago  —  was  the  first  stopping 
place.  After  many  romantic  experiences  they  reached 
Green  Bay  July  2  1S23,  having  performed  the  journey 
in  thirty  days.  On  the  return  trip  Justice  Hamlin  per- 
formed his  first  marriage  ceremony  at  Fort  Dearborn  — 
the  first  in  the  place  —  uniting  in  wedlock  Dr.  Alexan- 
der Wolcott  to  Miss  Kinzie,  the  daughter  of  the  first 
white  settler  on  the  site  of  Chicago.  During  his  stay 
at  Fort  Dearborn  Mr.  H.  contracted  to  enter  the  ser- 
vices of  the  American  Fur  Company,  which  he  did  after 
a  brief  trip  home.  In  this  business  he  had  many  novel 
experiences  and  learned  much  of  Indian  character. 
Mr.  Hamlin  at  once  won  the  esteem  and  confidence  of 
his  employers,  and  the  next  year  was  sent  to  establish  a 
trading  post  at  Fort  Clark  —  his  home.  He  erected 
suitable  buildings  and  shipped  goods,  not  only  to  the 
Indians,  but  to  the  white  settlers.  Besides  the  usual 
fur  trade,  he  exchanged  goods  for  pork,  which  he 
packed  and  shipped  to  the  military  post  at  Chicago, 
and  for  cattle  for  the  same  market.  He  conceived  the 
idea  of  shipping  his  pork  by  keel  boat,  which  was  the 
first  effort  to  navigate  the  uncertain  waters  between 
Lake  Peoria  and  Chicago  with  any  thing  larger  than  a 
Mackinaw  boat  or  Indian  canoe.  The  whole  experi- 
ment proved  a  success.  Upon  his  return  he  gathered 
together  his  few  hundred  dollars  capital,  purchased  a 
stock  of  goods  in  St.  Louis  and  opened  a  store  of  his 
own  in  Peoria.  During  the  Summer  of  1825  he  erected 
a  small  frame  house,  18x24,  the  first  built  in  the  place, 
covered  it  with  split  clap-boards,  and  plastered  it  him- 
self with  white  clay  from  the  bluff.  In  the  Spring  of 
1826  he  bought  a  keel  boat  to  run  on  the  river  between 
Peoria  and  St.  Louis,  and  thus  cheapen  the  transporta- 
tion of  his  goods.  In  1828  he  established  a  branch 
store  in  Mackinaw  town,  Tazewell  county,  but  the  fol- 
lowing year  sold  out  his  entire  business  and  made  a 
visit  to  his  old  New  England  home.  Upon  his  return 
he  built  a  cabin  at  the  foot  of  the  bluff  and  engaged  in 
farming.  The  next  year  bought  the  stock  of  goods  at 
his  old  stand  and  re-embarked  in  the  mercantile  busi- 
ness. In  the  .Spring  Mr.  Hamlin,  in  company  with  a 
young  man  named  Sharp,  began  to  build  the  first  flour- 


ing mill  in  this  part  of  the  country.  It  was  completed 
the  next  year,  and  they  run  it  until  1834,  when  ihey 
sold  it.  He  purchased  a  fourth  interest  in  a  steamboat 
being  built  at  Pittsburg,  called  it  Peoria,  to  run  between 
that  city  .and  St.  Louis,  and  was  the  first  Peorian  to 
own  an  interest  in  a  steamboat  on  the  Illinois  river. 
Mr.  Hamlin  was  one  of  the  first  board  of  trustees  of 
the  young  town  of  his  adoption  ;  served  later  as  alder- 
man; and  in  1834  was  elected  to  the  Illinois  General 
Assembly.  In  1836  was  chosen  to  the  State  Senate, 
and  re-elected  in  1838.  He  was  one  of  the  directors  of 
the  Second  National  Bank  from  its  organization,  and 
one  of  the  proprietors  of  the  savings  bank  of  Peoria. 
On  March  29,  1876,  he  died,  closing  an  active  and  use- 
ful life.  Mr.  Hamlin  possessed  a  great  versatility  of 
talent,  much  above  mediocre  in  quantity  and  quality. 
He  was  twice  married.  His  second  wife,  who  survives 
him,  was  the  daughter  of  Levi  and  Sarah  Johnson,  of 
Springfield,  111.,  a  native  of  Athens  county,  Ohio,  born 
January  10,  l8o8.  whom  he  married  April  10, 1827.  Mr, 
H.  left  a  comfortable  estate  for  the  widow  and  their 
adopted  daughter,  Mrs.  Vanbuskirk. 

Hancock  .Jonathan,  dealer  In  lumber,  Harrison  street. 

Hjinlon  .Tames,  coal  miner,  703  Wel>ster  street. 

Hanlon  Kate.  res.  1920  .V.  .letferson  street. 

Hanna  Rol>prt  S.  res.  709  Webster  street. 

Hanna  W.  T.,  U.  S.  store  Itpr.  res.  407  S.  Ailams  street. 

HANNY  RICHARD,  blacksmith  and  wagon 
manufacturer,  corner  Main  and  Hale  streets,  was  born 
in  Baden,  Europe,  in  1830.  John  Hanny,  his  father, 
was  a  farmer  in  that  country.  Mr.  H.  immigrated  to 
this  country  in  1850,  learned  his  trade  in  Lancaster 
county,  Penn.,  with  Alexander  Saunders.  Came  to 
Peoria  county  in  1853,  and  carried  on  business  in 
Kickapoo  six  years  ;  settled  in  Peoria  in  1859.  He 
now  does  a  blacksmithing,  wagon  making,  and  general 
repair  business  ;  formerly  for  seven  years  was  engaged 
in  the  manufacture  of  plows  and  cultivators,  turning 
out  from  $go,ooo  to  $100,000  worth  of  goods  per  year. 
He  married  Frances  Guger,  in  Peoria,  in  February, 
i860.  They  have  two  children,  Anna  and  Richard. 
The  family  are  members  of  the  Catholic  Church.  Mr. 
H.  owns  a  homestead  at  408  Hale  street,  and  the  shop. 

Hannilian  John,  teamster,  res,  1507  First  street. 
Hannlhan  Thomas,  teamster,  814  \Vel)ster  street. 
Hanson  M.  vegetables.  Central  Market. 
Harbers  Aaron,  res.  705  W.  Jefferson  street. 

HARDING  A.  C  business  manager  Peoria 
Starch  Manufactory,  was  born  in  Peoria  Dec.  31,  1857, 
and  is  the  son  of  George  F.  and  Adelaide  M.  Harding, 
presently  residing  in  Chicago.  His  father  purchased 
from  Tucker  &  Mansfield  the  site  of  the  manufactory 
and  began  to  make  starch.  The  business  has  since 
grown  to  large  proportions,  upwards  of  12,000,000 
pounds  are  annually  made,  consuming  2,000  bushels  of 
corn  per  day.  Mr.  Harding  married,  M.ay  7,  1879,  Miss 
Addie   Church,   who   was   born    March   20,    i860,    by 


658 


HISTORY   OF   PEORIA   COUNTY 


whom  he  has  one  child,  Ahncr  C,  born  in  February  of 

ihe  present  year. 

lUnllnc  K.  n.  rra.  119  lIlKli    lr«rl. 

Harer«(ahl  Jacob,  emblurt  maker,  306  HarrlKon  streeL 

HARKNESS  M.  O.,  U.  S.  storekeeper,  105 
S.  Oran(;e  street. 

HAKMAN"  PATRICK,  grocer.  314  N.  Jeffer- 

son  street,  was  born  in  county  Louth,  Ireland,  May  12, 

1812,  and  came  to.\merica  in  1S37.  arriving  in   Peoria 

Nov.  15,  of  that  year,  and  has  ever  since  made  it  his 

home.     Mr.   Harman    is    to-day    the    oldest    Irishman 

resident  of  Peoria  county.     He  married  in  March,  1841, 

Mary  Boyle,  a  native  of  Ireland,  who  came  to  Peoria 

at    the    same   time   as  himself,   by   whom  he  has  had 

thirteen  children,   .six   girls   and   seven  boys,   eight   of 

whom  are  now  alive.     Has  been  engaged  in  his  present 

business  since  1852.     Was  worth  in  i860  over  $20,CXX5, 

and  still  is  in  the  pos.ses5ion  of  considerable  property. 

Ilarmej  If.  M.  res.  711  W.  Jcfftriton  filreol. 

llarinoi)  John.  rv%.  1(18  Kalun  strcft. 

Ilariiian  I..  .Ir  aTloriii'y,  120  N.  AUainH  ntrpet. 

Harniuii  I'jtrirk  W.  hrirk  UyltiK,  rrs.  1*205  N.   Mailt.^oii   street. 

Harrr  (icfirife.  f<irciii.in  tioll»T  iiiaktT  T..  P.  A  W.  K.  R. 

HarrliiKIiiii  .r.  W,  lab   T3.'i  I'larik  ripail. 

MarriiiKtoti  M,  rarpfnti-r.  HOO  KMiirth  street. 

Harris  II.  Karili'tirr.  1703  .'^crniul  stri'ri. 

Harrh  Win.  H..  inasoii,  'i2b  N.  Kllzabcth  street. 

Harrison  I..,  rt-s.  717  Iturlbiit  slreei. 

Harsrh  (ice.  confrclluiitTv.  419  S.  Ailams  street. 

Harsch  (Jiistav  K.,  res.  lOli  .Second  street 

Harsrti  Jiicub.   manufacturer  cnnfectlonery,  etc.,   re«.  219  W. 

.Maillffcin. 
Har^ev  Daniel,  tailor,  res.  1502  S.  Washliiftton  street. 
Hart  N.  Mrs..  4.').')  Ilulter  street. 

Hart  .lobn  J.,  watchman,  I'  .  R.  I.  A  P.,  res.  809  Vorls  street. 
Hart  MoM's.  dairy.  '.'67  KluIT  street. 
Harth  ,t,ncob.  brlrk-layer,  res.  809  Welister  street. 
Hartler  Jobn.  res.  1909  >.  .Vdanis  street. 

HARTTKR  JOHN,  cigar  manufacturer,  1 14  N. 
Washington  street,  was  born  in  Wuertenback,  Ger- 
many, i''43.  Emigrated  to  the  United  States  in  1853. 
and  settled  at  Newark,  New  Jersey,  where  he  remained 
a  short  time,  and  in  August,  1S54,  came  to  Peoria. 
Married  Anna  Mary  Johns,  on  the  17th  day  of  June, 
1870.  The  fruit  of  this  marriage  was  four  children, 
three  trays  and  one  girl.  Mr.  II.  is  an  energetic  busi- 
ness man,  and  is  well  calculated  to  succeed  in  his  busi- 
ness. 
lUrtwlK  C.  F.  K.,  uloon,  1313  8.  Adams  strceu 

IIARTWICK  IIKNRY,  grocery,  1215  Main 
street,  wa-.  born  in  H.vlcn,  (Jerniany,  on  the  29th  day  of 
August,  1S29.  Emigrated  to  the  United  .States  in  1849 
(May  25),  located  in  New  York  city,  where  he  remained 
ten  years,  then  moved  to  Niagara  Falls,  and  remained 
here  six  years.  In  1865  came  to  Peoria,  and  was 
engaged  to  the  Peoria  &  Kock  Island  Railroad  Com- 
pany, as  a  civil  engineer,  and  was  with  them  five  years, 
after  which  he  engagcil  in  the  grocery  business.  Mar- 
ried .Miss  Elizabeth  Trif/er.  a  native  of  Kaden,  (ler- 
many,  and  came  to  this  country  in  1849.  Ily  this  mar- 
riage there  were  four  children,  two  girls  and  two  boys. 
It  a  member  of  the  order  of  A.  O.  U.  W. 

Harvey  K.  W..  com.  traveler,  res.  SOU  Moiilon  strvet. 

Haabronk  M  ,  N.  Klliabeth  atrKel. 

Ilaabroucti  Frank,  brick -luaaon.  rsa.  315  Kills  slrMt. 


Ilassclmever  A  .  res    1900  N.  Jefferson  street. 
Hank  K.  (j..  butcher,  ret.  512  Fulton  ttreel. 

HAUF  JOHN  -V.  baker,  401  N.  Adams  street, 
was  born  in  Germany,  in  1833.  Emigrated  to  America 
when  nineteen  years  old.  Worked  nearly  three  years 
at  the  baking  business,  and  a  few  months  at  cabinet 
work,  for  a  brother  in  Philadelphia.  Pennsylvania; 
thence  came  to  Peoria,  and  worked  two  years  for  I  louse 
&  Adams,  then  a  time  for  Frank  Field,  in  Ihe  bakery, 
after  which  he  conducted  a  shop  of  his  own,  for  several 
years.  Sold  out  and  engaged  in  huckstering  three 
years.  Opened  his  present  establishment  about  eight 
years  a;;o.  He  married  Elizabeth  Sommers  in  Peoria, 
about  twenty-five  years  ago.  She  is  a  native  of  France, 
but  brought  up  in  the  United  States.  Louis,  aged 
twenty,  is  the  only  one  of  their  three  children  living. 
He  owns  a  residence  and  bakery. 

H AUK  GODFREII>,.was  born  in  Germany; 
immigrated  to  the  United  States  forty-seven  years  ago, 
at  the  age  of  thirteen  ;  in  1S52  he    married    in    Miami 

Co.,  Ohio,  to  Miss  .\rsina ,  who  was  born  in 

Pickaway  Co.,  O..  in  1831.  Their  family  consists  of 
three  sons  and  two  daughters,  born  in  Peoria.  Frank 
started  in  the  butchering  business  in  January,  i877.and 
the  following  August,  formed  a  partnership  with  his 
brother  William.  They  are  doing  a  successful  business 
at  213  S.  Madison  street,  handling  from  thirty  to  forty 
head  of  stock  per  week.  .Mr.  llauk  removed  to  Peoria 
twenty-five  years  ago,  and  has  lived  in  the  city  since, 
save  one  season,  five  years  ago.  spent  on  the  Pacific 
coast. 

llauserS.  Mrs.  res.  10O6  S.  .\ilanis  slreel. 

Hnwf  J.  A    baker.  401  N     AOaui<   Mr.et. 

Ilanklns  John  II.  slilrl  r.i<tor\.  219  Kiiltnn  street. 

Mayden  I'eler.  res.  Ill  .lacks. Ml  strrel. 

Hayes  I'al   laborer.  102  Chlcaifii  street. 

Haz/ard  .lames,  contract. , rand  builder.  314  Fayette  si  reel. 

Ilazrard  .Itis.  F.  I'.  S.  st«ire-keei>er.  res.  301  Chambers  avenue . 

llean.1  II.  I  II.  I>   .».  Co.  1  re«   ICS  Floral  avenue. 

llc.bt  J    res    1609  .s   Adams  slreet. 

Ili'.lrl'  k  llenrv.  clirk.  cor    Main  and  WashluRton  St..  Sav.ltaok. 

Ile.lrlck  J.  K.  carpenter.  107  I^iulsa  street. 

llerdiMi  Chas.  res.  113  Cass  street 

lli'liirb'hs  Jobn  W.  co.i|ier.  res.  103  I'ass  street. 

HrllltiRer  F.  IJ.  waicbmaii    res.  1410  Ferry  ttrert, 

Hellliifter  .lohn.  re.s.  1408  Ferry  street, 

llemiiiilll  K.  M.  ina.stcrrar  builder  T..  I*.  *  W. 

HENDERSON  AI>.\M.(relire<l.)  1213  Fourth 
slrccI,  was  born  in  the  vilLige  and  parish  of  Gordon. 
Herwickshire,  Scotland,  May  18.  1820,  and  is  the  son  of 
.•\dam  and  Agnes  (DoiU)  Henderson,  natives  of  Ihe 
same  shire.  He  was  educatetl  in  the  parish  school,  and 
when  about  fourteen  years  old  went  to  Galiuhiels. where 
he  served  an  apprenticeship  of  five  yean  to  the  trade 
of  millwright  and  machinist,  and  in  1839  went  to  New- 
castle.  England,  ami  was  for  some  months  with  Geo. 
Stephenson,  the  dislinguishc<l  engineer,  moving  thence 
to  Manchester,  and  entering  the  employ  of  his  cousin. 
.Sir  Win.  Kairbairn.  who  was  then  exientivcty  engaged 
in  the  minuf.iclure  of  locnmntives  and  other  stcim  en- 
gines. He  remained  there  about  five  years,  and  dur- 
ing that  period  finished  his  education,  by   allcndiiig    a 


I 


HISTORY   OF   PEORIA  COUNTY. 


659 


course    of  instruction    in    mathematics,    algebra,    and 
mechanical  drawing  at  Hill's  Academy.     He  also  mar- 
ried there,  April  2,  1S41,  Miss  Margaret  B.  Inglis,  who 
was  born  in  1817,  and  was  the  daughter   of  Rev.  John 
Inglis  of  Greenlaw,  Berwickshire.     Bound  to  see  some- 
thing more  of  the  world,  he  left  England  with  his  wife 
and  family  for  America  in  I S44,  landing   at    New    Or- 
leans in  May  of  that  year.     He  remained    in    that  city 
some  months,  and  then   went    to   St.   Louis,  removing 
after  a  short  stay  to  Pekin,  111.,  where  he   engaged  in 
the  manufacture  of  wagons,  plows  and  other  agricul- 
tural machinery  for  three  and  a  half  years.     In  1848  he 
came  to  Peoria,  and  for  some  years   worked   in    a   ma- 
chine  shop,   removing  thence  in  1S57  to   Henry,    111., 
where  he  opened  a  foundry  and  machine    shop   on    his 
own   account,  and  continued    it    profitably   for    seven 
years,  when  his  health  broke  down,  and  he  was  forced 
to  give  it  up  and  return  to  Peoria.     After  a  rest  of  some 
months  he  again  began  business  there  as  a  founder  and 
machinist,  and  was  also  agent  for  the  sale  of  agricultural 
machinery,  doing  a  large  business.     He  finally  gave  it 
up,  and  retired  from  active  business   life   in    1S65,  and 
has  since  devoted  his  time  to   the   by   no   means   light 
labor  of  looking  after  his  property   in   Peoria  Co.  and 
elsewhere.     He  values  his  property  at    about   $60,000, 
two-thirds  of  which  is  in  Peoria  county.     Mr.  Hender- 
son has  had  by  his  marriage  four  children,  two  of  whom 
are  still  living.     Elizabeth,    now    Mrs.    Tamplin,    and 
Jessie.     Mr.  Henderson  visited  his   native   country    in 
1872,  and  contemplates  again   making  the  journey  in 
company  with  his  wife,  in  course  of  the   coming  Sum- 
mer.    Mr.  and  Mrs.  Henderson  with  their   family    are 
members  of  First  Presbyterian  Church  of  Peoria,  with 
which  he  has  been  connected  for   twenty-eight  years. 
HENDERSON    ANDREW    R.    manufac 
turer  of  overalls  and  shirts,  no  Main   street,   res.  East 
Bluff,  was  born  in    Muskingum    county,    Ohio   on   the 
igth  day  of  March,  1845.     His  father,  George  D.  Hen- 
derson, was  a  native  of  Pennsylvania.     Moved  to  Ohio 
in  1840.     Married  Miss    Hattie    L.   Corwin    April  27, 
l86g      They  had  two  children,   one  boy  and  one  girl 
(boy   deceased).     Came   to    Peoria    in    1876  and  com- 
menced business  immediately  after  coming  to  the  city. 
Members  of  the  First  Presbyterian   Church.      Politics, 
Republican. 
Henderson  J.  Miss,  teaclier,  res.  1213  Fourth  street. 

HENCKLE  JOHN  31.  saloon,  1 116  Main 
street. 

HENNEBERY  3IATTHEW,  wholesale 
liquor  dealer  and  re-distiller,  7  &  8  S.  Water  street,  is 
a  native  of  Ireland,  and  has  resided  in  Peoria  since 
1849.  During  the  last  twenty-nine  years  he  has  been 
in  business  for  himself  at  his  present  location.  He  has 
been  very  successful  in  all  his  undertakings,  and  carries 
on  a  very  large  and   widely   extended   business.     He 


sells  principally  to  the  Hlinois  trade,  but  also  does 
busirKss  to  a  considerable  extent  with  customers  in 
Iowa,  Missouri  and  Kansas.  He  carries  a  stock  of 
about  $40,000. 

HENRY  J.  C.  manufacturer  of  gasoline  street 
lamps  and  stoves,  6og  N.  Adams  street,  was  born  in 
Morrow  county,  Ohio,  May  10,  1S46,  and  is  the  son  of 
John  and  Annie  (Jamieson)  Henry,  natives  of  Pennsyl- 
vania. He  was  raised  to  manhood  in  his  native  county 
and  started  there  to  learn  his  trade  as  machinist.  He 
afterwards  moved  to  Iowa,  and  married  in  Marion 
county  of  that  State,  February  7,  1877,  Miss  Mantie 
Long,  a  native  of  Iowa,  by  whom  he  has  had  four 
children,  three  now  living  —  Nellie,  Annie  and  Blanche. 
He  came  to  Illinois  in  1869,  and  to  Peoria  in  January, 
1876,  and  after  working  a  few  months  at  his  trade,  em- 
braced his  present  business  and  has  since  continued  it  ; 
has  at  present  the  contract  for  supplying  street  lamps 
to  the  city,  and  also  manufactures  largely  both  street 
and  house  lamps  and  stoves,  both  for  local  and  foreign 
trade.  He  owns  his  residence  and  manufactory,  with 
the  lots  on  which  they  stand  at  above  and  adjoining 
number. 

HENRY'  J.  F.  wholesale  grocer,  331  S.  Wash- 
ington street. 

Henry  Wm.  C.  carpenter.  211  Fourth  street. 
Henseler  A.  J.  res.  203  Goodwin  street. 

HENSLER  JOHN  E.  carpenter  and  con- 
tractor, N.  Adams  street. 

HEPPLER  KATHERINE  Mr.s.  saloon, 
1161  Main  street,  was  horn  in  Germany,  November  22, 
1816.  Emigrated  to  America  in  1S47,  and  settled  in 
Cincinnati,  Ohio,  where  she  remained  a  short  time, 
thence  to  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  and  in  1850  came  to  Peoria. 
Married  Andrew  Heppler  who  was  a  native  of  Germany. 
He  died  in  Peoria  on  the  i6lh  day  of  February,  1879. 
They  were  both  members  of  the  Catholic  Church.  Mrs. 
Heppler  has  some  good  property,  several  houses  and 
lots  on  the  bluff. 

HEPPERLY  JACOB,  (retired,)  res.  200,  4th 
street.  Was  born  in  Gettysburg,  Penn.,  on  the  nth 
day  of  April,  1S13,  where  he  remained  about  sixteen 
years,  wben  he  left  home  and  during  the  year  1830 
visited  various  places.  Came  to  Peoria  March  19,  1831, 
and  remained  about  six  months.  Thence  to  Jackson- 
ville and  remained  two  years.  And  from  1832  until 
1857  was  in  various  business  and  places,  up  to  where 
he  has  lived  since.  Married  Mrs.  Clara  C.  Meacham 
on  the  6th  day  of  December,  1842.  She  was  a  native 
of  New  York  State,  born  February  5,  18 10.  She  came 
to  Peoria  1833.  Both  members  of  the  Presbyterian 
Church  of  Peoria.  Mr.  Hepperly  through  his  energ.es 
and  industiy  has  accumulated  a  fine  property  and  is 
among  the  oldest  inhabitants  of  the  city,  and  was  here 
before  a  stone  or  brick  was  laid  that  now  constitutes 


660 


HISTORY   OF   I'EOIUA   C'OL'NTY 


the  citjr  of  I'coria.  By  this  union  lliere  were  two  chil- 
dren, one  living,  Mrs.  Harriet  C.  Hotchkiss,  (low  a 
resident  of  Central  America. 

HKKIl<)X  W.M,  A.,  president  I'eoria  Savings 
Bank,  cor.  Main  and  Washington  streets,  res.  411  N. 
Madison  street. 

HertwtirG.  rarpt-ntcr  aii«l  tjiilldrr.  .119  W.  MadUon  ■trecL 
llerwiK  Qt'ttfrlol.  carpentor,  419  W.  Matllsun  Blreel. 

HE.SEIt  CHRISTIAN,  wholesale  agency  for 
Milwaukee  beer,  224  S.  Washington  street.  Was  born 
on  the  2d  day  of  February,  1842,  in  Germany.  Emi- 
grated to  the  United  States  in  1864.  Settled  in  Du 
Page  county.  Ills.,  and  remained  there  two  years.  In 
1866  came  to  I'eoria,  and  engaged  in  his  present  busi- 
ness in  1869,  where  he  has  worked  up  a  good  trade. 
Married  Miss  Elizabeth  Ossembick,  July  29, 1869.  The 
fruits  of  this  marriage  was  three  children,  two  girls  and 
one  boy. 

Hpiiler  ,\UB.  reji.  407  N.  JelTerson  street. 

HfM  I.  II.  rf«.  215  Ttilrd  slropl. 

Ile»aer  C.  A.  llijuur  store,  224  S.  WashtnKton  street 

HEWETT  K.  W.  (retired,)  262   Bluff  street. 

Heyl  \Vm.  K.  hardware,  head  of  llrldRe. 

lllKliie  Tlieo.  payiiiaater  T.  I'.  *  W.  res.  205 .Second  street. 

IItfFRln.4  l».  Krocer.  .N"o.  900  First  street. 

Hill  John.  res.  233  Louisa  street. 

HILL  H.  S.  printer,  cor.  Fulton  and  Washington 

streets. 

Illlllard  J.  R   res.  305  N.  Madlaim  street. 
Hllhnan  lynils.  lahorer.  res.  1404  Perry  street. 
Illnie.  K.  iirlnter.  400  .s.  Adams  street. 
Illeiirlrhs,  II.  W.  So.  103  Cass  street. 

HITCHCOCK  CHAS.  F.  grain  commission 
merchant.  Exchange  Block,  331   S.  Washington  street. 

HITCHCOCK  FK.VXK,  sheriff  of  Peoria 
county,  res.  310  Sixth  street  ;  was  born  in  I'ainesville, 
Lake  county,  Ohio,  January  29,  1838.  Parents  were 
Nelson  Hitchcock,  born  in  the  State  of  New  York,  and 
Matilda  Rider,  a  native  of  Lake  county,  O.  The  first 
seventeen  years  of  Frank's  life  were  spent  on  a  farm  in 
Lake  county,  when  the  family  came  west  and  settled  in 
Trivoli  township,  Peoria  county.  In  the  Fall  of  1861, 
he  enlisted  in  the  nth  111.  Cavalry,  but  suffering  with 
severe  soreeyes,  was  discharged  a  few  months  after.  In 
the  Fall  of  1862,  he  recruited  Co.  D.  of  the  86th  I.  V.  L, 
and  WIS  mustereil  as  its  captain.  Participated  in  the 
various  battles  with  his  regiment  until  wounded  at 
Kenesaw  mountain,  June  27,  1864,  losing  three  fingers 
of  his  right  hand.  He  went  into  the  battle  with  thirty- 
five  men,  and  came  out  with  fifteen.  Capt.  H. 
joined  hit  command  ten  months  later  at  Kaleigh,  N. 
C,  marched  through  to  Washington  and  mustered  out  in 
June,  1865.  He  wa«  elected  Sheriff  in  the  Fall  of  1866 ; 
have  been  several  limes  re-elected  against  a  Democratic 
majority  of  500  in  the  county,  and  is  now  serving  his 
twelfth  year  in  the  office.  He  married  Alice  L.  llourne 
in  .September  1862,  just  previous  to  leaving  for  the  seal 
of  war.  She  is  the  daughter  of  M.  F.  liourne,  was  born 
June  18,  1836,  and  was  the  first    female  child  bom  on 


the    Trivoli    prairie.      Their    children    are    Krank    U., 

Mary  and  Ella. 

Illieheoek  John,  saloon.  400  S  Water  street. 
Iloblii  Wiu.  lalxirer,  res.  302  lireenleaf  street. 

HOEFFXER  GEORGE  F.  hotel  keeper,  427 
S.  Washington  street  ;  was  born  in  Rhine,  Bavaria, 
September  8,  1842,  came  to  the  States  in  1666,  and 
located  in  Peoria,  where  he  worked  in  a  hotel  a  short 
time,  then  was  employed  in  a  brewery,  and  in  1876, 
commenced  his  present  business.  Married  Miss  Got- 
tabor ;  she  was  born  in  Wiriemberg.  Germany.  The 
fruits  of  this  marriage  is  four  children,  two  boys  and 
two  girls,  Frank,  Charlie,  Rose  and  Katie.  Members 
of  the  Catholic  Church. 

Hodges  A.  J.  res.  109  S.  Monroe  street. 
Ilofer  ono.  inolfter.  235  N.  Water  slreeL 
il'iITnian  .\.  frardtier.  res    North  ritv. 
HolTnian  K.  Kr«M'er  1609  s    W:tshliii(1oii  street. 
Iloicaii  11.  carpeiittT.  rr^.  313  .Mrhniiirlas  street. 
llnRan  r.  J.  re.s.  507  llurlliul  street. 

HOGE  J.VMES  B.  banker,  res.  121  High 
street ;  was  born  in  Highland  county,  O.,  came  with 
parents  to  Knox  county.  III.,  in  1834,  settling  near 
Yates  City.  His  father,  James  Hoge,  married  Sarah 
Ware,  of  Greenfield,  Ohio.  Only  two  sons  and  one 
daughter  of  their  family  of  five  are  living.  His  father 
was  a  harness  and  saddle  manufacturer.  He  died  in 
1S47,  his  widow  ten  years  later.  J.  R.  took  charge  of 
his  father's  estate  at  his  death,  bought  out  the  other 
heirs,  gradually  added  to  it  by  purchasing  adjacent 
l.inds,  until  he  had  a  farm  of  1,600  acres.  After  sixteen 
years  of  agricultural  life,  he  removed  to  Peoria  in 
February,  1866,  and  in  company  with  J.  L.  Davis  es- 
tablished  the  banking-house  of  Davis  &  Hoge.  Six 
years  later  he  bought  his  p.irtner's  interest  and  con- 
ducted the  business  alone  successfully,  as  J.  It.  Hoge 
&  Co.,  until  the  financial  failure  of  Thomas  Neill,  in 
March  1880,  by  whom  he  lost  $52,000,  and  was  com- 
pelled to  close  the  door.  Mr.  H.  had  accumulated  an 
estate  estimated  at  $130,000.  A  large  pait  of  the 
creditors  are  paid  off,  and  the  remainder  secured.  Mr. 
H.  declares  the  whole  shall  be  settled  in  full  if  it  takes 
the  last  dollar.  He  marrieil  Elvina  Rcisinger,  of  Knox 
county.  III.,  when  twenty-three  years  of  age.  Their 
family  consists  of  four  children.  Josephine,  now  Mrs.  J. 
B.  Richardson,  of  Italtimore,  .Md., Cornelia.  Emma  and 
Orville,  at  home, 
lioklas  II.  ninlr.  rtgar  iHi&es.  n-s.  A08  Hnilth  streeL 

HOKL.VS  tV  TOET.VT,  manufacturers  of 
cigar  bojiCH,  300  First  street.  The  members  of  this 
firm  are  Henry  Hoklas  and  Charles  Toetat,  and  it  has 
been  in  existence  for  eight  years.  Their  first  business 
location  was  at  217  Harrison  street,  and  about  two 
years  ago  they  moved  to  the  premises  they  now  own  and 
occupy,  rhcy  are  the  only  in,inufacturers  in  the  city, 
and  their  goods  are  sold  largely  all  over  the  West  as 
far  as  Denver.     They  turn  out  about    3,000  boxes  per 


^^-^^ 


W 
I 


PEORIA  . 


PEORIA  CITY  DIRECTORY. 


661 


week,  employ  an  average  of  fourteen  hands,  and  have 

all  they  can  do  to  keep  up  with  their  rapidly  increasing 

business, 

Holcomb  D.  C.  cattle  dealer,  227  N.  Elizabeth  street. 

Holllngsnortli  J.  L.  1501  N.  .leflerson  street. 

Holmes  C.  A.  com.  trav.  214  Eaton  street. 

Honnshaw  John,  teamster.  157  First  street. 

Horan  P.  res.  .^27  Hale  street. 

Honibaker  I.  H.  cooper,  res.  1217  N.  Madison  street. 

Horubecker  Charles,  shoemaker,  1221  S.  .\dams  street. 

HOLTON  NOBLE,  physician  and  surgeon 
(Stewart  &  Holton),  705  Main  street ;  was  born  in 
Windham  county,  Vermont,  in  1823,  and  after  receiv- 
ing a  good  common  school  education,  assisted  his  father 
in  farming  and  lumbering.  He  came  to  Illinois  in 
1845,  and  commenced  the  study  of  medicine  with  Dr. 

A.  L.  Merriam  ;  began  practicing  in  1848,  and  has  pur- 
sued it  continuously  to  the  present  time.  He  married 
in  April,  1849,  Miss  Rosina  A.  Greenman.  In  1861 
he  entered  the  medical  department  of  the  army,  and 
continued  in  it  until  the  Summer  of  1863,  when  he  was 
forced  to  resign  on  account  of  sickness.  He  commenced 
to  practice  in  Peoria,  in  partnership  with  Dr.  J.  T. 
Stewart,  July  I,  1S7S,  and  has  since  continued  to  do 
so. 

HOPKIXS  H.  B.  (of  Hopkins  &  Morrow),  at- 
torney, 323  Main  street. 

HOPKINS  SAMUEL  A,  M.D.,  residence 
914,  office  1102  South  Adams  street ;  was  born  in  Bour- 
bon county,  Ky.,  May  14,  1809.  His  father,  Samuel 
Hopkins,  was  born  in  Maryland,  in  1774,  and  immi- 
grated to  Kentucky  in  1793,  where  he  married  Nancy 
Harney,  who  was  born  in  the  State  of  Delaware.  The 
doctor  remained  in  his  native  County  until  1832,  then 
went  to  Cincinnati,  O.  He  began  the  study  of  medi- 
cine with  Dr.  J.  Saunders,  of  Millersburg,  Ky.,  at  the 
age  of  sixteen  years  ;  took  first  course  of  lectures  at  the 
Medical  College  of  Ohio,  Cincinnati,  in  1836 ;  then 
commenced  practice  in  Cincinnati,  and  in  1846,  took 
another  course  of  lectures,  and  was  awarded  the  degree 
of  M.  D.  In  1S53  he  removed  to  Bureau  county,  111., 
and  twenty-two  years  later  settled  in  Peoria.  In  1862, 
Dr.  Hopkins  went  into  the  United  States  army  as  first 
assistant  surgeon  of  the  93d  111.  Infantrj',  and  on  July 
29,  1863,  was  promoted  to  the  position  of  surgeon  of  the 
same  regiment,  and  acted  in  that  capacity  until  he  was 
mustered  out  of  service,  in  December,  1864,  from  disa- 
bility by  a  paralytic  stroke.  Although  forty-four  years 
in  the  professional  harness,  the  doctor  still  has  a  lucra- 
tive practice,  and  at  the  ripe  age  of  seventy-one  enjoys 
good  health  and  sound  constitution.  On  the  30th  of 
April,  1828,  he  married  Hannah  Black,  a  native  of  New 
York  city,  who  has  borne  him  seven  children,  five  liv- 
ing, two  sons  and  three  daughters.  John  W.,  the  oldest 
son,  served  in  the  war  of  the  rebellion,  as  captain  of  Co. 

B,  of  the  g3d  Illinois  Infantry,  and  the  other  son,  Leroy 
S.,  served  as  first  lieutenant  in  the  same  company.  Cap- 
tain was  taken  prisoner  at  the  battle  of  Champion  Hill, 


and  lieutenant  was  wounded  in  the  same  engagement. 
The  former  has  died  of  small-pox  since  the  war,  and 
the  latter  is  now  practicing  medicine  at  Maiden,  111. 
Dr.  Hopkins  and  wife  are  members  of  the  M.  E.  Church, 
in  which  he  has  been  a  local  minister  for  fifty-one 
years.     He  is  Republican  in  politics. 

HORNBACKER  JOHN  S,  res.  1217  N. 
Madison  street,  cooper,  was  born  in  Franklin  county, 
Ohio,  Decembers,  1824;  came  to  Illinois  October  i, 
1830,  when  he  was  about  six  years  old.  Married  Miss 
Margaret  Trial.  She  was  born  February  11,  1832. 
The  fruits  of  this  marriage  were  three  children,  two  of 
whom  are  still  living,  Rachael  and  Arthur.  Held  the 
office  of  policeman  for  six  years  ;  enlisted  in  the  Mex- 
ican war  in  1846,  Col.  Ed.  Baker,  who  was  killed  at 
Ball's  Bluff;  also  enlisted  in  the  77th  I.  V.  I.,  of  our 
late  war  ;  was  in  the  siege  of  Vicksburg,  Arkansas  Post. 

Hotchklss  Grover  D.  res.  lOfi  High  street. 

Hotchkiss  Z.  N.  hardware,  108  South  Washington  street. 

HOWARD     H.     A.     United  States  gauger. 

Howeler  F.  W.  boots  and  shoes,  705  N.  Adams  street. 
Howell  L.  pres.  2d  Nat.  Bank,  cor.  Main  and  Washington  sts. 
Howe  Norman,  brick  mason,  res.  202  Montague  street. 
HuberJas.  brewer,  res.  Paciiic  street. 
Hudson  J.  A.  grocer,  113  N.  Washington  street. 

HUFENUSS  ALOIS  D.  boot  and  shoe 
manufacturer,  415^^  Main  street,  was  born  on  the  27th 
of  September,  1843,  in  Switzerland.  Father  a  native 
of  Switzerland,  and  is  still  living.  Mother's  maiden 
name  was  Appolonia  Bossort,  and  also  a  native  of 
Switzerland.  Mr.  H.  emigrated  to  the  United  States 
in  iS63,  and  has  resided  in  this  city  since,  and  has  been 
in  business  for  himself  since  1S71,  and  is  now  doing  a 
good  trade  in  his  line. 

Hughes  James,  carpenter,  res.  lower  Jefferson  street. 
Hughes  James,  laborer,  1307  S.  Washington  street. 
Hughes  Wm.  clerk,  314  S.  Washington  street. 
Huggliis  .N.  res.  204  N.  Monroe  street. 
Hummel  Thos.  boot  :ind  shoe  maker,  200  Bridge  street. 
Hum[>hrey  Henry,  res.  Merrlman  1st  n.  of  Second  street. 
Hundschu  Mrs.  C.  res.  1000  N.  .lefferson  street. 
Hunken  K.  planer,  718  S.  Washington  street. 
Hunt  James,  iron,  res.  307  McBean  street. 
Hunter  Thos.  res.  1015  Ferry  street. 

HUGHES  WILLIAM,  cooper,  res.  150  Gay 
street,  was  born  in  Wales,  county  Cardigan,  March  14, 
1816;  son  of  John  and  Mary  (Prichard)  Hughes; 
learned  his  trade  when  a  small  boy  and  worked  for  his 
brother  until  he  was  fifteen  years  old ;  and  when 
eighteen,  came  to  the  United  States  and  worked  in 
New  York  and  Brooklyn  one  Winter.  Then  went  to 
Adrian,  Mich.,  where  he  worked  at  his  trade  a  number 
of  years  as  foreman  for  Benj.  Anderson.  Left  there 
and  went  to  Cleveland  ;  then  worked  at  various  points 
on  the  canal  to  Portsmouth  on  the  Ohio  river;  then 
went  to  St.  Louis  in  1840,  where  he  remained  one  Win- 
ter. In  1842  he  came  to  Peoria  and  worked  at  journey- 
work  one  season.  In  the  Winter  he  commenced  business 
on  his  own  account  and  is  doing  an  extensive  business, 
running  from  30  to  120  men.  MaiTied  Maria  S.  Brown 
in  Peoria,  March  20,  1845.     She  was  born  in  New  Jer- 


C62 


niSTOHY   OF   PKORIA   COUNTY 


sey  in  l8lS.     There  were  six  children,   four  of  which 

are  living  —  Mary,  Lovina,  Charles  \V.  and  Lizzie.     Is 

a  member  of  the  A.  F.  &  A.  M. 

Hiipe  w.  wftKon  and  rarrlARc  nianf.  211  A  21S  Bridge  street. 
Hurley  M.  cuiifrctiuucr,  rt's.  707  Seventh  street. 

HUKLBUKT  T.   R.  dyer  and  scourer. 

Hursprit  I'eter.  Ijarber.  13U  W.  Aflains  streel, 
Hur»t  H.  runiinlsslun.  219  S.  .Madliun  street. 
Hum  .S.  H.  halter.  325  Main  nireet. 
Hu  t  Michael.  ciMjpt-r.  res.  151U  .S.  Washington  street. 

HUTCHINSON  JOHN  R.  (Hutchinson  & 
Madi|;an)  cooper,  104  Henry  street,  was  born  in  Can- 
ada, April  3,  1843,  and  is  the  son  of  Samuel  and  Ellen 
(Russell)  Hutchinson,  both  of  whom  are  now  deceased. 
He  learned  his  trade  in  Canada  and  worked  at  it  there 
and  elsewhere  for  many  years,  finally  coming  to  Peoria 
in  1872,  where  he  has,  in  connection  with  his  partner, 
been  since  engaged  in  the  manufacture  of  all  kinds  of 
barrels,  employing  a  large  force  of  men  and  having 
every  facility  in  their  shop  fir  rapidly  turning  out  their 
work  in  a  thorough  and  first-class  manner. 

Irons  A.  S.  Mrs.  res.  1314  N.  Madison  street. 
Isle  Joseph,  res.  210  Mc Reynolds  street. 

JACK  E.  H.  capitalist.  417  Second  street,  was 
born  in  .Switzerland  county,  Ind.,  April  29,  1823,  and 
is  the  son  of  Samuel  and  Kosanna  (Hampton)  Jack,  na- 
tives of  Gallatin  county,  Ky.  Shortly  after  his  birth 
his  father  died,  and  he  came  to  Kentucky  with  his 
mother,  where  he  grew  up.  He  went  to  school  at  Bur- 
lington, Hoone  county,  and  after  coming  to  manhood 
carried  on  a  general  mercantile  business,  manufactured 
tobacco,  etc.,  for  some  years ;  afterwards  followed 
steamboating  on  the  Mississippi  river  from  Cincinnati 
to  New  Orleans  till  1855,  when  he  removed  to  Cliilli- 
cothe,  I'coria  county,  and,  for  about  a  year,  engaged  in 
the  grain  and  lumber  business  in  partnership  with 
Henry  Truitt,  and  married  in  February,  1856,  Miss 
Annie  \V.  Moss,  daughter  of  Capt.  \V.  S.  Moss.  She 
was  born  in  Peoria  county.  May  18,  1836,  about  a 
month  after  her  parents  had  come  there  from  Switzer- 
land county,  Ind.  They  have  seven  children  —  Minnie 
i!.,  Edward  M.,  William  S.,  Annie  Emily,  Lillie  An- 
gela, Noel  Hampton  ami  Kosa  Chote.  After  marriage 
he  movcil  to  a  farm  in  Kicliwoods  township,  near  Moss- 
ville.  where  he  remained  until  March,  1863,  and  then 
purchased  an  interest  in  the  distilling  firm  of  Moss, 
Hradlcy  &  Co.,  and  removed  with  his  family  to  the  city 
of  Peoria,  in  which  he  has  ever  since  resided.  He  sold 
out  his  interest  in  the  distillery  about  ten  years  ago  ;  is 
a  member  of  the  Board  of  Trade  and  director  in  the 
Peoria  gas-light  and  bridge  companies  ;  was  for  some 
years  director  of  the  First  National  Hank.  Mr.  Jack  is 
a  large  properly  owner  in  the  city,  and  also  owns  sev- 
eral farm<  in  this  and  McLean  counties. 

JACK  WIMJ.VM,  of  James  \  Jack,  attorneys 
at  law,  107  N.  Jcflcrson  vircet,  and  Master  in  Chancery, 
Courl-houie,  wai  born  in  Weilmoreland  county,    Pa., 


July  10,  1843,  and  is  the  son  of  Joseph  Jack  and  H.  J. 
Herron,  natives  of  Pennsylvania;  received  his  educa- 
tion at  Sewicly  Academy,  in  Mt.  Pleasant  township, 
Westmoreland  county,  and  in  1800  removed  to  Peoria 
where  he  attended  the  High  school,  graduating  ia 
1862.  Immediately  afterwards  he  began  the  study  of 
law  with  the  late  Judge  M.  Williamson,  and  after 
eighteen  months  entered  the  ofBce  of  the  late  Judge  H. 
M.  Wead,  with  whom  he  remained  as  student^  and 
later  as  associate  partner,  until  January.  1874.  In  that 
year  his  present  partnership  was  formed  with  Mr.  L. 
W.  James.  Mr.  Jack  was  appointed  Master  in  Chancery 
for  the  Circuit  Court  of  Peoria  County  in  September, 
1873,  and  is  now  serving  his  third  term  in  that  capacity. 
He  married  August  5,  1869.  Miss  Annie  Greir,  daughter 
of  John  C.  Greir,  Esq.,  of  Peoria,  by  whom  he  has  two 
children —  Robert  P.  and  Sallie  G.  He  owns  his  resi- 
dence and  other  property  in  the  city,  and  is  connected 
with  the  Second  Presbyterian  Church. 

Jaeksun  John,  moulder,  600  S.  Water  street. 
Jackson  M.  latiorer.  res.  209  Mlllman  8tre«t. 
Jackson  Wm.  res.  S07  Third  street. 

JACOUS  H.  insurance  agent,  820  S.  Adams 
street,  was  born  in  Norden,  Germany,  November  5, 
1836,  and  is  the  son  of  Jacob  H.  and  H.  (Diercks) 
Jacobs,  natives  of  that  city.  He  was  there  raised,  went 
to  school,  and  learned  the  trade  of  carpenter,  after- 
wards engaged  in  mercantile  business,  and  married  in 
1858,  Miss  Antye  Eren,  a  native  of  his  own  place.  He 
came  to  America  with  his  family  in  1 866,  landing  at 
New  York  in  the  Fall  of  that  year,  and  came  straight 
to  Peoria,  where,  for  one  year  he  worked  at  his  trade, 
and  then  took  up  the  insurance  business,  which  he  has 
since  continued.  He  represents  the  following  Fire  In- 
surance Companies:  German  Fire  Insurance  Co.,  of 
Freeport,  Ills.;  Milwaukee  Mechanics'  Mutual  Co.; 
Rochester  German  Insurance  Co. ;  Rochester  German 
Insurance  Co.,  of  N.  Y.;  German  Insurance  Co.,  of 
Haltimore,  Md. ;  German  Insurance  Co.,  of  (Juincy, 
111. ;  Columbia  Fire  Insurance  Co.,  of  N.  Y. ;  and  Ger- 
man Fire  Insurance  Co.,  of  Peoria.  Also  represents 
the  Northwestern  Mutual  Life  Insurance  Co.,  of  Mil- 
waukee, Wis.  The  fruits  of  his  marriage  were  ten 
children, six  of  whom  arc  now  alive  —  .Siemcntye.  Jacob, 
John,  Hero,  Albert  and  Henr)'.  He  owns  his  residence 
and  lot,  in  rear  of  above  number,  and  is  wiih  his  wife 
anil  family  an  adherent  of  the  Lutheran  Church. 

J AMKSON  KI..ISHA,  railroad  contractor,  res. 
127  Floral  avenue,  was  born  in  Cushen,  Maine,  in 
August,  1829.  Learned  the  carpenter  trade  there; 
came  west  and  settled  in  Springfield,  III.,  about  1853, 
and  engaged  in  railroad  building.  In  16^(1  lie  married 
Alice  Culling,  in  that  ciiy,  a  native  of  M-iSNachusetls. 
A  years  previous  to  ihe  breaking  out  of  the  Rebellion 
they  removed  to  St.  Louis  township  ;  lived  there  three 
years  during  which  lime   Mr.   Jameson  Was    in    Gov- 


VX<yi  eJ  /f//a  gA 


PEORIA. 


PEORIA   CITY  DIRECTORY. 


663 


ernment  employ,  erecting  hospitals  and  other  buildings 
for  the  quarter-master's  department,  at  various  points 
in  the  South.  After  the  close  of  the  war  he  engaged 
in  the  lumber  trade  in  Memphis,  Tenn.,  two  years;  re- 
moved thence  to  Chillicothe,  Peoria  county,  and  in 
company  with  J.  Prescott  took  the  contract  to  build  the 
Peoria  and  Rock  Island  railroad  ;  and  upon  the  com- 
pletion of  that  work,  removed  to  Peoria  and  built  the 
Main  street  horse  car  line,  which  he  superintended  the 
road  a  year  or  two  after  it  was  finished.  In  March, 
1879,  he  went  to  Missouri  under  contract  to  construct 
a  line  of  railroad  in  that  State,  and  has  been  operating 
there  to  the  present  time,  headquarters  now  being  at 
Chillicothe,  Mo.  The  fruit  of  their  marital  union  is 
two  children,  Etta — Mrs.  Frank  Tapping,  of  Peoria, 
and  Manfred,  at  home.  Mr.  Jameson  is  a  member  of 
the  A.  F.  &  A.  M. 

Jenkins  J.  W.  machinist,  res.  508  Evans  street. 

Jenocliie  J.  saloon,  2001  N.  Adams  street. 

Jol)st  C.  J.  res.  924  S.  Adams  street. 

Jobst  V.  contractor  and  builder,  810  S.  Washlugton  street. 

Jobson  .Jolin,  coacli  cleaner,  T.  K  &  W. 

Johns  Russei.  laborer,  1400  First  street. 

Johnson  C.  J.  blacksmithing.  res.  1019  S.  Adams  street. 

Johnson  K.  G.  attorney,  12i  N.  Jeffer.son  street. 

JOHNSON  EARNEST,  res.  street. 

Johnson  G.  M.  attorney.  304  S.  Jetferson  street. 
Johnson  I.  W.  physician.  110  S.  Madison  street. 
Johnson  James  W.  bookkeeper,  res.  116  Sixth  street. 

JOHNSON  AUSTIN  F.  business  manager 
and  financial  agent  of  Mrs.  Lydia  Bradley. 

Johnson  J.  P.  wholesale  grocer,  res.  803  N.  Jefferson  street. 
Joiinson  John  A.  laborer.  1212  S.  Adams  street. 
Johnson  J.  G.  molder,  235  N.  Water  street. 
Johnson  R.  S.  conductor,  C.  R.  I.  A  P.  res.  607  Penn  avenue. 
Johnson  Sarah  Mrs.  res.  525  Kuoxville  road. 

JOHNSON  SAMUEL,  manufacturer  wagons 
and  buggies,  blacksmith  and  horseshoer,  802  Main 
street ;  was  born  in  Dearborn  county,  Ind.,  January  6, 
1845,  and  is  the  son  of  George  H.  and  Rebecca  (Loter) 
Johnson.  He  came  to  Peoria  county  with  them,  when 
very  young,  and  there  they  both  died.  He  was  raised, 
and  went  to  school  in  that  county,  and  learned  his 
trade  of  blacksmith  in  Schuyler  county,  111.,  and  worked 
at  it  till  1861,  in  August  of  which  year  he  enlisted  in 
Co.  A.  loth  Mo.  I.  Vols.,  and  took  part  with  his  regi- 
ment in  the  battles  of  Chattanooga,  Corinth,  all  around 
Vicksburg,  Champion  Hill  and  many  others  ;  was  mus- 
tered out  at  St.  Louis  in  August,  1S64,  and  shortly 
afterwards  came  to  Peoria,  where  he  has  since  been  en- 
gaged in  his  present  business  on  his  own  account.  He 
manufactures  quite  largely  for  the  local  trade.  He 
married  October  4,  1864,  Miss  Sarah  Jane  Matheny,  a 
native  of  .Schuyler  county.  111.,  by  whom  he  has  had 
two  boys — John  Francis  and  Albert.  Mrs.  Johnson  died 
in  Peoria  September  5,  1876. 

Jones  A.  H.  P.  406  Hale  street. 

Jones  John,  United  states  (fauger.  res.  401  Sixth  street 

Jones  J.  W.  cooper,  res.  1428  s;  WashinKtou  streets. 

JONES     M.     J.     M.   D.  503  S.  Adams   street, 

was  born  in  Preble   county,  O.,  Nov.  23,   1S40,  and  is 


the  son  of  Hiram  Jones  and  Julia  Woodmansee,  na- 
tives of  Pennsylvania.  When  very  young  he  came  to 
Illinois  with  his  parents,  and  settled  in  Peoria  county, 
where  he  was  raised  and  educated.  He  began  to  read 
medicine  in  1S68  with  Dr.  J.  O.  Patterson,  of  Galva, 
111.,  and  during  the  years  of  1869-70  and  '71  attended 
the  medical  college  of  Ohio  at  Cincinnati,  graduating 
thence  March  i,  1S71.  He  began  to  practice  at  Altona 
Kno.x  county.  III.,  and  resided  there  for  three  years, 
and  in  the  Fall  of  1874  came  to  Peoria,  where  he  has 
since  resided  and  practiced.  He  married  in  August, 
1867,  Miss  Mary  Lowder,  a  native  of  Hamilton,  O.,  by 
whom  he  has  had  two  children,  William  Lowder  and 
Nellie  Mabel.  His  father  died  on  the  old  homestead 
in  1S62,  but  his  mother  still  lives  and  resides  in  Brim- 
field  township,  of  Peoria  county. 

JOOS  RAGETH,  carpenter  and  builder,  go2 
S.  Adams  street,  was  born  in  the  Canton  of  Graub- 
ruenden,  Switzerland.  January  14,  1S32,  and  is  the  son 
of  Conrad  and  Ann  Joos,  natives  of  same  Canton  ;  was 
raised  and  attended  school  there,  and  came  to  America 
in  company  with  his  elder  brother  in  1849,  landing  at 
New  York  in  June  of  that  year  ;  came  to  Wisconsin, 
and  in  that  Fall  settled  in  Peoria,  where  he  has  since 
resided.  Here  he  learned  his  trade,  and  worked  at  it 
as  a  journeyman  up  to  1S73,  when  he  started  in  busi- 
ness for  himself  and  has  since  continued  so.  He  mar- 
ried in  Peoria  in  March,  1856,  Miss  Barbara  Walter,  a 
native  of  Peoria  county,  by  whom  he  has  had  seven 
children,  only  one  of  whoin  is  now  alive  ;  her  name  is 
Mary  Ann  Joos.  His  wife  died  in  July,  1870,  and  in 
August,  1872,  he  married  Catharine  Krauth,  a  native 
of  Bavaria,  born  in  1844,  by  whom  he  has  had  two 
children,  August  and  Robert ;  is  a  Protestant  and  a 
member  of  I.  O.  O.  P.,  having  filled  successively  all 
the  chairs  in  Western  Lodge,  No.  295,  of  Peoria  ;  is 
also  a  member  of  Peoria  Lodge,  No.  15,  A.  O.  U.  W. 
He  owns  his  residence  and  and  workshop  adjoining  at 
above  number,  with  the  lots  on  which  they  stand. 

Jordon  \Vm.  L.  bricklayer,  res.  900  Knoxvllle  road. 

Joyce  E.  shoemaker.  208M  Fnlton  street. 

Joyce  John,  carpenter,  res.  415  Chambers  avenue. 

Junior  Geo.  res.  218  Hayward  street. 

Julian  F.  P.  res.  412  St.  James  street, 

KAESTLER  ADAM,  butcher,  cor.  N.  Jef- 
ferson street  and  Plank  road,  was  born  in  Bavaria,  Ger- 
many, September  14,  1836  ;  came  to  America  in  1857, 
and  immediately  after  landing  in  New  York  came 
through  to  Peoria,  and  engaged  in  different  pursuits 
until  1867,  when  he  commenced  his  present  line  of 
business.  He  married  in  1866  Miss  Lena  Green,  who 
was  born  in  Hanover,  Germany,  October  15,  1846,  by 
whom  he  has  had  six  children,  five  now  living,  Lena, 
.Minnie,  .\dam,  Willie  and  Emil.  Mr.  Kaestler  is  a 
square  dealing  business  man  and  a  good  citizen  ;  owns 
some  property  in  the  city.  He  and  his  wife  are  mem- 
bers of  the  Lutheran  Church, 


CG4 


HISTORY  OF  PEOniA  COUNTY. 


K»ll<-»t»  AUK.  h»mf«»  miker,  m.  207  s.  tK>uclu  »tre«t. 

KANXE  HEXKY,  l>rick  maker,  1 165  Main  st. 

Krmniie  John.  Imbortr,  T..  P.  4  W.  •li"P«.  „..,,„„  „,^, 

Kririi.  J    -iZI  •■  ■irreel. 

k'-arti..  !•     !■.»  '  ""    'street. 

Kt.»rti^  riir  - lu  Sfi'onJ  »lre«t. 

Kmriis  T    ■.• ..  -       Hurll'Ul  street. 

KrTfe  Thu'lUM,  Ul>oter    r. j.  401  Merrlmmn  •"*«•  .dam. 

Ki-.-fer  JoUii  H..  »»iichm»ii.  C.  R.  I.  4  P..  re».  1814  >.  Adams 
slrei'l 

KEITH  E.   H.  physician   and  surgeon,   1207)4 
S.  Adams  street,  was  born  in  Switierland  county,   In- 
diana, September  16,  1826.     Is  the  son  of  Nicholas  and 
Betsey  (Hinman)  Keith.     His  father  was  a  native  of 
Marjland,  and  came  to  Indiana  while  it  was  yet  a  ter- 
ritory.    His   mother  was  a  native  of  New  York.     Dr. 
Keith  was  reared  and  received   his  primary  education 
in  his   native  county.     In    1S58.  he  purchased  a  drug 
store  in  LeRoy,  Illinois,   and  conducted   it   until   1861, 
when  he  disposed  of  it,  and  enlisted  in  September,   in 
Co.  I,  39th  I.  V.  I.,  and  took  part  with  it  in  the  battles 
of  Bath,  Hancock   and   Winchester.     At  Falmouth  he 
was  taken  sick  and  sent  to   Mount  Pleasant  General 
Hospital,  at  Washington,  and  on  recovery  was  detailed 
to  dispensary  of  that  hospital  until  September,   1862. 
and  received  instructions  in  surgery  from  Surgeon  E.  E. 
Fryer,  U.  S.  A.     In  that  month  he  was  discharged  from 
the  service  by  special   order,  and  received  an  appoint- 
ment in  the  Medical  Department  of  the  Regular  Army. 
After  the  battle  of  Antietam  he  was  sent  to   Frederick, 
Maryland,  to  help  care  for  those  wounded  in  that  bat- 
tle, and  remained  till  February,  1863,  still  pursuing  the 
study  of  medicine,  under  the  instructions  of  Assistant 
Surgeon  Buntin.     After  leaving  there  for  St.  Louis,  on 
orders  from  Assistant  Surgeon-General  Wood,   he  was 
sent  to  Johnson's  Island,  in  Lake  Erie,  where  a  prison 
had    been    established    for    Rebel    officer:,.       Here    he 
remained  nearly    two    years   and   continued    to  study, 
under   I'ost-Surgeon   T.  Woodbridge,  of  Voungstown, 
Ohio.     In  October,    1864.  he    resigned,    and   went    to 
Memphis.  Tennessee,  and  commenced  to  practice,  com- 
ing in  the  Summer  of  1865  to  I'eoria  county,  where  he 
has  since  resided.     He  married.  December  24,  184S.  in 
his   native  county,   Miss   R.  J.    Adkinson,  daughter  of 
William  and  Melinda  A.   (l.ighlfoot)  Keith,  natives  of 
Kentucky,   by    whom    he    has  had  seven  children,  four 
now  alive— Edwin  E.,  Alvin  M.,  Marietta,  Martha,  and 
Melinda     Letitia.     His    youngest    child,    Hetty    Curtis 
Keith,   was  born    in   Henry,    Marsli.ill  county,  Illinois, 
Marches,  1861,  and  died  in  Peoria,  September  8,  1878. 
The  doctor  enjoyi  a  large  general  practice  in  I'eoria. 
He  resides  on  corner  of  Cedar  and    Lower  Madison 
itreets. 

KIEFEK  II.  M.  malt  house.  1420 S.  Washing- 
ton street,  was  born  in  Uavariaii  Germany,  on  the  loth 
day  of  January.  1830.  Came  to  the  United  Sl.Mcs  in 
1853,  an.l  locatcil  in  Cincinnati, Ohio,  where  he  remained 
about  tix  month-.,   tlicn    went    to   Chicago.     Travele.l 


extensively  in  the  Western  States,  and  in  the  Spring  of 
1855  came  to  Peoria,  where  he  was  employed  in  various 
business  up  to  i860,  when  he  commenced  the  whole- 
sale liquor  business,  and  followed  that  for  about  ten 
years.  Then  erected  his  present  malt  house,  55>'t36 
feet,  at  a  cost  of  $11,000.  Married  Miss  Christina 
Tinkemeyer.  She  was  bom  in  Piussia.  July  24.  1834. 
There  are  four  living  children,  two  boys  and  two  girls — 
Annie,  Anton,  .Mbert  and  Lena.  Is  doing  a  fine  busi- 
ness, and  uses  60,000  bushels  of  grain  per  year. 
Kelley  Dmnlel.  cari>eiiier.  900  S.  Ad»m«  ■tr"'^.       ,„.„„„  „_,, 

KeJlf>   .Mklncl.  r.-s.  Slml'flivlil.-.  I   ■  •••I. 

Krllev  R.  II  .  t-ncln^er.  T.  P.  .1  v> ..  :  ■    street 

Kelley  Wim»iii.  rr»t»ur»nl.  HS.S.  w  .  ~"'''ci,.h  .n.l 

KelluKK  diaries,   bmki-ry  »Dd  confetlluutr).  curi.er  Slim  anu 
Franklin  streela. 

KelloftR  William,  attorney,  opiwjite  Court-lion»e.  

Kempff  Ctarles,  driver.  0.  C.  H.  railway,  res.  1710  b.  Adami 

Kenne.1)' James'  com   Irareler,   rea.    813  N.    Monroe  street. 

Kennedy  John,  blarksmltli.  Mi  N.  Washington  street. 

Kennedy  M.  res.  908  SifonJ  siri-el. 

Kennedy  P.  »hUe,mllh.  T..  P.  A  \V.  res.  5*0  Johnson  street. 

Kennedy  Robl.  dep.  coiililv  clerk.  C.  H.  res.  S14  Kloral  street. 

Kennedy  Wni.  J.  res.  916  S'.  Monroe  street. 

Kelley  P.  103  Elliaslreel. 

KeiiprI  F.  mal'ter.  1717  S.  WashlnRton  street. 

Keran  P.  1^' '""  "^    Monroe  street. 

Kerr  Jam.  7  Perry  street. 

Kervalii  1  'h.  1210  S.  Adamt  street. 

Keyon  1*  t-  --.  ri4  N.  Adams  street. 

Keys  AuKii't.  I.:>ni.  "  nisk.r.  31S  Iluwell  Btre.-t. 

Klefer  11?  M.  malt  house,  14211  .■*.  Waslilnnlon  street. 

Kimball  V.  egKS.  Sl.'i  S.  Adams  sir.cl. 

Kimball  Geo.  sash.  301  N    W:il.  r  streeL 

KIMBLE    llOBEKT,    lumber  dealer,  200  S. 

Water  street,  was  born  in  Northumberland  county,  I'a., 

November  II.  1S14,  and  is  the    son  of  Peter  and  Mary 

(Taylor)  Kimble,   natives  of  Northumberiand   county. 

He  removed  with  his  mother  to  Crawford  county.  Pa., 

and  in  1837  moved  to  Illinois,  settling  in  Knox  county, 

where  he  engaged  in  the  boot  and  shoe  and   mercantile 

business  for  fifteen  years.     In  1849,  1852  and   1853  he 

crossed   the   plains  to  California  with  stock,  returning 

fja  Panama,    and   in    1859  and    1S63    he  again    made 

the  long  and  dangerous  journey.     He  came   to  Peoria 

in  1854,  and  has   since  then   made   it   his   home.     He 

married   in    Meadsville.  Pa.,  in    1S36,   Miss   Angeline 

Temple,  a    native  of  Pennsylvania,  by    whom  he  has 

had  nine  children,  only  three  of  whom  are  now   alive, 

James,    Frank  and    Hattie.     He  deals   extensively  in 

pine  lumber  and  keeps  a  large  stock  on  hand. 

KIMMEL    CII.VKI..ES    A.   attorney  at  law, 

325    Main    street,  was    liorii    in    Somerset  county.  Pa., 

July  5,  1851,  and    is   the  son  of  Samuel   Kimmel    and 

Martha  A.  Johnston,  natives  of  Pennsylvania      About 

the  year  1855  he  removetl  with  his    mother  to  Peoria, 

where  he  received  his  education,  and  afterwards  taught 

in  the  public  schools  of  the  county  for  some  yean.    He 

commenced    the   study  o(    l.iw  in    1872    with    Messrs. 

Johnson  &  Hopkins;  was  admitlc<l  to  the  bar  at   Mt. 

Vernon.  HI  ,  June  5.  1874.  and  has  since  been  engagcti 

in  its  practice  on  his  own  account,  getting  his  share  "f 

the  legal  business  of  the  county. 

Klndnnner  John,  tailor.  re«.  «01  .Wnrer  .lre<'t, 
KlhR  l'.V.  caplU^lsl.  rrs.  liOa  N.  rfadlson  .trrel. 


PEORIA   CITY   DIRECTORY. 


665 


KING  JOHN  F.  firm  of  King  &  Bull,  dealers 
in  furnaces,  ranges,  grates  and  mantels,  I2r  S.Jefferson 
street,  was  born  in  Peoria  in  1836.  His  father,  Samuel 
B.  King,  came  from  Urbana,  Ohio,  where  he  married 
Josina  W.  McComsey.  and  settled  in  Peoria  in  1837, 
when  there  were  but  twenty- one  families  in  the  place. 
Mr.  K.  never  attended  school  but  two  terms,  as  his 
services  were  needed  at  home  to  help  support  the  large 
family  of  eight  boys  and  four  girls.  He  learned  the 
trade  of  brick  mason  when  twenty  years  of  age,  and 
has  been  building  and  contracting  since  1861  as  the 
senior  member  of  the  present  firm.  They  added  the 
mantel  and  grate  department  in  1866.  In  February, 
1S66,  he  recruited  a  company  and  went  to  Camp  But- 
ler to  rendezvous,  but  the  war  closing  that  Spring,  the 
company  never  went  to  the  field.  In  1S66  Mr.  King 
married  Permelia  Godfrey,  in  Toulon,  111.,  who  has 
borne  him  five  children,  four  living,  John  F.,  Minnie 
Maud,  Harry  P.  and  Jessie  May.  Mr.  Iv.  is  a  member 
of  the  City  Board  of  Aldermen,  and  vice  president  of 
the  Peoria  Scientific  Association.  He  owns  an  exten- 
sive private  geological  cabinet. 

King  S.  B.,  U.  S.  store-keeper,  res.  908  Spencer  street. 

KiriK  vt  Hull,  mantels  aiul  prates,  121  S.  Jetferson  street. 

KliiK'iKui  .M.  agricultural  instrument  tlealer,  S.  Washington  St. 

Kiiiiij  .l.iiiies,  tilasttrer,  res.  7U5  Hale  street. 

Kliiiit'V  I'ecer.  res.  714  N.  Jefferson  street. 

Kidney  S.  N.  lusurauce,  119  S.  Adams  street. 

Klrby  E.  J.  Mrs.  res.  1620  Perry  street. 

Kirch  J.  police,  res.  S.  Water  street. 

Klrkpatrlck  J.  N.  pressman,  res.  815  Monson  street. 

Kirkpatrlck  Tlios.  blacksmith,  208  S.  Washington  street. 

K  Issuer  C.  masher,  res.  104  George  street. 

KINSEY  S.  A.  (of  Kinsey  &  Mahler),  brass 
founders  and  coppersmiths,  400  S.  Adams  street  was 
born  Feb.  15,  1827,  in  Morris  Co.,  N.  J.,  and  is  the  son 
of  Samuel  and  Elizabeth  (Pomp)  Kinsey.  His  father 
was  a  native  of  New  Jersey  and  his  mother  of  Pennsyl- 
vania. When  very  young  he  moved  with  his  parents 
to  Northampton  Co.,  Pa.,  and  there  he  was  raised  and 
received  such  education  as  a  country  school  afibrded. 
He  served  an  apprenticeship  as  pattern-maker  in  Berks 
Co.,  Pa.,  and  about  the  year  1847  went  to  work  as  a 
pattern-maker  in  the  U.  S.  navy  yard  at  Philadelphia, 
and  after  eighteen  months  removed  to  Scranton,  Pa.; 
where  for  the  next  two  years  he  had  charge  of  the 
foundry  and  machine  shop  of  Lackawana  and  Western 
Railroad.  He  then  turned  his  attention  to  contracting 
and  constructed  several  sections  on  the  Belvidere  and 
Delaware  Railroad,  and  in  1855  came  to  Peoria,  and 
acted  as  foreman  in  Wm.  Peters'  foundry  and  machine 
shop  on  Water  Street  for  about  five  years,  and  then  pur- 
chased an  interest  in  the  firm  of  Lucas  Seller  &  Co., 
coppersmiths,  and  has  since  continued  in  that  business. 
The  present  firm  has  been  in  existence  since  1867,  and 
does  a  very  extensive  and  rapidly  increasing  business. 
He  married  on  the  day  Taylor  was  elected  President 
(Nov.  2,  1848),  in  Jersey  City  to  Miss  Lydia  A.  Emery, 
a  native  of  N.  J.,  bv  whom  he  has  had  six  children  ; 
48 


William,  Warren,  Nellie.  Blanche,  Ada  and  Samuel. 
Mr.  Kinsey  has  been  alderman  from  the  Second  Ward 
of  Peoria  for  six  years.  He  planned  and  superintended 
the  construction  of  the  system  of  water  works  at  De- 
catur, 111.,  and  Davenport,  Iowa,  and  in  1868  was 
selected  as  superintending  engineer  of  the  water  works 
in  Peoria  during  their  construction. 
Klappsroth  F.  122  Douglas  street. 

KLEIN  HENRY,  grocer,  807  N.  Jefferson 
street,  was  born  in  Prussia,  March  4,  1S22,  and  emigrat- 
ed to  America  in  1853.  He  remained  two  years  in  New 
York,  and  in  1855  came  to  Peoria  and  worked  at  the 
carpenter  trade  for  about  fifteen  years,  when  he  engag- 
ed in  his  present  business,  in  which  he  has  been  very 
successful,  and  has  been  able  to  acquire  some  good  pro- 
perty. Married  in  1853  Mary  Lechthaler,  a  native  of 
Prussia.  He  is  a  member  of  Masonic  Order,  I.O.  O.  F. 
and  Druid  Lodge. 

Kiewe  F.  butcher,  res.  901   Knoxville  road. 
Kllngeuburg  N.  turnkey  couuty  Jail. 

KLINGEL  BROTHERS,  coppersmiths, 
plumbers,  313  S.  Washington  Street.  The  firm  is  com- 
posed of  Joseph  and  Christ  Klingel.  Embarked  in 
business  in  1873,  gas  and  steam  fitters,  also  dealers  in 
brass  works,  hose,  gas  fixtures  and  pumps.  The  Klingel 
Brothers  are  young  energetic  men,  and  by  close  atten- 
tion to  business  and  fair  dealing,  have  built  up  a  good 
trade.     Carry  a  stock  of  $2,ocx5. 

KLINGEL,  CHRISTIAN,  coppersmith, 
plumber,  and  gas  and  steam  fitter,  313  S.  Washington 
street,  was  born  in  Wurtemberg,  Germany,  in  1847; 
came  to  America  with  parents  when  four  years  old,  and 
settled  in  Peoria,  which  has  since  been  his  home.  He 
learned  his  trade  in  Peoria,  and  started  in  business  in 
i858  ;  conducted  it  as  sole  proprietor  till  1S76.  when 
his  brother  Joseph  became  a  partner,  and  the  firm  has 
since  been  Klingel  Brothers.  Their  business  is  among 
the  heaviest  in  the  city  in  their  line  ;  employs  from  ten 
to  twelve  men,  and  runs  about  $20,000  per  year.  Mr. 
Klingel  married  when  twenty-six  years  of  age  to  Anna 
Schertz,  who  was  born  in  Peoria,  and  is  twenty-seven 
years  of  age.  They  have  three  children,  Emma,  Albert 
and  Rudolph.  Mr.  Klingel  is  a  member  of  the  Order 
of  Druids,  and  of  the  Ancient  Order  of  Workmen,  al- 
so of  the  Turner  Society.  Owns  a  homestead  where  he 
resides,  at  1014  N.  Madison  street.  Joseph  mariied 
Lena  Frederick  in  February,  1880. 
Klowraann  F.  tailor,  res.  1615  S.  Wasliliigtoii  street. 

KNEER  JOHN,  Union  Depot  Hotel,  Sox  S. 
Adams  street,  was  born  in  Germany  in  1842,  March 
l6th,  and  is  the  son  of  George  and  Lena  Kneer,  natives 
of  that  city.  He  came  to  America  in  1859,  landing  at 
New  York  June  27th  of  that  year,  and  arrived  in 
Peoria  five  days  later.  For  the  first  two  years  he 
worked  on  a  farm  in  Brimfield   township,   and  in    1S63 


666 


HISTORY   OF  PEOUIA  COUNTY. 


came  into  the  city  and  peddled  beer  for  the  City  Brew- 
ery for  four  years,  then  buying  out  the  Western  House 
CO  S.  Washington  street,  which  he  ran  till  1S78,  and 
then  built  the  handsome  and  substantial  structure  at 
above  number  which  he  continues  to  own.  He  married 
in  1864  Miss  Julia  OhI,  a  native  of  Buflalo.  N.  Y.,  by 
whom  he  has  had  five  children,  four  now  alive  —  John, 
Frederick,  Theodore  and  Eddie.  Mr.  Kneer  has  held 
the  office  of  treasurer  of  Peoria  Lodge,  No.  6,  U.  A.  O. 
D.  Himself  and  wife  are  members  of  the  Catholic 
Church. 

KNEER  WEKDLIN,  proprietor  of  Railroad 
Exchange,  109  and  III  Hamilton  street,  was  born  in 
Germany,  October  20,  1836.  Came  to  the  United 
Slates  when  seventeen  years  of  age.  Remained  a  year 
and  a  half  in  Alleghany  County,  Pa.,  as  a  laborer ; 
came  to  Peoria  in  August,  1856.  He  became  proprietor 
of  the  Exchange  in  1862.  It  is  kept  as  a  general 
boarding  house.  At  the  age  of  twenty-five  years  he 
married  Wilhelmina  Seibold,  also  a  native  of  Germany. 
They  have  seven  children.  Rudolph,  Frederick,  John, 
Emil,  August,  Wendlin  and  Fredrica.  Mr.  Kneer  is  a 
member  of  two  secret  orders.  Owns  some  city  real 
estate. 

KNOTT  JOHN,  (ol  McCormick  &  Knott) 
hardware  and  tinware  de.ilers,  719  Main  street,  has 
been  in  Peoria  ten  years,  and  for  over  two  years  a  mem- 
bor  of  the  present  firm,  which  is  engaged  in  the  manu- 
facture of  tinware  and  deal  largely  in  it.  and  general 
shelf  hardware.     He  resides  at  1806   N.  Adams  street. 

Kliowllon  J.  I.  re.l.  422  Main  street. 

Korh  Jacob,  carpenter,  res.  H15  W.  JefTerHun  street. 

KOCH  CHAS.  (deceased),  1415  N.Jefferson  St., 
was  born  in  Germany  November  I,  181 1,  emigrated  to 
America  in  1855.  landed  first  in  New  Orleans  where 
he  remained  only  a  short  time,  when  he  afterwards  lo- 
cated in  St.  Louis,  where  he  followed  butchering. 
Moved  to  Chicago  and  then  located  in  I'eoria,  where 
he  continued  to  carry  on  butchering.  He  was  first  mar- 
ried to  Christenia  Koch  ;  they  had  one  child  —  Charles 
—  who  died  about  i860;  his  wife  died  in  1863.  He  mar- 
ried, for  his  second  wife,  Mrs.  Lena  Frietsch  Kummel, 
in  1864.  She  was  born  in  Germany  October  17,  1834  ; 
came  to  America  in  iSOo,  and  had  Iwn  children  by  her 
first  marriage  —  Joseph  and  John.  .Mr.  Koch  followed 
grocery-keeping  for  thirteen  years  previous  to  his 
death,  which  occurred  March  18,  1880. 

Koch  lliiRti.  res.  1336  .H.  Adams  street. 

Kficlaii  ^r  J.  cari>riili<r.  res.  1U9  McUean  street 

KueiilK  Jos.  res.  109  t'lay  street. 

KOKIIl'M.MEIi   E,  X,  painter,  533  S.  Adams 

street,  res.  117  Mcllean  street. 

Kuster  llanilti.  tallur,  ros.  1300  N.  MunroestroeC 

KOWAIiSKEE  C.  saloon-keeper,  cor.  Bridge 
and  Water  streets. 

KKXrr    .F<).Si:iMI,    stone   cutler,  cor.   Hale 


and  High  streets,  born  February  sS,  1830,  in  Germany; 
emigrated  to  America,  December  I,  1857,  and  settled  in 
Peoria,  III.,  where  he  worked  at  his  trade  which  he 
learned  at  the  age  of  fifteen  years.  Was  married  in 
1856  to  Sophia  Ditsler.  She  was  bom  in  Germany. 
They  have  five  children,  Mary,  Eddie,  Joseph,  Annie 
and  Charles.  Owns  in  Peoria  property  to  the  amount 
of  $6,000.     Members  of  the  Catholic  Church. 

KItAMM  E.  coal,  wood  and  lime  dealer,  513 
S.  Washington  street,  was  bom  in  Hesse  Darmstadt, 
Germany.  May  4.  1837  ;  came  to  the  United  States  in 
1852,  and  located  in  Cleveland,  Ohio,  where  he  re- 
mained one  and  a  half  years,  and  in  1S54  came  to 
Peoria,  where  he  worked  at  the  carpenter  trade  one 
year  and  then  engaged  in  the  real  estate  business,  which 
he  followed  until  1864,  when  he  embarked  in  his  pres- 
ent business.  Married  Miss  Emily  Cayailin,  who  was 
bom  in  France  in  1842.  The  fruits  of  this  marriage  is 
eight  children,  five  of  whom  are  still  living,  Charles 
B.,  Leslie,  Herold  D.,  Edward,  William.  Mr.  K.  com- 
menced in  the  coal  business  at  Edward's  Station, 
Roscficld  township,  but  afterwards  went  to  what  is 
known  as  Kramm  Station,  and  laid  out  a  town  in  1S76; 
built  up  a  small  town  which  took  its  name  from  him, 
and  in  1878  got  a  post  office.  From  his  coal  works 
he  takes  out  3,000  bushels  per  day,  and  employs 
thirty  to  forty  men. 

Kramer  Marllii.  carpeiitiT.  re4.  609  Jackson  streeL 

Kramer  O.  Kardeiier.  I'ralrle  sirerl. 

KraUert  \'al.  cooper,  res.  1606  -•<.  Adams  streeL 

Kratise  C.  K.  llii!<mllli.  ■.;2.^  ItrldKe  street. 

Krailse.S.  notar>.  107  First   strcel. 

KreellliK  11.  riirnltiire.  I'ilS  S.  Atlams  street. 

Krelifer  Henry,  sulouri,  I'-MT  S.  Adams  street. 

KltElTEIt  THEUES.V,  Mrs.  »/-/ Stese, 
grocer,  623  Perry  street,  was  born  in  Baden,  Germany, 
in  1824  ;  immigrated  to  the  United  States  in  1S46  and 
settled  ill  Columbus,  Ohio,  where  she  married  Jacob 
Krcuter  on  July  14th  of  that  year.  The  following  Oc- 
tober they  removed  to  Memphis,  Tenn.,  where  they 
engaged  in  the  grocery  business  a  year  and  a  half; 
thence  went  to  Mt.  Pleasant,  Miss.,  remaining  there 
in  a  general  mercantile  traffic  five  years.  They  then 
returned  to  Ohio,  near  McConnelsvillc.  where,  after 
merchandising  several  years,  Mr.  K.  being  a  miller, 
traded  his  store  for  a  steam  mill,  which  proved  a  dis- 
astrous venture  and  lost  them  ever)'  thing  they  had.  In 
1S5S  they  came  to  Peoria  in  very  straightened  circum- 
stances; but  by  industry  and  rigid  economy  they  soon 
accumulated  a  small  capital,  and  again  embarked  in 
the  grocery  trade,  business  and  capital  both  increasing 
until  now  Mrs.  K.  has  a  fine  retail  trade,  and  owns  sev- 
eral valuable  pieces  of  properly  in  the  city.  They  had 
three  children,  Kosic,  Mrs.  Smuck ;  Caroline,  Mrs. 
Ulrich,  anil  Henry,  at  home.  Mr.  Krcuter  died  on 
liliruary   1 9.  1879. 

Kroiiipliardi  II.  haker.  319  New  slreel. 
Kruau  Tlieu.  luukol  maker,  103  llrld(e  atrvM. 


PEORtA  CITY  DIRECTORY. 


66t 


KRUSE  CHARLES  A.  gardener.  S.  Adams 
street  near  Moffatt's  cemetery,  was  born  in  Prussia  in 
1S41,  came  to  America  in  1S56,  and  to  Peoria  two  years 
later.  For  nine  years  he  worked  at  his  trade  of  pain- 
ter, and  married  in  1S63,  Miss  Caroline  Seibold,  a  na- 
tive of  Wurtenburg,  Gennany,  who  came  to  America  in 
1854.  By  this  marriage  he  has  five  children  —  Minnie, 
Annie  S.,  Charles  A.,  Caroline  T.  and  Otto  F.  Mr. 
Kruse  owns  seven  acres  of  land  where  he  resides,  worth 
$300  an  acre,  and  eight  acres  on  Sec.  18,  worth  $50  an 
acre.  He  cultivates  all  kinds  of  vegetables,  and  dispo- 
ses of  them  at  the  Central  Market. 
Kruse  Geo.  res.  Moss  street. 

KRUSE  FRED.  W.  G.  gardener,  S.  Adams 
street,  near  Moffatt's  cemetery,  was  born  in  Germany 
in  1S49,  and  is  the  son  of  Christian  and  Johanna  Kruse, 
who  came  to  America  with  their  family  in  1S65,  and 
are  now  both  dead.  Mr.  Kruse  was  married  in  1S73 
to  Matilda  Brunsel,  who  was  born  in  Germany  in  1S55, 
and  by  whom  he  has  four  children  —  Frederick  L.  C, 
August  E.,  Johanna  and  Matilda.  He  has  been  en- 
gaged in  gardening  pursuits  for  eight  years,  rai^^ing  all 
kinds  of  garden  truck,  which  find  a  ready  market  in 
the  city.  He  owns  g^  acres  of  land  in  lower  Peoria, 
worth  $250  an  acre. 
Kruse  H.  drugs,  511  S.  Adams  street. 

KRUSE  HENRY,  stock  dealer,  res.  Moss 
street,  was  born  in  the  kingdom  of  Hanover,  Germany, 
June  27,  1824,  and  is  the  son  of  Frederick  and  Louisa 
(Fly)  Kruse,  both  now  deceased.  He  emigrated  from 
his  native  country  to  America  in  1844,  and  located  in 
Chicago,  where  he  remained  until  1S47,  then  coming  to 
Peoria,  where  he  has  ever  since  resided.  He  carried  on 
his  trade  of  butcher  until  the  Spring  of  the  present  year. 
He  married  in  1850,  Johanna  Kruse,  who  was  born  in 
Germany  April  28,  1832,  by  whom  he  has  four  children 
living  Frederick  G.,  Lewis  H.,  George  O.  and  Lena  L. 
Mr.  Kruse  owns  property  to  the  amount  of  about 
$25,000,  all  of  which  he  has  worked  hard  for  and  earned 
by  the  sweat  of  his  brow,  not  having  any  thing  to  start 
upon. 

KRUSE  JOHN  H.  dealer  in  stoves,  hardware 
and  tinware,  1604  S.  Adams  street,  was  born  in  East 
Friesland.  Germany,  November  15,  1858,  and  is  the 
son  of  Bertus  J.  and  E.  (Schmidt)  Kruse,  natives  of 
that  country.  He  resided  there  until  nine  years  of  age 
when  he  came  to  America  with  his  parents,  landing  at 
New  York  June  15,  1858,  and  going  from  thence  to 
Minonk,  Woodford  county.  111.  In  course  of  the  same 
Summer  his  father  was  taken  sick  and  died,  and  shortly 
afterward  he  moved  with  his  mother  across  the  river  to 
Peoria  county  and  settled  in  Peoria,  where  he  has  ever 
since  resided.  He  clerked  for  several  years  and  worked 
hard  at  any  thing  that  turned    up   to    make   an  honest 


living,  and  finally  commenced  to  learn  the  trade  of 
tinner  in  1S75  with  the  firm  of  F.  Meyer  &  Bro.  and 
worked  for  them  as  apprentice  and  journeyman  for 
some  years,  and  then,  in  June,  1879,  started  for  him- 
self at  his  present  location.  He  keeps  a  fine  stock  of 
stoves  and  all  kinds  of  shelf  hardware  and  house  fur- 
nishing goods,  and  is  building  up  a  fine  business.  He 
married  April  I,  1880,  Miss  Salley  Rudel,  a  native  of 
Germany,  who  was  born  in  1859,  and  came  to  America 
with  her  parents  in  1875.  His  mother  is  still  living 
and  resides  at  311  McBean  street.  He  is  a  member  of 
the  Evangelical  Church  of  Peoria. 

Kuchera  F.  J.  grocer,  611  S.  Adams  street. 

Kuck  D.  letter  carrier.  306  Third  street. 

Kueny  F.  carpenter,  res.  1300  Perry  street. 

Kuhn  G.  J.  cooper.  1216  .S.  Adams  street. 

Kuudlnger  John,  tailor,  res.  201  Spencer  street. 

Kunkel  Jacoh.  carpenter,  res.  Tracy  street. 

Kuntz  Phil.  res.  103  Helen  street. 

Kuss  Jas.  tailor,  res.  303  Cliarleton  street. 

LaiUl  B.  Fred.  428  Fulton  street. 

Laine  Henry,  cattle  feeder.  106  Pecan  street. 

Lanil)  c.  engineer  P.,  L.  &  I),  res.  22"  S.  Madison  street. 

Lanimer  Christ,  grocer.  1319  S.  Adams  street. 

Lammers  F.  grocer,  1301  S.  Ad;ims  street. 

Lammers  H.  res.  Bradley  avenue. 

Lance  J.  L.  carpenter,  704  8.  Washington  street. 

Landls  W.  C.  engineer  T.,  P.  &  W. 

LANDON  SARAH  Mrs. 

Lang  tlohn,  gardener,  906  Fourth  street. 

Lang  W.  908  Fourth  street. 

Langton  W.  carpenter.  203  S.  Underbill  street. 

LAPHAM  LEVI  A.  attorney,  316  Main  St._ 
was  born  in  Hamilton,  Butler  county,  Ohio,  July  5, 
1S41,  and  is  the  son  of  Levi  Lapham  and  Freelove  H. 
Aldrich,  natives  of  Rhode  Island.  He  is  descended 
from  a  very  old  American  family,  originally  from 
Wales  and  England,  (Roundheads)  which  came  to 
America  in  1632.  He  was  educated  at  Union  College, 
Schenectady,  N.  Y.,  and  coming  to  Peoria  in  May, 
1863,  began  the  study  of  law  with  Mr.  Jonathan  K. 
Cooper,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  January,  1866. 
He  has  since  followed  that  profession,  and  is  presently 
very  largely  engaged  in  real  estate  practice.  He  en- 
listed in  April,  1864,  in  Co.  F.  139th  I.  V.  I.,  Capt.  W. 
H.  Snow,  and  was  mustered  out  in  November  of  the 
same  year.  The  regiment  served  principally  in  the 
States  of  Missouri  and  Kentucky.  Politically  he  is  a 
Republican,  and  in  religious  matters,  an  agnostic. 

LANGE  EDWARD,  butcher,  420  First  street, 
was  born  in  Germany,  January  24,  1821,  and  is  the  son 
of  Anton  and  Hannah  (Fischer)  Lange,  natives  of  Ger- 
many. He  was  raised  and  learned  his  trade  there,  and 
came  to  America  in  1848,  landing  in  New  York  in  Sep- 
tember of  that  year.  For  the  next  two  years  he  resided 
in  New  York  city,  working  at  his  trade,  and  married 
there  September  9,  1850,  Frederika  Radei-,  a  native  of 
Germany,  by  whom  he  has  had  eleven  children,  six  now 
living — Emma,  Mary,  Anna,  Dora,  Alvina  and  Ed. 
ward.  Immediately  after  marriage  he  removed  to 
Canada  West,  where  he  resided  for  six  years,  and  then 
came  to  Peoria,  where  he  worked  for  two  years,  and 
then  started  a  business  for  liimsclf,  and   has  since  con- 


668 


niSTORY   OF   I'EORIA  COUNTY 


tinned   it.     He  resides   with,  his  family   in   Taiewell 
county,  opposite  Peoria.     His  wife   and  he  are  mem- 
bers of  the  German  Baptist  Church. 
Ldrkin  John.  l»b.jrf  r,  rfs.  407  llurlbut  »trei-t. 

LATHltOP    MAKIA    C.   Mrs.   widow  of 
Myron  J.  Lathrop,  residence  717  Hamilton  street.    Was 
bom  in  Schoharie  county.  N.  V..  in  1S18.  is  the  daugh- 
ter  of  Andrew  P.  and  Maria  (Nellis)  Loucks,  natives 
of  same  State.      Removed  with  parents  to  Kalamazoo. 
Mich.,  in  the  Spring  of  1833.  where    she  married  Mr. 
Lathrop  two  years  later.     He  was  born  in  Shaftsburg. 
Vt..    in   1812,    and    was    the  son  of  Anson    and  Sarah 
(Martin)  Lathrop.     Mr.  and    .Mrs.  L.  settled  in  St.  Jo- 
seph,  .Mich.,  in  1836.  and  removed  to  Ypsilanti  in  184O. 
where  they  lived  till   1851.     In   1850  Mr.  L.  went  to 
California,  being  gone    fifteen   months,    and  upon  his 
return  they  removed  to  Peoria,   in   June,    1851.      He 
worked    for  a    time  at    his   trade  — blacksmith  — but 
failing  health  compelled  him  to  abandon  it.     He  then 
started  a  small  eating  house  in  a  cellar  where  the  Sec- 
ond National  Bank    now    stands.     Through  diligence 
and  careful  management  the  business  rapidly  grew,  a 
fruit  and  vegetable  store  was  added,  and  in  a  few  years 
he  erected  a  large  building  on   Washington  street,  and 
established  a  cracker  and  candy  manufactory  which,  be- 
fore his  death,  did  a  business  of  over  $200,000  a  year. 
Mr.  L.  died  July  4,  187S.  leaving  a  family  of  four  daugh- 
ters, Julia   E.,  Helen   C,  Anna  Maria  — widow  of  Dr. 
Timothy  Uabb.  who  died   of  consumption,  contracted 
while  serving  as  assistant  surgeon  of  the  47th  Reg.  III. 
Inf.  during  the  late  war— and  MaryC.  Lathrop.    They 
had  buried  two  sons   and  one    daughter.     The   whole 
family  were  zealously  active  in  sanitary  and  relief  work 
during    the  war.    contributing    both  labor  and   money 
without  stint.     Mrs.  L.  acted  constantly  with  the  Wo- 
man's Aid  Society,  of  which  she  was  one  of  the  twelve 
directresses.     She  has  preserved  a  scrapbook  of  history 
covering   the  entire    four    years  of    that    deadly  strife, 
made  up  from  the  papers  and  telegrams  of   the  move- 
ments of  the  armies. 

LAUKICNK  It.  E.  printer.  Sun  office,  res.  1827 
North  Jederson  street.  Was  born  in  New  York,  June. 
1833.  Father  moved  to  Ohio,  where  he  commenced 
to  learn  the  printers'  trade,  in  the  city  of  Cincinnati. 
Has  undergone  a  good  many  changes  and  trials  in  his 
early  life  as  a  printer,  and  while  oiling  the  printing 
press  in  Cincinnati  he  lost  his  left  arm.  Was  married 
November  14.  1856,  to  Adelia  Reding.  She  was  bom 
in  Indiana.  They  have  had  four  children.  Charles. 
Rosie  A.  Ella  M.  and  Waller  E.  He  located  in  I'eoria 
September  28.  1874.  where  he  has  continued  to  reside, 
working  at  his  trade,  and  at  the  present  time  is  engaged 
with  the  publication  of  the  Peoria  Sun,  in  connection 
with  U.  T.  Elderkln. 
Law  8.  A.  I  IK  N.  JTiranoii  ilrri-i. 


Lawlfr  M.  llreman.  808  Butler  «tr««. 
Liiwr.?n«  John  li.  clrrk  V   1.  A  D  frflKhl. 
ljwr>-iii<!  T    ii»lnl  shop.  i(i3  Iliuillloii  ilrceL 
Laicllr  W.  ¥.  capitalist.  \i\  IliKh  >l(rel. 

LEE  HON.  JOHN'  8.  attorney  at  law.  103 
N.  Jefferson  street,  was  bom  in  .Maysville,  Ky.,  Febru- 
ary 6.  1864.  and  is  the  fourth  son  of  a  family  of  eight 
sons  and  two  daughters  of  James  A.  and  Elizabeth  W. 
Lee.  net  Wood.  James  A.  Lee  was  a  native  of  New  Jer- 
sey ;  Miss  Wood,  of  Kentucky,  where  her  parents  were 
pioneers.  Her  father  was  a  large  landholder  in  Lewis 
county.  Mr.  Lee  came  with  his  parents  to  Peoria  in 
August.  1856.  where  his  father  died  in  1872;  mother 
still  living.  .Mr.  Lee  was  educated  in  the  schools  of 
the  city,  read  law  with  Judge  H.  M.  Reed  (deceased), 
formerly  one  of  Peoria's  leading  lawyers,  and  was  ad- 
mitted to  practice  in  June.  1865.  He  devoted  his  at- 
tention to  legal  practice  until  he  was  elected  to  the 
State  Legislature  by  the  Democratic  party  in  1870; 
served  one  term  and  was  elected  as  a  member  of  the 
State  Senate  in  1 872  by  over  500  majority,  and  re- 
elected in  1876  by  a  larger  vote.  These  nominations 
were  unsolicited  on  the  part  of  .Mr.  Lee.  and  only  ac- 
cepted after  repeated  declinations.  He  discharged  the 
duties  with  ability  and  acceptance,  and  is  now  urged  to 
become  a  candidate  for  governor.  The  law  tirm  of 
Stevens.  Lee  &  Galligher  is  one  of  the  leading  firms  of 
the  city,  and  has  a  very  extensive  practice. 

LEGKOS  FHANK,  coal  dealer.  317  N   Wash- 
ington street. 

LehneC.  F.  m.  11SI.II><Tt)  »tr..et. 

LelKhton  A.  hl«cli»mlth  l'lo»  works,  res.  North llty. 

L.roiinnl  C.  lt»rker.  ISOM  .■<.  \Va.»hlnKton  itrMU 

U-oiM)l<l  lliMiry.  shotiinlnT.  TJO  N.  Ailami  street. 

I.eiiliolil  K.  rf«.  Ill  tl«>  Mrret. 

I.ewls  John  II.  rt».  l.pwrr  I'forl*. 

I,cwl!i.saMii,  I. rl.-k -Million.  1415  s  WsihliiKton  sireel. 

I,i'»  1»  Will.  !■   c  allli'  iliiiliT.  lOlJ  htltellr  slrrct. 

Le%  J..".-.  II    <■  I.aiii>l<.i.  10(lli.i\  »lr.-el         

Llghtiier  II.  capllall^l,  rrs  for.  Jftli-rsoii  anil  llamlltou  ilreeu. 

LIDWINOSKY  S.VMUEL,  dealer  in  dry 
goods,  notions,  boots  and  shoes,  clothing,  etc..  535  S. 
Adams  street,  was  born  in  Poland,  in  May.  iSsi.and  is 
the  son  of  Jacob  Lidwinosky.  He  came  to  .\niericain 
l86<).  and  landing  at  New  York  in  .Vugust  of  that  year, 
headed  straight  for  Peoria,  and  during  the  next  four 
years  peddled  notions,  etc.  through  I'eoria  and  adjoin- 
ing counties.  Six  years  ago  he  started  a  permanent 
place  of  business  and  has  since  continued  it  When 
seventeen  years  old  he  married,  in  his  native  country, 
Rachael  Hrin.  by  whom  he  has  had  five  children  — 
Jacob.  Erris.  Annie.  Rachel  and  Hannah.  He  con- 
ducts a  prosperous  business,  and  carries  a  stock  of 
about  $5,000. 
IJllrjr  I',  m.  I00»  Soconil  utrwi. 

LINCOLN  A.  F.  land  agent,  res.  709  S.  Adams 
street.  W.IS  liorn  in  Taunton.  Hrlstol  county,  Mass., 
.■\ugu^t  24,  1825.  and  after  his  school  days  were  over 
came  We-t,  settling  in  Peoria  October  I,  1845,  where, 
in  the  following  Spring,  he  started  in  the  lumber  bu»i- 


PEORIA   CITY   DIRECTORY. 


669 


ncss,  and  shortly  afterwards  added  to  it  that  of  a  furni- 
ture dealer.  He  continued  to  deal  in  lumber  until 
1S72,  and  in  furniture  until  1 879,  in  which  year  he  be- 
(;an  his  present  business  of  land  agent.  He  married 
October  10,  1857,  Miss  Amanda  Melvina  Stevenson, 
who  was  born  in  Knox  county,  Ohio,  February  23, 
1847,  and  by  whom  he  has  had  two  children  —  Jennie, 
born  November  24,  1864,  died  July  3,  1874,  and  Fanny 
A.,  born  March  ig,  1862. 

Lincoln  H.  C.  pawnbroker.  :)'JT -S.  Adams  street. 

I.Ind  L,  W.  res.  611  N.  Monroe  street. 

I..ln(l  Matthew.  nilllwrlL'lit.  fill  N.  Monroe  street. 

Lindsay  J.  T.  res.  377  Hluff  street. 

Lindsay  Thos.  whltewasher.  res.  Ill  N.  Monroe  street. 

Lines  C.  C.  liookkeeper.  Second  Nation.-*]  ISank. 

Llnehack  WlUiuni,  res.  1*29  North  street. 

LINDOKEX  J.  F.  flour,  feed  and  coal  dealer, 
corner  Elm  and  South  Adams  streets.  Was  born  in 
Sweden,  March  8,  1841,  and  is  the  son  of  J.  J.  and 
Anna  Lindgren,  natives  of  that  country.  He  was  raised 
at  home  upon  a  farm,  and  was  educated  at  the  College 
of  Lund,  in  Sweden,  and  came  to  America  in  1872, 
landing  at  New  York  in  the  Spring  of  that  year,  and 
from  thence  went  to  Chicago,  and  remained  there  until 
1S76,  being  employed  part  of  the  time  in  the  hotel 
business.  He  came  to  Peoria  in  1877,  and  started  in 
his  present  business  on  his  own  account  about  two 
years  ago.  He  rents  the  Chase  Mill  and  uses  it  for 
storage  purposes,  and  carries  on  hand  a  large  stock  of 
grain,  flour,  coal,  etc.  He  married  in  December,  1878, 
Miss  Tillie  Sanderson,  who  was  born  in  Sweden,  in 
i860.  He  and  his  wife  are  adherents  of  the  M.  E 
Church. 

IiINDSAY  J.  C.  grocer,  121  South  Washington 
street,  son  of  Andrew  and  Jane  (Davidson)  Lindsay, 
natives  of  Pennsylvania,  where  the  subject  of  this  sketch 
was  born  on  the  20th  day  of  June,  1829.  Emigrated 
to  Peoria  when  he  was  nine  years  old,  and  received 
what  education  the  city  schools  afforded  at  that  time. 
Married  .Miss  Sarah  M.  Dinwiddle.  She  was  the 
daughter  of  Hugh  Dinwiddle;  was  born  in  Pennsyl- 
vania, November,  1835.  The  fruit  of  this  marriage 
was  three  children,  two  boys  and  one  girl,  Charles  C, 
Minnie  and  William  McCoy.  Members  of  the  Presby- 
terian Church.  Engaged  in  business  in  1858;  carries 
a  stock  of  $8,000,  and  is  one  of  the  oldest  grocerymen 
in  the  city. 
Linton  John,  laborer  T,.  I".  &  \V.  shops,  res.  1013  First  street. 

LITTLEFIELD  R.  C.  carpenter,  604  South 
Adams  street.  Was  born  in  York  county,  Maine,  Sep- 
tember, 1833,  and  is  the  son  of  Elisha  and  Sarah  (Ran- 
kin) Littlefield,  natives  of  that  State.  He  was  raised 
there  until  sixteen  years  of  age,  and  removed  to  Massa- 
chusetts, learning  his  trade  in  Charlestown  in  that  State, 
where  he  resided  three  years;  thence  removed  to  Bloom- 
ington.  111.,  for  six  months,  and  from  there  to  Hudson, 
McLean  county.  III.,  where  he  married  in  April,  1856. 
Miss  Lucinda  A.  Bayliss,  a  native  of   Ohio,  by   whom 


he  has  had  seven  children,  all  living,  William,  Ella, 
Hattie,  Frank,  Lewis,  Flora  and  Charles.  In  1S59  he 
went  to  El  Paso,  Woodford  county,  where  he  remained 
till  1866,  and  then  removed  to  Peoria,  where  he  has 
since  resided  and  carried  on  business.  He  makes  a 
specialty  of  the  manufacture  of  distillery  and  sugar 
house  tubs,  and  has  done  quite  a  large  business  in  them 
of  late  years.  Mrs.  Littlefield  is  a  member  of  the  Bap- 
tist Church. 
Livingston  Arthur,  res.  253  Bluff  street. 

LIVINGSTON  SAMUEL  A.  recording  clerk^ 
County  Clerk's  office,  Peoria.  The  subject  of  this  sketch 
is  a  young  man,  in  the  prime  of  life.  He  is  a  son  of 
Arthur  and  Isabella  Livingston,  nte  Downs,  and  was 
born  in  Radnor  township,  this  county,  February  16, 
1851.  His  father  is  a.  native  of  Scotland,  and  came  to 
America  in  1833,  and  settled  in  Illinois  in  1845,  in 
Radnor  township.  His  mother  is  a  native  of  Fulton 
county.  Pa  Samuel  is  their  second  son,  and  received 
the  larger  part  of  his  education  at  the  common  school 
at  Glendale,  the  home  of  his  youth.  He  was  an  apt 
scholar,  and  made  every  moment  count.  There  are 
but  few  men  of  his  age  who  possess  finer  business  qual- 
ifications, while  his  deportment  commends  him  to  all, 
both  in  business  or  social  way.  He  is  admirably 
adapted  to  the  position  he  fills  with  such  signal  ability 
and  industry.  He  left  the  farm  in  1871,  and  since  that 
time  has  given  his  exclusive  attention  to  the  duties  of 
the  counting-room.  On  the  23th  of  December,  1875, 
he  united  in  marri.age  with  Miss  Belle  Bramble,  daugh- 
ter of  James  W.  and  Pamelia  Bramble,  nte  Seeley,  who 
was  born  on  Long  Island,  N.  Y.  This  union  has  been 
cemented  with  the  birth  of  two  sons,  Brainard  B.  and 
Elwood  S. 

LLOYD  R.  H.   United  States  ganger,   res.  909 
N.  Adams  street. 

LLOYD  THOMAS,  stoves,  119 S.Washington 
street. 

Locklinrn  D.  rnoper,  rrs.  fiOH  Perry  street. 
LoefflerGeo.  priiiiter.  I'r.-iirie  street. 
Loker.Iohn  J,  rnppcrsnnrh.  400  S.  Adams  street. 
Long  C.  carpenter.  1313  Monroe  street. 
Lonf?  tieorRf,  307  Moss  street. 
Long  Martin,  res.  1018  First  street. 
Loock  L.  E.  grocer,  1151  S.  Adams  street. 
Loefel  John,  saloon,  210  S.  Madison  street. 

LOOMIS  L.  J.  real  estate  agent,  no  S.  Adams 

street. 

I.orentz  G.  W.  candy  maker,  res.  300  Hurlbut  street. 

Lorentz  J.  res.  216  S.  Adams  street. 

LOUCKS  WELLINGTON  (of  Loucks  & 
Loucks),  attorney  at  law,  227  Main  street,  was  born  at 
Schoharie,  Schoharie  county,  N.  V.,  March  31,  1823, 
and  is  the  son  of  Andrew  P.  and  Maria  (Nellis)  Loucks, 
natives  of  New  York  State.  When  about  one  year  old, 
his  parents  moved  to  Albany,  where  he  attended 
school.  In  1833  removed  with  his  parents  to  Kalama- 
7.00  county,  Michigan.  They  farmed  there  until  1S37, 
when  they  removed  to  Detroit  and  his  father  engaged 


670 


HISTORY   OF   PEORIA   COUNTY. 


in  mercantile  business,  and  the  subject  of  this  sketch 
received  his  bu>incss  education.  In  1841  he  removed 
to  St.  Louis,  then  a  city  of  some  15,000  inhabitants,  re- 
mained till  October,  1843.  preparing  himself  for  col- 
lege, and  then  entered  Hanover  College,  Iniiiana  and 
removed  with  it  to  Madison,  in  the  same  .State,  where 
the  institution  was  finally  abandoned,  and  he  went 
with  the  faculty  to  Miami  University,  Ohio,  which  he 
attended  until  1845,  when,  from  failing  health,  he  was 
compelled  to  give  up  his  studies.  Mis  father  having 
meanwhile  moved  to  Peoria,  he  rejoined  him  there 
August  5,  of  that  year,  and  shortly  afterwards  com- 
menced merchandising  on  his  own  account,  and  so 
continued  until  1857,  when  he  was  elected  county 
judge  against  strong  opposition  by  a  majority  of  365 
votes.  At  that  time  the  Couftty  Court  had  concurrent 
jurisdiction  with  the  Circuit  Court  in  all  matters,  ex- 
cept chancery  cases  and  penitentiary  ofTences,  and  the 
oftice  was  a  very  lucrative  one.  Mr.  Loucks  held  the 
office  until  1S61.  when  he  resigned  in  consequence  of 
the  repeal  of  the  extended  jurisdiction  of  the  County 
Court.  Me  had  been  admitted  to  the  bar  by  examina- 
tion before  the  Supreme  Court  at  Springfield,  in  1S60, 
during  his  term  of  office,  and  upon  his  resignation  en- 
gaged in  the  practice  of  law.  In  November,  1863,  he 
was  elected  prosecuting  attorney  of  the  city,  and  held 
the  office  one  year.  Since  then  he  has  devoted  himself 
to  private  practice,  bestowing  special  attention  to 
chancery  ca.ses  and  probate  matters.  Mr.  Loucks 
married  in  Peoria,  March  21,  1847,  Miss  Rebecca  A., 
daughter  of  Geo.  Rodccker,  and  a  native  of  Logan 
county,  Ohio,  by  whom  he  has  had  five  children,  four 
living— Alva,  now  in  partnership  with  his  father, 
Wellington  E.,  p.istor  of  First  Presbyterian  Church  at 
Crawford sville,  Ind.,  Franklin  and  .Mabel.  Mr.  Loucks 
is  a  Democrat  in  politics.  Himself,  wife  and  family 
arc  members  of  the  First  Presbyterian  Church,  and  he 
has  for  many  years  been  superintendent  of  its  Sunday 
school  and  prominently  identified  with  Union  Sunday 
school  work  in  the  county.  He  resides  at  P'orcst  Hill. 
Kichwoods  township,  upon  the  Knoxvillc  road,  about 
2'/i  miles  from  I'coria. 
MuKlilln  M.  II.  rcK.  gi6  .s.  Adaniii  •Irccu 

LOUGHKIDOK  S.  0„  M.D.,  physician  and 
surgeon.  305  Main  street,  is  a  native  of  Ohio,  and  re- 
ceived  his  literary  education  at  Washington,  I'a.;  gra- 
dualeil  at  Jefferson  Medical  College,  Philadelphia,  Pa., 
in  1866.  and  also  at  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons 
at  New  Vork,  in  1870;  began  the  practice  of  his  pro- 
fession at  Marietta,  Ohio  in  1866,  and  came  to  Peoria 
in  1873. 

LOUIS  MCIIOI..\.S  .1.  Peoria  Roofing  Co., 
33;  ilriilgc  street,  was  born  in  I^rraine,  France,  in 
April,  1833,  and  is  the  son  of  Christoph  and  Klital>eth 
Louis,  natives  of  that  Province.     He  was  railed  there      I 


until  eighteen  years  of  age.  when  he  came  to  .\merica, 
landing  at  New  Vork  in  March,  1850;  went  to  Utica. 
N.  Y..  and  there  learned  his  trade  of  tinner,  ser\ing 
three  years  at  it,  and  then  removed  to  Chicago  where 
he  worked  as  journeyman  for  three  and  one-half  years, 
coming  to  Peoria  in  1857,  where  he  has  since  resided. 
He  remained  in  one  employ  for  seven  years,  and  during 
that  time  married  March  9, 1859,  Miss  Juliana  Ghering, 
a  native  of  Gauershcin,  Germany,  who  was  bom  there 
June  24,  1837,  by  whom  he  has  had  four  children  —  ■ 
.\nnie,  born  December  II,  1861  ;  Juliana,  born  March 
I,  1863;  August  Louis,  born  October  5,  1864;  and 
Charles  N.,  born  September  18,  1869.  He  began  busi- 
ne.ss  for  himself  in  1865  in  his  present  line,  and  h.is 
since  continued  it.  He  makes  a  specialty  of  galvanized 
cornices,  and  slate,  tin  and  gravel  roofing,  also  docs 
jobbing  in  tin  of  all  descriptions.  Mr.  Louis  was  for 
three  years  chief  engineer  of  the  fire  department  of 
Peoria  before  the  organization  of  the  present  paid  de- 
partment. Has  also  been  president  and  treasurer  of 
Union  Turnverein.  He  owns  his  residence  and  lot 
corner  S.  Adams  and  Maple  streets,  and  also  the  build- 
ings corner  Bridge  and  Washington  streets,  where  he 
conducts  his  business.  .Mrs.  Ix>uis'  mother  at  the  age 
of  eighty-three  years  is  still  alive,  and  resides  with  her 
son-in-law. 

l.«>w  I,,  ratller.  res.  343  Nfw  street. 

I»we  R  11.  coinuilsAluii  hruki-r.  res.  207  S.  Orange  strceL 

LOWMAN  ISAAC,  clothier,  411  S.  Adams 
street,  was  born  in  Germany  in  1857,  and  is  the  son  of 
Lazarus  and  Jennette  Lowman.  His  father  is  dead, 
but  his  mother  is  still  alive.  He  emigrated  to  .\merica 
in  April,  1874,  and  located  in  Cincinnati,  O.,  where  he 
eng.igcd  in  the  "  men's  funiishing  goods  "  line  for  some 
time,  removing  thence  to  Portsmouth.  O.,  and  fn>m 
there  to  Lafayette,  Iml.  He  came  to  Peoria  in  1879. 
and  has  since  been  engageil  in  dealing  in  clothing  and 
gent's  furnishing  goods ;  is  now  running  his  present 
store  for  Oppenheim  llros.  of  New  York. 

I.iifsirr  Henry.  n^9.  Ml  .S.  Adami  Rireet. 

I.iiriu  Atlaiii.  nimtr.  .'(•fe^.  etc.  ijll  Kullnii  street, 

I.iMler  r.  rurpenler.  530  S.  Wanliliiirtnn  iilreet, 

I.iHlkr  W.  KAluMii,  s.  Waler  siri'ei, 

l.iKlulft  C.  Iinol  niAker,  ITO.'S  S.  \\'iuihliiirtoti  NlreeL 

l.udw  Ik.  .PmIui.  pfililler.  re^.  .M  1  W.  .IfrfiTnuii  sirrel, 

lunki:niii:imi:ic  fkank,  blacksmith 

and  wagon  maker,  311  N.  Washington  street,  was  born 
in  Darmstadt,  Ciermany,  July  16,  1834,  came  to  Amer- 
ica in  1846,  made  the  trip  in  a  sailing  vessel  and  was 
forty  four  days  on  the  water  from  London.  Came  to 
New  York,  where  he  remained  a  short  time  and  thence 
to  Indiana  where   he   learned    his  trade,   and   in    1850 

came  to  Peoiia.     Married  Miss  .Margaret  .     She 

was  born  in  Germany  in  1S33.  There  was  three  chil- 
dren, one  of  which  is  living,  Frank,  bom  C>ctobcr  31, 
1859.     .Members  of  the  Catholic  Church. 

l.tipton  Jf>ftrpli  8.  crocer.  1813  H.  Wantilnffton  •lr««(. 
LuU  Marx  Anna,  Mn.  res.  11SI4  8.  Adami  ■m«L 


PEORIA  CITY   DIRECTORY. 


671 


IjYNCH  PATRICK,  lilacksmilh,  corner  Gar- 
den and  S.  Adams  streets,  was  born  in  Ireland,  Novem- 
ber 2,  1837,  and  is  the  son  of  James  and  Margaret 
Lynch.  He  came  to  America  with  his  parents  in  1S49; 
father  died  in  1877,  and  mother  still  living.  He 
married  in  1858  Catherine  Cosgrove,  a  native  of  Ire- 
land, who  bore  him  three  children,  John  G.,  Michael 
T.,  and  William  (deceased).  She  died  in  Jan.  i860,  and 
he  then  married  his  present  wife,  then  Mrs.  Mary  P.  Hir;- 
gins,  who  was  born  in  Ireland,  in  1838,  by  whom  he 
had  three  children,  two  now  living  —  Thomas  F.,  (de- 
ceased,) Tames  P.  and  Mary.  Mr.  Lynch  is  engaged  in 
the  business  of  blacksmithing  and  horseshoeing,  and 
shoes  all  the  horses  of  the  Central  City  Horse  Railway 
Co. 

LiYOJf  AARON,  tailor,  709  Seventh  street,  was 
born  in  Shirley,  Mass.,  September  I2,  1812.  Emigrated 
with  his  parents  to  Marietta,  Ohio,  when  he  was  a 
small  boy.  Having  an  older  sister  in  Cincinnati,  went 
there  and  learned  his  trade,  which  he  has  followed 
since.  Married  in  1834  Miss  Matilda  Olney.  She  was 
born  in  Marietta,  O.,  July  3,  1S17.  The  fruit  of  this 
marriage  was  seven  children,  four  of  whom  are  still 
living.  Eliza,  now  Mrs.  Weston  Arnold,  of  Kansas, 
George  W.,  Franklin  O.,  and  Chas.  E. 
LrY'ON  LOUIS,  grocer. 

LYON  SIMON,  (retired  grocer),  residence  216 
S.  Madison  street,  was  born  in  Germany  in  May,  1S22. 
Emigrated  to  United  States  thirty-five  years  ago,  and 
settled  for  five  years  in  New  York  city,  a  part  of  the 
time  running  a  peddling  wagon,  and  a  part  in  the  butch- 
ering business.  While  there,  in  November,  1850,  he 
married  Esther  Salaman,  also  a  native  of  Germany. 
They  immediately  came  to  Peoria,  where  they  have 
lived  to  rear  a  family  of  five  children — Henrietta, 
Nancy,  Louis,  Harry  and  Jennie.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  L. 
embarked  in  the  grocery  business  upon  their  arrival  in 
Peoria,  and  have  steadily  pursued  it  for  thirty  years, 
the  sons  having  managed  it  since  their  father  was  dis- 
abled by  sickness,  in  August,  1878.  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Lyon  are  members  of  the  Hebrew  Church,  and  Mrs.  L. 
has  been  treasurer  of  the  Women's  Hebrew  Benevolent 
Society  eighteen  years.  Besides  the  c.ipital  invested  in 
the  grocery,  they  own  a  comfortable  homestead,  which 
they  occupy. 

LY'ON  WILLIAM  B.  (deceased)  residence 
of  widow  211  N.  Madison  street,  was  born  in  Genes- 
see  county.  New  York,  near  the  city  of  Rochester,  in 
1821.  He  came  to  Licking  county,  Ohio,  when  a  lad. 
Was  married  in  Newark,  in  1844,10  Henrietta  M.  Ste- 
vens, born  in  Lewis  county.  New  York,  in  1823.  Mr. 
L.  engaged  in  the  grocery  business  in  Newark  till  1853, 
when  they  removed  to  Peoria,  where  he  continued  in 
the  grocery  trade  about  six  years.  Then  for  two  years 
carried  on  distilling.     Did  a  general  commission  busi- 


ness, under  the  firm  name  of  Lyon  &  Howe,  and  in  1B66 

embarked  in  the  spice  manufacture,  in  the  firm  of  Lyon, 

Richards  &  Co.,  which  business  he  continued  till  just 

prior  to  his  death,  when  he  retired  and  settled  up  all  his 

affairs.     His  death  occurred  on  February  27,  1S72.    Mr. 

L.'s  religious  belief  was  Swedenborgian.     They  adopted 

a  son,  who  bears  their  name,  Frank  K.  Lyon,   w  ith  the 

wholesale  drug  house  of  Singer  &  Wheeler,  Peoria.     Mr. 

L.  left  a  comfortable  estate  for  his  widow,  who  occupies 

the  elegant  homestead  on  Madison  street. 

Mackey  M.,  truck  w.iRon.  res.  710  Firs    street. 

MartiRan  .loliii.  teamster,  res.  708  First  street. 

Macee  I'eter,  res.  1201  N.  Adam.i  street.     „.    ,  ,      ^ 

Mahonev  T..  watchman  naiik.  re.<.  131 1  S.  Washington  street, 

Malone  Ellzalicth,  res.  302  Thlril  street. 

Malone  ,F.  E..  teacher,  res.  302  Third  s^reet. 

]\I.i]one  .J.,  teamster,  res.  516  Smith  street. 

Malone  L..  Rrocer.  Wehster  avenue. 

Mammen  Henry  V.,  blacksmith,  res.  309  McBean street. 

Man  E.  Q.,  res.  170  N.  Fayette  street. 

Manning  B..  res,  314  Greenleaf  .street. 

Mansfleld  H.,  real  estate,  res.  112  Perry  street. 

Marcy  M.  M.,  res.  710  Knoxvllle  ro.id. 

Margratf  J.,  dry  goods.  1211  Adams  street. 

Marsh  P.  J.,  flour.  302  S.  Washington  street. 

MAUKER  JOHN,  saloon,  1309  S.  Adams 
street,  was  born  in  Germany,  October  12,  1846,  and  is 
the  son  of  Adam  and  Mary  Louisa  (Haas)  Maurer,  na- 
tives of  Germany.  He  came  with  his  parents  to 
America  in  1857,  landing  at  New  York  May  20 
of  that  year.  After  a  short  stay  in  Pennsylvania,  they 
went  to  Newark,  N.  J.  and  resided  there  until  1864, 
when  he  enlisted,  on  September  30.  in  Co.  B.  3gth 
Regiment  N.  J.  V.  L,  under  command  of  Col.  Wildrick, 
and  served  until  June  27,  1S65,  when  he  was  mustered 
out  at  place  of  enlistment.  He  participated  in  the  bat- 
tles of  Hatches  Run,  Petersburg,  and  many  other  smal- 
ler affairs.  Mr.  Maurer  comes  of  a  family  of  soldiers  — 
his  grandfather  was  a  "  Hessian  "  in  the  revolutionary 
war,  and  his  father  in  the  war  of  the  late  rebellion. 
His  younger  brother  is  now  in  the  5th  U.  S.  Cavalry. 
After  discharge  he  went  to  Cleveland  and  there  worked 
at  the  trade  of  carpenter  for  eighteen  months ;  then 
went  to  Chicago  and  was  burned  out  in  the  great  fire 
ofiS7i.  He  came  to  Peoria  in  October,  1872,  and 
married  on  the  30th  of  the  same  month  and  year.  Miss 
Gustina  Bertha  Hasslcr,  a  native  of  Bureau  county.  III., 
who  was  born  there  May  13,  1851,  by  whom  he  has 
three  children  —  Albert,  Bertha  Theresa,  and  Elizabeth 
Catharine.  He  entered  the  saloon  business  right  after 
marriage,  and  came  to  his  present  location  about  one 
and  a  half  years  ago.  His  father  and  mother  both  re- 
side in  Peoria  ;  is  a  member  of  G.  A.  R. 

Marsh  O.  E.  engineer.  227  Fulton  .street. 

Martin  C.  W.  collar  maker.  113  S.  Washington  street. 

Martens  F.  painter.  408  Main  street. 

Martin  J.  W.  physician,  res.  508  Perry  street. 

Martin  L.  li.  physician,  res.  410  Hancock  street. 

Martin  Wni.  lir.iki'niaii.  res.  821  N.  Washington  street. 

Mason  Wni.  K.  siipl.  I.i Line.  res.  705  S.  Washington  street. 

Mastcrson  M.  lit;  Uarn-ii  street. 

Matthews  Ncwloii,  nal  estate,  124  N.  Adams  strett. 

Mawhyrtcn  E.  tailor,  222  Main  street.  „  ..  ,      . 

Mawlivrten  &  French,  merchant  tailors,  22S  Main  street. 

Mavo  Ada,  res.  307  N.  Adams  street. 

Maxwell  I),  res.  Ii07  N.  Monroe  street. 

Maxwell  Kllen  Mrs.  res.  213  .s.  Jefferson  street. 

McAvoy  Dan,  lahorer,  res.  §01  N.  Mi>dl8oo  Street, 

Mcliurmo  K.  painter. 


672 


HISTORY  OF  PEORIA  COUNTY. 


MrCah^  J.  caltl*  <1«mlrr.  300  John.ton  strrfL 
McC»He  Pef^r.  p»u1*  rtMlT.  tm,  401  G*onfr  strret. 
McCartb)  KURrcif.  ([rorrr.  gtH  Third  •Irerl. 
MrTarthy  J.  Iron  moiiMpr.  r^*.  305  Mrrrpnion  stre«t. 
McTlurp  J.  K    rrv  410  lUluHlon  slrrrl. 
Mrt'lurp  J.  K.  pump*,  f*   lOS  I'crry  ilrrrt. 
Md'uilouKli  Alidrrw,  ulioriT.  fil  1  Sjipiirf  r  slrpet. 
McCollouffh  K.  B.  cuiitri^Iur  an<l  liulldcr.  107  Fourth  itrert. 
McCornilck  L'liu.  re*.  310  N.  Ailftluft  Ktrprt. 
McCrovjr  N.  carprntrr,  1319  N.  MftdlBon  strret. 

McCOY  JOHN  A.  conveyancer  and  notary 
public,  205  Main  street. 

McClLLOCH  HON.  DAVID,  Judge  of 
Circuit  Court,  Peoria,  was  born  in  Cumberland  Co., 
Penn.,  Jan.  35.  1S33  Received  collegiate  educational 
Marshall  College,  Pa.,  graduating  in  the  class  of  1852. 
Came  to  Illinois  in  April,  1853.  Taught  school  in 
Peoria  until  early  in  1855. when  he  commenced  the  study 
of  the  law  with  Manning  &  Merriman,  and  was  admit- 
ted to  practice  in  the  following  year.  In  Nov.  1855, 
he  was  elected  school  commissioner  of  Peoria  Co.  Was 
twice  re-elected  and  continued  to  hold  the  office  until 
1861.  During  this  period  the  new  free  school  system 
of  Illinois  went  into  operation,  and  the  duty  devolved 
upon  him  of  giving  it  a  good  send-off  in  Peoria  Co. 
In  Sept.  i860,  having  remained  in  the  office  of  Manning 
&  Merriman  until  then,  he  opened  an  office  of  his  own. 
but  in  less  than  a  year,  upon  the  accession  of  Merriman's 
elevation  to  the  bench,  he  was  taken  into  partnership 
with  Hon.  Julius  Manning,  which  lasted  until  Man- 
ning's death,  July  4,  1864.  He  then  formed  a  co- 
partnership with  the  late  Charles  P.  Taggart,  which 
continued  until  1869,  when  the  firm  was  dissolved  by 
the  failing  health  of  Taggart.  who  then  went  to  Cali- 
fornia. During  the  continuance  of  this  firm,  and 
especially  the  last  two  years,  on  account  of  Taggart's 
ill-health  the  duties  of  the  office  of  Stale's  attorney, 
which  office  Mr.  T.  held,  largely  devolved  upon  Mc- 
Culloch.  After  a  partnership  of  short  duration  with 
J.  M.  Rice.  Es<i.,  Mr.  McCulloch  formed  a  partnership 
with  John  S.  Stevens,  which  continued  until  the  ap- 
pointment of  the  latter  as  post  master  in  1876.  This 
was  the  most  prosperous  period  of  his  practice.  Dur- 
ing his  term  as  school  commissioner  many  of  his  sug- 
gestions made  to  the  S:ate  Superintendents  were  adopt- 
ed by  them  and  afterwards  embodied  in  amendments 
to  the  school  system.  Some  amendments  were  drawn 
by  himself  and  are  still  part  of  that  law.  As  early  as 
1876,  from  the  over  crowded  condition  of  the  courts, 
especially  of  the  .Supreme  Court,  it  was  found  that 
legislation  was  imperatively  demanded  (o  increase  the 
judicial  force  of  the  State.  An  Apfxllate  Court  was 
provided  for  by  the  constitution,  to  be  composed  of 
judges  of  the  Circuit  Court.  Rut  there  were  no  juilgcs 
to  spare  for  that  service.  The  courts  were  in  perplex- 
ity and  lawyers  at  their  wit's  end.  In  view  of  this  slate 
of  affairs  .Mr.  McCulloch  addressed  a  communication 
to  the  Ijgiil  A'ewi  of  Chicago,  proposing  a  remedy 
which  seemed  to   him   feaiiljlc     This  Idler   was  pub- 


lished Oct.  14,  1876,  and  in  the  same  number  was  one 
from  Stephen  R.  Mr>ore,  of  Kankakee,  proposing  the 
formation  of  a  Stale  Bar  Association.  These  proposals 
took  hold  of  the  minds  of  the  lawyers  throughout  the 
State,  and  elicited  free  discussion  in  the  public  prints. 
A  State  Bar  Association  was  formed  in  Springfield  in 
Jan.  1877.  and  that  body  immediately  look  steps  for 
the  reformation  of  the  judicial  system,  the  legislature 
than  being  in  session.  A  committee  of  which  Judge 
Putetbaugh  and  Judge  Thornton  and  McCulloch  were 
members,  was  appointed  to  draft  the  necessary  bilU ; 
the  work  largely  devolving  upon  Puterbaugh  and  Mc- 
Culloch. The  result  was  that  their  bills  in  their  main 
features  became  laws;  thirteen  new  judgeships  were 
created,  and  the  Appellate  Courts  organized,  all  in 
accordance  with  the  plan  suggested  in  Mr.  McCulloch's 
letter  to  the  I-fgal  Xewt.  The  result  has  been  most 
satisfaclor)-.  The  first  election  under  ihis  act  took 
place  Aug.  6,  1877,  when  Judge  McCulloch  was  elected 
by  a  handsome  majority.  In  June,  1879,  he  was  re- 
elected by  a  still  larger  vole.  As  soon  as  the  result 
of  the  election  was  known  he  was.  by  the  .Supreme 
Court,  assigned  as  one  of  the  appellate  judges  of  the 
Third  Appellate  Court  District,  which  position  he  now 
occupies. 

At  the  last  annual  meeting  of  the  Stale  Bar  .\sso- 
sociation  he  was  chosen  its  president  for  this  year. 
Judge  McCulloch  possesses  one  ol  the  finest  legal 
minds  of  the  Slate,  and  discharges  the  functions  of  his 
office  with  signal  ability. 

Mct'LKLLKX    MAKY,  MK.S.    M.  D.   bo- 

tanical  physician,  office  801  Hamilton  street,  was  bom 
in  Coshocton  county,  Ohio,  in  1831.  Her  parents, 
James  and  Hannah  Litchfield,  removed  to  Fulton 
county.  111.,  when  she  was  five  years  old.  She  read 
medicine  with  Dr.  Bunker  and  Dr.  Fill,  of  that  county, 
from  l8$j  to  1858,  and  began  practice  during  the  latter 
year.  Remained  in  Fufton  county  till  i860;  thence  re- 
moved to  St.  Louis,  and  a  year  later  came  to  Peoria, 
where  she  has  practiced  since.  Mrs.  McC.  now  devotes 
her  attention  almost  exclusively  to  office  practice.  She 
married  John  McClellen,  a  Scotchman  by  birth,  in 
1851,  by  whom  she  had  three  daughters  and  a  son,  the 
former  all  now  married,  the  son  in  the  U.  S.  Navy. 
Mr.  McClellen  died  in  Feb.,  1865. 

M«-<'l'l,l,<)rH   I>.   P.O.Peoria. 

>i.('1'm;  .\.  IJ. 

McCl'HDY  tl.  C.  produce  commission  mer- 
chant, 3iq  Madl^on  street,  was  born  in  what  was  then 
Brooke  county,  now  Hancock  county.  Va.,  Dec.  33,  1S30, 
and  is  the  son  of  John  McCurdy.  a  native  of  Pennsyl- 
vania, and  Jane  Knox,  a  native  of  county  Tyrone,  Ire- 
l.ind.  He  was  raised  in  hit  native  county  till  sixteen 
years  of  age,  when  with  his  parents   and  the  rest  of  his 


PEORIA   CITY   DIRECTORY. 


fi73 


family,  he  came  to  Illinois,  settling  near  Vermont, 
Fulton  county.  There  they  went  to  farming,  and  he 
grew  up  to  manhood  on  the  home  farm.  In  1S45  he 
left  the  farm  and  entered  business  on  his  own  account 
as  a  butcher.  For  about  two  years  he  continued  it, 
and  after  spending  a  Winter  in  Beardstown,  moved  in 
the  next  Spring  to  Henry,  Marshall  county,  Til.,  where 
he  started  a  store  and  afterwards  engaged  in  the  pack- 
ing and  shipping  of  pork  for  about  eight  years.  While 
there  he  filled  the  offices  of  city  clerk  for  two  years  and 
that  of  alderman  for  one  year,  resigning  the  office  in 
1869,  when  he  ^oldout  his  business  and  came  to  Peo- 
ria, where  he  has  since  resided.  He  has  carried  on 
business  in  his  present  line  most  of  the  lime  since.  He 
married  Feb.  9.  1843,  in  McDonough  county,  111.,  Miss 
Eliza  Ann  Smith,  born  June  5,  1826,  near  Springfield, 
111.,  by  whom  he  has  had  six  children:  Susannah  P., 
Mary  L.,  Frances  L.,  Harriet  M.,  Clara  S.  and  Edgar 
A.  His  parents  both  died  of  typhoid  fever  in  McDo- 
nough county.  111.,  Sept.  10, 1842,  and  a  sister  also  died 
of  the  same  disease  in  that  month.  Mrs.  McCurdy  and 
her  family  are  members  of  the  M.  E.  Church.  He  owns 
his  residence  and  lot  on  Floral  avenue. 

McCnrdy  Susannali,  res.  216  Floral  avenue. 

MrDaiiiel  .lohn.  engineer,  res.  1600  N.  Jefferson  street. 

Mrr>erniot  Hridffet,  res.  207  .Sanford  street. 

MrDoiiald  .lerenitah.  prop.  Fayette  Mills.  160  N.  Fayette  street. 

McFloiiald  .lolin  J.  elerk.  601  Smith  street. 

MrDonald  .M.  procer,  601  Smith  street. 

McDonough  M.  cooper,  205  W.  JetTerson  street. 

McDOUGAL  JOHN,    capitalist,  res.   202   N. 

Monroe  street. 

McDougal  John,  res.  202  N.  Monroe  street. 
McEvoy  Thos.  res.  802  X.  .Monroe  street. 
McElnanev  T.  car  repairer  T.  P.  A  W. 
McEnany  J.  clerk,  res.  423  McBean  street. 
McEneaney  John,  engineer  T.  P.  &  W.  shop.s. 
McGivern  Patrick,  laborer.  313  S.  Washington  street. 

.  McGEE  PETER,  teamster  and  contractor, 
I20I  N.  Adams  street,  was  born  in  county  Louth,  Ire- 
land, June  20,  1820,  and  came  to  America  in  1849, 
landing  in  New  York  in  May  of  that  year.  For  the 
next  six  months  he  worked  as  an  hostler  there,  and  in 
November  came  to  Peoria  and  worked  as  hostler  for 
Mr.  Decker  for  two  years.  At  the  end  of  that  time  he 
had  saved  up  enough  money  to  buy  a  team  and  wagon, 
when  he  commenced  teaming  and  contracting  on  his 
own  account,  and  continued  it  up  to  1878.  He  married 
in  1849,  ^I'ss  Jane  McCarty,  who  was  born  in  his  own 
county  in  1829,  by  whom  he  has  had  three  children  : 
John,  Michael  and  Mary  Jane.  Mr.  McGee  landed  in 
Peoria  with  nothing  but  his  two  hands  to  help  him  to  a 
living,  yet  by  economy  and  hard  work  he  has  been  able 
to  provide  a  comfortable  home  for  his  old  age.  He  and 
his  wife  and  family  are  members  of  the  Catholic 
Church. 

McGowen  T.  laborer,  res.  408  Smith  street. 

McGovern  Pat.  810  Tliird  street. 

McGrath  Robt.  cooper,  res.  120  Eliza  street. 

McGrath  Win.  plasterer.  121  S.  Jefferson  street. 

McGuIrk  B.  res.  High  street. 

Mcllvane  Geo.  H.  cashier  2a  Nat.  Bank,  res.  Ill  N.  Madison  st. 


McKENZIE  CALVIN,  res.  315  N.  Adams 
street,  printer,  son  of  David  and  Nancy  McKenzie. 
They  were  natives  of  Missouri.  The  subject  of  this 
.sketch  was  born  in  New  Madrid,  Mo.,  Oct.  27,  1827, 
and  came  to  Le  Clair  county  in  1832  or  '33,  where  he 
received  a  common  school  education  and  learned  his 
triide.  In  1847  enlisted  in  2d  111.  Regt.  Vol.  Co.  A,  Col. 
W.  H.  Russell,  and  was  mustered  into  service  at  Alton, 
III. ;  thence  by  water  to  Labaca,  Texas ;  from  there 
marched  to  the  Rio  Grande  under  Gen.  Wool ;  was  in 
the  battle  of  Buena  Vista.  After  the  close  of  the  war 
came  back  to  Fulton  county.  111.  Married  Miss  Rohisa 
Osborn  in  1851.  She  was  born  in  Fulton  county.  111. 
Two  girls,  Grace  and  Ruth. 

McKENZIE  HENRY,  carpenter  and  builder, 
res.  510  Second  street,  was  born  in  Carlisle,  England, 
April  6,  1819,  and  came  to  America  and  Peoria  in 
September,  1848.  He  had  learned  his  tiade  in  Eng- 
land, and  began  working  at  it  immediately  upon  his 
arrival  ;  has  continued  it  ever  since.  He  married  in 
England,  Miss  Eliza  Richardson  Armstrong,  who  was 
bom  in  Scotland  in  1821,  by  whom  he  has  had  four 
children,  James  C,  Katie,  William  A.  and  Annie 
Graeme.  Mr.  McKenzie  is  now  in  easy  circumstances, 
and  proposes  to  take  a  rest  after  his  many  years  of  hard 
work  and  anxiety.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Episcopal 
Church. 
McKEE  JAMES  P.  grocer,  Fulton  street. 

McKenny  D.  grain  and  commission,  Cliamber  of  Commerce. 
McKenney  John,  res.  Knoxville  road. 

McLEAN    WILLIAM,    distiller,  res,  1409  S. 

Adams  street,  son  of  Wm.  and  Mary  McLean,  natives 

of  England.     The  subject  of  this  sketch   was  born  in 

Liverpool,  Eng.,  May  17, 1842  ;  came  to  Peoria  in  1854  ; 

learned  the  brick-making  trade,  which  he   followed  for 

eight  years  ;  since  that   time  has   been  in  the  distilling 

business.     In  May,  1861,  enlisted  in  the  2d  111.  Inf.,  Co. 

C  ;  was  in    the  siege  of   Ft.   Donaldson,  where  he  was 

wounded  in  both  legs ;  head  and  arms  being  struck  six 

or  seven  times  in  one  engagement  ;  was  discharged  on 

account    of  his  wounds.     Married  Miss   M.  A.  Ingram 

in  1863.     She  was  born  in  Virginia  in  1845.     The  fruit 

of  this  marriage  is  four  children,  James,  Mary,  William 

and  Charles.      Has   held    the   office  of    City   Counsel 

four  terms  ;  is   lieutenant    of  the   National   Blues,  7th 

Regt.,  Co.  A. 

McManus  Owen,  conimis.slon.  110  Fulton  street. 

McManus  Patli.  feeder  stk.  yds.  res.  1805  S.  Washington  street. 

Mc.Master  X.  M.  res  S.  Water  street, 

McMasters  John,  whisky  drawer,  res.  100  Sorat  street. 

McM ASTER  JAMES,  cooper,  res.  315  Mc 
Bean  street,  was  born  in  LaSalle  county,  January  16, 
1846,  and  is  the  son  of  Archibald  and  Elizabeth  Mc- 
Master.  He  came  to  Peoria  county  with  his  parent.s 
when  two  years  old,  and  sixteen  years  later  began  to 
learn  his  trade.  He  enlisted  January  20,  1S65,  in  the 
io8th  111.  Inf.,  and  after  serving  six  months  was  trans- 


674 


ni.STOKY   OF   PEOHIA    COUNTY. 


ferred  lo  the  47lh  III.  Inf..  where  he  remained  about 
the  same  length  of  lime,  and  was  di.^charged  March, 
1866.  He  married,  .September  15.  1873,  Lillie  E.  Sin- 
clair, who  was  bom  August  26,  1852,  by  whom  he  has 
two  children — Archie  T.,  born  August  21,  1874,  and 
Elizabeth  S.,  born  July  28,  1878.  His  mother  died  in 
1861.  Mr.  McMaster  is  at  present  engaged  with  Bush 
&  Brown  as  dry  gauger.  His  wife  is  a  member  of  the 
Reformed  Episcopal  Church. 

Mr\am:im  .tohn  W.  commtKAlon  trav^'lrr.  res.  405  S.  Frlnk  81. 

.Mrgulllan  Pal,  wiper  T.  1".  A  W.  ri's.  1386  .S.  W.-uslilnglon  st. 

MrWhlrler  K   ('.  capt.ilri  iiluht  p<illce.  <lly  Mall. 

Meals  HaniiiaDlt.  supt.  Plow  works,  res.  919  S.  AUftms  street, 

Mear  (ifo.  rarpenlcr  T.  H.  A  \V. 

MelUroih  M.  lio'toman  1  Holly),  res.  107  W.  JertersoD street. 

Meier  C.  Kroeer.  817  \V.  .leiTerson  street. 

Meiers  lA'Vl.  res.  814  Hamilton  sIreeL 

MEIDROTH  WM.  F.  hoseman  fire  depart- 
ment,  res.  217  Fayette  street,  was  born  in  Peoria  Sep- 
tember g,  1856,  and  is  the  son  of  Wm.  K.  and  Caroline 
Meidroth.  His  father  died  April  13,  1873;  mother 
still  living  now  in  Peoria.  Mr.  M.  learned  the  printer's 
trade  in  Peoria  and  worked  at  it  for  five  years,  until 
his  health  failed  under  the  close  confinement  and  night 
work.  He  then  entered  the  fire  department,  which  po- 
sition he  has  held  for  over  two  years.  He  was  married 
January  15,  1878,  to  Josephine  Moutier,  who  was  born 
February  23,  i860.  They  have  one  child  —  Arthur  J. 
Mrs.  M.  is  a  member  of  the  Catholic  Church.  He  is 
democratic  in  politics. 

MEINTS  M.  F.  carpenter  and  builder,  408 
Second  street,  was  born  January  10,  1S27,  in  the  king- 
dom of  Hanover,  (lermany,  and  is  the  son  of  Frederick 
and  Ida  Meints,  natives  of  that  country.  He  was 
raised  and  educated  there  and  had  commenced  lo  learn 
his  trade  when,  with  his  parents,  he  came  to  America 
in  1847,  landing  at  New  Orleans  in  May  of  that  year. 
They  came  straight  up  the  river  to  Peoria,  and  he  started 
to  complete  the  acquirements  of  his  trade,  and  worked 
at  it  afterwards  as  journeyman  until  1S55,  when  he  be- 
gan on  his  own  account,  and  has  since  then  contracted 
for  and  built  many  fine  buildings.  He  married  in  Feb- 
ruary, 1852,  Afka  .Stevend,  a  native  of  Hano%'er,  who 
came  to  America  in  1849,  and  has  borne  him  six  chil- 
dren, five  now  living —  Ida,  Mary,  Frederick,  Henry 
and  Herman.  He  owns  his  residence  and  workshop 
with  the  lots  on  which  they  stand,  .ind  is,  with  his  wife, 
a  member  of  the  Presliyterian  Church, 
Meiiiieiiliall  .1.  II.  rarpenier.  rrjt.  107  Smith  street. 

Merkle.lollli.  Iliarlile.  .1114  llrhlKe  mreel. 
Merrllnati  I-  W.  res.  riur,  .*4|iiltli  i*treel. 
MesRernniKli  V.  Iirlrklliver.  res.  30;)  Wnltlllt  street. 
.Mensersinlili  I'll.  res.  161H.S.  WanlihiKloii  street. 

MiOKWIN  l>AMi:UI.S  MrH.  (widow  uf  p. 
G.  Merwin),  res.  207  Illinois  avenue.  Paul  C  Merwin 
was  born  in  the  State  of  New  York,  November  9,  1804, 
And  wa\  the  son  of  Uaniel  and  Marth.i  Merwin, who  came 
to  Peoria  in  March,  1848,  an<l  both  ilied  within  the 
same  year.  He  married  in  New  Voik,  Dameris  Way, 
in  December,  1833,  who  was  bom  in    the   same  State, 


January  19.  1801.  They  had  a  family  of  ninechildren, 
two  of  whom  died  before  coming  to  Illinois  —  Philetus 
H.,  Eliza  M.,  Arvilla  I..  Amanda  M..  Harlow  N.,  Mal- 
vina  M.,  Charles  D.,  Philander  G.  and  Davilla  \V.  Mr. 
Merwin  died  March  23,  1870.  Daring  his  life  he  fol- 
lowed the  business  of  blacksmith, 

MESSEK  W.  D.  of  the  firm  of  W.  D.  Messer 
&  Co.,  wholesale  and  retail  dealers  in  flour  and  feed, 
125  S.  Jefferson  street,  was  bora  in  Quincy.  Adams 
county.  111.,  on  the  25th  day  of  Sept.,  1859,  and  received 
what  education  the  city  schools  afforded  at  that  time. 
Engaged  in  business  in  Peoria  in  1 878,  and  by  close  at- 
tention to  business  and  fair  dealing,  is  fast  working  up 
a  good  trade.  Also  handles  Hayden's  patent  fire  kind- 
ler.     Carries  a  stock  of  $2,500  to  $3,000. 

3IEYEK  -VUGUST,  saloon,  208  Itridge  street, 
was  born  in  Baden,  Germany.  October  4,  1852,  and  is 
the  son  of  Benjamin  Meyer  and  Josephine  Sattra,  na- 
tives of  Baden.  He  came  to  .\merica  in  1874,  landing 
at  New  York  October  24  of  that  year.  Resided  for 
two  months  in  Williamsburgh.  N.  Y.,  and  came  to 
Peoria  in  1675,  where  he  married.  May  I,  1877,  Miss 
Rosalie  Plank,  who  was  born  in  Germany,  Aug.  29, 
1847,  and  came  to  America  with  her  parents  in  1852. 
She  had  two  children  by  a  previous  marriage,  and  has 
borne  him  two  more:  Josephine  and  Rosie.  Immedi- 
ately after  marriage  he  started  a  saloon  one  door  below 
his  present  location,  and  has  since  remained  in  the 
business. 

Meyer  r'.  U  eooper,  1303  .S.  Washlnclon  street, 
.Meyer  K.  hardware.  1215  S.  Adams  slreeu 

MEYEIl  .JOHN,  gardener,  900  ICnoxville  road, 
was  born  in  Swit/erl.ind,  Sept.  8,  1843.  Son  of  John 
and  Fanny  (Gloce)  Meyer,  both  deceased.  Emigrated  to 
America  in  the  Fall  of  1S64.  and  settled  in  Washing- 
ton, Tazewell  county,  and  from  there  moved  and  lo- 
cated in  Peoria  county,  where  he  was  married  to  Catha-« 
rine  Preisentang,  Feb.  8,  1872.  She  was  born  in 
Germany  in  1S42.  and  came  to  Peoria  county  in  the 
Spring  of  1865.  They  have  four  children  :  Mary,  Jo- 
seph.  Martha  and  John.  Thev  own  one  acre  of  land 
on  the  Knoxvillc  road,  where  he  raises  all  sorts  of  fruits 
and  vegetables,  strawberries,  etc. 

Meyer  J.  tirewery.  123  l>oUKla«  street. 

Me>ers  M.  poUreniftii.  res.  IHOfi  N.  Madlsrtii  sireel. 

MeyiTS  11.  It.  hUek'lulth.  res.  M»  w.  ,lelTerson  street. 

Meyers  l>.  res.   105  (ieortie  street. 

Meyers  Jolili.  elerk.  108."*.  Adams  street. 

MEYEIl  PAl'L,  beer  bottler,  no  .S.  Adams 
street,  was  born  in  Germany,  Dec.  lo,  1849.  Son  of 
Charles  and  Wilhelmine  Meyer,  who  still  reside  in 
Ciermany.  He  emigrated  to  America  in  1867  and  lo- 
cated in  Peoria.  Was  shipping  clerk  and  traveling 
agent  for  one  of  the  Peoria  tobacco  houses.  Married, 
i)ec.  10,  1871,  to  Miigaret  Schwers.  She  was  bom  in 
Peoria,  Nov.  9,  1855.  They  have  had  three  children  : 
Carl  (deceased),  Paul  and  Gertrude.      Commenced  his 


PEOUIA  CITY   DIUEUTORY. 


675 


present  occupation,  in  partnership  with  Conrad,  in 
Aug.,  1879. 

MIIjI'jS  B.  F.  grain  commissioner  merchant, 
Chamber  of  Commerce  building. 

MILLEK  JOSEPH  (deceased),  contractor 
and  builder,  530  S.  Washington  street,  was  born  in 
Baden,  Germany,  on  the  25th  day  of  March,  1822,  and 
emigrated  to  this  country  in  1847,  and  stopped  in  Cin- 
cinnati, Ohio,  for  a  short  time,  and  the  following  year 
came  to  Peoria  and  worked  by  the  day  and  month  the 
first  year,  and  then  entered  into  partnership  as  the  firm 
of  Senior  &  Miller,  and  continued  two  years.  In  1853, 
came  to  the  corner  of  Washington  and  Walnut  streets, 
commenced  on  his  own  hook,  and  continued  until  his 
death,  which  occurred  April  8,  1877.  In  1876  the  firm 
was  changed  to  Joseph  Miller  &  Sons.  For  his  first 
wife,  married  Miss  Thressia  Eisinger.  She  was  born 
in  Germany.  She  died,  leaving  two  children.  For  his 
second  wife,  married  MissSaloma  Kuhn.  By  this  mar- 
riage there  were  three  children  living  at  his  death. 

3IILLS  THOMAS,  photographer,  317  Main 
street,  has  been  engaged  in  his  present  business  in  Peo- 
ria since  1864,  and  is  the  oldest  established  photogra- 
pher in  the  city.  Since  then  he  has  witnessed  the  intro- 
duction of  many  improvements  and  new  processes  in 
the  art,  and  has  been  successful  in  keeping  abreast  of 
them  all.  His  first  location  was  on  the  corner  of  Main 
and  Adams  streets,  and  his  gallery  then  was  a  great 
contrast  to  his  present  handsome,  well  lighted  and 
appointed  studio.  He  occupies  the  whole  of  the  second 
floor  at  above  number,  100x21;^  feet  in  dimensions,  and 
is  prepared  to  turn  out  work  which  will  compare  favor- 
ably with  any. 

Millard  James,  distiller,  res.  160.^  S.  .\danis  street. 

MILLER  FRANIi,  blacksmith,  712  S.  Wash- 
ington street. 

Millard  R.,  165  Garden  street. 

Miller  Alex.,  blacksmith.  T.,  P.  *  W. 

Miller  A.  F..  bricklayer,  res.  204  North  street. 

Miller  Carl  J.,  carpeuter,  530  S.  WashliiKton  street. 

Miller  Fred.  W.,  gunsmith,  223  lirklge  street. 

Miller  F.  A.,  painter,  T..  I'.  &  W. 

Miller  G..  carpent.-r.  831  N.  Washington  street. 

Miller  H.  C.  Iiricklaver,  res.  Machln  street. 

Miller  John  V..  res.  407  Johnson  street. 

MlUnr  J.  P.,  105  Brotherson  street. 

Miller  Jos.,  res.  600  .S.  Washington  .street. 

Miller  Jos.  L.,  sawyer.  1342  .S.  Washington  street. 

Miller  Mary  A..  209  Peoria  avenne. 

Miller  T.  J.,  broker.  213  Main  street. 

Mllllson  W.,  res.  813  Plank  roarl. 

Minler  V.  P.  tireuian,  foot  Harrison  .street. 

Minor  L.  K.,  U.  S.  Ganger,  res.  .'!02  HurlDut  street. 

3HXOR  Will.  H.  (of  Minor,  Green  &  Co.), 
grain  and  commission  merchants.  Commercial  Block, 
S.  Washington  street. 

Mitchell  A.,  res.  269  Bluff  street. 

MITCHELL  A.  G.  candy  manufacturer  and 
news  dealer,  cor.  Main  and  Monroe  streets,  was  born 
in  Wyoming  Co.,  N.  Y.,  October  8,  1852,  and  is  the  son 
of  G.  Mitchell,  a  native  of  Connecticut,  and  Mary  Ann 


Otis,  a  native  of  New  York.  Resided  till  seventeen 
years  of  age  in  his  native  county,  where  he  attended 
the  common  schools,  and  where  he  had  the  great  mis- 
fortune ti  lose  his  right  arm  above  the  elbow  from 
injuries  sustained  in  a  thrashing  machine.  He  moved 
with  his  parents  to  Benton  Co.,  Ind.,  and  while  there  he 
attended  two  Winters  at  Oxford  College,  Oxford,  Ind. 
Came  with  his  parents  to  Peoria  in  the  Fall  of  l869,and 
learned  the  art  of  telegraphy,  .-it  which  for  some  time 
he  worked,  and  then  gave  it  up  to  engage  in  the  candy 
business  in  partnership  with  his  father.  Shortly  after- 
wards he  purchased  his  father's  interest,  and  in  the  Fall 
of  1 87 1  removed  from  Adams  street  to  his  present 
location  and  began  to  manufacture  his  wares,  and  deal 
also  in  newspapers,  etc.  Manufactures  exclusively  for 
the  local  trade,  and  does  quite  a  large  business.  He 
married  in  Peoria,  Nov.  15,  1876,  Miss  Melissa  S.  Slane 
a  native  of  the  county,  and  who  was  born  within  two 
days  from  the  date  of  his  own  birth,  by  whom  he  has 
two  children,  Lottie  Viola  and  Otis  Amos.  His  parents 
are  both  alive  and  reside  in  the  city. 
Mitchell  R.  book-binder.  227  Fulton  street. 

MITTNER  JOHN,  boot  and  shoe  maker,  537 
S.  Adams  street,  was  born  in  Rathrien,  Canton  of  Gra- 
bunden,  Switzerland,  January  10,  1839,  ^"^  '^  '''^  ^°" 
Christian  and  Kate  (Oberst)  Mittner,  both  of  whom 
were  natives  of  that  republic.  He  learned  his  trade  and 
married  there  June  26th,  i860,  Barbara  Zimmerman,  a 
native  of  his  own  canton.  He  came  alone  to  America 
in  1S67,  landing  at  Boston  in  January  of  that  year  and 
proceeded  to  Chicago  where  he  stayed  about  three 
years,  working  at  his  trade.  While  there  his  family 
rejoined  him,  and  on  their  arrival  he  came  with  them 
to  Peoria,  where  he  has  since  resided.  In  August  1874 
he  started  for  himself  and  has  since  continued  so.  The 
fruits  of  his  marriage  were  five  children,  four  of  them 
now  living,  Mary,  Wilhelmina,  Jacob  and  Victoria.  Is 
with  his  wife  an  adherent  of  Grace  Mission  Church. 

MISH  ELIZABETH  3Ir.s.  widow  of  Jacob 
Mish  (deceased),  res.  420  Hamilton  street,  was  born 
near  Chambersburg,  Pa.,  in  1806.  Her  parents  were 
James  and  Jennie  Gillan  nee  Rush.  Her  mother  died 
when  Mrs.  Mish  was  two  years  of  age,  leaving  five 
children.  Mr.  Gillan  married  again  and  had  a  family 
ot  seven  children  by  his  last  wife.  She  married  Jacob 
Mish  in  1829,  previous  to  which  he  had  been  a  farmer, 
but  after  their  marriage  engaged  in  the  tanning  busi- 
ness. He  died  in  1834,  leaving  three  children,  Mary 
now  Mrs.  Ayers,  of  Hinsdale,  111.;  Elizabeth,  who 
never  married  and  resides  with  her  mother,  and  Jacob 
J.,  of  Grand  Junction,  Iowa.  Mrs.  Mish  remained 
single  and  came  West  with  her  family  and  settled  in 
Peoria  in  1855,  which  has  since  been  her  home.  She 
and  her  family  are  members  of  the  Presbyterian  Church. 
They  own  some  tracts  of  land  in  Iowa. 


676 


HISTORY   OF   PEORIA   COVNTY. 


MOENNKiHOFF  JOSEPH,  dealer  in 
flour  ami  feed,  1226  S.  Adam^  street,  wxsborn  in  Peoria 
January  7,  1855.  and  is  the  son  of  Fred  and  Amelia 
(KellenilrassI  Moennighoff.  His  father  was  a  native 
of  Westphalia,  and  his  mother  of  Rhenish.  Prussia. 
His  father  came  to  America  in  1848,  and  to  Peoria  in 
the  Fall  of  the  next  year,  and  when  eight  years  old 
Joseph  was  sent  to  Germany,  and  resided  there  until 
1S74.  going  to  school,  ami  learning  the  trade  of  sugar- 
baker.  On  his  return  to  the  land  of  his  birth  he  went 
to  St  Louis,  and  worked  in  a  bakery  for  one  year,  and 
then  returned  to  Peoria  where  he  tended  bar  for  his 
father  for  about  a  year,  and  then  took  a  tour  through 
the  Eastern  States  at  the  time  of  the  Centennial  Ex- 
position. On  his  return  he  worked  again  for  his  father 
and  in  April  1878,  started  in  his  present  business  at 
present  location.  He  is  a  member  of  St.  Joseph's  Catho- 
lic Church,  and  is  secretary  of  the  benefit  society  con- 
nected with  it. 

MOFFATT  AQUILA  (deceased).    The  sub- 
ject  of  this  sketch  was  a  son  of  Jo.<eph  and  Mary  Mof- 
fatt,  nee  Piper,  and   was  bom    in    the   State   of  Maine, 
March  19.  1802.     His  father  subsequently  removed  to 
Boston,  and  afterward  to  Cincinnati,  Ohio.     The  moth- 
er died   about    i8ig,   leaving   seven   children.    Alvah, 
Aquila,  Mary,  Olive.  Benjamin  F..  Eliza  and  Elisha.  In 
the   early  part  of  the   Summer  of  1822    the   family  left 
Hamilton  county,  Ohio,  and  arrived  at  Fort  Clark,  111., 
on  the  20th  of  June.     .\t    that  time    there  was   but  a 
small  community  of  white    people.     When  the  Moffatt 
family  landed  here  at   the  time  mentioned,  there  were 
only  four  cabins  on   the  ground   now   covered   by   the 
busy  commercial  and  manufacturing  city  of  40,000  peo- 
ple.    The  prairie  upon   which  the    city  is  built   was  a 
waving  sea  of  grass.     To  quote  the  words  of  Mr.  Mof- 
fatt. "  When  I    stepped  from  the  boat  and  looked  out 
over  the  prairie  and  to    the  bluffs   and  trees  beyond.  I 
thought  it  was  the  grandest  scene  of  beauty  my  eyes  ever 
beheld.     .\nd  I  never   expect   to  look   upon  a  grander 
range  of  beauty  until  my  spiritual  eyes  are  opened  in  the 
Eden  of  eternity  beyond  the  end  of  mortality."     Soon 
after  their  arrival  here    Mr.   Moffatt    selected    the   site 
of  his  late  home,  where,  for  nearly  (ifty-eight  years,  he 
lived  an  honest,  useful,  unobtrusive  life.  At  that  time  In- 
dians outnumbered  the   whites  more  than   fifty  to  one, 
and  he  saw  them  fade  away  before  the  march  of  civiliza- 
tion like  flowers  before  the  fro.stsof  Autumn.     Markets 
and  mills  and  all  the  other  conveniences  of  civilization, 
were    far    distant.       Steamboats     had     scarcely    com- 
menced  to   navigate    the    waters  of  the   Illinois  river; 
railroads  and  even  wagon  roads  were  unknown  ;  every- 
thing in  Central  and    Northern   Illinois  was  just    as  it 
had  been  unfolded  by  the  hand  of  nature.    In  the  midst 
of  such    surroundings    Aquila    Moffatt    commenced  to 
make  hit  own  fortune,  and   how  well  he  succeeded    is 


best  attested  by  the  broad  acres  and  comfortable  home 
from  which  he  passed  away  on  Saturday  afternoon,  Jan- 
uary  10,  iSSo.  at  the  age  of  77  years.  9  months  and  21 
days.  The  deceased  was  twice  married.  His  first  wife, 
to  whom  he  was  united  March 9,  1832,  by  Aquila  Wren, 
an  early  justice  of  the  peace  of  Peoria  county,  was  Ma- 
tilda, daughter  of  James  Jones,  of  Kickapoo  township. 
This  wife  died,  and,  December  4,  1834,  he  remarried  with 
Mrs.  Mary  Bogardus,  nee  Fowler,  nee  Derby,  who  was 
born  in  Connecticut  and  who  died  July  27,  1873,  at  the 
age  of  68  years,  6  months  and  23  days.  Both  marri- 
ages were  without  issue,  am!  he  bequeathed  his  prop- 
erty, amounting  in  value  to  about  $15,000,  to  Mrs. 
Mina  Crowell,  a  daughter  of  his  second  wile  by  her  first 
husband,  Derby,  and  William  H.  Crowell,  a  son  of  Mrs. 
Crowell,  whose  home  had  been  with  him  for  a  number 
of  years,  and  who  cared  for  him  in  the  last  years  of  his 
life,  which  had  been  oppressed  with  disease  and  infirm- 
ities. In  all  the  relations  of  life  Aquila  Mofl^att  was  a 
good  citizen. 

Motrslt  Jennie,  Mrs.  mllllnerj-.  1159  S.  Adams  itreeL 
Molir  J.  liUcksmltli,  844  S.  Waslilngton  street. 

MOXAGHAX     p.    K.  grocer    and    provision 
dealer.  N.  Adams  street. 
Moon  J.  F.  potter,  iHKtery  and  res.  iei6  N.  Madison  sUMl, 

MOOXEY  THOMAS,  police  magistrate.  City 
Hall,  is  the  third  of  six  children  of  Thomas  Mooney 
and  Helena  Stagg.  who  were  married  in  New  York 
City,  where  he  was  born,  in  1S20.  His  father  emi- 
grated from  Ireland  when  but  a  lad,  and  resided  in  the 
metropolis  until  1835,  when  he  brought  his  family  to 
Medina  township,  Peoria  county.  His  wife  was  a 
native  of  New  Jersey,  from  which  State  both  her  father 
and  grandfather  were  soldiers  in  the  war  of  the  Revo, 
lution.  Thomas,  Jr.,  worked  on  his  father's  farm  until 
twenty-five  years  of  age,  when  he  married  Frances  C. 
Neal,  of  Medina.  l>orn  in  Dover,  N.  H.  He  continueii 
farming  till  the  Fall  of  1864,  when,  being  elected  clerk 
of  the  Circuit  Court,  he  came  to  Peoria.  After  dis- 
charging the  duties  of  that  olTice  four  years,  in  the 
Spring  of  lS70he  removed  to  Southwestern  Missouri, 
then  a  wilderness,  opened  up  a  farm  and  remained 
there  five  years.  Then  returning  to  Peoria,  he  wa» 
elected  Justice  of  the  Peace,  which  ofiice  he  filled  till 
the  Fall  of  1 879,  when  he  resigned  to  take  that  of 
Police  Magistrate.  After  having  borne  five  children. 
Frances,  his  first  wife  died,  and  in  185(1  •"  married 
Rosana  C  Brady,  a  native  of  Brimficld,  Peoria  county, 
by  whom  he  has  three  children.  His  fi\-c  living  chil- 
dren are  Thomas  and  Angclclta  by  first  marriage,  and 
John  n.,  Ella  F.,and  Rose  M. 

Mooner  i.  II-  re».  H0«  Tlilnl  mreol. 

M<H>rr.l.  C.  f*  SI*  N'  Moiir.^  street. 

Moorr  .Inliii.  rei- S    Klni«lii'el. 

y.M.rp  M.irln.  reft   MS  N.    VtlAm*  ttrnel. 

MiMire  Smniiel  It  rarner  Tr»hi.rrlpt,  n-n.  WS  ».  llou«l»ii»  street. 

Moore  T.  W.  Trmascrlpt  disuibuter,  re«.  llluH  street  nr.  Adsnis. 


ir- 


-% 


Aquilla  Moffatt. 

CDCCEIASCDj 

P  EO  R  1    A . 


PEORIA  CITY  DIRECTORY. 


677 


Moore  MARIA  a.  ««  De  Long,  rellc  of  the 
late  William  Moore  (deceased),  "-es.  51S  S.  Adams 
street,  was  born  in  Ross  county,  O..  October  25,  1832. 
In  1853  Miss  De  Long  married  William  Moore,  who 
was  born  in  Nashua,  N.  H.,  in  1822.  Came  to  Fulton 
county,  111.,  when  cjuite  young  and  engaged  in  mer- 
chandising a  number  of  years,  thence  came  to  Peoria 
and  entered  into  the  foundry  and  real  estate  business. 
Mr.  Moore  was  a  man  possessed  of  fine  business  quali- 
fications, and  made  a  success  of  whatever  he  undertook. 
He  died  January  13.  1859.  leaving  the  widow  and  two 
living  children,  Kale,  Mrs.  John  W.  Day,  of  Peoria, 
and  Fannie  F.,  Mrs.  Herbert  F.  Day.  Willie,  Frank 
and  May  are  deceased. 

Moran  T.  laborer,  res.  308  S.  OranKe  street. 

Morek  Martin,  tin  sliup,  529  S.  Adams. 

Morgan  J.  teamster.  Srherber  House. 

Morgan  L.  Jlrs.  res.  409  Doris  street. 

Morliirty  M.  flruman.  C.  R.  I.  &  P..  res.  1111  Perry  street. 

Morrison  J.  B.  B..  res.  108  N.  Monroe  street. 

Morse  J.  M.  attorney.  .319  Main  street. 

Moscheli  C.  C.  tinner,  115  S.  Waslilngton  street, 

Mostier  G.  E.  iron  maclilnlst,  600  .S.  Water  street. 

MULCAHY  JOHN,  grocer,  835  S.  Washing- 
ton street,  son  of  Charles  and  Margaret  (Higgerty) 
Mulcahy,  natives  of  Ireland,  emigrated  to  America  in 
1849,  and  located  in  Peoria  in  1850.  Father  died  in 
1863  ;  mother  still  living.  The  subject  of  this  sketch 
was  born  in  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  nine  days  after  his  parents 
arrived  in  this  country,  May,  1850.  Has  held  several  local 
offices  of  trust  in  the  city  ;  was  elected  in  1873  as  col- 
lector, and  also  has  held  the  office  of  oil  inspector  for 
the  last  three  years.  By  close  attention  to  business 
and  fair  dealing  has  built  up  a  lucrative  trade  ;  carries 
a  stock  of  $1,500  to  $l,Soo. 
Muiboland  A.  J.  res.  710  Perry  street. 

MULICK  CHARLES  R.  grocer,  801,  803 
Main  street,  was  born  in  Canada  near  Niagara  Falls, 
May  25,  1851,  and  is  the  son  of  Edward  Mulick  and 
Margaret  McDermott,  both  natives  of  the  I'ominion. 
When  very  young  he  moved  with  them  to  the  States, 
settling  in  Jefferson  county.  Wis.,  where  he  was  raised 
and  received  his  education.  In  April,  1872,  he  came 
to  Peoria  and,  after  clerking  for  some  two  years,  started 
in  his  present  business  on  Main  street,  on  the  Bluff, 
coming  to  his  present  location  in  1879.  He  carries  a 
full  stock  of  groceries,  valued  at  about  $2,500,  and  does 
a  large  and  increasing  trade  both  with  city  and  country 
customers.  His  parents  are  still  alive  and  reside  at 
Watertown,  Wis. 

MULICK  J.  G.  cattle  dealer,  res.  600  Knox- 
ville  road. 

Mulligan  Dennis,  teamster,  703  Smith  street. 
Mulligan  L.  city  express,  res.  706  Perry  street. 

MUELLEK  JACOB,  grocer  and  brewer,  212 
Bridge  street,  was  born  in  Bavaria,  January  26,  1835, 
and  is  the  son  of  Phillip  and  Julia  (Stein)  MilUer, 
natives   of   Bavaria.     He   came   to    America   in    1857, 


landing  at  New  York  June  15th  of  that  year  ;  resided 
two  years  in  Greenfield,  Mass.,  and  two  years  in  Sher- 
burn  Falls  in  same  State,  learning  the  cutlery  business  ; 
came  west  in  1855,  and  after  passing  one  year  in  Bloom- 
ington,  111.,  came  to  Peoria  in  April,  1856.  He  there 
clerked  in  a  grocery  store  for  four  years,  then  started 
for  himself,  and  thirteen  years  ago  came  to  his  present 
location  on  Bridge  street.  About  two  years  ago  he 
began  brewing  lager  beer  at  the  City  Brewery  on  N. 
Water  street,  and  carries  on  a  good  local  trade  in  that 
article.  He  married  in  Peoria,  .\ugust  30,  1869,  Miss 
Pauline  Koenig,  who  was  born  in  Bavaria  September 
23,  1839,  by  whom  he  has  had  seven  children,  five  now 
alive:  Theodore  J.,  born  July  17,  i860;  Julia,  born 
April  7,  1862;  Amelia,  born  January  2g,  1864;  Ru- 
dolph, born  October  26,  1865,  and  Jacob,  born  August 
14,  1877.  Mr.  Milller  is  now,  and  has  been  for  some 
years,  treasurer  of  Peoria  Turnverein  ;  is  director  of 
German  Banking  Company,  and  stockholder  in  Me- 
chanics' National  Bank,  and  Chamber  of  Commerce 
Association.  He  carries  a  stock  of  about  $3,000  in  his 
store  and  does  a  large  grocery  business.  He  owns  the 
two-story  brick  building  at  above  number,  where  he 
resides,  with  the  lot  on  which  it  stands,  and  is  also  a 
part  owner  of  Brewery  property. 

Murden  Franlc,  res.  707  N.  Madison  street. 
Murcten  James  F.  policeman,  307  Fayette  street. 
Murpliy  .lames,  carpenter,  res.  539  McBean  street. 

MURPHY  DR.  JOHN,  M.D.,  res.  and  office. 

N.  Madison  street. 

Murphy  James  R.  grocer,  717  Merrlmon  street. 

Murphy  J.  W.  car  builder  R.  I.  &  K  res.  305  Morton  street. 

Murphy  M.  grocer,  t)23  First  street. 

Murphy  Thos.  laborer,  res.  539  Mcllean  street. 

Murray  John,  carpenter.  908  Second  street. 

MURRAY  JOHN  T.  flour  dealer,  416  Main  st. 

Murray  J.  A.  J.  res.  618  Tliird  street. 
Murray  J.  J.  moulder,  600  S.  Water  street. 

MURRY  S.  A.  (Osgood  &  Murry),  manufac- 
turers and  shippers  of  walnut  lumber,  1 142  S.  Wash- 
ington street,  was  born  in  McConnelsville,  O.,  in  1849. 
His  parents  were  Samuel  Murry  and  Jane  HoUoway, 
who  married  in  that  State.  S.  A.  learned  and  pursued 
the  cooper's  trade  five  years,  went  to  Indianapolis,  Ind., 
in  1871,  where  he  remained  six  years,  and  engaged  in 
the  lumber  business.  In  order  to  acquaint  himself  fully 
with  the  details  of  the  business,  Mr.  M.  went  to  Phila- 
delphia, Pa.,  in  April,  1875,  and  spent  six  months. 
Three  years  ago  he  came  to  Peoria,  and  at  once  began 
manufacturing  and  shipping  walnut  lumber,  under  the 
present  firm  name.  They  purchase  the  timber,  convert 
it  into  lumber,  and  ship  it  to  Eastern  cities,  handling 
frotu  a  million  to  a  million  and  a  half  feet  per  year. 
On  May  20,  1879,  ^I^'  M.  married  Florence  M.  Over- 
all, a  native  of  Lewistown,  111.  His  parents  are  still 
living  in  McConnelsville,  Ohio. 

Nageie  A.  grocer,  323  Smitii  street. 
\aglu  Jno.  A.  res.  611  Smitii  street. 


678 


HISTORY  OF  PEORIA  COUNTY. 


XA>SOX   XATHAXIEL  C.  printer  and  pub- 
lisher. 400  S.  Adams  street,  was  born  .\pril  4.  1S27.  at 
Gorham,  Me.,  the  seventh  in  a  family  of  eight  children, 
and  the  youngest  son.     His  ancestry,  paternal  and  ma- 
ternal.  came  to   Maine  between    1640  and    1650.     llis 
father  was  Rev.  Keul>en    Nason,  graduate  of  Har\'ard 
in    1802,  who  entered    the   ministry   of  the  Congrega- 
tional Church  in  1810.       As  first  preceptor  of  Gorham 
Academy,  he  opened  that   institution   in    1806,  and  re- 
turned to  it  from  his  pulpit  in   1815,  leaving  it  in  1834 
only  to  organize  a  similar  school  in  Clarkson,  N.  V. 
He  died  at  Clarkson   in   1834,  and  in   1S36  his  widow 
(n«  .Martha  Coffin)  took  her  children    back  to  Gorham 
among  their  friends  and  relatives.      There  the  subject 
of  our  sketch  grew  up  and  received  his  primary  educa- 
tion, removing  in  IS42  to  Illinois  and  entering  Illinois 
College,  where  he  studied  for  two  years.       In   1845  he 
went  to  the  South  and  taught  school  in  various  places 
for  three  years.      He  was,  for  a  year,  joint  editor  and 
publisher  of  the    ft^Aig  Flag,  of  Carrollton,  Miss.     In 
January,  1849,  he  came  to    Illinois    and   worked   as  a 
journeyman  printer  in  Pekin,  Chicago  and    Peoria  ;  af- 
terwards in   St.  I.ouis,  Mo.       He  also  acted  as  book- 
keeper, salesman  and  purchasing  agent,  for  a  general 
store  and  packing  house  at  Wesley  City.   Soon  after  his 
return   from  the  South  he  became  connected  with  the 
Order  of  Odd  Fellows,  in  Covenant   Lodge,  No.  48,  at 
Pekin,    and     in     1852    was  a  charter  member  of    Ft. 
Clark  Lodge,   No.  109,  Peoria,   and  from  the  first  an 
officer  therein.     He  became  a.ssociateil  with  Kev.  \Vm. 
Kounsville  in  the  publication  of  the  Memenlo,  an   Odd 
Fellows  Monthly,  in  1854,  and  from  that  time  on,  Mr. 
Nason  has  been  a  printer  ami  publisher  in  I'eoria.     In 
November,    1855,    he  undertook   the   publication   of   a 
daily  newspaper,  the  Peoria  Tranicript,  but  the  prom- 
ised capital   necessary  to  establish  it   not  being  forth- 
coming, he  left  it  after  about  two  months.     In  Septem- 
ber, 1856,  while  in  parnership  with  Mr.  H.  .S.  Hill,  his 
establishment  was  totally  dcslroyeil  by  fire,  and  it  being 
uninsured,  they  were   left   with  a   heavy  load   of  debt, 
and  little  save  their  own  energy  to  furnish  the  means  of 
payment.       He  has  been   prominently  connected  with 
the  secret  societies  of  the  State  for  many) ears,  and  has 
filled  many  offices  in  them.     He  was  a  charier  member 
and  the  fint  Noble  Grand  of  Central  City  Lodge,  No. 
163,  Peoria,  I.  O.  O.  F.,  and  its  first  representative  to  the 
Grand  Lodge.       He  has  attended  every  session  of  that 
body  since  1854.     He  was  elected  Grand  Scribe  of  the 
Grand  KncampmenI  of  Illmois   (I.  O.  O.  F.)    in    18&4, 
and  in  1869,  Grand   Secretary  of  Grand  Lodge  of  Illi- 
nois (I.  O.  O.  F.).  and  has   since  filled  the  oflke.      He 
is  also  a  member  of  Order  of  K.  of  P.  and  was  the  first 
presiding  officer  of  Calanihe  Lodge,  No.  47.     Is  also  a 
Past  Dictator  of  the   Knights  of  Honor,   and   Grand 
Treasurer  of  the  Grand  Lodge  of  that  body  in  Illinois 


since  1877.  Is  a  member  of  Royal  Arcanum,  the  first 
Regent  of  Ajax  Council,  No.  216,  of  Peoria,  and  a 
trustee  ol  the  Grand  Council  of  Illinois.  He  discharges 
the  duties  of  all  these  important  offices  while  carrying 
on  his  large  printing  establishment.  In  1856  he  married 
Miss  Anna  D.  Bedel,  of  Peoria,  a  native  of  N.  H..  by 
whom  he  has  two  daughters. 

VelUf rlantltr  1).  M  rs.  res.  1 108  Vttfj  ttreeL 

Nell  A.  J    l>rouiti  niflr.  105  Malu  street. 

.Vewklrk  llfiij  SJ08  .N    lJuu(tl»M  street. 

Nrwiii»u  Max.  res.  603  .Main  Mreer. 

.Vewinan  .M»ry  E.  Mr«.  nurse,  res.  908  SantorU  street. 

Newuian  iL  t  fllnan, clears  and  lobaceo.  ^8S.WasblnfrtoDStreeli 

NICOL  DAVID,  chief  engineer.  City  water 
works  ;  was  born  at  Tarry  Mill,  Parish  of  St.  Vigeans, 
Forfarshire,  Scotland,  September  7,  1S24,  and  is  the 
son  of  John  and  Beltic  (Christie)  Nicol.  natives  of 
Scotland.  He  was  raised  in  .Montrose  and  Arbroath, 
and  learned  his  trade  of  machinist,  in  the  machine  shop 
of  a  linen  spinning  factory  in  the  latter  place.  When 
about  twenty  years  of  age  he  went  to  Dundee,  and  for 
the  next  four  years  worked  in  a  locomotive  building 
work  ;  married  in  .Arbroath  August  8, 1S45,  Miss  Betty 
Greig.  a  native  of  that  place,  by  whom  he  had  two 
children — David  and  James;  came  with  his  family  to 
America  landing  at  New  York,  July  10,  1S4S,  and 
headed  straight  for  Peoria,  arriving  there  July  29th  of 
that  year.  There  he  settled  and  went  to  work  in  Luke 
Wood's  machine  shop,  and  on  July  15,  1850,  he  buried 
both  his  boys  in  one  grave — they  dying  of  cholera — 
and  two  days  later  his  wife  followed  them,  cut  down  by 
the  same  fell  destroyer.  On  October  28,  1852,  he 
married  his  present  wife,  then  Miss  Charlotte  Thomp- 
son, who  W.-IS  born  in  Upton,  near  Bristol,  England, 
and  who  has  borne  him  seven  children,  four  now  alive, 
Nettie,  George,  Lilly  and  Frank.  He  has  resided  in 
I'eoria  ever  since  first  coming  to  it,  except  about  two 
years  during  the  war,  when  he  resided  in  Indianai>olis. 
He  worked  constantly  at  his  trade  as  journeyman  and 
foreman,  till  January  1872,  when  he  received  his  ap- 
pointment to  his  present  responsible  position,  which 
with  the  exception  of  two  years  he  has  ever  since  held. 
He  owes  a  house  and  lot  at  612  Fifth  street,  and  at 
present  resides  with  all  his  family  in  house  contiguous 
to  the  water  works. 

NICOL  WILLIAM  (of  Nicol,  Burr  &  Co.). 
foundry  and  machine  shop,  cor.  Water  and  Walnut 
street;  was  born  in  Arbroath  Forfarshire,  Scotland,  in 
December,  1826;  learned  his  trade  in  native  town,  and 
coming  to  .America  in  1852.  headed  straight  for  I'eoria; 
was  for  a  number  uf  years  furcnian  moldcr  for  William 
Peters,  and  in  1862.  in  company  with  his  partners  (J. 
D.  Burr,  Willi.ini  Rutherford  and  M.  McMccnan) 
bought  out  the  business,  and  has  since  continued  it. 
He  married  in  Peoria  in  August,  1855,  Jane  Docward, 
a  native  of  his  own  town,  by  whom  he  has  had  eight 
children,  five  now  living — George.  John,  William,  Isa- 


PEORIA  CITY   DIRECTORY. 


6t9 


bella  and  James.     He  owns  his  residence  and  lot.  Mrs. 
Nicol  is  a  member  of  the  Congregational  Church. 

NICOT  JACOB,  boot  and  shoe  maker,  318 
Fulton  street ;  was  born  in  the  city  of  Belfort,  France, 
March  3,  1S52,  and  is  the  son  of  Henry  Nicot  and  Kate 
Periat,  natives  of  that  city.  He  grew  to  manhood  and 
learned  his  trade  there,  and  came  to  America  alone  in 
1872,  landing  at  New  York  in  September  of  that  year; 
resided  in  New  York  for  two  years  and  worked  at  his 
trade,  and  came  to  Peoria  in  the  Fall  of  1874,  where 
he  for  some  years  worked  as  journeyman,  starting  in 
business  for  himself  in  March,  1877,  at  300  Fulton 
street,  and  coming  to  his  present  location  in  March  of 
the  present  year.  He  married  September  2,  1878,  Miss 
Emily  Herman,  a  native  of  Peoria,  by  whom  he  has 
one  child — Emily — born  December  8,  1879.  He  does 
a  good  and  growing  business  to  a  good  class  of  cus- 
tomers. 

NIehaus  B.  clerk.  121  Nortli  .street. 
Nlehaus  F.  Mrs.  res.  117  .Smith  street. 

NIGLAS  JOHN  N.  physician  and  surgeon, 
res.  603  N.  Jefferson  street ;  was  born  in  Vienna, 
Austria,  May  6,  1810.  His  father,  John  Niglas,  married 
Hannah  Suess,  both  were  natives  of  Austria.  The 
doctor  was  educated  at  the  Imperial  University  of 
Vienna,  where  he  took  a  thorough  literary  and  scienti- 
fic course  and  received  the  degree  of  doctor  of  phil- 
osophy and  arts,  and  filled  the  chair  of  philosophy  and 
religion  in  the  university  for  ten  years  ;  was  director 
and  priest  in  St.  Mary's  Church  in  the  institution  from 
1836  to  1849,  when,  owing  to  the  liberality  of  his  views 
in  politics,  he  resigned  his  position  and  sailed  for 
America,  landing  in  New  York,  in  April,  1849  ;  thence 
went  to  St.  Louis,  and  after  a  brief  stay  came  to  Peoria, 
and  in  1850,  erected  the  dwelling  in  which  he  now 
lives.  In  1852-3,  Dr.  N.  attended  a  course  of  lectures 
at  Rush  Medical  College,  Chicago,  from  which  he  was 
awarded  the  degree  of  M.  D.  in  the  Spring  of  1853  ; 
and  has  since  been  in  active  practice.  During  the  year 
185 1,  he  was  professor  of  Hebrew,  Greek  and  German 
in  Jubilee  College  ;  in  l86i  entered  the  army  as  surgeon 
of  the  6th  111.  Cavalry;  in  April,  1863,  was  promoted 
to  surgeon  in  chief  of  cavalry  division  of  i6th  Army 
Corps;  and  in  1S64,  to  the  position  of  medical  director 
of  the  Department  of  the  Tennessee,  and  served  in  that 
capacity  till  close  of  the  war.  He  has  acted  as  county 
physician  four  years,  and  as  city  physician  eight  years, 
which  ofSce  he  now  holds.  Doctor  married  Theresa 
Overhauser  nee  Haydter,  a  native  of  Vienna,  in  the  city 
of  New  York,  in  September,  1849.  They  have  no 
children. 

NITSCHKE  WILI^IAM,  cigar  manufac- 
turer, 510  Main  street,  was  born  in  Milwaukee,  Wis., 
in  July,  1849;  married  in  Chicago,  August,  1S69,  Miss 
Mathilda  Agertsen,   a  native  of  Norway,  by  whom  he 


has  had  five  children,  Minnie,  Rudolph,  August,  Otto 
and  Matilda.  He  came  to  Peoria  in  February.  1871, 
and  started  for  himself  in  his  present  business,  manu- 
facturing very  largely  all  grades  of  cigars  ;  employs  at 
present  eighteen  hands,  and  turns  out  from  50,000  to 
60,000  cigars  monthly,  almost  all  of  which  are  sold  in 
this  city ;  also  keeps  a  well  selected  stock  of  tobaccos 
and  smokers'  articles.  His  present  residence  is  at  900 
Monson  street. 

Nolan  Jas.  cattle  feeder,  res.  207  Persimmon  street. 

Norcott  F.  A.  res.  103  S.  Jefferson  street. 

Northup  N.  C.  livery.  311  Nurth  Washington  street, 

NORTON  ORBIN  H.  was  bom  in  Opelou- 
sas,  La.,  Oct.  S,  1839.  He  came  to  Peoria  in  1841.  In 
1853  went  to  Galveston,  Texas,  and  returned  to  Peoria 
in  the  Fall  of  1854,  and  has  resided  here  since.  While 
in  Galveston  his  mother  and  step-father  died  with  the 
yellow  fever,  leaving  him  and  a  brother,  then  a  babe 
less  than  six  months  old.  Soon  after  his  parents'  death 
he  started  for  home  (Peoria)  with  his  baby  brother,  a 
journey  requiring  over  a  month.  This  was  an  under- 
taking which  few  men  would  have  started  upon,  much 
less  a  boy  of  fifteen  summers.  In  1S60  he  was  married 
by  Rev.  Mr.  Johnson  to  Miss  A.  E.,  daughter  of  Daniel 
M.  and  Ann  (Darling)  Tinker,  natives  of  North  Adams, 
Mass.,  who  came  to  Peoria  in  1856,  and  now  reside  in 
Richwood  township.  He  commenced  to  learn  the 
trade  of  stone  cutter  the  next  Spring.  That  Summer 
he  received  ten  dollars  per  month  and  paid  five  of  it 
for  house  rent.  He  was  the  prime  mover  in  organizing 
fire  company  Young  America  No.  2,  and  took  the  lead 
in  all  the  company's  undertakings,  being  elected  fore- 
man a  number  of  times.  In  1874  he  prepared  an  or- 
dinance to  have  the  fire  department  reorganized  into  a 
thorough  paid  deparment ;  and  after  much  effort  on  his 
part  the  ordinance  was  passed  March  9,  1875,  by  unan- 
imous vote  of  the  City  Council,  and  at  the  same  meet- 
ing Mr.  Norton  was  elected,  by  ballot,  to  the  office  of 
chief  of  the  fire  department,  at  a  salary  of  $1,000  per 
annum,  which  position  he  held  until  Jan.  3,  1878.  He 
was  one  of  the  organizers  of  the  I.  S.  F.  Association, 
and  was  elected  first  vice-president  a  number  of  times. 
In  1876  was  appointed  one  of  the  executive  officers  of 
the  National  Association  of  Fire  Engineers  ;  was  an  ac- 
tive fireman  in  Peoria  twenty  successive  years,  attending 
over  fourteen  hundred  fires.  As  a  fireman  and  organ- 
izer   Mr.  Norton  stands  at  the   head  of  the  profession. 

NOWIiAND  EDWARD  F.  (retired),  res.  311 
S.  Jefferson  street,  is  one  of  the  pioneer  business  men 
of  Peoria,  and  for  many  years  extensively  and  promi- 
nently known  in  central  Illinois  as  a  stock  dealer  and 
pork  packer,  was  born  in  New  York  city  July  4,  1810, 
and  is  the  only  child  of  Francis  and  Mary  Nowland, 
who  emigrated  from  Ireland  in  1798.  Having  spent 
his  early  life  in  the  metropolis,  Mr.  N.  came  West  on  a 
prospective  tour  in  1834,  during  which  he  visited  Peo- 


680 


HiSTOKT  OP  PEORIA  COUNTY. 


ria.  Being  pleased  with  the  location  and  prospects  of 
the  youne  town,  he  returned  to  New  Vurk  and  married 
Jane  A.  Oakley  of  that  city,  and  removed  to  Peoria  in 
1835.  Engaged  two  years  in  butchering  for  the  local 
market ;  began  regular  business  of  slaughtering  and 
pork  packing  in  1837,  which  he  prosecuted  successfully 
until  1S63,  pan  of  the  time  alone  and  part  in  company 
with  other  parties.  In  1844  Mr.  Xowland  erected  a 
large,  new  packing  house,  fitted  it  up  with  full  steam 
appliances,  being  the  first  in  Peoria  to  slaughter  and 
pack  by  steam.  The  business  started  up  from  a  small 
beginning  and  grew  to  such  proportions  that  the 
firm  killed  40,000  hogs  in  a  season.  Soon  after  retiring 
from  the  pork  trade.  Mr.  N.  built  the  distillery  known 
as  the  Gregg  &  Nowland  distillery,  where  Reynolds  & 
Co.'s  packing  house  now  stands,  and  some  years  later 
erected  the  Grove  distillery,  now  owned  by  Woolner 
Bros.  After  running  it  a  short  time,  having  lost  his 
oldest  son.  he  sold  it  to  Richard  Gregg,  his  partner  in 
the  other  establishment,  and  retired  from  active  busi- 
ness. Mrs.  Nowland  died  February  8,  1870,  having 
borne  him  three  sons  and  one  daughter,  two  of  whom 
are  living —  Mrs.  Dr.  J.  A.  Guth  and  Frank  li.  By  a 
life  of  indefatigable  labors  —  during  years  of  which  he 
spent  twenty  out  of  every  twenty-four  hours  at  work  — 
and  by  judicious  management.  Mr.  Nowland  accumu- 
lated an  ample  estate.  Though  his  physical  health  is 
considerably  impaired  by  a  stroke  of  paralysis,  his 
memory  of  the  events  of  the  early  history  of  Peoria  is 
remarkably  distinct,  and  his  graphic  relation  of  them 
very  entertaining  and  instructive. 

.Null  Mr»   K.  rr».  107  Mlllliiiin  ttrret. 
Nulleiiit')  or  J.  II   r.s.  »U4  .N.  Ailaius  street. 

OAKFOltU  A.  S.  wholesale   grocer,   res.  405 

Perry  street. 

Uliertiaiiier  Wm.  cuhlerOer.  Dank,  rea.  781  N.  Madison  itrect. 
U'llrlFii  I»vlU,  m.  61S  .McHeaii  street. 

O'BKIKN  JOHN,  car  repairer  for  T.,  P.  &  W. 

K.  K.,  res.  1102  First  street,  was  born  in  Ireland; 
came  to  America  about  1850,  and  after  roaming  around 
a  good  deal  settled  in  Peoria  about  1853,  and  was  mar- 
ried in  the  following  year  to  Johanna  Persol,  a  native 
of  Ireland,  by  whom  he  has  had  four  children,  one  of 
whom  is  now  living — Michael.  Mr.  O  Brien  owns 
property  to  the  amount  of  $800,  and  he  and  his  wife 
are  members  of  the  Catholic  Church. 

Il'llrleii  John,  rarprrilrr   118  KlrHl  »trei-t, 

O'ltrlni  Juhii,  trunk  tn«knr.  rva    IS"  Oa)'  street. 

(I'llrli'ii  .M    •kliioii    \'i!,  Kiilluri  nlrrvl. 

o'llrlfii  Ttioiiina.  <]r»viiiaii,  ri-n.  12'**  Saratuum  stroct. 

i><ki'iiK>  K   Krwirr.  ll.'ltl  N.  A>1>mi»  itrri't. 

Oi-ktT  M.  UlMirrr,  reB.  -Jia  .N,  I'mlrle  stlt'et. 

irt'oniiur  l»rnrilB.  iHiIlri.uiaii,  rrn   K14  llurlliul  ntreet. 

O'l'oiiliur  jKinri.  ri-«.  IttA(fa)  Hlrri-(. 

U'L'oliiiur  r.  lirlcklayiT.  m   lOB  lliciry  alroet. 

ODKLL  G.    W.     dipt,    gioccr,     515     Knm- 

ville  road  ;  son    of   Jonathan   A.    and    Mary  (Conklln) 

Udell,    natives  of   New    York.      The    subject    of    this 

sketch  was  born    in   Putnam   county,   N.   Y.,  in   i8a8. 

lie    was   reared  on   a  farm    in    Westchester   county, 

N.  v.,  and  received  a  common   school   education.     At 


the  age  of  eighteen  he  commenced  clerking  for  a  man 
by  the  name  of  John  Mead,  in  Peekskill,  and  remained 
with  him  until  1852,  when  he  went  to  New  York 
city  and  was  employed  by  A.  T.  Stewart,  where  he 
remained  until  the  Spring  of  1S55,  then  came  to  Peoria 
and  clerked  for  a  short  time  in  a  dry  goods  house ; 
afterwards  embarked  in  business  as  the  firm  of  Odell 
&  Parker,  and  continued  as  same  until  1859.  In  1S61 
he  enlisted  in  nth  Illinois  Cavalry,  as  private,  and 
was  mustered  as  1st  Lieutenant,  under  Robert  G. 
Ingersoll  ;  was  in  that  branch  of  service  one  and  a  half 
years.  Returned  home,  recruited  Company  K.  of  the 
139th  I.  V.  I.,  and  was  commissioned  as  ils  captain. 
Married  for  his  fir>t  wife  Susan  A.  Armstrong.  She 
was  the  daughter  of  John  and  Susan  Armstrong,  who 
came  to  the  county  in  1834.  She  died  in  1S59,  leaving 
one  son,  Charles  H.  For  his  second  wife  he  married 
Martha  A.  Armstrong.  She  was  bom  in  Peoria,  Ills., 
in  1841.  The  fruit  of  this  marriage  being  nine  chil- 
dren, eight  of  whom  are  living :  Mary  A.,  Jennie, 
Frank  H.,  .-Vnnie  S.,  George  B.,  Lulu.  Harry.  (.Amy 
deceased),  and  Edith. 

<>ecli5l»'.Io8eph.  catilnet  maker,  110  Main  street. 
on  t't»a>.  J.  who]f>ale  sru'er.  lltf  LtUerty  street- 
OKilfii  r.  res.  BIS  .Main  sireel. 
U'tiorniau  Clias.  K.  416  Fultun  street. 

OHL  JOHN,  bakery  and  grocery,  401  N. 
Washington  street.  Was  bom  near  Frankfort,  Ger- 
many, April  3,  1S24;  came  to  the  United  States  in 
1849,  '"  ^  sailing  vessel,  and  was  on  the  water  thirty-five 
days,  and  landed  in  New  York,  and  thence  to  Mercer 
county.  Pa.,  where  he  remained  a  short  time  ;  thence 
to  St.  Louis,  and  remained  until  1853.  when  he  came 
to  Peoria  county,  and  has  been  in  the  bakery  business 
since.  Married  Miss  Litzie  Eydmann.  She  was  bom 
in  the  same  place  as  her  husband,  June  26,  1S32. 
Nine  children  blessed  this  union:  Julius,  born  June 
II,  1S34.  died  December  II,  i860;  (two  died  in  in- 
fancy); Carl  Peter,  born  October  10,  1857;  John,  bom 
November  17,  1859;  Willie,  born  March  39.1863: 
George,  born  March  II,  1865;  Louis,  born  November 
15,1866;  Matilda,  born  August  I9.  1868;  Klitabeth, 
born  November  28.  1870;  Kmily  and  Pauline  (twins), 
bom  June  2,  1873.  Members  of  Lutheran  Church. 
OhI  Val.  basket  maker.  118  IrTlng  slrerl. 

OHLKMIM.l'K    J.  grocer,   933  W.   Jefferson 
slrcel. 

tllilrlnlllrr  .S   r.-iri>riit<'r.  r.-i   y:i:l  W.  Jefterson  tlrcel. 

irijiiitfhilit  r.  lalMirtT,  '41'*'  i'i*«lar  «ln*rl. 

O'Srirjamrs    rrn    4t)H  lliirnnit  ntrrrt. 

O'.Nell  J    enicllic'iT.  HiX  llilllir  iilrrFl 

(lliluii  John  A.  mall  rarilrr.  rr*  -JUH  Kills  sirerl. 

ONSTOT  JOSHUA   S.    harness  and  awning 

manufaciurcr,  21$  Eliiabeth  street,  was  born  in   Miss. 

ouii,  September    19,    1S32.     Was   one   of  a   family    of 

three  children  of  Solomon  and   Mary  Unslot.     Mother 

died  when  he  was  ten  yiars  old'     lie  learned  the  trade 

of  harnessmaker  in  St.   Louis,  and  after   working    in 

various  places  as  a  journeyman  he  settled  in   Peoria  in 


PEORIA  CITY  DIRECTORY. 


681 


1855  and  opened  business  on  his  own  account  and  con- 
ducted a  shop  until  his  death,  which  occurred  December 
16,  1879,  leaving  four  children,  (two  dead,)  Wni.  L., 
Mary  E.,  Alice  B.,  and  Elizabeth  A.  Was  a  member 
of  the  M.  E.  Church  at  the  time  of  his  death.  Mr. 
Onstot  was  the  first  and  principal  awning  manufacturer 
in  the  city.  He  married  Abby  G.  Prentice,  a  native  of 
Dayton,  O.,  November  17,  1S59. 

O'Uouke  Miles,  foundry,  cor.  Washington  and  Maple  streets. 
Ortinann  E.  res.  404  First  street. 

Ottenhelnier  Sanil.  olothlnK,  221  and  223  Main  street, 
Osboin  li.  U.  re.s.  ,'518  Hamilton  street. 
Owen  lienj.  boiler  maker.  T.  P.  &  VV.  shops. 
Owens  .1.  res.  1906  s.  Adams  street. 
Palm  W.  S.  ear  accountant,  T.P.&  W.  res.  807  Fayette  street. 

1»AKISH  A.  S.  proprietor  Parish  Commercial 
College,  114  and  116  S.  Adams  street,  was  born  in 
Seneca  county,  N.  Y.,  December  28,  1841,  and  is  the 
son  of  Peter  S.  and  Catherine  E.  (Smith)  Parish,  natives 
of  New  York.  He  there  was  educated  and  grew  up, 
and  at  seventeen  years  of  age  removed  with  his  father 
to  Ingham  county,  Mich.,  where  he  resided  for  four 
years,  and  then  returning  to  his  native  State  took  a 
course  of  commercial  education  in  Oswego,  in  1864, 
and  afterwards  tilled  the  position  of  teacher  in  same 
school  for  eight  months;  afterwards  taught  in  the  Busi- 
ness College  at  Macgregor,  Iowa,  for  two  years;  at 
Dayton,  Ohio,  Business  College,  one  year ;  at  Grand 
Rapids  Business  College,  seven  years ;  coming  from 
there  to  Peoria  in  1876,  where  he  purchased  Cole's 
Business  College  in  April  of  that  year,  and  has  since 
conducted  and  developed  it,  under  his  own  name.  He 
has  recently  moved  into  new  and  very  handsome 
quarters,  and  the  college  is  complete  in  all  the  appoint- 
ments necessary  for  the  thorough  education  of  his 
students  in  the  forms  and  customs  of  actual  business 
life.  He  married  at  Monona,  Iowa,  July  21,  1S67,  Miss 
Susan  E.  Woodward,  a  native  of  Massachusetts,  and 
daughter  of  Parker  and  Louisa  (Spaulding)  Woodward. 
Mr.  Parish's  father  is  still  alive  and  a  resident  of 
Ingham  county,  Mich. 

Parish  Ben.  S.  res.  1206  Perry  street. 

parks  J.  res.  Garden  street. 

ParmJy  O.  C.  res.  Peoria  House. 

Partridge  A.  blacksmith,  Hull  street  near  Main. 

PASTOROINI     ANTOINE,      saloon,    125 
Washington  street. 

Paul  John  W.  yeast  manufacturer,  407  Brotherson  street. 
Pony  Stephen,  engineer.  Second  district  sdiool. 

PECK  J.  D.  house  and  sign  painter,  204  Main 
street,  was  born  in  Providence,  R.  I.,  Sept.  3,  1S39,  and 
is  the  son  of  Leonard  and  Harriet  A.  (Short)  Peck, 
natives  of  that  State.  He  was  raised,  educated  and 
learned  his  trade  in  his  native  city,  and  worked  at  it 
there  for  some  years  ;  enlisted  in  Sept.  1861,  in  Co.  I. 
mil  R.  I.  V.  Infantry,  and  served  with  it  until  July  of 
the  next  year;  in  the  same  Fall  came  to  Peoria,  and 
during  the  next  two  years  acted  as  foreman  for  Frazer 
&  Co.,  painters  there.  He  afterwards  went  to  Omaha, 
Neb.,  near  which  he  purchased  a  cattle  ranche,  and 
after  residing  upon  it  for  a  year,  sold  out,  and  returned 
49 


to  Peoria,  and  began  business  for  himself.  He  mar- 
ried, in  1S61,  Miss  Harriet  A.  Woodbury,  daughter  of 
Samuel  and  Frances  A.  Woodbury,  a  native  of  his  own 
city  by  whom  he  has  one  child,  Nellie,  born  June  15, 
1877.  Mr.  Peck  was  for  two  years  alderman,  from  the 
Seventh  Ward  of  Peoria.  Makes  a  specialty  in  his 
business  of  sign  writing;  owns  three-story  building  at 
above  and  adjoining  numbers,  containing  two  fine  stores 
one  of  which  he  occupies  himself;  also  owns  residence 
and  lot  at  229  Elizabeth  street.  Mr.  und  Mrs.  Peck  are 
members  of  the  First  Congregational  Church. 
Peck  J.  G.  shoe  shop.  111  First  sli-eet. 

PERKINS  EDGAR,  M.  D.  physician  and 
surgeon,  104  N.  Madison  street,  was  born  in  Delhi, 
Delaware  Co.  N.  Y.,  Sept.  4,  1836,  and  is  the  son  of 
Timothy  and  Sarah  (Veghty)  Perkins.  His  father  was 
a  native  of  Massachusetts,  and  his  mother  of  New  York. 
When  four  years  old  his  parents  removed  to  Illinois, 
settling  at  Buffalo  Grove,  now  Polo,  Ogle  Co.,  where 
he  went  to  school,  graduating  afterwards  at  Clarke's, 
now  Jennings',  Seininary,  at  Aurora  in  1864.  Before 
graduating  he  enlisted  in  the  Fall  of  1862,  in  Co.  D. 
92nd  I.  V.  I.  for  three  years,  and  served  about  seven 
months  at  the  front,  when  in  consequence  of  exposure 
and  privations  he  fell  sick  and  was  discharged  in  the 
following  Spring.  He  then  returned  to  Aurora  and 
graduated  as  above  stated.  For  the  next  three  years 
he  read  medicine  and  taught  school,  and  took  his  de- 
gree of  M.  D.  at  Hahnemann  Medical  College  in  1868, 
afterwards  commencing  to  practice  at  Canton,  111. 
After  four  years  there  he  came  to  Peoria  in  the  Fall  of 
1S71,  where  he  has  ever  since  resided.  He  married,  in 
Providence,  R.  I.,  in  August,  1866,  Miss  Lucy  F. 
Cheever,  daughter  of  Daniel  Cheever,  of  Delavan,  111., 
bv  whom  he  has  had  four  children,  Abby  A.,  Chas.  E., 
Harry  P.,  and  Louie  S.  The  doctor  owns  his  resi- 
dence and  lot  at  above  number.  His  wife  and  he  are 
members  of  the  First  Congregational  Church. 

Perry  William,  res.  507  Hamilton  street. 

Pesch  Frank,  macbinist  T.,  P.  it.  VV..  res  1019  N.  Adams  street. 

Peters  Martlu,  laborer,  614  Johnson  street. 

PETERSON  H.  N.  restaurant,  202  S.  Wash- 
ington street,  was  born  in  Holstein,  Germany,  on  the 
25th  day  of  Oct.  1827.  Came  to  the  United  States  in 
1S53,  and  landed  in  New  York.  Thence  to  Chicago 
where  he  remained  two  years,  and  thence  to  Peoria 
where  he  has  resided  since,  where  he  worked  at  his 
trade  as  carriage  trimmer  two  years.  Afterwards  en- 
gaged in  the  hotel  business  where  he  remained  five 
years,  and  in  1873  commenced  his  present  business. 
Married  Miss  Elizabeth  Bower.  She  was  born  in  Ohio 
July  14,  1832.  The  fruit  of  this  marriage  was  five 
children  ;  four  living,  Theodore,  Henrietta,  Rudolph 
and  Minnie. 

PETERSON    JOHN,    merchant    tailor,     224 
Main  street,   was  born  in   Norway,   Europe,   in   1830. 


082 


HISTORY  OP  PEOniA   COUNTY. 


Came  to  the  United  States  about  twenly-eight  years 
ago,  icttleil  in  Milwaukee,  Wis.,  and  worked  at  the 
tailor's  trade  ;  thence  he  went  to  Kockford,  111.,  and 
pursued  the  business  as  a  journeyman  several  years.  In 
1861  came  to  Peoria,  and  after  working  three  years  on 
a  salary  opened  a  shop.  In  1865  his  shop  was  burned, 
by  which  he  lost  most  of  his  stock.  Since  then,  until 
the  Fall  of  1879,  he  has  conducted  the  business  under 
the  First  National  Bank,  when  he  removed  to  the  above 
number.  Mr.  Peterson  married  the  first  time  in  i860 
to  .Martha  Peterson  of  Rockford,  a  native  also  of  Nor- 
way. She  died  in  i863.  leaving  one  child  which  has 
since  died.  He  married  the  present  wife,  MissT.  Lein- 
go,  in  June.  1877.  She  is  a  native  of  Ohio.  He  carries 
a  fine  assortment  of  piece  goods,  which  are  made  up  to 
order  in  the  most  approved  manner.  He  is  a  men'ber 
of  the  I.  O.  O.  F. 

Petherbrldge  Thos.  W.,  carpenter,  cor.  Monroe  and  Bamlltou 
streets. 

PETTKNGILL     MOSES,     residence     West 
BlufT,  is  one  of  the  old  and  prominent  citizens  of  Peo- 
ria.    Is  the   seventh   of  thirteen  children  of  Benjamin 
and  Hannah  Pettengill,  and  was  born  in  Salisbury,  New 
Hampshire,  April  16.  1802.     His  grandfather,  Andrew 
Pettengill,   was  an  officer  in  the  war  of  the  revolution  ; 
was  tnortally  wounded  at  the    battle  of   Bennington, 
Vermont.     Mr.  P."s  father  was  a  prominent  farmer,  and 
endowed  with  extraordinary  physical  and  mental  pow- 
ers.     .Moses'  early  Summers  were  spent    on  the  farm 
and   in  the   machine  shop    the  Winters  in  the  village 
school.     His  health  broke  down,  and  for  seven  years  of 
his  early  manhood  was  an  invalid.    Later  he  pursued  his 
studies  in  the  academy  of  his  native  village,  and  taught 
there    several    terms,    also   at    Lowell,    Massachusetts. 
Saratoga  Springs,  and  Lewiston,  New  York.     In  1827, 
Mr.  P.  engaged  in  mercantile  business  in   Rochester, 
New  Vork,  but  lost  the  earnings  of  years  by  the  burn- 
ing of  his  store  the   following  year.     Before  locating 
again,   he    visited   most    of   the  principal  cities  in  the 
Middle   States,  and   after  teaching  one  term,  opened  a 
»tore  in  Urockport,  twenty  miles  west  of  Rochester,   in 
company  with  a  Mr.   Little,   afterwards  with  Col.  San- 
l>orn,  his  brother-in-law.     May  23,  1833,  Mr.  P.  united 
in   matrimony  with  Lucy,   daughter  of  Deacon    Amos 
Pettengill,  of  Salisbury,    New   Hampshire.     Hearing  a 
very   flattering   account   of  the  Illinois  country  from  a 
neighbor,  Mr.   Kox,    who  had   visited  it,  Mr.  Pettengill 
resolved  to  visit  the  Prairie  State.     Leaving  Urockport 
in  November,  1833,  in  company  with  a  traveling  com- 
panion named  Swcatt,  started  for  Fori  Clark,  and  after 
a  long  and  circuitous   route   by  lake,  canal,   river,  and 
overland  on  horseback,   they   reached  their  destination 
the  last  Saturday  in  December,  1833.     Soon  after  their 
arrival,  Mr.  P.  bought  the  lot  on  the  southweil  corner 
of  Washington  and    Main   streets  of  Alva  Mofl^alt,  for      | 


$300.       Peoria    then    contained   a    population    of    1 50 
people,  about  thirty  log  cabins,  and  three  frame  build- 
ings.    After    spending  a   few  days  in  Fort  Clark,  Mr. 
Pettengill  made   the   trip   homeward,  via  Chicago,  800 
miles,  on  horseback.     Having  closed  out  his  business 
there,  be  started,  with  his  wile  and  Jacob  Gale,  since 
judge,  in   April.  1834,  for  Peoria.      Making  the  journey 
via  the  lakes   and   across   the  country   from  Chicago, 
they  arrived  at    Peoria   on  the  1st  of  June,  1834.       Mr. 
P.,  in  company  with    Mr.   Gale,  began  the  erection  of  a 
store  on  the  lot  he  had  purchased  on  his  previous  visit, 
and  soon  after  bought  the  lot  adjoining,   on  which  was 
a  log  cabin  of  the  primitive   sort,  in  which  to  live.     In 
November,  1834,    .Messrs.   Pettengill  and   Gale  opened 
the  first  hardware  and  stove  store  in   Peoria,  and  early 
in  1835  Mr.  Pettengill  purchased  his  partner's  interest. 
He  soon  after  added  the  manufacture  of  sheet  iron  and 
copperware,  the  first  in  Central  Illinois.     In  December, 
1834,  the  first  church,  a  New  School   Presb)-terian,  was 
organized,  and  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Pettengill  were  prominent 
among  its  eleven  members.     Through  his  and  the  breth- 
ren's efforts,  the  first  house  of  worship  was  erected  the 
next  season.     In  the  Summer  of  1S36.  Mr.  P.  sold  ahalf 
interest  in  his  store  to  A.   P.  Uartlett,  which  continued 
until    1843,    when    Mr.    Pettengill    again    became    sole 
owner.     The  firm   had  previously  built  the  first   three- 
story  brick  store,  on    the   comer  of  Washington  and 
Main  streets.     In  the  Spring  of  1844  he  began  building 
a  three-story  brick  store  on  the  lot  where  his  stone  front 
bank  building  was  erected    in    1872.     In    May  of  that 
year,  his  store  and  a  large  part  of  the  goods  were  burned. 
In  November  following  they  lost  their  only  child.  Moses 
F.,   aged   five  years.     Having  to  go  East  to  make  pur- 
chases of  goods  each  year,   Mr.    P.  several  times  drove 
through  in  a  carriage,  taking  the   famdy  along.     From 
1850   to    1854  Josiah    Babcock    was   a    partner    with 
Mr.    P.    in     his    mercantile    business.       For     several 
years    Mr.    P.    was    interested     in    the  manufacture  of 
plows   and   other  agricultural   implements,  under   the 
firm  name  of  Pettengill  iV  T.azawell  ;  in  the  Spring  also 
took  an  interest  with  several    others  in  a   large   lumber 
yard.     Early    in    the  Summer  of  1863    Mr.    Pettengill 
purchased  one  of  the   most  desirable  lots  of  four  acres 
upon  the  west   blufT,  and  erected   buildings  on   it  at  a 
cost  of  Is.ooo-     In  the  Spring  of  1863  disposed  of  his 
interest    in    the  mercantile  house  which   he   had  estab- 
lished in  1834.     He  lost  his  wife  on  the  39th  of  Febru- 
ary,  1864.     On    May    17,  1865,    at    llaileton.    III.,   he 
married  Hannah  W.  Tyner,  lut  Bent,  a  native  of   Mid- 
dlebury.   Vl.      Mr.    P.  was  chosen  delegate  to  the  Na- 
tional  Congregational  Council,  which    met    at    Boston, 
.Mass.,  in  June,  186;.     On  the  night  of  the  13th  of  De- 
cember, 186$,  his  blufT  home  with  a  large  portion  of  its 
contents  was  destroyed  by  fire.     Three  years  after  his 
present  elegant    brick    dwelling    took  its  place  on  the 


.4 


^\ 


•iKXj}~4jU)     a  .eXX^y^n^cjJA/ 


PEORIA 


PEORIA   CITY   DIRECTORY. 


683 


same  site,  costing  §12.000.  In  1S70  formed  a  partner- 
ship with  Joseph  P.  Smith  and  two  other  gentlemen, 
for  the  manufacture  of  bar  soap  for  the  wliolesale  trade, 
which  continued  two  years,  when  he  and  his  nephew 
bought  out  the  other  partners.  Though  Mr.  Pettengill 
has  retired  from  active  business,  he  has  capital  invested 
in  several  commercial  enterprises,  among  which  is  the 
large  wholesale  boot  and  shoe  house  of  Pettengill  &  Co. 
During  the  days  of  slavery  Mr.  Pettengill  was  an  ac- 
tive and  zealous  anti-slavery  man  ;  has  from  his  youth 
been  a  strong  defender  of  temperance,  and  from  early 
manhood  has  been  a  devoted  member  of  the  church  ;  is 
affable  and  companionable,  firm  in  purpose,  and  of  un- 
impeachable integrity  of  character.  Benevolence  is  a 
prominent  feature  of  his  nature  ;  has  taken  special  in- 
terest in  assisting  young  men  to  start  in  life  ;  on  Nov. 
25,  1859,  donated  ^4,000  as  a  thanksgiving  offering  to 
the  First  Congregational  Church,  of  which  he  and  his 
wife  are  members. 

PFEIFFER  AUGUSTUS,  wholesale  liquor 
dealer,  log  S.  Washington  street.  Son  of  Theobold 
and  Caroline  (Hurseh)  Pfeiffer,  natives  of  Germany, 
who  came  to  the  U.  S.  in  1849,  ^"'^  settled  in  Peoria 
county,  and  followed  the  grocery  trade.  Father  died  in 
1873;  mother  still  living.  The  subject  of  this  sketch 
was  born  in  Peoria  county  on  the  21st  day  of  Nov., 
1852,  and  received  what  education  the  city  schools  af- 
forded. Embarked  in  his  present  business  in  1877. 
Carries  a  stock  of  from  $15,000  to  $20,000.  Mr.  P.'s 
sales  are  principally  in  the  central  portion  of  the  State, 
and  his  annual  sales  amount  to  from  $75,000  to  .'jlioo,- 
000.  Married  Susie  Buffe,  daughter  of  Fred  Bufte. 
She  was  born  in  Peoria  Dec.  5,  1S53.  They  have  two 
children  by  this  union,  one  boy  and  one  girl  ;  August 
F.  and  Clara  Ellen. 

PFEIFER  M.  hardware,  222  Bridge  street,  was 
born  in  Bavaria,  17th  Jan.,  1829.  Son  of  Peter  and 
Eliza  (Ostermeyer)  Pfeifer,  natives  of  Bavaria.  Came 
to  ."Vmerica,  Sept.  25,  1S49,  landing  in  New  York. 
Thence  went  to  Massachusetts,  where  he  remained  a 
short  time.  Then  went  to  New  Orleans  and  worked  on 
the  river  four  months,  at  American  Bend,  and  in  July, 
1850,  came  to  St.  Louis.  Remained  there  two  months 
and  was  in  various  places  until  1855,  when  he  came  to 
Peoria.  Clerked  in  a  hardware  house  till  1S62,  when 
he  staited  a  grocery,  and  in  the  Fall  added  hardware, 
and  continued  in  the  same  until  the  Fall  of  1S6S. 
.\bout  that  date  he  dropped  groceries  and  devoted  his 
whole  time  to  the  hardware  business.  Between  the 
years  of  1873  and  '77,  was  the  first  president  of  the 
German  Banking  Co.,  of  which  he  held  stock  for  many 
years.  Married,  in  the  Fall  of  1850.  in  St.  Louis,  Miss 
Barbara  Goehring,  a  native  of  Bavaria  Carries  a  stock 
from  $7,000  to  fg,ooo.  Member  of  the  Volunteer  Fire 
Department  for  twelve  years  ;    was  secretary,  treasurer 


and  foreman  during  that  time.  Was  president  of  the 
German  Workingmen's  .\ssociation.  Has  been  direc- 
tor and  treasurer  of  Central  Street  Car  Com- 
pany, treasurer  of  the  German  Fire  Insurance  Co.,  and 
is  at  present  director  of  the  German  Bank.  Member 
of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.,  Western  Lodge,  No.  295  ;  has  held 
the  offices  of  treasurer  and  N.  G.  Owns  four  stores  on 
Bridge  and  Washington  streets ;  also  a  residence  and 
lot  on  S.  Adams  street,  No.  912,  and  other  city 
property. 
I'flfer  R.  R.  Mrs.  saloon,  1924  N.  Adams  street. 

PFEIFFER  .THEOBALD  (deceased). 
Widow's  residence,  826  Kno.\ville  road.  Was  born  in 
Rhinebergen,  Germany,  Feb.  21,  1820.  Emigrated  to 
.\merica  in  1850,  located  in  Peoria,  and  immediately 
embarked  in  the  grocery  business,  on  Water  street,  near 
Bridge,  and  continued  in  the  same  fourteen  years,  when 
he  sold  out  and  engaged  in  the  insurance  business.  He 
also  was  city  collector  and  treasurer.  Married  Miss 
Caroline  Hirsch.  She  was  born  in  Germany,  Aug.  28, 
1824.  The  fruit  of  this  marriage  was  nine  children, 
six  of  them  living  :  Robert,  August,  Ernest,  Frederick, 
Rudolph  and  Annie.  The  deceased  are  :  Caroline, 
Carl  and  Thomas. 
Phelps  D.  B.  general  agent  German  Fire  Ins.  Co.  res.  511  Green 

Phenlx  j!  G.  plasterer,  res.  220  Armstrong  avenue. 
Pliiliips  E.  restaurant.  132  .S.  Jefferson  street. 
Phillips  John,  res.  707  First  street. 

PHILLIPS  F.    M.    Captain  Chemical  Engine 

No.  2,  S.  Adams  street,  below  Plank  road,  was  born  in 

Brown  county,  O.,  September  19,  1842,  and  is  the  son 

of  Valentine  and   Jane  (Kennett)   Phillips,   natives  of 

Ohio.     When  about  twelve  years  of  age  he   removed 

with  his  parents  to  Peoria,  and  has  ever  since  made  it 

his  home.     He  enlisted  in   August,   1861,  in  Company 

A,  47th  Illinois  Volunteer  Infantry,  Captain  Cromwell, 

and  formed  part  of  the  16th  Army  Corps,  or  Western 

Army ;    took   part    in    the   battles   of  Island   No.    10, 

Corinth,  luka,  Jackson,  Miss.,  second  battle  of  Corinth, 

Vicksburg,    MiUikin's  Bend,    Red    River    Expedition, 

Pleasant  Hill,  through  Mississippi  after  Forest,  Tupalo, 

and  Sharcott   Lake   in   Arkansas,  where   the  company 

lost  heavily  ;  in  all,  27  battles  and  skirmishes.     He  was 

mustered  out  at  Springfield,  II!.,  October  4,  1864,  upon 

which  day  his  mother  died  in  Peoria,  and  after  staying 

at  home   for  thirty  days,  he  re-enlisted  as  a  veteran  in 

Company  B,  nth  Illinois  Volunteer  Cavalry,  and  sei-ved 

with  it  till  the  close  of  the  war,  when  he  was  mustered 

out  with  the  rank  of  corporal.     On  his  return  to  Peoria 

he  engaged  in  teaming  for  over  a  year,  hauling  co.il  on 

contract    to    distilleries.       He     married,     1868     Misi 

Martha   E.    Kemmer,   who     was  born     in     Kentucky 

in  1853,  by  whom  he  has  had   one  child,    Henry    W., 

born     1869,    and    died    in   October,    1870.       In     1866 

he   gave    up    teaming,    and   engage  d     for    about    six 

years  in  the  livery  business,  and   in    1874  entered   tlie 


684 


HISTORY  OF  PEORIA  COL'NTi'. 


the  employ  of  the  city  as  fireman,  and  has  since  fol- 
lowed that  occupation.  He  was  first  with  Chemical 
Engine  Co.  No.  I  ;  has  been  in  present  company  since 
January,  1878,  and  in  September  of  the  latter  year 
received  the  appointment  to  its  captaincy. 
Pierre  C.  S.  i;roc«r.  cur.  Main  and  Miidlsoii  street*. 

PIEKCE  EUGENE  B.  secretary  Peoria 
Plow  Company.  S.  Water,  comer  Walnut  streets. 

PIXGEK  JACOB,  pork  packer;  residence. 
942  Knoxville  road.  Was  born  in  I'ramenheim, 
Alsace  Hessen,  Germany,  April  23,  1816,  and  came  to 
America  in  December,  1833,  and  located  in  Cincinnati, 
C,  where  he  resided  34  years.  Then  in  1S6S  came  to 
Peoria,  where  he  has  followed  pork  packing  since. 
Married  Mary  Bohl.  She  was  born  in  Baiern,  Ger- 
many, July  25,  1822,  and  came  to  the  United  Stales  in 
1828.  The  fruit  of  this  marriage  was  nine  children, 
eight  of  whom  are  still  living.  Christ,  born  October 
28,  1846;  George  D.,  bom  November  20,  1850;  John 
E.,  born  October  19,  1853;  Lou.  J.,  born  November 
24,  1856;  Theodore,  born  January  24,  1859;  Albert, 
born  April  II.  l36i  ;  Amelia  M..  born  Sept.  27,  1866; 
Emma  K.,  born  October  7,  1871.  (Sarah  E.,  born  May 
20,  1S48.  died  June  2,  1853). 

Pierce  II.  H.  bricklaver.  Knoxvllle  rund. 
Pleritoti  .John,  fnilt.  4U.^  N.  AdaniH  tttreuL 
Plnkncv  Aiidrfw.  res,  .MS  Main  Blre»"t. 
PlnkufV  K.  M.  res.  507  Mnnrw  Htrccl. 
Pill  .\.  Tuyliir.  108  N.  Ad:iMH  strni't. 
pla*-.!  E.  o.  mull  r.iri  ur.  re.i.  608  Klftli  street. 

POLSTEK  fllAKLES,  grocer  and  provision 
dealer.  113  Cl.iy  street,  was  born  in  Germany,  February 
6,  1S31;  emigrated  to  America,  landing  at  New  York 
in  October,  1856,  and  went  to  Connecticut,  and  from 
thence  to  Peoria,  where  he  carried  on  business  as  a 
tailor  until  1861,  and  then  enlisted  in  23lh  Keglment 
I.  V.  I.,  and  served  three  years,  afterwards  re-enlisting 
In  the  same  regiment,  and  serving  until  the  close  of 
tlie  war  ;  was  discharged  in  1866.  He  worked  at  his 
trade  all  the  time  he  w.-is  in  the  army ;  participated  in 
a  good  many  battles  but  never  received  a  wound,  or 
lay  a  day  in  a  hospital.  After  his  discharge  he  com- 
menced  his  present  business,  ami  has  since  carried  it  on 
successfully.  lie  married,  in  1857,  Miss  Anne  Inscl- 
mann,  who  w.is  iMirn  in  ( icrmany,  April  19,  iSlS. 

I»OI.,.STEK  .JOHX.  dealer  in  groceries,  pro- 
visions, flour,  etc.,  1314  N.  Adams  street,  was  born  in 
Germany.  January  I.  1857  ;  son  of  John  and  Katherina 
(Armstrong)  Polster  both  of  whom  were  natives  of  that 
country.  He  was  raised  and  educated  in  his  native 
town  of  Kalzeburg,  and  came  alone  to  .Vmericain  1875, 
landing  in  New  V'ork  in  July  of  that  year.  He  came 
straight  through  to  Peoria,  and  fur  the  next  four  years 
clerked  for  his  uncle  Charles  Polsler,  and  started  in 
bu>ines.fur  himself  at  his  present  location,  Kcliruary 
2^,  1879.  He  married  April  17,  of  the  same  year.  Miss 
Theodolinde  Seidle,  a  native  of  IVnri.i.      Mi.    I'.iKlcr 


has  a  handsome  store,  keeps  in  it  a  stock  valued  at 
about  (700,  and  bids  fair  soon  to  build  up  a  large  and 
lucrative  trade. 

POWELL  .MAHLOX  T,  was  bora  near 
Leesburgh,  Loudon  county,  Va-.on  the  26th  of  October, 
1816;  received  a  good  education  at  common  school; 
left  his  native  countr}' on  October  6,  1836,  having  in 
charge  his  father,  then  seventy-two  years  old,  (who 
served  three  years  and  eight  months  in  the  Revolu- 
tionary war)  and  family,  which  consisted  of  mother  and 
sister.  They  landed  in  Peoria  from  the  steamer 
Warren  on  November  5,  same  year ;  removed  up  the 
river  to  the  narrows,  where  the  father  was  taken  sick, 
and  in  about  three  weeks  died.  Then  he  and  the  re- 
maining family  moved  to  Washington,  Tazewell  county, 
where  he  married  the  oldest  daughter  of  Kev.  W.  J. 
Curtis,  on  October  21,  1S41,  and  May,  1850,  removed  to 
Peoria,  where  they  have  lived  since.  Have  a  family  of 
four  sons,  two  of  whom  are  married,  and  three  girls,  all 
living  in  the  city.  Mr.  Powell  works  at  his  trade,  car- 
penter ;  is,  financially,  in  comfortable  circumstances, 
and  enjoys  good  physical  health. 

Popic  J.  plasterer.  1015  Klrsl  .^IrtH.'l. 

P<>|i|iiii(;;i  Oe'j.  lalniter,  res.  613  \v.  Jefferson  street. 

Polhciff   r.  II.  res.  IID  l•lr^l  Mreet. 

I'ciller  II.  II.  (train.  800  S    VValer  MrccL 

poweiu:  lulxirer.  re.».  511  llnillml  sirvet. 

IVtwell  I).  lalMirrr, 'J08  Cedar  pilreef. 

I'uwell  .lalne.>i.  rur.  Main  and  Itlult  streets. 

Powell  M.  T.  rariienler,  108  Kills  alreeL 

Power  James,  res   116  liidler  street. 

Power  John.  lalKJter.  res.  iliove  street. 

Powers  Kdward.  leaiusler,  316  S.  Water  street. 

Powers  Juliii,  Itolel.  2*,!4  S.  Water  street. 

PKENGER  FKED.  painter,  1222  S.  Adams 
street,  was  born  in  Prussia,  March  20,  1833,  and  came 
to  America  in  July,  1S57.  For  one  year  he  located  in 
Detroit,  Mich.,  where  he  worked  at  his  trade,  and  then 
came  to  Peoria  in  April,  1S58,  and  engaged  in  busi- 
ness. He  married  in  1863  Mary  Luca«,  who  was  born 
in  Bohmer,  March  21,  1S45,  by  whom  he  has  had 
eight  children,  five  now  living.  Frederick,  Annette, 
Mary,  Anna  R.  and  Emma.  Mr.  Prenger  has  been 
eng.iged  in  the  business  of  painting  for  the  last  thirty 
years,  and  is  enabled  by  his  extensive  experience  to 
turn  out  the  best  of  work.  He  owns  property  in  the 
city  to  the  amount  of  $1,000.  Himself  and  wife  arc 
members  of  the  Catholic  Church. 

PriK-tor  Jidiii  r.  dealer  In  Inmber.  308  \.  Waalilnirtan  street. 
I'rnlil  II.  shoe  maker,  lOi  N.  W.islitnff'on  street. 
Prolia.skl.  .lotin.  collar  maker.  113  s. AVaslilnRlun  street. 

PltOllMEIt  GEOUGE,  bakery,  821  N. 
Madison  street,  was  born  in  Germany,  Feb.  7,  1 846; 
emigrated  to  this  country  in  iSbb,  an<l  located  in 
I'eoria.  In  1867  went  to  Chicago  and  remained  there 
two  years,  when  he  returned  and  engaged  in  his  pres- 
ent business,  which  he  has  carried  on  successfully  since. 
Married  Kalliereim  Coindoevar  Dec.  3,  I  SOS,  a  native 
of  Germany  ;  came  to  the  I'nited  Stales  in  i860.  They 
have  three  children,  one  giti  and  two  Iwys.  They  are 
both   members   of  the    Lutheran   Churcli,    .mil   Nmih 


PEORIA  CITY  DIRECTORY. 


685 


Peoria  German  School  Association.     His  father  came 
to  this  country  in  1S53.     In  politics  a  Liberal. 
Prosch  .\UKust,  pl.istf'rcr.  3'.;7  Giillatiii  street. 

PKEIS  HENRY,  veterinary  surgeon,  206  S. 
Washington  street,  was  born  in  Germany,  Dec.  20, 
1823  ;  came  to  the  United  States  in  1844  and  located 
in  New  York  city,  where  he  remained  a  short  time  ; 
thence  to  Buffalo,  N.  Y.,  where  he  stayed  a  short  time. 
In  1S55  came  to  Peoria,  where  he  has  followed  his  oc- 
cupation since.  Married  Miss  Kate  Kilshoffer.  She 
was  born  in  Prussia  in  1S42.  There  were  three  chil- 
dren by  this  union,  two  boys  and  one  girl.  Studied  in 
Denmark  ;  when  he  graduated  there  went  to  Ham- 
burgh, where  he  prosecuted  his  profession,  and  after- 
wards to  America. 

Piircell  .1.  E.,  U.  S.  store  keeper,  res.  315  McDouRal  street. 
Purcell  Ja.s.  .stock  yards,  res.  1804  S.  WashinBtoii  street. 
Purcell  John.  res.  1017  First  street. 
Purtsclier  Tlioina^.  fruits,  etc.  206  S.  Water  street. 
Puscliel  Mrs.  M.  917  Hale  street. 

PUTERBAUGH  GEORGE,  attorney,  118 
N.  Adams  street. 

PITERBAUGH    S.    D.    attorney,    118    N 

Adams  street. 

Piitnian  Wm .  conductor  T.  P.  &  W.  res.  804  Monson  street. 
Pj-  Kniil.  engineer,  res.  309K  W.  Jelterson  street. 

QUALMAN  CHARLES,  boot  and  shoe 
dealer,  S.  .\dams  street,  near  Main. 

Quien  F.  hardware  dealer.  217  .S.  Adams  street. 

ouinn  .\I.  c.  attorney  at  law. 

Rabold  .larol),  malt,  res.  ItilO  S.  Wa-^liinpton  street. 

Race  Wm.  laborer,  res.  Ill  Gallatin  street. 

RalelBh  Thos.  T.  P.  A-  W.  shops. 

Kiimsilen  John,  wcll-diKKer.  :il4  SlcDoufflas  street. 

K:iii-l:ill  Wlllard,  U.  S.  niuitr'-j ,  res.  Ititi  Gav  street. 

Ranny  J.  K.  manager  t.-l(.(;ru|ili  W.  U..  A.  &  P..  and  A.  D. 

Rankin  I.,  li.  .Mrs.  re.s.  1110  .M^iln  street. 

Kapp  Fred  E.  butctier,  res.  207  Birket  street. 

Rattie  Henry,  U,  S.  store  keeper,  res.  109  Tliird  street. 

RAWSON  SAMUEL,  grocer,  1032  N.  Mon- 
roe street,  was  born  in  Ashtabula  county,  Ohio,  Janu- 
ary 22,  1S33,  and  remained  there  until  1S52,  when  he 
started  out  to  see  something  of  the  country  he  was  born 
in,  and  has  wandered  around  a  great  deal  since  then. 
He  served  an  apprenticeship  to  the  trade  of  carpenter, 
and  has  worked  at  it  in  various  places  for  ten  years, 
often  taking  contracts  and  employing  several  hands  in 
their  execution.  In  course  of  his  wanderings  he  pulled 
up  at  Pike's  Peak,  and  was  there  during  part  of  the 
years  1859  and 'f)0.  From  thence  removed  to  Iowa; 
has  taught  over  twenty  district  schools  in  this  and  other 
.States  ;  came  to  Peoria  in  1876,  and  was  for  two  years 
assistant  teaclier  in  Parish's  Commercial  College  ;  began 
business  for  himself  at  his  present  location  in  the  latter 
part  of  1878,  and  conducts  a  good  and  increasing  busi- 
ness. Mr.  Rawson  is  a  strictly  temperate  and  moral 
man,  although  unconnected  with  any  church. 

Reed  I.onisa  J.  Mr.s.  boarding,  311  Harrison  street. 

Rfi-d  P.  laliorerT.  1'.  <t  \V.  shops,  res.  716  Hnritmt  street. 

Uei'dir  Robt.  F.  fireman,  res.  2000  S.  Washington  street. 

REEX  AUGUST  W,  H.  druggist,  303  Main 
street,  was  born  in  Gesecke  Westphalia,  Prussia,  March 


27,  1S25.  and  is  the  son  of  Clemens  N.  and  Francisca 
(Finke)  Rcen,  both  of  whom  were  natives  of  Westpha- 
lia, lie  was  raised  and  educated  in  his  native  town, 
and  learned  the  drug  business  with  Frank  F.abro,  in 
Lippstadt,  with  whom  he  remained  from  1842  to  '4S, 
removing  thence  to  Muenster  and  resided  there  until 
1854,  while  there  serving  his  term  in  the  army  as  mili- 
tary pharmacist ;  moved  from  there  to  Schwerte  upon 
the  Ruhr,  where  he  remained  until  1858,  and  in  Sep- 
tember of  the  same  year  sailed  from  Bremen  in  theS.  S. 
Ilarmonia,  and  landed  at  New  York  in  the  early  days 
of  October.  He  at  first  settled  in  Chicago,  where  he 
was  employed  as  drug  clerk,  and  in  August,  i860,  re- 
moved to  Peoria,  where  he  has  ever  since  resided.  Af- 
ter some  years  he,  in  company  with  Fritz  Renter, 
bought  out  his  employer  (B.  F.  Miles),  and  together 
carried  on  the  business  until  May,  1868,  when  the  part- 
nership was  dissolved  and  Mr.  Reen  assumed  sole  con- 
trol of  the  business.  He  has  since  profitably  continued 
it,  carrying  a  stock  of  about  $6,000,  and  does  a  yearly 
business  of  $25,000.  He  married  in  Peoria,  October 
12,  1S61,  Mrs.  Maria  Ruediger,  widow  of  Frederick 
Reudiger,  and  daughter  of  Charles  Reudiger,  a  native 
of  Stuttgart,  Germany,  by  whom  he  has  had  seven  chil- 
dren, three  now  alive —  Clemens,  August  and  Annie. 
Mr.  Reen  is  P.  M.  of  Schiller  Lodge.  No.  335,  A.  F.  & 
A.  M.,  and  has  been  president  of  the  Peoria  German 
School  Association.  He  owns  his  residence  and  the 
lot  on  which  it  stands,  at  207  Hancock  street. 

Reiider  Henry,  bx.  yd.  res.  900  Seventh  avenue. 

Reicliardt  G.  P.  grocer,  223  First  street. 

Reid  Peter,  res.  918  Third  street. 

Reigle  Anton,  carpenter  T.  P.  Ji  VV.  104  S.  Madison  street. 

Reiger  E.  Iilacksmitli,  538  .S.  .\dams  street. 

Reiliy  Patrick,  iuliorer,  res.  1364  .S.  Washington  street. 

Reising  A.  cooper,  303  Hnrlbiit  street. 

Kesenburg  Mrs.  res.  218  W.  Madison  street. 

Reus  E.  C.  hook  binder,  322  W.  Mudisou  street. 

REUTER  JOHN  B.  boot   and  shoe   maker, 

405   S.    Washington   street,    was    born    in    Germany, 

December   14,    1832,  and  is   the   son  of  Thomas   and 

Anna  (Schmidt)  Renter,  natives  of  that  country.     He 

learned  his   trade   in  his  native  country,  and  came  to 

America  in   1853,  landing  at  Quebec ;    worked  at  his 

trade   in   Hamilton,  Canada,  for  two   years,  and  then 

moved  to   Evansville,  Ind.,  and  after  a  short  slay  went 

to  New  Orleans,  where  he  remained  till  1862,  removing 

in  that  year  to   New  York,   where   he   remained   three 

years.     He   married    in    New  Orleans  June   14,   1859, 

Miss  Elizabeth  Muller,  a  native  of  Germany,  by  whom 

he  has  three  children  —  Fred,  Charles  and  John.     He 

came   to  Woodford   county  in  1865,  and  staying  there 

but   a   short  time  returned  to  New  Orleans,  and  there 

resided  till  1872,  when  he  came  to  Peoria  and  has  ever 

since  made  it  his  home.     He  turns  out  fine  work  and 

has  a  good  class  of  customers. 

Reynolds  Wm.  pork  packing,  res,  403  W,  Madison  street, 

RHExV    ELIAS  P.  dealer  in  farm  machinery, 
213  S,  Washington  street,  was  born  in   Preble  co\inty, 


696 


HISTORY   OF   PEORIA   COUNTV' 


Ohio,  in  1831,  and  was  reared  there  on  a  farm.  Jehu 
Rhea  married  Elitabcth  Harris  in  Tennessee,  and 
settled  in  Preble  county  about  18*5.  Ten  children 
blessed  their  union,  of  whom  Elias  is  the  youngest. 
The  p.-irents  both  died  leaving  him  an  orphan  at  ten 
years  of  age.  He  enjoyed  the  advantages  of  the  com- 
mon schools,  and  followed  farming  till  thirty  years  old. 
Married  Phebe  Paddock,  of  Ohio  in  1854.  Came  to 
Peoria  county  three  years  later.  In  1865  engaged  in 
the  sale  of  farm  machinery;  and  in  1873  began  a 
jobbing  business  in  the  same  line,  as  traveling  salesman. 
Since  November,  1879,  Mr.  Rhea  has  been  a  member 
of  ihe  firm  of  Martin  Brothers  &  Co.  The  house 
handles  all  kinds  of  farm  machinery  at  both  wholesale 
and  retail,  and  have  an  extensive  trade.  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Rhea  have  four  children,  two  of  each  sex;  Robert  L., 
bookkeeper  for  Kingman  &  Co.,  Elias  B.,  Emma  J., 
and  Cora  B.  Mr.  Rhea  is  a  member  of  A.  F.  &  A.  M., 
and  of  the  Knighls  of  Honor. 

RtceC.  H,  piiKlnear  ft.  Harrison  Mrecl.  res.  518  Hancock  iitrcet. 
Rtre  J.  leamslvr,  2U3  Kim  slreiU 

RICE  JAMES  M.  attorney  at   law,  303  .Main 

street. 

RIcp  M    Mr».  407  W.  M.^llson  street. 

Rlrharils  riias.  spice  milln,  117  Hainllion  street. 

K!cliar(l5oM  K.  sawyer.  .301  N.  W.-iler  street. 

RU-lianlsoii  l-'rank  I>.  enKliieer.  T.  }•.  A-  W. 

Itlrhanls'in  M.  S.  Mr«.  res.  911  .SUtli  street. 

Kli-liinotiil  Wni.  Jeweler.  2'J9  S.  -Vdanis  street. 

KIrkliv  Jaro'..  Iiciol  ami  shoe  nifr.  aiO  S.  M.'i'llson  street. 

KIEMEXSCHXEIDEK  HENRY,  (de- 
ceased.)  res.  of  widow,  204  Liberty  street,  was  born  in 
I.ippstadi,  Prussia,  March  20,  1828,  and  was  there 
raised  and  e<lucated.  Also  learned  the  trade  of  cigar 
maker.  He  married  in  February,  1853,  Miss  Wilhel- 
mina  Kraemer,  a  native  of  Gucterslow,  Prussia,  by 
whom  he  had  two  children  —  Maria,  and  Henry  George, 
both  of  whom  were  tiom  in  Rhed.i,  Prussia.  He  came 
with  wife  and  family  to  America  in  1857,  landing  at 
New  Orleans  in  Pecember  of  that  year,  and  went 
slraight  up  the  river  to  St.  Louis,  where  he  resided  for 
about  one  and  a  half  years,  and  then  came  to  Peoria 
where  he  resided  and  carried  on  business  as  cigar  man- 
ufacturer for  about  twelve  years.  His  health  failing  he 
sold  out  his  business,  and  removed  to  Chicago  and 
thence  to  St.  Louis,  where  he  died  March  27.  1872. 
Immediately  afterwards  his  family  returned  to  Peoria, 
and  resumed  the  manufacture  of  cigars,  which  is  still 
carried  on  in  the  name  of  his  daughter.  Make  largely, 
all  grades  of  cigars  for  local  trade. 

KlleaS.  W.  hrakeman  C  11   .1  Q.  res.  1704  N.  Adami  itrMI, 

KIley  r»l.  res.  321  Merrlnmn  street. 

Klley  Win.  I»l>.>rer.  res.  '.'OR  Mrllei  nolils  strwC 

itoach  I'at.  res    I3H7S.  A<l>nis  street. 

ROBERTS  .lOIIN  I>.  U.  S.  t;»uger,  office 
collector  of  internal  revenue,  corner  Main  and  Wash- 
ington streets.  Was  lK>rn  in  Clermont  counly,  Ohio, 
March  21,  1835,  and  is  the  son  of  Washington  Roberts 
and  .Sarah  Cramer.  His  father  wa»  a  native  of  Maine, 
and  his  mother  of  Ohio.     He  was  raised   in  his  native 


county  till  twenty  years  of  age,  and  there  received  his 
education,  moving  with  his  parent.-  in  1855  to  Stark 
county.  111.,  and  settling  near  Wyoming,  where  he 
learned  the  trade  of  carpenter  and  joiner,  and  worked 
at  it  in  the  locality  and  also  in  other  parts  of  the  State 
for  several  years.  He  settled  down  on  a  farm  in  Tri- 
voli  township,  of  Peoria  county,  and  married,  January 

7,  1862,  Miss  Mary  Matthis,  a  daughter  uf  Martin  and 
Rachxl  Matthis,  natives  of  Illinois,  who  was  bom  in 
Trivoli  township,  Januarj-  7, 1842.  and  by  whom  he  has 
had  three  children,  two  now  alive  —  Loretta  Jane  (de- 
ceased), Martin  Albert,  and  Minnie  Olive.  After  a  few 
years  on  his  farm,  he  engaged  in  the  grocery  business, 
at  Vates  City,  Knox  county.  III.,  which  he  carried  on 
till  he  received  his  appointment  as  internal  revenue 
ganger  in  1873.  when  he  sold  out  his  business  and  re- 
moved with  his  family  to  Peoria,  where  he  has  since  re- 
sided. While  in  Yates  City  he  filled  for  some  years 
the  offices  of  alderman  and  city  treasurer.  Mrs.  Rob- 
erts is  a  member  of  the  M.  E.  Church,  and  her  mother 
is  still  alive  and  a  resident  of  Trivoli  township. 

KolilMsnn.l.  Mrs  re».  1120  .s.  Aitains  street. 
Roliliisnn  W.  H.  Insuratiee.  '214  Main  street. 
Rnl>lst>n  .t  WorlhliiKtou.  attorneys.  107  N.  Jefferson  slr<vL 

ROBISOX  LESLIE,  attorney  at   law,  107  N. 
Jefferson  street.     Was  born    near  Detroit,  Mich.,  Aug. 

8,  1834,  and  is  the  son  of  James  and  Isabella  (Leslie) 
Robison,  natives  of  Abeideenshire,  Scotland,  who  came 
to  .America  and  settled  near  Detroit,  Mich.,  in  1831. 
They  removed  from  thence  to  Elm  Grove  township. 
Tazewell  county,  in  Ihe  Spring  of  1S37.  where  they 
still  reside.  Mr.  Robison  attended  the  common  school 
there,  and  the  academy  at  Tremont,  in  the  same  coun- 
ty,  and  afterwards  completed  his  education  by  attend- 
ing Knox  College,  Galesburg,  111.,  and  Yale  College, 
New  Haven,  graduating  from  the  latter  in  the  class  of 
'58.  He  afterwards  came  to  Peoria  and  read  law  in 
Ihe  offices  of  Hon.  E.  N.  Powell,  and  Hon.  Henry 
CIrove  ;  was  admitted  10  the  bar  at  Springfield,  by  ex- 
amination before  the  Supreme  Court,  and  was  on  that 
occasion  introduced  to  the  members  of  it  by  Abraham 
Lincoln,  who  was  then  practicing  there.  Mr.  Robison 
was  electe<l  mayor  of  Poori.i  in  1876.  upon  the  Repub- 
lican ticket,  and  acceptably  filled  Ihe  office  during  a 
term  of  two  years.  He  married.  July  7,  1864,  Miss 
Julia  Hallance,  daughter  of  Charles  llallance,  by  whom 
he  had  three  sons,  two  now  alive  —  Charles  W.  and 
Leslie.  His  wife  died  in  the  Spring  of  1871,  and  in 
June  of  the  following  year  he  married  Mis*  Littie 
Rutherfortl.  his  present  wife. 

ROBIXSON  *  CALLENOER,  real  estate 
ami  insurance  agents.  314  Main  siirc:. 
Korhe  J.  Mrs.  res.   100  Jacksun  street 

ROESSLER  EREI>'K,  citjat  m.inufacturer. 
1015  N.  Adams  street.  Was  born  in  Hei'Iclberg,  Ha- 
den.  June    16,  1845,  and   is  the   son  of   Frederick  and 


PEORIA  CITY   DIRECTORY. 


687 


Elizabeth  Roessler,  natives  of  that  city.  lie  came  to 
America  with  his  mother  when  about  seven  years  of 
age.  landing  at  New  York,  where  he  resided  for  four 
years,  and  then  in  June,  1856,  came  to  Peoria,  where 
he  has  since  lived.  He  learned  his  trade  of  cigar 
maker  there  ;  and  has  worked  at  it  all  his  life;  manu- 
factures generally  for  local  trade.  His  father  died  be- 
fore he  came  to  America,  and  his  mother  still  lives  and 
resides  with  him.  He  is  a  member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F. 
Western  Lodge  No.  295,  of  Peoria. 

Rogers  .1.  T.  lumber.  332  S.  Adama  street. 

Rogers  N.  B.  fireman,  C.  R.  I.  &  P.  res.  814  N.  Monroe  street. 

ROGERS  J.  T.  &  CO.    lumber   merchants, 

322  S.  .Vdams  street. 

RoeRV  N.  teamster,  324  W.  Jefferson  street. 
Rohroack  I^.  millinery,  105  S.  .Jefferson  street. 
Rojalin  M.  .\.  Mrs.  res,  908  Siittli  street. 

ROJAHN  CHARLES,  marble  worker,  508 
Third  street ;  was  born  in  the  Kingdom  of  Hanover, 
Germany,  May  23,  1831,  and  is  the  son  of  Gottlieb  and 
Frederika  (Fisher)  Rojahn,  natives  of  Hanover.  He 
was  raised,  educated  and  learned  his  trade  at  home, 
and  in  1S53  came  to  America,  landing  at  Baltimore, 
June  19th  of  that  year.  He  first  went  to  Wheeling, 
W.  Va.,  and  worked  at  his  trade  there  for  about  two 
years,  and  during  the  next  year  traveled  about  through 
the  States  of  Iowa,  Ohio  and  Missouri,  marrying  in 
Newport,  Ky.,  June  15,  1856,  Miss  Mary  Wolf,  a  native 
of  Kentucky,  by  whom  he  has  had  five  children — Annie, 
Amelia,  Mary,  Louis  and  Frederika.  He  came  to 
Peoria  in  the  month  of  his  marriage,  and  has  since  re- 
sided there.  For  sixteen  years  he  worked  for  one  em- 
ployer, and  started  for  himself  in  the  Summer  of  1877. 
He  manufactures  all  kind  of  tombstones,  and  executes 
in  the  highest  style  of  the  art,  all  sorts  of  plain  and 
ornamental  marble  work.  He  owns  his  residence  and 
lot,  with  workshop  in  the  rear,  at  above  number,  and 
also  lot  and  building  on  the  corner  of  Third  and  Fisher 
Streets;  is  a  member  of  Western  Lodge,  No.  295,  I.  O. 
O.  F.,  and  of  Goethe  Lodge,  No.  8.  A.  O.  U.  W.  Him- 
self and  wife  are  adherents  of  the  Lutheran  Church. 

Rohlfs  R.  .J.  halter.  623  Franklin  street. 

Rohinan  P.  sexton,  w.  City. 

Roll  C.  proprietor,  Pekin  house,  614  S.  Water  street. 

Rollman  E.  res.  1218  N.  Monroe  street. 

Rose  Martin,  laborer,  res.  332  S.  Madison  street. 

RoseriberKer  L.  clerk,  res.  116.')  S.  Adams  street. 

Kcisenrielrl  Isaac,  sexton,  res.  100  W.  Jefferson  street, 

Rosenlilatl  R.  Mrs.  res.  202  .S.  Water  street. 

Roskoten  R.  pliyslclan,  res.  N.  Jefferson  street. 

ROSS  D.  D.,  M.  D.  103  S.  Adams  street. 

Roth  Nicholas,  undertaker.  416 S.  Adams  street. 
Roth  Wni.  saloon,  816  N.  Adams  street, 

ROMER  HERMAN,  saloon,  533  S.  Adams 
street  ;  was  born  in  Ettenheim,  Grand  Duchy  of 
Baden,  Germany,  November  ig,  1845,  and  is  the  son  of 
Benedict  and  Catherine  Romer,  natives  of  that  coun- 
try. He  came  to  America  in  1S66,  landing  at  New 
York  in  June  of  that  year,  and  coming  straight  to 
Peoria  has  ever  since  made  it  his  home.     He  was  en- 


gaged in  bu-^ness  as  barber  for  ten  years,  and  in  1876 
went  to  ChiL^go  and  was  for  a  year  in  partnership  with 
his  brother,  and  then  returned  to  Peoria  and  started  a 
saloon  on  his  own  account,  and  came  to  his  present 
location  in  September,  1877.  He  married  November 
21,  1871,  in  .St.  Louis,  Miss  Magdalena  Meuli,  a  native 
of  Peoria,  by  whom  he  has  had  five  children,  four  of 
whom  are  now  living — Otto,  Julius,  Lottie  and  Her- 
man. 

Rotterman  C.  F.  tailor.  306  Smith  street. 
Rotterman  V.  cooper,  res.  705  Fourth  street. 

ROSENTRETER  FRANK  L.  watchmaker, 

327  ,S.  Adams  street,  was  born  in  Prussia,  Feb.  28,  1839, 
and  is  the  son  of  August  R.  and  Henrietta  (Schultz) 
Rosentreter,  natives  of  that  country.  He  came  alone 
to  America  in  1858,  landing  at  New  York  in  October 
of  that  year.  Came  first  to  Chicago,  and  after  a  short 
stay  removed  to  near  Lacon  in  Marshall  Co.,  where  he 
resided  for  two  years,  and  then  removed  to  Peoria  in 
i860,  and  after  a  residence  of  about  six  months,  went 
to  Roanoke,  Woodford  Co.,  111.,  where  for  two  years 
he  farmed,  and  then  started  business  as  watchmaker  in 
Pekin,  111.,  until  May  1863,  when  he  enlisted  in  Co.  F. 
139th  I.  V.  I.  in  the  one  hundred  day  service.  He 
served  principally  in  Kentucky  and  Missouri,  and  after 
being  mustered  out  in  the  September  following,  re- 
enlisted  as  a  veteran  in  the  32nd  I.  V.  I.  as  a  musician 
and  served  until  the  close  of  the  war,  when  he  was 
mustered  out  at  Springfield,  and  coming  to  Peoria 
worked  for  Mr.  Ehrler  as  watchmaker  for  nearly  two 
years.  He  married  June  18,  1868,  at  Lacon,  111.,  Miss 
Mary  Scherff,  a  native  of  New  York,  by  whom  he  has 
had  six  children,  four  now  alive  ;  Albert,  Frank,  Hen- 
rietta and  Ida.  After  marriage  he  started  business  for 
himself  at  Lacon,  then  removed  to  DesMoines,  Iowa, 
where  he  remained  three  years,  and  coming  back  to 
Peoria  in  1872  started  his  present  business  and  has  since 
resided  there.  He  also  deals  largely  in  singing  birds  of 
all  kinds.  Himself  and  wife  are  members  of  the  Evan- 
gelical Association. 

ROTH.\N  UEORGE  J,  620  Johnson  street, 
carpenter  and  stair  builder,  son  of  John  and  Gertrude 
Rothan,  natives  of  Germany,  who  came  to  the  United 
•States  in  1838,  and  located  in  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  where 
they  still  reside.  The  subject  of  this  sketch  was  born 
in  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  April  23,  1851,  was  reared  to  the 
trade  and  received  a  common  school  education.  Came 
to  Peoria  in  1873,  worked  for  Harschbirger  about  four 
years,  and  in  1878  commenced  his  present  business. 
Married  Miss  Rose  Emma  Beckenhaupt.  She  was 
born  in  Ohio.  There  were  three  children,  one  of  whom 
is  living,  Chas.  A.,  born  June  10,  1876.  Members  of  the 
Catholic  Church.  Mr.  R.  is  a  young  energetic  business 
man,  and  by  close  attention  to  business  and  fair  dealing 
is  working  a  good  trade. 


688 


HISTORY  OF  PEORIA  COUNTY. 


Rr.MK*.    Mr-     M     r.*    ..r     M  j,  I  ri   s.,  .1   .. 

H.. 
K. 

Rti.  -  ,  -  . 

HuifK'  ft     II    k'r.i;t,     r.'ii  ^    \%  .»-Iiii4g;..ii  ?.lrf-ct. 
Rulr  K.  rrl.  3U9  U*ll  nlrnl 

RULEY  SAMUEI,  H.,  carpenter.  eislSecond 
sireet,  was  bom  in  Ohio  June  29,  1818 ;  came  to 
Peoria  in  1851,  and  commenced  carpentering,  which 
occupation  he  has  since  followed.  He  married  in 
1851  Miss  Rebecca  J.  Ditto,  who  was  born  in  Penn- 
sylvania June  30,  1827,  by  whom  he  has  had  ten 
children,  only  three  of  whom  are  now  living,  Allis, 
Emma,  Belle,  and  Robert  G.  Mr.  Ruley  is  a  member 
of  the  M.  E.  Church. 

Rii""- w  )■    ■....>,..r   uM  V    M    •■'    •  sirept. 

Rm  ,.[. 

Ku  -oil  $tr(>et8. 

Hy.'  ;;iiin  street. 

R).->n  .r.,I.L,  r.--    I.ir,ii,.  [I    ||,-u-,  . 

KYAX  JOHN  «Jr.,  beer,  ale,  and  porter, 
bottler,  219  Bridge  street,  was  born  in  Peoria  Jan.  19, 
1854,  and  is  the  son  of  John  and  Ellen  (Carrigan) 
Ryan.  His  father  was  a  native  of  county  Tipperary, 
Ireland,  who  came  to  America  in  1845,  and  died  in 
Peoria  August  2:,  1879.  His  mother  is  from  Kil- 
kenny, Ireland,  and  still  resides  in  the  city.  Mr.  Ryan 
was  raised  and  educated  in  Peoria,  and,  after  one  year 
in  the  employ  of  the  T.  P.  &  W.  R.  R..  entered  that  of 
Gipps  it  Co.,  brewers,  and  for  six  years  kept  their 
books.  He  commenced  business  for  himself  as  beer 
bottler  in  .\pril  14,  1S79,  buying  out  the  firm  of  Oscar 
Furst  &  Co..  at  present  location.  He  bottles  at  rale  of 
one  thousand  barrels  annually  of  Gipps  &  Co.'s  lager 
beer,  and  ships  it  all  over  the  State  of  Illinois.  Much 
is  also  sold  in  the  city,  and  his  trade  is  rapidly  in- 
creasing. This  he  accounts  for  by  the  growing  appre- 
ciation by  the  public  of  the  merits  of  Gipps  &  Co.'s 
beer,  it  having  successfully  stood  the  most  searching 
chemical  analysis,  as  to  its  quality  and  puriiy,  and  also 
to  the  care  wiih  which  it  is  bottled.  Write  him  for  prices. 
He  also  keeps  on  hand  such  quantities  of  bottlers'  sup- 
plies, that  he  is  able  to  furnish  complete  bottlers'  out- 
fili  at  the  shortest  notice  and  on  the  most  reasonable 
terms. 

Kyftn  I*.  latMircr,  r*"«.  100  Crow  nirret. 

Ryan  .Sl«-liln-ii  rariifiilir,  51(1  Sllillh  atrrrL 

Rvom  K<fw,irit  l».  ImxiIc  tttritli-r.  ri'».  :Jl?i  Knnrili  utrc^t 

Mali>  ri.uit  ().  c-irp'lil.r    T   !•   A  W.  ri...  41IN  Mi'llmn  street. 

N»liill.urg  ivirr,  r.-<    10,  M.|t.-)  ii..lil«  «lr«'it. 

HinlurilSI    II.  rij.  1 1  n  .S.-c   ji.Mircrl. 

SANI)->H;Vi:it  II.,  dciler  in  hardware,  stoves, 
etc-,  119 -S- Adams  street.  This  business  has  been  in 
exi'tance  for  upwards  of  thirty  year«,  and  has  been 
conducted  by  Mr.  Sandmeyer  since  1S54.  He  carries 
an  extensive  and  well  selected  stock  of  all  kinds  of 
stoves,  shelf  hardware  and  house  furnishing  goods, 
which  seldom  falls  hclnw  $20,000. 

S.VLM   ('.X.SlMCIt,  saloon.  1421  S.  Washington 


R«nll»on  llonrr,  rr«.  1I0»  Klml  itrMt. 
Hcaulun  Mary,  720  Wa)  no  itrsrl. 


«    Walfr  MreeL 
-oIilti^oD  street. 
».t. 


1  and  KooxTllle  road. 
:reeL 


Seanlon  Thonii-  '■■■" 

Stiiafer  I'   F    I 
Schaft-r  .laiip 
Seljafrr  Ceti-i, 
.:li»cht  Kre.1 
•ebe'il  Ji.hrt  t 
8chelr«r  L   L 

Hi-hi-nitiR  J.,  Kf T,-.i  * 

Sehrri'tii  KhiUlp.  tiotrl.  HnUice   r«ir.  .\flatiit. 
Setiining  J09..  Rrorer.  901  S.  .\daius  strevt. 

SCHILLKIt  C.  11.  (of  Schiller  &  Marks),  210 
Fulton  street,  was  born  in  Germany,  August  22,  1841. 
and  is  the  son  of  John  and  Catherine  (Hoffman)  Schil- 
ler, natives  of  that  country.  He  was  raised  and  edu- 
cated there,  and  learned  something  of  his  father's  bu-.!- 
ness  of  cotton  weaving.  Came  to  America  in  1S62, 
landing  at  New  Vork  in  Summer  of  that  year-  He 
came  to  El  Paso,  Illinois,  where  he  resided  for  about 
one  and  a  half  years,  and  removed  to  Peoria  in  1S64. 
There  he  clerked  in  various  stores  for  seven  years,  and 
afterwards  traveled  on  the  road  for  two  years,  finally 
engaging  in  his  present  business,  which  he  has  since 
continued.  He  married,  in  October.  1S67,  .Miss  Kath- 
erina  Klick,  a  native  of  Berks  county,  Pennsylvania, 
who  came  to  Kane  county,  Illinois,  when  very  young, 
by  whom  he  has  four  children — Amanda,  William,  John 
and  Ida.  He  owns  his  residence  and  lot,  corner  of 
Underbill  and  College  streets, 

SCHE>IBES  J.\COB,    grocer  and  provision 

dealer,  icoo  N.  Adams  street. 

SchMllriK  Mary  A..  'e».  IS*  Irvlnic  street. 
Scbtmpli  r..  res.  303  First  sireet. 

SCHIMPFF  UrOOLPH  A.  grocer,  203  S. 

Madison  street,  wjs  born   .March   13,   1S36,  in  Bavaria. 

Germany,  and  emigrated  to  the  United  States  in  1S50. 

with  his  parents,  who  located  in  Peoria.     In   1S59   Mr. 

S.  embarked  in  the  grocery  business,  and  by  fair  dealing 

and  close  attention   to  business,  has  built  up  a  good 

trade.     Married  Miss  Henrietta  Heaedicke,    Februar)' 

8,  1865.     She  was  born    in   Woodford  county,  Illinois, 

October  21,  1843,  and  came  to  Peoria  county  in    1865. 

They  have  two  children,  both  girls,  Louisa,  born  Oclo- 

ber  4,  1868,  Anna,  born  January  17,  187;. 

.<irtillnk  J.  y..  res.  410  I-llxrly  street. 
Sriilliik  v..  rea.  SIS  Tlilr.1  street. 
Schmidt  ('.  ChaiiirM-rn  mreef  11.  rlty. 

SCII.MIDT     ClIAItLES    T,     butcher,    617 

Main  street. 

Srhnildl  John.  SJS  New  sireet. 

.'4chnil(li  J.,  Tliieitar  niaitufaeturer,  103  Kvans  street- 

SCHNEBLY    G.    W.    U.  S.  storekeeper,  ret. 

263  Bluff  street,  born  in  Washington  county,  Maryland. 

June  21, 1821.  came  with  parents  to  Peoria  county  in  1835 

and  worked  on  farm  until    Kail  of  1841.     Went  west  to 

to  see  the  sights  of  the  gold  regions,  came  back,  and  in 

1850  was  married  to  Margaret  Cox.     She  was  bom  in 

Pennsylvania  in  1829.    They  have  seven  children — Julia 

B.,  George  W.,   Willie  G.,  Dolla  C.  Robert  M.,  Susie 

^-  ^'^'KRic  I^-     ^^'iti  in  the  grain  and  milling  business 

at    Mossvillc  from   1861    to    1873,  and  station  agent  at 

same  place  for  number  of  years.     In  1875  came  to  Peo- 


PEORIA  CITY  DIRECTORY. 


689 


ria,  where  he  was  appointed  U.  S.  storekeeper,  in  which 
capacity  still  serves.     Is  Republican  in  polities. 

SchniUlt  Lxmls.  carpenter,  res.  309  New  street. 
Schinidi  F.  Mrs.  res.  149  Clav  street. 
Schnajih  A.  H.  florist.  1507  Periv  street. 
Schnebly  <j.  W.  store  kt'ej-er.  res'.  UbS  BUiir  Street. 
SehneUIer  A.  res.  307  New  sirt'et. 
Schneider  C.  tailor,  '.1(17  s.  WasliinRton  street. 
Schneider  C.  Mrs.  res.  411  S.  Adatns  street. 
Schneider  John,  whitesmith.  410  Fulton  street. 
Sclineider  Jos.  gardener,  res.  Second  street. 

SCHNEIDER  BERNAKD,  U.  S.  store- 
keeper, res.  922  S.  Adams  street. 

SCHIfEIDER  JOITN",  cutler  and  grinder, 
410  Fulton  street,  was  born  in  the  canton  of  Berne, 
Switzerland,  Feb.  6,  1S45,  and  is  the  son  of  Simon  and 
Anna  (Steiner)  Schneider,  natives  of  that  canton.  He 
was  raised,  educated  and  learned  the  trade  of  cutler 
there,  and  came  to  America  in  1867,  landing  at  New 
York  on  Oct.  22  of  that  year.  He  came  straight  to 
Peoria,  where  he  has  ever  since  resided.  For  the  next 
nine  years  he  worked  as  journeyman,  and  three  years 
ago  started  for  himself  at  his  present  location.  He 
married,  June  10,  1S70,  Pauline  Meyer,  a  native  of  Al- 
sace, France,  born  there  Dec.  26,  1847,  and  who  came 
to  America  with  her  parents  in  August,  1867,  by  whom 
he  has  had  six  children,  five  now  alive  :  Bertha,  Albert 
(deceased),  John,  Albertine,  Albert  and  Pauline.  He 
owns  his  business  property  and  resides  above  it.  He 
and  his  wife  are  members  of  the  Apostolic  Christian 
Church. 

Schock  Clias.  distiller,  res.  S.  Water  street. 
Schock  Marx,  barber.  1135  S.  Adams  street. 
Schoenut  Gen,  carpenter,  res.  313  W.  .Jeffersou  street. 
Scboenut  G.  W.  liarber.  res.  203  North  street. 
Sctiolev  Thos.  machinist,  res.  110  N.  Favette street. 
.Schradski  A.  clothing.  10*^  .\dams  street. 
Schradskl  J.  olothinp,  ylT  Main  street. 
Schroder  .Totin.  blacksmitliiiif,'.  -205  Bridge  street. 
Schroder  W.  carpenter.  304  Seventli  street. 
.SchuleF.  alcohol  runner,  res.  208  Walnut  street. 
.Schuster  Adam,  cooper,  res,  1600  S.  WasliiiiRtou  street. 
Schultz  Frederick,  res.  1407  S,  Wiishln;i:lM[i  street. 
Schwab  J,  F,  carpenter,  res.  211  .'>t'vriitb  slit-i-t, 
Schwabecker  H.  liquor  dealer.  216  s.  Ua*!ilii«ton  .street. 
Schwabecker  J,  liquor  dealer.  21b  .S,  Washington  street, 
Schwai-tt  Henry,  printer,  res.  1338  S.  Adams  street. 
Schwartzman  D.  hats,  caps,  etc.  219  JIain  street. 
.Schwemboia  C.  F.  harness  maker,  429  S.  Washington  street. 
Schwerm  ,Iohn  H.  bricklayer,  res.  803  W.  Jeltersou  street. 

SCHROEDER     JOHN,     blacksmith,    205 

Bridge  street. 

SCHWAB  ERNEST  A.  &  JOHN,  car- 
penters and  builders,  are  sons  of  Fred  C.  and  Philli- 
pinea  E.  Schwab.  Ernest  was  born  in  Germany  in 
1S52 ;  John  was  born  in  Peoria  in  1854.  Their  father 
died  in  the  city  in  1874  ;  mother  is  still  living.  The 
brothers  were  educated  in  the  city  schools  ;  John  took 
a  course  in  Cole's  Business  College.  They  both  learned 
the  carpenter  trade,  and  Ernest  started  in  the  building 
business  in  1873  ;  John  joined  him  two  years  later  ;  they 
were  in  partnership  over  three  years,  and  are  now  work- 
ing together.  Ernest  married  Anna  Barthbom,  in  1878, 
in  Erie,  Penn.  He  owns  a  homestead  in  the  city,  and 
does  a  general  contracting  and  building  business. 
John  married  Louise  Kohler  in  1S75,  a  native  of  Peo- 
ria.    Have  two  children:   Herman  C.  and  ,\melia  B. 

SCHWARTZENBACH     GEO.  boot   and 


shoe  maker,  Plank  road,  near  S.  Adams  street,  was 
born  in  Germany,  May  14,  1845,  and  is  the  son  of  Ja- 
cob and  Katherina  Schwartzenbach,  natives  of  that 
country.  He  was  raised  and  learned  his  trade  at  home, 
and  came  to  America  in  1S71,  landing  at  New  York  in 
July  of  that  year,  and  came  to  Peoria,  where  he  worked 
at  his  trade  as  journeyman  for  several  years,  and  then 
started  for  himself.  He  married,  Aug.  5,  1872,  Dora 
Fink,  a  native  of  Germany,  who  came  to  America  with 
her  parents  in  1870. 

Scott  E.  M,  res,  1,50  Clay  street. 
Scranton  R,  printer,  res,  417  Green  street, 

SEABURY  RICHARD  F.  retired,  S02  San- 
ford  street,  was  born  in  the  cityof  New  London,  Conn,, 
July  21,  1809.  His  father  was  Rev.  Charles  Seabury, 
whose  father  was  the  Rt.  Rev.  Samuel  Seabury,  the 
first  bishop  of  the  diocese  of  Connecticut,  and  also  the 
first  bishop  in  the  United  States.  Mr.  Seabury  emi- 
grated to  niinois  in  1836,  landing  in  Peoria  with  a  stock 
of  merchandise,  intending  to  commence  business  in  the 
city.  Traveling  from  New  York  in  company  with 
some  Tazewell  county  colonists,  he  was  induced,  unfor- 
tunately, to  go  to  Tremont,  and  disaster  instead  of 
prosperity  was  the  result.  After  various  vicissitudes, 
he  finally  came  again  to  Peoria,  in  1S45,  and  settled 
in  the  village  of  Kickapoo,  and  established  the  pioneer 
store  in  the  place,  and  was  appointed  postmaster ;  re- 
tained the  office  for  many  years,  and  was  removed  at 
the  instance  of  Owen  Lovejoy,  M.  C,  because  Mr,  Sea- 
bury was  a  Democrat.  During  the  Southern  Rebellion 
he  was  a  member  of  the  board  of  supervisors,  repre- 
senting the  town  of  Kickapoo.  Mr.  Seabury  removed 
to  the  city  of  Peoria  about  1865,  where  he  has  since, 
with  his  family,  resided.  The  wife  of  Mr.  S.  was  a 
daughter  of  Judge  John  E.  Russell,  of  Monticello,  N. 
Y.,  where  she  was  born.  They  have  eight  children, 
five  daughters  and  three  sons.  Samuel  and  Richard 
reside  in  Peoria,  Charles  in  Chicago  ;  and  one  daugh- 
ter, Mrs.  PL  C.  Stevens,  is  living  in  Winona,  Minn., 
one  in  New  York  and  three  at  home.  Mr.  S.  and  wife 
and  family,  are  members  of  the  Episcopal  Church. 

SEABURY  SAMUEL,  men's  furnishing 
goods,  215  Main  street.  \Vas  born  in  Tremont,  Taze- 
well county.  111.,  December  9,  1842,  and  is  the  son  of 
Richard  F,  Seabury  and  Catherine  Eliza  Russell.  His 
father  is  a  native  of  New  London,  Conn.,  and  his 
mother  of  New  York.  They  came  West  in  1836,  and 
his  father  was  for  many  years  engaged  in  the  mercan- 
tile business  in  Tremont.  When  four  years  old  the 
family  removed  to  Kickapoo  township,  of  Peoria  coun- 
ty, where  he  was  raised,  coming  to  I'eoria  city  in  1862, 
and  working  for  some  years  at  his  trade  of  carpenter, 
and  afterwards  engaged  in  the  wholesale  notion  busi- 
ness, under  the  firm  name  of  Chas.  Seabury  &  Co.  In 
1867  he  sold  out  his  interest,  and  engaged  in  his  pres- 


690 


HISTOnV   OF   PKORIA   COrXTY 


ent  line.  Has  made  a  »pecially  of  shins,  and  is  now 
engaged  in  their  manufacture,  meeting  with  great  suc- 
cess in  that  department  ;  has  represented  for  the  past 
two  years  Wanamaker's  tailoring  establishment  at  Phil- 
adelphia, and  during  that  time  has  taken  over  3. 500 
orders  for  suits.  He  married,  May  23,  1866,  at  Nor- 
mal, III.,  Miss  Isabella  Francis  Woodward,  a  native  of 
Ohio,  by  whom  he  has  had  four  children,  Edward  Fran- 
cis, William  Samuel,  Charles  Isabella  and  Fannie 
Mayo.  Mr.  Seabury's  parents  are  still  alive,  and  he  is 
one  of  a  family  of  eight  children,  four  of  whom  are 
married  and  have  families,  yet  this  large  family  circle 
has  never  been  broken  by  a  death. 

SEEHAAS  CHARLES  J.  M.  grocer,  1220 
N.  Monroe  street.  Was  born  in  Prusisia,  Europe,  in 
1822,  learned  the  cabinet  trade  and  carried  on  the  busi- 
ness there,  employing  eighteen  hands  for  nineteen 
years.  In  184S  he  married  Matilda  Lutiich  ;  came  to 
the  United  .States  in  1853;  lived  a  year  in  Chicago  ;  in 
1854  settled  in  Peoria;  was  five  yrars  employed  as 
foreman  in  a  furniture  manufactory  ;  started  a  furni- 
ture store  in  1863  ;  sold  out  three  years  after ;  superin- 
tended a  factory  in  Pekin,  Tazewell  county,  two  years ; 
returned  to  Peoria  and  continued  in  the  same  business 
until  1879,  when  he  purcha-sed  the  property  on  the  cor- 
ner of  Monroe  and  Spring  streets,  and  entered  the 
grocery  trade.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  S.  aje  the  parents  of  six- 
teen children,  six  living,  three  of  each  sex.  Mr.  .S. 
keeps  a  fine  stock  of  staple  goods  and  has  a  large  re- 
tail trade.     Is  a  member  of  I.  O.  O.  F.,  Lodge  295. 

SEILER  SAMUEL,  hardware,  215  S.  Wash- 
ington street. 

SEIPEL  J.  &  C  grocers  and  provision  deal- 
ers, 822  N.  Adams  street.  The  members  of  this  firm 
are  John  C.  and  Conrad  .Sei|>el  —  brothers  —  who  were 
both  born  in  Woodford  county,  III.,  the  former  January 
27,  1841,  and  the  latter  May  16,  1843.  They  are  the 
tons  of  Adam  J.  and  Anna  Mary  Seipcl,  natives  of  Ger- 
many, who  settled  in  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  in  the  P'all  of 
1838.  The  brothers  were  raised  and  educated  in  their 
native  county,  and  grew  to  manhood  on  the  homefaim. 
John  C.  came  to  Peoria  in  1869;  married  January  5, 
1875,  Miss  Mary  O.  Seipel,  a  native  of  his  own  county. 
Conrad  enlisted  September  20,  1864,  in  Co.  K.  44th  I. 
V.  I.,  and  served  with  it  till  the  close  of  the  jvar,  taking 
part  in  the  battles  of  Nashville.  Franklin,  Springhill 
and  Columbus,  Tenn.,  and  many  other  smaller  afTairs  ; 
was  mustered  out  at  Nashville,  Tenn.,  June  22,  1865. 
He  married  January  8,  1867.  .Miss  Katie  Weber,  a  na- 
tive of  Woodford  county,  by  whom  he  has  two  children 
—  Killa  and  .\rthur.  lie  came  to  Peoria  in  1872.  The 
brothers  have  been  in  partnership  in  their  present 
buiiness  for  over  four  years  ;  keep  a  general  utock  of 
groceries,  notions,  queensware,  etc.,  and  do  a  good 
butineu   both    to   city    and   country  cuitomen.     Both 


brothers  and  their  wives  and  families   are    members  of 
the  Catholic  Church. 

Scaliuo'  R-  •'  lioo1[-kfi-|)»r.  go:i  .San turd  <ir«eL 

R««r«  T.  108  KfitcMf  mrcft. 

Se^haju  riiu.  rari«-nl#T.  rt•^  141  <l.i\   ^^^eec 

Srilxilil  \V.  ([arilruiT.  S    \ 

SelilliT  A.  Mrs.  rcs.310  S  •  i- 

Si-lferl  K.  l»l>iirT.  r..    «!• 

SfiliT  Saniiiii  .')i-    i\  i.iiiiiirton  «r«*t. 

HcMiy  ,i;w.  iiif  ••*.  res.  cor.  Perry  and  Jackaon  St«. 

Hell))    W.  r.  .  .'10  Kill,  strort. 

Senilitw  II.  Rail  :        1.;  :^l(fe  street. 

Seward  W.  I",  r.■^.  J14  llahsel  Jlreet. 

SIEBOLD  AUGUST,  proprietor  of  the  Cen- 
tral Park  and  Sulphur  Spring,  N.  Adams  street,  was 
born  in  Germany,  leb,  13,  1843.  He  came  to  America 
with  his  parents  in  August  1854,  and  settled  in  Peoria. 
During  the  next  ten  years  he  assisted  his  father  in 
gardening,  and  in  the  Spring  of  1864  went  to  Cali. 
fornia,  reluming  to  Peoria  in  the  following  year.  He 
then  engaged  in  keeping  a  saloon  and  boarding  house, 
and  in  1876  look  charge  of  the  Central  Park,  recon- 
structing and  fitting  up  elegant  bath  rooms,  etc.,  in  con- 
nection  with  the  artesian  well  upon  the  grounds.  Has 
also  a  large  hall  and  garden  saloon,  and  is  prepared 
during  the  Summer  months  to  furni.sh  visitors  to  his  leafy 
bowers  with  every  comfort  necessary  to  their  happi- 
ness. He  married  in  October  1871,  Miss  Susan  Som- 
mer,  a  native  of  Woodford  Co.,  111.,  who  was  born  there 
in  February,  1S52.  by  whom  he  has  had  three  children. 
Paul,  Mary  and   Minnie. 

SIEBOLl>  FKEOERICK,  gardener.  S. 
.Adams  street  near  Moffalt's  cemetery,  was  born  in  June, 
iSl  1,  in  Germany,  where  he  was  raised,  and  devoted  his 
attention  to  the  culture  of  the  vine,  being  one  of  the 
most  experienced  and  practical  grape  growers  in  that 
country.  He  married  theie,  in  1838,  Miss  Frederika 
NeflT,  who  was  born  in  1S12,  by  whom  he  had  a  family 
of  eleven  children,  three  now  deceased,  and  the  others 
resident  in  Illinois,  Frederick.  Frederil.a,  Minnie, 
August,  William,  Caroline,  Ernest  and  Bertha.  He 
came  to  Peoria  in  1854.  direct  from  his  fatherland,  and 
has  since  devoted  his  attention  to  gardening.  He  owns 
twelve  acres  of  land  at  above  location,  worth  $300  per 
acre,  upon  which  he  raises  all  kinds  of  vegetables  in 
their  season. 
SlMint   I.Ir»>d.   cro'-er.  M3  Knnwlllc   roft4t. 

SIIICIMII'.KO.IOIIN.gardener.  152SS.  .\dams 
street,  was  born  in  Slealord,  Lincolnshire,  England, 
Nov.  oth,  1822.  Married  in  his  native  shire,  Dec.  2$, 
1844,  Miss  Eliia  Harpham  a  native  of  Lynn,  Norfolk- 
shire,  England.  He  emigrated  to  America  in  1845; 
settled  in  Milwaukee  for  three  years,  and  removed  to 
Peoria  in  September  1S50.  Hy  his  marriage  he  had  the 
following  children,  Benjamin  H.,  Iiorn  in  England 
1846,  William  F.,  born  October  14,  1848,  John  E.,  Itorn 
October  18,  1852,  Harry  A.,  born  June  17,  1855,  and 
Leopold,  born  Oec.  20,  1857,  and  died  January  31, 
■  86$. 

SHEP.VKI*   rll«)>l.\S,  ma»on,  res.  108  War- 


PEOUIA   CITY    DIRECTORY. 


691 


ren  street.  Was  born  in  Devonshiie,  England,  Dec. 
25.  1S25.  Came  to  the  United  States  whfn  he  was  a 
boy  eleven  years  old,  and  landed  in  New  York,  itiaking 
the  voyage  in  a  sailing  vessel  in  six  weeks.  Thence  to 
Buff.ilo,  N.  Y.,  where  he  remained  a  short  time.  Thence 
to  Pekin,  III.,  where  he  enlisted  for  the  Mexican  war, 
June  1847,  under  Col.  Ed.  Baker.  Took  boats  to  New 
Orleans  and  Braros  Santiago,  where  he  remained  a 
short  time.  Thence  to  Camp  Belknap  on  the  Rio 
Grande.  Was  in  the  battle  of  Cerro  Gordo,  and  taking 
of  Vera  Cruz.  Was  the  first  one  to  get  to  Gen.  Shields 
when  he  was  wounded.  Afterwards  was  discharged 
and  came  back  to  Pekin.  Married  Barbara  Yokel.  She 
was  born  in  Prussia ;  had  three  children.  Nelson,  Ran- 
dolph and  Mary.  Members  of  the  Presbyterian  Church. 
Democrat.  Mr.  S.  is  president  of  the  Veteran  Mexican 
Society.     Has  a  residence  valued  at  $Soo. 

Shaw  .Tolin  JI.  foreman  upholsterer.  116  Jlain  street. 

Shea  Tiniothv.  res.  916  Second  street. 

Shehan  Wni. 'laborer,  res.  i;04  First  street. 

Shelly  M.  res.  4ia  Hurlhllt  street. 

Shephard  W.  Frank,  foreman  Starch  works,  res.  1535  S.  Adams 

street. 
Sliereffer  David,  cooper,  res.  204  Merriraon  street. 
Sheridan  Ed.  No.  104  First  street. 
Sherman  H.  teamster.  2305  S.  Adams  street. 
tSherwood  Levi,  engineer,  res.  Tl.**  Wayne  street. 
Shoaff  .J.  T.  engraver.  121  S.  Jelfersou  street. 
Shockley  F.  mason.  Perry  street. 
Shonnah.'iii  .John,  laborer,  res.  Tyiig  street. 

SHROVE  ANN,  widow. 

Shruves  Martha,  res.  1S05  N.  Madison  street. 

SHUFELT  CHARLES  E.  dealer  in  fish 
and  oysters,  425  Main  street,  was  born  in  the  town  of 
Durham,  Lower  Canada,  February  14,  1847,  and  is  the 
son  of  Hiram  Shufelt  and  Sarah  Pettis,  natives  of  Can- 
ada ;  was  raised  and  went  to  school  there,  and  about 
1867  came  to  Illinois,  and  after  a  short  stay  in  Syca- 
more, went  to  Joliet,  where  for  three  years  he  was  in 
the  hotel  business.  Leaving  there,  he  went  East,  and 
during  the  next  eighteen  months  acted  as  attendant  at 
Nortliampton  Insane  Asylum,  Northampton,  Mass., 
and  at  Dr.  Butler's  Private  Retreat  at  Hartford,  Conn. 
Returning  to  the  West  he  engaged  in  the  hotel  busi- 
ness in  Chicago  for  about  a  year,  and  in  1874  came  to 
Peoria,  and  for  about  twenty  months  acted  as  clerk  and 
head  waiter  at  the  Peoria  House  ;  then  embarking  in 
his  present  business,  which  he  has  since  continued. 
Docs  the  largest  fish  bu  iness  in  the  city,  and  keeps  on 
hand  every  thing  in  that  line,  in  its  season.  Married 
in  Peoria,  July  23,  1877,  Miss  Florence  May  Pettefish, 
by  whom  he  ha?  one  child,  a  girl,  yet  unnamed,  born 
March  g,  1880.  at  3:40  r.  M.,  weight  twelve  pounds. 
Mrs.  Shufelt  is  a  member  of  First  M.  E.  Church. 

Shurlliff  N.  dealer  in  iiijuors,  etc.,  327  S.  Washington  street. 

Shutts  E.  D.  res.  217  Sixth  street. 

Siefker  A.  res.  209  Evans  street. 

Slegworth  L.  carpenter.  219  Hurlhut  street. 

Simmons  H.  C.  brakeniaTj.  200  Fh'st  street. 

Simiison  .John  M.res.  713  X.  Madison  street. 

Singer  John.  res.  2U7  S.  Madison  street. 

Singer  P.  J.  res.  717  -N.  Jelfersou  street. 

SINGER  BROTHERS,  job   printers,  104  S. 

Adams  street.     This  firm  is  composed   of  John  L.  and 


George  11.  Singer,  and  has  been  in  existence  since  July, 
1S77.  The  former  has  had  charge  of  the  business  since 
the  first.  Their  first  location  was  at  207  S.  Madison 
street,  and  they  came  into  their  present  commodious 
quarters  August  29,  1878.  They  make  a  specialty  of 
fine  commercial  printing,  and  have  by  strict  attention  to 
business  and  a  determination  not  to  be;Out-done,  either 
as  regards  the  quality  of  their  work,  or  its  cost,  built 
up  a  fine  and  steadily  increasing  business. 

SKIFFINGTON    MATTHEW,     saloon- 
keeper, end  of  street  car  track,  N.  Adams  street. 

Skinner  W.  W.  physician,  130  N.  Adams  street. 

Slatlerley  Mary,  res.  531  Hale  street. 

Sloan  E.  P.  attorney,  121  S.  Adams  street, 

Sloan  W,  G.  wholesale  grocer  316  to  318  S.  Water  street. 

Smartman  E.  painter,  res,  1113  S.  Adams  street. 

Smartnian  H.  carpenter,  704  S.  Washington  street. 

Smith  K.  teamster.  320  Greenleaf  street. 

Smith  Chas.  F.  208  Elizabefh  s  reel. 

Smith  (;has.  photographer,  cor.  Main  and  Madison  streets. 

SMITH  ELiDRICK,  130  N.  Adams  street. 

Smith  E.,  Jr.  res.  cor.  Adams  and  Hamilton  streets. 

Smith  F.  Mrs.  res.  215  Walnut  street. 

Smith  G.  Willis,  res.  707  N.  Adams  street. 

Smith  Geo.  W.  res.  707  N.  Adams  street. 

Smith  Harrison,  res.  cor.  Hale  and  Fayette. 

Smith  James  D.  engineer,  res.  1025  N.  .\dams  street. 

Smith  J.  H.  lumber,  res.  219  Moss  street. 

Smith  John  B.  banker,  res.  258  liluft  street. 

Smitli  J.  W.  plasterer,  412  Steubenville  street. 

SMITH  LEVI,  flour  and  feed  merchant,  205 
S.  Madison  street ;  was  born  in  Elmore,  I^amoille 
county,  Vermont.,  in  1835  ;  is  the  son  of  Samuel  Smith 
and  Betsy  Rood,  natives  of  Woodstock,  same  State. 
Mr.  S.  was  reared  on  the  farm  his  father  cleared  from 
the  native  forest  till  nineteen  years  of  age;  is  the 
youngest  of  ten  children,  three  sons  and  seven  daugh- 
ters. He  bought  his  time  at  nineteen  by  giving  his  note 
for  $100  for  a  year,  and  went  to  Springfield,  Mass.; 
was  two  years  in  a  wholesale  grocery  house ;  then 
started  West.  Arriving  in  Peoria  he  opened  a  fruit 
and  commission  store  on  Water  street,  conducted  it 
two  years  ;  sold  out  and  manufactured  confectionaries 
till  i860,  establishing  the  house  afterward  carried  on 
by  Frank  Field;  in  1861  was  appointed  route  agent 
in  the  U.  S.  railway  mail  service  between  Peoria  and 
Logansport,  Ind.,  held  the  position  over  seventeen 
years.  In  the  Fall  of  1873,  established  a  flour  store, 
hiring  a  manager  until  he  abandoned  the  mail  service, 
since  has  managed  it  himself,  and  does  both  wholesale 
and  retail  business,  selling  over  $2,000  per  month.  In 
1851),  he  married  Frances  Morrison,  of  Peoria,  born  in 
Chicago.  Have  had  four  children,  living  are  Jessie, 
Louise  and  Maurice  Levi.  Mr.  S.  is  a  charter  member 
of  the  Railway  Mail  Service  Benefit  Association,  and 
member  of  the  Royal  Arcana,  Lodge  No.  216. 

Smith  Philip,  letter  carrier. 
Smith  R.  A.  broker  202  Main  street. 

Smith  S.  S.  foreman  T.  P.  &  W.  car  shops,  211  N.  Elizabeth 
street. 

SMITH    THOMAS,    cooper,    res.    403   Pecan 

street,  was  born  in  Ross  county,  O.,  in  1833,  and  came 

to  Illinois   in   the   Fall  of  1855,  settling  at  Marshall, 

Clark  county ;    from  thence  he  moved  successively  to 


692 


HISTORY  OF  PEOUIA  COUNTY. 


Fort  Wayne  and  Terre  Haute,  Ind.,  removing  from 
the  latter  place  to  Peoria,  where  he  has  since  coming 
continued  to  work  at  his  trade.  He  married  August 
9,  1853,  Miss  E.  M.  Hoddy,  who  was  born  in  Marion, 
O.,  in  May,  1S31,  by  whom  he  has  had  four  children  : 
Annie  E.,  Marshall  T.,  Thomas  E.  and  Charles  F.  (de- 
ceased). Mr.  and  Mrs.  Smith  are  members  of  the  M. 
E.  Church,  and  also  of  the  Independent  Order  of 
Ancient  Templars. 

8n)Jer  A    I  >.nt  I'.  1".  A  J. 

Snyder  .1  ■  li  slrf«*t. 

SnyrtprM   .  1507  .N.  Monroe  street. 

.Soar  ,1.  r, -.  i^..  ..    ...  ilt-rscn  Htrcft. 

.Soiiiem  Mary.  rcji.  i5ol  .N.  Mofir-n-  »lre»;t, 
Sommers  T.  cIiTk.  res.  I'L-irik  rn:t,l. 
Spalh  Win.  Ullor.  rra.  110  M<  llraii  utreel. 
Sperk  C,  J.  botel.  S.  WaHhIiiirtuii  ^trc*-!. 
Spiniller  riiu.  rlirk.  in4S  WamiliiKtoii  iireeL 
Spllur  E.  rr?.  1617  S.  W.ViblnKloii  »lre.-t. 
Splr  Jafiir«  »;.  4llHtlll**r,  res.  -ioH  Hanillion  street. 
Spurk  .M.  I",  rm.  34.3  .Secuncl  utri'il. 

SPUKCK    PETEK    E,  (Spurck   &    Francis). 

distiller,  foot  Chicago  street. 

Sluhl  .laroli,  rit;ar«  .iiicl  tol»acco.  31  fi  Ailnnis  street. 
StanstnTKT  .Iaf'<lt.  tln-iiian.  ri->.  -Jnli  crilcafto  street. 
Starr  JiiUut  .s.  .ittorney,  oni'-f  3'.»I  .M;itii  Mrect. 
Steele  Harrison,  pliyslulait.  3U9  Main  street. 

STEIER    LOUIS,  Peoria   6le  works,  610  S. 

Wa.shington    street,    was    born    in     Baden,    Germany, 

August   18,  1840,  .ind   came  to    the    United    States    in 

i860,  and  located  in  Newark,  N.J.,and  remained  there 

two  years.      In  1863,  enlisted  in   the   I06th  New  York 

Volunteer    Infantry,    Company  I,  Sixth  .Army  Corps. 

Done  duty  at  Pittsburgh  and  in  the  Shenandoah  Valley. 

Member  of  the  Catholic  Church. 

Htelger  .lohn  J.  saw  anil  sirkle  works.  413  Harrison  street, 

Ktelsler  Heve.  res.  iiioS  N.  .Vilnni*  stn-i't. 

Stephens  Walter.  l.MIO  N.  Ma^llson  «treit. 

Stevens.  A.  A.   K>v.   pastor   Klr»t  ConKreKalloual  Church,  res. 

no  II  iRh  street. 
Sterlson  I>.  1>.  paiierhanger,  res.  709  S.  Adams  street. 

STEVENS  J.  S.  attorney-at-law,  103  N.  Jeffer- 
son street,  is  the  son  of  Joshua  and  Abigal  .Stevens,  «<•<• 
Walker;  natives  of  NewIIanipshire.  Mr.  Stevens  de- 
scended from  Knglish  ;  .Miss  Walker  from  .Scotch  par- 
entage. They  married  and  settled  in  Hath,  where  John 
was  born  in  September,  1S39.  The  family  removed  to 
Hardwick,  Vt.,  when  he  wa.^  ten  years  of  age.  He 
received  such  school  advantages  as  the  common  schools 
afforded  until  fifteen  years  old,  when  he  started  out  to 
earn  his  own  living.  Fitted  for  college  at  Caledonia 
Grammar  School,  attending  and  leaching  alternately. 
Entered  Dartmouth  College  in  1858,  graduated  in  i860, 
and  came  directly  to  Peoria  ;  taiight  one  year  in  the 
Grammar,  and  one  in  the  City  High  School,  reading 
law  in  the  meantime.  At  the  end  of  these  two  years 
entered  the  law  ofiicc  of  Alex  McCoy  ;  spent  evenings 
in  arranging  and  classifying  ihe  public  library,  doing  the 
entire  work  himself.  Was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  J  une, 
1865,  formed  a  partnership  with  Mr.  McCoy,  remain- 
ing till  the  latter  removed  (o  Chicago ;  then  became  a 
partner  with  Hon.  David  McCulloch.  which  was  dis- 
solved by  Mr.  S.  being  ajipoinled  postmaster  of  the 
city  in   1876;  filled   that   position    till    Feb.   1st,   1880. 


In  1S77  he  formed  a  partnership  with  Hon.  J.  S.  Lee, 
and  subsequently  took  in  P.  G.  Gallagher,  constituting 
one  of  the  strongest  and  most  prosperous  law  firms  in 
Peoria  county.  Mr.  Stevens  united  in  marriage  with 
Sarah  M.,  daughter  of  A.  P.  Bartlett,  a  prominent  citi- 
len  of  Peoria,  in  June,  1868.  Their  conjugal  union  has 
resulted  in  two  children,  John  S.Stevens.  Jr., and  Bart- 
lett, deceased  at  one  year  old,  in  Nov.,  1875.  Mr.  S.  is  a 
man  of  acknowledged  ability  in  the  profession,  and 
much  esteemed  as  a  citizen.  He  has  been  quite  suc- 
cessful in  a  financial  way. 

STEW'.\KT  J.  T.  physician  and  surgeon,  705 
Main  street,  son  of  Wm.and  Elizabeth  (Willis)  Stewart. 
Father  native  of  Washington  county.  Pa. ;  mother  of 
Abbeyville  District,  N.  C.  Came  to  Southern  Ohio 
when  they  were  young,  and  in  18 18  came  to  Bond 
county.  III.,  where  the  subject  of  this  sketch  was  bom 
on  the  20th  day  of  June,  1824.  In  1832  his  parents 
went  to  Putnam  county.  111.,  where  he  was  reared  on  a 
farm,  and  received  a  common  school  education.  In 
1844  attended  Knox  College  and  remained  there  until 
1847.  Read  medicine  with  Dr.  J.  C.  Frye,  of  Peoria, 
for  three  years  ;  in  the  meantime  attended  lectures  in 
Cincinnati,  and  graduated  from  the  University  of 
Pennsylvania  in  the  Spring  of  1S50.  Returned  to 
Peoria  immediately  after,  and  has  followed  his  profes- 
sion since,  with  the  exception  of  four  years  he  was  in 
the  army.  Entered  the  army  as  surgeon  of  the  fi4lh  I. 
V.  1.  Was  commi.s.sioned  by  Gov.  Dick  Vales.  Decem- 
ber. 1S61,  and  served  nearly  four  years.  Was  with  his 
regiment  for  over  two  years;  was  promoted  surgeon  in 
chief  of  the  4th  Division  l6th  Army  Corps,  under  Gen. 
Dodge,  and  acted  in  that  capacity  until  July  19th,  1864, 
when  he  was  wounded  by  a  shell  in  the  hip  and  dis- 
abled for  service  in  the  field.  In  February,  186;.  went 
to  Charleston.  S.  C.  had  charge  of  the  post  hospital  ; 
remained  there  until  the  following  September,  the  war 
having  closed  returned  home,  where  he  has  followed 
his  profession  since.  Married  Miss  Maria  While  of 
Worcester.  Mass..  in  1856.  She  was  bom  Sept.  6th. 
1832.  The  fruits  of  this  marriage  is  six  children,  five 
of  which  are  still  living. 

Ktewanlson  J.  Mary,  res.  50&  Kai  ^n  hlrvet. 
HIellwell  ,lahn  II.  plasterer.  ItOH  Klsher  strret. 
.Sleltwpll  It.  J.  plasterer,  res.  aiO  Flaher  slreel. 
Slliuselfer  William,  Mall  house,  1011  llrlilire  slrert. 

STlVEltS  lIllt.VM  .!.,  foreman  Hughes- 
cooper  shop,  1205  S.  W.ishington  street,  was  born  in 
Adams  county,  Ohio,  November  tS,  1834,  reared  to 
the  cooper  trade  and  received  a  common  school 
education.  Emigrated  to  Peoria  county  in  1854 
and  located  in  Princeville  township  where  he  fol- 
lowed fanning  for  four  years,  and  in  1858  came 
to  the  cily  and  engaged  to  Mr.  William  Hughes 
and  hat  been  in  his  employ  since.  Married  Mits 
Catharine  Uarr,  daughter  of  David  and  Elizabeth  Barr, 


PEORIA. 


PEORIA   CITY   DIRECTORY. 


693 


She  was  born  in   York  county,   Penn.,   Nov.  lo,  1841. 

The  fruit  of  this  marriage  is  one  child,  Hattie  B.,  born 

May  18,  1863. 

Stock  C.  F.  punsmlth,  213  Liberty  street. 

Stock  John  J.  boot  and  shoe  maker.  847  S.  Washington  street. 

STOI.TZ  ERNEST,  wholesale  and  retail  cigars 

and  tobacco,  212  Main  street. 

Stone  Lewis,  res.  119  N.  Water  street. 

Story  F.  com.  trav.  res.  501  SanforU  street. 

Story  F.  M,  com.  trav.  419  S.  Adams  street. 

Story  H.  res.  501  Sanford  street. 

Stowell  A.  G.  com.  trav.  res.  215  Fifth  street. 

Strattoa  j.  stock  dealer,  res.  1816  S.  W'ashlnpfton  street. 

Straitmuller  Charles  G.  painter,  res.  117  McKt-ynolds  street. 

STKEIBACH   FREDERICK,  vinegrowcr. 
Moss  street  near  Free  street. 
Strett  M.  polisher  plow  works,  res.  501  Spencer  street. 

STRICKLEB  S.  P,  livery  and  sale  stable 
1312  Main  street,  was  born  in  Bedford  county,  Penn., 
Nov.  5,  1S37,  and  is  the  son  of  Peter  and  Sophia 
Strickler.  He  eame  to  Peoria  in  1S56,  and  was  mar- 
ried in  iS5l  to  Elizabeth  Barber,  a  native  of  Michigan. 
by  whom  he  has  6ve  children  living,  Harry  P.,  Elmer 
E.,  Ernest,  Sophia,  and  Margaret,  and  two  deceased, 
Mary  and  Laura.  Mr.  Strickler  carries  on  a  general 
livery,  feed  and  sale  stable  at  above  number. 

Stroppel  tjohn.  grocer.  215  Smith  street. 
Stuber  Jacob,  night  watcliman.  600  S.  Water  street. 
Stubenrach  F.  }*.  meat  market.  417  W.  .Jefferson  street. 
Studer  A.  .M.  foreman  T.  V.  &  W.  shops. 

STUDER  JOSEPH,  M.  D,,  912  S.  Adams 
street,  was  born  March  g,  1S2S,  in  Solothum,  Switzer- 
land, where  his  father  was  a  practicing  physician 
Received  his  education  first  at  the  College  of  Solothum 
and  later  at  the  University  of  Berne,  the  Capital  of 
Switzerland,  Sodssleouge  and  Bassel  where  he  gradu- 
ated on  the  25th  day  of  November,  1S53,  as  doctor  of 
medicine  and  surgery.  A  year  later  the  doctor  left 
Europe  on  boaid  the  French  ship  Escatore  in  the 
capacity  of  attending  physician,  and  arrived  in  New 
York  on  the  13th  day  of  September,  1854.  Proceeded 
at  once,  to  St.  Louis  where  he  started  in  the 
practice  of  medicine  and  surgery.  On  the  14th  day 
of  May,  1S55,  was  united  in  marriage  with  Mrs. 
Elizabeth  Hermann,  born  in  Ilingon,  Canton  Bassel, 
Switzerland,  on  the  2d  of  October,  1835.  This  union 
has  been  blessed  by  six  children,  Augustina  H.,  born 
December  13,  1859;  Hans  Theophol.  born  January 
16,  1863  ;  Ernst  B.,  born  March  2,  1866  ;  Ferdinand 
F.,  born  July  4,  1869  ;  Joseph  V'alentine,  born  February 
10,  1874.  Martha  F.,  born  August  30,  1877.  I" 
March,  1857,  the  doctor  left  St.  Louis  and  took  up  his 
domicile  in  the  then  new  and  prosperous  village  of 
Peoria,  continuing  the  practice  of  his  profession  and 
soon  gained,  by  close  attention  to  his  calling,  an  exten- 
sive and  lucrative  practice.  He  has  been  foremost  in 
all  public  enterprises,  and  no  one  has  exerted  his  influ- 
ence more  to  secure  the  establishment  of  a  suitable 
hospital  for  the  benefit  of  the  suffering  than  Dr.  Studer, 


and  the    comfortable  St.  Francis'  hospital  founded  but 

a  short  time  ago,  one  of  whose  attending   physicians 

Dr.  Studer  has  been,  is  the  result  of  his  as  well  as  other 

desirable  gentlemen's  untiring  efforts. 

Sullivan  .lohn.  fireman,  res.  205  Smith  street. 

.Sullivan  M.  res.  1414  First  street. 

Sullivan  TIniothy.  335  Butler  street. 

Suit  C.  H.  machinist,  res.  619  N.  Washington  street. 

SULT  WILLIAM  C.  foreman  of  C.  R.  I.  &  P. 

roundhouse,  res.  619  N.  Washington  street,  was  born  in 

Columbia   county,  Pa.,  and   grew   to   manhood   there. 

His  parents  were  Peter  Suit  and  Magdalena  Kestler  ; 

were  born  and  married  in  that  State.     William  went  to 

New  York  State  and  engaged  in  railroading  about  six 

years,  then  came  to  Peru,  111.,  in  1S54,  and  a  year  later 

to  Peoria ;  spent  one  year  in  Rock   Island  for  the  same 

Co.  since  he  came  to  the  State.     Returned  to  Peoria  in 

1865  and  has  remained  here  since.    He  formerly  worked 

as  a  machinist  in  the  company's  shops  ;  lias  been  in  his 

present  position  nearly  three  years.     Mr.  Suit  married 

Cecelia  Morgan  in   Rock   Island,  in   1861.     She  is  of 

English  parentage,  and  a  native  of  Pennsylvania  also. 

They  have  three  children  —  Charles  D.,  Jennie  M.,  and 

Harry   B.     Mr.   Suit  is  a  member  of  I.  O.  O.  F.,  and 

has  been  an  active  temperance  worker  for  a  number  of 

years. 

SunimerinR  Francis,  carpenter,  202  Rrotherson  street. 

SnmnuT>  ll.-niy.  clerk,  1400  M;tiii  street. 

Snss  ('.  H.  li.M.k  keeper,  1^1  S.  Washington  street. 

Suizcii  F.  ti.  bLiggagemasterO.  K.  I.  *  y.  depot. 

Sweeny  John  B.  pattern  maker.  Plow  works,  res.  204  Birket  st. 

SWEET  ALLEX  S.  justice  of  the  peace  and 
notary  public,  102  N.  Adams  street.  Was  born  in  Co- 
lumbia county,  N.  Y.,  August  12,  1814,  and  is  the  son 
of  Rowland  and  Margaret  (Hoffman)  Sweet.  His 
father  was  a  native  of  Rhode  Island,  and  his  mother 
was  of  German  descent,  born  in  New  York.  He  was 
raised,  educated  and  engaged  in  mercantile  business  in 
his  native  county,  and  afterwards  engaged  in  business 
as  jobbing  liquor  dealer  in  New  York  city  for  four 
years.  He  came  to  Peoria  county  in  the  Spring  of 
1855,  and  for  two  and  a  half  years  farmed  in  Kickapoo 
township,  and  on  giving  that  up,  moved  into  the  city 
and  acted  as  book-keeper  and  clerk  for  various  firms, 
until  his  election  to  the  office  of  justice,  in  1866.  He 
has  since  continued  to  fill  the  office,  to  the  general 
satisfaction  of  the  citizens.  He  married  in  Duchess 
county,  N.  Y.,  in  December,  1835,  Miss  Angelica  S. 
Edling,  daughter  of  John  Edling.  Jr.,  and  a  native  of 
that  county,  by  whom  he  has  had  seven  children,  five  of 
whom  are  now  living  :  John,  Allen,  Charles,  Edmund, 
and  Richard  M.  All  are  married  save  the  youngest. 
While  in  Kickapoo,  he  was  for  one  year  supervisor  of 
that  township  ;  is  in  politics  a  Democrat.  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Sweet  are  adherents  of  the  Episcopal  Church. 
Sweetser  L,  grocer.  329  Main  street. 

SU3IXEK  LEVI,  cooper,  res.  1516  S.  Washing- 
ton street.     Was  born  in  Ohio,  August   15,  1823,  and 


694 


HISTORY   OF  PEORIA  COUNTY 


reareJ  on  a  farm  until  fifteen  years  old,  when  he  started 
to  the  cooper's  trade.  And,  1S44,  was  married  to  Har- 
riet Hurt2ell.  She  was  born  in  Pennsylvania  in  1823, 
and  <lied  in  August,  1S63.  Had  by  this  marriage  seven 
children,  .Marion.  Samuel.  Silas,  Vasta  Orilla,  Isabella, 
.Mary,  Rachel,  four  of  whom  are  deceased.  Married 
for  his  second  wife.  Eliza  Gordon,  in  1866.  She  was 
born  in  Tennessee,  February  r4,  1842.  They  have  had 
three  children  by  this  marriage.  Minnie,  Harriet  K.  and 
Lewis;  two  dead.  Enlisted  in  79th  III.  Inf.,  co.  B., 
and  served  until  wounded  in  a  skirmish  in  Bowling 
Green,  and  discharged  February,  1864.  Located  in 
Peoria,  where  he  is  now  engaged  in  the  cooper's  busi- 
ness in  a  stock  company. 

SUMMERS  MARY  E.  widow,  308  Hale  St. 
Widow  of  Alfred  F.  Summers,  who  was  born  in  Harris- 
burg,  Penn.  He  was  a  carpenter  and  patent  right 
agent.  Served  in  the  late  war.  Died  May  31,  1869. 
She  was  the  daughter  of  James  and  Mary  McFarland. 
Mother  deceased.  Father,  who  was  a  soldier  in  the 
war  of  1812,  still  living,  and  lives  with  her.  They  had 
four  children,  three  living,  viz. :  Mary  E.,  Alfred  J. 
and  Edward  F.  twins  ;  one  deceased,  Lee. 

Tamplln  Oeor^e  R.  biKi^age  master.  Union  Depot, 
Taiupilii  U.  B.  Mewhitr  mactilnes.  rea.  SOB  SblpDian  street. 
Tarl>«ll  H.  farmer,  res.  'i06  Muss  street. 

TART  SAMUEL,  resides  "The  Inger-oll," 
cor.  Hamilton  and  N.  Jefferson  streets,  was  born  near 
Portsmouth,  Norfolk  county,  Va.,  May  2,  1805.  His 
early  life,  till  the  age  of  22,  was  spent  on  a  farm,  and 
he  received  the  advantages  of  a  common  school  educa- 
tion. From  1825  to  1834  he  was  engaged  as  overseer 
in  the  Norfolk  Navy  Yard,  and  on  July  15  of  the  latter 
year,  left  Portsmouth  in  a  two-horje  wagon,  with  his 
wife  and  child,  and  ariived  in  Peoria  on  Sept.  16,  1834, 
stopping  on  the  east  side  of  the  river,  where  he  lived 
till  March,  1845.  when  he  moved  into  the  city  and  en- 
gaged in  carpenter  work.  In  1848  lie  engaged  in  build- 
ing canal  boats  for  the  Illinois  canal,  which  had  Just 
been  opened.  On  April  21.  1849,  he  started  to  cross 
the  plains  to  California,  from  St.  Joseph,  Mo.,  arriving 
at  San  Diego  Dec.  2,  and  at  San  Francisco  Jan.  11, 
1850.  Mr.  Tart  worked  but  little  at  mining.  He  had 
his  carpenter's  tools  with  him,  and  engaged  in  making 
machines,  such  as  "  rockers,"  "  gold  w.nshers,"  etc.  The 
last  work  he  did  was  to  assist  in  the  erection  of  the 
Empire  Hotel,  in  Nevada  city.  He  left  San  Francisco, 
homeward  bound  ;iVi  the  Isthmus.  May  I,  1S51,  and 
arrived  home  June  9.  1851.  He  then  resumed  his  car- 
penter work  for  one  year,  and  afterwards  eng.iged  in  a 
plow  shop  till  Feb.,  1854,  when  he  took  charge  of  the 
Peoria  Bridge,  as  toll  collector,  and  remained  there 
till  the  last  of  Sept.,  l8(>2.  He  hasserved  as  alderman 
from  the  second  waid,  and  as  chairman  of  the  board 
of  supervisor,  for  three  years.  He  was  elected  city 
treasurer  in  187a,  and  filled  the  office  for  some  years. 


Taylor  J.  T.  rei.  421  M«ln  »treet. 

TAYLOR  C.  -\.  wholesale  agricultural  dealer, 
102  S.  Washington  street,  was  born  in  Oneida  county, 
N.  Y.,  in  1832,  and  when  seven  years  of  age  came  to 
Illinois,  made  a  tour  through  the  Slate,  and  finally  set- 
tled in  Peoria,  in  1863,  and  immediately  commenced  in 
his  present  business,  which  he  has  followed  since.  Mar- 
ried Miss  Harriet  H.  Earl,  daughter  of  Porter  W. 
Earl.  She  was  born  in  Buffalo.  N.  Y..  in  1842.  One 
child  blessed  this  union,  Charles  E.,  bom  June,  1S78. 
Carries  a  fair  stock  in  his  line,  and  is  doing  a  good, 
healthy  business. 

TAYLOR  IS-4^\C,  CoL  treasurer  of  Peoria 
county,  res.  112  Sixth  street,  is  the  son  of  Isaac  Putnam 
Taylor  and  Martha  G.  Scidmore,  natives  of  Saratoga, 
N.  Y.,  where  they  were  married  and  where  he  was  born, 
April  22,  1836.  His  parents  removed  to  Canton,  III., 
in  l83fi,  and  two  years  later,  to  Trivoli  township.  Peo- 
ria county.  His  early  years  were  spent  on  his  father's 
farm,  where  he  enjoyed  such  educational  advantages  as 
the  district  school  offered,  after  which  he  attended  one 
year  at  Jonesville  Academy,  Saratoga  county,  N.  Y. 
Col.  Taylor  began  the  study  of  law  in  the  Fall  of  1858. 
Alter  reading  a  year  and  a  half,  failing  health  compelled 
him  to  abandon  it,  and  he  spent  two  seasons  teaching 
school.  On  Oct.  i;,  i860,  he  married  Mary  B.  Bourne, 
a  native  of  Trivoli,  and  daughter  of  one  of  the  pioneers 
in  that  part  of  the  county.  In  Match,  1S61,  Mr.  Tay- 
lor went  to  Minnesota  to  recover  his  health,  which  im- 
proved rapidly.  Sept.  30  of  that  year  he  enlisted  at 
Fort  Snelling,  as  a  private,  in  Co.  H,  3d  Minn.  In- 
fantry ;  was  soon  after  elected  second  lieutenant ;  pro- 
moted to  first  lieutenant  on  Feb.  18.  1S64.  and  to 
captain  of  his  company  on  April  IS  of  the  same  year. 
His  company  participated  in  numerous  important 
battles,  among  them,  Muifreesboro,  siege  of  Vicksburg, 
battle  of  Little  Kock,  Ark.,  Pine  Bluff,  Jackson,  Ark,, 
and  Nashville,  Tenn.  After  nine  hours  hard  fighting, 
on  July  13,  1862,  the  regiment  was  surrounded  by 
Rebel  (>en.  Forrest's  brigade,  and  taken  prisoners.  Two 
days  after,  Mr.  Taylor  and  another  officer  escaped  from 
the  Rebels  and  reached  Nashville. 

During  the  Winter  of  1S64  and  1865,  Col.  Taylor 
acted  as  Judge  Advocate  of  General  Court  Martial  at 
Pine  Bluff,  .\rk.  He  was  discharged  April  18,  1865. 
.\fter  spending  some  time  recovering  his  health  he  was 
appointetl  assistant  assessor  of  U.  S.  revenue  for 
Peoria  county,  and  held  that  position  when  he  was 
elected  treasurer  of  Peoria  county,  Novembei,  1S71,  to 
which  office  he  has  been  chosen  five  consecutive  terms 
with  majorities  ranging  from  three  hundred  to  twenty- 
one  hundred,  against  a  democratic  m.ijority  in  the 
county  of  over  five  hundred.  Mr.  Taylor  was  com- 
missioned colonel  of  the  7th  Illinois  Nation  I  Guards, 
December]!,  187S.      His  family    consists  ol  wife  and 


PEORIA   CITY  DIRECTORY. 


695 


three  daughters:  Alice    Lee,  Laura    Bourne,   and    Isa 

Dean  Taylor. 

Taylor  Reulien,  1316  Perry  street. 
TeiuieriuK  H.  tlor;iI  Karilen.  401  Smith  street. 
Tervelin  H.  res.  lO'JH  First  street. 
Teiifll  C.  res.  4'.;7S.  Wasltliigtun  street. 

THEIME  J.  G.  saloon,  I20  N.  Washington 
street,  was  born  in  Saxony,  Germany,  Noveinber  24, 
1828,  and  came  to  the  United  States  in  1S53,  and 
landed  in  New  York  where  he  remained  a  short  time, 
when  he  made  a  tour  through  the  States,  and,  in  1855, 
came  to  Peoria  and  engaged  in  the  upholstering  business, 
until  1879,  when  he  engaged  in  his  present  business. 
Married  Miss  Magdalena  Kneer.  She  was  born  in 
Wirtemburg,  Germany,  in  1S40.  Six  children  :  Mary, 
Louisa,  Amelia,  Minnie,  Herman,  Adolph. 

THIELBAR  HENRY,  boot  and  shoe  dealer, 
22q  Main  street,  was  born  in  the  kingdom  of  Hanover, 
Germany,  May  10,  1831,  and  when  about  ten  years  of 
age  came  with  his  parents  to  America,  landing  at  Bal- 
timore in  the  early  part  of  1841.  They  settled  in 
Dearborn  county,  Ind.,  where  they  engaged  in  farming 
and  where  his  father  died  in  1847.  .After  a  short  time 
at  school,  Mr.  Thielbar  went,  in  1S45,  to  Cincinnati,  C, 
where  he  learned  the  trade  of  shoemaker,  and  worked 
at  it  for  about  five  years,  returning  to  Indiana  and 
engaging  in  business  for  himself.  He  came  to  Peoria 
about  1853,  and  after  a  few  months  established  a  cus- 
tom business,  which  he  continued  till  1861,  when  he 
added  sale  goods  to  his  stock,  and  about  five  years 
afterwards  discontinued  entirely  the  manufacture  of 
foot  wear,  and  confined  his  attention  to  the  sale  of  the 
re.idy-raade  article.  He  carries  a  stock  of  about 
$12,000,  and  does  an  average  yearly  business  of  about 
$35,000.  He  married  in  Peoria,  in  1856,  Miss  Frances 
Brunega  a  native  of  Germany,  by  whom  he  has  had 
eleven  children,  six  of  whom  are  now  living :  Albert. 
Minnie,  Margaret,  Frederick,  Lydia  and  Henry.  He 
owns  his  residence  and  house,  with  adjoining  lot  in 
city,  and  520  acres  land  in  Yates  county.  Neb. 
Thenee  Anna  M.  Mrs.  res.  Wayne  street. 

TH03IPS0N  A.  R.  hardware  dealer,  317 
Main  street,  was  born  in  New  York  city,  March  20, 
1846,  and  is  the  son  of  Alex.  B.  Thompson  and  Cath- 
erine Conger..  His  mother  was  a  native  of  Orange 
county,  N.  Y.,  and  his  father  of  Augusta,  Ga.  He 
grew  up  and  received  his  education  in  New  York  and 
Troy,  and  learned  his  business  in  the  former  city.  He 
came  to  Peoria  in  1870,  and  after  six  years,  during  a 
part  of  which  time  he  was  a  partner  in  the  firm  of 
Walker,  Thompson  &  Co.,  started  in  business  for  him- 
self in  March,  1878,  moving  to  his  present  fine  store  in 
November,  1879,  where  he  carries  a  large  and  well 
selected  stock  of  general  hardware  and  house  furnish- 
ing goods,  of  about  $10,000,  and  does  an  average 
yearly  business  of  about  $15,000.     He  married,  June 


3,  1872,  Miss  Margaret  Nevins,  a  native  of  Maryland, 
by  whom  he  has  three  children  :  Madge,  Frederick, 
and  Alexander.  He  owns  his  own  residence  and  lot  in 
city. 

Thomas  .lohii  H..  U.  S.  express,  res.  1109  I'erry  street. 
Thomas  .los.  res.  115  S.  Moni-oe  street. 
Thomas  .M.  tirem.an  T.  P.  &  W.  res.  207  Howett  street. 
Thompkin*  T.  L.  train  dispatcher,  res.  109  S.  Orange  street. 
Thonipsciri  li.  eonductor  T.  1".  ,$;  W.  res.  905  S.  Adams  street. 

THOMPSON   LEWIS  O.  Rev.  310  Perry 

street,  first  visited  Peoria  in  December,  1S75,  ^"'^  ^^^^ 
chosen  pastor  of  the  Second  Presbyterian  Church,  Jan- 
uary 5,  1876.  He  received  his  collegiate  education  at 
Beloit  College,  where  he  graduated  with  the  salutatory 
oration  in  1S63.  His  theological  studies  were  pursued 
at  Union  Theological  Seminary,  New  York  city.  The 
Summer  vacation  of  1864  was  spent  by  him  as  a  relief 
agent  of  the  United  States  Sanitary  Commission  with 
the  army  of  the  Potomac.  During  a  part  of  this  time 
he  was  in  charge  of  a  hospital  service  in  Washington 
connected  with  the  Commission.  Whilst  in  New  York 
Mr.  Thompson  held  the  position  of  teacher  in  Anthon's 
Classical  School.  When  he  graduated  from  the  semi- 
nary, he  was  licensed  to  preach  the  Gospel  by  the 
Fourth  Presbytery  of  New  York.  At  the  commence- 
ment of  his  Alma  Mater  in  1866,  by  appointment  of 
the  faculty,  he  delivered  the  master's  oration  and  re- 
ceived the  honorary  degree  of  Master  of  Arts.  In  the 
month  of  August  following  he  was  elected  a  professor 
at  the  Northwestern  University,  Watertown,  Wis.,  and 
spent  the  next  two  years  in  the  discharge  ol  his  duties 
there.  Having  been  married  to  Miss  Mary  A.  Coe, 
June  30,  l858,  he  removed  to  Minnesota  for  the  benefit 
of  the  climate  in  September,  where  he  was  ordained  to 
the  Christian  ministry  according  to  the  Presbyterian 
form  of  government,  at  Minneapolis,  January  28,  1869, 
by  the  Presbytery  of  Minnesota.  In  the  Spring  of  lS6g 
he  was  elected  president  of  the  Northwestern  Univer- 
sity, and  again  returned  to  Watertown  for  his  home  and 
field  of  labor.  On  January  5,  1S70,  he  was  elected  a 
corresponding  member  of  the  State  Historical  Society 
of  Wisconsin,  and  on  May  11,  1872,  a  member  of  the 
Indianapolis  Academy  of  Sciences.  Mr.  Thompson 
has  found  time  to  write  a  number  of  books  with  titles 
as  follows  ;  "  The  Presidents  and  Their  Administra- 
tions;" "  Nothing  Lost ; "  "  The  Prayer  Meeting  and 
Its  Improvement ;"  "  How  to  Conduct  Prayer  Meet- 
ings," and  "  Nineteen  Christian  Centuries  in   Outline." 

Thompson  Geo.  com.  trav.  109  S.  Washington  street. 
Thompson  Jas.  H.  res.  315  Horal  street. 
Thomi)SO(i  Wm.  hricklayer,  res.  413  Kloial  street. 
Thornton  W.  .V.  blacksiullh,  186  Ureenleaf  streev. 

TH031PS0N  S.  H.  wholesale  grocer,    304  S. 
Washington  street. 

Tlchcuoiir  B.  K..  Ass't  Geul  Manager  and  Ticket  Ag't,  T,.  1-.  jt 

W.,  res.  SOS  Kayette  .street. 
TIenian  i^llcliael,  masher,  foot  LIsk  street. 
Tlernaii  Dennis,  res.  'Zil  Louisa  street. 

TI311iEN  J.  U.    M.  D.,  618  S.  Adams  street, 
was  born  in   Walworth  county,  Wisconsin,  September 


690 


HISTORY   OF  PEORIA  COUNTY. 


6,  1S54,  and  is  the  son  of  Rev.  G.  Timken  and  E. 
(Stahlhut)  Timken,  natives  of  Germany.  His  father 
came  to  America  about  1835.  Dr.  Timken  attended 
school  in  the  various  places  where  his  father  was  called 
in  the  discharge  of  his  clerical  duties,  among  them 
Herman,  Missouri.  Hellville.  Illinois,  Alton,  Illinois, 
and  Warrenton,  Missouri.  He  commenced  to  study 
medicine  in  Alton,  in  1875,  and  then  went  to  Chicago, 
where  he  attended  three  sessions  at  the  Hahnemann 
Medical  College,  and  graduated  there,  in  February, 
1877.  During  his  last  session  at  college,  he  had  the 
appointment  of  assistant  house  physician  to  the  hospi- 
tal connected  with  it.  Immediately  after  taking  his 
degree  he  came  to  Peoria,  and  has  since  resided  and 
practiced  there.  He  married  in  St.  Li>uis,  in  1875, 
Miss  Anne  Heimsoth,  who  was  born  in  Pettis  county, 
Missouri,  December  18.  1S54,  by  whom  he  has  two 
children— John,  born  January  17,  1877,  and  Emma, 
bom  February  21,  1879.  His  parents  are  still  alive, 
and  are  residents  of  St.  Louis.  Dr.  Timken  and  wife 
are  members  of  German  M.  E.  Church. 

Tliurlow  E.  p.'itcnt  sollrltor.  319  M:iln  street. 

TJadrn  C.  boon  ltet't>cr.4ll  N    Water  street. 

T  ailfli  Jlio.  res.  1013  .S.  Attains  si  reft. 

T  aUeii  s.  A.  Mrs.  res.  1013  S.  Ailaiiis  street. 

T  arks  I>.  II.  res.  I'j9  Callallu  sueel. 

TJarks  <i.  L,  re.«.  l'.!y  Uallnllii  -Ireet. 

Tiililas  Kzra.  ilealer  In  <  i.al.  rmitii  3,  Exehange  block. 

To4lit  It.  attorney,  res  H0»  Saiiford  .street. 

TODHUXTEK  JOHN,  V.  S.  storekeeper, 
407  Sixth  street,  was  born  in  the  county  of  Cumber- 
land, England,  May  22,  1808,  and  emigrated  to  Phil.-i- 
delphia,  Pennsylvania,  in  1S2S.  Married  in  Pottsville, 
Pennsylvania,  and  settled  in  Hushnell,  Illinois,  in  1S34, 
where  his  wife  died  in  1852.  Removed  to  Peoria,  Illi- 
nois, in  1853,  and  married  Miss  Rebecca  McCIintock 
in  1S36,  who  died  in  1861.  For  his  third  wife  married 
Miss  Anso  Hemmont,  in  1862.  By  occupation  is  a  car- 
penter and  builder,  but  for  the  last  ten  years  has  held, 
and  still  holds,  the  office  of  U.  S.  storekeeper,  in  the 
revenue  service. 

Toflhunter  Jt>lin  Jr..  cariientcr.  res.  812  .Sjilifurd  street. 
Torhey  M   latMirer,  307  tJeorKe  street. 
Tartat  C.  res.  410  I'eeali  street. 
Tracy  Jiibn.  res.  lol'.'  Thlril  street 

TRAUB  GOTTLKIIJ  ICov.,  pastor  of 
German  Lutheran  Trinity  Church,  corner  of  W.  Jeffer- 
son and  Maple  streets,  was  born  in  the  kingdom  of 
Wurtemburg,  Germany,  in  August,  1842.  He  received 
his  primary  ami  also  his  cullcgiatc  education  in  his 
native  country,  beginning  to  study  for  the  ministry  in 
i860.  He  came  to  America  in  18(3,  and  located  in 
Adams  county,  Indiana,  where  he  took  charge  of  his 
firit  congregation,  remaining  there  two  and  one  half 
years.  He  married,  June  Id,  18O4,  Miss  Mary  Auman, 
daughter  of  William  and  Mary  Auman,  who  was  born 
in  September,  1846.  Leaving  Adams  county,  he  went 
to  Will  county,  Illinois,  where  he  remained  thirteen 
years,  in  charge  of  the  Lutheran  Church,  finally  coming 


to  Peoria,  August  15,  1S7S,  and  assuming  charge  of  his 
present  large  and  flourishing  congregation.  The  fruits 
of  his  marriage  were  seven  children,  four  of  whom  are 
now  living  —  Gottlieb  F.  W.,  Lorene  Gustav,  Henry 
William  and  Kmilic. 

TRKFZGEK  SIMON,  baker  and  confec 
tioiier,  521  and  523  Main  street,  was  born  in  Baden, 
Germany,  October  16,  1831,  and  is  the  son  of  Simon 
Trefzger  and  Juliana  Grune,  natives  of  Baden,  was 
raised,  went  to  school,  and  learned  the  trade  of  baker 
there,  and  came  to  America  in  1S55,  landing  at  New 
York  in  May  of  that  year.  He  worked  as  journeyman 
for  two  years  in  Cincinnati,  and  for  one  year  in  Oxford 
O.,  and  came  to  Peoria  in  1858  ;  worked  at  his  trade 
for  three  years  and  then  started  in  business  for  himself 
on  Fulton  street,  where  he  remained  for  six  years,  and 
then  sold  out  and  paid  a  visit  to  his  native  country,  re- 
siding  there  four  years,  and  then  returning  to  the  land 
and  city  of  his  adoption,  resumed  his  business  nt  the 
old  stand,  where  he  remained  till  1S73,  in  which  year 
he  came  to  his  present  location.  He  docs,  perhaps,  the 
largest  retail  business  in  the  city.  He  owns  his  store 
and  lot  on  which  it  stands,  and  resides  in  the  upper 
story  of  the  building.  He  married  in  Germany  in  the 
Spring  of  1852,  Miss  Cathrina  Scherr,  a  native  of  Ger- 
many, by  whom  he  has  had  twelve  children,  eight  now- 
living  :  Mary  Louise,  Emeline,  Adolph,  Charles,  Sophie, 
.\nnie,  Rudolph,  Francis  and  Petronello.  Himself, 
wife  and  family  are  members  of  German  Catholic 
Church. 

TUEMPE  BRO.  boiler  makers.  832  S.  Wash- 
ington  street. 
Tripp.  V.  \V.  liiiiit»er.  N.  Wasli Ington  street. 

TKIEBEL  OTTO,  sculptor  and  monument 
manufacturer,  1414  Perry  street,  is  the  son  of  Henry 
and  Fredrica  Tricbel.  Was  born  in  Roemhild,  Ger- 
many,  in  1S30;  began  the  study  of  sculpture  at  the  age 
of  fourteen,  and  has  devoted  his  whole  life  to  that 
branch  of  art.  In  i$4<j,  he  immigrated  to  the  United 
States,  and  settled  permanently  in  Peoria  in  1S53;  in 
September  of  the  year  following  he  married  Klesa 
.'\cherer,  a  native  of  Condon  county,  Switzerland,  but 
came  to  America  when  seven  years  old.  Mr.  Triebel 
established  his  monument  and  marble  works  in  the 
Spring  of  1S72,  and  has  designed  and  executed  much 
of  the  finest  monumental  uurk  which  adorns  the  ceme- 
teries of  Central  Illinois.  Mr.  and  Mis.  Triebel  have 
nine  living  children:  Henry,  a  partner;  William, 
Albert,  Louis,  Frilt,  llerihe,  Carl,  Louise  and  Otto. 
Four  of  the  sons  are  skillful  artizans  in  monumental 
work. 

TrIpp  1).  II.  tHHiks  anil  stationer).  80(1  Main  street 
TrIpp  s.  s.  Iniuks  and  •lailonery.  ■JOn  .Main  iirret. 

TRII'I>  1>.  II.  &  Co.  booksellersand  stationers 
206  Mam  street.      This  firm    has    been    established   in 


HISTORY  OP  PEORIA  COUNTY. 


697 


business  since  November  i860,  and  is  the  oldest  exist- 
ing firm  in  ihis  line  in  Peoria.  It  is  composed  of  D. 
H.  Tripp,  and  S.  H.  Tripp,  brothers,  who  have  been 
residents  of  the  city  since  JS52.  They  occupy  the 
whole  of  a  large  three  story  building,  have  a  large  fine 
store  with  a  depth  of  gy  feet  and  a  frontage  of  20  feet, 
and  carry  a  stock  of  about  $25,000.  Both  are  men  of 
family  and  the  eldest  son  of  Mr.  D.  H.  Tripp,  is  book- 
keeper. 

TKIPLETT  WILLIAM  J.  res.  417  First 
street,  was  born  in  Loudon  Co.,  Va.,  March  26,  1827, 
and  is  the  son  of  Roderick  Triplett,  and  Polly  Jacobs, 
natives  of  Virginia.  He  was  raised  in  his  native  county 
till  about  twelve  years  old,  when  with  his  parents  he 
came  to  Illinois,  settling  in  Washington,  Tazewell  Co., 
where  they  went  to  farming  and  he  grew  up  to  man- 
hood. He  came  to  Peoria  about  1S54,  and  married, 
Dec.  24,  1849,  in  Washington,  Tazewell  Co.,  Miss 
Nancy  Cullen,  a  native  of  Va.,  by  whom  he  has  had  six 
children,  three  now  living,  Llewellyn,  Isadore,  and 
Johnnie.  He  wrought  at  his  trade  of  carpenter  in  the 
city  for  about  twelve  years,  and  then  enlisted  in  the  Fall 
of  1862  in  Co.  A.  14th  I.  V.  C.  under  command  of  Col. 
Capron.  He  was  ruptured  in  the  following  May,  and 
was  thereupon  discharged.  Was  laid  up  in  consequence 
of  his  injury  for  a  long  time,  and  has  never  been  the 
same  man  since.  Kept  boarders  from  the  time  of  his 
return  on,  and  ran  a  livery  stable  for  about  two  years, 
but  has  quite  recently  given  it  up. 

Truehoff  Julius,  saloon,  1131  S.  Adams  street. 
TruesUale  Win.  planing  riiill.  Water  street,  foot  of  Fayette. 
TreaRor  John  G.  ballllf,  res.  518  Fourth  street. 
TrefKPr  H.  F.  plasterer,  res.  513  First  street. 
True  Jas.  feed.  212  Fayette  street. 

TROYER  MOSES,  M.  D.  (deceased),  was  one 
of  the  early  physicians  in  Peoria,  having  settled  in  the 
city  in  1S40,  and  practiced  in  the  place  and  its  environs 
more  than  a  third  of  a  century.  He  was  born  in  Somer- 
set county  Pa.,  on  Nov.  5,  iSoS,  removed  to  Millers- 
burg,  Ohio,  with  parents  when  a  child,  were  he  studied 
medicine  four  years,  and  entered  Ohio  Medical  College 
from  which  he  graduated  in  1833.  On  the  2gth  of 
August,  1839,  he  married  Cynthia  Hatfield,  in  Dayton, 
Ohio,  and  the  next  year  came  to  Peoria.  In  1847  he 
changed  from  the  allopathic  to  the  homoeopathic  school 
of  practice,  which  he  strenuously  adhered  to  till  his 
death,  which  occurred  on  August  18,  1S77,  from  disease 
of  the  heart.  During  his  active  labors  of  forty-two 
years  in  the  profession.  Dr.  Troyer  was  a  faithful  and 
skillful  physician,  and  prompted  by  the  large  symjiathies 
of  his  nature,  was  untiring  in  his  efforts  to  relieve  the 
sufferings  of  humanity.  His  pTofessional,  business  and 
social  life  was  marked  by  a  high  sense  of  honor  and 
courtesy  of  manner,  and  his  influence  was  ever  on 
the  side  of  law.  order  and  morality.  The  religious 
element  was  conspicuous  in  his  daily  life  and  conver- 
sation. He  was  a  firm  believer  in  the  doctrines  of  the 
50 


"New  Church"  —  Swedenborgian  —  and  never  hesi- 
tated to  express  his  conviction  freely  when  the  occasion 
required.  Consistency  was  a  jewel  the  doctor  wore  with 
becoming  grace,  and  he  died  as  he  had  lived,  cheerful, 
hopeful  and  trustful,  and  at  the  age  of  sixty-eight  was 
like  the  ripe  shock  gathered  home.  His  widow  occupies 
her  cozy  homestead  on  the  corner  of  Adams  and  Ham- 
ilton streets. 

Tucker  E.  E.  res.  1108  N.Jefferson  street. 
Tucker  A  Mansfield,  real  estate.  204  Main  street. 
Tvnjr  A.  G.  grain,  etc..  res.  403  N.  Madison  street. 
UliI  Jacob,  malster/Bush  &  Brown's  distillery. 

UKEN  HENRY,  baker  and  confectioner,  1166 
Main  street  ;  was  born  in  Hanover,  Germany,  January 
29,  1838,  and  is  the  son  of  I.  E.  Uken  and  Ada  Hol- 
stein,  natives  of  Hanover.  He  was  raised  at  home  till 
March,  1S66,  when  he  came  alone  to  America  and  after 
one  year  in  St.  Louis  came  to  Peoria,  and  for  some 
time  worked  at  various  occupations.  He  farmed  in 
Logan  county  for  two  years,  then  returned  to  Peoria, 
and  two  years  ago  began  business  for  himself  in  his 
present  line,  He  does  a  good  business,  and  by  hard 
work  and  economy  has  managed  to  become  the  owner  of 
his  residence,  and  the  lot  upon  which  it  stands.  He 
married  in  Peoria  May,  1876,  Mrs.  Johanna  Lengen  a 
native  of  Germany,  born  there  in  1835.  Mrs.  Uken  has 
two  children  by  a  former  marriage.  Both  are  members 
of  German  Reformed  Church. 
Ullman  H.  res.  308  S.  Jefferson  street. 

ULRICH  THEOBALD,  grocer,  1400  S. 
Adams  street.  Son  of  Nicholas  and  Magdalena 
(Snyder)  Ulrich,  natives  of  Germany,  where  the  subject 
of  this  sketch  was  born,  June  23,  1831,  came  to  the 
U.  S.  in  1850,  and  located  in  New  York  State,  where 
he  followed  coopering,  and  in  August,  1853,  came  to 
Peoria,  where  he  has  resided  since.  When  first  coming 
to  the  county  clerked  for  Theobald  Pfieffer  about  three 
years.  Then  embarked  in  the  grocery  and  provision 
trade.  Married  Miss  Monica  Ochs;  she  was  born  in 
the  same  place,  May,  1836.  The  fruit  of  this  marriage 
is  nine  children,  five  of  whom  are  living — George  A., 
William,  Ida,  Herman,  August. 
Ulrich  V.  res.  cor.  Fayette  and  Perry  streets. 

ULRICSON  CHARLES,  architect,  104  S. 
Adams  street ;  was  born  in  Sweden  in  1S16,  where  he 
received  his  education  ;  his  father  whose  name  he  bears, 
was  Cominissary  under  the  Government  at  Stockholm. 
Emigrated  to  America  in  1837,  and  settled  in  New 
York  city,  where  he  remained  for  about  four  years,  fol- 
lowing the  profession  of  architect.  He  then  spent 
about  two  years  traveling  through  the  Southern  States 
in  search  of  a  place  to  settle,  but  not  finding  the  pecu- 
liar institutions  there  obtaining,  to  his  mind,  came  North 
again  and  settled  in  Peoria  about  the  year  1S44,  where 
he  has  since  resided,  and  where  he  has  designed  and 
superintendent  the  construction  of  many  fine  buildings. 


698 


HISTORY  OF  PEORIA  COUNTY 


In  lS6i,  he  married  Mist  Maria  Cowham,  daughter  of 
Rev.  John  Cowham,  of  Oshkosh,  Wis.,  by  whom  he 
has  had  six  children,  four  of  whom  are  now  living — 
Walter  Henry,  Oscar  Edward,  Edgar  Francis  and 
Fanny  .Mayo.  Mr.  Ulricson  is  a  member  of  St.  Paul's 
Episcopal  Church,  of  which  he  was  for  many  years  a 
vestryman.  He  is  a  staunch  Republican. 
Vail  L.  Mra.  res.  1313  N.  Madlion  street. 

VALDEJO  JOSEPH,  saloonkeeper,  325  S. 
Washington  street;  was  born  in  France,  March  19,  1824, 
and  when  a  boy  came  to  the  U.  S.  and  landed  in  St. 
Louis,  where  he  worked  in  a  hotel  and  on  a  farm  until 
1856.  Then  came  to  Peoria  where  he  has  remained  since. 
For  his  first  wife  married  .Miss  Josephine  Stribeck,  she 
was  born  in  Germany  (died  in  1864).  For  his  second 
wife  married  Julia  Bertram,  born  in  Germany,  1845. 
There  was  two  children  by  this  marriage,  one  boy  and 
one  girl — Joseph  and  Julia.  .Members  of  the  Catholic 
Church. 
Van  Buskirk  L.  res.  1413  N.  Maillson  street. 

VANCE  WILLIAM  B.  undertaker,  502  Main 
street,  was  born  in  Troy.  Miama  county,  O.,  .\ugust 
23,  1838.  and  is  the  son  of  John  and  Elizabeth  Jane 
(Chamberlain)  Vance.  His  father  was  a  native  of 
Hamilton  county,  O.,  and  his  mother  of  New  York. 
When  about  ten  years  of  age  he  removed  with  his 
parents  to  Illinois,  settling  in  Peoria,  September  II, 
1849.  where  he  received  his  education  and  afterwards 
learned  the  trade  of  wagon  and  carriage  maker.  Dur- 
ing the  progress  of  the  war  he  was  employed  for  a  year 
and  a  half  as  mechanic  at  the  Franklin  Works.  Nash- 
ville, Tenn.  From  the  close  of  the  war  till  1870  he 
engaged  in  agricultural  pursuits,  and  in  the  latter  year 
commenced  the  undertaking  business,  and  has  ever 
since  carried  it  on.  He  has  for  many  years  had  the 
best  business  in  his  line  in  I'coria  and  vicinity  ;  and  his 
facilities  for  conducting  it  arc  in  every  respect  first- 
class.  He  married  October  13,  i860,  in  Peoria,  Miss 
Martha  Jane  .Mendcnhall,  a  native  of  Ohio,  born  there 
May  9, 1845,  by  whom  he  has  had  one  child,  a  daughter 
—  Ina  A.  Vance.  His  parents  arc  both  alive  and  are 
residents  of  Corning,  Adams  county,  Iowa. 
Van  DreMeii  Juhn,  iiholuxLiplipr.  cor.  .Main  and  Madlaun  ulreets. 

VANEPS  HENRY  K.  Peoria  novelty  wire 
works,  313  Hale  street,  was  born  in  Schenectady  county, 
N.  v.,  July  5.  1829.  Was  reared  to  the  trade  of  broom 
maker,  and  received  a  common  school  education.  In 
1S49  came  to  Fulton  county.  Ills.,  where  he  remained 
a  short  lime,  when  he  returned  10  his  native  place,  and 
in  1853  came  lo  the  West  ami  has  remained  heie  since. 
Married  Miss  Kliiabelh  I,.  Iluck.  daughter  o(  F. 
Freeman  Buck.  .She  was  born  in  Erie  county.  Pa. 
Uy  this  union  there  are  two  children  —  Cora  A.  and 
Mira   E.      Mr.  Vanept  can    well   be   claimed   an   in- 


ventor ;  makes  all  his  designs  of  which  some  are  very 
beautiful.  Any  body  wanting  any  thing  in  his  line 
would  do  well  to  call  on  him. 

V-\N  S.VNT  ELI.\S  A.  pump  manufacturer, 
301  Plank  road.  Son  of  John  W.  and  Lydia  (Ander- 
son) Van  Sanl.  Was  bom  in  Rock  Island,  Rock  Island 
county,  Ills.,  December  3,  1838.  Learned  the  trade  of 
boat  builder.  Married  Miss  Julia  Adams.  She  was 
bom  in  Bedford  county,  Pa.,  December  11,  1841.  The 
fruit  of  this  marriage  is  four  children  —  Alice,  bom 
April  2,  i860;  George,  bom  July  8,  1863;  Fred,  bora 
January  20,  1873;  Blanche,  born  February  6.  1879. 
Mr.  Van  Sant  was  raised  in  the  M.  E.  faith  and  6Iled 
the  pulpit  for  nine  years. 
Vennamon  F.  W.  carpenter.  315  Hale  street. 

VIEN  PETER,  restaurant,  608  S.  Water  street, 
was  born  in  Quebec,  Canada,  in  1826,  where  he  was 
raised  and  went  to  school.  He  left  home  and  went  to 
California  at  the  time  of  the  gold  excitement  in  1S49, 
and  remained  there,  mining  and  prospecting  with  very 
good  fortune  until  1S53,  when  he  returned  home  lia 
Nicaragua,  and  engaged  in  the  dry  goods  business  until 
1S59,  when  became  to  St.  Louis  and  after  a  few  months 
removed  to  Peoria,  and  began  business  as  a  watch 
maker  and  jeweler.  In  the  Summer  of  1862  he  enlisted 
in  Company  II,  8th  Missouri  Infantry  Volunteers,  in  St. 
Louis,  and  joined  his  regiment  in  Memphis,  taking  part 
with  it  in  many  bailies  and -.kirmishes ;  among  them 
those  of  Chickasaw  Bayou,  Arkan~as  Post,  ihc  siege  of 
Vicksburg  and  Jackson.  He  was  finally  transferred  to 
the  Veteran  Reserve  Corps,  and  after  serving  out  four 
years  time  was  discharged  July,  1S66.  He  then  re- 
turned to  Peoria,  and  has  ever  since  resided  there.  On 
coming  back  he  bought  a  restaurant  on  Main  street, 
gave  it  the  name  of  the  "  Dclmonico."  and  continued 
to  keep  it  for  four  or  five  years.  He  came  to  his  present 
location  about  five  years  .igo,  and  does  a  good  business 
there.     He  is  a  member  of  the  Catholic  Church. 

Vllionl  Mary.  819  Louisa  ilreet. 

VoiRht  A.  o  clKiir  m:lk^r,  n-»   ION  S,  WaitaliiEton  •Irrel. 

ViiiKlil  W.  re»   UlM  S.  «n»liiu(;ion  itreel. 

VulKliI  t'liitH.  rcft.  1,%4('I]|\  «ir,i'i 

ViilKliI  I'.  \V.  allonif  \    ^    "■'.■•. m  utrert 

Viin.nrimn  Frank,  ^»l   .  <lilnittou  tlrceu 

\'<iiil<<  M.  KaUMtn,  .M  1  ^ 

Viirls  It.  K.  ro«    -,'1,1  At  u,.. 

Wiiile  N.  \V.  fAnnrr,  .N    mi     n  (  > 

>V.VG<i.\IVI.VN     ,I()HN,     retired,     res.    West 

Bluff  street. 

Wanner  Kurl,  imlnler.  1334  -     '  ' '-•■ft. 

WnKiier  ('lias.  KHrili'iiiT.  W    ' 
Wnirnt-r  Hfnr>  C.  i»Alii(,-r.  1 
WnRnrr  .loltn  K    ImmiIh  .inil  «i 
WaK-li    MIt'liiU'l.  trn    10tit'aft%  %it,<' 

W.V  LIv  I'lK  <i.  N,  grain  and  commission  mer- 
chant, I17-I9S.  Waler  street.  Was  born  in  Dearborn 
county,  Ind.,  September  4,  1816,  and  is  ihe  son  of  Jai. 
and  Elixabelh  (Nichols)  Walker.  His  father  was  a 
native  of  Pennsylvania,  and  his  mother  of  Kenuuky. 
His  father  came  to  the  West   when  Cincinnati  was  but 


■•'rrel. 
■  lelIel«oll  »lr««l. 


John  Warner 


PEORIA. 


PEORIA  CITY  DIRECTORY. 


699 


a  trading  post.  Mr.  Walker  was  raised  in  his  native 
county,  and  received  such  education  as  the  local  schools 
afforded,  and  in  1837  removed  with  his  father  to  what 
is  now  Mason  county,  111.,  and  was  there  engaged  in 
mercantile  business  from  1844  till  1863,  when  he  re- 
moved to  Peoria,  where  he  has  since  resided.  On 
coming  to  Peoria  he  took  the  position  of  superintend- 
ent of  Illinois  River  Packet  Co.,  and  retained  it  until 
the  reorganization  of  the  company  in  1867,  since  when 
he  has  been  in  his  present  business.  He  married  in 
his  native  county  in  1839,  Miss  Frances  Livingston,  a 
native  of  the  same  county,  who  was  born  in  1S19.  She 
is  the  daughter  of  Judge  Livingston,  and  has  borne  him 
five  children  —  James,  John  L.,  William  A.,  George  N. 
and  Oliver  P.  He  deals  largely  in  general  produce, 
and  is  agent  of  the  Illinois  River  Packet  Co.  and  Eagle 
Packet  Co.;  has  an  extensive  warehouse  for  the  storage 
of  grain,  etc.,  at  above  number. 

W.alker  l5.iac.  hardware.  125-27  S.  WasliliiKton  street. 

Wall  t'lirist.  saloon.  1712  S.  Adams  street. 

Wall  W.  G.  bricklayer,  res.  161 S  N.  Miullson  street. 

AValsh  A.  Mary  ftlrs.  res.  911  First  street. 

Walsh  .lolill  J.  carpenter,  res.  1008  Second  street. 

Walsh  Thos.  res.  320  Hank  ro.id. 

Walter  N.  whltesmitii,  306  Fulton  street. 

Walter  Wm.  li.  engine  dispatcher.  I..  B.  A  W. 

Walters  C.  watchman,  res.  1707  S.  Water  street. 

Wapplch  L.  tiakery.  1500  S.  .Vdams  street. 

Ward  Mary,  Mrs.  res.  708  N.  Monroe  street. 

Ward  l-atrlck  F.  420  Fulton  street. 

Warkle  W.  barber  (E.  A  W.)  res.  1312  N.  Monroe  street. 

WARNER  BENNETT  O.  livery  and  horse 
dealer,  110&  112  N.  Washington  street,  was  born  in 
Perry  county,  Ohio,  May  6,  1820;  remained  there  till 
he  came  to  Peoria  in  1S46;  traveled  through  Ohio  a 
number  of  years  as  a  wholesale  ptddler  of  Yankee  no- 
tions and  dry  goods ;  was  also  engaged  in  the  staging 
business  in  company  with  John  Youtz  ;  stocked  and  ran 
a  line  between  Columbus  and  Wheeling.  Came  to 
Peoria  to  stock  a  line  between  this  city  and  Ottawa; 
and  to  Springfield,  Jacksonville  and  Alton,  and  from 
Quincy  to  Nauvoo.  Mr.  W.  engaged  in  the  grocery 
business  some  two  or  three  years,  in  the  old  Clinton 
House,  which  burned  about  1S54,  and  by  which  he  lost 
heavily  ;  in  1S55  he  went  into  his  present  business,  is 
the  oldest  livery  man  in  the  city,  and  keeps  a  heavy 
stock  for  the  road  ;  he  also  buys  and  sells  horses.  In 
January,  1845,  he  married  Rebecca  Sparks,  born  in 
Ohio,  near  Hebron.  They  have  two  children  of  each 
sex  living  —  Frank,  Robert,  Jessie  and  Maud.  Mr.  W. 
has  been  a  member  of  the  Board  of  Supervisors  several 
terms;  in  1877  and '78  he  was  Supervisor  at  large; 
was  City  Marshal  for  two  years — 1852-53  —  and  is  a 
member  of  the  A.  F.  &  A.  M. 

WARNER  JOHN,  mayor,  res.  105  Third 
street,  was  born  in  Perry  county,  Ohio,  October  11, 
1828,  and  is  the  son  of  John  13.  Warner,  a  native  of 
Maryland,  and  Hetty  Gordon,  a  native  of  Pennsylvania. 
He  was  raised  and  educated  in  Muskingum  county,  O., 
and  with  his  parents   came    to    Illinois   in    1846,    and 


settled  in  the  city  of  Peoria,  of  which  he  has  since  been 
a  resident.  From  1S52  to  '59  he  was  engaged  in  the 
clothing  and  furnishing  business,  and  from  the  latter 
date  to  1862  dealt  in  ice,  and  owned  and  managed  sev- 
eral fine  steamboats,  carrying  on  a  large  business  be- 
tween Peoria  and  New  Orleans.  He  was  elected 
Colonel  of  the  loSth  I.  V.  I.  in  1862,  and  served  with 
his  regiment  for  eighteen  months,  taking  part  with  it 
in  many  severe  encounters,  among  them  those  of  Chicka- 
saw Bayou,  Arkansas  Post.Vicksburg,  and  many  others. 
On  returning  to  Peoria,  he  was  for  two  years  in  the 
revenue  service,  and  then  obtained  an  interest  in  the 
wholesale  and  retail  liquor  firm  of  Spier  &  Co.,  which 
he  retained  until  1S74,  in  which  year  he  was  elected 
mayor.  He  has  had  the  nomination  from  the  Demo- 
cratic party  four  times  in  succession  and  their  success- 
ful support  three  times,  being  elected  each  time  by  a 
large  majority.  He  has,  during  his  extended  period  of 
office,  proved  himself  one  of  the  most  energetic  and 
progressive,  yet  at  the  same  time  economical  and  pru- 
dent mayors  the  city  has  ever  had.  During  his  admin- 
istration the  police  and  fire  departments  h.ave  been 
thoroughly  organized  and  equipped,  almost  all  the  en- 
gine-houses built ;  much  lasting  and  faithful  work  has 
been  expended  upon  the  paving  of  the  streets,  the 
workhouse  built  and  put  in  running  order,  and  many 
other  improvements  instituted  to  keep  pace  with  the 
growth  of  the  city.  Mr.  Warner  married  in  Peoria  in 
1851,  Miss  Elizabeth  Simras.  daughter  of  Alonzo 
Simms,  a  native  of  Virginia,  by  whom  he  has  had  eight 
children  —  John,  Dollie.  Harry,  Etta.  Aggie.  MoUie 
and  Daisy.  He  owns  his  residence  and  lot  at  above 
number,  and  other  real  estate  throughout  the  city. 

WARREN  WM.  carpenter  and  builder,  70S 
Fayette  street,  is  the  son  of  William  and  Susannah 
(Gagen)  Warren,  natives  of  England,  where  the  subject 
of  this  sketch  was  born,  in  the  city  of  London,  December 
9,  1842,  where  he  served  his  time  at  his  trade  and  re- 
ceived a  common  school  education.  At  the  age  of 
twenty  he  emigrated  to  the  United  States  and  located 
in  Rochester.  N.  Y.,  and  followed  his  trade  for  five 
years.  Thence  went  to  Chicago,  where  he  lived  eight 
years;  thence  to  Peoria,  where  he  has  remained  since. 
Married  Miss  Annie  McLaughlin,  who  was  the  daugh- 
ter of  Edward  McLaughlin,  nf  Rochester,  N.  Y.,  where 
she  was  born  in  August,  1841.  Six  children  blessed 
this  union,  four  of  whom  are  living  —  Edward  F.,  Wal- 
ter H.,  Charles  J.  and  George  A.  He  is  a  member  of 
Genesee  Lodge,  No.  3,  I.  O.  O.  F. ;  ^so  of  Apollo 
Lodge,  Chicago,  and  of  the  A.  F.  &  A.  M.,  No.  642. 

Warren  W.  E.  moulder,  res.  235  N.  Water  street. 
Washhonsen  Henry,  res.  119  Wiirren  street. 
Wasson  Joseph,  city  collector.  (Mty  Hall. 

WASSON  JAMES  W.  storekeeper,  res.  119 

McReynolds  street,  was  born    in   Schenectady   county, 

N.  Y.,  October  3,  1842.     Married  Miss   Lena  Scetzen, 


'00 


IIISTOKY   OF   PEORIA   COUNTY. 


daughter  of  Peter  Antonio  and  Anna  Mariah  Seetien 
natives  of  Germany,  who  came  to  the  United  States  in 
1856.  The  fruit  of  this  marriage  is  three  children, 
two  of  whom  are  still  living —  Mary,  bom  June  3,  1 875; 
and  Frank,  born  September  7.  1877.  Mr.  W.  enlisted 
in  the  4th  Iowa  Cavalry  Co.  E.  September  16,  1861, 
and  served  over  three  years  ;  was  mustered  out  as  ser- 
geant December  4,  1S64.  Was  also  on  the  police  force 
in  Peoria  nearly  seven  years,  and  was  superintendent 
one  year.  In  January,  1878,  he  was  appointed  United 
States  store  keeper,  which  position  he  still  holds. 
Wauon  Tbos.  J.  res.  1 117  Ttilrd. 

WATEKHOUSE   GEO.   FREDKICK, 

(deceased)  local  preacher ;  was  born  at  White  Lee,  Sad- 
dleworth,  England,  March  22,  T824.  His  parents  were 
James  and  Mary  Waterhouse.  The  former  died  July 
12,  1852,  the  latter  July  3,  1849,  '»<^*'  sixty-eight  years 
of  age.  Mr.  W.  learned  and  pursued  the  trade  of  cabi- 
net maker ;  for  the  last  fifteen  years  of  his  life  was  gov- 
ernor of  the  Union  Workhouse  in  Derbyshire.  April 
6.  1848  he  married  Mary  .\nn  Thrope  in  the  M.  E. 
Church  at  Glossop.  They  crossed  the  Atlantic,  landing 
in  New  York  June  I,  1857,  and  Mr.  W.  died  there  at 
the  house  of  a  brother  on  June  9.  Mrs.  W.  came 
immediately  to  Peoria  with  her  children — the  eldest  not 
being  eight  years  of  age — arriving  the  1st  of  July.  The 
care  of  the  family  developed  entirely  upon  Mrs.  W. 
until  the  sons  became  old  enough  to  assist  her.  The 
children  are  William  Thrope,  born  Jan.  II,  1849; 
James  Andrew,  born  May  21.  1852,  and  Fredrick  Alex- 
ander,  born  April  6,  1854.  All  born  at  East  Glossop, 
England,  at  the  birth  place  of  their  mother.  Wm.  is 
running  on  the  Wabash  Railway,  James  is  local  agent 
of  T.  P.  ^  W.  Railway,  and  Andrew  is  in  baking 
powder  business  in  Albany,  N.  Y.  James  is  also  treas- 
urer of  Peoria  Transfer  Company. 

Wauon  .lotiii.  No.  839  Mllllman  «tr«t. 
Wiiuirh  J<ilin.  Sr.  car[>i'ii(i.'r.  81'*  ■>'•  Ailains  street. 
Waueliop  R     itliulor.  301  N.  \V»lf  r  strrel. 
Wearily  K.  ladurvr,  rci.  1(J2  S.  Maillaoii  >troel. 

WEATIIE11I-.  EDGAK,  locksmith,  bell- 
hanger,  and  gciicial  repairer.  230  N.  Ad.ims  street,  was 
born  in  Kock  county,  Wis.,  October  2,  1840,  and  is  the 
son  of  Amasa  and  Kciiah  (Russell)  Weathcrl,  natives 
of  New  York  State.  When  eight  years  old  he  moved 
with  his  parents  to  Pcuria,  and  has  resided  there  most 
of  the  time  since.  There  he  attended  the  common 
school,  and  served  an  apprenticeship  to  his  trade.  lie 
enlisted  Jun^  19.  l8(il.  in  Company  II.,  8lh  Missouri 
Infantry,  and  joined  his  command  in  St.  Louis,  under 
Col.  Morgan  L.  Smith.  After  serving  about  six  months 
he  was.  in  onsequence  of  injuries  received,  transferred 
toho>pital  service  at  Paducah.  Ky..  and  on  his  discharge 
in  August,  18&2.  returned  to  Peoria,  and  in  the  Fall  of 
the  tame  year  began  business  for  himself  at  his  present 
location,  and  ha*  since  continued  it.     lie  married  in 


1863  Miss  Caroline   Ridley,  a  native  of  Sweden,  who 

came  to  America  when  an   infant,  and  losing  both  her 

parents  on  the  way  landed  in  the  country  an   orphan. 

By  this  marriage  he  has  three  children.  Jessie  D..  Edith 

M..  and  Bertha  R.     His  fatner  is  still  alive,  and  is  a 

resident  of  Arkansas.      He  owns  his  residence   and  lot 

at    1702   N.   Madison   street,  and   is  a  member  of  the 

local  lodges  of  A.  O.  U.  W.  and  I.  O.  M.  A. 

Wralherc'll  E.  whlte»nilth.  21T  Ad«m«  itreet. 
W>t»i*r  AuKUttt,  brewer.  S.  Admns  street. 
Wet>er  lieo    P.  liulctaer.  »08  N'   Adnins  slreet. 
Wel'cr  II.  cooper,  res.  105  Cedar  street. 

WEBBER  SAMUEL,  foreman  carpenter  and 
car  builder,  C.  R.  I.  A:  P.  shops,  residence  2S1  Bluff 
street.  Was  born  in  Devonshire,  England,  in  .March 
1826  ;  spent  a  large  part  of  his  early  life  in  London, 
where  he  learned  the  trade.  His  parents  were  Samuel 
Webber  and  Eleanor  Simmons.  He  married  Eliia  Hol- 
away,  and.  after  the  birth  of  their  first  child,  came  to 
the  United  Stales  twenty-two  years  ago  November  lost, 
and  settled  in  Peoria.  He  soon  after  began  work  for 
the  Peoria  and  Oquawka  R.  R.  Company,  and  about 
three  years  later,  for  the  C,  R.  I.  &  P.  Company,  in 
whose  employ  he  has  spent  seventeen  years.  Their 
family  consists  of  four  children — Elizabeth  E.,  George 
S.,  Julia  A.  and  Charlotte  E.  Mr.  W.  owns  a  home- 
stead in  the  city,  and  is  a  member  of  Lodge  46  A.  F. 
and  A.  M. 

\Veliber.lolin.  boots  ami  shoes.  13S1  S.  Adams streeL 
Wel>l»fr  N.   rrslilelK-e  334  i'laiik  road. 

WEERS  UEXRY  S.  (of  H.  S.  Weers  i  Sons), 
dealers  in  general  hardware  and  house  furnishing 
goods,  1 163  S.  Adams  street.  Was  born  in  Oldenburg, 
Germany.  January  i.  1S34,  and  is  the  son  of  John  S. 
and  Rindelt  Maria  (Clauser)  Weers.  natives  of  Han- 
over. He  was  raised,  educated,  and  learned  his  trade 
of  baker  there,  and  in  1854  came  to  America  with  his 
parents,  landing  in  New  York  in  July  of  that  year. 
They  settled  in  Cincinnati.  O..  and  he  worked  at  his 
trade  there  for  two  years,  and  in  1856  came  to  Peoria, 
and  after  working  one  year  at  his  trade,  started  for 
himself  in  the  grocery  business,  and  carried  it  on  until 
Spring  of  the  present  year,  when  he  went  into  partner- 
ship with  his  sous  in  his  |<rcsent  business,  and  keeps  a 
lull  line  of  stoves,  shelf  hardware,  tinware,  and  house 
furnishing  goods.  He  married  in  Peoria,  in  1S56,  Misi 
Kegina  Uenedina  Frayer.  who  was  born  in  Prussia  in 
February.  1833.  by  whom  he  has  had  seven  children, 
four  now  alive — John,  Anton,  Henry  and  Theodore. 
The  two  eldest  are  his  partners  in  business.  He  owns 
three  stores,  with  the  lots  on  which  they  stand,  on  the 
corner  uf  South  .\dams  and  Peoria  streets.  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Weers  are  members  of  the  Evangelical  Lutheran 
Church. 


Wriiilr  II.  Kjll. 
Wrbliuaii  M.   :. 
WrlKHlid  rilll 
Welliclle  V.  U.  ^  •> 
Kinti  Mnci. 


; reel. 
:>ili  ttreet 


•  ..,  .11  Jt  Co.  I.  resldeuec  417 


i 


PEORIA   CITY   DIRECTORY. 


701 


WEIS  WILLIAM,  United  States  Collectors 
Ofifice,  corner  of  Main  and  Washington  streets. 

WEISBKUCK  JOSEPH,  boot  and  shoe 
dealer,  400  S.  Washington  street.  Was  born  in  Prussia, 
April  4,  1822.  Came  to  America  in  the  Spring  of 
1852,  and  landed  in  New  York,  where  he  remained  a 
short  time,  then  went  to  Huffalo,  N.  Y.,  where  he 
worked  at  his  trade  three  years,  and  in  1855  came  to 
Peoria,  one  year  later  commenced  his  present  business 
in  company  with  his  brother,  who  remained  with  him 
iourycars.  Married  Miss  May  Schutz.  She  was  born 
in  Hessen,  Germany,  1827  ;  by  this  marriage  there 
were  six  children,  three  living- Carrie,  Lizzie  and 
Louis  U.,  members  of  the  Catholic  Church.  Mrs. 
Weisbruck  died  April  i,  1S74. 

Weiss  P.  cooper,  931  W.  Jefferson  street. 

Welsshrack  J  Itoots  and  slioes.  400  S.  Washington  street. 

Wplcli  .lames  JI,  pilot,  res.  401  Hurlbut  street. 

\\  el'h  1*.  res.  117  .Saratoga  street. 

Welrh  .lolni.  re.s.  301  Merrinian  street. 

Welcti  Robert,  807  Fir.st  street. 

Welclier  John,  saloon,  1367  S.  Adams  street. 

Wellfrock  C.  blacksmith,  res.  408  LaSalle  street. 

WELLS  HENKY  W.  MAJOR,  attorney 
at  law,  is  the  son  of  John  H.  and  Julia  (Tracey)  Wells. 
His  father  was  a  merchant,  formerly  of  Oswego  coun- 
ty, N.  Y.  In  the  Fall  of  1839  ^^  removed  his  family 
to  Wethers6eld,  Henry  county,  111.,  where  he  died  in 
1844,  aged  about  fifty-nine.  His  grandfather,  J.  H. 
Wells,  was  a  Unitarian  minister  of  Brattleboro,  Vt., 
who  emigrated  from  England  in  company  with  Dr. 
Priestly,  the  author  and  chemist.  Julia  (Tracey)  Wells 
was  the  daughter  of  Dr.  Ebenezer  Tracey.  Her  mother 
was  the  daughter  of  Gen.  Artemas  Ward.  After  the 
death  of  her  husband,  owing  to  the  educational  facilities 
of  Galesburg,  111.,  Mrs.  Wells  removed  thither  with  her 
family,  consisting  of  four  sons  and  one  daughter.  At 
the  age  of  seventeen  Henry  went  to  Peoria,  111.,  and 
entered  the  employ,  in  a  general  merchandise  establish- 
ment, of  Pettengill  &  Babcock.  In  1851  he  entered 
the  National  Law  School  (then  at  Balston,  but  after- 
wards removed  to  Poughkeepsie,  N.  Y.),  where  he 
graduated  in  1853  ;  after  which  he  was  admitted  to  the 
New  York  bar.  He  then  returned  to  Peoria  and  read 
in  the  law  office  of  Messrs.  Johnson  &  Blakesley, 
teaching  school  in  Winter  seasons  till  1855,  when  he 
removed  to  Cambridge,  Henry  county.  111.,  entered  upon 
the  practice  of  law,  and  very  soon  did  an  extensive 
business.  In  1862  he  enlisted  in  the  1 12th  Illinois  In- 
fantry as  a  private.  On  the  regular  organization  of  the 
regiment  he  was  made  adjutant.  In  1863  he  was  pro- 
moted to  the  rank  of  major,  and  made  chief  of  artillery 
of  the  23d  Army  Corps,  and  had  command  of  a  portion 
of  the  line  of  defense  at  the  siege  of  Knoxville.  He 
was  .tIso  chief  of  artillery  on  the  staff  of  General  J.  D. 
Cox,  in  the  Atlanta  campaign.  His  military  career 
ceased  with  the  close  of  the  war.  In  June  of  1865  he 
returned  to  Peoria  and  opened  a  law  office.     Since  then 


his  business  has  assumed  Large  proportions.  Major 
W'ells  is  now  candidate  for  attorney  general  of  the 
State.  He  votes  with  the  Republican  party.  In  1869 
and  1870  he  was  a  member  of  the  Constitutional  Con- 
vention. He  was  married  September  8,  1859,  to  Mary, 
daughter  of  A.  H.  Showers,  of  Cambridge,  111. 

AVelte  F.  &  Co.  grocers.  521  .S.  Adams  street. 
Wetike  George  F.  farmer.  West  city. 
Wenke  F.  J.  farmer,  West  city. 
Werner  P.  cooper,  1514  S,  Washington  street. 

WEST  JOHN  A.  circuit  clerk  and  recorder. 
Court  House. 

WESTON  &  CUMMINGS,  undertakers,  415 
Main  street.  Mr. Weston  was  born  in  the  Slate  of  New 
York,  June  12,  1847,  and  has  been  engaged  in  his  pres- 
ent business  in  Peoria  for  a  number  of  years;  three 
years  in  business  for  himself,  and  two  years  in  the  firm 
of  which  he  is  a  member.  Mr.  Cummings  was  born  at 
Pleasant  Hill,  111.,  November  26,  1S51,  and  is  the  son 
of  Samuel  P.  Cummings;  married,  September  10,  1873, 
Miss  Abigail  Francis,  daughter  of  John  and  Mary 
Francis,  of  Niagara  county,  N.  Y.,  by  whom  he  has  had 
three  children,  two  now  alive  —  Emma  G.  and  Mabel. 
He  has  been  twelve  years  in  the  business  in  Peoria. 
The  firm  has  been  in  existence  about  two  years,  and 
claim  to  do  two-thirds  of  the  undertaking  business  in 
the  city  and  vicinity.  They  carry  a  full  and  select  line 
of  coffins,  caskets  and  general  undertakers'  supplies. 

WELCHER  JOHN",  saloon.  log  Plank  road. 
Was  born  in  Bavaria,  Germany,  April  8,  1830,  and 
came  to  America  in  1850,  landing  at  New  York,  May 
2.  of  that  year.  For  the  first  six  months  he  worked  at 
his  trade  of  locksmith  in  New  York  city,  and  removed 
thence  to  Wayne  county.  Pa.,  where  he  opened  a  shop 
for  himself  and  continued  it  for  about  one  year,  com- 
ing in  1852  to  Peoria,  He  worked  as  a  laborer  for 
some  years,  and  in  i860  again  took  up  his  trade  for 
eight  months.  Then  worked  in  a  malt  house  till  1862, 
when  he  enlisted  in  the  82d  Illinois  Volunteer  Infan- 
try, and  served  with  it  eighteen  months  at  the  front. 
He  was  taken  prisoner  at  Gettysburg  and  held  for  six 
weeks,  being  then  sent  to  Washington  on  parole.  Af- 
ter a  short  visit  home  he  returned  South,  and  after  re- 
maining there  about  one  and  a  half  years  returned  to 
Peoria,  where  he  has  ever  since  resided.  He  married 
in  1851  in  Wayne  county.  Pa.,  Miss  Magdalen  Schlager, 
a  native  of  Bavaria,  born  there  in  1817,  by  whom  he 
has  had  three  children,  two  now  living  —  Barbara, 
Catherine  and  Louis  (deceased).  He  was  divorced 
from  his  wife,  and  married,  January  25,  1880,  Mary 
Oswald,  who  was  born  in  France  in  1830.  Mr.  Welch- 
er  owns  property  to  the  extent  of  about  $4,000. 

WELLBROCK  CLAUS  (of  Wellbrock  & 
Frederick),  blacksmith  and  horseshoer,  head  of  Walnut 
street,  was  born  in  Hanover,  Germany,  June  28,  1848, 
and  is  the  son  of  Martin  and  Anna  Wellbrock.     When 


702 


HISTORY  OF  PEORIA  COUNTY 


eighteen  years  of  age,  he  came  to  America,  and  resided 
in  New  York  till  1S69,  and  then  came  to  Peoria, 
February  Iq.  of  that  ytar.  He  learned  his  trade  in 
Germany,  and  worked  at  it  most  of  the  lime  he  was  in 
New  York  Slate.  He  started  in  business  for  himself 
about  eighteen  months  ago,  and  conducts  with  his 
partner  a  general  wagon  repair  and  horse  shoeing 
business.  He  married  in  Peoria,  October  13,  1872, 
Magalha  Kuck,  a  native  of  Germany,  by  whom  he  has 
had  five  children,  four  now  living  :  Martin  Henry, 
Henry  Edward  Rudolph  (deceased),  Carl  Edouard 
Johan  Rudolph.  Rudolph  and  Herman.  He  is  a  mem- 
ber of  German  Methodist  Episcopal  Church. 

WELTE  FERDINAND  (of  F.  \Velte&  Co.), 
grocery  and  saloon,  521  S.  Adams  street,  was  bom  in 
I!aden,  Germany,  October  18,  1833,  and  is  the  son  of 
Lawrence  and  Elizabeth  (Yeager)  Welle,  natives  of 
Baden.  He  was  raised  and  went  to  school  there,  and 
also  learned  the  trade  of  baker ;  came  alone  to 
America  in  1854.  landing  at  New  Orleans  in  February 
of  that  year  ;  went  up  the  river  to  St.  Louis,  and  after 
a  stay  of  a  few  days,  came  on  to  Peoria  and  has  ever 
since  resided  in  it,  and  still  docs  business  in  the  same 
block  in  which  he  first  settled.  For  the  first  four  years 
he  worked  at  his  trade,  and  then  went  into  partnership 
with  his  employer,  and.  after  six  years,  started  his 
present  business.  He  carries  a  slock  of  general  family 
groceries,  notions,  queensware,  wines,  liquors,  etc.,  and 
does  a  large  business.  He  mirried  in  November,  1S64, 
Elizabeth  Kingerick,  a  native  of  Illinois,  who  has 
borne  him  five  children,  four  of  them  now  alive : 
Charles,  Emma,  Elizabeth  and  Albert.  Is  a  member 
of  the  Cathiilic  Church. 

Wrt«tpm  F.  Ullor.  res.  108  Evans  slrtcl. 

Wctlf  I  Joliii.  mrpvritiT.  HOI  N.  Waltr  Jilreet. 

Wrx  Ix)Hl«.  nmi'liliilsl.  laoO  N.  Ailaiiis  street. 

Wlialoii  .la*.  lalMirrr,  ■.il4  ,*iniUh  utrfel, 

Whaleii  Rolit.  C.  rcn.  «0b  HIrkel  sireel, 

Whalrii  William,  tcamsicr,  res.  &08  Uurlbut  alreat. 

WHEELER  H.  N.  president  Mechanics'  Na- 
tional Hank,  2o<j  Main  street.  Was  born  in  Scioto 
county,  Ohio,  in  1811,  and  is  the  son  of  .\mos  Wheeler, 
o(  Wheelcrsburg,  O.,  and  Eliza  Snow,  both  formerly 
from  Connecticut.  When  eleven  years  of  age  he  left, 
with  his  parents,  his  native  county  and  came  to  Mon- 
roe  county,  O.,  residing  there  until  sixteen  years  of 
age,  at  which  lime  his  f.ither  died,  and  he  removed  to 
Burlington  where  he  completed  his  education,  iluring 
a  residence  of  five  years,  then  returned  to  Monroe. 
Shortly  afterwards  he  engaged  in  ihe  mercantile  busi- 
ness, until  1851,  in  which  year  he  came  to  Peoria. 
He  was  married  in  Hardin  county,  Ohio,  in  1837,10 
Miss  Matilda  .McCoy,  a  native  of  Putnam,  Musking- 
um county,  O.,  by  whom  he  hat  had  four  children, 
two  now  living  :  P.  C.  Wheeler,  now  sole  proprietor  of 
the  late  firm  of  Singer  &  Wheeler,  and  C.  K.  Wheeler, 
banker,  in  Cambridge,  lilt.     A  few  yean  after  coming 


to  Peoria,  he  engaged  in  businesi  ai  wholesale  grocer, 
under  the  name  of  Wheeler,  Sloan  &  Co.,  and  con- 
tinued for  five  or  six  years  and  did  a  large  business; 
sold  his  interest,  and  since  ihen  has  been  engaged  in 
real  estate  and  banking  business.  He  was  for  several 
years  director  of  the  Second  National  Bank  —  was  one 
of  the  original  directors,  and  upon  his  election  as 
president  of  the  Mechanics'  National  Bank,  in  January, 
1866,  resigned  his  position.  He  has  been  president  of 
the  Mechanics'  National  Bank  for  fourteen  successive 
years,  and  has  assisted  in  guiding  its  fortunes  through 
many  critical  periods.  In  1S79.  was  president  of 
Chamber  of  Commerce,  of  Peoria  ;  also  treasurer  of 
Peoria  Mercantile  Library  Association,  since  its  organi- 
zation.    Is  a  member  of  the  Presbyterian  Church. 

Wtieeler  H.  C.  wholesalp  ilrues.  .S.  Wati-r  itrfK-I. 
Whllaker  A.  tramalrr.  129  Hetrli  »lrr<-t. 
Wtilte  Andri-w.  brick  mason,  res.  303  Kloral  avenue. 
Wlilti"  Crosby,  (trocer,  citr  Ka>  etlc  ami  .Kilam^  ttreeta. 
While  K.  C.  ihlpper,  .stork  Yards,  res.  609  Slitli  screeu 
Wblle  C.  M.  rlulhlnK.  213  Malu  street. 

WHITE   LOUISA,  MRS.  1706  N,  Adams  st. 

WHITE  AISTIN,  engineer,  res.  1703  N. 
Madison  street,  was  born  in  Worcester,  Mass.,  in  De- 
cember, 1841,  where  he  was  raised,  and  came  to  Peoria 
shortly  before  the  war.  Shortly  afterwards  he  entered 
the  employ  of  the  C.  R.  I.  &  P.  R.  K.,  and  has  been 
with  that  company  for  over  fifteen  years.  He 
married,  Jan.  14,  1869.  Miss  Rachel  Webster,  a 
native  of  Illinois,  by  whom  he  has  had  six  children, 
four  boys  and  two  girls,  five  of  them  now  living. 

WHITE  BARRETT,   justice    of    the   peace 

and  real  estate  agent,  100  N.  Adams  street,  was  born 

in  Todd  county,  Ky..  March  26,  1824.  and  is  the  son 

of  Daniel    and    Eli/a  (.\nderson)  White.     His    father 

was  a  native  of  Virginia.     In  October,  I835,  Ihe  family 

moved   to    Illinois,   settling  at    W.ishington,    Tazewell 

county,    in  the    April    following,    where    they    resided 

about  ten  years,  and  in   March,  1847,  came  to   Peoria, 

where  he  has  ever  since  resided.     His  schooling  he  got 

in  Tazewell  county,  and  he  also  learned  there  the  trade 

of  brick  making,  and  worked  at  that  and  at  the  cooper 

trade  for  some  years  after  coining  to  Peoria.      He  was 

elected   alderman    from   the   fourth   ward  of  Peoria  in 

|85<).  and  held  that  oftice  at  various  times  for  ten  years ; 

was  elected  justice  in  1S62,  and  has  ever  since  held  the 

ofUce  ;  was  city  marshal  under  Mayor  Ilallance  in   Ihe 

years  1855  and  '56.       He  married,  April  q,  1877,  Mary 

E.  Ayers,  a  native  of  Ohio.       Mr.  While's  father  died 

in  1837,  but  his  mother  is  stilt  alive  and   a  resident  of 

the  cily,  at  the  age  of  eighty-three  years. 

Whllinan  .1.  res  307  S  Oranee  street. 
WliltliiK  II    II   rapltallst.  206  .Muss  street. 
WhltiiKire  ('.  whttesiiilth,  st>A  Kulton  street 

WIIITFORI>  S.  G.  builder  and  contractor, 
qoq  Fourth  street,  was  bom  in  Herkimer  county,  N.Y., 
Jan.  l8,  1828,  and  is  Ihe  son  of  Oliver  Whitford  and 
Polly  Vanderburgh,  natives  of  New   York  State.     He 


PEORIA   CITY   DIRECTORY. 


703 


was  raised  and  educated  there,  and  leirned  his  trade  of 
carpenter  in  Oswego,  N.  Y.,  where  he  resided  till  1S53, 
in  which  year  he  went  to  Canada  in  the  employ  of  the 
Grand  Trunk  R.  R.,  and  superintended,  during  the 
next  twelve  months,  the  erection  of  their  shops  at 
Cornwall.  He  then  went  to  Chicago,  and  was  for  the 
next  two  years  with  Cyrus  and  W'm.  McCormick.  com- 
ing, in  the  Fall  of  1S57,  to  Peoria,  where  he  has  since 
resided.  He  married,  in  Jan.,  1S56,  at  Sundford,  Conn., 
Miss  .Amelia  Scofield,  a  native  of  Connecticut,  who  was 
born  in  Sept.,  1S2S,  by  whom  he  has  had  three  children, 
only  one  of  them  now  alive :  Frank  Ernest,  born  Oct. 
7.  1862.  Since  coming  to  Peoria,  he  has  carried  on 
quite  an  extensive  business  as  builder  and  contractor, 
doing  some  seasons  as  high  as  $150,000  worth  of  work. 
Mr.  Whitford  is  president  of  the  Mechanics'  and  Build- 
ers' Exchange;  owns  residence  and  lot  at  above  num- 
ber, and  house  and  lot  adjoining.  Mrs.  Whitford  is  a 
member  of  the  Congregational  Church. 

Wliltly  B.  Mrs.  cor.  White  and  Taylor  streets. 
Wii-1 ,1.  A.  Krocer,  1200  S.  Adams  street. 

WILKISON  S.  secretary    Board  of  Trade,   res. 
304  Evans  stree'. 
Williams  George  H.  book-keeper,  619  Slain  street. 

WILEY  W.  R.  wholesale  flour  merchant,  209  S. 
Washington  street,  was  born  in  Windham  county,  Vt., 
in  1850  ;  is  the  son  of  George  R.  Wiley  and  Susan 
Johnson  ;  father  born  in  Vermont,  mother  in  Massa- 
chusetts. Parents  removed  to  Galena,  111.,  when  he 
was  seven  years  old,  where  his  father  engaged  in  the 
dry  goods  trade,  and  was  appointed  postmaster,  served 
during  the  war  and  eight  years  in  all.  W.  R.  was  in 
the  bank  there  seven  years,  and  cashier  the  last  three 
years  ;  came  to  Peoria  in  1876,  and  at  once  embarked 
in  present  business.  He  deals  exclusively  at  whole- 
sale, and  ships  to  points  throughout  Central  Illinois, 
having  a  trade  of  $130,000  to  $150,000  a  year,  with  a 
steady  increase.  In  1S73  he  married  Nellie  F.  Day,  of 
Galva,  111.,  who  has  borne  him  one  child.  Roy  R.  Mr. 
W.  is  a  member  of  Y.  M.  C.  A.,  and  he  and  wife  are 
members  of  the  Baptist  Church 

WILLIAMS  BENJAMIN  H.  general  West- 
ern agent  of  White  Line  Transportation  Company,  res- 
idence 202  N.  Jefferson  street.  Was  born  in  Marion 
county,  Ohio,  on  December  9,  1816;  is  the  son  of  Ben- 
jamin Williams  and  Jane  Hood,  natives  of  Maryland, 
where  they  were  married  in  1786;  settled  in  Chilli- 
colhe,  O.,  in  1798,  and  in  1812  removed  to  Marion 
county,  and  in  1825  left  the  farm  and  located  in  the 
town  of  Marion.  From  the  age  of  sixteen  years  Mr.  W. 
engaged  in  the  mercantile  business,  with  which  he  was 
identified  in  Marion  until  1862,  when  he  removed  to 
Indianapolis,  Ind.,  and  went  into  freight  transportation 
for  the  Great  Western  Dispatch,  on  a  salary  of  $2,400 
a  year ;  came  thence  to  Peoria,  in  1869,  continuing  in 
same  business,   but  changing  a  year  and  a  half  later  to 


the  general  agency  of  the  White  Line.  In  1839  Mr. 
Williams  married,  in  Marion,  to  Nancy  Leonard,  who 
has  borne  him  eight  children,  six  living  ;  Elizabeth,  Mrs. 
Jos.  Dodd,  of  Peoria;  W.  B.  Williams,  agent  of  Red 
Line,  Chicago  ;  Ella,  Mrs.  Stewart,  of  .St.  Louis  ;  Nan- 
nie, Mrs.  Wheeler,  of  Cambridge,  III.  ;  Charley  A.,  in 
railroad  business  in  Chicago;  and  Mary,  at  home.  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  Williams  have  been  members  of  the  Presbyte- 
rian Church  for  many  years,  and  he  is  a  member  of  the 
I.  O.  O.  F.  Their  son,  W.  B.  Williams,  went  into  the 
United  States  army  at  the  age  of  sixteen  years,  and 
served  three  years. 

WILLIAMS  GEO.  H.  book-keeper,  residence 
Knoxville  road.  Was  born  in  Appledon,  Devonshire, 
England,  on  the  nth  day  of  May,  1845;  came  to  the 
United  States,  March,  iS6g,  and  located  in  Peoria.  Mar- 
ried Miss  P.  J.  Bestor,  July  27,  1871.  She  was  born  in 
the  city  of  Peoria,  February  16,  1850.  Two  children 
blessed  this  union  ;  G.  C.  Bestor,  born  August  :o,  1872  ; 
Harry,  horn  September  3,  1874.  Members  oi  the  Re- 
formed Episcopal  Church. 

■\VIIIlanis  Jackson,  moulder.  235  N.  Water  street. 
Williams  .lacob.  res.  1 18  McRe\  nokis  street. 

WILLIAMSON  M.  H.  physician,  607  N.  Mon- 
roe  street. 
Wllllard  Wm.  Mrs.  res.  cor.  Perry  and  Hamilton  streets. 

WILSON  LEVI,  of  the  firm  of  Ballance  &  Co., 
contractors,  and  dealers  in  all  kinds  of  cut  and  sawed 
stone,  906  S.  Washington  street.  W'as  the  son  of  John 
and  Susannah  fDavis)  Wilson,  natives  of  Worcester 
county,  Mass.,  where  the  subject  of  this  sketch  was 
born,  on  the  15th  day  of  May,  1817.  Was  reared  on  a 
farm  until  sixteen  years  of  age,  when  he  was  appren- 
ticed to  learn  the  machinst  trade,  in  Lowell,  and  re- 
mained there  five  years;  while  there  helped  to  build 
the  first  locomotive  in  this  country,  being  in  1837;  then 
went  to  Boston,  where  he  followed  his  trade,  and  worked 
as  a  journeyman  for  six  years.  In  1856  came  West  and 
located  at  Peoria,  where  he  was  master  mechanic  of 
the  C.  R.  I.  R.  R.  shops.  From  1866  to  1S76  was  en- 
gaged in  the  coal  trade,  since  which  time  he  has  been 
engaged  in  his  present  business.  Married  Miss  Mary 
Pickerell.  She  was  born  in  Durham,  N.  II.,  in  1826. 
Four  children,  two  boys  and  two  girls. 
Wilson  Emily,  res.  710  Jackson  street. 

WILSON    GEO.  A.    attorney    at   law,    office 

Library  Building. 

Wilson  John,  c.ittle  dealer,  210  Pecan  street. 
Wilson  Levi,  res.  700  N.  Jetfvrsoii  street. 

WILSON  WILLIAM  H.  corset  manu- 
facturer, 320  Fulton  street  ;  was  born  in  1838,  in  Bel- 
fast, Ireland,  where  he  remained  the  first  twenty  years 
of  his  life,  he  immigrated  to  Canada  and  dealt  in  cattle 
nearly  five  years  ;  thence  came  to  Peoria  county,  in 
1865  ;  located  at  Chillicothe  and  engaged  in  buying  and 
shipping  grain  in  company  with  Richard  Scholes  ;  sold 


704 


HISTORY  OF  PEORIA  COU? 


out  ;  and  clerked  for  Messrs.  Hosmcr  »S;  Woovi  a  year  ; 
bought  and  sold  hay  for  a  time  ;  came  to  Peoria  in  the 
Fall  of  1S7;,  and  entered  into  present  business,  which 
has  steadily  grown  under  his  judicious  management ; 
he  employs  fourteen  to  sixteen  hands,  and  manulactures 
a  variety  of  styles  of  corset  goods,  which  are  sold  at 
both  whulciale  and  retail ;  being  shipped  chiefly  to  the 
Western  States.  In  1866,  Mr.  \V.  married  Elizabeth 
Flynn.  a  native  of  Dublin,  Ireland.  They  have  two 
living  children,  Be;;trice  and  Florence.  They  are  both 
members  of  the  Reformed  Episcopal  Church. 

Wllz  Ilpnry.  lalKirer.  rcii.  las  Cl.iy  sIrceL 

Wlnil  t..  ffardvlHT,  ffs.  I*r.ilrif  hlrt-et. 

AVlri'HaiitT  Ut*o.  rcH.  818  N.  Mautsun  ntreet. 

Wliiicrs  M.-irv.  refl.  :J16  GalLitlti  street. 

WllcliU"  Jan,!,.  ri-».  aU6  Nnw  slreeL 

Wolf  C.  dairy.  8«5  I'lank  road. 

WolS  K.  I.  awitriiin:iti.  T.  P..V  W.  res.  912  S.  Waahlngton  street. 

WOLFE  GEOllGE,  Peoria  Pottery  Co.  res. 
iao3  Hale  street. 

WOLFF  CHUI.STOFF,  dair)-man,  852  Plank 
road,  was  born  in  Hanover,  Germany,  November  I, 
1817.  Came  to  the  United  States  in  1S46  in  a  sailing 
vessel,  was  sixty  days  making  the  trip,  landed  at  New 
Orleans,  then  by  river  to  St.  Louis,  being  two  weeks  in 
making  the  trip,  having  got  stuck  in  the  ice.  Remained 
in  St.  Louis  six  years.  Then  came  to  Peoria  where  he 
worked  by  the  day  or  month,  and  in  1S65  commenced 
his  present  business  and  has  continued  in  the  same 
since.  Married  for  his  first  wife  Miss  Elizabeth  Fink. 
She  was  born  in  Germany  in  1815,  and  died  in  1S60, 
leaving  two  children,  Phillip  and  Mary.  For  his 
second  wife  married  Miss  Annetta  Willerding.  She 
was  born  in  Germany,  March  10,  1823.  By  this 
marriage  there  were  two  children,  Joseph  and  Anna. 
Members  of  St.  Joseph  Congregation.  Has  a  good 
residence  and  five  I(»ls  valued  at  $5,cxx). 

WOLFOlin  WILLIAM,  blacksmith  and 
horse  shoer.  Main  street,  near  Ellis  street,  was  born  in 
Hampshire  county,  Va.,  December  6,  1843,  and  is  the 
son  of  Peter  Wolford  and  Elizabeth  Short,  natives  of 
Virginia;  is  one  of  a  family  of  six  children.  In  185s 
he  removed  with  his  parents  to  Illinois,  settling  in 
Tazewell  county,  where  his  mother  still  resides.  He 
learned  his  trade  in  Dillon,  Tazewell  county,  and  after- 
wards worked  at  it  lor  five  years  in  Green  Valley,  Sand 
Prairie  township,  in  same  county,  coming  to  Peoria  in 
the  latter  part  of  1S77.  On  coming  here  he  started  in 
business  on  his  own  account  at  800  Main  street,  and 
three  months  ago  came  to  his  present  location,  where 
he  conducts  a  general  blacksmith  and  repair  business. 
He  married,  August  3,  i86j,  in  Ta/ewcll  county.  Miss 
Caroline  Scott,  a  native  of  that  county,  by  whom  he 
hat  lix  children  —  Frank.  Florence,  Emily,  Charles  and 
Harry.     Mrs.  Wolford  is  a  member  of  M.  E.  Church. 

Wnlfrain  J.  ivlllor"  I>lr  Smino."  118  S.  AiUlni  •trret. 
Wolfram  J   ri-«   Tin  >Vw  .Ircrt 
\V(»riili"r  Jan    rr»,  517  Killtoii  ^Irrrt, 
Wiinilrr.  Will.  H.  rlirk.  llfi  I.llif-rly  •!«•«. 
WiHxl  I.  v.  hariicm  •lioii.  MOi  .Main  alrcol. 
WoodruS  Oeu.  cooper,  (116  H.  Adami  strMi. 


wool  'F  NELSON  L,  (deceased),  was 

born  in  iS  :w  York  State.     His  parents. Samuel 

and  Clem<  •'oodruff.  removed  to  Ohio  in  his  early 

childhood.  the  age  of  seventeen  years  he  drove  a 

team  thro  Illinois,  removing    their    family    and 

effects  to  J  ■  'o.     They   settled    on    the    Kickapoo 

creek  nea  ty  in  1835.     Nelson  engaged  in  canal 

boating  I  *  Peoria  and  Chicago  until  1855,  then 
went  into  iiic  ice  business  and  continued  until  his 
death,  on  the  24th  of  Oct.,  1879.  after  an  illness  of  only 
seven  hours,  from  congestion  of  the  brain.  So  success- 
fully did  Mr.  W.  manage  the  ice  trade  that  it  grew  to 
large  dimensions,  being  the  heaviest  in  the  city  at  that 
time.  His  house  had  a  storage  capacity  ol  15.000  tons. 
In  1S45  he  married  Mary  A.  Monroe,  a  native 
of  Luzerne  Co.,  Pa.,  by  whom  he  had  six  children,  two 
sons  and  four  daughters.  Harriet,  now  Mrs.  Emmer- 
son.  of  Peoria,  Lois,  now  Mrs.  Luthy,  Jennie,  now  Mrs. 
H.  B.  Morgan,  Chauncy.  Ida.  and  Edward,  living  with 
their  mother  at  1025  N.  Jefferson  street,  Theicebusi- 
ness  is  still  carried  on  under  the  firm  name  of  N.  L. 
Woodruff  &  Co.,  under  the  management  of  Mr.  H.  B. 
Morgan. 

Wooilstein  Henr«-.  bricklayer,  res.  SOS  Chaml>»r«  avenur. 
Woodward  H   B.  toys.  etc.  SOS  and  20"  .S.  Adamt  street. 

WOODWARD  WALTER  B.  physician 
and  dentist,  corner  of  Jefferson  and  Hamilton  streets, 
was  born  in  1846  in  Cleveland.  Ohio.  His  parents, 
Henry  F.  and  Hesse  Woodward,  mother  a  native  of 
England,  father  of  Ireland.  They  removtd  to  Wiscon- 
sin three  months  after  doctor's  birth,  and  came  to 
Jubilee  township.  Peoria  county,  when  he  was  eleven 
years  of  age.  Afier  leaving  the  public  schools  he 
attended  Illinois  College.  Jacksonville.  In  1864  served 
five  months  in  the  I45lh  Illinois  Infantry,  in  Company 
C.  He  then  went  immediately  to  Europe  there  com- 
pleted his  studies  and  graduated  at  the  King  and 
Queens'  College  of  Physicians  of  Ireland,  in  April, 
1872.  Returned  to  Peoria  and  practiced  medicine  a 
short  time,  then  took  up  the  study  of  dentistry  and 
graduated  from  the  Pennsylvania  College  of  Dental 
Surgery  in  1S7S,  since  which  he  has  practiced  dentistry 
in  Peoria.  Doctor  married  Charlotte,  youngest  daugh- 
ter of  Charles  Roper,  of  Dublin,  Ireland,  in  187a. 
They  have  two  children,  Henry  T.  and  Charlotte 
Elinor. 

Wnrmn  K.  mal«ler.  r"-*.  108  South  mrcel. 
Worth  Saniuil,  |>aliiler.  SOl  .N,  Wairr  «lrert, 
Worthlniclou  N.  K.  alloriif).  olllrr  lOT  N.  .lelTeraon  •treeu 

WOOLNKR    BROTHERS,    distillers,  and 

manuf.iclurers  of  grape  sugar,  are  natives  of  Hungary, 

Europe.     The  firm  is  ci>m|>04rd    of   .\ilolph   Woolner, 

res.  204  N.   Madison  street,  Samuel    Woolner,   Imards 

at    Peoria    House,    Ignatius    Wiwlner,    res.    103   Sixth 

street,  Jacob  Woolner,  res.  101  N.  Jefferson  street,  and 

M.  H.  Woolner.  res.   615   N.   Jefferson   street.     They 


4 


PEORIA  CITY   DIRECTORY. 


705 


emigrated  from  their  native  country  in  1S67,  in  straight- 
ened, financial  circumstances.  First  settled  in  Louis- 
ville, Ky, ;  worked  at  yeast  making  and  later  at  dis- 
tilling in  the  employ  of  other  parties  for  some  years. 
Came  to  Peoria  in  1S70,  formed  the  copartnership  and 
established  business  as  the  firm  of  Woolner  Brothers  in 
1S72.  They  own  and  run  the  Grove  distillery  at  the 
foot  of  South  street,  are  the  chief  proprietors  of  the 
Peoria  grape  sugar  works,  a  combination  with  $100,- 
000  stock.  Also  owned  the  Union  distillery,  which 
burned  in  Dec.  1879,  and  which  they  purpose  speedily 
rebuilding.  The  capital  of  the  firm  is  estimated  now 
at  $250,000,  an  accumulation  of  a  few  brief  years, 
through  business  energy  and  judicious  management. 

WOOLSTEIN  HENRY  L,.  contractor  and 
builder,  605  Chambers  street,  was  born  in  Tazewell 
county,  Illinois,  1842.  John  Woolstein,  his  father,  was 
a  native  of  Prussia,  Europe,  and  his  mother,  Armena 
DeBohr,  was  born  in  France.  Mr.  W.  is  the  youngest 
of  four  children  ;  was  reared  on  the  farm  in  his  native 
county  ;  was  educated  in  the  public  school  and  by  pri- 
vate study;  came  to  Peoria  in  1S58,  and  worked  at 
coopering  in  the  Winter  season  until  seven  years  ago. 
He  began  the  contracting  business  in  1872  ;  has  done 
a  large  business,  employing  from  ten  to  forty  men  ;  has 
erected  many  of  the  prominent  buildings  in  the  city, 
among  them  Francis  &  Co.'s  distillery  ;  had  the  con- 
tract for  paving  Water  and  Washington  streets,  in  1878. 
Mr.  W.  spent  seven  months  of  the  year  1879  '"  Lead- 
ville,  Colorado;  owns  two  mining  claims  near  there. 
In_i864he  married  Miss  Amelia  Garvin,  a  native  of 
Kentucky.  Five  children  are  the  result  of  their  union 
—  Hattie,  Minnie,  Lillie,  Wallace  and  Harry.  Mr.  W. 
spent  three  years  in  the  war  of  the  rebellion  as  a  pri- 
vate, in  Co.  A.,  17th  111.  Inf.  ;  participated  in  all  the 
battles  in  which  the  regiment  fought ;  was  discharged 
in  May,  1864.  Owns  the  homestead  in  which  they 
reside,  worth  $5,000. 

Wrijyht  Andrew,  masher,  foot  South  street. 
Wrlirht  C.  v.,  engineer.  704  .S.  Washington  street. 
AVrlRht  James,    lerk.  res.  207  N.  Monroe  street. 
Wright  Jos.,  res.  1507  S.  Adams  street. 

WRIGHT  S.  H.  Mrs.  dressmaker,  in  S. 
Adams  street,  residence  316  Fayette  street,  is  the  daugh- 
ter of  Nesbert  and  Catherine  Young  ««  McNabb,  and 
was  born  in  1838,  near  Springfield,  Illinois,  where  her 
early  life  was  spent.  Her  grandfather  came  to  Illinois 
in  company  with  Abraham  Lincoln,  and  joined  farms 
with  him.  When  of  suitable  age,  Mrs.  W.  learned  the 
trade  of  dressmaking,  and  twenty-one  years  ago  located 
in  Peoria,  where  she  has  conducted  that  business  since, 
and  now  has  the  leading  trade  of  the  city.  On  April 
27,  1865,  she  married  William  N.  Wright,  who  was 
born  and  brought  up  in  Lowell,  Massachusetts.  He 
followed  locomotive  engineering  for  some  years  ;  spent 
three  years  in  the  army  during  the  late  civil  war ;  was 


three  times  wounded,  one  of  which  rendered  him  a  crip- 
ple. He  went  South  selling  machinery  about  six  years 
ago,  and  died  there.  His  marriage  with  Mrs.  W. 
resulted  in  one  daughter,  Gertrude. 

AVRIGLEY  WILLIAM,  wholesale  grocer, 
(Cutter  &  Wrigley)  117  S.  Washington  street,  was  born 
in  Lancashire,  England,  in  1822.  Crossed  the  Atlantic 
in  1841.  Spent  a  year  in  Springfield,  Illinois  ;  came  to 
Peoria  county  in  1S42,  and  settling  in  Rosefield  town- 
ship, engaged  in  farming  for  thirty  years  At  that  time 
there  were  but  five  houses  in  the  seventeen  miles 
between  his  place  and  Peoria.  In  1845  Mr.  Wrigley 
united  in  marriage  with  Ann  Greenaugh,  also  born  in 
England  ;  came  to  the  United  States  three  years  pre- 
viously. They  have  three  children  living —  Ellen,  now 
Mrs.  Barlow,  Jennie,  wife  of  partner,  Mr.  Cutter,  and 
Tames  H.  occupying  the  homestead.  Mr.  W.  removed 
to  Peoria  and  entered  the  grocery  business  in  1873, 
under  the  present  firm  name.  Their  wholesale  and 
retail  trade  runs  from  $75,000  to  $100,000  per  annum. 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  W.  are  members  of  Calvary  Mission 
Presbyterian  Church,  in  ivhich  he  is  an  elder. 

Waster  Jacob,  veRetaltles,  Cenrral  Market. 
Wynd  Jennie  F.  Mrs.  res.  '2205  S.  Adams  street, 
Wys  N.  boots  and  shoes,  lttlt9  S.  Adams  street. 
Y,ale  Geo.  C.  comnilssiini.  331  S.  Washington  street. 
Yarges  C.  teamster,  res.  Vib  KUza  street. 

YATES  HON.  JOHN  C.  who  is  now  serving 
his  fifteenth  year  as  judge  of  Peoria  county,  was  born 
in  Ohio  county.  West  Va.,  on  the  17th  of  August, 
1827.  He  is  the  third  of  five  children  —  three  sons  and 
two  daughters  —  of  Joseph  and  Mary  Yates,  ««  Cald- 
well, natives  of  Virginia,  now  West  Virginia.  John 
spent  the  first  ten  years  of  his  life  on  his  father's  farm, 
and  when  old  enough  attended  the  common  schools, 
after  which  he  took  an  academic  course.  His  father 
being  a  zealous  Presbyterian,  desired  him  to  study  for 
the  ministry,  while  the  son's  choice  was  the  law.  A 
compromise  was  effected  by  which  he  took  a  course  in 
medicine  ;  and  after  a  brief  practice  in  the  East,  he 
came  to  Illinois,  landing  in  Peoria  in  December,  1S46, 
with  the  intention  of  engaging  in  the  practice  of  med- 
icine here.  Not  finding  the  field  very  promising,  he 
went  to  teaching  school  in  the  county,  which  he 
followed  until  1853.  He  then  opened  a  farm  on 
section  i  of  Radnor  township,  and  devoted  his  atten- 
tion to  the  pursuit  of  agriculture  for  twelve  years.  On 
Felrruary  17,  1S65,  he  went  into  the  army  as  a  private 
in  Company  B,  7th  Regiment,  Illinois  Volunteer  Infan- 
try, and  served  till  the  close  of  the  war,  nearly  all  of 
time  on  detached  duty.  The  next  Fall  after  returning 
home  he  received,  unsolicited,  the  nomination  and 
election  to  the  office  of  County  Judge,  over  a  Demo- 
cratic majority  of  more  than  700  in  the  county,  he 
being  a  pronounced  Republican,  and  has  held 
the  ofTlce  continuously  since,  which  speaks  volumes 
for    his    efficiency    and    official     integrity    and     con- 


706 


HISTORY  OF  PEORIA  COUXTV. 


sequent  popularity  among  the  masses  who  have 
the  good  sense  to  value  the  man  as  an  officer 
more  than  party  affiliations.  Few  men  in  any 
position  of  responsibility  have  had  the  good 
fortune  to  win  the  esteem  and  confidence  of  so  many 
of  their  constituents  as  has  Judge  Vates.  He  married 
Lura  A.  Hitchcock,  a  native  of  New  York,  on  Novem- 
ber 17,  1S47.  who  died  July  so,  1S55,  leaving  one  son, 
Sylvester  M.  Yates,  now  residing  on  a  farm  in  Ford 
county.  III.  Judge  married  again,  on  June  17,  1857,  to 
Jane  11.  Ilargadine,  born  in  Ohio,  in  1S36,  by  whom 
he  has  five  d.iu^hters  and  three  sons — George,  Laura, 
Ella,  Ada,  Jennie,  Gertrude,  John  Dixon  and  Guy,  all 
at  home.  Judge  being  made  of  the  sort  of  stufT  that 
will  not  down  at  the  bidding  of  misfortune,  though 
having  experienced  his  full  share  of  it,  has  made  a 
financial  success  of  life.  Besides  the  old  farm  in  Rad- 
nor, of  120  acres,  he  owns  an  elegant  homestead,  to- 
gether with  considerable  other  properly  in  the  city,  a 
good  farm  in  Ford  county.  III.,  and  several  tracts  of 
land  in  the  West. 

YolnRjt  A.  (Ireman,  T..  P.  4  W.  bladcsmltli  aliaps. 
Young  M.  Mrs.  residence  211  N.  Monroe  street. 
Young  Peter,  policeman.  City  Hall. 

ZKIGLKK  J.  11.  C'apt.  show  case  manu- 
facturer, 215  Hamilton  street.  Was  born  in  Harris- 
burg,  Penn..  December  10. 1832,  is  the  son  of  Jacob  and 
Margaret  Zeigler,  nte  Meyers.  Mr.  Zeigler  spent 
much  of  his  time  in  his  father's  mill  till  fourteen  years 
of  age,  when  he  went  on  board  the  United  States 
man-of-war  Rover.  But  being  dissatisfied  with  a  sea- 
man's life,  at  the  end  of  two  years,  deser'ed  her,  and 
spent  a  year  and  a  half  traveling  in  Europe  ;  returned 
home,  and  went  as  a  drummer  boy  in  the  Mexican  war, 
near  the  close,  under  Capt.  Jos.  Totten  ;  returned  six 
mnnths  later,  located  in  Winchester,  Va.,  and  learned 
the  carpenter  trade  ;  then  spent  some  time  railroading 
for  the  Pennsylvania  Central  Company,  at  the  close  of 
which  he  came  to  Peoria  in  June,  1854,  and  pursued 
his  trade.  When  the  Rebellion  broke  out  he  recruited 
Company  E,  of  the  nth  Illinois  Cavalrj',  which  he 
commanded  from  September,  1861,  till  March,  1864. 
when,  from  ill  health,  he  resigned.  His  company  par- 
ticipated in  many  of  the  bloody  battles  of  the  war, 
among  them  Shiloh,  Corinth,  Vicksburg.  Upon  re- 
turning home,  Mr.  Zeigler  engaged  in  undertaking  for 
nine  years,  when  he  changed  to  his  present  business. 
In  '1859  he  married  Ellen  Smith,  who  was  liorn  in 
Massachusetts,  the  youngest  daughter  of  Harrison 
Smith,  of  Peoria,  who  has  borne  him  three  children — 
Warren  C,  Florence  and  J.  Frank.  Mr.  Zeigler  has 
been  quite  successful  in  a  business  way,  and  his  goods 
find  a  market  in  several  .States. 

7.riglrr.HI''t>tiki)l»  Mri..  rc«.  RIA  JrlTrr«on  itrcvt 
/.rlvlrr  JrtoIi.  riMiprr.  rr«.  VH I  Mrrrlnmu  tlrool. 
Zrlti  Win.,  blarliiuillli.  103  Planli  roul. 


Zeltx  F..  earpenter,  9t5  W.  Jefferson  streeL 

Zcll  I'hilllp.  rrs.  803  N.  Madlsou  tirnfi. 

ZI.MMI:RM.\>' .\NDKEW,  saloon,  ii6  N. 

Adams  street.  He  was  bom  in  Germany  Nov,  ;,  1S3B, 
and  is  the  son  of  Charles  P.  and  Annie  K.  (Uitewig) 
Zimmerman.  He  was  raised  there  until  sixteen 
years  of  age,  and  in  1854  came  alone  to  America, 
landing  at  New  York  in  the  Fall  of  that  year. 
.\fter  a  short  stay  in  Buffalo  he  came  on  to  Peoria,  and 
has  since  made  it  his  home.  In  August,  1862,  he 
enlisted  in  Company  E.,  82nd  Illinois  Volunteer 
Infantry,  Capt.  I.auder,  and  took  part  with  it  in  the 
battles  of  Chancellorsville.  Gettysburg.  Lockout  Valley, 
Missionary  Ridge,  Lookout  Mountain,  the  skirmish  at 
Loudon,  Resaca,  and  Dallas,  Ga..  where  he  was 
severely  wounded  in  the  groin.  After  lying  two  weeks 
in  the  field  hospital  he  was  moved  to  Chattanooga, 
where  he  was  some  time  in  the  company  hospital,  and 
after  partial  recovery  was  transferred  to  the  Veteran 
Reserve  Corps,  and  served  there  until  the  close  of  the 
war,  but  had  not  even  then  fully  recovered.  He  was 
mustered  out  at  Milwaukee  in  July,  1S65,  returned  to 
Peoria,  and  after  a  year  engaged  in  his  present  busi- 
ness and  has  since  continued  it.  He  married,  June  27, 
1869,  Miss  Bertha  Seibold,  a  native  of  Germany,  and 
daughter  of  F.  B.  Seibold  of  Peoria,  by  whom  he  has 
had  four  children,  Ida,  Annie  K.,  Andrew  J.  and  Minnie. 


/ImmFrman  C.  ros.  106  Tlilnl  strcfl. 
/.Inillp  Wm.  niuslrlan.  T'J3  Jarksaii  at 
/.Inillr  W.  UniKKlx.  G'Jl  N  .\<lalni  ntl 
Ziprlrk  t'.  J.  iiiUkT.  ri*,«t.  S.   KIni  alrrc 

■/....     ((..I^      .-.I......      U.>1     V       ft.lnn.  Balpu 


I  atrrct. 
■  atrcct. 

Ziprlrk  t'.  J.  iiillkT.  ri*,«t.  s.   h:ini  alrrcl. 
Zoti  .\K>I»,  saloon.  8'Jl  .N.  AUama  alreel. 

ZUGG  FLOUIAN,  manufacturer  tinwircand 
gasoline  stoves  and  burners,  406  N.  Adams  street,  was 
born  in  Switzerland,  March  9,  1823,  being  the  son  of 
.\drian  and  Aflra  (Scigel)  Zugg,  who  were  both  natives 
of  that  Republic;  resided  there  until  about  thirty-two 
years  of  age,  and  was  for  many  years  a  manufacturer  of 
muslins  and  other  light  fabrics,  doing  a  large  business 
and  being  in  comfortable  circumstances.  He  married 
there  in  1 8 54,  Miss  Martha  Krobly,  by  whom  he  had 
two  children,  both  now  dead.  The  effect  of  the 
Crimean  war  upon  his  business  was  so  disastrous  that 
in  1855  he  emigrated  to  America  with  his  family,  and 
landing  at  New  Yoik  came  to  Peotia,  neat  which  he 
h.id  an  uncle,  upon  whose  farm  for  the  next  eight 
months  he  worked,  and  then  came  into  the  city.  During 
the  next  fifteen  years  Mr.  Zugg  worked  at  many  occu- 
pations and  moved  around  a  good  dealt  He  has 
worked  in  a  lumberyard,  peddled  notions,  kept  a  gro- 
cery (at  which  time  his  wife  died),  painted,  sawed  wood, 
cut  stone,  coopered,  laid  brick  and  manufacluied  tin- 
ware ;  traveled  as  a  tinker  all  through  Iowa,  and 
returned  to  Peoria  in  1859.  He  enlisted  in  October, 
1661  in  Company  K.,  44th  Illinois  Volunteei  Infantr)', 
in  which  he  served  for  three  years,  and  had  many  nar- 
row eicapei  by  flood  and  field,  and  received  some  slight 


AKRON   DIRECTORY. 


707 


wounds.  He  was  mustered  out  in  Louisville  in  the 
Fall  of  1864,  and  returned  to  Peoria  where  he  worked 
at  painting  for  a  while  ;  bought  a  saloon  and  ran  it  for 
a  month.     He  built  his  present  store  in  1S71,  and  has 


since  then  confined  himself  to  the  manufacture  of  tin 
and  iron  work  ;  makes  a  specialty  of  his  gasoline  stoves, 
which  are  very  thoroughly  constructed  and  perfectly 
safe  to  use  in  the  house, 


AKRON    TOWNSHIP. 


Aldrlcb  C.  Mrs.  farmer.  P.O.  Piincevflle. 
Anderson  J.  fanner.  P.O.  Prlncevtlle. 

ANDERSON  JOSEPH,  grain  and  stock 
dealer,  res.  Stark,  Stark  county,  son  of  John  and 
Hannah  Anderson,  natives  of  Pennsylvania.  Immigrated 
to  Ohio  where  the  subject  of  this  sketch  was  born  on 
the  18th  day  of  March,  1827.  Came  to  Peoria  county 
when  he  was  three  years  old,  and  was  reared  on  a  farm 
and  received  a  common  school  education.  Married 
Miss  Susan  McGinnis,  daughter  of  Geo.  I.  McGinnis. 
She  was  born  in  Indiana  on  the  gth  day  of  December, 
1829.  The  fruit  of  this  marriage  was  eleven  children, 
eight  of  which  are  still  living:  James  W.,  Mary  Jane, 
Francis  M.,  John  H.,  Lewis  W.,  Robert  K.,  U.  S. 
Lincoln,  Nathan  A.  Members  of  the  M.  E.  Church  at 
Princeville.  Has  130  acres  of  land  in  Peoria  county 
under  good  cultivation  valued  at  $10,000.  Has  thirty 
acres  in  Stark,  on  which  he  has  a  grain  elevator,  two 
residences,  and  other  property,  valued  at  $5,000 ;  320 
acres  in  Kansas  valued  at  $5,000.  The  capacity  of 
elevator,  48,000  bushels  ;  cribbage,  17,000. 

ANDERSON  WM.  farmer.  Sec.  2,  P.O.  Lawn 

Ridge,  was  born    in    Northumberland,  Eng.,  April  3, 

1815.  His  education  was  received  in  his  native  country. 

In  1836  was   married    to    Jane    Hall,  a   native  of  the 

same  place   as   her   husband,  born  June  25,   1813.     In 

1844,  with  his  wife  and  two  children,  emigrated  to  the 

United  States  and    located   in    Peoria,  111.,  where  they 

remained   until    1851.     Thence    removed    to    Medina 

township,  where   he   remained   up  to   1856,  and   then 

came  to  Akron  township.     They  have  seven  children, 

five  of  whom  were   born   in  this  county.     His  family 

consists  of  four  sons  and  three  daughters.     Owns  640 

acres  of  land,  under  good  cultivation.     Republican  in 

politics.    His  son  Joseph  enlisted  in  the  Spring  of  i86i, 

and  served  to  the  close  of  the  war.     Mr.  A.  came  to  the 

county  in  limited    circumstances,  but  by  industry  and 

economy  has  accumulated  a  fine  property  and  home. 

Ayers  KOf?ar,  farmer,  P.  O.  West  Uallock. 
Bachus  Juliti.  farmer.  1'.  O.  Dmilap. 
Beach  Charles,  rarpenler,  K  O.  FrmcevUle. 

BEACH  I.,ESTER  (deceased),  farmer.  Sec. 
17,  P.  O.  Princeville.  Was  born  in  Canandaigua,  On- 
tario county,  N.  Y.,  August  10,  1S04.  The  principal 
part  of  his  education  was  received  in  the  schools  of  his 
native  town.  In  November,  1837.  married  in  Sandusky 
county,  O.,  Miss  Lydia  M.  Chase,  a  native  of  Hope- 


well, Ontario   county,   N.  Y.,  bom  August  27,   1818. 

In    November,   1S39,   moved    to    Farmington,    Fulton 

county.   111.,  and  April,   1841,  removed  to   Princeville, 

where  Mr.  B.  died,  April  21,  1859.  leaving  his  widow, 

who    still    survives  him,  and   seven    children,  Annie, 

Elvira,  Frank,  Cornelia,  Emma,  William,  and  Lester 

O.     Mr.  B.  left  a  valuable  estate,  highly  improved. 

Beach  I.ytlla  M.  farm.  P.  O.  Princeville. 
Berry  W.  farmer,  P.  O.  Dui]lap. 
Itenjamln  ,1.  H.  farmer.  P.  o.  Princeville. 
Blanchard  M.  M.  farmer,  P.  O.  Princeville. 
Bll>s  Ahner,  farmer,  P.  O.  Princeville. 

BLUE  WM.  W.  farmer,  Sec.  6,  P.  O.  Prince. 
vlUe,  son  of  James  and  Matilda  Blue.  Was  born  in 
Koss  county,  Ohio,  on  the  gth  day  of  March,  1827, 
where  he  was  reared  on  a  farm  and  received  a  common 
school  education.  Came  to  this  county  in  1844  or  '45, 
and  located  in  Radnor  township,  and  in  i860  came 
to  his  present  place.  Married  Miss  Rebecca  Wake- 
field. She  was  a  daughter  of  John  L.  Wakefield.  She 
was  born  in  Ohio  in  1835.  The  fruit  of  this  marriage 
was  nine  children,  seven  of  which  are  still  living,  viz : 
Nellie,  Belle,  Blanche,  Tilly,  Katie,  Harris  and  Nettie. 
Has  eighty-five  acres  of  land,  eighty  under  good  culti- 
vation ;  valued  at  ^4,000.  Came  to  the  country  in 
limited  circumstances,  but  by  economy  has  made  a 
good  property  and  home. 

BOUTON  AUSTIN,  farmer.  Sec.  30,  post 
office  Princeville.  Was  born  in  Knox  county,  Ohio, 
on  the  l8th  day  of  March,  1821.  In  1837  emigrated 
to  Peoria  county.  111.,  where  they  landed  March  7th, 
of  the  same  year.  On  July  3,  1875,  married  to  Miss 
Isabella  Bush,  a  native  of  this  county,  born  July  31, 
1S52.  The  fruit  of  this  marriage  is  two  children  — 
Amanda  Jane,  born  May  28,  1876,  and  Wm.  Thomp- 
son, horn  November  g,  187S.  Owns  335  acres  of  land 
under  good  cultivation,  and  is  one  of  the  solid  men  of 
the  township,  notwithstanding  he  began  life  poor. 
Democratic  in  politics. 

Bout<m  T.  P.  farmer.  P.  O.  Princeville. 
Hoy<l  James,  farmer.  P.  O.  I'rlncevlUe. 
Boyle  Thom.'Ls,  farmer,  P.  O.  Akron. 
Breese  John,  farmer,  P.  O.  Dun'ap. 
Bronsnn  K.  C.  farmer,  P.  O.  Princeville. 

BRONSON    De  LORMAN  T.    farmer  and 

stock  raiser,  Sec.  29,  P.O.  Princeville.     Born  in  Norton 

Center,  Summit  county,  Ohio,  on  the  25th  day  of  June. 

1S34  ;  emigrated   to  Peoria  county  with  his  parents  in 

1841.     Is  the  only  son  of  Hiel  and  Mary  D.  Bronson. 


708 


HISTORY   OF   PEORIA   COUXTY. 


Father  descendant  of  the  English  and  mother  of  the 
Scotch,  who  among  others  endured  all  the  hardships 
and  privations  of  the  Puritan  fathers,  known  so  well 
10  all  who  have  read  the  histo^  of  the  first  settlers  of 
this  country.  Mr.  B's.  primary  education  was  received 
in  the  schools  of  his  native  county ;  after  coming  to 
Illinois  attended  school  at  Princeville,  Farmington, 
Fulton  county,  and  at  Henry,  Marshall  county.  In 
1S57  married  Miss  Nina  B.  Gue.  a  native  of  Neville, 
Clermont  county.  Ohio.  Born  April  2,  1842.  The 
fruit  of  this  marriage  is  seven  children — Lewis  C, 
Annie  M..  Lillie  CJohn  W.,  Ernest  R.,  Mina  L.  and 
Bertha  K.  Owns  2CX)  acres  of  fine  fertile  lands  well 
improved  and  ranks  among  the  finest  in  the  county  ; 
valued  at  $50  per  acre.  Has  held  several  local  offices  of 
trust ;  is  Greenbacker  in  politics.  Mr.  B.  devotes  his 
entire  time  and  energies  to  his  farm  and  care  of  his 
stock.  Has  just  embarked  in  the  breeding  of  fine  sheep, 
ol  which  he  has  seven  imported  English  Cotswold, 
which  have  been  shown  at  fairs,  and  has  taken  six 
sweepstakes  premiums ;  also  has  a  mill  for  grinding 
feed,  costing  $3,000. 

BURDICK  EDWAIJD  W.  farmer  and 
cheese  manufacturer,  Sec.  24,  1'.  O.  West  Hallock. 
Was  bom  in  Alleghany  county.  N.  Y..  Jan'y  16,  1826. 
Mis  early  education  was  received  in  the  schools  of  his 
native  county.  In  the  Spring  of  1847  moved  West  in 
the  neighborhood  of  Farmington,  Fultow  county.  111., 
and  was  married  in  April,  1852,  to  Miss  Elizabeth  San- 
ders, a  native  of  Rensselaer  county,  N.Y.  She  was  born 
June  17,  1828.  They  have  four  children,  two  sons  and 
two  daughters.  In  the  Spring  of  1862  moved  to  his 
present  farm  in  .\kron  township,  where  he  owns  lig 
acres  of  land  under  good  cultivation.  Is  one  of  the 
proprietors  of  the  West  Hallock  cheese  factory,  an  in- 
stitution of  considerable  magnitude,  the  products  of 
which  are  not  inferior  to  any  in  the  markets.  Politically 
a  Republican.  Is  a  member  of  the  Seventh  Day  Baptist 
Church,  and  has  held  several  local  offices  of  trust. 

BUTTS  GEO.  W.  farmer  and  cheese  manu- 
facturer. Sec.  25,  P.  O.  West  Hallock,  was  born  in 
Chenango  county,  N.  Y.,  November  10,  1834.  At  the 
age  of  nine  years  he,  with  his  parents,  moved  to  Ingham 
county,  Mich.,  and  received  the  education  to  be  ob- 
tained  in  the  primitive  log  school-house  of  the  early 
pioneer  settlements.  In  1849  the  family  removed  to 
Fulton  county,  Ills,  for  one  year,  and  then  came  to  Peo- 
ria county.  Married  Miss  Emily  ToUelt  in  1858,  a  na- 
tive of  the  same  county.  They  have  four  children  — 
one  son  and  three  daughters.  Is  one  of  the  proprie- 
tors of  the  West  Hallock  cheese  factory,  a  very  exten- 
sive concern,  the  products  of  which  rank  high  in  the 
market.  Owns  220  acres  of  valuable  prairie  land, 
which,  for  fertility  of  soil  and  improvements,  ii  not  ex- 
celled  in  the  township.     Republican  in  politics,  and  a 


member  of  the  seventh  day  Baptist  Church.     Has  held 

the  office  of  supervisor  of  the  township. 

Brrnes  Patrick,  farmer.  P.  O.  tlunlap. 
Uyniet  Peirr  Mr».  f»rn>»r.  P.  o.  AKron. 

CALLERY  P.\TRICK,  farmer.  Sec.  10.  P. 
O.  Akron,  was  born  in  Roscommon  county.  Ireland, 
December  7,  1827.  His  education  was  received  in  the 
schools  of  his  native  country.  In  1 840  emigrated  to 
the  United  States  and  located  in  Saratoga  county.  N. 
Y.,  and  the  following  year  moved  to  Peoria  county.  III., 
and  in  1859  married  Miss  Bridget  Fulton,  a  native  of 
the  same  place  of  husband.  She  died  in  1863.  leaving 
two  children  —  one  son  and  one  daughter.  In  186S  he 
married  Miss  Mary  Fay,  a  native  of  county  Mayo,  Ire- 
land. Owns  160  acres  of  fine,  fertile  land  as  Akron 
affords.  Democratic  in  politics,  and  a  member  of  the 
Roman  Catholic  Church.  He  is  a  school  director,  and 
is  one  of  the  well-to-do  farmers  of  the  county. 

CHASE  P.  H.  farmer  and  stock  raiser.  Sec.  5. 
P.  O.  Wady  Petra,  is  the  son  of  Simon  P.  and  Ann  H. 
Chase,  natives  of  New  Hampshire.  Emigrated  to 
Peoria  county  in  1832,  where  the  subject  of  this  sketch 
was  born  on  the  1 8th  day  of  September,  1846,  where  he 
was  reared  on  a  farm  and  received  a  common  school 
education.  Married  Miss  Nancy  Caloin  for  his  first 
wife;  she  was  born  in  Pennsylvania  in  1844.  and  died 
November,  1872.  leaving  one  child.  For  his  second 
wife  he  married  Miss  Rachael  Smith,  daughter  of  John 
Smith,  who  was  bom  in  Peoria  county,  in  1851.  The 
fruit  of  this  marriage  is  two  children  — Carrie  P.  and 
Forest  M.  Held  the  office  of  road  commissioner  and 
assessor.  Members  of  the  Presbyterian  Church.  Has 
300  acres  of  land,  all  under  good  cultivation,  valued  at 
$15,000.  Mr.  C.  is  a  young  man  with  good  business 
qualifications,  and  is  one  of  the  sound  farmers  of  the 
township. 

CLINE  PETER,  farmer.  Sec.  22.  P.  O.  West 
Hallock,  was  bom  in  Oswego  county,  N.  Y.,  May  3, 
1831.  In  1835  his  parents  moved  to  Peoria,  III.,  where 
he  was  raised  and  educated  in  the  district  school  of  the 
county.  Is  the  third  son  of  Robert  and  Harriet  Cline. 
His  father  was  a  native  of  Ontario,  and  his  mother  of 
Oswego  counties,  N.  Y.  (both  died  in  this  county). 
The  subject  of  this  sketch  was  married  on  October  8, 
1862,  to  Miss  Myra  Mattison.  of  Rensselaer  county,  N. 
Y.,  born  May  14.  1835.  Four  children  blessed  this 
union  — Alice,  born  May  23.  1865;  Arthur  R.,  born 
January  23,  l86q;  Albert  J.,  born  October  16,  1871, 
and  Jesse  A.,  born  March  12,  1876.  Owns  24oacresof 
fine  land,  well  improved.  Has  held  the  office  of  Su- 
pervisor of  Akron  township  for  seven  year*.  Mr.  C.  is 
one  of  those  to  whom  the  township  of  Akron  is  indebted 
lor  its  present  prosperous  condition.  In  politics  he  is 
Democratic. 

(Mnnrllrr  Jotin.  f«rm»r.  l".  d.  ^,*r<>n 
C-roucli  A.  farmer,  P.  O.  We.1  llalloek. 


I 


AKRON  DIRECTORY. 


709 


Crist  Sarah.  P.  O.  Lawn  Ridge. 
Cutler  Henry  .Mr.i.  farm.  P.  O.  Prlnccvllle. 
Davis  EilKar  .\.  farmer.  P.O.  W.  Halloik. 
Delionl  HaMnali.  farmer,  P.  O.  Prliicevllle. 
DIcker-iciii  .liilin.  farmer.  P.  O.  Prlnccvllle. 
Dunn  \Vm.  farmer.  P.O.  Prliicevllle. 
EgKar  .1.  farmer.  P.  ().  Akron. 
Ernest  Allien,  fanner,  P.  O.  Southampton. 
KltzRcralds  J.  farmer.  P.  ().  Prlnccvllle. 
Flalurty  .John,  farmer.  P.O.  Princevllle. 
Krcs  ('has.  caiiienl.r.  P.  o.  Primevllle. 
German  F.  farmer  P.  O.  Princevllle. 

GRAHAM  JOHN,  farmer,  P.O.  Princeville. 
Son  of  David  and  Margaret  (Forsythe)  Graham,  natives 
of  Scotland.  The  subject  of  this  sketch  was  born  in 
Dumbartonshire,  Scotland,  on  the  7th  day  of  Decem- 
ber, 1841,  where  he  was  reared  on  a  farm  and  received 
a  common  school  education.  Married  Miss  Lizzie 
Bowman,  she  was  the  daughter  of  Robert  Bowman,  of 
Scotland,  in  1867,  she  was  born  in  1S52.  The  fruit  of 
this  marriage  is  four  children — Lizzie  S.,  Robert,  John 
and  Margaret.  Members  of  the  Presbyterian  Church. 
Politics  Democratic.  Mr.  Graham  came  to  the  U.  S.  in 
1872,  where  he  has  worked  on  farm  since. 

GRUNEK  GEO.  farmer.  Sec.  4,  P.  O.  Prince- 
ville. Was  born  in  Germany  on  the  Igth  day  of  March, 
1S25.  .Married  Miss  Augusta  Turum  in  1851.  She 
died  in  i860,  leaving  six  children,  one  son  and  five 
daughters.  In  1S52.  came  to  the  U.  S.  and  located  in 
this  county.  Married  Mrs.  Catherine  Vogel,  by  this 
marriage  there  are  three  children,  one  son  and  two 
daughters.  Owns  320  acres  of  land,  well  improved  and 
very  valuable.  Democrat  in  politics.  Enlisted  in  1845 
in  the  German  army  and  was  discharged  in  1849. 

Hall  Georee.  farmer.  P.  O.  Lawn  Ridge. 
Hare  B.  FT  farmer.  P.  O.  Princevllle. 
Harmon  .James,  farmer,  P.  O.  Princevllle. 

HARRISON  JOHN  R.  farmer.  Sec.  7,  Rad- 
nor township,  P.  O.  Princeville. 

HARRISON  PAUL,  farmer,  Sec.  31.  P- O. 
Princeville.  Son  of  James  and  Susan  Harrison. 
Father  a  native  of  England,  mother  of  Va.  Emigrated 
to  this  county  in  an  early  day,  where  the  subject  of 
this  sketch  was  born  on  the  1st  day  of  August.  1S49, 
and  reared  on  a  farm  and  received  a  common  school 
education.  Married  Miss  Alice  Smith,  daughter  of 
David  Smith,  of  Dunlap  ;  she  was  born  in  Radnor 
township,  on  the  14th  day  of  July,  1851.  The  fruit  of 
this  marriage  is  two  children,  Cora  J.  and  Ora  Ann. 
Held  the  office  of  road  commissioner  for  three  years. 
Politics  Republican.  Has  lOO  acres  of  land  under  good 
cultivation,  valued  at  $5,000. 

HAWLiEY  JEROME  C.  farmer,  Sec.  2, 
P.O.  Lawn  Ridge.  Was  born  in  Sandy  Creek,  Oswego 
county.  N.  Y.,  on  the  gth  day  of  June,  1832.  Emi- 
grated with  his  parents  when  three  years  old,  to  this 
county  in  the  immediate  neighborhood  of  Mt.  Hawley, 
received  a  common  school  education.  In  the  Spring  of 
1S65,  married  Miss  Sarah  Wilkison,  a  native  of 
Pennsylvania.  They  were  blessed  with  three  children, 
alive — Clarence  and  Jennelt.     Has  a  valuable  farm  of 


240   acres,    well    improved.      Has   held    several   local 

offices   of  trust,  and   one  among  the  early  settlers  to 

whom  the  county  is  indebted  for  its  present  prosperity. 

Democratic  in  politics. 

HcberllnK  .John,  coal  dlRKcr,  P.  O.  Princevllle. 
Henry  Margaret,  farm.  P.O.  Princevllle. 

HERVEY  JOHN,   farmer,   Radnor   township, 

P.  O.  Dunlap. 

Hitchcuck  Daniel,  miner,  P.  O.  Princevllle. 

Huag  J.  farmer.  P.  O.  Princevllle. 

HOI>GES  DAVID,  farmer,  res.  Valley,  Stark 
county,  P.  O.  Lawn  Ridge,  was  born  in  Kent,  England, 
Feb.  15,  1822.  In  1834,  emigrated  to  the  U.  S.  with 
his  parents,  and  settled  a  short  period  at  Saratoga 
Springs,  N.  V,,  and  afterwards  moved  six  miles  into  the 
country.  In  1852,  married  Miss  Jane  Standish,  who 
was  a  native  of  New  York.  She  died  March  23,  i860, 
leaving  two  children.  In  Sept.,  1852,  moved  west  to 
Stark  county.  111.,  and  married,  on  Feb.  i,  i86i,  his 
present  wife,  who  was  Miss  Nancy  Hutchinson,  a  native 
of  Ohio.  By  this  marriage,  there  are  five  children,  all 
sons.  Mr.  H.  has  a  beautiful  farm  of  550  acres  as  fer- 
tile land  as  Stark  or  Peoria  counties  afford,  elegantly 
improved.  Republican  in  politics. 
Honahan  J.  farmer.  P.  O.  Princeville. 

HOUSTON  WM.  farmer  and  postmaster.  Sec. 
l6,  is  the  son  of  John  and  Anna  Houston  ;  father 
a  native  of  Bedford,  N.  H.,  born  Nov.  30,  1767  ;  mar- 
ried to  Anna  Moore  in  1798.  They  had  ten  children, 
five  sons  and  five  daughters,  of  whom  four  are  still 
living.  The  subject  of  this  sketch  was  the  ninth  child, 
and  was  born  in  Temple,  Hillsboro  county,  N.  H.,  Feb. 
24.  1815.  Lived  with  his  father  until  he  was  twenty- 
one  years  of  age,  and  then  went  to  work  in  a  store  in 
Quincy.  Was  one  of  the  first  workmen  in  the  Man- 
chester Quarries,  and  helped  to  build  Amoskeag  canal, 
built  for  the  purpose  of  running  the  cotton  mills  in 
Manchester.  Married  Miss  Sarah  E.  W.  Chase,  on  the 
25th  day  of  Sept.,  1842,  and  immediately  moved  to  this 
county,  where  they  landed  Nov.  28,  1842.  In  the 
Spring  of  1846,  purchased  the  farm  on  which  he  now 
resides.  Have  tliree  children :  Henry  C,  W'm.  A.  and 
Charles  S.  When  he  first  settled  on  this  farm,  there 
was  not  a  house  east  of  him  in  Akron  township.  Is 
postmaster  of  Akron,  which  office  he  has  held  for  seven 
years.  Is  a  man  highly  respected  by  all  who  know 
him.  Came  to  the  county  in  limited  circumstances, 
but  by  industry  and  economy  has  succeeded  in  placing 
himself  in  a  comfortable  position.  Politics,  Repub- 
lican. 

HOAG  JACOB,  farmer,  See.  2g,  P.  O. 
Princeville,  was  born  in  Otsego  county,  N.  Y.,  Oct.  10, 
1814.  At  the  age  of  two  years  he  moved  with  his  pa- 
rents to  Niagara  county,  N.  Y.,  where  he  was  reared 
and  educated  in  the  schools  of  that  county.  In  1838, 
moved  west  to  Peoria  county.  111.,  and  married  Miss 


710 


HISTORY   OF   PEORIA  COUNTY. 


Abigail  Hill.  April,  1839.  a  native  of  New  York.  They 
have  nine  children,  six  of  whom  are  now  living —  four 
sons  and  two  daughters.  Has  a  beautiful  farm  of  160 
acres  ;  as  good  a  one  as  Akron  affords ;  also,  160  acres 
in  Morris  county,  Kansas.  Member  of  the  M.  E. 
Church  ;  also  trustee  of  the  same.  Republican  in  poli- 
tics. Has  held  several  local  offices  of  trust.  Had  two 
sons  in  the  Union  army:  Edwin  K.  serving  three  years 
and  five  months  in  liattery  A,  of  this  county  ;  and  Al- 
bert S.  one  year  and  three  months. 

Hufy  W.  11.  farmer.  V.  O.  Princevllle. 
Hu^toti  Hriiry  C.  f.iriner.  t*.  o.  .\kron. 
Hu^Ion  \V.  A.  fariniT.  I".  <l.  Akron. 
Jsckkun  (i   farmer.  P.  i'.  Walj  IVtra. 

KARR  .\X1)REW  E.  farmer.  Sec.  18,  P.  O. 
Princeville.  Was  born  in  Monmouth  county.  N.  J.,  on 
the  1st  day  of  September,  1S17,  where  he  received  a 
common  school  education.  In  the  Spring  of  1849  came 
to  Illinois,  and  in  1350  to  Peoria  county.  In  1869  was 
married  in  Davenport,  Iowa,  to  Mrs.  Charily  E.  Nixon, 
a  native  of  Ohio.  She  had  four  children  by  her  pre- 
vious husband,  three  of  which  are  still  living,  Annie, 
Diana,  and  G.ale.  Mr.  Karr  owns  200  acres  of  land  on 
sec.  iS,  under  good  cultivaiion,  besides  320  acres  in 
other  portions  of  the  township.  Republican  in  polities. 
Is  a  member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F..  and  one  of  the  largest 
and  well-to  do  farmers  of  Akron  township,  notwith- 
standing he  be^an  life  in  very  moderate  circumstances. 

K«arti  Eugene,  fanner,  P.  O.  Soutbampton. 
Kelley  P.  farmer.  P.  O.  Dunlap. 

KIXXAH  JOHN'  S.  farmer.  Sec.  16,  P.  O. 
Princeville.  Was  born  on  the  section  where  he  now 
lives,  on  the  l8th  day  of  December,  1846.  Has  165 
acres  of  valuable  land,  elegantly  improved,  valued  at 
$5,000.  His  father  was  among  the  earliest  settlers.  Is 
a  member  of  the  Detective  Association  of  Princeville. 
In  186S  commenced  in  the  milling  business  at  Coxes 
Mill,  on  Spoon  river,  where  he  remained  until  1874; 
thence  to  Princeville  for  a  short  time.  Mr.  Kinnah  is  a 
young  man,  with  good  habits,  and  is  respected  by  all 
who  know  him. 

KINNAH  JOSKIMI,  farmer.  Sec.  16,  P.  O. 
Princeville.  Was  born  in  Gallowayshire,  Scotland,  in 
l3oi.  Came  toCanada  in  1832;  lived  there  two  years  ; 
thence  to  Detroit,  Mich.,  where  he  remained  one  year, 
and  in  1835  came  to  Peoria  county,  where  he  has  resi. 
ded  since ;  lived  in  Peoria  nine  years,  where  he  followed 
draying  ;  in  1844  came  to  his  present  home.  He  mar- 
ried Miss  Margaret  Smith.  She  was  born  in  Rulher- 
(jlen,  Scotland,  on  the  22d  day  of  January.  1819.  The 
fruit  of  this  marriage  are  six  children,  four  of  which 
are  still  living;  John,  Joseph.  Robert,  and  David.  Po- 
litically Republican.  Has  160  acres  of  elegantly  im- 
proved lanil,  valuol  at  $8,000;  fifteen  acres  of  timber, 
valued  at  $750.  When  he  came  to  the  United  Slates 
had  not  a  dollar  he  could  call  his  own  ;  came  here. 


worked  for  six  dollars  per  month,  and  by  economy  hai 

accumulated  a  fine  property  and  home. 

Kllnck  U  farmer.  P.  O.  Prlncerllle. 

Ijilr  J.  farmer  P.  O.  PrlneerHle. 

Lvon.  .'i.  A.  farmer.  P.  O.  Ijwn  Rl>l(«. 

McCartr  J-  farmer.  P.  O.  princeville. 

.Mcl'iiy  .loslali.  tanner.  P.O.  Dunlap. 

McIH?ruu)l  J   fanner.  P.  *>.  .\kron. 

Mcl>uuna  Redinou.  farmer.  P.  o.  We««  Ilalloek. 

McGINNIS  GEO.  I.  farmer.  Sec.  7.P.O.  Prince- 
ville.  Was  born  in  Granger  Co.,  East  Tenn.,  on  the 
15th  day  of  Sept.  1802.  When  he  was  a  boy  about 
seven  years  old,  went  to  Butler  Co.  Ohio,  where  he 
was  reared  on  a  farm.  Afterwards  learned  the  printing 
trade.  On  the  1st  day  of  January,  1829,  married  Miss 
Sarah  Montgomery,  daughter  of  John  Montgomery  (a 
soldier  of  the  Revolutionary  War).  Was  bom  in  Rus- 
sell Co.,  Va.,  on  the  2oih  day  of  Sept.  1812.  The  fruits 
of  this  marriage  was  twelve  children,  nine  of  which  are 
still  living,  viz.,  Susanna,  John,  James,  Nancy  Mary, 
Elizabeth,  Jane,  George  '.,  and  Charles.  Members  of 
the  M.  E.  Church.  In  the  Fall  of  1835  left  Indiana 
in  wagons,  taking  ten  days  to  make  the  trip  to 
this  county,  camping  out  and  doing  their  own  cooking. 
Moved  into  a  log  cabin  16x17,  »'"•>  *  six  lighted  window 
and  puncheons  for  floors.  Came  here  in  limited  cir- 
cumstances, but  by  industry  and  economy  accumulated 
a  fine  property  and  home.  Was  among  the  earliest 
settlers  and  respected  by  all  who  knew  him. 

Mever  .Tolin.  farmer.  P.  O.  Southampton. 
.Miller  John,  farmer,  P.  O.  W.  Ilalleck. 
Morrow  H.  farmer.  P.  O.  Princeville. 

MORROW  JOSI.VH,  farmer.  Sec.  20,  P.  O. 
Princeville.  Was  born  in  this  township  on  Sec.  18, 
Sept.  2O,  1834.  Married  in  1863  to  Miss  Ellen  .\ldrich, 
a  native  of  Cheshire  Co,  N.  H.  They  have  been  blessed 
with  a  family  of  five  children,  two  sons  and  three 
daughters.  Owns  233  acres  of  land  under  good  culti- 
vation. Is  a  member  of  the  Presbyterian  Church,  and 
is  trustee  of  the  same.  Has  had  several  local  offices  of 
trust.  Democrat  in  politics. 
.MulllKan  <•.  farmer.  P.  O.  Princeville. 

MUNC'Y  ORSON  J.  farmer.  Sec.  13.  P-  O. 
West  Hallock.  Was  born  in  .Madison  Co..  N.  Y..  July 
28,  1845.  Received  a  liberal  education  in  his  native 
county.  In  1872,  married  Miss  Charlotte  B.  Crandall.  1 
native  of  the  same  county  as  her  husband,  born  Aug. 
7,  1846.  They  have  been  blessed  with  a  family  of  two 
children,  Alice  L.,  l>orn  Nov.  20,  1875,  Anna  M., 
March  25,  1878.  In  January,  1874.  emigrated  to 
I'eoria  Co.,  and  purchased  the  beautiful  farm  on  which 
he  now  resides,  in  Akron  township,  containing  eighty 
acres  as  fine  land  as  the  county  affords.  Republican 
in  politics  and  attend  the  seventh  day  Baptist  Church.  If 
at  present  justice  of  the  peace,  and  an  energetic,  enter- 
prising citizen. 

Murray  Jamea.  earpenicr,  P.  o.  PrlnceTllle. 
Nurinan  M.   farmer.  P.  o,  PrlnrcTllle. 

OERTLEY  C.VSPER,  farmer.  Sec.   lo,  P.  O. 


AKRON   DIRECTORY. 


711 


Akron.     Was  born  in  Switzerland,  Feb,  27,  1831.    His 

education  was  principally  obtained  in  the  schools  of  his 

native   country.      In    1848    emigrated   to    the    United 

States  and  settled  in  Peoria  Co,,  111,     Married  in   1S68 

Miss  Mary  .M.  Jaus,  a  native  of  Wirtemburg,  Germany, 

born    Sept.   23,   1849.     Owns  one   hundred  and    sixty 

acres  of  land  highly  cultivated.    Democratic  in  politics. 

Is  town   clerk,  and   has    been   township    treasurer  for 

twelve  years.     Has  since  1852  devoted  his  entire  lime 

and  energies  towards  the  improvement  of  his  farm  and 

has  succeeded  in  placing   himself   in    comfortable   cir- 

stances. 

Oertlej-  F.  farmer.  P.  O.  Akron. 
Oertley  Henry,  farmer,  P.  O.  .-Vkron. 
Oertley  John|  farmer,  P.  O.  Akron. 

PARKS  STEEN  B.  farmer,  Sec.  34,  P.  O. 
Dunlap.  Was  born  in  Ivnox  county,  O.,  November  28, 
1836,  and  received  his  early  education  in  the  schools  of 
his  native  county.  In  l86l  enlisted  in  Co.  B.,  4th  Ohio 
Vol.  Inf.,  and  served  three  months,  and  received  a 
recruiting  commission  and  returned  home.  Recruited 
one  company  for  the  Syth  Ohio,  three  months  men, 
.\fterwards  recruited  another  company  for  the  124th 
Ohio  in  the  P'all  of  1862,  and  went  as  its  captain,  and 
served  until  July,  1864.  Was  discharged  on  account 
of  being  disabled  on  the  march  from  Chattanooga, 
Tenn.,  to  Atlanta,  Ga.,  after  which  time  served  three 
months  as  military  conductor  on  the  Chattanooga  and 
Atlanta  R.  R.  In  the  Fall  of  1S46  came  West  to 
Peoria  county,  and  taught  school  for  some  five  years,  in 
the  district  schools  of  the  county.  In  1867  married 
Miss  .•\manda  Yates,  a  native  of  Virginia.  They  have 
a  family  of  four  sons.  In  1871,  began  farming  in  Sec. 
34.  and  owns  no  acres  fertile  prairie  land,  highly  im- 
proved. Is  a  member  of  the  Presbyterian  Church. 
Republican  in  politics.  Has  held  the  office  of  super- 
visor one  term. 

Parker  Lavlna,  P.  O.  Prlncevllle. 
Parks  S.  U,  farmer.  P.  o.  Dunlap. 

PETEK.S  JAMES.  Was  born  in  Coventry, 
Warwickshire,  Eng.,  October  16,  1808.  His  early 
education  was  received  in  the  schools  of  his  native 
county,  and  also  learned  the  trade  of  silk  manufactur- 
ing, serving  an  apprenticeship  of  seven  years.  In  May, 
1838,  immigrated  to  this  county.  On  January  16,  1841, 
married  Miss  Alice  Giles,  native  of  New  York  State. 
Ten  children  blessed  this  union,  six  sons  and  four 
daughters.  Owns  a  beautiful  farm  of  160  acres,  rank- 
ing with  any  in  the  township,  being  in  a  state  of  high 
cultivation.  His  wife  and  family  are  members  of  the 
M.  E.  Church.  His  son  Julius  enlisted,  in  the  Spring 
of  1865,  in  the  Union  army,  and  served  until  its  close. 
Republican  in  politics. 

Pfeefer  .\nton.  farmer.  P.  O.  Lawn  Ridge. 
Plunkec  .fames,  farmer.  P.  (>.  Akron. 
Potter  U.  E.  farjaer,  P.  O.  West  llallock. 

POTTER    JOHN    S,    farmer.  Sec.  26,   P.  O. 


West  Hallock.  Son  of  Asa  C.  and  Lucy  (Eldrich)  Pot- 
ter, natives  of  York  State.  Father  born  August  6, 1804, 
mother  March  16,  1806,  The  subject  of  this  sketch 
was  born  in  Rensselaer  county,  N,  Y.,  on  the  6th  day  of 
July,  1834,  where  he  received  a  primary  school  educa- 
tion. In  1850  moved  West  to  Farmington,  Fulton 
county,  111.,  where  he  completed  his  education  in  the 
high  schools  of  that  town.  After  a  residence  of  two 
years  in  that  county,  removed  to  Akron  township.  On 
July  17, 185S,  married  Miss  Ellen  M.  Brassfield,  a  native 
of  Fulton  county,  111.  She  was  born  May  3,  1841. 
They  were  blessed  with  a  family  of  seven  children. 
Nellie,  born  January  7,  i860  ;  M.  Devillo,  September 
7,  1861  ;  Asa  E.,  October  23,  1864;  Frank,  March  6, 
1S67  ;  Ida  E.,  February  ir,  1869;  Charlie,  June  12, 
1872  ;  Noel  J.,  May  14,  1S77.  Owns  440  acres  of  land, 
highly  improved,  valued  at  $30,000.  Democratic  in 
politics.  Is  at  present  supervisor,  and  has  held  several 
local  offices  ol  trust.  Mr.  P.  is  one  of  the  solid  farmers 
of  the  county. 
Potter. I.  .M.  farmer,  P.  O.  Lawn  Ridge. 

POTTER  JULIUS  A.  merchant  and  post- 
master, West  Hallock.  Was  born  in  Little  Genessee, 
Alleghany  county,  N.  Y.,  on  the  l6th  day  of  April, 
1S44.  His  early  education  was  received  in  the  public 
schools  of  his  native  town,  and  his  academic  at  Alfred 
Center,  Academy  of  Alfred,  Alleghany  county,  N.  Y. 
In  1S60  moved  to  Peoria  county.  111.,  and  married  in  the 
Spring  of  1S66,  Miss  Mary  C.  Hicks,  of  this  county, 
born  December  i,  1846.  The  fruit  of  this  marriage  is 
two  children,  Anthony,  aged  eleven  years,  and  Mary, 
aged  five  years.  In  186S,  embarked  in  his  present  busi- 
ness, which  by  his  untiring  zeal  has  been  brought 
to  a  magnitude  which  promises  wealth  at  no  far  distant 
day.  Republican  in  politics,  and  a  member  of  the 
Seventh  Day  Baptist  Church.  Is  postmaster,  which 
position  he  has  held  ever  since  he  commenced  in  busi- 
ness, with  a  short  intermission.  Enlisted,  in  1861,  in 
Col.  Robert  Ingersoll's  nth  Cavalry,  and  was  disabled 
and  discharged  on  the  field  at  Corinth,  Miss.,  in  1862. 

Potter  R.  fanner,  P.  O.  Lawn  Ridge. 
Pulleii  \Vm.  far    er.  P.  O.  IJuiilap. 
Purcell  Kdward,  farmer,  P.O.  PilncevlIIe. 
Purceli  U.  C.  farmer,  P.  O   Dunlap. 
Rice  .James,  farmer.  P.  o.  .\kron. 
Robinson  Mrs.  P.  U.  Prlnceville. 
Rogers  Win.  farmer,  P.  O.  Dunlap. 

KOWCJLIFFE  GEORtiE,  farmer.  Sec.  21, 
P.  O.  Princeville,  son  of  John  and  Grace  Rowcliffe 
(natives  of  England),  emigrated  to  the  Unittd  States  in 
1S36,  and  located  in  Huron  county,  Ohio,  where  his 
father  died  in  1861  ;  mother  died  coming  to  this 
country.  The  subject  of  this  sketch  was  born  in  Dev- 
onshire, England,  on  the  first  day  of  July,  1829,  where 
he  was  reared  on  a  farm  and  received  a  common 
school  education.  When  he  was  seven  years  old,  came 
to  this  country  and  remained  in  Huron  county  until 
1866,  when  he  came  to  Peoria  county  and   located    on 


712 


HISTOKY  OF  PEORIA   COUNTY. 


section  21.  Akron  township.  Married  Miss  Harriet 
E.  Hatfield,  daughter  of  Nathan  Hatfield.  She  was 
born  in  Huron  county,  Ohio,  on  the  Joth  day  of  De- 
cember, 1833.  The  fruit  of  this  marriage  was  three 
children  :  Willis,  Mary  and  Burt.  Members  of  the 
Presbyterian  Church.  Politics,  Republican.  Held 
the  offices  of  collector,  assessor,  and  school  trustee. 
Has  one  hundred  and  forty  acres  of  land  under  good 
cultivation ;  probable  value,  $9,CXX3.  Mr.  Rowcliffe 
has  a  fine  farm  and  bouse  and  is  one  of  the  sound 
farmers  of  the  county. 

RUSSELL  EBON,  farmer.  Sec.  16,  P.  O. 
Princeville,  was  born  in  Beaver,  now  Lawrence  county, 
Penn.,  November  13,  1811.  The  principal  part  of  his 
education  was  received  in  his  native  county.  In  1828, 
he  moved  to  Wayne  county,  Ohio.  Married  Miss 
Edith  Emery,  in  1834,  a  native  of  Mercer  county.  Pa. 
The  fruit  of  this  marriage  was  thirteen  children,  eight 
of  whom  are  still  living  ;  three  sons  and  five  daugh- 
ters. Owns  two  hundred  and  sixty  acres  of  land  in 
Akron  township,  well  improved.  Republican  in  poli- 
tics. Member  of  the  M.  E.  Church.  Has  held 
several  local  offices  of  trust  in  the  township,  and  is  one 
of  the  well  to  do  farmers.  Had  three  sons  in  the  Union 
Army :  Cunard  E.,  James  A.,  and  Joseph.  C.  E. 
served  four  years  and  J,  A.  three  years ;  Joseph  but  a 
few  months. 

RailFrlr  A.  farmer,  1'.  O.  West  llallock. 
Slo»n  A.  D.  farmer.  P.  O.  Princeville. 

SLOAN  HENRY  A.  farmer.  Sec.  18,  P.  O. 
Princeville,  was  born  in  Sloanville,  Schoharie  county, 
N.  v.,  June  5,  1823.  His  early  education  was  limited 
to  the  common  schools  of  his  native  county.  On  the 
7th  day  of  December,  1S38,  the  family  moved  West  to 
Farmington,  Fulton  county,  Illinois,  and  removed  to 
Akron,  this  county,  in  1839.  Married  in  the  town  of 
Princeville,  in  1849,  to  Miss  Mary  Ann  Reed,  of  Rip- 
ley, Brown  county,  Ohio,  born  February  16,  1830 ; 
she  died  March  7,  1S77.  Own  four  hundred  and  eighty 
acres  of  farm  land,  two  hundred  and  eighty  of  which 
is  in  I'eoria  county,  and,  for  fertility  of  soil,  is  not  sur- 
passed in  the  county.     Is  the  fourth   son  of  John    R. 


and  Maria  Sloan;  father,  native  of  Massachusetts : 
mother,  of  Newton,  N.  J.;  both  of  whom  died  in  this 
county.  Mr.  Sloan  is  among  the  large  and  well  to  do 
farmers  of  the  county,  to  whom  it  looks  for  a  continu- 
ance of  its  present  prosperity. 

SLO.\N  JEROME,  farmer.  Sec.  19,  P  O. 
Princeville.  Was  horn  in  Sloanville,  Schoharie  coun- 
ty, N.  Y.,  January  15,  1816.  Received  a  common 
school  education.  In  1839.  the  family  moved  to  Peoria 
county.  Married  Miss  Charlotte  Barnes,  in  i860:  the 
fruit  of  this  marriage  was  nine  children,  seven  sons 
and  two  daughters,  viz:  Augustus,  Wallace,  Woodbury, 
Burtran,  Jerome,  Frank,  Charles,  Lottie,  and  Eva.  He 
owns  560  acres  of  land,  the  home  place  containing  160 
acres  of  as  fine  land  as  Akron  affords.  Was  among 
the  earliest  citizens  of  this  part  of  the  county.  Repub- 
lican in  politics. 

Smith  M.  farmer.  SlarH  county. 
Smllli  Win.  P.  funner,  P.  O.  West  llallock. 
.stansbun  K  fanner.  P.  o.  Prlnrcrllle. 
Sl.l|il«-i  ThuniM.  farmer,  P.  O.  West  Hallack. 
Stlllroan  Hen).  f»rm.-r.  P.  O.  We»I  Hallock. 
.Sllllniaii  .S.  II.  farmer.  P.  u.  Wr»t  HallacK. 
Stonenian  M.  farmer.  P.  o.  Princeville. 
Strange  Henrj.  fanner.  P.  O    West  Hallock. 
Straelmaller  J.  farmer.  P.  It.  Akron. 
.Slmelmatler  C.  farmer,  P.  O.  Akntn. 
Slreetmaler  Geo.  farmer.  P.  <>.  Akron. 
Trace)  E.  farmer.  P.  O.  Princeville. 

WILLIAMS  V.^UGHN,  farmer.  Sec.  30.  P. 
O.  Princeville.  Was  born  in  Fredericktown,  Knox 
county,  O.,  March  13,  1818.  where  he  received  a  com- 
mon school  education.  In  February,  1S40,  moved  to 
this  county,  where  he  landed  on  the  iSth  of  the  same 
month.  In  1843  married  Miss  Viola  Hall,  a  native  of 
the  same  county  as  her  husband,  born  December  25, 
1824.  They  have  been  blessed  with  a  family  of  ten 
children,  five  sons  and  five  daughters.  Owns  a  farm  of 
240  acres  of  valuable  land,  well  improved.  Came  to 
the  county  in  limited  circumstances,  but  by  hard  work 
and  judicious  management  has  accumulated  a  fine 
property  and  home. 

While  Samuel,  farmer.  P.  O.  Dunlap. 
Williams  V.  farmer.  P.  O.  Princeville. 
Wllsiin  A.  farmer.  P  t>    Princeville. 
Wllauii  W.  II.  fanner.  P.  O.  Princeville. 
Wollf  liavld,  farmer.  P  (>.  Princeville. 
Val«s  George  V.  farmer,  P.  U.  Uunlap. 


A.W.  WILSON 

ELMWOOD. 


CYRUS    BROOKS 

BRIMFILLD 


BKIMPIELD  DIRECTORY. 


713 


BRIMFIELD    TOWNSHIP. 


ADA3IS  J.  H.  farmer,  Sec.  i8,  P.  O.  Elmwood. 

Was  born  in  Lawrence  county,  111.,  in  1833,  where  his 

parents  were  among  the  earliest  settlers,  having  settled 

as  early  as  1815.     When  nineteen  years  of  age.  having 

lost  both  his  parents,  he  left    his    native   county   and 

came  to  Peoria,  where  he  worked  as  a  common  laborer 

until   thirty  years  of  age.     In   1S63   he  married    Miss 

Annie  Macy,  who  was  born  in   Union  county,  Ind.,  in 

1836,  soon  after  settling  where  they  now  reside.    Owns 

eighty   acres  of  land,  under  a  high  state  of  cultiv.ttion, 

valued  at  $75  per  acre.    They  have  three  children,  two 

sons  and  one  daughter.     Mrs.  Adams  is  a  member  of 

the  M.  E.  Church.     Republican  in  politics. 

Adkiii.snn  J.  D.  farmer,  P.  O.  ISrimfield. 
Allewalt  K.  farmer.  P.  O.  IJrimfifld. 
AlleweIC  Daniel,  farmer,  P.  O.  Ilrlmfield. 

ARNOLD  WM.  A.  farmer,  Sec.  16,  P.  O. 
Brimfield,  born  in  Windham  county,  Vt.,  Oct.  8, 
1826,  where  he  received  his  early  education.  Emi- 
grated to  this  county  with  his  parents  when  he  was 
seventeen  years  of  age,  and  settled  north  of  Brimfield, 
where  his  father  was  soon  after  killed  by  lightning. 
On  the  6th  day  of  June,  1850,  married  Miss  Louisa 
Fisher,  who  was  born  in  Rutland,  Vt.,  in  1834,  and 
soon  after  settled  where  they  now  reside.  Own  no 
acres  of  land,  valued  at  $100  per  acre.  They  are 
blessed  with  three  children,  one  son  and  two  daughters. 
Members  of  the  Baptist  Church  in  which  he  is  a  deacon. 
Politics  Republican. 

AUSTIN  J.  E.  farmer.  Sec.  19,  P.  O.  Elmwood, 

born   in   Preble  county,  Ohio,  May  1S25.     In  the  Fall 

of  1850  he  came  to  Peoria  county,  where  his  time  was 

taken  up  with  farming  and  carpentering  until  September, 

1853.     Married   Miss  Sarah  Tomlinson,  who  was  born 

near  Malbourne,  England,  April,    1835,   and  came  to 

the  United  States  when  she  was  about  fifteen  years  of 

age.     They  rented  for  one  year,  at  Altona,   when  he 

purchased  where  he   now  resides.     Owns  400  acres  of 

land,  valued  at  $60  per  acre.    They  have  four  children, 

two  sons  and  two  daughters.     Are  members  of  the  M. 

E.  Church.     Politics  Republican. 

Itaker  Edward,  farmer,  P.  O.  Brimfield. 
Bal)cuck  Geo.  (X.  painter.  P.  O.  Brimfield. 
Belford  (Jeo.  farmer  and  auctioneer,  P.  o.  Monica. 
Heniielt  F.  U.  plasterer,  P.  O.  Hrimiield. 
Bennett  Mary,  farmer.  P.  O.  Brimfield. 
Blair  A.  farmer,  P.  O.  Brlmfleld. 

BOOTH  L.  L.  armer.  Sec.  32,  P.  O.  Elmwood. 
Among  the  first  settlers  of  this  part  of  Peoria  county, 
was  the  subject  of  this  sketch,  who  was  born  in  Rox- 
bury,  Litchfield  county.  Conn.,  on  the  second  day  of 
November,  1812.  When  very  young  he  was  ap- 
prenticed to  a  tailor,  at  Plymouth,  Conn.,  with  whom 
he  served  four  years.  After  working  at  journeyman's 
51 


work  at  Plymouth  for  a  few  months,  thence  to  Sackett's 
Harbor,  N.Y.;  thence  to  Bridgewaler,  Conn.,  where 
he  took  charge  of  an  extensive  merchant  tailoring  es- 
tablishment. On  the  2gth  of  March,  1835,  he  married 
Harriet  C.  Coggswell,  born  in  Roxbury,  Conn.,  De- 
cember 4,  1807.  In  the  Spring  of  1838,  in  company 
with  a  brother,  came  to  this  county,  purchased  480  acres 
of  land,  of  which  160  acres  he  retains,  valued  at  $80 
per  acre.  The  fruit  of  this  marriage  was  four  chil- 
dren. Are  members  of  the  Congregational  Church  at 
Brimfield.  Republican  in  politics. 
Bower.s  chas.  L.  farmer  P.  O.  Elmwood. 

BOWMAN  J.  P.  dealer  in  hardware,  residence 
Brimfield,  was  born  in  Windsor,  Vt.,  on  May  16,  l8l8, 
and  when  fourteen  years  of  age  entered  a  woolen  mill 
at  PerkinsviUe  in  his  native  county,  and  remained  until 
the  failure  of  the  company  ;  in  1S40  went  to  Chester, 
Vt.,  was  employed  in  same  occupation  until  1S45,  when 
he  became  a  partner,  and  continued  until  coming  to 
Illinois  in  1854.  In  July,  1S43  he  married  Martha  A. 
Clark,  who  was  born  in  Weathersfield,  Vt.,  in  1S20. 
Purchased  a  farm  in  Brimfield  township,  and  for  sev- 
eral years  engaged  in  farming.  In  July,  1854,  his  wife 
died  leaving  one  son.  The  following  Fall  he  sold  the 
farm  and  reinoved  to  Brimfield,  and  in  company  with 
Wm.  H.  Day  purchased  the  business  and  stock  of  J.  E. 
Wiley  &  Co.  On  the  iSth  day  of  July,  1857.  married 
Helen  N.  Day.  She  was  born  in  Rockingham,  Vt.,  in 
1839.  The  fruit  of  this  marriage  was  five  sons  .md 
three  daughters.  In  the  Spring  of  1859  Mr.  B.  sold 
out  his  hardware  business  and  removed  to  Muscatine, 
Iowa,  where  he  embarked  in  the  agricultural  imple- 
ment trade  until  the  Fall  of  1862,  then  returned  to 
Brimfield  and  engaged  in  the  dry  goods  trade  for  six 
months,  then  sold  out  to  J.  B.  Day,  now  of  Gloa.  The 
brothers  then  purchased  the  Wily  farm  of  six  hundred 
and  fifty  acres  at  the  same  time  owning  half  interest 
with  H.  O.  Burt  in  the  hardware  business.  In  1869 
sold  their  farm,  and  from  that  tiine  until  1871  engaged 
in  brick-making,  a  part  of  which  were  used  by  himself 
in  erecting  the  store  in  which  he  is  now  doing  business. 
In  March,  1S72,  his  present  partner  purchased  the 
interest  of  Mr.  Burt,  since  which  time  the  business  has 
continued  unchanged.  Are  members  of  the  Congrega- 
tional Church,  of  which  he  has  been  deacon  for  thirty 
years.     Republican  in  politics. 

BROOKS  CYRUS,  farmer.  Sec.  14,  P.  O. 
Brimfield.  Prominent  among  the  enterprising  and  suc- 
cessful farmers  of  this  section  of  Peoria  county,  was  the 
subject  of  this  sketch  ;  was  born  in  Chester,  Vt.,  on  the 
24th  day  of  May,  1807.     His  father   granting  him  his 


ri4 


HISTORY   OF  PEORIA   COUNTY. 


liberty  on  reaching  his  2olh  year,  he  worked  as  a  farm 
laborer  until  Jan.,  1831,  at  which  time  he  married  Miss 
Emily  C.  Bennett,  who  was  born  in  Rockingliam,  Vt.. 
in  1803.  In  June,  1S43,  'hey  left  their  native  State 
with  team  and  wagon,  and  emigrated  to  Brimfield, 
III.,  being  seven  weeks  and  three  days  malcing  the  jour- 
ney. They  settled  where  he  now  resides,  and  owns 
,{69  acres  of  land,  valued  at  $85  per  acre.  In  Febru- 
ary, 1868,  his  wife  died,  leaving  four  children.  In 
December,  i86g,  he  married  Mrs.  Ellen  Carron,  widow 
of  John  Carron.  of  Henry  county.  III.  She  was  bom 
on  the  Isle  of  M.nn,  but  raised  in  Ireland.  Married  in 
Liverpool,  and  with  her  husband  emigrated  to  the 
United  States  in  1851.  She  died  on  the  first  day  of 
May,  1878.  Mr.  Brooks  is  a  member  of  the  M.  E. 
Church.     Republican  in  politics. 

nruce  J.  M.  retired.  P.  o.  IlrlmnelU. 
Bruce  <).  K.  fariuer.  P.O.  IlrliiiniMil. 
Bryseii  J.  c.  carpenter.  1".  I».  Ilrlmlleld. 
Itarretl  Isaac,  [aruier,  V.  O.  Freiicta  Urove. 

BUKT  E.  E.  farmer.  Sec.  ig,  P.  O.  Elmwood. 
Was  born  in  Rockingham,  Vt.,  on  the  l6th  day  of  Oc- 
tober, 1S39.  II'*  parents,  with  their  family,  came  to 
this  county  in  1853,  and  located  on  Sec.  19.  He 
owns  120  acres  of  land,  valued  at  $75  per  acre.  In 
1862  he  enlisted  in  the  77th  Regiment,  Illinois  I nfantr}-, 
and  served  seven  months,  and  was  discharged  from  dis- 
ability. On  the  14th  day  of  April,  1S63,  married  .Miss 
Annie  E  ,  daughter  of  Truman  and  Betsy  Barber,  who 
were  early  settlers  in  Knox  county,  where  she  was 
born  in  1839.  They  are  blessed  with  a  family  of  eight 
children,  three  sons  and  five  daughters.  Mrs.  Burt  is  a 
member  of  the  M.  E.  Church.  Republican  in  politics. 
Has  held  several  local  oflices  of  trust.  Is  a  member  of 
the  I.  O.  O.  v.,  of  Lodge  102  of  Elmwood  ;  also  of  the 
Gate  City  Encampment,  No.  167. 

BUKT  H.  O.  dealer  in  grain,  res;.  Brimfield,  was 
bom  in  Rockingham,  Vt.,  on  the  third  day  of  May, 
1823;  having  a' tained  his  seventeenth  year  worked  as 
farm  laborer  until  twenty-one  years  of  age,  arriving  at 
Peoria  on  that  day,  but  soon  after  came  to  Brimfield. 
For  the  first  two  years  worked  for  Washington  Cockle, 
and  continued  as  laborer  until  1S56.  Married  Harriet 
M.  Bowman,  born  in  Wind.sor  county,  Vt.,  on  the  2lst 
day  of  .May,  1823.  In  1857,  in  company  with  B.  B. 
Bowman  and  II.  C.  Gilson,  embarked  in  the  dry  goods 
trade,  and  continued  (or  three  years,  then  engaged  in 
buying  grain  at  Oak  Hill  for  two  years;  then  went  into 
the  hardware  business,  first  with  E.  E.  Burt,  then  with 
J.  P.  Bowman,  continuing  until  1872  ;  since  which  time 
he  has  been  engaged  at  his  present  business,  having 
erected  an  elevator  with  a  capacity  of  12.000  bushels  ; 
•old  it  the  past  spring  to  J.  M.  Lcel,  of  Chicago.  lla.s 
held  various  local  oiTices  of  trust.  Mrs.  B.  is  a  member 
of  the  Congregational  Church. 

UELCIIi:U     l>AMi':i.,,      proprietor    of    the 


Brimfield  House,  Brimfield,  is  a  descendant  of  one  o( 
three  brothers  who  came   from   England   at   an   early 
period   in  the  history  of  New  England,  and  founded 
Belchertown  in  the  State  of  Massachusetts.    His  grand- 
father, John  Belcher,  was  bom  in   Wrentham,   Mau., 
on  the  20lh  day  of  July,  1744,  and  his  father.   Daniel 
Belcher,  was  born  in  the  same  village  on  the  6th  day  of 
July.    1797.     The   Belcher  homestead  at  Wrentham  is 
still  in   the  possession  of  one  of  the  family,   and    it  is 
their  pride  and  determination  that  it  shall  never  know 
a  change  of  name  or  ownership.     In  1819,  when  twen- 
ty-two years  of  age,  Daniel  Belcher,  the  father  of  ihe 
subject  of  this  sketch,  left  the  old  homestead  and  went 
to  Boston.     In  1825  removed  to  the  city  of  New  York 
and    engaged    in    the   hotel    business.     On  the   6th  of 
November,    1S29,    he   united    in   marriage   with    Mrs. 
Rachel    Hopkins,    daughter  of    .Moses   and   Elizabeth 
Drake,  of  Orange  county,  N.  Y..  where  she  was  born 
on  the  iSth  day  of  March,  1807.     In   1837  he  came  to 
Brimfield,  then  called  Charleston,  on  a  tour  of  obser- 
vation.    He  liked  the  country,  and  selected  a  site  and 
erected  a  house  for  hotel  purposes,  the  first  frame  house 
built   in  the   township,  wheie,   in  May,   183S,  he  was 
joined  by  his  wife  and  children.     The  earliest  religious 
services  in  that  part  of  Peoria   county  were  held  at  the 
Brimfield    House.       The  late   Bishop   Chase,   of    the 
Episcopal  Church,  often  conducted  services  there.    Be- 
sides being  opened  for  religious  purposes,  the  Brimfield 
House   was  also  opened   for  singing  schools,  lyceums 
and  other  public  gatherings.     No  one  ever  applied  at 
their  door  for  food  and  shelter  and  was  turned  cold  and 
hungry  away.     After  an   active  and   well-spent   life  of 
seventy-five  years,  thirty-five  of    which  without   inter- 
mission were  spent  in  the  management  of  the  Brimfield 
House.   Daniel  Belcher  died  on  the  20lh  day  of  .March, 
1872.     On  the  141I1  day  of  May.  1871.,  the  wife,  Rachel 
Belcher,  died.  Three  children,  two  sons  and  one  daugh- 
ter, are  living.     Daniel,  the  eldest  son,  who  succeeded 
to  the  management  of  the  hotel,  was  born   in    the  city 
of  New  York,  October  3,  1836.     Mary  S.  was  born  De- 
cember 3,  1830.  and  married  Rev.  S.  R.  Child,  of  the 
Episcopal  Church.    Mr.  Child  died  November  14.  1855, 
and  .Mrs.  ChiKI  finds  a  honie  with  her   brother  Daniel, 
and  presides  in  the   Brimfield   House.     Albert  W,,  the 
third  child  and  youngest   son,  w,is   born   February  22. 
1840.     When  the  war  came  on  he  enlisted  in  Co.  H,  of 
the  86lh  Regl.  III.  Vol.,  and   wjs   with  Sherman  in  his 
"  march  from  Georgia  to  the  .sea."     Served  three  years, 
received  honorable   discharge,  and    returned  home    to 
Brimfield.  where  he  still   resides.     He  united  in  mar- 
riage with  Miss  Sarah  Slocum.  daughter  of  Joseph  and 
Elizabeth   Slocum.  of  Brimfield,   December   26,    1868. 
The  fruit  of  this  marri.ige  is  three  chililrcn, 

<.;AI>V     CrilTIS,     (lelired),     P.     O.     Brim- 
field,  was   born   in    Killingly,  Conn.,   October,  1808. 


nUIMFIELD   DIRECTORY. 


Y15 


When  but  five  years  of  age  became  an  orphan,  and  was 
placed  in  the  care  of  an  uncle  and  taken  to  Otsego, 
New  York,  where  he  was  raised  until  he  was  sixteen 
years  of  age,  then  went  to  Richfield  and  served  four 
years  at  the  cabinet  trade,  and  after  working  at  joiner 
work  several  years,  started  business  for  himself  at  Mad- 
ison, New  York,  where  on  the  2Sth  day  of  January, 
1830,  married  Eliza  Furniss.  She  was  born  in  Madi- 
son, New  York,  in  1S13.  In  1834  they  came  West, 
stopping  at  Cleveland,  Ohio,  until  the  Spring  of  1S35. 
Thence  to  Trivoli  township,  Peoria  county,  where  he 
engaged  in  improving  a  farm,  and  remained  until  1S39, 
then  moved  to  Brimfield  township,  two  miles  west  of 
Brimfield.  In  1S47  his  wife  died,  leaving  five  children, 
two  sons  and  three  daughters.  In  March  following 
Mr.  C.  married  Maria  P.  Miles,  who  died  in  December  of 
the  same  year,  On  the  14th  day  of  February,  1850.  mar- 
ried his  present  wife,  Abigail  Robinson.  She  was  born 
in  New  York  in  1827.  In  1S49  settled  on  the  place 
now  owned  by  Mrs.  Trusin.  In  1S54,  having  received 
the  appointment  of  postmaster,  he  sold  and  came  to  the 
village  and  built  his  present  residence,  retaining  the 
postoffice.  In  the  Fall  of  185S  he  purchased  an  interest 
in  the  flouring  mill  withChas.  Fox  &  Co.  This  required 
the  most  of  his  attention  until  it  was  burned,  in  1874, 
since  which  he  has  devoted  most  of  his  time  with 
improvement  and  cultivation  of  his  farm.  Five  sons 
have  been  born  to  him  by  his  present  wife.  Democratic 
in  politics. 

Calilwcll  Kzeklel.  f,armer,  P.  O.  nnmfiolil. 
Camp  Harry  (retired),  P.  O.  Brimliehl. 
(^amjil'ell  F.  (4.  fanner,  P.  O.  Kriiiifield. 
Cauoii  Tliuinas,  farmer,  P.  O.  Brimfield. 
Cattuti  Wrn.  fanner.  P.  O.  Brimfield. 
Churcli  J.  C.  farmer.  P.  O.  Brimfield. 

CHAP»IAN  DAVir>,  farmer,  Sec.  28, 
P.  O.  Elmwood,  was  born  in  \Yashington  county.  New 
York,  on  the  i6th  day  of  December,  1S19,  and  when  a 
small  boy  his  parents  immigrated  to  Oswego  county. 
New  York.  Receiving  a  limited  education,  remained 
upon  his  father's  farm,  making  a  home  for  the  old  peo- 
ple, until  thirty-six  years  of  age.  In  June,  1845,  mar- 
ried Miss  Eliza  A.  Bennett,  who  was  born  in  Worces- 
ter, Massachusetts,  in  1824,  In  the  Fall  of  T855  came 
to  Illinois,  rented  a  farm  for  three  years,  then  purchased 
his  present  farm,  consisting  of  eighty  acres,  valued  at 
$70  per  acre.  They  are  blessed  with  one  child.  Dem- 
cratic  in  politics. 

CHICHESTER  HARRIET  E.  residence 
Brimfield,  daughter  of  Joseph  and  Elizabeth  Shepard 
nee  Armstrong,  the  former  of  Irisli  parentage,  but  born 
in  Pennsylvania,  the  latter  born  in  Ireland.  In  early 
life, with  her  parents,  immigrated  to  Ohio,  near  Steuben- 
ville,  where  they  were  married  on  the  4th  day  of  Novem- 
ber, 1813.  The  parents  of  both  were,  early  settlers  of 
Ohio.  In  the  Spring  of  1837  Mr.  and  Mrs.  S.,  with 
their  family,  consisting  of  six  children,  one  son  and  five 


daughters  ,  again  removed  westward,  finding  a  home 
at  Harkness  Grove,  this  county,  where  he  purchased 
400  acres  o(  land,  and  remained  until  one  year  previous 
to  his  death,  which  occurred  on  the  2c;th  day  of  August, 
i860.  The  mother  survived  him  six  years,  and  died 
October  7,  1866,  at  the  age  of  76.  Wm.  A.  an  only 
brother  of  Mrs.  C,  served  in  the  Mexican  war,  and  also 
participated  in  our  late  war,  and  served  faithfully  until 
its  end,  and  was  murdered  at  Springfield,  Illinois,  while 
on  his  way  home.  Mrs.  C.  was  born  in  Ohio,  February 
8,  1S28,  and  came  to  Illinois  when  she  was  nine  years 
old.  On  the  17th  day  of  May,  1854,  she  married  Elias 
W.  Chichester,  a  native  of  Indiana,  born  November, 
1S25,  and  when  a  small  boy  came  to  Peoria  with  his 
father.  Kept  the  first  ferry,  and  his  mother  in  the 
meantime  kept  a  boarding  house  until  his  father's 
death,  which  occurred  when  E.  W.  was  three  years  old, 
after  which  she  resumed  her  trade  of  tailoress,  by  which 
she  supported  her  two  children.  After  marrying  Mr.  C. 
settled  in  Jubilee  township  until  the  following  Fall, 
when  she  returned  to  her  father's,  and  he  went  to 
Texas  for  seed,  intending  to  embark  in  raising  hedge 
plants,  a  business  he  has  since  followed,  visiting  Texas 
each  Fall  for  seed.  In  the  Spring  they  removed  to 
Brimfield.  Own  160  acres  of  land  adjoining  the  village, 
valued  at  $16,000,  also  a  half  section  near  Oak  Hill, 
valued  at  $60  per  acre,  and  150  acres  in  Jubilee  town- 
ship, valued  at  $7,000.  They  were  blessed  with  seven 
children,  six  sons  and  one  daughter. 
Clarlc  Stephen,  farmer,  P.  O.  Brimfield. 

COE  JOHN  C.  farmer.  Sec.  5,  P.  O.  French 
Grove,  was  born  in  Washington  county,  Pennsylvania, 
August,  1828.  Was  raised  on  a  farm,  but  at  an  early 
age  engaged  in  clerking.  In  the  Fall  of  1859  came  to 
Peoria  county.  Married  Miss  Eliza  J.  Reed  March  4, 
1S61.  She  was  born  near  Wheeling,  West  Virginia, 
December,  1841.  Lived  in  Elmwood  and  Fulton 
county,  for  two  years.  Came  wdiere  he  now  resides. 
Owns  80  acres  of  land,  valued  at  $75  per  acre.  The 
fruit  of  this  marriage  was  three  children,  a  son  and 
two  daughters.  Members  of  the  Presbyterian  Church 
at  French  Grove,  in  which  Mr.  Coe  is  elder  and  super- 
intendent of  Sabbath  school.  Republican  in  politics. 
Held  several  local  offices  of  trust. 

COOLIDGE  EDWARD  L.  farmer.  Sec. 
18,  P.  O.  Brimfield,  son  of  Lewis  and  Amanda  C.  Cool- 
idge,  was  born  in  Addison  county,  Vt.,  1825,  emigrated 
with  them  to  Illinois  in  the  .Spring  of  1834,  and  settled 
in  what  svas  known  by  the  early  settlers  as  9-6,  now 
Rosefield  township,  where  his  mother  died  on  the 
3d  day  of  Sept.,  1S56.  His  father  found  a  home  with 
Mr.  C.  until  his  death,  which  occurred  in  1869.  Mar- 
ried Miss  Mary  E.  Palmer,  who  was  born  in  Galesburg, 
Knox  county.  III.,  Dec.  31,  1838,  being  the  first  white 
child  born  in  that  city.       They  soon  afterwards  settled 


716 


HISTORY  OF  PEORIA  COUNTY. 


where  they  now  reside.  Owns  252  acres  of  land,  val- 
ued at  $60  per  acre.  The  fruit  of  this  marriage  is 
eleven  children,  four  sons  and  seven  daughters.  Mr. 
C.  was  one  of  the  first  roid  commissioners  of  Rosefield 
township.     .Members  of  the  Episcopal  Church. 

COKCOKAX  GEOKGE  L.  was  bom  in  the 
county  of  Langford.  in  Ireland,  in  1826.     At  the  early 
age  of  sixteen  he  matriculated  in  Latin,  Greek,  French, 
Geometry  and   .A.lgcbra,  and  after  a   brain   rest  of  six 
months,  commenced  the  study  of  medicine  with  his 
father,  who  was  the  leading  physician  in  the  county, 
having     two    dispensaries    and     the    county     in6rm- 
ary  under  his  charge.       By  these  means  the  subject  of 
our  present  biography  got  a  thorough  elementary  edu- 
cation in  clinical  medicine,  materia  mtJica  and   chem- 
istry.    He  afterwards  studied   in    Dublin,   and   finally 
graduated  in  Glasgow,  Scotland,  in  1849.      The  doctor 
came  to  Brinifield  on  the  27lh  of  May,   1851,  and  im- 
mediately commenced  the  practice  of  his   profession, 
although  with  a  sad  heart  and  a  strange  desire  to  return 
home,  for  the  condition  of  affairs  was  not  what  he  ex- 
pected.    A  va.st  prairie  like  an  open  sea  stretched  out 
to  his  view,  without  roads  or  bridges  such  as  we  have 
now.     His  average  day's   work  was  forty  miles  in  the 
saddle,  on  horseback,  for   buggies   were   impracticable 
over  the  sloughs  and  swollen  streams,  and  although 
often  exhausted  by  the  heat  of  the  sun  in  Summer  and 
the  snow  storms  and  cold  of  Winter,  he  never  forsook 
his  duly  day  or  night,  and  h.-is  continued  to  practice  in 
the  county  ever  since,  three  years  of  which  was  in  ihe 
city  of  I'eoria  ;    and  not  alone  in  this  county,  for  he  is 
frequently  called  to  the  surrounding  counties  for  advice 
and  consultation.       He  was  the  first  president  elect  of 
the  Peoria  County  Medical  Society,  which  he  held  for 
several  years  by  re-election.       He  is  a  member  of  the 
American  Medical  Association,  and  also  of  the  State 
Medical  Society,  and   was  commissioned   by  Governor 
CuIIom  as  a  representative  to  the  medical  department 
of  the  celebrated   I'aris  Exposition  of  1873.       He  has 
also  been  justice  of  the   peace   in  Rrimfield  for  nearly 
twelve  years,   getting   the  vole  of  all  political   parlies, 
and  although  it  is  not  a  lucrative  office,  he  has  fulfilled 
it  without  fear  or  partiality,  to   Ihe  best   of  his  ability 
and  judgment  of  the  law.     He  is  a  man  of  almost  uni- 
versal genius,  passionately   fond  of  the  arts,  science, 
poetry  and  music,  and  in  the  latter  he  excels;  of  a  san- 
guine, nervous  temperament,  generous  and  big-hearled 
to  a  fault,   no  person,  either   friend   or  stranger,  enters 
his  door  and  leaves  it  hungry  or  thirsty  ;  but  he  is  quick 
to  delect  deceit,  fraud,  ingratitude,  lying  and  low,  cun- 
ning tricks,  which   make   him   irritable,  but  he  has  an 
abundance  of  charity  and  soon   forgives.       He  is  still 
nearly  in  the  prime  of  life,  healthy,  and    liable   to  live 
many  years  wilh  profit  to  himself  and  his  patrons. 
COW  Lies  WM.  W.    |>ostma»ler  at  Brimficid 


and  dealer  in  groceries,  was  bom  in  Hunpshire  county, 
Mass.,  on  the  7th  day  of  Dec,  1830.  By  trade  he  is  a 
blacksmith  and  wagon  ironer.  In  Nov.,  1 854,  married 
Miss  Delia  \\\x)ds,  who  was  born  in  Belchertown, 
Mass.,  on  the  28th  day  of  Nov.,  1834.  Continued  his 
trade  in  his  native  village  until  1857.  when  they  came 
to  Brimfield,  where  he  engaged  in  farming  for  two  years. 
Thence  to  Oak  Hill,  where  he  bought  grain  for  four 
years  ;  then  embarked  in  the  dry  goods  trade  until  July, 
1862.  He  enlisted  in  the  14th  Cavalry  and  participated 
in  the  .-Vtlanlic  campaign,  Knoxville.  Tenn.,  the  regi- 
ment being  the  first  Union  troops  to  cross  the  Cumber- 
land Mountains  to  eastern  Tennessee,  and  twenty- 
four  days  on  four  days'  rations.  They  also  participated 
at  Bear  Station,  Bentonville,  and  in  the  following  of 
John  Morgan.  Mustered  out  as  second  lieutenant  at 
Pulaski,  Tenn.,  Aug.,  1S65.  On  enlisting,  removed  his 
family  to  Brimficid.  He  returned  to  this  city  and  re- 
commenced his  trade,  which  on  account  of  failing  health 
he  soon  abandoned  and  worked  for  the  R.  K.  Co.  until 
January,  1S71,  after  which  he  engaged  with  the  Hayes 
Urothcrs,  in  their  store,  until  1875.  Was  appointed, 
Jan.,  1S7S,  postmaster,  and  soon  afterwards  added  a 
slock  of  groceries,  and  has  since  done  a  prosperous 
business  in  that  line.  They  have  three  daughters  and 
are  members  of  the  Congregational  Church.  Politics, 
Republican. 

CROWLEY  WM.  farmer.  Sec.  16,  P.  O.  Brim- 
ficid, was  horn  on  the  Isle  of  Man  on  the  third  day  of 
March.  iSll.  Having  attained  his  thirteenth  year  he 
learned  the  cati>enter's  trade,  and,  at  twenty-two.  emi- 
grated to  the  United  Stales,  locating  in  the  city  of 
New  York.  On  Ihe  ninth  day  of  November,  1842,  he 
married  .Martha  Price,  who  was  born  in  Klintshire, 
Wales,  in  1820.  They  afterwards  moved  to  Memphis, 
Tenn.,  where  they  resided  until  1852.  In  1846.  came 
to  this  county,  and  purchased  Ihe  farm  which  he  now 
occupies,  containing  210  acres,  valued  at  $75  per 
acre.  In  1852,  they  settled  permanently  on  their 
farm,  which  now  compares  favorably  with  the  best  in 
this  part  of  the  county.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Crowley  arc 
members  of  the  M.  E.  Church.     Democratic  io  politics. 

t'urmii  Wni.  farmrr,  I".  O.  ilrlinflplil. 
Colllntpr.  .Iiitiii,  farmrr.  I'.  (I.  Ilrlmaplil. 

l>AltltY  H.  II.  farmer.  Sec.  28,  P.  O.  Elm- 
wood.  Son  of  Wm.  and  Mary  Darby,  net  Mann, 
natives  of  New  England,  but  settled  in  Genessee 
counly,  N.  Y.,  about  the  year  1826,  where  the  subject 
of  this  sketch  was  born  .\ugust  2,  1 840.  At  Ihe  age  of 
eleven,  with  his  parents,  came  to  Peoria  county  and 
located  on  section  28,  where  he  now  resides.  Owns 
fifty-five  and  a  half  acres  of  land,  valued  at  $80  per 
acre.  On  May  %b.  1865,  enlisted  in  the  hundred  days 
service;  mustered  out  at  Chicago,  Novemlwr,  1S65. 
On  September  6,  1866,  he  married  Ellen,  daughter  of 


/ 


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JOSEPH   CLUTE. 
BRIMFIELO.      . 


BRIMFIELD. 


mssiL  *3v^<w 


BRIMFIELD 


C^ 


BRIMFIELD 


BRIMFIELD   DIRECTORY. 


717 


Edson  Smith,  of  Elmwood  township.  She  was  born  in 
Elmwood  township,  May  30,  1S4S.  They  have  two 
children,  a  son  and  daughter.  Members  of  the  Con- 
gregational Church,  at  Elmwood.     Republican. 

D.ly  Kildy.  farmer.  I".  ().  nrlmflclrt. 
Day  TtioHLis.  f,irmur.  I".  O.  Hrlniflcld. 

DAY  WM.  H.  dealer  in  dry  goods  and  general 
merchandise,  Knoxville  avenue  ;  residence,  Brimfield. 
W.is  born  in  Chesterfield,  N.  Y.,  on  the  seventh  day  of 
March,  1818  ;  was  reared  on  a  farm,  and  received  a 
common  school  education.  At  seventeen,  engaged  as 
an  employ^  in  a  woolen  mill  in  his  native  town,  where 
he  remained  six  years.  Thence  to  Grafton,  Vt.,  where 
he  engaged  in  business  for  himself,  and  remained  until 
1S54.  Thence  to  Illinois,  and  soon  after  embarked  in 
his  present  business  in  Brimfield.  In  1843,  he  married 
Miss  Abbie  S.  Wooley,  of  Grafton,  Vt.,  who  was  born 
in  that  city  on  the  seventh  day  of  April,  1S21.  She 
died  in  this  village  on  the  1st  day  of  June,  187S,  leaving 
two  sons.  Wm.  H.,  Jr.,  born  on  the  third  day  of 
March,  1845  ;  married  Josephine,  daughter  of  Ezekiel 
Day,  of  Teoria.  Second  son,  George  M.,  born  on  the 
27th  day  of  February,  1S50;  married  Louisa  J., 
daughter  of  Geo.  F.  Guy,  of  Peoria.  The  family  are 
members  of  the  Baptist  Church.  Politics,  Republican. 
Derby  L.  M.  constaMe.  V.  O.  lirlmfteld. 

DOVE  J.  J.  butcher,  residence,  Brimfield,  son 
of  Isaac  and  Sarah  Dove  ;  father,  native  of  Pennsyl- 
vania ;  mother,  of  Virginia.  The  subject  of  this 
sketch  was  born  in  Custer  county.  Pa.,  September  10, 
1S36.  Immigrated  with  his  parents  to  Ohio,  where  he 
remained  until  1862,  when  he  came  to  Peoria  county, 
where  he  engaged  in  farming,  coal  digging,  and  tile 
laying.  Married  for  his  first  wife  Miss  Nancy  Ault. 
She  was  born  in  Ohio,  in  1840;  died  in  1869.  The 
fruit  of  this  marriage  was  five  children — two  boys  and 
three  girls;  three  living,  viz:  Susan,  Sarah  M.,  John 
Edward.  Second  wife,  married  Frances  Iladlock ; 
she  was  born  in  Ohio,  September  30,  1847. 

Eaton  Ephraini.  fnrmer,  P.  O.  Brimfield. 
Eaton  Joseph,  farmer,  P.  o.  IJrimfield. 
Eljy  .John,  farmer.  P.  O.  Elmwood. 
Elliott  Wm.  f,irmer.  P.  O.  Brimfield. 
Engllsli  J.  R.  farmer.  P.  O.  Fretich  Grove. 

F.\RNUM  JAS.  F,  Sr.  buggy  dealer,  res. 
Brimfield,  son  of  Asa  and  Arrathu^a  (Lovejoy)  Farnum, 
natives  of  Amherst,  N.  H.  Immigrated  to  Bennington 
county.  Vermont,  where  they  raised  a  family  of  six 
children,  five  of  which  are  now  living.  The  subject  of 
this  sketch  was  born  in  Bennington  county,  Vermont, 
February  6,  1811,  where  he  received  a  common  school 
education.  When  he  was  sixteen  years  old  went  to 
Windsor  county,  Vermont,  where  he  worked  on  a  farm 
for  five  years  for  Mr.  Ezekiel  Davis.  Afterwards  mar- 
ried his  daughter  Laura,  who  was  born  in  the  same 
county  September  g,  1S09.  The  fruit  of  this  marriage 
was  four  children,  of  which  three   are  now  living,  viJ: 


James,  Jr.,  George  and  Giles.  In  the  year  1854  came 
to  Peoria  county  and  located  on  section  22,  Brimfield 
township,  where  he  remained  two  years.  Then  traded 
his  farm  for  Idock  4  in  town.  In  1857  commenced  the 
mercantile  business  in  company  with  B.  K.  Harrington, 
and  continued  until  i860,  when  he  bought  the  interest 
of  Mr.  Harrington  and  continued  until  the  close  of  the 
war,  when  he  sold  out  and  has  since  been  in  his  present 
business.  Members  of  the  M.  E.  Church.  His  father 
was  in  the  war  of  1812,  was  at  Bennington,  Vermont, 
and  Plattsburgh,  N.  V. 
Fisher  Simon  L.  fanner,  P.  O.  Brimfield. 

FORD  Ij.  D.  farmer.  Sec.  2i,  P.  O.  Brimfield, 
was  born  in  Licking  county,  O.,  on  the  5th  day  of  May, 
1S35.  When  twelve  years  of  age  with  his  parents 
moved  to  Adams  county.  Ills.,  and  the  following  year 
to  this  county,  settling  near  French  Grove.  In  1850 
his  parents  removed  to  Knox  county,  where  they  now 
reside.  In  1866  the  subject  of  this  sketch  married 
Miss  H.  F.  Burt.  She  was  born  in  Rotkingham,  Vt., 
September  3,  1844.  Settled  near  Fairbury,  Livingston 
county,  and  in  August,  1874,  came  to  their  present  place 
of  residence.  Owns  157  acres  of  land  valued  at  $75 
per  acre.  The  fruit  of  this  marriage  is  four  children 
—  one  son  and  three  daughters.  Members  of  the  M. 
E.  Church,  of  which  he  is  trustee.  Politics,  Repub- 
lican. 

Foster  .T.  S.  farmer,  P.  O.  Brimfield. 
Frazer  Wm.  J.  Mrs.  farmer.  P.  O.  Brimfield. 

FREEMAN  C.  H.  Jr.    farmer,    Sec.  32,    P. 

0.  Elmwood.  Son  of  C.  H.  Freeman,  Sr.,  and  Permilia 
Davis,  natives  of  Massachusetts.  In  1836  his  father 
came  to  Peoria,  where  he  was  employed  as  land  agent. 
In  1839  moved  his  family,  consisting  of  his  wife  and 
five  children,  to  Brimfield.  where  Mr.  Freeman  opened 
the  second  store  of  the  village,  but  afterwards  settled 
on  a  farm  west  of  the  village,  since  known  as  Walnut 
Grove  farm,  where  he  died,  October,  1859.  Mr-  Free- 
man, Jr.,  was  born  in  Brimfield,  January  2,  1842.  Re- 
ceived a  liberal  education  in  the  common  schools  and 
two  years  at  Redding  Seminary,  Abingdon,  Ills.  In 
August,  1861,  enlisted  in  the  47th  Illinois  Infantry, 
Company  C,  Captain  J.  D.  McClure  ;  was  discharged 
from  ill  health  June,  1S62.  Married  Miss  Emma  C, 
daughter  of  John  L.  Marion,  an  c-.irly  settler  of  South- 
port,  this  county.  She  was  born  in  Southport,  September 

1,  1843.  In  the  Spring  of  1S77  purchased  his  farm 
consisting  of  120  acres,  valued  at  $80  per  acre.  For 
the  past  three  years  Mr.  I'"reeman  has  devoted  much 
time  and  attention  to  the  improvement  in  his  stock  ot 
horses,  having  purchased  his  brood  mares  of  Dillon,  a 
noted  importer  of  horses.  His  colts  took  first  prem- 
iums at  the  county  fair.  Is  a  member  of  the  G.  A.  R.  of 
Elmwood.     Republican  in  politics. 

Furnlsa  David  C.  carpenter,  P.  O.  Brltnfield. 
Georgo  Constance,  retired,  P.  O.  UrimQeia, 


718 


HISTORY  OF  PEORIA  COUNTY. 


GILUKUT  JAS.  A.  farmer.  Sec.  15.  P.  O. 
Brimfield.  Was  born  in  Orange  county,  Vt.,  on  the 
25th  day  of  July,  1812.  Ilis  parents  removed  to  Cin- 
cinnati. Ohio,  when  he  was  seven  years  of  age,  where 
they  soon  afterwards  died.  Was  bonnd  out,  and  with 
his  To-iter  father  came  to  .Aurora.  Ind..  and  remained 
until  he  was  fifteen  ;  ran  away  and  engaged  as  cabin 
boy  on  the  river  between  Louisville  and  New  Orleans, 
and  remained  for  seven  years  with  one  captain,  who 
promoted  him  to  steward.  Afterwards  went  to  Law- 
renceburg.  Ind.,  where  he  learned  the  carpenter  trade. 
On  the  second  day  of  October,  1S34,  married  Lucy 
Jafjuith.  who  was  born  in  Manchester,  Ind..  on  the  17th 
day  of  May,  1S18.  In  1S42  came  to  I'eoria  county, 
and  two  years  later  to  the  farm  where  he  now  resides. 
Owns  330  acres  of  land  under  good  cultivation,  valued 
at  $100  per  acre.  January  12,  1858,  his  wife  died, 
leaving  ten  children,  six  sons  and  tour  daughters.  On 
the  15th  day  of  March,  1S59,  married  Miss  Jane  McCur- 
dy,  who  was  born  in  Brown  county,  111.  She  died, 
leaving  two  children,  a  son  and  daughter.  On 
the  2lst  day  of  August,  1S6S,  married  Miss  Julia 
Rogers,  who  was  born  in  Boston,  Mass.,  December  7, 
1811.  His  first  wife  was  a  member  of  the  M.  E.  Church. 
His  second,  and  present,  members  of  the  Presbyterian. 
Democratic  in  politics. 

OUYEK  L.  Ij.  residence  Urimfield.  Was  born 
in  Mifland  county,  I'a.,  on  the  4th  day  July,  1817.  At 
the  age  of  seven  his  parents  removed  to  Harrisburg, 
Pa.,  where  he  received  his  education.  At  the  age  of 
nineteen  he  emigrated  to  Charleston,  now  Brimfield, 
and  eng,iged  in  the  mercantile  business.  May  5,  1S40, 
married  .Miss  Klviia  Wiley,  sister  of  James  M.,  Nelson 
and  Iliram  Wiley,  they  being  among  the  first  settlers 
of  Jubilee  township.  Continued  in  business  until  1S51, 
when  he  turned  his  attention  to  farming,  which  he  h,is 
since  followed.  The  fruit  of  this  marriage  was  five 
children,  one  son  and  four  daughters.  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
G.  and  their  daughters  are  members  of  the  M.  E.  Church. 
Has  held  several  local  offices  of  trust,  viz:  Supervisor, 
justice  of  the  peace,  assessor  and  collector.  Is  Kepub- 
lican  in  politics. 

Hlinllloii  Urn).  K.  rnrrnor.  ■'.  o.  Ilrliiifli-lil. 
lUrrliiKturi  It.  K.  miTriiaiii.  I',  u.  Ilrliiinolil. 

HAYWOOD  KDWAUD,  farmer.  P.O.  Brim- 
field.  Was  born  in  Sussex  county.  England,  on  the 
Ijth  day  of  May,  1811.  where  he  received  a  liberal  ed- 
ucation. When  nineteen  years  of  age  was  apprenticed 
to  a  grocer,  and  served  two  years  as  clcik.  On  the  iSth 
day  of  .\ugust,  1835,  emigrated  to  the  United  Slates 
and  located  in  Rochester,  N.  V.,  and  engaged  as  clerk 
until  .May,  1838.  Thence  emigrated  West,  ami  after 
visiting  several  important  cities,  in  July  of  that 
year  landed  at  what  is  now  Brimfield,  following  various 
avocations  until  the  Spring  of  1840;  having  purchased 


eighty  acres  of  land  he  began  improring  iL  On  the 
2Sth  day  of  March,  1S43,  married  Harriet  E.,  daughter 
of  Thomas  and  Margaret  Cummings.  She  was  bom 
in  Sussex  county,  N.  J.,  on  the  27th  day  of  February, 
1S19,  and  with  her  parents  came  to  Stark  county.  III., 
in  1839.  In  1S45  exchanged  his  farm  for  a  store  in 
Brimfield,  and  continued  in  the  mercantile  business 
for  seven  years.  Has  twenty-eight  acres  of  land  ad- 
joining the  village,  valued  at  $75  per  acre,  and  a  fine 
residence  valued  at  $4,000.  They  have  five  sons  and 
one  daughter,  all  grown  to  man  and  womanhood.  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  Haywood  are  members  of  the  Congregational 
Church.     Republican  in  politics. 

HKKKIXGTOX  B.  K.  dealer  in  dry  goods, 
res.  Brimfield,  bom  in  Green  Co.,  Pa.,  on  the  24th  day 
of  Feb.  1822,  worked  at  his  trade  of  boot  ind  shoemak- 
ing  in  his  native  town  until  he  was  twenty-one  years 
of  age.  Married  Miss  Mary  Barnes  in  1843  who  was 
born  in  Green  Co.,  Pa.,  1S25.  In  the  Spring  of  1845, 
came  to  Illinois  and  settled  in  Brimfield  and  continued 
his  trade  until  1856.  Embarked  in  his  present  busi- 
ness in  company  with  Nelson  Barnes,  which  they  con- 
tinued until  1S60.  when  the  present  partnership  was 
formed,  which  has  since  continued.  They  have  five 
children,  two  sons  and  three  daughters.  Members  of 
the  M.  E.  Church.     Politically,  Republican. 

Hills  R.  farmer,  I'.  O.  KIniwood. 
Hlllkl^y  It.  farliKT,  1*.  (I.  Kllliwoutl. 

HIXKLEY  I'OEIIK  I  .  ."Mrs,  larmer.  Sec. 
28,  P.  O.  Elmwood.  daujjhter  of  Otis  and  Clarinda  A. 
Bennett  n«  Savoy,  natives  of  Lancaster.  Mass.,  where 
Mrs.  H.  was  born  on  the  i  Ilh  day  of  Sept.  1831.  When 
one  year  of  age  her  parents  emigrated  to  Cayuga  Co., 
N.  Y.  In  Sept.  1851,  married  Wm.  Darby,  a  son  of 
Wm.  Darby,  Sen.,  of  this  township.  He  was  bom  in 
Vermont  1S21.  In  the  Fall  of  1852  they  came  to  this 
county  and  h  cated  on  Sec.  28.  Owns  one  hundred 
and  four  acres  of  land  valued  at  $80  per  acre.  On  the 
2nd  day  of  .April,  i8;6,  Mr.  Darby  died,  having  been  a 
member  of  the  Baptist  Church  from  boyhooil.  She  was 
again  joined  in  wedlock  with  Mr.  Rockwell  Hinkley 
April  13,  i860,  lie  was  born  in  Windsor,  Vermont. 
May  10,  1832.  Died  July  14,  1875.  Mrs.  H.  is  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Baptist  Church. 

Iliir)  Wllllnmt).  ri'llntl.  I'.  O.  Ilrlmnpld. 
Ilarli  M;irt,  fitniirr.  r.  o.   Ilrlnin<-lil. 
Juliiiftiiii  M.  C.  rftlrfil,  1*   o.  llrlmnvltL 
.toiim  C.  I».  fArinrr.  I*,  o.  Ilrlmnrltl. 
KalKhmi  .Ittriii.  (.iriiit'r.  I'.o.  llrhullrld. 
KriKp  J    \V.  rariurr,  I'.O.  llrliiineld. 

KI:MI»  S.  I>.  farmer,  .Sec.  32,    P.  O.    Elmwood. 

son  of  David  Kemp,  of  Elmwood,  and   born    in   Duller 

Co.,  Ohio,  Dec.  1S45,  and  In  his  eighth  year    with    hit 

parents  came  to  Peoria  Co.     Settled  on  Sec.  29  in    this 

township,  where  he  received   a    liberal   education    with 

two  years  at  Otterbcin  University,  located  near  I'olum- 

bus,  Ohio.     Remained  at  home  until  his   twenty-sixth 

birthday,    when    he    married    Miu  Sarah   A.   Lingle 


BRIMFIELD  DIRECTORY. 


719 


who  was  born  in  the  same  county  on  the  6th  day  of 
April  1847,  and  the  following  Spring  they  settled  where 
t'ley  now  reside.  Own  one  hundred  and  sixty  acres 
of  land  valued  at  $100,  $i6,ooo.  Two  children  bless 
this  union.  Members  of  the  U.  B.  Church.  Mr.  K. 
being  steward  and  Sabbath-school  superintendent. 
Politics,    Democratic. 

KE3IP  S.  S.  farmer,  Sec.  31,  V.  O.  Elmwood, 
was  born  in  Butler  Co.,  O.,  Dec.  31,  1S44,  when  nine 
years  of  age  removed  to  Peoria  Co.,  settled  on  Sec.  29 
in  this  township,  where  he  received  a  liberal  education 
at  tlie  district  school  and  Lombard  College,  Knox  Co. 
On  the  2lst  day  of  May  1S67,  married  to  Miss  Nellie 
Barcalow,  who  was  born  in  Butler  Co.,  O.,  Dec.  21, 
1846.  They  soon  after  settled  on  his  present  place. 
Owns  one  hundred  and  sixty  acres  of  land,  valued  at 
$So  per  acre.  The  fruit  of  this  marriage  is  two  child- 
ren. Members  of  the  U.  B.  Church,  Mr.  K.  being 
trustee  and  secretary  of  the  same.  Democratic  in 
politics. 

Larson  John,  faniuT,  P.  o.  French  Grove. 
Lauh  Daniel,  retiied.  P.O.  Briniliehl. 

LAUB  RICHAKD,  miller,  res.  Brimfield.  of 
the  firm  of  Cady,  Laub  &  Belcher.  Was  born  in  Read- 
ing, Berks  Co.,  Pa.,  Aug.  7, 1836.  Came  to  this  county 
in  the  Winter  of  1857.  Married  Miss  Annie  E.  While 
for  his  first  wife.  She  was  born  in  Buck  Co.,  Pa.,  June 
1836.  She  died  in  Brimfield  Dec.  24,  1863.  The  fruit  of 
this  marriage  was  six  children,  two  boys  and  four  girls, 
two  living,  viz.,  Elmer  E.,  Sarah  J.  For  his  second  wife, 
married  Fannie  M.  Robinson.  She  was  born  Aug. 
2i),  1S36.  Mother  of  two  Children,  Llewellyn  R., 
Charles  Alfred.  Member  of  the  L  O.  O.  F.  In  the 
winter  of  1S5S,  rented  a  mill  at  Edward's  Station. where 
he  remained  one  year.  Thence  to  Peoria  where  he  had 
charge  of  the  Fayette  and  Star  mills  for  three  years. 
Thence  to  Brimfield  where  he  followed  farming  for 
three  years.  Then  engaged  in  the  Osage  seed  and 
plant  business  for  five  years.  In  the  Spring  of  1870 
went  into  the  produce  business  in  company  with  A.  W, 
Belcher,  and  in  1874  built  the  Brimfield  mill  where  he 
has  been  engaged  since.  Capacity  of  mill  100  barrels 
per  day. 

Lougliland  John,  farmer.  P.  O.  nrinifield 
Louglilln  James,  huckster.  P.  O.  Brimfield. 

LiOWE  J.  H.  physician  and  surgeon,  res.  Hrim- 
field.  Son  of  G.  F.  and  Martha  (Phillips)  Lowe  ; 
father  native  of  Tennessee,  and  mother  of  Illinois  ; 
family  consisted  of  ten  children,  five  boys  and  five  girls. 
The  subject  of  this  sketch  was  born  in  St.  Clair  county. 
Ills.,  November  30,  1841,  was  educated  at  Lebanon, 
McKendtee  College  and  graduated  in  1S62.  Studied 
medicine  with  Dr.  Ferryman,  Belleville,  Ills.,  for  nearly 
two  years,  attended  lectures  at  St.  Louis  and  Chicago 
medical  colleges,  where  he  graduated  in  1871-2.  His 
first  practice  was  in  St.  Clair  county,  Ills.     In   1872, 


came  to  this  town  of  Brimfield,  where  he  has  practiced 
medicine  since.  Married  Julia  A.  Sutton,  daughter  of 
Asa  Sutton ;  she  was  born  in  Peoria  county,  March  25, 
1848.  The  fruit  of  this  marriage  is  three  children,  viz  : 
Leo,  born  March  7,  1874  ;  Lester,  born  May  27,  1877  ; 
Carrie,  born  August  6.  1878.  Members  of  the  M.  E. 
Church.  His  father  held  a  commission  as  captain  in 
117th  Regt.  I.  V.  I.  Co.  C.  Dr.  Lowe  has  a  fine  prac- 
tice, good  home,  and  is  one  of  the  leading  men  of  the 
town. 

LUCAS  DANIEL,  retired  farmer,  res.  Brim- 
field. Grandson  of  Isaac  Lucas,  who  was  born  near 
Boston,  Mass.,  and  at  the  age  of  seventeen  enlisted  in 
Revolutionary  war,  participating  at  the  battle  of  Bunker 
Hill,  Cowpens  and  Stony  Point,  at  the  last  named 
battle  was  one  among  the  number  to  volunteer  to 
charge  the  British  in  a  hand  to  hand  fight,  when 
Gen.  Wayne  told  them,  "  If  any  man  feared  to  go  to 
hell  let  him  retire  from  the  ranks."  Married  a  Miss 
Smith  with  whom  he  attempted  to  settle  in  Ohio,  near 
where  Mar.etta  now  stands,  where  the  father  of  this 
sketch  was  born  in  1788,  being  the  second  white  child 
born  in  the  State,  found  the  Indians  so  troublesome 
that  they  returned  to  Washington  county.  Pa.,  where 
his  father  married  Isabella  McKenzie,  a  native  of  that 
county.  In  iSii,  they  returned  to  Ross  county,  Ohio, 
near  Chillicothe,  where  his  father  was  soon  after 
drafted  and  served  under  Gen.  Harrison.  On  the  12th 
day  of  August,  1S15,  Mr.  L.  was  born  near  Chillicothe, 
and  received  his  education  in  a  log  school-house  with 
puncheon  floor  and  desks,  with  paper  windows,  re- 
mained at  home  assisting  in  improving  and  cultivating 
a  farm  until  the  Spring  of  183S,  came  to  Indiana, 
married  Miss  Elizabeth  Simison  on  the  8th  of  May,  of 
that  year.  She  was  born  in  Pennsylvania  in  iSig.  In 
1854,  emigrated  to  Brimfield,  111.,  and  located  on  Sec. 
15.  In  1S73,  removed  to  the  village  still  retaining  their 
farm.  The  fruit  of  this  marriage  was  five  children, 
three  sons  and  two  daughters.  The  sons  participated 
in  the  late  war,  one  of  which  was  killed  at  Vicksburg. 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  L.  are  members  of  the  Presbyterian 
Church.  Republican. 
Lucas  Oan,  farmer.  P.  O.  Brimfield. 

LYTLE  CHAKLES  A.  druggist,  res.  Brim- 
field. Son  of  .Samuel  S.  P.  and  Anna  Bell  Lytle,  natives 
of  Pennsylvania,  family  consisted  of  seven  children,  four 
of  which  are  now  living.  The  subject  of  this  sketch 
was  born  in  Mt.  Joy,  Lancaster  county,  Pa.,  March  24, 
1845,  where  he  received  his  early  education.  Studied 
medicine  with  Dr.  J.  L.  Ziegler  of  Mt.  Joy,  Pa.,  and 
attended  lectures  at  Jefferson  College,  Philadelphia,  and 
graduated  in  the  year  1S61,  and  practiced  two  years  at 
his  old  home.  Was  in  the  Navy,  South  Carolina  and 
Georgia  Blockading  Squadron  and  was  assistant 
surgeon  and  had  charge  of  160  men.      In  1865,  went  to 


720 


HISTORY   OF  PEORIA  COUNTY 


Monroe,  Wis.,  where  he  engaged  in  the  drug  business 
u  clerk  Tor  J.  K.  Eilert,  where  he  remained  until  1S77, 
when  he  came  to  Brimfield  and  engaged  in  the  drug 
business  on  his  own  hook.  Married  Alice  S.  Banks, 
daughter  of  James  A.  Banks.  She  was  bom  in  llaverill, 
Mass.,  1S48.  The  fruit  of  this  marriage  is  two  chil- 
dren, Grace  and  Samuel.  Member  of  the  I.O.O.F. 
Carries  a  stock  of  $3,000. 

Mahpr  Jamf*.  farmer.  P.  O.  Ifriniflcld. 
Malu-rJuIiti.  r:>riiii'r  HO.  Ilrlninolil. 
Malirr  TlMiiiiai.  ririmr.  I'.  (I.  Ilrliiinclil. 
M»li.-irT    f:irin.r.  V.  (1.  llrlnifl-lil. 
.Matier  IMIrli-k,  farmer.  1-.  <>.  Ilrlmni-lil. 
Mallz  Will.  ,1.  r;»riiuT.  I*,  o,  Kreni'li  Orove. 
Males  OllviT,  pixtlcrer.  I*.  ().  Itrliiiflfia. 

MAK.SHALL  >IARIOX,  retired  farmer,  is 
the  son  of  Elijah  Marshall,  of  Scotch  descent,  who  was 
born  on  the  6ih  day  uf  Novemlwr,  1766.  In  the  latter 
part  of  the  war  of  the  revolution  he  was  a  prisoner  for 
nine  months  on  board  the  ship  Old  Jersey.  On  the 
25th  day  of  May,  1788,  he  married  Mary  Pierce  and 
located  at  Chester,  Vt.,  where  the  subject  of  this  sketch 
was  born  March  12,  181 1,  and  received  a  very  common 
school  education.  At  seventeen  years  of  age  he  went 
to  Green  county,  N.  V'.,  where  he  was  employed  at 
brick  making  until  1S33,  and  afterward  embarked  in 
the  same  business  with  a  partner,  through  whose  finan- 
cial irregularities  in  1850  lost  his  all,  about  $9,000. 
Soon  after  came  to  Jubilee  township,  and  secured 
eighty  acres  of  land,  having  since  owned  large  tracts 
in  the  same  township.  On  February  7,  1833,  he  mar- 
ried Lois,  daughter  of  Kcv.  Kufus  liruce,  an  old  time 
pastor  of  the  liaptist  Church  ;  she  was  born  near  Ches- 
ter, \'t.,  August  9.  1812.  This  marriage  was  blessed 
with  a  family  of  ten  children,  four  of  whom  died  in  in- 
fancy. One  son  was  in  the  Union  army  and  killed  at 
Kenesaw  mountains,  and  four  sons  and  one  daughter 
are  still  living.  Mr.  M.  has  held  sever-il  local  offices  of 
trust.  Is  a  member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.,  Kempton  Lodge 
of  Green  county,  N.  Y. ;  members  of  the  Baptist 
Church.     Republican  in  politics. 

Uarsliall  It.  It.  r.irnier,  I'.  O.  Klmwood. 

MAU.SII.VLL  S.  farmer.  Sec,  30,  V.  O.  Klm- 
wood, W.1S  born  in  I'reble  county,  Ohio,  on  the  8lh  day 
of  February,  1825,  having  been  reared  on  a  larni,  and 
received  a  comniuii  school  education.  Having  lost  his 
father  at  the  age  of  fifteen,  he  remained  at  home  until 
the  I2tli  day  of  .March  1848,  when  he  married  Miss  E. 
A.  Austin,  who  waa  born  in  the  same  county,  October 
IS.  1838.  On  the  16th  of  the  same  month  they  located 
where  he  now  resides,  and  owns  640  acres  of  land, 
valued  at  $65  per  acre,  and  also  has  a  residence  of 
which  the  original  cost  was  $14,000.  They  have  four 
children  —  three  sons  and  one  daughter.  Republican 
in  |Militict. 

MbiwcII  o.  u.  carpenter,  P.  U.  Ilrlmnrld. 
MfCIilCLLAX,  farmer.  Sec.  17,  P.O.  Brimfield. 


Mrltnnnuch  p.  farmpr.  P  O.  Brlmflpld. 
MrI.auKhllii  John,  faniirr.  P.  0   Krlmaeld. 
Mrhaii  retrr.  farinrr.  P.  o   HrliiillrM. 
Mfhaii  Palrlck,  rrllrt«1.  P.  <>.  Hrlmflcld. 
Meyer*  .1.  P.  laborer.  P.  o.  llrlmllrld. 
Moore  IllTlil.  fanner.  P.  O.  Kreticb  Orove. 
Moore  <!.  farmer.  P.  o.  Kreiicli  Urote. 
Moore  Janu't  H.  fariiicr,  P.  o.  Itrlnineld. 
Mu4jre  Saiuuel,  farmer.  P.  O.  lirlmneld. 

MOltEY  C.  II.  farmer.  Sec  33,  P.  O.  Elmwood. 
Was  born  in  Butler  county,  O.,  January,  1S29,  and  in 
1839  moved  to  Washington  county.  Mo.  In  those  days 
the  schools  were  supported  by  subscription,  and  there 
being  ten  children  in  the  family,  his  opportunities  for 
education  were  limited.  June  12,  1852,  married  Miss 
Mary  A.  Dickson,  who  was  bom  in  the  same  county, 
October  8,  1S25.  They  soon  after  settled  on  Sec.  33  of 
this  township,  where  they  own  200  acres  of  land,  valued 
$60  per  acre.  Liberal  in  religion.  Politically  a  Repub- 
lican. 

Morrey  Asbury.  farmer,  P.  o.  Elmwood. 
Murey  Kllza,  Mrs.  rariner.  P.  O.  Klmwood. 

Muril..rlc  It.  II.  f.irmer.  P.O.  Ilrlmflel.l. 
.Miiribx-k  S:«mu<-1,  rariiu'r.  P.  <l.  hrlmfleld. 
Miir'lin-k  Th"m»«.  f;irrnfr.  P   O.  Ilrlmnelil. 
.MunbM'k  WlllUm.  farmrr.  P  o  llrlmneltl. 
Neetllialn  P.  K.  bUitkismllb.  P.  O.  UrimHeld. 
o'Harra  .Sarah,  farmer.  P.  U.  Krlmndd. 

O'HAK.V  WILLI.VM,  pilot,  P.  O.  Brimfield. 
Son  of  John  and  .Sarah  O'llara,  natives  of  Belfast,  Ire- 
land. Father  came  to  United  States  in  1819,  mother  in 
1820,  and  located  in  Boonville,  N.  V.,  where  the  subject 
of  this  sketch  was  born,  March  4,  1831,  being  one  of  a 
family  of  eleven  children,  four  boys  and  seven  girls. 
In  the  year  1846  left  his  home,  and  in  1848  arrived  in 
Chicago.  Thentc  down  the  Illinois  river,  for  the  pur- 
pose of  learning  the  river  and  becoming  a  pilot,  and 
has  run  on  the  Mississippi  and  Illinois  rivers  since,  as 
pilot  and  captain,  running  down  as  far  as  Memphis. 
.■\t  the  time  of  the  war  was  on  a  transport.  Mr.  0"Hara 
has  always  been  a  stirring  man,  and  has  seen  a  great 
deal  of  the  world. 

Patterson  .1.  M.  farmer.  »•.  o.  Klmwood. 
PiilslferS.  W    fanner.  P.  o    llrimnelil. 
Piirrell  (;f.orKeS.  retlreil  farin»'r.  P.  O.  BrlniArld. 
Pun  ell  lieoTKe,  fnrmer.  P  o   llrlnifleld. 
lUdley  Oiorxe.  farmer.  P.O.  lirlmfleid. 
Ilcamir  William,  f.\rmer,  P.  O.  Ilrlmneld. 

HKKI>  .lO.SKPIl,  farmer.  Sec.  5,  P.  O.  1  rench 
Grove.  Born  in  Marshall  county,  Va.,  on  the  l6lh  day 
of  April,  1825.  Married  Miss  K.  R.  Henderson,  Feb- 
ruary, 1S52.  She  was  born  in  Washington  county.  Pa., 
March  16,  1S29.  In  1855  came  to  this  county,  where 
he  rented  a  (arm  for  two  years,  then  purchased  the  farm 
where  he  now  resides.  Owns  264  acres  of  land,  under 
a  high  state  of  cultivation,  valued  at  $7;  ]>er  acre. 
They  are  blessed  with  a  family  of  eight  children,  five 
sons  and  three  daughters.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Heed  are 
ineml>ers  o(  the  Picsbylrrian  Church  at  French  Grove, 
he  holding  theofliceof  trustee  since  1859.  Republican 
in  politics. 

UKKI)  MOUHOW  P.  farmer.  Sec.  3,  P. 
O.  Brimfield,  Son  of  (ieorgc  W.  Reed  and  |oana 
Pattenon ;  the  fonner  a  native  of  Virginia,  the  Utter 


BRIMFIELD  DIRECTORY. 


721 


of  Pennsylvania.  Located  in  Peoria  about  1835,  where 
his  father  engaged  at  the  carpenter's,  trade.  Mr.  Reed 
was  born  on  the  19th  day  of  June,  1840,  and  at  nine 
years  of  age  his  father  died,  and  at  thirteen  he  deter- 
mined to  do  for  himself,  came  to  this  neighborhood, 
worked  for  J.  McCoy  continuously  for  seven  years,  then 
went  to  southwest  Missouri.  On  the  nth  day  of  Feb- 
ruary, 1865,  enlisted  in  Company  F,  i4Sth  Illinois 
Infantry.  Discharged  at  Nashville,  September  22, 
1865  ;  returned  to  this  county.  Married  Jane  A., 
daughter  of  J.  C.  Whittaker,  February  22,  1866.  She 
was  born  in  Queens  county,  Ireland,  July,  1843,  and 
emigr.ited  to  this  county  with  her  parents  in  1845. 
Has  210  acres  of  land  under  good  cultivation,  valued 
at  $80  per  acre.  They  have  seven  children,  two  sons 
and  five  daughters.  Mrs.  Reed  is  a  member  of  the  M. 
E.  Church.  Mr.  Reed  is  a  Republican  in  politics. 
lieed  Samuel,  farmer,  P.  O.  French  Grove. 

RICHFORD    DAVLD,    farmer.   Sec.  26,   V. 

0.  Brimfield.  Was  born  in  county  Mayo,  Ireland, 
October  ig,  1S21,  reared  on  a  farm  until  1S45,  when  he 
declared  his  independence  by  emigrating  to  the  United 
States,  via  Quebec  to  Plattsburg,  N.  Y.  Worked  as  a 
laborer  at  quarrying  rock,  thence  to  Montpelier,  Vt., 
where  he  engaged  in  lumbering  for  three  years.  In  the 
Fall  of  183S  came  to  Peoria  county,  and  worked  for 
Joel  Blakesly  five  years,  and  two  years  for  E.  F.  Smith. 
Married  Miss  Agnes  Farwell,  August  28,  1857,  who 
was  born  in  Ireland  in  1841,  and  emigrated  to  the 
United  States,  and  to  this  county  alone  when  fourteen 
years  of  age,  finding  a  home  with  an  aunt,  Mrs.  Cath- 
erine Kchoe.  After  his  marriage  Mr.  Richford  pur- 
chased his  first  eighty  acres  of  land,  and  in  1S64  bought 
another  eighty,  making  160  acres,  valued  at  $75  per 
acre.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Richford  have  been  blessed  with 
a  family  of  four  sons  and  four  daughters.  All  members 
of  the  Catholic  Church.     Democrat. 

Rtcbsteln  Margaret,  farmer,  P.  O.  Etmwood. 
Riley  James,  farmer,  P.  O.  IJrimfield. 

RINCHART  NICHOLAS,  farmer.   Sec.   3, 
P.  O.  Brimfield.     Was  born  in  Sultz,  France,  November 

1,  1827,  and  with  his  parents  immijn'ated  to  the  United 
States,  and  located  near  Kickapoo,  where  his  parents 
still  reside.  Married  Miss  Catherine  Shuts,  May,  1S49. 
She  was  born  in  Baden,  Germany,  in  1S29,  and  came 
to  America  in  1S47,  ^nd  landed  at  St.  Louis,  remained 
there  two  years;  came  to  this  county.  In  1S65  they 
came  to  Brimfield  township  and  purchased  the  farm  he 
now  owns,  consisting  of  240  acres,  valued  at  $80  per 
acre.  The  fruit  of  this  marriage  is  seven  children, 
three  sons  and  four  daughters.  Members  of  the  Cath- 
olic Church.     Democrat. 

Rlner  .Jacob,  farmer.  P.  O.  Elmwood. 
Riner  J.  C.  farmer.  P.  O.  Elmwood. 
Riiier  J.  W.  farmer,  P.  O.  Elmwood. 
Root  O.  K.  Mrs.  farmer,  P.  O.  Brlmflcld. 
Rounds  Oliver,  farmer.  P.  O.  Brlmlield. 
Kuuyon  J.  C.  farmer,  p.  O.  Elmwood. 


Russell  Rowell,  farmer,  P.  O.  Brimfield. 
Rviiearson  C.  T..  farmer.  P.  o.  French  (irove. 
Srhisler  (!co,  faiincr.  P.  <).  Elmwood. 
Sli.Uk"|>M.l..liii.  Mnncr.  P.  (1.  lirllutlfld. 
SIimUm  Irc'l.  f;iriiier,  P.  ().  Elmwood. 
.SI. 1:111   rii.inu-ls.  f;iiTiiiT.  P.  O.  Brimfield. 
Snyder  Chas.  A.  farmer.  P.  O.  Elmwood. 
Snyder  J.  farmer,  P.  O.  Elmwood. 

SNYDER  J.  W.  farmer.  Sec.  29,  P.  O.  Elm- 
wood. The  parents  of  Mr.  Snyder  were  natives  of 
Pennsylvania,  but  became  pioneers  of  Butler  county, 
Ohio,  as  early  as  1S07,  where  Mr.  S.  was  born,  August 
II,  1815.  Remained  with  his  parents,  assisting  in  the 
improvement  and  cultivation  of  a  farm,  until  twenty- 
four  years  of  age.  On  Christmas  day,  1839,  married 
Miss  Maria  Hursh,  who  was  born  in  Northumberl.and 
county.  Pa.  Located  in  Middletown,  of  the  same 
county,  and  embarked  in  hotel  and  livery  business  until 
1S54.  Was  elected  county  treasurer  and  served  four 
years.  In  1858,  emigrated  to  Peoria  county  and  to  his 
present  place  of  residence.  Owns  300  acres  of  land, 
valued  at  .fgo  per  acre.  On  the  igth  day  of  March, 
1S61,  his  wife  died,  leaving  five  children — four  sons  and 
one  daughter.  Feb.  26,  1S63,  married  Elizabeth  AUe- 
walt.  She  was  born  in  Adams  county,  Penn.,  on  the 
29th  day  of  August,  1833,  which  union  was  blessed  with 
two  sons.  Himself  and  first  wife  were  members  of  the 
U.  B.  Church ;  his  present  wife,  of  the  Lutheran. 
Democratic  in  politics.  Held  several  local  offices  of 
trust. 

SNYDER  M.  H.  farmer,  Sec.  29,  P.  O.  Elm- 
wood. Son  of  J.  W.  Snyder,  and  born  in  Butler  county, 
Ohio,  Jan.  15,  1845.  Having  received  a  liberal  educa- 
tion at  the  best  schools  in  Hamilton,  his  native  county, 
at  the  age  of  thirteen,  in  company  with  a  brother  and 
cousin,  with  teams,  came  to  Illinois,  arriving  at  Brim- 
field on  the  second  day  of  March,  1S5S,  and  began 
breaking  prairie  on  the  land  purchased  by  his  father  in 
1S54.  In  Sept.,  1S64,  entered  Lombard  University,  at 
Galesburg,  from  which  he  soon  after  enlisted  in  the 
i4Sth  111.  Vol.  Infantry,  and  was  assigned  to  the  Army 
of  the  Cumberland  and  retained  on  the  defence  of  the 
Nashville  &  Chattanooga  R.  R.  Mustered  out  at 
Nashville,  Sept.,  1865.  Married  Miss  Kate,  daughter 
of  Philip  Snyder  and  Mary  A.  Schenck,  of  this  town- 
ship. She  was  born  in  Butler  county,  Ohio,  April  14, 
1S45,  and  came  to  Peoria  county  with  her  parents  when 
ten  years  of  age.  He  owns  200  acres  of  land,  valued 
at  !?75  per  acre.  Democratic  in  politics.  Held  the 
office  of  supervisor  and  collector,  and  was  a  candidate 
for  county  clerk  in  1873. 

SNY^DBR  SAMUEL,  wagon  maker,  res. 
Brimfield.  The  subject  of  this  sketch,  whose  parents 
and  family  were  among  the  first  settlers  of  this  part  of 
the  county,  was  born  in  Bedford  county,  Penn.,  on  the 
27th  day  of  May,  18 1 3,  and  was  raised  to  the  trade  he 
now  follows,  until  twenty-three  years  of  age,  when  he 
accompanied  his  parents  and  family,  consisting  of  two 


722 


niSTORY   OF   PEORIA  COUNTY. 


sons  and  two  daughtcis,  to  this  county,  settling  in  Ju- 
bilee township,  one  and  a  half  miles  from  this  village. 
On  the  14th  day  of  March,  1839.  married  Miss  Mary, 
daughter  of  Daniel  Strausburg.  who  settled  in  Jubilee 
township.  She  was  bom  in  Baltimore,  April,  1818. 
In  the  Fall  of  1S39,  the  family  removed  to  Cooper 
county,  .Mo.  In  1850  the  subject  of  this  sketch  went 
the  overland  route  to  California,  and  remained  two 
years  and  a  half.  In  1S53,  returned  to  Hrimfield,  where 
he  has  since  resided.  They  have  four  sons  and  four 
daughters,  all  of  whom  except  one  are  settled  in  I'coria 
county.  The  entire  family  are  members  of  the  M.  E. 
Church,  Mr.  S.  being  one  of  the  original  members,  and 
notifying  the  settlers  of  the  first  services  in  this  part 
of  the  county,  held  at  his  father's  cabin  in  1S3C.  Mr. 
S.  is  Democratic  in  politics. 

.^trAlii  Westlv.  crorer,  1'.  <>.  llrtmflelU. 
Kultixi  Ana.  fArliier.  P.  O.  Itrlniflt-M. 
Swlitilii  IVtfr,  railiuT,  P.  t).  Ilrlinnelil. 
TlioinpHoii  )i.-.i.  A.rariucr,  P.  o.  KliiiMotMl. 
T<i'-kfr  A.  .1.  r»riii**r,  P.  <».  Frt-nrli  (irovf. 
Tu'Wf  rfatlnTliif.  r;trilliT,  P.O.  Kmii'li  Grove. 
Tuckt-r  David.  r.inniT,  P.  O.  FrelicH  Urovc. 

TUCKKK  EZUA,  Jr.  farmer.  Sec.  15,  P.  O. 
Brimfield,  son  of  Ezra  Tucker,  Sen.  (who  emigrated 
from  Madison  county,  N.  Y.,  in  1843),  born  in  Madi- 
son county,  N.  Y.,  being  nine  years  of  age  when  he 
came  to  I'eoria  county.  On  the  23d  day  of  December, 
1S74,  married  Miss  Fanny  Moody,  who  was  born  in 
rrinceville,  this  county,  September,  1850.  He  settled 
on  the  old  homestead  (where  his  father  died  in 
1853),  containing  160  acres  of  land,  valued  at  $So  per 
acre.  They  arc  blessed  by  three  children,  two  sons  and 
one  daughter.  Members  of  the  Congregational  Church. 
Independent  in  politics.  Has  held  several  local  ofhccs 
of  trust. 

TUCKICK  II.  C.  farmer  and  grain  dealer,  I*.  O. 
Brimfield  (Sec.  22),  son  of  Ezra  and  Sarah  (Furncss) 
Tucker,  was  born  in  Madison  county.  N.  Y..  March  16, 
1833.  When  nine  years  old  emigrated  to  this  county 
with  his  parents,  where  he  ha*  followed  farming  most  of 
the  lime  since.  Married  Miss  Emily  M.  Ellis.  She  was 
born  November  ir,  1845.  The  fruit  of  this  marriage 
is  four  cliiMren,  Cleniie  M.,  Carrie  M..  Allieand  Duane 
II.  Mrs.  T.  and  Clemie  are  members  of  the  Congre- 
gational Church.  lias  l6»  acres  of  land  valued  at 
$13,000. 

TUCKER  JOHN  8.  farmer  and  tile  manufac 
turer.  Sec.  6,  I'.  O.  French  Grove,  son  of  John  and 
Ellen  Tucker,  who  were  natives  of  Ashland  county,  O., 
and  pioneen  of  I'eoria  county,  having  settled  on  Sec. 
6  in  1834,  and  erected  a  two  story  brick  residence  in 
1840,  and  with  the  aid  of  thirteen  children,  eight  sons 
and  five  daughters,  improved  a  farm  of  600  acres. 
Father  died  in  1850.  Mother  died  in  187a.  Mr. 
Tucker  was  the  youngest  son  and  born  where  he  now 
resides,  retaining  3$;  acres  ol  land  of  the  original 
farm,  which  he  values  at  $100  per  acre.    .Soon  after  (he 


breaking  out  of  the  late  war  he  enlisted  in  the  Sth  III. 
Inf.,  Co.  L.  Capl..  Green  ;  participated  at  Ft.  Henry, 
Donaldson,  Missionary  Kidge,  Russell  House,  where  he 
was  wounded,  after  which  he  was  appointed  forage 
master,  and  while  acting  as  such  was  taken  prisoner ; 
held  at  different  prisons,  seven  months  of  the  time  at 
Andersonville,  making  his  escape  and  recaptured  seven 
different  limes;  mustered  out  at  St.  Louis,  June.  1865. 
In  .\ugust  of  the  same  year  married  Miss  Mary,  daugh- 
ter of  Joseph  and  Margaret  Nilson,  who  came  to  Knux 
county  in  1836,  where  she  was  l>om  on  the  1st  day  of 
December.  1843.  In  the  Fall  of  1877  Mr.  T.  began 
the  manufacture  of  brick  and  tile,  having  discovered  on 
his  farm  a  blue  joint  clay,  which  was  pronounced  by  a 
man  of  forty-one  years'  experience  the  best  in  this  part 
of  the  county.  Seven  children  blessed  this  union,  two 
sons  and  five  daughters.     Republican  in  politics. 

Tuclcer  SAmupl,  farmer.  P.  o.  Kn'iicli  Grove. 

Tii<-krr  V.  L.  f.iriin'r.  P.  o.  French  Grove. 

Turner  t'lc»».  f.^riner.  P.  <l.  llrlmflelil. 

\  ,>ii<leri;r:>fi  I..  K.  l»<.irJliiK  litiuse.  P.  (I.  BrlinAelil. 

Vim  Patten  Wrn.  farmer.  P.  O.  llrimflelil. 

Van  Wuriner  Wni.  farmer,  P.  U.  brlmflelil. 

WATSON  WM.  farmer,  res.  Brimfield,  was 
born  in  Lincolnshire,  England,  on  the  38th  day  of 
December,  1824.  When  less  than  one  year  old  his 
f.ilher  died,  after  which  he  found  a  home  with  his 
grandparents  until  about  fifteen  years  of  age,  and 
worked  as  a  farm  laborer  in  his  native  county  until  the 
Spring  of  1850,  when  he  emigrated  to  the  United 
States  and  resumed  his  usual  occupation  near  Buffalo, 
N.  Y.,  and  thence  to  Blue  Bell,  To.  In  April.  1855,  he 
married  Catherine  Muny,  who  was  bom  in  Cork,  Ire- 
land, in  1S29,  and  came  to  America  in  1846.  Imme- 
diately after  their  marri.-ige  they  came  to  Brimfield, 
where  they  have  resided  since,  and  by  industry  and 
economy  have  .nccumulated  a  fine  property.  Own  fifty 
.icrcs  of  land  near  the  village,  valued  at  $5,000,  and 
two  houses  and  lots,  valued  at  $4,000.  They  have  six 
children —  two  sons  and  four  daughters.  Mrs.  W.  and 
three  of  her  daughters  arc  members  of  the  Baptist 
Church.     Republican  in  politics. 

Weliluer  Jaroli.  farmrr,  P.  <).  llrlmtleW. 
We«lon  Patrick,  farmer.  P.  O.  llrlmflelil. 
Willierwai  Aiiilrew.  fanner.  P.  0.  Ilrtliifleld. 
Wettit-rwnt  (i.  W.  r.ii  iner,  P.  o.  llilmneM. 
Whllt.'n  Wni   (iirniiT.  P.  II   Hrlmnel.l. 
Whll.il  Airre.l.  farmer,  P  <l.  Ilrllnlli  I.I. 
Wiley  KIKalielll.  rellreU.  P.  O.  Ilrlmrleld. 

WILKY  K.  W.  farmer.  Sec.  35,  I'.  O.  Brim- 
field, was  born  in  Rockingham,  Vt.,  December  12.  1S25. 
Although  raised  a  tiller  of  the  soil,  at  the  age  of  twenty 
he  determined  to  change  his  occupation  and  went  to 
Greenfield,  Mass.,  where  he  learned  the  trimmers' 
trade.  On  the  37th  of  June,  1S46,  he  married  Miss 
Eliznlwth  Pulsifer,  born  in  Rockingham  county,  Yl., 
June  3,  1836.  Soon  afier  engaged  in  heavy  hardware 
business  at  Greenfield,  and  continued  in  the  same  for 
two  yean ;  thence  to  Bellows  Fall,  and  continued  in 
the  same  business  until  iSji  ;  ihcncc  to  Illinois,  Brim- 


CHILLICOTHE  DIRECTORY. 


723 


field  township,  and  settled  on  the  farm  he  now  occu- 
pies, containing  200  acres,  valued  at  IfJSo  per  acre.  His 
wife  died  November  19.  1S73,  leaving  two  children. — 
a  son  and  a  daughter.  He  married  for  his  second  wife 
Miss  Sarah  A.  lirewer,  of  Chester,  Vt.,  February  14, 
1S77.  Mr.  W.  and  his  first  wife  were  members  of  the 
Coni;regational  Church.  Independent  in  politics. 
Williamson  L.  S.  attorney  at  law,  P.  O.  Brimfleld. 

WYLKY  J.  E.  (deceased),  is  the  son  of  John 
and  Randella  (Weaver)  Wyley,  Mr.  W.  being  the  third 
son  of  a  family  of  nine  children  —  eight  sons  and  one 
daughter.  Was  born  in  Wyndam  county,  Vt.,  October 
19,  1S20,  where  he  received  his  early  education  ;  was 
also  at  Dartmouth  College.  He  married  Miss  Eliza- 
beth W'ilson,  daughter  of  Solomon  W'ilson,  who  was 
born  in  Chester,  Windsor  county,  Vt.,  JIarch  ig,  1S27. 
The  fruit  of  this  marriage  was  four  children  —  Solon 
W.,  Clinton  M.,  May  E.  and  Walter  L.  Solon  W. 
died  April  21,  1877,  and  May  died  February  8,  1864. 
Mr.  W.  came  to  this  county  in  1844,  and  engaged  in 
farming  and  sheep  raising.     Held  several   local  offices 


of  trust,  and  was  a  justice  of  the  peace  for  twenty  years. 
Mr.  W.  was  a  man  who  was  highly  esteemed  by  his 
neighbors,  and  a  leading  man  of  the  township.  Resi- 
dence and  post-office,  Brimfield. 

WOOD  T.  J.  pastor  of  M.  E.  Church,  res. 
Brimfield,  was  born  in  Rod;  Island  county,  III.,  in  1848, 
and  after  receiving  a  preparatory  education  at  Eding- 
ton,  that  county,  in  1865,  entered  Hedding  College, 
Abingdon,  from  which  he  graduated  in  1870,  on  the 
27th  day  of  February  of  the  same  year,  married  Miss 
A.  1'".  King,  who  was  born  at  Walnut  Grove,  Warren 
county.  111.,  on  the  gth  day  of  September,  1851,  and 
soon  after  entered  the  University  at  Fairview,  Fulton 
county,  and  remained  there  one  year  ;  thence  to  Sum- 
mit, Kno.K  county,  at  which  place  a  part  of  his  work 
was  in  this  county;  thence  to  Cuba,  Fulton  county, 
where  he  remained  two  years;  thence  to  Kickapoo, 
remaining  there  two  years,  and  at  Smithville,  one  year; 
thence  to  Brimfield  in  1870.  Is  a  member  of  the  A.  F. 
&  A.  M.,  at  Yates  City,  having  joined  in  1872,  and 
served  as  chaplain,  and  has  taken  an  active  part  since. 


CHILLICOTHE    TOWNSHIP. 


ADAMS  LEWIS,  postmaster  and  fruit  grower, 
Rome,  was  born  in  Fairfield  county.  Conn.,  Januarv' 
23,  1S23,  and  is  the  son  of  Zalmon  Adams  and  Sallie 
Haines.  His  father  was  a  native  of  Connecticut,  and 
his  mother  of  New  York,  and  she  died  when  he  was 
but  eight  years  old.  He  went  to  sea  when  very  young ; 
took  a  whaling  cruise  into  the  Indian  ocean,  and, 
rounding  Cape  Horn,  landtd  in  San  Francisco  in  1S38. 
Followed  a  seafaring  life  for  seven  years,  and  made 
numerous  cruises  to  the  British  West  Indies,  South 
America  and  the  Carolinas,  part  of  the  time  as  mate 
and  captain.  In  October,  1 851,  he  sailed  in  the  clip- 
per ship  "  Cornet "  for  San  Francisco,  arriving,  after  a 
passage  of  103  days,  in  January,  1852.  The  next 
three  years  he  spent  in  California,  part  of  time  on 
.Sacramento  river,  and  part  of  the  time  farming;  and 
in  other  positions.  Was  in  city  of  Oakland,  when 
only  four  houses  were  built  in  it.  Returning  home 
via  Panama  in  November,  1854,  and  was  taken  down 
with  the  Panama  fever  on  reaching  home,  which  lasted 
some  time.  He  then  worked  for  some  time  at  his 
trade  of  shoemaker,  and,  in  1855,  took  a  long  tour 
through  the  Northwestern  States,  and  finally  located 
at  Rome,  in  Peoria  county,  where  he  has  since  resided. 
He  married  Eliza  W.  Gray,  a  native  of  Connecticut, 
March  31,  1845,  by  whom  he  has  three  children  :  Cora 
G.,  Ella,  Herman.  Mr.  Adams  began  to  devote  his 
attention  to  fruit  culture  about  ten  years  ago,  and   has 


made  Lake  View  fruit  farm  one  of  the  most  attractive 
and  remunerative  places  in  Peoria  county.  From 
two  and  a  half  acres  of  grapes  he  has  harvested  a  crop 
which  brought  him  $400.  Has  one  thousand  plum 
trees,  and  a  large  apple  orchard  ;  raises  large  quantities 
of  melons.  Has  thirty-three  acres  of  land,  twenty-five 
acres  of  which  constitute  his  fruit  farm.  He  owns 
also  a  fine  property  in  the  village  of  Rome.  Has 
been  postmaster  tor  seven  years. 

ALEX-\NDEK  THOMAS,  lumber  manu- 
facturer, and  mill  owner,  res.  Chillicothe,  was  born 
in  Tazewell  county,  Illinois,  December  12,  1S2S,  and 
is  the  son  of  James  G.  and  Phoebe  Alexander.  His 
mother  died  in  1833,  and  his  father,  in  the  succeeding 
year,  of  cholera ;  and  he  also  lost,  about  the  same  time, 
his  grandparents,  uncles  and  aunts ;  his  brother  and 
himself  being  all  that  were  left  of  the  family.  His 
brother  died  in  1849.  He  learned  the  trade  of  car- 
penter in  Pekin,  111.,  and  followed  that  occupation 
together  with  that  of  wagon  making  during  the 
Winters,  till  1861,  when,  upon  August  30th,  of  that 
year  he  entered  the  army,  enlisting  in  (Company  I. 
Iilh  1.  V.  I.,  and  took  part  with  it  in  its  many  engage- 
ments. He  was  promoted  first  sergeant  soon  after  the 
battle  of  Shiloh,  and  on  September  4,  1862,  was  pro- 
moted second  lieutenant,  which  rank  he  held  till 
March  9,  1863,  when  he  resigned  his  commission  and 
left  the  service.     He  married,  in   1S54,  Louisa  Kinsey, 


724 


HISTORY   OP  PEOIUA  COUNTY. 


a  native  of  Tazewell  county,  who  died  a  year  afief 
wards,  leaving  one  child  —  Martha;  married  October 
12,  1856,  Mary  Kinscy,  who  was  born  May,  1833,  in 
Tazewell  county,  by  whom  he  has  had  six  children  : 
Harriet,  Nellie,  Caroline,  I'boebe  Stella,  Sabin,  and 
Uera  Alexander.  Mr.  Alexander  has  been  running  a 
planing  mill  since  1S72;  owns  the  mill  property,  besides 
his  residence  and  lot  in  town ;  is  a  member  of  Masonic 
Blue  Lodge,  Chapter  and  Commandery,  and  has  at- 
tained the  highest  rank  in  Odd  Fellowship. 

Allpn.  C.  «'.  p!iyi»lclan.  rfH.  crillHritllte. 
Alvtiril  .1.  ,1.  rriKliief  r,  rrs.  t'lillllroltie. 
AnUffWH  I.VIUA11.  frri>C4>r,  res.  rtuilleutbe. 
AQUrrsuii  Maria  Mrs.  rrs.  I'lilllli-uttie. 

ASHWOKTU  THOMAS,  merchant  of  dry 
goods  and  groceries,  res.  Chillicothe,  was  born  in  Eng- 
land,  June  14.  1S34,  and  after  serving  an  apprentice- 
ship to  his  business,  came  to  America  in  1853,  and  for 
the  next  five  years  worked  as  finisher  in  a  woolen  manu- 
factory at  Taunton,  Mass.,  and  then  came  West,  and 
for  two  years  engaged  in  farming  in  Chillicothe  town- 
ship ;  removed  to  town  and  sold  groceries  almost  con- 
tinuously for  the  next  fifteen  years,  serving  about  one 
year  with  one  firm,  and  seven  years  with  each  of  two 
others.  In  1862,  he  served  for  six  months  as  suttlcr  in 
the  army,  and  ten  years  later  purchased  the  grocery 
department  of  Powell  &  Taylor,  and  began  business 
for  himself,  adding  dry  goods  to  his  stock  some  four 
months  aftcrward.s.  On  January  5,  1S57,  he  married 
Sarah  A.  Westerman,  who  was  born  in  England,  Octo- 
ber II,  1832,  by  whom  he  has  had  seven  children,  only 
three  of  whom  now  survive;  John  Thomas,  aged 
twenty;  Kliza  E.,  aged  seventeen  ;  and  Florence,  aged 
eleven.  Mr.  Ashworth  was  for  over  live  years  town 
clerk  and  is  at  present  a  member  of  the  School  lioard  ; 
belongs  to  the  orders  of  Masonry  and  Odd  Fellowship  ; 
is  a  prominent  worker  in  the  Red  Ribbon  Club,  and 
superintendent  of  the  Baptist  Church  Sabbath  School. 
He  owns  his  store  building  and  residence  in  Chilli- 
cothe. 
Austin  Mary  .1.  rrs.  Chllllcullir. 

BAKIJOUIt  WILLIAM  H.  mayor,  and 
grain  and  stock  dealer,  and  shipper;  res.  Chillicothe, 
Was  born  in  Ireland  in  1S33,  and  is  the  youngest  ol  a 
family  of  six  boys.  His  parents  were  John  Barbour 
and  Catherine  Classen,  and  with  them  he  came  to 
America  in  1848,  settling  in  Pittsburgh,  Pa.;  came  to 
Henry  county,  Illinois,  in  1857,  and  to  Chillicothe  in 
1865.  He  farmed  during  his  first  two  years  in  Illinois, 
but  has  since  devoted  himself  to  the  business  of  buying 
and  shipping  live  stock  and  grain.  His  firm  has 
bought  and  shipped  over  30,ooo  hogs  last  year,  and 
handle  nearly  350,lxki  bu>hels  of  grain  per  annum.  He 
held  for  two  years  the  office  of  town  clerk  in  Henry 
county,  and  was  also  for  several  years  justice  of  the 
peace  there,  and,  tince  coming  to  Chillicothe,  hoi  been 


alderman  a  number  of  years,  and  is  now  serving  hit 
second  term  as  mayor.  Married,  in  1S62,  Mary  Slater, 
who  was  bom  in  New  York  in  1840,  by  whom  he  has 
one  child:  John  H.,  born  in  18G6.  Mr.  Barbour  owns 
a  fine  residence  and  lot  in  Chillicothe.  His  father 
was  killed  by  a  steamboat  explosion  on  the  Muskingum 
River.  Ohio. 

Harnes  O.  W.  jrroe«r,  r««.  (!talllleothe. 

Uuitlan  Mra.  H.  rM.  Chllllcolliv. 

lleck  Wllllani,  farnier.  I'.  U. Clillllcotiie. 

UEEBE  KUUIJEN  B.  contractor  and  builder, 
res.  Chillicothe,  was  bom  in  HamdcnCo.,  Mass.,  .\pril 
22,  1S24,  and  is  the  son  of  Charles  Beebe  and  Lacy 
Hamlin  ;  came  west  at  fourteen  years  of  age,  and  set- 
tled at  Northampton,  Peoria  Co.  His  father  was  a 
farmer,  but  Mr.  Beebe  went  to  learn  his  trade  with  his 
brother  at  the  age  of  sixteen,  and  afterwards  worked 
at  it  for  three  years  in  Lee  Co. ;  did  some  business  on 
his. own  account  in  Dixon,  III.,  and  in  1851  came  to 
Chillicothe,  and  established  himself,  since  when  he  has 
done  a  heavy  building  business  over  a  large  area  of 
country.  In  1S54  he  married  Josephine  Oakford,  who 
was  born  in  Philadelphia  in  1834,  by  whom  he  has  had 
eight  children.  During  the  late  war  he  enlisted  in  Co. 
C,  86th  I.  V.  I.,  W.VS  elected  2nd  Lieutenant,  and  was 
mustered  in  August  1862.  He  served  till  the  February 
following  and  then  resigned. 

UFAAj  LLEWELLYN,  retired  mechanic,  res. 
Chillicothe,  was  born  at  Fort  Ann,  Washington  Co. 
N.  v..  May  18,  1829,  and  in  the  following  year  removed 
with  his  parents  to  Ross  Co.,  O.,  where  he  was  brought 
up,  and  where  he  learned  the  trade  of  wagonmaker 
with  his  father  Ralph  Bell.  He  afterwards  worked  at 
this  business  on  his  own  account  for  lifteen  years  ;  had 
a  marked  talent  for  all  mechanical  occupations  ;  used 
to  manufacture  the  foot  wear  for  his  family  and  also 
worked  at  harness  making.  In  1S56  he  gave  up|wagon 
making  and  applied  himself  to  blacksmithing,  which 
business  he  followed  for  about  a  year.  On  Feb.  27, 
1864,  in  Chillicothe,  O.,  he  enlisted  in  Co.  C,  33rd  O. 
V.  I.  and  was  in  the  1st  Div.  1st  Brigade  of  14th  Army 
Corps,  Gen.  Jeff  C.  Davis,  commanding.  Was  at  the 
battle  of  Rcsaca,  where  fifty-live  men  of  his  company 
were  killed,  and  also  at  the  battles  of  Atlanta  and 
Jonesborough.  After  the  battle  of  Atlanta  he  was 
detailed  to  act  as  blacksmith,  and  did  much  of  his  shoe- 
ing by  night,  to  which  he  attributes  the  loss  of  his  eye- 
sight, which  occurred  some  time  after  his  discharge. 
He  was  mustered  out  of  service  July  la,  1865.  In  1856 
hemarried  Sarah  Gallaugher,  who  was  bom  in  Muskin- 
gum Co.,  O.,  March  9,  1S37,  by  whom  he  has  had  nine 
children,  seven  of  whom  are  now  living,  vi«.,  Edgar, 
Mar>-,  now  Mrs.  Dunahuc,  Charlotte,  Llewellyn,  (de- 
ceased), William,  George,  Bertram,  Loren,  (deceased), 
and  Joseph  F.  Bell.     He  settled  in  Chillicothe,  Peoria 


CniLLlCOTHE  DIRECTORY. 


725 


Co.,  in  August  1S65,  owns  residence  .ind  lot    in    town, 
and  is  a  member  of  the  Red  Ribbon  Club. 

Blossom  Win.  ravpcnter.  res.  rhilllootlie. 
Bluiublc  M.  slioeinaker,  res.  ChUHcoilie. 

BOOTH  LEVI,  justice  of  the  peace,    collector 

and  insurance  agent  and  furniture   dealer,   res.   Chilli- 

cothe,  was  born  in  Delaware  Co.,  N.   Y.,  January  23, 

1S19,  and  is  the  eldest  in  a  family  of  nine  children.  His 

parents  were  Jacob  Booth  and  Lovis   McKean,  and  he 

removed  with  them  to  Illinois   by  flat    boat    down  the 

Alleghany   to    Pittsburgh,  and    thence    by   steamer   to 

Peoria,   in    October    1835,  arriving   at  Chillicothe  the 

25th  of  the  same  month,  when  they  built  a   cabin   and 

settled  on  Sec.  18.     His  father  was  a  soldier  in  the  war 

of  1S12,  and  his  mother  still  draws  a  pension  therefor. 

Mr.  Booth's  educational  advantages  in  the   East,   were 

limited  to  the  old  style  common   schools  ;  during   the 

last  term  he  attended,  he  sat  on  a  slab  bench,  and  paid 

extra  for  learning  grammar.     In  early  life   he  followed 

farming,  but  afterwards  learned  the  trade  of  a  carpenter 

and  followed  it  till  within  ten  years,  during   the    whole 

of  which  period  he  has  been  in  the   furniture   business, 

and  has  filled  the  office  of  justice  of  the  peace.    In  1844 

he  married  Mary  E.  Pratt,  by  whom   he   has   had   one 

child,  living,  now  Mrs.  E.  E.   Howe.     Six  years   after 

marriage,  Mrs.  Booth  died,   and   in    1S52    he  married 

Helen  Bassett,  who  died   about    five   years   afterwards, 

leaving  one  son,  Edwin  L.   Booth,  now  a  young   man 

living  at  home.     Mr.    Booth   married    Mrs.   Catharine 

Thompson,  January  I,  1859,  and  she  died   March   6, 

18S0.     He  has  in  addition  to  his  office  of  justice,  filled 

that  of  supervisor  for  ten  years ;  served  in  that  capacity 

during  the  war.  and  has  been  for  two   terms   chairman 

of  the  board.     He  owns  a  house  and   lot    and   a   large 

stock  of  goods. 

Bouter  E.  A.  enRineer,  res.  ChUIicothe. 

BOUIilER  MARY  JOSEPHINE  (widow 
of  Henry  Boulier,  farmer),  res.  Chillicothe,  was  born  in 
France  May  5,  1S25,  and  is  the  daughter  of  Joseph  and 
Adelaide  Sauvage,  who  came  to  America  in  1S3S,  and 
settled  in  Woodford  Co.,  111.  ;  afterwards  removing  to 
Marshall  Co.  in  the  same  State.  Her  late  husband  was 
also  born  in  France,  and  emigrated  to  this  country 
during  the  Winter  of  1S37-3S,  and  also  settled  in  Wood- 
ford Co.,  where  he  married  his  wife,  July  31,  1S43. 
They  had  eight  children,  Alexander,  Mary,  now  Mrs. 
Beckler,  Joseph,  Isabel,  now  Mrs.  Fagot,  all  living  in 
Woodford  Co.,  Adelaide,  Josephine,  Viclorine  and 
Anna.  Mr.  Boulier  died  Nov.  21,  1871,  and  in  October 
1875  his  widow,  removed  to  Chillicothe.  She  owns  a 
one  hundred  and  fifty  acre  farm  in  Woodford  Co.,  and 
a  house  and  two  lots  in  Chillicothe. 

BRADLEY  JOSEPH,  wagon  and  carriage 
manufacturer,  res.  Chillicothe,  was  born  in  Manchester, 
Lancashire.England,  April  27, 1829,  where  lie  was  reared 


until  fourteen,  when  he  went  to  Yorkshire  to  learn  his 
trade,  remaining  there  till  1S51,  when  he  came  to  Amer- 
ica ;  married  Mary  .-Vnn  Storry,  born  in  Yorkshire  by 
whom  he  has  one  child,  Jane  Ann,  now  Mrs.  Heath  of 
Henry,  111.  On  arriving  in  the  United  States  he  set- 
tled for  a  year  in  Wyoming  Co.  N.  Y.,  and  then 
removed  to  Alleghany  Co.,  where  he  started  a  shop  and 
ran  it  for  about  a  year.  He  then,  in  1854,  came  to 
Chillicothe,  and  one  year  later  established  a  manufac- 
tory, which  he  has  since  continued.  He  turns  out  both 
wagon  and  spring  work.  Has  been  alderman  for  eight 
years.  Owns  an  eighty  acre  farm  of  very  choice  land 
in  Sec.  20,  and  a  half  interest  in  123  acres  in  Sec.  9  of 
Chillicothe  township.  Also  two  stores  and  residence  in 
the  town. 

Ilrewer  George,  shoemaker,  res.  Chillicottie. 
liromli>w  E.  larmer.  res.  Chillicothe. 
Bromelow  J.  clerk,  res.  Chillicothe. 

BROAVN  MARGARET  J.  (widow  of  James 
Brown,  farmer),  residence  Chillicothe.  Both  Mrs. 
Brown  and  her  late  husband  were  born  in  Chillicothe, 
O.  ;  she  in  1820;  he  in  1810.  Her  parents,  William 
Dunlap  and  Jane  Long,  came  to  Chillicothe,  Peoria 
county,  in  1835,  where,  in  1838,  she  was  married.  She 
has  seven  children — Maria,  Mrs.  Sharman,  Amanda, 
Carrie,  William,  Milton,  Mary,  and  Lucy  Brown.  Mr. 
Brown  was  a  farmer  the  most  of  his  life,  and  he  died 
January  22,  1875.  His  widow  owns  33  aci'es  farming 
land  in  Chillicothe  township,  and  220  acres  in  Wood- 
ford county,  also  a  residence  in  Chillicothe ;  is  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Baptist  Church.  At  the  time  her  parents 
settled  here,  there  were  no  farms  within  three  miles  of 
the  site  of  the  town,  and  she  is  the  only  one  now  living 
who  settled  in  the  town  so  early. 

liebe  U.  Mrs.  residence  Chillicothe. 

luirch  Jiimes.  brickmason  and  plasterer,  residence  Chillicothe. 

Ituriiett  K.  L.  farmer,  P.  O.  Cliillicothe. 

CALDWELL  H.  F.  druggist  and  postmaster, 
residence  Chillicothe.  Was  born  in  Marshall  county, 
111.,  in  May,  1845,  and  is  the  son  of  James  Caldwell 
and  Sables  Hay,  now  living  in  Chillicothe.  He  was 
educated  at  Lombard  University,  Galesburg,  and  took 
a  course  of  study  at  Commercial  College  in  Peoria ; 
started  in  the  drug  business  in  Chillicothe  in  March, 
1873.  He  enlisted  in  the  army  in  1863,  but  being  only 
eighteen  years  of  age,  his  father  refused  to  let  him  go; 
but,  in  1S65,  he  again  enlisted  in  Company  C,  14th 
Regiment,  I.  V.  I.,  and  after  serving  eight  months,  was 
discharged  September  16,  ,1865.  Was  appointed  post- 
master April  I,  1873,  and  still  holds  that  office.  He 
married.  May  16,  1876,  Margaret  McMurray,  who  was 
born  in  Scotland,  February  Sth,  1847.  and  who  came  to 
America  when  only  one  year  old,  and  Chillicothe  ten 
years  later.  Two  children  have  blessed  their  union — 
Jessie  Maud  and  Lewis  H.Caldwell.  Mrs.  Caldwell 
is  a  member  of  the  Episcopal  Church. 


126 


niSTORY   OF  PEORIA  C-GUNTY. 


ral'linrll  .lani' 
Caldwrll  Will 
('allabau  Mr> 


■TTicr.  Chllllcothc 
rr^lUcnce  Chllllcolbe. 


CAKItOl^I^  CHARLES  W.  grain  merchant 
and  dealer  in  live  stuck.  Was  born  in  Ohio  in  1834. 
Came  in  childhood  with  parents  to  Carroll  county,  111., 
where  he  was  educated.  In  1857  he  married  Jane  Mc- 
Neill, in  Henry  county,  a  n.itive  of  Ireland,  and  settled 
in  Annawan,  engaging  in  mercantile  pursuits  ten  years  ; 
then  removed  to  Chillicothe  in  1S67,  and  embarked  in 
the  grain  and  live  stock  trade,  in  which  he  has  done  a 
heavy  business.  About  four  years  ago,  he  established 
the  same  business  in  Henry,  Marshall  county,  where 
he  also  handles  a  large  amount  of  grain  and  live  stock. 
His  first  marriage  resulted  in  three  children — William 
F.,  John  C,  and  Estelle  E.  On  December  2S,  1874, 
.Mr.  Carroll  united  in  matrimony  with  Miss  Olive  A., 
daughter  of  Dr.  A.  and  Mrs.  O.  A.  Wilmot,  of  Chilli- 
cothe. About  three  years  since,  they  removed  to 
Henry,  Marshall  county,  where  they  now  reside. 

CARROLL  JAXK  Mrs.  res.  Chillicothe,  is 
the  daughter  of  John  McNeill  and  Margurite  Martin, 
both  natives  of  Ireland,  is  a  twin  and  the  eldest  of 
three  children.  Was  bom  near  Belfast,  Ireland,  Nov. 
12,  1S40,  and  came  to  America  when  three  years  old. 
Settled  near  I'orlland,  Whiteside  county.  111  Her 
father  was  a  farmer,  but  is  now  a  local  minister  of  the 
M.  E.  Church,  in  northeastern  Kansas.  Mrs.  Carroll 
married,  in  1857,  Charles  W.  Carroll,  in  Henry  county, 
where  her  parents  resided  at  the  time,  and  lived  in 
Annawan,  in  that  county,  for  ten  years,  coming  to  Chil- 
licothe in  1S67.  Mr.  Carioll  was  born  in  Ohio  in  1S34, 
came  to  Illinois  when  four  years  of  age,  and  has  chiefly 
been  engaged  in  the  mercantile  and  grain  trade.  They 
had  four  children,  three  of  them  now  living  :  William 
F.,  born  August  20,  1S58;  John  C,  born  September  9. 
i860;  Kiiwena  M,iy  (deceased),  born  July  22,  1865; 
and  Estella  E.,  born  November  I,  1867.  Mrs.  Carroll 
owns  her  residence  and  several  lots,  and  has  been 
associated  for  many  years  with  the  Raptist  Church. 
Her  mother  died  thirty-three  years  ago, 

Ciirr  Mm.  A.  ros.  I'lillllcnilii-. 

Curroll  Just<pt>,  (littienniiii,  rt^ii.  Clillllcotlie. 

CLAPP  OKORGK  H.  f.irmcr,  Sec.  32,  I'.  O. 
Chillicothe.  Was  born  in  Watcrlown.  N.  Y.,  in  Janu- 
ary, 1833,  and  i>  the  son  of  Or.  Ela  Clapp,  now  a  resi- 
dent of  Evanston,  111.,  and  Lucy  Huntington,  who  died 
in  his  infancy.  Itoth  were  natives  of  New  York  State. 
During  his  early  years  his  parents  removed  from  his 
natal  town,  and  settled  for  a  time  in  I'ennsylvani.i, 
thence  removing  to  Worthinglon,  O.  His  father  came 
West  to  Farmington,  Fulton  county,  and  in  1853  to 
Rome,  I'coria  county.  The  subject  of  this  sketch  mar- 
ried, November  14,  i860,  Sarah  A.  Kelly,  a  native  of 
Pennsylvania,  who  died  November  10,  1 870,  leaving 
behind  her  one  son,  Charles  L,  Clapp,  who  was  fifteen 


years  of  age  May,  1879.  In  1873  he  married  Maria  E. 
Ilenthorn,  who  was  bom  in  Lacon,  Marshall  county, 
by  whom  he  has  had  one  child,  Stella,  bom  July  16, 
1876.  Moved  on  his  present  farm  in  the  Spring  of  1866, 
which  is  located  on  the  northwest  quarter  of  Sec.  32,  a 
finely  improved  farm,  worth  $50  an  acre,  upon  which 
he  has  himself  made  all  the  existing  improvements. 
Mr.  Clapp  was,  in  1S62,  enrolling  officer  for  tlie  State 
of  Illinois. 

COLWELL  WILLIAM,  mechanic  and  engi- 
neer, res.  Sec.  20,  Chillicothe.  Was  born  in  Ross 
county,  O.,  June  18,  1832.  and  is  the  eldest  of  twelve 
children.  Came  to  Chillicothe  in  August,  1837,  with 
his  parents,  Washington  and  Rebecca  Colwcll,  in  com- 
pany with  a  number  of  other  families,  and  his  parents 
shortly  afterwards  bought  a  farm  and  moved  a  mile  out 
of  town,  Mr.  Colwell  has  a  natural  aptitude  for  me- 
chanics, and  began  to  use  tools  very  early  in  life,  but 
never  served  apprenticeship  to  any  trade,  though  he 
erected  a  dwelling  for  his  father  while  yet  a  minor. 
After  working  as  a  carpenter  and  millwright  for  a  num- 
ber of  years,  he  devoted  himself  to  engineering,  and  at 
present  owns  a  traction  engine  of  his  own  invention, 
with  which  he  draws  a  thresher  about  the  country.  He 
has  also  invented  a  register  for  measuring  the  grain 
from  the  machine  now  in  use,  known  as  the  Excelsior 
register.  Is  now  engaged  in  running  a  steam  sheller 
and  a  thresher,  both  of  which  he  built  himself.  He 
married,  July  26,  1S57,  Hannah  .-Mberlson,  who  was 
born  in  Ohio,  In  January,  1S42,  by  whom  he  has  three 
children,  Frank,  Edward,  and  Willie,  who  live  at  home 
with  him.  Owns  a  homestead  dwelling  and  two  acres 
of  land  contiguous  to  the  town. 

Cotinor  V.  O.  iBtHtrer.  res,  rtillllcotlie. 
CriiU  Jjicob  .Mri.  rariiuT,  V.  O.  i'lillllcothi*. 

CKl  TClIilELD  TIIOM.VS  .1.  farmer  and 
railroad  man.  Sec.  5,  I'.  O.  Rome.  Was  born  in  Ix>uisa 
county,  Ya.,  April  20,  1831,  and  is  the  only  surviving 
member  of  his  family ;  was  brought  up  in  Augusta 
county, Va.;  is  the  son  of  Aaron  and  Joan  Crutchfield, 
and  his  father  was  a  farmer  ;  came  to  Stark  county,  HI., 
in  1864,  and  to  Rome  in  1S66;  has  been  division  fore- 
man of  the  Rurcau  Yalley  branch  of  the  C,  R.  1.  \  P. 
R.  R.  for  thirteen  years,  and  up  till  June  I,  1879.  He 
enlisted  in  Co.  C,  52d  Ya.  Regiment  Infantry,  July  K', 
l8(>l,  and  served  until  July  16,  1864,  when  he  left  the 
service  without  the  consent  of  his  otlicers,  and  was  held 
as  a  prisoner  for  thirty  days  after  giving  himself  up  at 
Wheeling,  W.Va.;  served  under  "  Stonewall  "  Jackson 
and  (jeneral  Early.  He  married  in  1851,  Martha  Hoyer, 
a  native  of  his  own  State,  who  died  in  185S,  leaving 
one  son  —  James  W.  In  1859  he  marrietl  Nancy  Lov- 
ing,  also  of  Yirginia.  He  is  a  member  of  the  1.  O.  O. 
F.  Lodge,  No.  196,  at  Chillicothe  ;  owns  fifty-four  acres 
of  fine  farm   land,  contiguous   to  the  village  of  Rome, 


CIIILLIUOTHE  DIRECTORY. 


727 


worth  $3,000,  and  had  twenty  acres  of  it  under  water- 
melons in  the  season  of  1879. 

CutrlRlit  F.  E.  Mrs.  res.  Chllllcothc 
Darbv  Wrn.  c.-irpenter,  rps.  CliIMirothe. 
D^vls.I.  r.  Rev.  minister,  res.  Cllllllcothe. 
Di'foe  Joseph,  farmer.  P.  <).  Koine. 
Defoe  .lullus,  f.irmer.  f.  O.  Koine. 
Dixon  Joel,  laborer,  res.  Chtllleothe. 
Doll  William,  barber,  res.  Cllllllcothe. 

DONATH  GOTTLOB,  farmer,  res.  Chilli- 
cothe.  Was  born  in  Germany,  August  21,  1S21,  and 
twenty  years  afterwards  came  to  America,  settling  in 
Ross  county,  Ohio,  where  he  remained  for  eight  years, 
and  removed  from  thence  to  his  present  farm  in  the 
Fall  of  1849.  He  married  in  1S46,  Mary  A.  Black,  a 
native  of  Ohio,  and  she  died  in  1857,  leaving  five  chil- 
dren, one  of  whom  has  since  died.  Those  surviving 
are,  Christina,  Catharine,  John  and  William.  Mr.  Do- 
nath  remarried  March  10,  1S7S,  Rose  Kauf,  who  was 
born  in  Germany.  lie  owns  eighty-eight  acres  of  finely 
improved  I.ind  in  Chillicothe,  worth  about  $5,500. 

Donaldson  Geo.  Mrs.  ea)>ltalist.  res.  Chillicothe. 
DonKhertv  J.  laborer,  res.  clilUirothe. 
Drake  Thomas,  blacksmith,  re.s.  Chillicothe. 
Dnnbar  Eliza  J.  farmer.  P.  (>.  Chillicothe. 
Ennls  John,  farmer,  r.  O.  Chillicothe. 
Entry  Ella,s,  hamessmaker.  res.  Chillicothe. 
Elitz  E.  hamessmaker,  res.  Chillicothe. 

FISHER  JOHN,  butcher,  res.  Chillicothe.  Was 
born  in  Sheffield,  England,  February  9,  1S33,  and  is 
the  son  of  John  Fisher  and  Esther  Pritchard.  He 
came  to  America  when  fifteen  years  old,  and  lived  for 
some  years  with  an  uncle  near  Springfield,  O.;  came  to 
Marshall  county,  HI.,  in  1856,  and  to  Chillicothe  in 
1862.  He  began  butchering  in  Ohio,  and  has  followed 
that  occupation  since,  except  while  in  Marshall  county, 
where  he  farmed  ;  married  in  August,  1857,  Miss  Agnes 
Ewing,  who  was  born  in  Cathcart,  Scotland,  in  1S35, 
by  whom  he  has  five  children  living  —  Mary,  Ellen,  Jo- 
seph, William  and  Fannie.  He  owns  his  residence  and 
shop,  and  two  lots  in  town. 

FISHEK  JOSEPH,  painter  and  sign  writer, 
res.  Chillicothe.  Was  born  in  Sheffield,  England,  Au- 
gust 26,  1837,  and  learned  his  trade  in  that  country;  is 
the  son  of  John  and  Esther  Fisher,  and  his  mother  is 
still  living  in  England  ;  married  in  the  Spring  of  1S60, 
at  Rotherham,  Yorkshire,  Emily  Howard,  who  was 
born  in  Sheffield  in  183S,  and  they  together  came  to 
America  in  1862,  locating  in  Chillicolhe,  Peoria 
county,  where  he  has  since  carried  on  his  trade ; 
have  had  four  children,  two  of  whom  are  now  living  — 
Esther,  born  in  Sheffield,  England,  in  the  Spring  of 
1861;  Helen,  born  in  Chillicothe  in  1S62  ;  Thos. 
H.,  born  in  1864,  who  died  at  six  years  of  age ; 
John  P..  born  in  1866,  who  died  at  five  years  of  age. 
Mr.  Fisher  owns  a  homestead  in  Chillicothe.  Mrs. 
Fisher  is  a  teacher  of  landscape  water  color  painting 
and  drawing,  and  took  a  prize  for  off-hand  drawing  at 
an  exhibition  of  the  School  of  Design  at  Sheffield  in 
1859. 


FlemmliiRS  Jarae.i,  section  boss  C,  R.  I.  &  P.  res.  Chillicothe. 

FUr-iLER  JOHN  "W.  grain  merchant,  res. 
Chillicothe.  Was  born  in  Switzerland  county,  Ind.,  in 
1840,  and  came  to  Peoria  county  in  1S52  ;  was  chiefly 
educated  by  his  grandfather,  the  Rev.  13.  F.  Fuller,  a 
Methodist  minister,  his  health  not  permitting  him  to 
attend  school.  He  was  for  some  years  connected  with 
the  firm  of  Moss,  Bradley  &  Co.,  of  Peoria,  at  first  as 
an  employ^,  and  later  as  a  partner  ;  came  to  Chillicothe 
and  began  the  business  of  buying  and  shipping  grain  in 
1865,  and  afterwards  married  the  daughter  of  Henry 
Truitt,  and  became  interested  with  him  in  the  grain, 
lumber  and  grocery  business.  In  1874  the  business 
was  divided,  since  when  Mr.  Fuller  has  confined  him- 
self to  dealing  in  grain,  his  wife  being  his  only  partner. 
They  handle  about  500,000  bushels  of  grain  a  year. 
Mrs.  Fuller  was  born  in  Switzerland  county,  Ind.,  in 
1851,  and  in  the  same  house  in  which  her  husband  was 
born. 

Fulhr  .'^:l^ah  P.  Mrs.  res.  Chillicothe. 

Gil'ii'Mis  (1,  M.  iiot;nv  public  anil  attorney  at  law,  res.  Chiliicothe. 

Gill  .l.'liii.  f^irnier,  1'.  <i.  Knnie. 

(iilli;ini  liobert.  fanner,  l".  o.  Chlllirnthe. 

Gilliam  K.  W.  tanner.  P.  O.  Chillicothe. 

GoddanI  I..  .M.  laborer,  res.  cliillicothe. 

Goodwin  Wrn.  f,irmer.  P.  <>.  Chillicothe. 

iiouUI  Mrs.  res.  Cliilli'nilie. 

Harm  E.  J.  catial  boatni.ui.  res.  Chillicothe. 

Hari'ipan  Thomas,  fitiinri-.  P.  O.  Chillicothe. 

Hayden  Thomas,  laborer,  res.  Chillicothe. 

Heaton  R.  blacksmith,  res.  Chillicothe. 

Hill  IJeiij.  Mrs.  res.  Chillicothe. 

HOL3IAN  H.\BVEY,  general  merchant 
and  banker,  res.  Chillicothe  ;  was  born  in  Cheshire 
county,  town  of  Winchester,  N.  H.,  September  10, 
1S06,  and  when  ten  years  old  removed  to  Warwick, 
Franklin  county,  Mass.  Ten  years  later  he  went  to 
Grafton,  Worcester  county,  where  he  remained  till 
1S35,  when  he  went  to  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  remaining  there 
till  1S46,  and  then  came  to  Chillicothe.  The  years  1849 
and  1850,  he  spent  in  California,  crossing  the  plains 
with  an  ox  team.  While  in  St.  Louis  he  was  for  six 
years  in  the  Collector's  office,  and  the  rest  of  the  time 
since  coming  West  he  has  been  in  mercantile  life. 
When  he  first  came  to  Chillicothe  he  entered  into 
partnership  with  James  H.  Temple  and  J.  H.  Batch- 
elder  in  the  general  mercantile  business,  which  part- 
nership lasted  from  1S46  till  1849,  when  he  went  to  the 
"  Golden  West."  On  his  return  he  formed  a  partner- 
ship witli  P.  T.  Matthews,  in  same  line  of  business, 
which  they  still  profitably  conduct.  In  1859,  he 
married  Sarah  A.  Stevens,  who  was  born  in  Pennsyl- 
vania, and  brought  up  in  Cincinnati,  O.  Mrs.  Holman 
has  one  child  by  a  previous  marriage.  He  engaged  in 
1868,  along  with  Henry  Truitt  and  P.  T.  Matthews  in 
the  banking  business.  Owns  an  interest  in  the  store 
and  business,  and  in  considerable  real  estate  outside, 
and  six  acres  in  different  lots,  besides  a  handsome 
residence  in  town.  Is  a  member  of  the  Baptist  Church 
and  Red  Ribbon  Club. 


728 


HISTORY  OF  PEORIA  COUKTY. 


HAMMETT  JOHN,  retired  (armcr.  res. 
Chillicuthe,  is  a  native  of  Warren  county.  Ky. ;  was 
born  June  14.  1803  ;  is  the  son  of  William  and  Anna 
(Oliphani)  Ilaminett.  His  education  was  confined  to  a 
limited  attendance  in  the  common  schools  of  his  nati%-e 
State,  where  he  was  reared  on  a  farm,  grew  to  manhood 
and  married  Elizabeth  Sumner  on  October  26.  1S27. 
She  was  born  in  Ohio  county,  Ky.,  December  12,  1S09. 
In  1830,  they  removed  to  Chillicothe  township,  and 
settled  on  Sec.  g,  in  the  then  wilderness  country,  they 
being  the  second  family  in  the  township.  Wild  Indians 
and  wild  animals  were  their  only  neighbors.  There  a 
rude  home  was  erected  and  a  farm  improved  upon 
which  they  spent  the  years  of  active  life,  and  had  ten 
children,  only  four  of  whom  are  now  living:  Zilpha  A. 
— Mrs.  Hates  (lately  deceased)  ;  Hannah  L. — Mrs. 
McLaughlin;  A.  W.  Hammett — Mrs.  Emily  Miller, 
and  Mrs.  Ellen  Ilosstelton.  Mr.  H.  has  filled  several 
local  offices  ;  and  he  and  wife  h.ive  for  many  years  been 
zealous,  consistent  members  of  the  M.  E.  Church. 
They  left  the  homestead,  consisting  of  270  acres,  which 
is  now  occupied  by  the  son,  and  came  to  Chillicothe  a 
number  of  years  ago,  though  they  still  own  it  and  sev- 
eral pieces  of  town  property.  This  venerable  couple 
are  only  known  to  be  respected  ;  and  although  they  ex- 
perienced many  privations  and  braved  the  hardships  of 
a  pioneer  life,  they  refer  to  those  years  as  among  the 
most  enjoyed  of  life. 

HAKTKXBOWKK  CIIKISTOI'HKK 
F.  farmer,  Sec.  18,  P.  O.  Chillicothe.  was  born  in 
Germany  in  1832  ;  came  to  America  with  his  parents, 
Christian  and  Cath.irine  llartenboucr,  and  settled  in 
Putnam  county.  III.,  where  he  grew  to  manhood  on  a 
farm,  although  his  father  was  by  trade  a  shoemaker. 
Married  January  I,  1872.  Madora  Gray,  who  was  born 
in  Pennsylvania,  and  they  afterwards  lived  one  year  in 
LaSalle  county,  and  then  came  to  Peoria  county.  They 
have  two  children,  Florence,  born  November,  1872,  and 
I.ucinda.  born  April,  1875.  He  farms  200  acres  in 
good  shape. 

IIO.S.STKI.TON  S.VMl'i:i..  farmer.  Sec.  9, 
P.  O.  Chillicothe,  was  born  in  Pickaway  county,  O., 
in  183S,  and  is  the  son  of  George  Ilosstelton  and  Re- 
becca Ijooley  ;  came  West  with  his  parents  to  Sparland, 
Marshall  county.  III.,  where  his  father  died  in  1874,  In 
August,  l86i,  he  enlisted  in  Co,  G,  47th  I.  V.  I., and 
upon  organization  of  the  company  was  elected  sergeant ; 
was  with  his  regiment  in  the  battles  of  Corinth.  Siege 
of  Vicksburg.  Jackson,  up  the  Red  River,  and  Pleasant 
Hill,  took  part  in  twenty-eight  engagements  altogether, 
and  was  filling  the  position  of  regimental  commissary 
sergeant  when  discharged,  October  16,  1864.  In  Jan- 
uary, i36i,  he  married  Ellen  Hamnictt,  who  was  born  on 
the  farm  where  they  now  rcsi<le.  May  q,  1844.  They 
settled  in  their  present  home  in  1864,  where  they  own 


eighty  acres  of  land  worth  about  ^o  per  acre  ;  have 
two  children,  John  Franklin,  aged  seventeen,  and 
Ulysses  S.,  aged  five  years.  Mr.  Hosstelton  is  captain 
of  the  Old  Soldiers'  Association  of  Chillicothe. 

HO  YT  GE0K(;E  a.  stock  dealer  and  butch- 
er,  res.  Chillicothe.  was  bom  in  Broome  county,  N.  V., 
August  16,  1825.  His  father,  Elijah  Hoyt.  was  from 
New  York  State,  and  his  mother,  Elizabeth  Scorille, 
was  a  native  of  Connecticut.  He  came  to  Illinois  in 
the  Fall  of  1S37.  and  for  eight  years  resided  in  Fulton 
county;  thence  to  Jones  county,  Iowa,  where  he  fanned 
for  four  years,  and  then  returning  to  Illinois,  settled  on 
his  farm  on  Sec.  30,  Chillicothe  township.  He  then 
began  his  present  business,  and,  coming  to  town,  kept 
a  grocery  and  butcher  shop  for  a  year  ;  then  went  to 
the  country  for  a  year,  and  at  its  end  returned  to  town, 
where  he  has  since  resided.  In  June,  184S.  he  married 
Amanda  Scoville,  who  was  bom  in  Indiana,  July  2, 
1S26,  her  parents  being  eastern  folks.  They  have  had 
five  children,  only  two  of  whom  are  now  living,  Linas 
S.  and  Sarah  E.,  the  former  aged  thirty  and  the  latter 
fifteen.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Hoyt  have  been  members  of  the 
M.  E.  Church  from  youth.  Heownsa  store,  two  dwell- 
ings, and  several  vacant  lots  in  town,  forty  acres  in  Sec. 
18,  and  160  acres  in  Ilarlon  county.  Mo. 

Ilowi"  r.  Mrs.  res.  ("hllllcolhc. 

IIURlies  It  ImrtiessiuaktT,  res.  Ctulllcollie. 

HUMPHREY  ELIAS  F.  real  estate,  loan 
and  insurance  agent,  res.  Chillicothe,  was  bom  in 
Switzerland  county,  Ind..  April  15,  1S27,  and  is  the 
oldest  son  and  second  child  in  a  family  of  five.  His 
parents  were  .\rihur  Humphrey  and  Catharine  Tripp  ; 
was  reared  on  a  farm  and  educated  at  Asbury  Univer- 
sity, Greencastic,  Ind.;  came  to  Peoria  county  in  1864. 
and  was  for  four  years  in  real  estate  business  there ; 
spent  the  years  1869-70  settling  his  father's  estate  in 
Indiana,  and  in  the  latter  year  returned  to  Peoria 
county  and  cime  to  Chillicothe.  He  married  in  the 
Fall  of  1843  Eliza  S.  Jack,  who  w.as  born  in  Septemlwr, 
1S28,  by  whom  he  has  had  six  children,  three  of  whom 
arc  alive.  Eiiwinl  S.,  .\lbcrt  ('■.  and  Harrington.  Has 
served  three  terms  as  supervisor,  and  several  years  as 
member  of  school  board ;  has  been  local  corres|K)ndent 
of  Ckilliioihe  ItuifftHdnil  since  February,  1879.  He 
owns  three  stores,  his  place  of  business,  two  residences 
and  several  lots  in  town,  besides  several  tracts  of  land 
in  the  Western  States. 

lliinler  it.  A.  dalortii  Vcoimt.  rr«.  rhIPIrntlie. 
Ilv<lr  11.  K.  KisKTryinaii.  rm.  Chllltroltic. 
liulrhltiMMi  .1.  fanner,  reA.  rlitlltrothe. 
.triiku  John,  rnal  miner.  I'.  0.  ('hllllcotho. 
Keiiner  J.  I-.  re'*,  ("hllllcodie. 
Keyner  HeUeeen  Mn  f»riner.  I"  o.  flilllleolhe. 
Keyser  Ni-wlon.  fanner,  I*,  tl.  i'lillMcothe. 

KIMitKE  .VXDUKW  .1.  larmer.  Sec.  30,  P. 
O.  Chillicothe.  was  born  in  Summitt  county.  O.,  Dec. 
16,  1840,  and  is  the  son  of  Harmon  Kimble  and  Sallie 
Johnson.     His  mother  dying  when   he  was  but  fifteen 


CIIILLICOTHE   DIUECTOUY. 


729 


months  old,  he  made  his  home  with  his  uncle,  who  set- 
tled near  Sparland,  Marshall  county,  111.,  in  1852.  He 
enlisted  August  14.  1862,  in  Co.  E,  S6lh  I.  V.  I.,  and 
participated  with  his  regiment  in  the  b.ittle  of  Stone 
River  and  other  minor  engagements;  was  discharged, 
owing  to  disability,  in  the  early  part  of  February,  1863. 
He  married  Julia  A.  Record,  October  13,  1S64,  who 
was  born  in  Rensselaer  county,  N.  Y.,  Dec.  6,  1S46,  and 
has  three  sons,  Charles  D.,  aged  thirteen  ;  William  D., 
aged  nine,  and  Lyman  B.,  aged  four  years.  He  came 
tohis  present  home  in  March,  1S74.  where  he  owns  200 
acres  of  finely  improved  farming  lands  in  Sees.  30  and 
31,  worth  $50  an  acre.  This  property  is  the  result  of 
his  own  hard  work  and  economy,  as  he  had  only  a  cap- 
ital of  $50  on  his  return  from  the  army,  and  never  had 
a  dollar's  assistance  from  any  one  ;  has  run  a  threshing 
machine  foreit^hteen  years. 

KIXLOCH  JAMES  M.  book-keeper,  res. 
Chillicoihe,  was  born  in  Aberdeenshire,  Scotland,  April 
27,  184s,  and  is  the  third  child  in  a  family  of  nine 
children.  His  parents  were  Alexander  J.  Kinloch  and 
Margaret  Hutcheon.  He  was  educated  in  Edinburgh  ; 
was  tliree  years  in  the  English  army,  1S59  '°  '^■i  '"- 
elusive,  and  was  at  sea  during  the  years  1862  and  '63; 
came  to  America  in  1868,  and  in  the  early  part  of  1874 
entered  the  employ  of  Fuller  &  Co.  as  book-keeper 
and  general  manager.  He  married  Elizabeth  Menzies, 
who  was  born  in  Scotland  in  1850  and  came  to  America 
when  a  child,  by  whom  he  has  five  children  :  Ephraim 
R.,  Caroline  C,  Ernest,  Bertram  Fuller,  and  Bernard 
J.  Kinloch  ;  is  a  member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.  and  the 
leader  of  the  St.  Cecilia  Quintette  Band  (brass).  He 
owns  a  homestead,  hoitse  and  two  lots  in  the  city. 

Krlte  H.  farmer.  P.  O.  Rome. 
Kruse  Klaa^,  bhicksinith,  res.  Cliilllcothe. 
Largeiit  Jolin.  capitalist,  res.  CliiUicothe. 
Largent  J.  H.  Mrs.  res.  Ctiilllcoche. 
Lawsoii  J.  gardener.  P.  O.  Rome. 
Lester  G.  P.  gror-er.  Ctillltcotlie. 
Lolistrom  C.  Mrs.  P.  O.  Rome. 
LoDstrom  Jobii.  engineer,  res.  Ctiittlcotlie. 

LORIXG  FKAXCES  E.  3Irs.  milliner,  res. 

Chillicoihe. 

Lloyd  M.  laborer,  res.  Chllllcothe. 

Martin  Steplien.  dealer  In  agricultural  Implements  and  hard- 
uare.  res.  Chltllrntlie 

Martin  Thoma.s.  dealer  In  agricultural  implements  and  bard- 
ware,  res.  Cbllllcoihe. 

MATHEWS  PHILIP  T.  merchant  and 
banker,  res.  Chillicoihe,  was  born  on  the  James  river, 
in  Essex  county,  Va.,  on  March  6,  1822;  is  the  second 
of  three  children  and  only  son  of  John  R.  and  Frances 
A.  (Temple)  Mathews.  In  1834  he  came  to  Chicago 
and  spent  a  year  in  school ;  thence  went  to  Richmond, 
Va.,  and  remained  two  years  ;  thence  to  Philadelphia, 
Penn.,  for  two  years,  when  he  came  to  Peoria  county 
and  was  employed  two  years  on  a  farm  ;  thence  to  St. 
Louis,  from  whence  he  returned  a  year  or  so  later,  and 
engaged  as  clerk  for  Benton,  Franklin  &  Co.,  and  after- 
wards for  Temple  &  Rogers,  in  Chillicoihe.  Spent  one 
52 


season  up  the  Missouri  river  with  brothers-in-law  Tem- 
ple and  George  Baker  ;  returned  to  Chillicoihe  in  1842 
and,  in  company  with  John  H.  Batclielder,  bought  the 
small  store  of  David  \V.  Heath  &  Co.,  but  soon  after 
sold  out  to  James  H.  Temple  &  Co.  and  bought  an  in- 
terest in  a  store  with  John  Moffitt,  under  the  firm  name 
of  Moffilt  &  Co.  After  several  changes  in  the  firm,  Mr. 
M.  sold  out  for  $7,000  in  cash,  five  hogsheads  of  su- 
gar and  a  warehouse  worth  some  $4,000.  In  the  Fall 
of  1S58  he  formed  a  partnership  with  Harvey  Holman, 
and  purchased  the  stock  of  general  merchandise  owned 
by  O.  W.  Young,  and  engaged  in  the  dry  goods  busi- 
ness, which  they  still  conduct.  Their  establishment, 
besides  containing  a  large  and  comprehensive  assort- 
ment of  diy  goods  and  notions,  has  a  boot  and  shoe 
department  and  a  large  and  well  selected  stock  of 
ready-made  clothing  and  gentlemen's  furnishings. 
Their  store,  especially  in  the  last  named  department, 
is  a  model  of  taste  and  convenience  seldom  met  with 
anywhere.  Mr.  M.  married  Minerva,  daughter  of  John 
Moffitt,  who  was  born  in  Peoria  county.  III.,  which 
union  has  resulted  in  four  children,  three  living :  I.ucy 
(Mrs.  Sidney  Wood),  Minnie  (Mrs.  \Vm.  M.  Mead), 
and  John  P.  at  home.  A  number  of  years  ago,  Messrs. 
Mathews  &  Holman  embarked  in  the  banking  business 
in  company  with  Mr.  H.  Truitt,  as  the  firm  of  Truitl, 
Mathews  &  Co.,  since  which  the  concern  has  done  an 
extensive  and  prosperous  business.  They  are  also  quite 
largely  interested  in  real  estate. 

McCULLEY  JOHN  W.  farmer.  Sec.  18,  P. 
O.  Chillicoihe,  was  born  in  Gallia  county,  O.,  near  Gal- 
liopolis,  September  12,  1835,  and  was  brought  up  in 
Ross,  till  1849,  when  he  came  west  with  his  mother  and 
settled  in  Chillicoihe  township,  not  a  mile  from  where 
he  now  resides.  His  father's  name  was  Rolla  McCul- 
ley,  and  his  mother's  name  Nancy  Devers.  His  father 
died  when  he  was  but  six  years  old.  During  the  six 
years  prior  to  1861  he  was  engaged  in  the  grocery 
business  in  Chillicoihe,  and  in  the  B'all  of  that  year 
went  to  California,  where  he  spent  two  Summers  in 
tobacco  culture,  and  planted  fifty  acres  in  the  Sonoma 
Valley,  Sonoma  county,  in  that  State.  Went  in  Spring 
of  1S64  to  Idaho,  and  worked  in  the  gold  mines  for  two 
years  and  clearing  $3,000  in  the  last  three  months,  he 
returned  to  his  old  home  in  Peoria  county  in  the 
Winter  of  1S65.  On  November  11,  1858,  he  married 
Emily  Thompson,  who  was  born  in  Jefferson  City,  Mo., 
April  2,  1S41,  bv  whom  he  h.as  had  two  children  — 
Rolla,  born  August  2g,  1859,  and  John  J.,  born  Febru- 
ary II,  1862.  Came  to  his  present  farm  November  11, 
1878,  where  he  has  160  acres  of  good  land. 

McDonald  Mat.  farmer,  res.  Chllllcothe. 
McKarland  J.  Janitor,  res.  Chllllcothe. 
McGri  w  Itennls  Mrs.  re.s.  Chillicoihe. 
McLaughlin  Lewis,  farmer.  P.  O.  Chllllcothe. 
McLaughlin  Saiul.  ]i.  farmer,  P.  U.  Chllllcothe. 

McLEAN  \VIL,LIAJ>I,  grocer,  res.  Chillicothe, 


780 


HltjTOUV   OF   I'EOIJIA   COINTV. 


is  a  native  of  Edinburgh,  Scotland,  born  June  17, 
18 16.  He  remained  in  the  old  country  till  twenty-six 
years  of  age,  and  learned  the  confectioner's  trade,  be- 
ginning at  the  age  of  eleven  years.  In  1S42  he  crossed 
the  Atlantic  and  located  in  St.  Louis,  where  he  was 
engaged  at  his  trade  twelve  years,  except  the  years 
1843  and  1849,  which  were  spent  in  Europe.  Having 
married  Miss  Margaret  Menzies,  who  was  born  in 
Glasgow,  Scotland,  in  May,  1817,  they  removed  to 
Chillicothe  in  August,  1855,  and  Mr.  McLean  embarked 
in  the  grocery  business.  They  have  but  one  child, 
Dorcas,  now  the  wife  of  George  P.  Lester,  a  partner  in 
the  firm  of  McLean  iV  Lester.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Lester 
have  three  children,  Anna,  William  and  Edward.  Mr. 
McLean  has  been  a  member  of  the  A.  F.  &  A.  ^L  since 
1843  ;  is  a  member  of  both  the  Chapter  and  Com- 
raandery.  He  has  served  his  town  efficiently  in  the 
County  Board  of  Supervisors  for  some  years  and  is 
now  filling  that  office.  Owns  a  fine  residence  property 
and  a  large  store,  in  which  the  firm  carry  one  of  the 
most  complete  and  extensive  stocks  of  groceries  in  the 
county.  Mr.  McLean  has  seven  limes  crossed  the 
Atlantic,  having  made  three  trips  to  Europe  since  he 
first  came  over. 
McMaiiamy  T.  S.  carpenter  and  builder,  Chllllcoctae. 

MliAO  WILLIAM  M.  druggist,  res.  Chilli- 
cothe, was  born  in  Chillicothe  township,  January  I, 
1849,  and  is  the  eldest  child  of  Hiram  M.  Mead  and 
Sarah  Fosdick,  who  had  a  family  of  two  boys  and  three 
girls.  His  father  is  a  resident  of  Kansas.  Mr. 
Mead  was  educated  in  the  State  Normal  School,  and 
afterwards  worked  for  four  years  in  the  grocery  store  ol 
Mr.  Truitt ;  subsequently  in  186S  began  the  drug  busi- 
ness with  T.  H.  Hurst,  representing  his  father's  joint 
interest  in  the  concern,  and  in  two  years  bought  out 
Mr.  Hurst's  interest,  and  in  1875  that  of  his  father,  be- 
coming sole  owner.  He  married  November  27,  1876, 
Miss  Minnie  Matthews,  daughter  of  V.  T.  Matthews, 
by  whom  he  has  one  child  —  Clifford  H.  —  born  Sep- 
tember 4,  1877.  Mrs.  Mead  was  born  in  Peoria  county, 
August  31,  1856.  Mr.  .Mead  is  school  treasurer,  and 
has  been  an  Alderman  of  the  town.  Has  a  fine  store 
and  one  of  the  finest  residences  in  town. 

Meililm  K.  Mrn.  rei.  Chllllriitho. 
Ultcholl  Kll.JowcU'r,  rei.  Chllllrollio. 

MITCilKLL  10.  A.  grocer,  res.  Chillicothe,  is 
the  son  of  Eli  Mitchell  and  Mary  Ashworth,  and  was 
born  in  the  year  1854,  in  I^eeds,  Yorkshire,  England. 
Came  with  his  parents  to  America  in  1858,  and  settled 
in  Peoria  county.  Came  to  Chillicothe  the  same  year, 
and  when  seventeen  years  cif  age  began  selling  gro- 
ceries;  began  business  on  his  own  account  in  1877, 
under  the  firm  name  of  Mitchell  &  Andrews,  and  has 
since  done  a  fine  and  growing  business.  His  parents 
are  both  living  in  town  ;  and  his  father  is  in  the  jewelry 


business.     Mr.   Mitchell  is  a  member  of  L  O.  O.  F., 
and  at  present  fills  the  position  of  Noble  Grand  in  the 
local  lodge. 
Muffin  Abner.  nshermsii.  res,  (.'btlllcuthe. 

MOFFITT  ELIZABKTH  ME.\1>  -Mrs.. 

M.  D.,  Chillicothe,  is  the  youngest  of  a  family  of  five 
children  of  .Mr.  and  Mrs.  Mead,  and  was  bom  on 
the  23d  of  June,  1816,  in  Chillicothe,  Ohio;  was  edu- 
cated at  Gallipolis  and  Wonhington,  that  State,  and 
by  her  stepfather,  David  \V.  bates,  a  graduate  of  Har- 
vard University.  Her  grandfather  was  the  first  hat 
manufacturer  in  Danbury,  Conn.,  and  had  his  estab- 
lishment burned  by  the  British  during  the  war  of  the 
revolution.  His  father  emigrated  from  England  in  his 
own  vessel,  bringing  the  bricks  for  the  fireplace  in  the 
bouse  he  erected  in  Orange  county,  N.  Y.  Mrs.  M.'s 
grandmother  helped  to  make  the  great  cheese  that  was 
presented  to  Thomas  JelTerson.  Mrs.  M.  came  to  Illi- 
nois with  her  mother  and  stepfather  locating  in  Mar- 
shall county,  in  1838.  She  taught  school  about  seven 
years,  and  finally  studied  medicine,  and  has  practiced 
in  the  homeopathic  system  for  about  seventeen  years. 
She  has  been  married  twice,  first  to  Mr.  Gibbons,  by 
whomshe  has  two  living  sons.  Her  second  husband  was 
Jeremiah  Moffitt,  also  a  native  of  Ross  county,  Ohio, 
whom  she  married  on  March  8,  1S46,  and  settled  in 
Chillicothe  township,  on  a  farm  a  mile  west  of  Chilli- 
cothe. Some  years  later  Mr.  M.  abandoned  farming 
and  engaged  in  the  mercantile  business  in  town,  where 
he  died  April  3,  1857.  Five  children  were  the  fruit  of 
their  union,  four  living  —  Maud,  Frank  B.,  Laura  C. 
and  Eugene.  Jeremiah  died  in  September,  187a 
Mr.  Molfiit  left  an  estate  of  350  acres,  and  a  nice 
property  in  the  city  of  Chillicothe. 
Mumtt  .lohii.  (ariiuT.  I",  n   <  hllllculii-. 

MOFFITT  WILLI.V.M,  farmer.  Sec.  l6,  I". 
O.  Chillicothe,  was  born  on  an  .idjoining  farm  on  Sec. 
17,  March  22,  1839,  and  is  the  son  of  John  Moffitt  and 
Margaret  Dawson.  His  father  was  the  son  of  John 
Molfill  and  Lydia  Cox,  and  was  born  in  koss  county, 
Ohio,  Nov.  5,  1802,  and  there  grew  to  manhood.  For 
fifteen  years  he  followed  flat  boating  down  the  Ohio, 
by  w,iy  of  the  Scioto,  and  thence  to  New  Orleans ; 
made  his  first  trip  in  18I9.  Along  with  eight  of  his 
brolhcrs  and  sisters  he  came  West,  and  settled  in  I'eo- 
ria  county  at  a  very  early  day;  one  of  his  brothers  set- 
tled in  Stark  county.  He  married  in  his  native  county 
August  8,  1824.  Margaret  Dawson,  who  was  born  April 
24,  1805,  by  whom  he  has  had  nine  children  —  Joshua, 
Alon/o,  Hugh.  Miner»a(Mrs.  I".  T.  Maihcws).  Matilda, 
lx>uisa  (.Mrs.  A.  A.  kankin),  William,  Mary  (Mrs.  Geo. 
M.  Dixon),  and  John.  The  old  gentleman  and  his 
wife  now  live  in  a  fine  home  on  the  spot  where  their 
first  log  cabin  was  erected  in  the  Fall  of  1834.  He  owns 
1,500  acres  in  a   body   in   Chillicothe   township.     Mr. 


CHILI. ico'i'HK  i)n!i::('i'()i<Y. 


731 


\Vm.  Moftitt  was  reared  on  his  father's  farm,  and  has 
thus  far  devoted  his  life  to  it.  He  enlisted  as  private  in 
Co.  I.  7th  Mo.  V.  I.  June  i8,  1861,  was  promoted  ser- 
geant in  July,  1863,  and  was  discharged  in  June  of  the 
next  year.  He  married  December  29,  1869,  Adda  I. 
Pond,  who  was  born  in  Belmont  county,  Ohio,  Novem- 
ber 24,  1849,  by  whom  he  has  one  son  —  Philip  A., 
born  December  12.  1S70.  He  farms  160  acres  of  land 
upon  which  he  settled  immediately  after  marriage. 
Mullen  Patrick,  farmer,  res.  Clillllcothe. 

MURPHY  DANIEL,  L.  harness  maker  and 
city  marshal,  Chillicothe,  was  born  in  Columbus,  Ohio 
May  17,  1845,  and  is  the  son  of  John  Murphy  and 
Sarah  Brown.  His  father  was  a  farmer  and  a  native 
of  Ohio,  and  is  still  living  at  Elmwood  in  this  county. 
His  mother  was  born  in  Pennsylvania.  When  very 
young  he  came  with  his  parents  to  Kosciusko  county, 
Ind.,  and  in  1854  removed  to  Berrien  county,  Mich. 
Came  to  Elmwood,  Peoria  county,  in  the  Fall  of  1S61 
to  learn  the  trade  of  harness  maker,  and  in  the  succeed- 
ing Fall  enlisted  in  Co.  I.  77th  I.  V.  I. ;  was  present  at 
the  siege  of  Vicksburg,  at  Arkansas  Post  and  up  the 
Red  river,  under  Gen.  Banks  ;  was  discharged  in  Au- 
gust, 1865  ;  served  as  harness  maker  for  the  13th  Army 
Corps  during  the  latter  part  of  his  term  of  service. 
Upon  discharge  he  returned  to  Elmwood  where  he 
completed  his  trade,  and  in  1867  set  up  in  business  in 
Brimfiekl,  removing  thence  to  Chillicothe  in  1870, 
where  he  has  since  resided.  Has  been  running  a  dray 
for  some  years.  He  married  Mary  J.  Aungst.  a  native 
of  Pennsylvania,  by  whom  he  has  three  children  — 
Minnie  Alice.'Gertrude  May,  and  Irvin  Louis.  Was 
elected  city  marshal  in  April.  1879;  is  a  member  of  the 
I.  O.  O.  F.,  and  owns  his  residence  and  two  lots  in 
town. 
Nash  Joseph,  laborer,  res.  Rome. 

NASH  KOSWELL,  31.  farmer.  Sec.  7,  I'-O. 
Rome,  was  born  in  Fairfield,  Corn.,  March  28,  1828, 
and  is  the  eldest  of  si.v  children  of  Henry  Nash  and 
Rebecca  Raymond.  Came  to  Springfield,  111.,  in  185 1, 
and  for  four  years  lived  near  .\braham  Lincoln's  house  ; 
settled  on  his  present  farm  in  1S55.  He  enlisted 
October  10,  1864,  in  Co.  D.,  nth  L  V.  I.,  and  was 
present  at  the  siege  of  Spanish  Fort  and  Fort  Blakely  ; 
was  slightly  wounded  by  a  spent  ball  on  the  neck  at 
the  former  action,  and  \^as  mustered  out  October  20, 
1865.  In  1854  he  married  Sarah  E.  Jennings,  who  was 
born  in  Connecticut,  October  20,  1829.  by  whom  he  has 
five  children :  Marvin  Melville,  Henry  Homer  and 
Morris  Raymond,  twins,  Lorena  Hill,  and  Nellie  Eliza- 
beth. Mr.  Nash  has  held  some  local  offices,  is  a  mem- 
b.r  of  the  order  of  Patrons  of  Husbandry,  and  owns 
114  acres  in  the  home  farm,  worth  about  $4,000 
Nelll  .Stewart,  trader  and  Ice  dealer,  re.i.  ClillUcoIlie. 


NICHOLSON  CHAKLES,  farmer  and  stone 
and  brick  mason,  Sec.  6,  P.O.  Rome,  was  born  in  Lan- 
cashire, England,  .and  is  the  son  of  Thomas  and  Helen 
Nicholson  ;  came  to  America  and  settled  in  Jackson- 
ville, 111.,  in  1S40,  where  he  remained  for  ten  years; 
thence  to  Sangamon  Bottoms,  Cass  Co.,  where  he  en- 
gaged in  farming,  and  seven  years  later  sold  out  and 
removed  to  Beardstown,  where  he  resided  for  six  years, 
and  carried  on  a  dry  goods  business.  In  1863  he  came 
to  Rome,  Peoria  Co.,  with  the  intention  of  establishing 
a  dry  goods  business  and  built  for  that  purpose,  but 
not  being  fully  satisfied  with  the  prospect,  ultimately 
abandoned  the  idea ;  married  in  England,  in  1829, 
Miss  Mary  Needham,  also  a  native  of  Lancashire,  by 
whom  he  has  had  seven  children,  five  of  whom  are  now 
living  ;  Ellen,  wife  of  Robert  Cole  ;  John,  editor  of 
Illinoisan,  Beardstown  ;  Thomas,  Samuel  and  Charles. 
Mr.  Nicholson  joined  the  M.  E.  Church,  in  Jackson- 
ville in  1846,  and  his  wife  is  also  a  member  of  the  same 
body.  He  is  superintendent  of  Sunday  school  in  Rome  ; 
owns  eighty-two  acres  fine  farming  land  in  home  farm, 
worth  $50  per  acre. 

Nicholson  T.  B.  farmer  and  Brocer,  res.  Rome. 
Null  Uriah,  naiater,  res.  Chillicothe. 
O.tlilora  Thomas,  carpenter,  res.  i:hlllicothe. 
I'arsons  L.  farmer.  P.  O.  Chillicothe. 
Perry  Peter,  farmer.  P.  O.  Rome. 

PETRY  ADAM,  miller,  res.  Chillicothe,  was 
born  in  Philadelphia,  Pennsylvania,  July  5,  1842,  and 
is  the  son  of  John  and  Elizabeth  Petry.  When  eight 
years  old  he  removed  with  his  parents  to  Holmes 
county,  Ohio,  where  they  still  live.  Is  the  second  child 
in  a  family  of  four  sons  and  two  daughters.  Engaged 
in  the  grain  trade  at  Millersburg,  Ohio,  for  a  number 
of  years,  thence  removed  to  Chicago,  and  for  one  year 
was  in  the  clothing  and  furnishing  business,  after  which 
he  located  in  Chillicothe  in  1868,  and  fitted  up  his  pres- 
ent mill.  He  married,  in  1863,  Miss  Lizzie  Foust,  by 
whom  he  has  one  son,  Victor  A.,  born  in  December, 
1867.  Is  a  member  of  Masonic  Blue  Lodge  and  Chap- 
ter, and  also  of  I.  O.  O,  F. 

PIPER  GEO.  31.  beekeeper,  res.  Chillicothe, 
was  born  in  Jefferson  City,  Missouri,  February  12,  1842. 
His  parents  were  Geo.  H.  Piper  and  Elizabeth  A. 
Thompson,  the  former  a  native  of  Virginia,  and  the 
latter  of  Indiana,  and  he  is  the  second  of  their  seven 
children.  His  parents  came  to  Peoria  in  1849,  and  his 
father  went  to  California.  Two  years  later  removed  to 
a  farm  in  Medina  township,  and  several  years  after- 
wards to  a  farm  one  mile  north  o(  Chillicothe,  where  he 
grew  up  to  manhood.  On  September  19,  1861,  he 
enlisted  in  Co.  A.,  17th  I.  V.  I.,  and  fought  in  the  bat- 
tles of  Fredericktown,  Missouri,  in  October  of  that  year, 
Fort  Donaldson  and  .Shiloh.  Was  discharged  from 
hospital  at  Keokuk,  Iowa,  owing  to  disability,  Decem- 
ber 18,  1862,  and  tor  a  year  attended  school  in  Omaha  ; 
kept  books  for  about  nine  years,  one  year  for  General 


732 


HI.STOHY   OF    I'KdUlA   COlNTY. 


Sheridan  ;  wu  in  the  milling  business  for  two  years  in 
Omaha,  and  was  burned  out  with  total  loss  in  1872. 
Settled  in  Chillicuthe  in  1873 ;  kept  books  for  two 
years  for  U.  S.  Express  Co.,  which  position  he  resigned 
in  Auguit,  1677,  and  has  since  been  enga|;ed  in  bee 
culture.  He  married  June  20,  1865,  in  Keokuk,  Iowa, 
Victoria  Louie  Grifhn,  who  was  boni  in  Indiana,  No- 
vember 15.  1S47,  and  was  brought  up  in  Illinois,  by 
whom  he  has  two  children  —  Adrienne  May,  aged  eight 
years,  and  Casimir  Lee,  aged  four.  He  owns  his  res- 
idence and  two  lots  in  town. 

Powell  E.  trapper,  rtrs.  Chlllicotbe. 

froclor  A.  C.  (iirmer,  rvs.  Kuuic. 

i'rall  Clarrlsa  .Mrs,  rt'sldtfiici-.  riillHcothe. 

PKOCTOK  ALFKKD  S.  Capt.  The  sub- 
ject  of  this  sketch  was  born  in  W.-ishington  county,  O., 
May  16,  1S20.  His  father  was  from  Massachusetts,  his 
mother  from  Rhode  Island.  His  father  was  one  of  the 
early  pioneers  of  Ohio,  one  of  what  was  known  as  the 
"Ohio  Company,"  that  crossed  the  Alleghany  Moun- 
tains and  opened  up  the  wilderness  of  Ohio  about  Ma- 
rietta and  the  Muskingum  River,  during  the  prevalence 
of  the  early  French  and  Indian  wars. 

Alfred  S.  remained  with  his  parents  upon  the  farm 
until  the  age  ol  fourteen,  when  he  received  a  terrible 
wound  in  the  forehead  from  the  kick  of  a  horse,  that 
fractured  his  skull  and  brought  him  near  to  death's 
door,  and  resulted  in  great  and  protracted  physical 
prostration.  His  father  soon  after  dying,  he  went  to 
reside  with  an  older  brother,  Jacob,  a  merchant  of  Law- 
rence county,  Ohio,  with  whom  he  continued  as  clerk 
and  partner  for  iwenly-one  years,  when  he  sold  out  his 
interest  and  came  to  Illinois,  in  1856,  engaging  in  agri- 
culture at  the  head  of  I'eoria  Lake,  near  the  town  of 
Chillicothe.  He  was  married  in  1846  to  Miss  V'ilaty 
Reckard,  by  whom  he  had  two  children,  one  only  living, 
Eva,  now  married  and  residing  in  Ohio.  His  wife  died 
in  1843,  and  in  1846  he  was  again  married  to  Miss 
Elizabeth  OillcK,  by  whom  he  has  three  children  — 
Newell,  Vcsla  and  Orl.i — all  living.  He  h.is  been  rea- 
sonably successful  in  business,  having  acquired  a  com- 
petency of  this  world's  goods. 

Mr.  I'roctor,  from  boyhood,  has  been  somewhat 
actively  engaged  in  the  Sabbath  school,  temperance  and 
other  benevolent  enterprises,  and  being  a  man  of  de- 
cided opinions,  and  outspoken,  he  has  often  arrayed 
men  bitterly  against  him,  because  of  duplicity  exposed 
or  nefarious  schemes  thwarted.  Residing  for  many 
years  on  the  banks  of  the  Ohio  river,  near  the  bound- 
ary between  Virginia  and  Kentucky,  he  had  an  opfKir- 
tuniiy  to  observe  the  workings  of  slavery,  and  early 
formed  and  expressed  anti-slavery  senlinienis  that  made 
him  an  objcC  of  dislike  to  slaveholders  across  the 
border  and  their  sympalhitcrs  and  instruments  on  this 
tide,  and  at  one  time  he  came  near  losing  his  life  at  the 
bandi  of  B   pro-slavery  mob,  after  having  addressed  a 


meeting  on  the  subject  of  slavery  and  the  return  of 
fugitives  to  bondage.  When  the  war  of  the  rebellion 
began,  he  enlisted  as  a  private,  Aug.  13,  1862,  in  Com- 
pany C,  86th  Illinois  Volunteer  Infantry.  He  was 
mustered  in  Aug.  27  as  a  sergeant,  and  as  first  sergeant 
in  December  following.  He  wa>  with  his  regiment  m 
its  campaigns  in  Kentucky,  Tennessee  and  Georgia, 
and  participated  in  the  battles  of  I'crryville,  Chicka- 
mauga.  Mission  Ridge,  Rcsaca,  I'each  Tree  Creek  and 
Atlanta.  He  was  wounded  at  Perryville,  and  again  at 
Resaca,  being  thereby  subjected  to  some  three  months' 
experience  in  hospital  life. 

While  the  army  was  before  Atlanta,  he  received  no- 
tice through  the  Adjutant-General  of  the  Army,  of  his 
appointment  by  the  President  as  a  lieutenant  in  the 
57th  United  States  Colored  Infantry,  in  the  7th 
.\rmy  Corps,  stationed  in  Arkansas,  to  take  effect  from 
and  after  June  20.  1864.  He  was  mustered  as  first 
lieutenant,  Aug.  29,  1864,  and  assigned  to  the  command 
of  Company  A.  Soon  after  joining  his  regiment,  he 
was  detached  to  staff  duty  at  headquarters  first  brigade, 
second  division,  7lh  Army  Corps,  as  .\cting  Assistant 
.\djutant-General,  and  while  on  duty  there  was  pro- 
moted to  captain  and  mustered  as  such  Jan.  6.  1865. 
He  continued  to  serve  on  staff  and  with  his  regiment  un- 
til May  22,  1S66,  when  he  was  honorably  discharged 
from  the  ser\-ice. 

Mr.  Proctor  was  for  some  years  engaged  in  mercan- 
tile business  in  Peoria,  but  last  year  purchased  the  large 
farm  known  as  the  Boken  Farm,  at  Rome,  and  removed 
to  it  in  the  Fall  of  1871). 

K.VMKV  -VLFHKU  11.  grocer,  Chillicothe, 
was  born  in  Peoria,  January  6,  1S46,  is  the  third  in  a 
family  of  seven  children  of  Alfred  H.  Ramey  and 
Mclona  Raihbone,  natives  of  Pennsylvania.  When 
about  six  months  old,  they  removed  to  Hallock  town- 
ship, where  he  was  brought  up  on  a  farm,  and  in  the 
Spring  of  1S64  he  entered  government  employ,  freight- 
ing to  the  government  posts  on  the  frontier.  He  hel|>cd 
to  erect  Forts  Phil  Kearney  and  Smith,  and  on  Octo- 
ber 30,  18O5,  he  volunteered  to  go  out  with  the  soldiers 
to  fight  the  Sioux  and  Cheyenne  Indians,  and  was 
wounded  five  times  at  Pine  river.  One  of  his  wounds 
cost  him  his  right  leg  at  the  hip,  and  he  arrived  home 
July  23rd  of  the  following  year,  being  just  able  to  ride 
on  a  couch.  .-Vfter  regaining  something  of  his  strength, 
he  took  a  course  at  the  Commercial  College,  in  Peoria, 
and  with  a  capital  of  $4,  he  started  in  business  in 
that  city  with  a  little  fruit  and  nut  stand,  on  the 
corner  of  Main  and  Washington  streets.  In  three 
inonihs  he  netted  $300,  and  coming  to  Chillicothe, 
entered  the  grocery  and  fruit  business,  which  he  hai 
since  profitably  continued.  He  married  in  1869,  Alice 
Brower,  who  died  eighteen  months  later,  leaving  be- 
hind her  one  child,  Mary  V.  Kamey.    In  Octol>er,  1673, 


CHILLICOTHE   nTRKCTORT. 


733 


he  married  Emma  Seeley,  a  native  of  Peoria  county, 
by  whom  he  has  had  three  children,  two  of  whom. 
Myrtle  and  Eugene,  are  now  living.  He  owns  his 
store,  house  and  lot  in  town,  and  has  been  able,  besides 
making  his  own  way  in  life,  to  afford  material  assistance 
to  many  of  his  friends. 

Ratlltr.Inhn.  f.irmer.  P.  O.  ChllMcothe. 
Regan  Clias.  lilacksmlth.  residence  Chillicothe. 
Revnolris  L.  Mrs.  residence,  Clilllicothe. 
RIclier  Win.  Mrs.  residence  Cliililcothe. 
Rldmonr  G  E.  farmer,  residence  Chillicothe. 
KidRway  Ezra,  farmer.  P.  O.  Chillicotiie. 
Rose  H.  S.  farmer.  P.  O.  Rome. 
Rotanza  Wm.  saloon,  residence  Chillicothe. 
Scholes  M.  Mrs.  residence  Chillicothe. 

SCHEEIiER  A»IOX,  farmer,  Sec.  17,  P.  O. 
Chillicothe,  was  born  in  Germany,  April  24,  1832,  and 
was  there  raised  on  a  farm,  coming  to  America  in  1S52. 
He  remained  in  New  York  State  for  over  two  years, 
farming,  and  in  the  Fall  of  1S55,  came  to  Peoria 
county,  and  settled  on  his  present  farm  w?th  a  total 
capital  of  S65.  and  for  the  next  two  years,  worked 
out  by  the  month.  After  several  removals,  one  of 
which  was  to  Kansas  for  one  season,  he  finally  settled 
down  on  his  farm  in  1875.  He  farms  320  acres 
of  land,  and  owns  160  acres  in  home  farm,  worth 
about  $10,000;  makes  a  .specialty  of  breeding 
horses — the  Norman  crossed  with  thoroughbreds — and 
also  breeds  Short-horn  cattle,  and  Poland  and  China 
hogs.  In  1856  he  married  Sarah  Dixon,  a  native  of 
Ohio,  by  whom  he  has  had  four  children,  viz.  ;  Rose 
Matilda,  Frances  M.,now  Mrs.  Kellenback  ;  Arthur  J., 
and  Carrie  Scheeler. 
Seymour  H.  laborer,  res.  Chillicothe. 

SHEPARD  FRANCIS  E.  farmer.  Sec.  8, 
P.  O.  Chillicothe.  Was  born  in  Courtland  county,  N. 
v.,  in  1820,  and  is  the  son  of  Nathaniel  Shepard  and 
Polly  Billings.  His  father  was  a  native  of  New  Hamp- 
shire and  his  mother  of  Vermont.  Being  the  son  of  a 
farmer  he  was  brought  up  on  a  farm  in  his  native 
county,  removing  from  there  in  1S46  to  Kalamazoo 
county,  Mich.,  where  he  remained  for  fourteen  years ; 
came  to  Chillicothe  in  the  Spring  of  i860,  and  to  his 
present  farm  a  year  later ;  was  married  December  24, 
1S44,  to  Hannah  Smith,  a  native  of  Broome  county,  N. 
v.,  who  has  presented  him  with  four  children  —  Mary 
E.,  Mrs.  Carver,  Ellen,  Mrs.  Snowden,  Neil,  Earnest 
F.  and  .\da  Shepard.  Mi-.  Shepard  owns  280  acres  in 
the  home  farm,  worth  about  $6,000,  and  has  been  for 
several  terms  township  assessor  and  commissioner  of 
highways. 

Shane  Wm.  road  commissioner,  res.  Chillicothe. 

Sleiin  Marv  ,\nn.  res,  Chillicothe. 

Storey  Clafrisa  Mrs.  res.  rhillicothe. 

.storev  ,1.  tailor,  res.  Chillicothe. 

Storey  Wm.  depnty  sheriff,  res.  Chillicothe. 

STOWELL,  S0L03I0N,  retired  lumber  mer- 
chant, res.  Chillicothe.  Was  born  in  Bainbridge,  Che- 
nango county,  N.  Y.,  July  27,  l8ig,  and  is  the  seventh 
in  a  family  of  twelve  children,  of  Arad  Stowell  and 


Marcy  Warner,  daughter  of  Col.  Warner,  of  Revolu- 
tionary fame.  His  father  was  born  in  Vermont  and 
his  mother  in  New  Haven,  Conn.  He  was  brought  up 
on  a  farm,  and  was  educated  at  Oxford,  Mannington 
and  Newtonville  academies ;  taught  school  during 
Winter  months  for  many  years,  and  for  three  years 
continuously,  at  Annapolis,  Md.;  sailed  from  Buffalo 
in  October,  1849,  on  the  "  A.  D.  Patchin,"  with  1,000 
passengers,  and  arrived  at  Chicago  after  a  passage  of 
nine  days  ;  came  directly  to  Chillicothe,  and  made  his 
home  with  Lyman  Robinson.  In  March,  1855,  he  mar- 
ried Ostana  Pratt,  who  was  born  in  Broome  county,  N. 
v.,  February  27,  1S22  ;  settled  on  a  farm  in  La  Prairie 
township,  Marshall  county,  for  eight  years,  and  exe- 
cuted many  improvements,  and  in  1863  removed  to 
Chillicothe.  Went  into  the  lumber  trade,  and  acted 
as  salesman  for  Jack  &  McFadden  for  three  years,  at 
the  expiration  of  which  time  he  bought  a  yard,  and 
conducted  it  on  his  own  account  for  several  years,  when 
he  retired  from  business.  Has  been  township  clerk 
and  school  treasurer  for  a  number  of  years  ;  owns  his 
dwelling  and  a  number  of  lots  in  town.  Both  himself 
and  wife  are  members  of  the  Reformed  Episcopal 
Church. 

STUBER  ADAM  Capt.  farmer,  Chillicothe. 
Was  born  in  Bavaria,  Europe,  June  15,  1S24  ;  came  to 
the  United  States  in  1839,  and  settled  in  Holmes  coun- 
ty, Ohio,  where  he  remained  until  he  enlisted  to  parti- 
cipate in  the  war  with  Mexico,  in  1846  ;  went  through 
with  Gen.  Scott's  command  to  the  end  of  the  conflict ; 
came  to  Illinois  and  settled  in  Chillicothe  in  1849 ; 
married  Elizabeth  Sherlotte,  a  native  of  Peoria  county, 
in  April,  1S52.  She  died  two  years  after,  leaving  one 
child,  Emma  —  Mrs.  Groom.  In  1856  Mr.  Stuber 
married  Louisa  Groom,  born  in  Virginia  in  1834.  Their 
union  has  resulted  in  eight  children,  only  two  of  whom 
are  living,  Philip  and  Albert  D.  Mr.  S.  recruited  Co. 
M,  of  the  nth  Illinois  Cavalry,  in  Chillicothe,  in  the 
Fall  of  1861,  and  went  out  as  its  captain,  which  position 
he  held  until  mustered  out  of  service  in  the  Fall  of 
1S63.  He  has  served  a  number  of  years  in  the  Board 
of  Aldermen  of  Chillicothe,  and  is  now  a  member  of 
that  body.  Is  also  a  prominent  member  of  the  Tem- 
perance Reform  Club,  and  a  very  effective  and  zealous 
worker  in  that  commendable  cause.  In  1864  or  1865 
he,  in  connection  with  Mr.  George  Gibbons,  laid  out 
an  addition  to  the  city  of  Chillicothe.  Owns  a  igo 
acre  farm  in  the  township,  and  several  city  lots,  also  a 
farm  in  Cowley  county,  Kansas. 
TAYLOR  ORRIN,  farmer,  P.  O.  Chillicothe. 

TH031AS  ALEXANDER  C.  grocer,  res. 
Chillicothe.  Was  born  in  Champaign  county,  Ohio, 
May  30,  1S32,  and  came  with  his  parents  to  Peoria 
county  in  1836,  removing  thence  to  Woodford  county, 
111.,  four  years   later,  where  his   parents    both  died  in 


734 


niSTOKY   OF   PEORIA   COUNTY 


1S44.  In  the  same  jrear  he  came  to  Chillicothe,  and 
sold  goods  as  clerk,  and  bought  grain,  etc..  till  1861. 
when  he  embarked  in  the  grocery  business,  succeeding 
J.  W.  McCollough,  and  carrj'ing  it  on  till  1S66,  when 
he  sold  it  back  to  Mr.  McCollough.  In  1867-68  he 
erected  a  planing  mill,  and  ran  it  for  six  months,  when 
he  sold  out  the  machinery  and  afterwards  converted 
the  building  into  a  flouring  mill,  selling  it  in  1871  to 
Adam  Petry,  the  present  owner.  He  re-embarked  in 
the  grocery  business  in  1873.  and  has  since  profitably 
carried  it  on.  He  married  Annie  E.  Aspinall. 
who  was  born  in  England,  August  29.  1839,  ^y  whom 
he  has  had  five  children  — Charles  A.,  Ellen  J.,  Ed- 
ward L.,  Mary  E.  and  Annie  M.  Thomas.  Mr. 
Thomas  is  a  member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  K.,  and  the  oldest 
member  save  one  in  Calumet  Lodge,  No.  196;  has 
filled  several  township  offices,  among  them  those  of 
supervisor,  assessor,  collector  and  town  clerk  ;  owns  a 
dwelling  and  several  other  pieces  of  property  in  town. 
Tbomu  Malluda.  nu.  Chllllcoihe. 

THOMAS  JOSEPH  F.  physician,  res.  Chil- 
licothe, was  born  in  Urbana,  Champaign  county,  O., 
July  14,  1826,  and  his  parents  removed  to  Hallock 
township,  Peoria  county,  in  the  Fall  of  that  year. 
There  were  then  some  eight  families  settled  on  the 
borders  of  La  .Salle  Prairie  to  the  south,  and  between 
them  and  Fort  Clark  (now  Peoria);  but  on  the  north 
there  were  none  nearer  than  the  settlement  of 
Galena,  one  hundred  and  forty-lwo  miles  away.  His 
father  bought  and  settled  on  the  north  half  of  section 
a6.  Dr.  Thomas  was  educated  at  the  High  School  of 
Princeton,  and  an  Academy  in  Greene  county.  III.;  read 
medicine  with  Drs.  Chamberlain  and  I'addock,  of 
Princeton,  and  graduated  from  the  medical  department 
of  .Missouri  University,  .St.  Louis,  March  i,  1852; 
practiced  till  1854  with  Dr.  Chamberlain,  at  Princeton, 
and  then  removed  to  Northampton,  Peoria  county, 
where  he  practiced  till  1862.  Upon  August  27lh,  of 
that  year,  he  entered  the  service  of  the  United  States 
as  captain  of  Company  C,  86th  I.  V.  I.;  was  promoted 
major,  March  25,  1864  ;  served  as  assistant  surgeon  of 
hospital  No.  25,  at  Nashville,  Tenn.,  during  the  Win- 
ter  of  1862-3;  was  wounded  by  a  musket  ball  in  the 
thigh,  October  5,  1864,  near  Florence,  Ala.,  and  still 
carries  the  ball  in  his  body ;  was  disabled  by  the 
wound  for  ten  weeks,  lie  was  mustered  out  of  serv-ice 
at  Washington,  I).  C,  June  6lh,  1865.  He  married  at 
Joliet,  111.,  April  12.  1852,  Miss  Kmeline  Walker,  who 
was  born  in  Ashtabula  county,  Ohio,  July  5,  1830.  and 
seven  children  have  resulted  from  their  union,  four 
daughters  and  three  sons — three  daughters  and  two 
sons  living:  Ine/.,  now  Mrs.  Holloway,  residing  at 
Winfield,  Kas.;  Dr.  O.  11.  Thomas,  residing  in  Chilli, 
cothe,  and  partner  of  his  father  ;  Walic,  Trclla,  and 
Lewis  11.     Since  hit  return  from  the  army,  the  doctor 


has  practiced  in  Chillicothe ;  has  been  president  of 
Mars'iall  County  Medical  Society,  and  one  of  the 
Board  of  Censors  of  Peoria  City  Medical  Association  ; 
also,  a  member  of  the  State  Medical  .\ssociation.  He 
was  one  of  the  organizers  of  Chillicothe  Red  Ribbon 
Club. 

TOMLINSON  .JOSHUA  O.,  M.  D.  res. 
Chillicothe,  was  born  in  Lexington,  Ky.,  on  the  lOlh 
day  of  April,  1807.  His  parents.  Ambrosia  and  .Mary 
Tomlinson  m«  Dykes,  were  natives  of  Virginia,  where 
they  died  at  a  ripe  old  age.  His  grandsire,  William 
Tomlinson,  settled  in  that  State  in  17S0,  and  was  one 
of  the  pioneers.  Young  Tomlinson  read  medicine 
with  Drs.  Watson  and  Sneed,  Frankfort,  Ky.;  attended 
lectures  in  the  medical  department  of  Transylvania 
University,  Lexington,  and  was  awarded  the  degree  of 
M.  D.  from  that  institution  in  1836.  He  practiced 
several  years  in  Frankfort ;  from  thence  came  to  Chilli- 
cothe in  November,  1S40,  where  he  has  been  an  active 
member  of  the  profession  for  nearly  forty  years.  He 
renounced  the  allopathic  system  in  1858.  and  has  since 
been  a  staunch  advocate  and  practitioner  of  the  homeo- 
pathic school.  In  the  Fall  of  1836,  he  married  Clar- 
inda  H.  Craig,  born  in  Zanesville,  O.,  by  whom  he  had 
four  children;  only  one  now  living — Anna,  thirty- 
three  years  old.  Mrs.  Tomlin.son  died  December  29, 
1853.  The  doctor  has  ever  been  prominently  identi- 
fied with  the  moral  and  educational  interests  of  society; 
for  many  years  a  member  of  the  local  School  Board, 
and  is  police  justice  of  Chillicothe. 

THOMPSON  XEWTOX,  manufacturer  of 
linw;irc  and  stove  merchant,  res.  Chillicothe,  was  born 
in  St.  Thomas,  Canada.  October  s,  1844,  and  came 
with  his  parents  to  United  States,  in  1S52,  settling  in 
Peoria;  came  to  Chillicothe  in  i860,  and  in  the  follow- 
ing year  began  the  tinners'  trade,  which  he  continued 
for  over  live  years,  and  then  worked  for  a  year  in 
Peoria;  thence  to  Peru,  III.,  where  he  worked  for  five 
years,  and  returning  to  Chillicothe,  in  March,  1S75, 
entered  into  business  on  his  own  account  in  the  next 
March.  He  married  Henrietta  Hell,  .\ugust31,  1874, 
who  is  of  English  parentage,  and  was  born  October 
4,  iSj2.  They  have  two  children:  Mabel,  born  June 
3,  1875,  and  Claude,  born  Feb.  27,  1877  i  owns  his 
dwelling  and  five  lots  in  town. 
Turner  M.  Mra.  rt«.  (^tillllcoth^ 

TKl'ITT  HENKY,  banker,  res.  Chillicothe. 
was  born  111  Switzeiland  county,  Indiana,  Jan.  I,  1S19, 
Is  the  oldest  of  four  children  of  William  and  Eliubcth 
Truitt  net  Remlcy.  He  enjoyed  a  limited  attendance 
at  the  district  school,  in  a  log  school  house,  until  thir- 
teen years  of  age,  when,  having  lost  his  father  five  years 
before,  he  started  out  to  provide  his  own  living.  Hired 
the  next  year  to  T.  .S.jKradlry,  then  engaged  in  buying 
and  shipping  produce    on    the   Ohio   and    Mississippi 


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CHILLICOTHE. 


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Henry  Truitt. 

C  H  I  L  L I  C  0  T  H  E:  . 


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Harvey  Holm  an 

CHI  LLICOTH  E:. 


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John  Moffitt. 

CHILLICOTHE 


J.    0  .  TOMLINSON    M.  D 
CH  iLLi  c  othe: 


CniLLICOTHE   DIRECTORT. 


735 


rivers,  and  continued  in  that  trade  eighteen  years.  At 
the  age  of  thirty-two  he  came  West,  and  settled  in  Chil- 
licothe,  and  embarked  in  the  grain,  lumber  and  pro- 
duce business,  under  the  firm  name  of  Truitt  &  Jack. 
Their  trade  soon  became  heavy,  running  many  thous- 
and dollars  a  year.  In  iS68,  Mr.  T.,  in  company  with 
S.  C.  Jack,  P.  T.  Mathews  and  Harvey  Holman,  estab- 
lished a  bank  in  Chillicothe,  in  which  business  he  is 
still  engaged  as  cashier  and  manager,  and  has  been  very 
successful.  Some  years  ago  Mr.  Jack  retired  from  the 
firm,  leaving  the  other  three  partners  in  control.  In 
March,  1843,  Mr.  T.  married  Miss  Frances  Godard,  a 
native  of  Indiana,  who  died  in  1S63,  leaving  two  chil- 
dren, Sarah,  now  Mrs.  J.  W.  Fuller,  and  Frances  E., 
now  Mrs.  N.  S.  Cutright.  Mr.  Truitt  married  Eliza 
Moffit  Jan.  I,  1865,  who  was  born  in  Ross  county,  Ohio. 
Their  union  has  resulted  in  one  child,  Rollin  H.  Truitt. 
Mr.  T.  has  over  5oo  acres  of  land  in  Peoria,  besides  a 
large  quantity  in  other  counties.  He  has  been  many 
years  a  member  of  the  Baptist  Church,  and  a  prominent 
temperance  worker. 

Unfirer  John,  laborer,  res.  Chillicothe. 
WatsoD  Thos.  laborer,  res.  Chillicothe, 

WEBER  ANDREW,  furniture  manufacturer 
and  dealer,  residence  Chillicothe,  was  born  in  Germany, 
November  15,  1827,  and  came  to  America  with  his 
parents  when  nine  years  of  age  ;  settled  in  Baltimore 
for  one  year,  and  then  removed  to  Cincinnati.  His 
father,  Jacob  Weber,  having  come  to  Woodford  county, 
Illinois,  and  bought  a  farm,  returned  to  Cincinnati  for 
his  family,  and  embarked  with  them  on  board  steamer 
"  Moszel  "  May  5,  1S39.  When  about  half  a  mile  above 
Cincinnati,  the  four  boilers  of  the  steamer  exploded, 
and  she  went  down  in  ten  minutes,  and  by  this  sad 
accident  Mr.  Weber  lost  his  father,  two  sisters  and  a 
brother,  and  another  of  the  family  was  severely  wounded. 
They  lost  every  thing,  and  when,  three  months  later, 
his  mother,  with  the  remnant  of  the  family,  came  on  to 
Woodford  county,  they  had  just  money  enough  to  buy 
a  cow.  Up  to  the  age  of  fourteen  he  shared  his  mother's 
log  cabin,  and  endured  all  the  privations  of  poor  and 
early  settlers  ;  used  to  carry  eggs  to  Peoria,  and  sell 
them  for  three  cents  a  dozen,  and  carry  com  a  peck  at  a 
time,  three  miles  to  mill  on  foot.  When  fourteen  he 
went  to  learn  his  trade,  and  after  four  years  steady 
application,  went  to  St.  Louis,  where  he  worked  for  a 
year,  then  to  Iowa  for  about  another  year  ;  returning 
to  Peoria,  remained  there  for  two  years,  and  in  the  Fall 
of  1852  came  to  Chillicothe  and  established  the  business 
which  he  still  conducts.  In  the  Fall  of  1S61  he  enlisted 
in  Co.  M.,  nth  I.  V.  C,  Captain  Adam  Stuber  com- 
manding, and  after  serving  two  years,  was  discharged 
for  disability,  in  the  Fall  of  1863.  He  married,  No- 
vember 22,1 849,  Gertrude  Wietz,  a  native  of  Germany ; 
has  five  children  living  —  Eva,  Elizabeth,  Peter,  Ger- 


trude, John  (deceased),  and  Mary ;  whole  family  are 
members  of  the  Catholic  Church.  Mr.  Weber  owns  his 
store,  residence,  and  two  lots. 

WESCOTT  CHARLES  C.  cashier  Truitt, 
Mathews  &  Co.,  bankers,  res.  Chillicothe,  was  bom  in 
Washington,  D.  C,  June  2g,  1849,  ^"'i  afterwards  came 
to  Henry,  Marshall  county,  Illinois,  where  his  father, 
James  Wescott,  is  now  Clerk  of  Circuit  Court.  His 
mother  died  in  1858.  Five  years  of  his  life  were  spent 
on  a  farm,  and  the  rest  in  the  towns  of  Henry,  Laion, 
Sparland  and  Chillicothe,  selling  goods  and  keeping 
books.  Came  to  the  latter  place  Oct.  I,  1875,  and  has  been 
in  his  present  responsible  position  ever  since.  On  De- 
cember 22,  1S70,  he  married  Mary  A.  Kidd,  who  was 
born  in  Wisconsin  in  August,  1850,  and  who  has  pre- 
sented him  with  four  children  —  Edith,  Eddie,  Lyman 
and  Willie.  Mr.  Wescott  has  during  the  last  three 
years  given  part  of  his  leisure  time  to  numismatics,  and 
has  already  a  fine  collection  of  over  700  pieces,  among 
them  several  French  coins  of  rare  date  and  great  age, 
besides  numerous  rare  specimens  of  U.  S.  coins,  worth 
several  hundred  dollars. 

Weiler  B.  laborer,  res.  Chillicothe. 
Wiliard  E.  Mrs.  res.  Chillicothe. 

WILMOT  ASAHEL,  M.  D.,  Chillicothe,  is 
the  third  son  of  Jesse  and  Hannah  Wilmot  nee  Bun- 
nell, and  was  born  in  Broome  county.  New  York,  on 
March  24,  1804.  His  parents  were  both  natives  of 
Cheshire,  Conn.,  where  his  father  was  born  in  1770, 
mother  in  1776,  but  removed  to  Broome  Co.,  N.  Y.,  in 
youth,  and  were  married  there  in  1796.  After  the  birth 
of  their  two  eldest  children,  they  returned  to  Connecti- 
cut, to  care  for  their  parents,  the  other  brother,  Amos, 
being  absent  for  several  years,  where  they  remained 
two  or  three  years,  and  then  returned  to  their  former 
home  in  Broome  Co.  Doctor's  childhood  and  youth 
were  spent  on  the  farm  and  at  school,  his  educational 
course  having  been  completed  in  Binghamton  high 
school.  When  past  twenty-two  years  of  age  he  was 
attacked  by  a  hip  disease,  which  resulted  in  crippling 
him  for  life.  He  taught  school  several  terms,  and  at 
the  a;;e  of  twenty-four  commenced  reading  medicine 
with  Dr.  A.  F.  Bigelow,of  that  county,  and  a  year  later 
went  to  Bettsburg,  Chenango  Co.,  completing  the  course 
under  the  preceptorship  of  Dr.  Nathan  Boynton.  At- 
tended lectures  at  the  medical  branch  of  the  Stale 
University  at  Fairfield,  Herkimer  Co.,  N.  Y.,  from 
which  he  received  the  degree  of  M.  D.,  January  31, 
1832.  After  seven  months  practice  with  Dr.  Boynton, 
he  located  in  Coventry,  Chenango  Co.,  and  continued 
over  ten  years  discharging  the  duties  of  his  profession, 
when,  catching  the  inspiration  of  the  westward  bound 
current  he  sought  a  home  in  the  prairie  State,  landing 
in  Peoria  county  in  June  1843,  after  a  tedious  journey 
of  several  weeks  with  a  wife  and   family  of  five   small 


736 


HISTORY   <»F    PEORIA   COUNTY. 


children.  Doctor  settled  at  Halloed,  "  Blue  Ridge,  " 
Hallock  township  and  practised  four  years,  then 
removed  to  Northampton,  same  township,  and  five 
years  later  to  Chillicothe,  where  he  has  since  been 
active  in  the  profession,  save  the  years  1857  and  1858, 
when  failing  health  compelled  him  to  desist  from  prac- 
tice, which  years  the  family  spent  in  the  west  part  of 
the  State,  on  the  Mississippi  river  Forty  years  ago 
a  physician's  life  in  Illinois  was  not  an  enviable  one. 
Dr.  W.  used  to  ride  over  an  area  of  country  extending 
ten  to  eighteen  miles  in  various  directions,  a  single 
round  consuming  from  two  to  four  days  from  home  and 
embracing  seventy  to  eighty  miles.  Dr.  Wilmot  mar- 
ried Olive  Amelia,  the  daughter  of  Henry  and  Jerusha 
Smith,  on  March  6,  1833.  She  was  born  in  Green 
Co.,  N.  v.,  Jan.  28,  1816.  Their  conjugal  union  result- 
ed in  eight  children.  The  living  are.  Dr.  \Vm.  Henry 
Wilmot,  born  Feb.  16,  1834;  Franklin  S.,  bom  Aug. 
5,  1835,  Jane  E.,  Mrs.  S.  J.  Gillette,  born  Nov.  30. 
1837,  Charles  B..  bom  May  9,  1840,  Frances  E.  Mrs. 
G.  P.  Loring  horn  May  3,  1S42,  Olive  A.,  Mrs.  C.  \V. 
Carroll,  bom  July  22,  1844;  Ann  E.  (deceased),  born 
Oct.  I,  1847.  died  Oct.  2,  184S,  and  Mary  E.,  Mrs.  \Vm. 
Endsley,  born  Sept.  29,  1851. 

wilmot  F.  S.  Uhnrer.  res.  Chllllrottie. 
Wtiz  L.  saloon  keepor.  res.  (^liMllcolhe. 
Window  Mr«.  res.  Chllllcotlip. 

WIRTH  JACOB,  h.-ikerand  confectioner,  re-;. 
Chillicothe,  was  born  in  Germany,  January  29,  1S38, 
and  came  to  America  in  1851.  Settled  in  Philadelphia 
for  two  years,  and  in  1854  came  to  Peoria,  where  he 
leamed  his  business.  In  1866  came  to  Chillicothe  and 
opened  shop.  Married  in  September,  1 861,  Maggie 
Bogard,  who  was  bom  in  Ohio,  January  26.  1840,  by 
whom  he  has  had  two  children  — Annie,  born  August 
7,  1863,  and   Daisy   Lulu,  born   March   23,  1875.     He 


owns  his  residence  and  store,  and  also  a  vacant  lot  in 

Chillicothe. 

Wood  L.  A.  retired  carp«nt«r  and  eapluilat,  r««.  Clilllleaclic. 

WOOD  SIDNEY,  stove  and  general  hardware 
merchant,  res.  Chillicothe,  was  bora  in  Switzerland 
county,  Ind.,  May  8,  1850.  His  parents.  Latham  A  , 
and  Mary  Wood,  came  to  Chillicothe  in  the  year  suc- 
ceeding his  birth,  and  his  mother  dying  in  1S53  he  was 
sent  back  to  Indiana  where  he  remained  for  ten  years, 
returning  to  Chillicothe  in  1S62  ;  finished  his  education 
in  the  Stale  Normal  School  ;  engaged  for  eight  years 
in  the  dry  goods  business  as  salesman  for  Mathews  & 
Holman,  and  embarked  in  his  present  line  on  his  own 
account  in  May,  1877.  He  married  Miss  Lucy  L. 
Matlhewi,  a  native  of  Chillicothe,  in  October,  1875.  by 
whom  he  has  had  two  children  —  Grace  M  ,  born  Sep- 
tember,  1S76,  and  Bessie,  born  July  12.  1878.  Mr. 
Wood  was  for  one  year  township  collector,  and  at 
present  fills  the  office  of  city  treasurer. 

WY'LIE  MARY  Mrs.  widow  of  John  Wylie, 
farmer,  res.  Chillicothe,  was  bom  in  England,  of  S<.otch 
parents,  in  1827,  coming  with  them  to  America  in  1838, 
and  to  Peoria  county  in  1842.  Her  father,  William 
Bryden,  has  spent  his  active  life  in  farming  and  teach- 
ing. He  taught  for  many  years  in  the  old  country, and 
also  in  New  Richmond,  O.,  Princeton,  Ind.,  and  in 
Chillicothe.  Elizabeth  Bryden,  her  mother,  has  been 
some  years  dead.  Mrs.  Wylie  married  John  Wylie  in 
.May,  1865.  He  was  a  native  of  Roxburghshire,  Scot- 
land, was  born  in  1814,  and  was  a  farmer  by  occupation. 
They  settled  in  La  Prairie  township,  Marshall  county, 
where  he  died  in  1873.  Mrs.  Wylie  owns  a  homestead 
in  town,  and  is  a  member  of  the  United  Presbyterian 
Church,  of  which  Church  her  husband  was  some  time 
an  Elder. 


ELMWOOD    TOWNSHIP. 


Adami  Jamra.  rtrmer,  P.  O.  Elmwood. 

ADAMS  STEPHEN.deputy  sheriff,  Elmwood, 

All  Ofo   W   f»rm<>r.  P.  o   KIniwood. 

ALI^I'^  W  l"LT  H.  carri.-ige  trimmer,  Elmwood. 

ATIIERTON  ISRAEL  I>.  farmer.  Sec.  i6, 
P.  O.  Elmwood,  was  born  in  Delaware  county,  O.,  on 
the  gth  day  of  July.  1818,  was  reared  in  the  mercantile 
business  and  received  a  common  school  education. 
Married  Mi^s  Ann  Angel,  a  native  of  England.  She 
was  born  in  Berkshire,  Eng.,  April  12,  1812.  They 
were  blessed  with  five  children,  two  boys  and  three  girls, 
viz.:  Julia,  Kufus,  Lid,  Katie  and  Snyder,  all  of  whom 
lived  to  adult  age.  Immigrated  to  Peoria  county  in 
1841  ;  came  by  land,  making  the  trip  in  sixteen  days, 


and  located  at  Ilarkness  Grove,  where  he  remained 
three  years.  Then  came  to  his  present  place,  where  he 
h.ts  resided  since.  Has  120  acres  of  land  under  a  high 
state  of  cultivation,  valued  at  |8,ocx>.  Has  held  several 
local  offices  of  trust. 

ATHERTON  RUFUS,  farmer.  Sec.  16,  P.  O. 
Elmwood,  was  born  in  Delaware  county,  O.,  on  the  8th 
day  of  May,  1840,  and  when  two  years  old  came  to 
this  county  with  his  parents,  where  he  has  remained 
since,  with  the  exception  of  the  time  he  was  in  the 
army.  Enlisted  in  the  77th  I.  V.  I.,  Co.  I.  After  en- 
tering into  active  service,  the  first  engagement  partici- 
pated in  was  Yazoo  Bayou  ;  thence  to  Vicksburg.  Ar- 
kansas Post,  Port  Gibson, Champion  Hills,  Black  Kiver 


ELMWOOD  DIRECTORY. 


737 


Bridge,  Siege  and  Capture  of  Vicksburg.  Then  he 
was  sent  to  New  Orleans  on  the  Red  River  Expedition, 
where  he  was  taken  prisoner  with  about  l.ooo  others, 
at  Sabine  Cross  Roads,  and  was  sent  to  Tyler,  Texas, 
where  they  were  kept  until  the  close  of  the  war.  While 
Mr.  A.  was  there,  300  Union  prisoners  died.  After  re- 
turning home,  married  Miss  Martha,  daughter  of  Wm. 
Kennedy.  She  was  born  in  Trivoli  township.  May  13, 
1841.  They  have  two  children,  Clarence  and  Orin. 
Has  eighty  acres  of  land,  valued  at  $4,000. 

Baggs  Otis,  farmer.  P.  O.  Elmwoocl. 

Bair  T.  painter.  P.  O.  Elmwooil. 

Barber  N.  S.  retired  farmer.  P.  O.  Elmwood. 

BARNARD  J.  R.  carpenter,  res.  Elmwood, 
son  of  Isaac  and  Dorothy  Barnard,  was  born  in  He- 
bron, Grafton  county,  N.  H.,  on  the  loth  day  of  March, 
l8i6.  Came  to  Peoria  county  in  the  Fall  of  1S55,  and 
located  in  this  town,  w^here  he  has  followed  his  trade 
since.  Married  Miss  Ruth  J.  Bowers.  She  was  born 
in  Hill,  N.  H.,  on  the  7th  day  of  Sept.,  1S16.  They 
have  had  two  children,  both  of  them  now  dead.     Mr. 

B.  has  lived  in  the  town  of  Elmwood  from  its  infancy, 
coming  here  when  there  were  but  few  houses  in  the 
town.  Has  a  fine  residence  and  home  in  the  village, 
worth  $2,000. 

Barrett  Mrs.  P.  O.  Elmwood. 

BARTH0L03IEW  A.  G.  insurance  agent 
and  justice  of  the  peace,  res.  Elmwood,  is  the  son  of  A. 

C.  and  Aurelia  Bartholomew,  natives  of  Connecticut, 
who  were  born  in  iSog  ;  came  to  Peoria  county  in  1838 
and  located  in  Elmwood,  being  one  of  the  first  settlers 
of  the  village  where  they  still  reside.  The  subject  of 
this  sketch  was  born  in  Elmwood  township,  July  21, 
1845,  where  he  received  a  common  school  education, 
and  also  attended  Bryant  &  Stratton's  business  college. 
Married  Miss  Mary  A.  Coe,  daughter  of  Silas  Coe,  Oc- 
tober 16,  1867,  who  was  born  in  Ohio,  December  24, 
1S49.  The  fruit  of  this  marriage  is  four  children  — 
Harry,  Edwin,  Walter  and  Charles.  Mrs.  B.  is  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Congregational  Church.  Mr.  B.  enlisted  in 
the  137th  I.  V.  I.  Co.  D.  in  1864,  and  was  mustered  in 
at  Camp  Fry,  Chicago. 

BARTHOLOMEW  A.  Y.  farmer  and  stock 
dealer.  Sec.  6,  P.  O.  Elmwood,  is  the  son  of  Luzerne 
and  Betsey  (Yale)  Bartholomew,  and  was  born  in  Elm- 
wood township  on  the  26th  day  of  February,  183S. 
where  he  was  1  eared  on  a  farm  and  received  a  common 
school  education.  When  sixteen  years  of  age  he  trav- 
eled through  the  Eastern  and  Southern  States  with  his 
father.  Some  time  previous  his  father  went  to  Califor- 
nia, where  he  succeeded  in  capturing  a  very  large 
grizzly  bear  which  he  exhibited  through  this  country 
and  Europe,  giving  Mr.  B.  a  good  opportunity  to  see 
the  country.  After  disposing  of  the  show  they  came  to 
Elmwood,  where  he  embarked  in  farming.  Married 
Mary  E,  daughter  of  John   Ennis,    in    1862,    who  was 


born  in  Westmoreland  county,  N.  Y.,  June  16,  1840. 
This  union  was  blessed  by  six  children,  three  boys  and 
three  girls — John  B.,  born  February  ig,  1863;  Orie 
Y.,  April  22,  1865  ;  Laura  H.,  April  10,  1867  ;  Charles 
A.,  January  16,  1869 ;  Carrie  M.,  March  7,  1875  ;  Bes- 
sie A.,  October  5,  1879.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  B.  are  members 
of  the  Congregational  Church  of  Elmwood.  Held  sev- 
eral local  offices.  Has  224  acres  of  land  in  this  town- 
ship, valued  at  $15,000,  and  also  160  acres  in  Iowa, 
valued  at  $1,600. 

Barttioiomew  H.  retired  farmer,  P.  O.  Elmwood. 
BARROWS  B.  E.  marble  dealer,  Elmwood. 

Baxter  E.  farmer.  P.  O.  Elmwood. 
Benrosp  .los.  laborer.  P.  o.  Elmwood. 
Beiulev  Wm.  H.  hook-keeper,  P.  O.  Elmwood. 
Birkit  John  T.  teamster.  P.  O.  Elniwnod. 

BLUMENRADER    HENRY,    barber,  res. 

Elmwood.     All    kinds    of   work    done    with    dispatch. 

Makes  a  specialty  of  shaving,    shampooning   and  hair 

dressing  for  ladies  and  children. 

Bodim  J.  retired  farmer,  P.  O.  Elmwood. 
Btiland  Michael,  ial'orpr.  P.  o.  Elmwood. 
Booth  Sarah  .!..  P.  O.  Elmwond. 

BOOTH  HENRY  A,  fine  stock  breeder,  res. 
Elmwood,  is  the  son  of  L.  L.  and  Harriet  (Cogswell) 
Booth,  natives  of  Connecticut,  emigrated  to  this  coun- 
try in  1S37,  and  located  in  Brimfield  township,  where 
they  have  remained  since,  where  the  subject  of  this 
sketch  was  born  on  the  3d  day  of  September.  1841. 
Worked  on  a  farm  when  a  boy  and  attended  the  district 
schools.  Married  Miss  Sarah  Slaughter,  daughter  of 
Harrison  and  Elizabeth  Slaughter,  who  located  near 
Princeville,  in  1843  ;  she  was  born  in  Kickapoo  on  the 
23d  day  of  December,  1849.  Mr.  Booth  in  i86l  enlisted 
in  the  47th  I,  V.  I.,  was  in  the  service  eighteen  months, 
and  was  discharged  for  disability,  by  cause  of  a  sun 
stroke.  Mr.  B.  has  some  of  the  finest  blooded  stock  in 
the  county,  consisting  of  Abdallahs,  Hambeltonians, 
Clays,  Messengers,  Tuckeyhoes,  Gen.  Logans,  etc. 
Has  one  of  the  finest  teams  of  matched  stallions  in  the 
State.  Has  120  acres  of  land  under  good  cultivation, 
probably  valued  at  $7,000,  besides  his  residence  in 
town. 
Blessing  R.  mason,  P.  O.  Elmwood. 

BOURNE  M.  T.  retired  farmer,  res.  Elmwood, 
was  born  in  Barnstable,  Sandwich,  Mass.,  on  the  30th 
day  of  December,  1806;  reared  on  a  farm  and  re- 
ceived a  common  school  education.  In  1832  married 
Mary  L.,  daughter  of  Dr.  Isaac  Bartlett,  of  Kingston, 
Mass.  She  was  born  on  the  5th  day  of  April,  1S07. 
The  fruit  of  this'marriage  was  eight  children,  three  of 
whom  are  still  living,  Alice  L.,  now  Mrs.  Frank  Hitch- 
cock, of  Peoria;  Mary  B.,  now  Mrs.  Isaac  Taylor,  of 
Peoria,  and  Ella  G.  In  the  Fall  of  1834  Mr.  B.  immi- 
grated to  Peoria  county,  arriving  on  the  25th  day  of 
October,  and  located  in  Trivoli  township,  where  he 
took   up    160   acres  of  land,    and   opened  a  farm  ;  re- 


738 


HISTORY  OP  PEORIA   COUNTY. 


maining  until  February.  1 870.  when  he  came  to  Elm- 
wood,  and  has  lived  retired  since.  When  he  came  to 
the  county  »a*  in  very  limited  circumstances,  only 
hiving  $140  in  his  pocket ;  worked  out  by  the  day  and 
month  to  make  $20  more  to  take  up  his  quarter  sec- 
tion. The  land  was  not  in  market  until  the  following 
year.  Their  nearest  neighbor  was  one  mile  and  one- 
fourth.  The  first  white  child  bom  in  Trivoli  township 
was  Mrs.  Frank  Hitchcock,  daughter  of  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Bourne.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  B.  are  members  of  the  .Metho- 
dist Church,  of  Elmwood. 
Brain  J.  F.  wiRon  makrr,  P.  o.  Elmwood. 

BREWSTER  WALTER  T.  retired,  res. 
Elmwood,  was  born  in  Bolton.  Conn.,  on  the  8th  day 
September,  1814,  where  he  was  raised  on  a  farm  and 
received  a  coii'mon  school  education.  From  the  age  of 
sixteen  followed  the  manufacturing  of  woolen  goods. 
In  the  Autumn  of  1853  came  to  Illinois.  Fulton  county, 
locating  in  Farmington,  and  followed  merchandising 
for  a  year.  In  the  Fall  of  1854  came  to  Elmwood.  and 
in  company  with  Mr.  Tracy  built  the  first  brick  in  the 
place,  and  opened  the  first  stock  of  dry  goods  of  any 
magnitude  as  the  firm  of  Tracy  &  Brewster  ;  remained 
there  until  the  following  Spring,  when  he  sold  his  in- 
terest and  embarked  in  farming  ;  continued  in  this  for 
ten  years.  .-Xt  the  death  of  Mrs.  B.'s  father  they  re- 
turned to  their  native  State,  and  remained  four  years  ; 
while  there  had  charge  of  a  cloth  manufacturing  estab- 
lishment ;  afterward  returned  to  Elmwood,  and  en- 
gaged in  merchandising  two  years  ;  since  that  time  has 
been  raising  small  fruits.  He  married  Miss  Mary 
Johnson.  January  i.  1838.  She  was  born  October  3. 
181 1,  and  died  in  the  Autumn  of  l84q,  leaving  one 
child.  Henry,  now  of  New  Hampshire.  For  his  second 
wife  married  Emily  Chisler.  She  was  born  in  Middle. 
«ex  county,  Conn.,  on  the  23d  of  October,  1822.  The 
fruit  of  this  marriage  was  two  children,  one  living,  one 
son  and  one  daughter  who  died  in  infancy.  Members 
of  the  Congregational  Church  of  Elmwood. 

RRIOnS  .JAMES,  farmer  and  slock  dealer, 
P.  O.  Kosefield,  was  born  in  Lancashire,  England,  Oc- 
tober, 1825,  and  came  to  Peoria  county  in  1853.  Mar- 
ried Miss  Mary  Palmer,  daughter  of  Thos.  Palmer.  She 
was  born  in  the  same  shire,  April  26,  1824.  The  fruit 
of  this  marriage  was  eleven  children,  eight  of  whom 
are  living.  Mr.  B.  is  a  member  of  the  United  Brethren 
Church  at  Soulhport.  Mr.  B.  came  to  this  country 
poor,  but  has,  by  gooil  management  and  close  attention 
to  business,  made  a  fine  property  and  home.  Has  300 
acres  of  land  valued  at  $12,000.  Had  one  son  in  the 
77th  T.  V.  I.,  Co.  C,  who  died  at  Memphis  of  the 
typhoid  fever. 
Ilrown  i"h««.  ■pivulalor,  p.  o.  Klmwood. 

BROWN    EOWIX    RUTIIERSON.   res. 

KInnv.M.d.      Horn    in    1S25   al   the  fool  of  "  (jrcylock  " 


mountain,  in  Adams,  Berkshire  county.  Mass.  His 
parents  soon  after  removed  to  Cummington,  Mass., 
where  they  remained  many  years  and  "  raised"  a  large 
family.  Hard  work  and  small  pay  was  the  ruling  con- 
dition for  old  and  young,  and  leisure  for  school  and 
study  was  the  golden  exception.  At  eight  years  of  age 
Mr.  Brown  took  his  place  as  "  a  hand  "  in  a  woolen 
factory  ;  at  thirteen  changed  to  farming  ;  and  at  eigh- 
teen  to  school  teaching  in  the  Winter  months,  and 
cabinet  maker  for  the  rest  of  the  year ;  afterwards  go- 
ing into  the  mercantile  business. 

In  1849  he  married  Miss  Marilla  Jenkins,  of  Cum- 
mington, Mass..  a  lady  of  rare  good  sense  and  equi- 
poise of  character,  and  in  1853  removed  to  Cheshire, 
Mass.,  where  he  built  up  a  good  business,  but  the 
"shutting  down  "of  the  iron  and  glass  works  of  the 
place  in  1S55  depreciated  property  and  wiped  out  the 
margin  that  had  been  gained.  In  1856  he  struck  out 
with  his  family,  nearly  empty-handed,  with  the  inten- 
tion of  settling  in  Minnesota.  Stopping  on  the  way  to 
visit  a  relative  or  two  near  Elmwood,  and  being  a 
handy  painter,  he  took  a  few  jobs  by  way  of  pastime, 
and  has  never  found  leisure  since  to  complete  the  re- 
moval to  Minnesota.  Mr.  Brown,  being  a  born  archi- 
tect, has  built,  mostly  with  his  own  hands,  two  or  three 
elegant  residences,  which  adds  no  little  to  the  beauty 
of  Elmwood.  In  iSbcf  he  opened  a  bookstore  in  Elm- 
wood. .idding  to  it  in  1877  the  jewel  Pi-  and  music  business 
of  his  brother,  D.  S.  Brown,  now  of  Peoria,  since  which 
time  in  connection  with  his  son.  E.  I,.  Brown,  the  busi- 
ness has  been  carried  on  under  the  name  of  E.  R.  Brown 
&  Son,  with  energy  and  success.  One  son  died  in  1 859, 
and  an  only  daughter,  Ix)is,  is  pursuing  her  studies 
at  the  Illinois  University,  Champaign.  In  1870 
Mr.  Brown  for  a  few  months  edited  a  daily  paper 
in  Peoria,  but  soon  found  his  health  giving  way 
under  the  confinement  and  late  hours,  and  resigned  a 
position  for  which  he  was  well  qualified,  as  hr  has  a 
fine  literary  taste,  and  is  a  clear  and  forcible  writer. 
In  1870  he  was  appointed  postmaster  at  Elmwood, 
by  President  Grant ;  a  position  which  he  still  fills  to 
great  acceptance.  Though  nurtured  under  the  stem 
tenets  of  New  England  theology,  is  in  ardent  sympathy 
with  the  oppressed,  (learned  largely  from  his  mother.) 
and  an  intense  love  of  liberty,  civil,  menial  and  religious, 
colored  all  his  boyish  aspirations  anil  largely  shaped 
his  course  in  life.  Hismotlois:  "Truth  (or  authorilv;" 
never  authority  for  truth.  As  a  Garrisonian  aboli- 
lionisl.  he  often  lectured  on  slavery  before  the  rebel 
war,  and  became  familiar  with  the  features  of  pro- 
slavery  mobs.  His  father,  whose  house  in  Massachu- 
setts was  long  a  wayside  inn  for  the  pioneers  of  liWrly. 
still  lives  in  Elmwood.  in  a  serene  and  beautiful  old 
age. 

Ilrown  Hiram  Jr.  palnivr,  I*.  O.  Klmwootf. 


I  ELMWOOD    *^  ^ 


ELMWOOD. 


l^y 


/OOD.  /"^ 


ELMWOOD. 


^.^C^y;/ 


ELMWOOD   DIRECTORY. 


739 


BRUNTON  ED.  station  agent,  Elmwood,  son 
of  Josiah  and  Sarah  (Black)  Brunton,  natives  of  Ohio, 
emigrated  to  Illinois  and  located  in  McDonotigh 
county,  where  the  subject  of  this  sketch  was  born,  on 
the  14th  day  of  February,  1854.  Was  reared  on  a 
farm  and  received  his  education  in  McDonough  and 
Hancock  counties  ;  also  attended  Gem  City  Business 
College,  at  Quincy,  where  he  learned  a  practical 
business  education.  Commenced  railroading  in  1874; 
his  first  station  was  at  Kirkwood.  In  December,  1S75, 
came  to  Elmwood,  where  he  has  remained  since. 
Married  Miss  Ella  M.  Brain,  daughter  of  J.  T.  Brain. 
She  was  born  in  Elmwood  in  1S60.  One  child  bless 
this  union  :  Earle,  born  April  10,  1879.  Mf-  Brunton 
is  a  young  man  of  sterling  integrity  and  untiring 
industry,  whose  influence  will  be  appreciated  in  the 
community  at  large. 

Butler  John,  laborer,  P.  O.  Elmwood. 

CALDWELL  SILAS,  res.  Elmwood,  black- 
smith and  carriage  maker,  of  the  firm  of  Venn  &  Cald- 
well, was  the  son  of  John  and  Mary  Caldwell,  natives 
of  Pennsylvania,  where  they  lived  and  died.  The  sub- 
ject of  this  sketch  was  born  in  Washington  county, 
Pa.,  on  the  23rd  day  of  October,  1833,  was  reared  on 
a  farm  and  received  a  common  school  education. 
Emigrated  to  Indiana  in  1851,  and  remained  two 
years;  thence  to  Illinois,  where  he  remained  three 
years,  and  in  1857  went  to  Jackson,  Miss.,  where  he 
remained  a  short  time,  engaged  with  Phillips,  Kail  & 
Co.,  plow  manufacturers  ;  then  he  came  to  Farmington, 
Fulton  county,  where  he  married  Miss  Thena  Tyler. 
The  fruit  of  this  marriage  was  five  children,  three  of 
which  are  still  living:  Lucy  F.,  John  W.  and  Fannie. 
Members  of  the  Congregational  Church  of  Elmwood. 
Mr.  Caldwell  has  also  been  a  member  of  I.  O.  O.  F., 
Lodge  No.  122,  for  twenty-one  years. 

Caruev  Edward,  laborer,  P.  O.  Elmwood. 
Carter  L.  farmer.  P.  O.  Elmwood. 
Catoii  N'orrls.  laborer,  P.  O.  Elmwood. 
Chapman  J.  ret.  farmer  P.  O.  Elmwood. 
Coe  .s.  \V.  merchaut,  P.  O.  Elmwood. 

COE  W.  C.  restaurant,  Elmwood. 

CONKLIN  J.  W.  farmer,  Sec.  21,  P.  O.  Elm- 
wood, was  born  in  Livingston  county,  N.  V.,  on  the 
I2th  day  of  May,  1826,  was  raised  on  a  farm  and  re- 
ceived a  common  school  education.  Emigrated  to 
Peoria  in  1845,  sf"l  located  in  Elmwood  township 
where  he  has  followed  farming  and  stock  raising  since. 
Married  Miss  Sarah  Ann,  daughter  of  Ichabod  Smith. 
She  was  born  in  Ohio  in  1825.  Five  children  blessed 
this  union,  four  of  which  are  still  living:  Esther  J., 
Ella  E.,  now  Mrs.  Elmer  Graham,  Eva  E.  Members 
of  the  Congregational  Church  of  Elmwood.  Has  held 
several  local  offices  of  trust.  Has  257  acres  of  land, 
valued  at  $18,000.  Mr.  Conklin  came  to  the  county  in 
limited   circumstances,  working  out  for  some  time  by 


the  month,  and  by  hard  work  ami  good  management 
has  accumulated  a  fine  property  and  hoine. 

Conklin  O.  F.  farmer.  P.  O.  Elmwood. 
Conklin  \V.  ('.  farmer.  P.  O.  Elmwood. 
Cnnnell  Wm.  farmer.  P.  O.  Trivoll. 
Corbett  I),  farmer.  P.O.  Elmwood. 
Corrlgaii  Thos.  laborer,  P.  ().  Elmwood. 

COWELL  JOHX,  harness  maker,  res.  Elm- 
wood, was  born  in  Trenton,  New  Jersey,  July  18,  1843. 
In  1855,  his  parents  moved  to  Canton,  Fulton  county, 
where  they  both  reside.  Married  Miss  Margaret  L. 
Reddingbow,  April  24,  1868.  She  was  born  in  1844, 
in  Pickaway  county,  Ohio,  Four  children,  three  boys 
and  one  girl.  His  father  being  a  harness  maker,  com- 
menced the  trade  when  he  was  ten  years  of  age.  and 
has  continued  since  he  came  to  Elmwood,  in  Sep- 
tember, 187S,  and  embarked  in  business  in  November 
of  the  same  year.     Is  a  man  that  is  master  of  his  trade. 

COWSEK  JAMES,  carpenter,  res.  Elmwood. 
Was  born  in  Fayette  county,  Pa.,  on  the  loth  day  of 
May,  1831,  where  he  followed  farming  and  attended 
school  in  his  native  county.  Emigrated  to  Peoria 
county  in  1850.  Married  Miss  Carrie  Nixon,  daughter 
of  William  Nixon,  one  of  the  early  pioneers  of  Peoria 
county,  coming  in  as  early  as  1831,  where  she  was  born 
on  the  13th  day  of  August,  1834,  in  Richwoods.  The 
fruit  of  this  marriage  was  three  children,  William  D., 
Frank  E.  and  Edwin  C.  Mrs.  C.  is  a  member  of  the 
Methodist  Church.  Mr.  C's.  family  A'aswell  represent- 
ed in  the  Union  army,  having  five  brothers,  who  ser\'ed 
in  an  aggregate  of  seventeen  years.  Has  a  comfortable 
home  in  Elmwood,  valued  at  $1,200. 
Cox  Henry,  farmer,  P.  O.  Elmwood. 

CRAIG  W.  H.  insurance  agent  and  broker,  res. 
Elmwood. 

CR.\TTY  WILLIAM,  P.  O.  Elmwood. 
Among  the  many  people  who  came  from  Ohio  and  set- 
tled in  the  fascinating  Prairie  State  were  the  Crafty 
family,  from  that  State,  in  the  year  1S53,  from  Dela- 
ware county,  and  settled  in  Knox  county.  111. ;  from 
thence  moving  to  Elmwood,  Peoria  county,  in  March, 
1865.  William  Cratty,  the  father  of  the  family,  was 
born  in  Butler  county.  Pa.,  June  28.  1805,  and  came 
with  his  father  to  Delaware  county,  Ohio,  in  the 
Fall  of  1 8 14,  it  being  the  extreme  Western  State 
at  that  time.  When  the  slavery  question  came 
to  be  agitated,  and  the  anti-slavery  party  became 
recognized  among  the  political  parties  of  the  coun- 
try, the  subject  of  this  sketch  took  a  decitled  stand 
in  favor  of  human  rights,  and  voted  for  James  G.  Bir 
ney  as  the  first  candidate  for  the  Presidency,  brought 
forward  by  the  Anti-Slavery  party,  and  ever  after  voted 
the  anti-slavery  or  abolition  ticket  at  .State  and  Nation- 
al elections.  For  twelve  or  fifteen  years  he  lived  about 
half  way  from  Cincinnati  to  Cleveland,  on  the  main 
traveled  road  between  the  two  places,  and  being  well 


740 


HISTORY  OF  PEORIA   COUNTY. 


known  «s  an  abolitionist,  his  house  was  made  the  head- 
quarters for  escaping  fugitives  endeavoring  to  get  across 
the  lake  to  Canada,  and  he  was  considered  and  duhbtd 
as  conductor  on  the  underground  railroad,  and  often 
heard  violent  threats  made  against  him  by  slave  hun- 
ters. They  offered  a  standing  reward  for  years  to  any 
one  who  would  deliver  Mr.  Cratly  to  them  on  the  south 
side  of  the  Ohio  river.  There  had  a  great  many  es- 
caped slaves  passed  through  his  hands  and  under  his 
roof. 

All  these  escaped  in  violation  of  law,  and  all  those 
who  assisted  them,  either  in  word  or  deed,  were  liable 
to  prosecution  in  any  court  of  the  United  States  for  the 
assessed  value  of  such  slave,  as  the  property  of  such 
pretended  owner,  without  any  regard  to  the  conscience 
of  the  individual  or  the  humanity  of  his  nature. 

The  subject  of  this  sketch  was  married  in  1826,  in 
Champaign  county.  Ohio,  to  Candicc  Bennett,  a  native 
of  Rhode  Island,  and  raised  a  large  familvof  children, 
seven  of  whom  are  living  —  two  sons  and  five  d.iugh- 
ters.  The  sons  are  known  as  the  law  firm  of  Cratty 
Brothers,  in  Peoria,  and  their  ability  and  success  are 
widely  known.  Having  been  brought  up  in  the  Pres- 
byterian Church.  Mr.  C.  has  always  been  partial  to  that 
society;  has  been  three  times  elected  ruling  elder  in 
that  church,  and  holds  the  office  at  present.  When  the 
late  rebellion  broke  out.  one  of  the  boys  enlisted,  and 
when  serving  his  third  year  died  in  camp  at  Little 
Rock,  Ark.  The  youngest,  Josiah.  enlisted,  and  was 
discharged  at  the  close  of  the  war,  having  been  in  ser- 
vice about  eight  months. 

DALTON  .\UREY,  farmer  and  stock  raiser, 
and  one  of  the  earliest  settlers  of  the  township,  is  a 
man  of  good  standing,  in  comfortable  circumstances, 
and  enjoys  the  respect  of  all  with  whom  he  is  brought 
in  contact.     P,  O.  Elmwood. 

Danlf t^  n.  to.innrpr,  V.  O.  EImwon<l. 
nariipll  .tnhn,  Iirl^k  iniwon,  P.  o.  Elmwood 
Davey  Wm.  tilackfimttti.  P.  O.  Elmwood. 

DAVIS  .T.  .T.  manufacturer  of  mill  machinery, 
res.  Elmwood,  was  born  in  Vanderburg  county,  Ind.. 
'June  30,  1833,  where  he  received  a  common  school 
education,  and  when  fourteen  years  of  age  learned  the 
printer's  trade.  Married  Miss  Mary  A.  Lawrence.  She 
was  born  near  Columbus.  Ohio,  in  1834.  Thirteen 
children  blessed  this  union,  of  whom  eleven  are  still 
living.  For  several  years  after  he  married,  followed 
farming  and  dealing  in  stock.  Since  that  time,  he  has 
been  engaged  in  manufacturing  mill  machinery. 

I>i:it  \<  IIi:i{  VALKXTINE.  laborer.  P.O. 
Elmwood,  was  born  in  Baden,  Germany,  in  i8j8. 
Emigrated  to  the  U.  S.  Dec.  17,  1851,  and  c.ime  to  II. 
linois  in  18O0.  Married  Miss  Caroline  Drexler,  in 
1849,  in  Uermany.     She  was  born  in  1822.     They  have 


six  children,  four  boys  and  two  girls.     Has  a  residence 
in  Elmwood  valued  at  $1,000.     Politics,  Republican. 
Dlnan  l)»nli>l.  lalwrrr.  P.  O.  Elmwood. 

DrXON  C.  p.  liveryman,  res.  Elmwood,  was 
born  in  Knox  county,  on  the  12th  day  of  February, 
1854.  1 1  is  father  was  among  the  earliest  settlers  and 
located  in  Knox  county,  where  he  raised  a  family  of 
ten  children,  four  of  which  are  still  living.  The  sub- 
ject of  this  sketch  married  Miss  Viola  L.  Jones,  daugh- 
ter of  E.  R.  Jones,  who  was  bom  in  Knox  county,  De- 
cember 16,  1855.  Two  children  bless  this  union.  Em- 
barked  in  the  livery  business- in  1878,  and  keeps  a  gen- 
eral  feed  and  exchange  stable. 

nOLL.VRD  ROBERT  Maj.  attorney,  res. 
Elmwood.  At  the  outbreak  of  the  war  he  was  a  private 
in  Co.  B.  4th  Mass.  Militia  Inf.,  and  entered  the  United 
States  service  .\pril  16,  1 861,  the  day  following  the  call 
by  the  president  for  75,000  men.  Took  part  in  the 
battle  of  Big  Bethel,  and  in  capturing  and  fortifying 
Newport  News.  Was  mustered  out  July  22,  1861,  and 
re-enlisted  at  Boston,  Septembers,  '^6'.  in  Co.  I.  sad 
Mass.  Vol.  Inf.,  Col.  Henry  Wilson,  late  vice-president 
of  the  United  States.  Shortly  after  his  company  was 
disbanded,  and  he  joined  Co.  E.  23d  Mass.  Vol.  Inf., 
Col.  John  Krutz.  and  for  efficiency  as  military  instmc- 
tor.  was  appointed  sergeant.  Was  in  the  Bumside  ex- 
pedition  at  Annapolis,  Md.,  in  Novemher,  1861,  and  in 
1862  was  engaged  in  the  battles  of  Roanoke  Island.  N. 
C,  Feb.  7  and  8;  Newbum.  N.  C,  March  14,  where  he 
was  slightly  wounded  with  a  canister  shot  ;  South  West 
Creek,  N.  C,  Dec.  13;  Kingston,  N.  C.  Dec.  14; 
White  Hall.  N.  C,  Dec.  16;  Goldsborough,  N.C.,  Dec. 
17.  Was  promoted  to  1st  Sergt.  for  meritorious  con- 
duct. May,  1862,  and  10  2d  Lieut.,  Dec,  1862.  Was 
engaged  in  the  battle  of  Newburn,  N.  C,  July  4,  1863, 
and  recommended  for  1st  Lieut.,  Nov.,  1863;  resigned 
before  promotion  and  accepted  a  position  as  captain  of 
the  2d  U.  S.  Cav.  Vol.  Was  engaged,  March  II,  1S64. 
with  his  company,  three  others  (200  men),  and  two 
howitzers  at  Norfolk,  Va.,  in  saving  two  companies  of 
his  regiment  from  being  cut  off,  and  successfully  cen- 
lered  for  that  purpose  four  regiments  of  infantry,  one  of 
cavalry,  and  six  pieces  of  artillery,  suffering  a  lost  of 
one  howitzer,  and  one-fourth  of  the  men  and  horses. 
May  5,  1864.  with  his  company,  flanked,  attacked  and 
routed  a  battalion  of  cavalry  at  Jones  bridge,  on 
Chickahominy  river,  Va.,  capturing  the  redoubts  and 
the  entire  camp  and  garrison  equipage  of  the  ene- 
my. January  9,  1S64,  with  the  same  command,  he 
fought  and  routed  n  body  of  guerillas  in  front  of  City 
Point,  Va..  and  on  the  same  day  charged  and  drove  the 
entire  picket  line  and  their  rescr>'es  into  their  main 
line  of  works  at  Petersburg,  and  receiving  from  their 
batteries  the  first  fire  e%'er  delivered  in  their  defence, 
about  May  16,  1864,  with  a    detachment    of  thirty-five 


KLMWOOD   J)I1{K(T0KY. 


741 


mounted  men.     He  charged   and    routed    the  enemy's 
picket  line   along    the   Appomatox,    consisting  of  two 
companies    of    infantry    and    part    of    a  company  of 
cavalry,    capturing,     killing,    and    wounding    a    por- 
tion   of    them,    and    driving    the  remainder    in    con- 
fusion   back   upon    a    regiment    of   cavalry  and  bat- 
talion    stationed     in     the     rear,     and    engaged     the 
same    day    in    defending    "Redoubts  Converse"    on 
the  Appomatox  against  a  charge  by  the  enemy  cavalry. 
About  May  i6,  1864,  participated  in  the  defence  of  the 
same  redoubt  against  a  vigorous   assault   of   two  rebel 
brigades  and  two   batteries   of    artillery,  and   under   a 
galling  fire  from  twenty-six  pieces  of  artillery,  to  learn 
the  strength  and  position  of  the  enemy,  charged  with  his 
squadron  between  the  flanks  of  their  cavalry  and  infan- 
try  brigade,  passing    to  the  rear  of  one   brigade    and 
returning   to  the  main  body   of  their  command.     On 
the   day    following    he  engaged  in  a    skirmish.      May 
27,  1S64,  with  his  squadron  at  the  head  of  Gen.    Hick's 
division,  he  made   three   charges,  at  close    quarters  in 
rapid  succession  on  the  Petersburg  outposts  and  engag- 
ed in  the  general  assault  on  the  enemy's   works,  which 
shortly  afterwards  followed.  June  16, 1864,  was  engaged 
in  the  battle  of  Petersburg  and  in   the  assault  charged 
with  his  squadron  into  the  enemy's  works  in  advance  of 
infantry  columns.     From  this  time  until  Sept.  29, 1864, 
participated  in  the  siege  of  Richmond  and   Petersburg, 
and  was  almost  constantly  under    fire.     On    Sept.    29, 
with  250  men,  he  led  the  assault  un  the  enemy's  works 
on  the  extreme  right  of  the  army  of  the  James,  where 
he  was  shot  down  after  driving  the    enemy   from    their 
riile  pits  and    pursuing  them  to  the   trenches  of  their 
main  fortifications.     Of  his  conduct  on  this  occasion, 
Gen.  Butler  says,  Capt.  Robert  DoUard  acting  as  field 
otficer   and   in   charge   of  the  skirmish  line    at    New 
Market  inspired  his   command   by   his   great   personal 
bravery,  coolness  and    ability    until    he    fell    severely 
wounded  near  the  enemy's  main  line;  hereby  promoted 
to  Major.     Major  D.  having  recovered  from  his  wounds 
returned  to  the  field   in  December  following,  and   took 
command   of  his   regiment,   which   was    still  actively 
engaged  in  the  siege   in   front   of  Richmond,  and   was 
shortly  thereafter  recommended  for  promotion  as  Lieut.- 
Col.  but  on  account  of  the  war  closing  was  not  com- 
missioned.    The  Major  was  at  this  time  a  mere  boy  in 
appearance,  but  twenty-two  years  of  age  and  probably 
the  youngest  officer  of  his  rank  in  either  of  the  armies  of 
the  Potomac  or  James,  with  both  which  he  had  served 
and  had  literally  fought  his  way  from  tlie  ranks  to  the 
head  of  his  regiment. 
Doiiuelly  I>.  laborer,  P.  O.  Kliiiwood. 

l>OUGLASS  ■\V3I.  of  the  firm  of  Douglass  & 
Son,  emigrated  in  the  year  1862  to  Elmvvood  from 
Belleville,  Canada,  and  commenced  the  cairiage  and 
wagon    business    on    the   site   where    the     Klmwood 


foundry  and  machine  shops  now  stands,  and  continued 

until  the   l''all   of   1866.     Engaged    in    the    mercantile 

business  in  the  firm    of   Douglass   &    Vansickle,  which 

bnsiness  he  followed  until  the  death  of  Mr.  V.     Messrs. 

Jones  and  Vandevort  purchasing  an  interest,  the   firm 

was  changed  to  Douglass  &  Co.    In  the  year  1871.  Mr. 

D.  disposed  of  his  interest  and  bought  out  S.  Caldwell, 

and  again  entered  into  his  old  business  of  carriage  and 

wagon  making  as  the  firm  of  Douglass  &  Venn.     In  the 

Spring  of  1S7S,  \V.  H.    Douglass   purchased    the    Venn 

interest,  since  which  time  the  firm  is  known  as  Douglass 

&  Son.     They  make  a  specialty   of  fine   work,   employ 

eight  men  and  do  a  business  fiom   $:o,ooo  to  $12,000 

a  year.     W'm,  Douglass  w'as  a  blacksmith  by  trade  and 

is  the  oldest  established   carriage  maker  in  the   town. 

In  1878  he  embarked  in  the  farming  implement  trade, 

as  the  firm  of  Douglass  &  Co.,  \Vm  H.  taking  charge  of 

the  same.     Mr.  Douglass  is  one  of  the    solid    reliable 

business  men  of  Elmwood. 

Drmiimirk  A.  \  g:irUener.  P.  O.  Eluiwood. 
Uuggins  II.  J.  fiiiiner,  1".  O.   ElinwooU. 
KililiKt-T  iliiaiii,  laborer.  P.  O.  Kliinvooil. 

ELLIOTT  T.  E.  hardware,  res.  Elmwood,  of 
the  firm  of  Elliott  &  Truey,  was  born  in  Mercersburg, 
Cumberland  Co.,  Pa.,  on  the  31st  day  of  March,  1851. 
Came  to  the  county  in  1856,  and  engaged  to  Hepen- 
stall  Bros.,  as  book-keeper,  and  remained  with  them 
until  1879,  when  he  in  company  with  Mr.  Tracy  pur- 
chased the  hardware  interest  of  Bradshaw  d:  Caldwell. 

I'iwal   (J.  M.  D.  farmer.  P.  O.  Elmwood. 
ICwalt  W.  1>.  fariiier,!'.  o.  Elmwuod. 

FAKNUM  (jr.  A.  residence  Elmwood,  by  pro- 
fession a  harness  maker,  son  of  James  F.  and  Laura 
(Davis)  Farnum,  who  emigrated  to  this  county.  Brim- 
field  township,  where  he  was  engaged  in  farming  for 
about  four  years.  Thence  moved  to  Brimfield  village 
and  embarked  in  the  mercantile  business,  where  he  has 
remained  since.  The  subject  of  this  sketch  was  born  in 
Windsor  county,  Vermont,  on  the  i8th  day  of  May, 
1842.  He  married  Miss  Amelia  Hannam,  daughter  of 
Chas.  E.  Plannam,  natives  of  England  ;  was  born  in 
Sommerton,  Somersetshire,  England,  January  20, 
1850.  The  fruit  of  this  marriage  two  children  —  Chas. 
G.,  born  December  2,  1874;  Grace  Atta,  born  Decem- 
ber 22,  1877.  Member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.,  Lodge  No- 
122,  and  the  subordinate  order  of  Encampment. 
Kilzgeralds  John,  laborer,  P.  O.  Klimvood. 

FORBES  AV1LLL\31,  merchant,  residence 
Elmwood,  son  of  William  and  Susan  Forbes.  They 
were  natives  of  Ireland.  Emigrated  to  the  United 
States  in  1828,  and  located  in  Canada  for  a  short  time, 
from  there  to  New  Jersey,  where  they  remained  six 
years.  Thence  to  Philadelphia  one  year,  when  they 
came  to  Peoria  county,  where  they  remained  one  year  ; 
then  removed  to  Logan  township,  where  his  father  died, 
August  31,  1875,  at  the  age  of  eighty-four  years.     The 


HISTORY  OF  PEOKIA  COUNTY. 


subject  of  this  sketch  was  born  in   Logan  township,  on 

the  14th  of  November.  1S38  ;  where  he  was  rearetl  on  a 

farm,  and  attended  the  common  scho<il.     Married   .Miss 

^'*KBi'  J-.  daughter  of  Jacob  Swickard.     She  was  bom 

in    Richmond,   JefTerson   county,    Ohio,    November    7, 

1844.     There  was  three  children,  one  of  which  is  still 

living,    \Vm.  J.,  bom   .May  9,  186S.      Members  of  the 

Methodist  Church.     lias  held   several   local  offices  of 

trust,     Enlistol  in  the  iilh  III.  Cav.,  Co.  H.     After 

leaving  the  army  engaged    in    farming  and  continued 

until    the    Fall    of    1870;    then    clerked  in    Woodford 

county  until  the  Fall  of  1875  ;  then  came  to  Flmwood 

and  clerked  for  J.  D.  Stewart  until  1879  ;  then  entered 

into  partnership  with  Mr.  Prescotl,  as  the  firm  ol  I'res- 

colt  &  Forbes. 

Follcr  John,  itrayiiinii,  P.  O.  Elmwood. 
Kmut  .s.  w.  oarpontf  r.  y.  o.  Kluiwood. 
Krye  Aniccliii  J.  f.  o.  KImwoud. 

FltY  tJACOB,  merchant  tailor,  residence  Elm- 
wood,  was  born  in  Switzerland  in  1S33.  Came  to  In- 
diana in  1857.  Commenced  his  apprenticeship  when 
he  was  fifteen  years  of  age,  which  trade  he  has  followed 
since.  In  lS6s  came  to  Elmwood.  In  1861  married 
Miss  Angelina  Jay.  She  was  born  in  Indiana,  in  1836. 
The  fruit  of  this  marriage  is  four  children  —  Mary  E., 
Obun  E.,  Viola  M.,  Cruby  J.  Enlisted  in  the  8th  In- 
diana ( three  months  service) ;  was  in  West  Virginia. 

GABKIEL  EHX.ST,  jeweler,  and  residence 
Elmwood,  was  born  in  Saxon,  Germany,  in  1S44  (father 
and  mother  still  living  in  Germany).  Eniigr.ited  to  the 
United  States  in  l80q.  and  to  Elmwood  in  1876.  Was 
married  in  1872  toMiss  Ida  Ilarberman.  She  was  born 
in  Erfurt,  Prussia.  The  fruit  of  this  marriage  is  two 
children  —  Emil  and  Ida.  Mr.  G.  learned  his  trade  in 
Germany  while  young.  Is  a  first-class  workman,  and 
prepared  to  do  all  kinds  of  work.  lie  has  a  fine  stock 
o(  clucks,  watches,  jewelry,  etc. 

CiAKUIOIt  iti.  shoemaker,    residence  Elmwood, 

son  of  Daniel  and  Matilda   Garlier,  of  Ohio,  was  born 

in  Richland   county,   Ohio,  on   the   l8th  day  of  April, 

1853  ;    reared   lo  the    trade,    and    received  a  primitive 

education  in  his  native  county.     In  187b  married   Miss 

Ida  Brenttinger,  daughter    of  George  Brenltinger,    of 

Ohio.     She  was  born    in   the  same   county   October  19, 

l8s6.     Two  ch'ildren    blesseil   this  union,  one  buy  and 

girl,  l^arry,  born  Nov.  8,  1876,  Leone,  born   March  31, 

1878.     Mr.  G.  is  .1  member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.,  Belleville 

Lodge,  O.,  No.  306. 

Oatx  Ui'o.  Mhoriniiki'r,  I*.  O.  KItnwooO. 
(Illilii  K.  W.  liirn  li>ril.  V.  II.  KIiiiw>mkI. 
mil  .I'lhii.  luliiircr.  I'.  II.  KIiiiwimhI. 
Ulllln  John,  rariiirr.  I'.  II.  KIiiihihmI. 

OOL'l)V  •!.   W.  insurance  agent,  Elmwood. 

UrAlmlii  I'.  F.  riiriiii'r.  I'.  11.  Klmwuml. 

(;IC.VII.\.M   .1.   II.  farmer,  P.  O.  ElmwiKxl,  was 

born  in  lli^lilaml  cuuiiiy,  O.,  August  19,  1837;  is  a  son 

of  Robert  and   Eluabclli    Graham.     Ilis    father  was  a 


native  of  county  Down,  Ireland,  and  his  mother  ol 
Pennsylvania.  They  had  thirteen  children,  four  sons 
and  nine  daughters.  The  subject  of  this  sketch  was 
born  in  Ohio,  reared  on  a  farm,  and  attended  the  dis- 
trict schools.  In  1S48  came  to  Peoria  county,  and  did 
his  first  work  for  Thos.  HurfT,  in  the  neighborhood  of 
his  present  home.  He  then  worked  for  E.  F.  Smith, 
who  lived  on  the  place  that  Mr.  Graham  now  owns  and 
occupies.  He  was  married  on  the  22d  day  of  Novem- 
ber, 1850,  lo  Miss  Sarah  Jane,  daughter  of  John  and 
Delilah  Ruse,  of  Highland  county,  O.  By  this  mar- 
riage  he  has  had  eleven  children,  nine  sons  and  two 
daughters.  After  marriage  he  rented  two  years,  and 
saved  money  enough  to  buy  forty  acres  of  land  ;  im- 
proved and  .idded  to  it,  making  a  hundred  and  fifty 
acres  ;  sold  to  a  good  advantage,  and  in  fourteen  years 
after  he  worked  for  Mr.  Smith,  he  came  back  and 
bought  his  farm,  paying  $18,000  for  the  same,  the  most 
of  it  cash  down,  and  the  balance  in  two  years.  Mr.  G. 
and  family  are  highly  esteemed  in  the  community  io 
which  they  live. 
Orsliain  s  S.  retlnil  farmer.  P.  O.  Elmwood. 

tiKAH.VM  WILLIAM,  farmer.  Sec.  22,  P. 
O.  Elmwood,  was  born  in  Peoria  county  and  was  reared 
on  a  farm  until  he  was  nineteen  years  old.  when  he  en- 
listed  July  28,  1862,  in  the  86th  I.  V.  I..  Co.  V  ;  left 
Peoria  September  7,  and  on  the  8th  day  of  October, 
1862,  participated  in  thebaltle  of  Perryville,  Ky.,  where 
he  received  two  wounds,  one  in  the  left  arm  and  one  in 
the  left  breast ;  was  sent  to  the  hospital  at  Louisville, 
Ky. ;  January  26.  1863,  again  joined  his  regiment,  and 
participated  in  the  battles  of  Chickamauga,  Chatta- 
nooga, Missionary  Ridge.  Tunnel  Hill,  Buuard  Roost, 
Resaca,  Rome,  Dallas,  and  Kenesaw  Mountain.  On 
the  27th  day  of  June.  1864,  was  wounded  in  the  right 
arm,  from  which  he  received  his  discharge;  was  mut- 
tered out  at  Mound  City,  III.,  February  18,  1865. 
Married  .Miss  Mariah  Shepard,  of  Logan  township.  It 
at  present  engaged  in  farming  ;  has  a  beautiful  farm 
and  comfortable  home. 

OrlKH'lat.  farmer,  I*,  o.  KlmwMHl. 

iJrifr  Mm.  V.  II    KhnwiM^l. 

Uruvp  John  V.  maion.  I*,  o.  Klmwood. 

lIAItKNESS  A.  W.  insurance  ;igriil  .mii  auc- 
tioneer, res.  Elmwood.  Was  born  in  Hampshire  coun- 
ty, Mass.,  on  the  3rd  day  of  January,  1814  ;  when  three 
years  old  went  with  his  parents  to  Tioga  county.  Pa., 
where  he  was  reared  i<n  a  farm  and  was  educaleti  in 
the  district  schools.  Married  Miss  Emcline  Curtis, 
who  was  burn  in  Massachusetts  and  died  in  Peoria 
county,  M.ty  28,  1879.  They  had  two  boys  and  three 
girls,  all  of  which  lived  to  be  men  and  women,  vit  :— 
.Sarah  J.,  now  Mrs.  S.  I).  W.  Green,  of  Monmouth,  III.. 
Mary  E..  now  Mrs.  R.  H.  Keyet,  of  Washington  coun- 
ty. III.,  Maicus  O.,  of  Peoria,  Augusta  H..  now  Mn.  W. 
W.  Hurd.  of    Monica.    III..    Holland    H..   Washington 


ELMWOUD  BIUECTOKY. 


743 


county.  111.     In  1840  Mr.  H.  took  the  census  of  Peoria 

county,  and  held  several  local  offices. 

Haikiiess  E.  farmer,  P.  O.  Elinwyod. 
Harkness  Henry,  farmer,  P.  O.  Elutwood. 

HARKXESS  HJENKY  S.  farmer.  Sec.  32,  P. 
O.  Elmnood.  Was  born  in  this  county  on  the  21st 
day  of  January,  1S32,  the  lirst  white  person  born  in  Tri- 
voli  township.  Married  Miss  Sarah  Parker.  She  was 
born  in  New  Jersey  in  1832.  Two  children  blessed 
this  union,  Hattie  and  Charlie.  Has  100  acres  of  land 
under  good  cultivation,  valued  at  $5,000.  Mr.  Hark- 
ness  has  lived  here  since  the  township  was  in  its  in- 
fancy, and  has  seen  its  development. 

HAltPER  .SA3IUEL  A.  farmer,  Sec.  10,  P. 
O.  Elmwood  ;  son  of  Alexander  and  Jane  Harper;  fath- 
er a  native  of  Virginia,  mother  of  Ohio.  Tb|y  removed 
to  this  State  in  1S56,  and  located  near  Oak  Hill,  this 
county,  where  his  father  died  in  1858.  The  subject  of 
this  sketch  was  bom  in  Allen  county,  Ohio,  on  the  i6th 
day  of  May,  1840 ;  was  educated  in  the  common  school; 
when  nineteen  years  of  age  commenced  teaching,  and 
in  April,  1861,  enlisted  in  the  17th  Ohio  Infantry,  Co. 
A,  (in  three  months'  service) ;  mustered  in  at  Lancas- 
ter, Ohio ;  from  there  went  to  West  Virginia  and  served 
under  Gen.  Rosencrantz  ;  at  the  close  of  the  term  was 
mustered  out  at  Zanesville,  Ohio  ;  soon  after  enlisted 
the  6ist  Ohio,  and  served  on  staff  as  regimental  band, 
and  remained  about  ten  months ;  at  Columbus  rein- 
listed  in  the  52nd  Infantry,  then  being  organized;  was 
mustered  in  at  Camp  Denison  ;  was  in  several  engage- 
ments; was  at  the  battles  of  Perryville,  Stone  River, 
Chicamauga,  Missionary  Ridge,  Ringgold,  Kenesaw 
Mountain,  Peach  Tree  Creek;  at  the  battle  of  Jones- 
boro  was  wounded  by  a  musket  ball  in  the  right  leg ; 
also  with  Sherman  on  the  march  to  the  sea,  and  Grand 
Review.  Married  Miss  Mary  E.  Walton,  who  was 
born  in  this  township,  November  7,  1847.  The  fruit  of 
this  marriage  is  four  children,  three  boys  and  one  girl 
UENKY  S.  It.  grocer,  Elmwood. 

Hepmstatt  J.  miller,  contractor  aud  builder,  f.  O.  KImwood. 
HiKk'ii's  B.  F.  farmer.  P.  o.  Elmwood. 
Uoltman  Augustus,  farmer,  P.  u.  Elmwood. 

HOFFMAN"  J.  retired,  farmer,  Elmwood. 

HolTinan  W.  farmer.  P.  O.  Elmwood. 
lloleiiburff  Peter,  laljorer,  P.  O.  Elmwood. 
lloliiday  \Vm.  farmer.  P.  u.  Elmwood. 
Hul/  W  UK  miller,  P.  O.  Elmwood. 
Il"|.tliis  Pitt,  speculator  P.  o.  KImwood. 
ilnrriuleu  Geo.  farmer,  P.  O.  Trivoll. 
llnrner  Jas.  fanner.  P.  O.  Elmwood. 
iiorner  J.  T.  farmer,  P.  o.  Elmwood. 

HOUCK  WILLI Aj»I  J.  hotel  keeper,  res. 
Elmwood.  Mr.  H.  is  the  proprietor  of  the  Leota 
House.  The  hotel  is  the  first  place  of  interest  to  the 
traveler  or  stranger  upon  entering  ihe  town,  and  ofien- 
times  a  good  or  bad  impression  is  formed,  as  the  case 
may  be,  according  to  the  character  and  extent  of  its 
hotel  accommodations.  This  house  is  comfortably 
furnished,  and  from  base  to  attic  the  appointments  are 


strictly  first-class.  But  better  than  spacious  halls  and 
line  appointments  are  the  homelike  menu  and  surround- 
ings of  the  establishment.  The  guests  not  only  find 
good  beds  and  board,  but  also  the  kindest  attention. 
The  Leota  House  is  a  favorite  resort  for  the  traveling 
public. 

Itiilliert  Mrs.  mlllluery,  P.  O.  Elmwood. 
Huinjilirey  \V.  J.  farmer,  P.  o.  Elmwood. 
Hunt  O.  farmer.  J',  o.  Elmuoud. 
Hurtf  !>.  farmer.  P.  o.  Elmwood. 
Hurff  E.  farmer,  P.  O.  Elmwood. 

HUltFF   ISAAC,     nurseryman   and   gardener, 

P.  O.  Elmwood,  son  of  Isaac  and  Ann  (Jaggard)  Hurff, 

was  born  in  Gloucester  county,  N.  J.,  on  the  1st  day  of 

Sept.,  1835  ;    was   reared  on  a  farm   and  educated  in 

his  native  township.    Emigrated  to  Peoria  county  in  the 

Spring  of  1S56.     Enlisted  in  the  8th  Mo.  Vol.  Infantry 

in  1861.      Mustered  in   at  St.  Louis;    thence  to  Padu- 

cah,  Ky.;    thence  to   Forts  Heiman  and  Henry,  where 

they  fought  and  captured  4,000  rebel  prisoners ;  thence 

to    Pittsburgh  Landing     participating  in  that   battle; 

thence  to  the  Russell  House  ;  he  was  at  the  evacuation 

of  Corinth,  and  was  soon  after  discharged,  from  failing 

health.       Enlisted  as  a  private  but  was  commissioned 

second  lieutenant  before  leaving  St.  Louis.      Returned 

to  Elmwood  and  stayed   one  year  ;    then   went  to   his 

native  Slate  and  married  Miss  Elizabelh  Linch,  born  in 

Salem   county,  N.  J.,  in   1836.       They  have  had  four 

children,  two  of  whom  are  living.       In   the  year  1876, 

Mr.  H.  took  a  trip  to  Philadelphia  with  his  family,  to 

attend  the  Exposition. 

Hurff  Tlios.  farmer,  P.  O.  Elmwood. 
Hurberc  James  T.  carpeuter,  P.  O.  Elmwood. 

IKA  JAj>IFS  0.  dentist,  res.  Elmwood,  was 
born  October  16,  1845,  in  Washington  county,  Pa. 
Son  of  George  and  Mary  Ira,  now  living  in  Pennsyl- 
vania. Was  married  July  20,  1871,  to  Lucy,  daughter 
of  Wm.  and  LucyGleason,  of  Indianapolis,  Ind.  Had 
one  child  which  died  in  infancy.  He  enlisted  in  the 
army,  August  20,  1862,  and  served  until  the  close  of 
the  war  ;  was  discharged  July  19,  1865.  .Serving  in  the 
Army  of  the  Potomac,  and  participated  in  all  the  bat- 
tles of  that  army  up  to  the  Gettysburg,  where  he  was 
severely  wounded,  which  incapacitated  him  for  active 
service,  being  on  detatched  duty  in  Washington,  D.  C. 
He  obtained  a  position  at  the  Washington  Theater, 
which  he  held  up  to  the  assassination  of  President 
Lincoln.  On  the  evening  of  the  assassination  his  duties 
not  requiring  his  presence,  in  company  with  a  friend, 
he  visited  ford's  Theater,  and  after  spending  a  few 
moments,  then  passed  out,  meeting  J.  Wilkes  Booth  on 
the  street,  the  three  stepped  into  a  refreshment  saloon 
at  the  west  door  of  the  theater,  after  taking  a  cigar 
(Booth  taking  brandy,)  they  parled  and  went  home  to 
be  astonished  by  the  announcement  early  in  the  morn- 
ing of  the  assassination.  After  the  war  studied 
dentistry  ;  went  to  Omaha,  where  he  remained  a  while. 


744 


niSTOHY  OF   PEOKIA  COUNTY. 


Locating  in  Elmwood  in  May,  1S76.     Has  acquired   a 

large  practice. 

Irwiu  W.  S.  cariKnter.  P.  O.  Elmwood. 

JAY  X.  D.  retired  merchant,  res.  Elmwood,  son 
of  Robert  and  Elizabeth  (Coats)  Jay,  natives  of  Penn- 
sylvania. They  removed  in  1832  to  Richland  county. 
Ohio,  and  five  years  later  to  Lawrence,  now  Richland 
county.  Ills.,  and  was  there  at  the  organization  of  the 
county.  The  •.ubjccl  of  this  sketch  was  born  in  Tioga 
county.  Pa.,  March  22.  1818,  and  attended  the  district 
school,  sometimes  going  as  far  as  two  miles.  He 
came  to  Elmwood,  bought  property  and  built  in  1855. 
He  married  Elizabeth  Fitch,  in  Crawford  county.  I'a., 
who  was  a  native  of  Kentucky.  She  died  in  1853, 
leaving  two  children,  Robert  B.  and  Wallace  S.  Robt. 
B.  died  in  1854.  He  married  Ann  1.  Maxwell,  bom  in 
Cecil  county,  Md.,  in  February,  1832.  They  have  five 
children  —  Frederick  IJ..  Walter  M.,  Chas.  P.,  Dora 
M..  Annie  E.  Mr.  Jay  was  a  Methodist  for  forty  years. 
He  is  now  a  minister  of  the  l'resbytcri.in.  Mr.  Jay 
held  several  local  offices  in  Richland  county,  was  justice 
of  the  peace  for  eight  years;  in  1876  was  elected  to  the 
Legislature  from  this  district,  receiving  a  very  large 
vote.  He  has  done  much  to  build  up  the  town.  Al- 
though coming  to  the  State  with  only  thirty-seven  and 
one-half  cents  in  his  pocket,  has  accumulated  a  fine 
properly. 

JoilNSON  AUGUSTUS,  furniture  dealer, 
res.  Elmwood,  was  born  in  Sweden,  in  1852,  and  emi- 
grated to  the  United  Slates  in  1S71,  and  located  in 
Brimfield  township.  From  theie  he  went  to  Stark 
county,  where  he  remained  a  short  time  then  returned 
to  Brimfield,  and  embarked  in  the  furniture  business 
on  his  own  account  and  making  it  a  success.  .Some 
time  later  moved  to  Elmwoo<l.  where  he  is  prosecuting 
the  same  business,  and  by  cli>se  application  to  business 
and  fair  dealing  is  building  up  a  fine  trade.  Was  mar- 
ried in  West  Jersey, Stark  county,  111.-., to  Miss  Elizabeth 
Swenk,  a  native  of  Stark  county.  By  this  niarri.ige 
there  is  one  chilil —  1-eo  D.,  born  /Xpril  Iq,  1879. 

JOHNSON  II.  B.  furniture  dealer,  res.  Elm- 
wood, son  of  Moses  C.  and  Martha  (Rounds)  Johnson, 
who  came  to  this  county  in  1848,  where  the  subject  of 
this  sketch  was  born  on  the  4th  day  of  May,  1852. 
Married  .Miss  Anna  H.,  daughter  of  Kev.  R.  N.  Morse, 
of  .Marshall  county.  Illinois.  She  was  burn  in  Wood- 
ford county,  Ills.,  February  26,  1854.  Have  two  chil- 
dren, C.  M.  and  G.  U.  Mr.  Johnson  commenced  his 
present  business  in  1877  ;  has  by  close  application  to 
busmcss  worked  up  an  enviable  trade  ;  carries  a  stock 
of  $2,uou  and  has  an  annual  trade  of  $7,000.  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Johnson  are  members  of  the  Congregational 
Church  of  Brimfield. 

JONi:S   W.   W.  incrch.nnt,  Abingdon.  111. 
Karne)   t<l.  laburrr.  I*,  u.  Klaiwuud. 


Keen  Tliomas,  carpenter.  P.  O.  Elmwood. 
Kelly  Jobn.  lalwrer.  P.  O  Elmwood. 

KELLOGG  W.M.  H.  second  son  of  Edward 
and  Jane  Hall  Kellogg,  who  had  a  family  of  three 
sons  and  three  daughters,  was  born  in  Berkshire 
county,  Mass..  July  31,  1830.  He  came  with  his 
parents  to  Elmwood.  Peoria  county.  111.,  in  1837,  and 
was  raised  on  a  farm  in  section  9-4.  in  Elmwood  town- 
ship, receiving  his  education  at  the  common  schools, 
except  about  one  year  spent  at  Galesburg  Academy. 
On  quitting  school  he  went  to  California,  in  1849,  and 
after  the  varied  fortunes  of  four  years,  returned  home 
in  1853.  and  in  March.  1854.  commenced  mercantile 
business  in  the  town  of  Elmwood.  and  continued  the 
same  till  Januaiy,  1859.  In  the  meantime,  November 
27,  1856,  he  was  married  to  Miss  Lavinia,  daughter  of 
A.  C.  anw  Aureli.i  Bartholomew,  of  Elmwood,  by 
whom  he  has  one  son  and  three  daughters,  all  living. 
In  June,  1S59,  Mr.  Kellogg  began  in  the  grain  and 
produce  shipping  at  Elmwood  station,  handling  grain 
very  extensively  and  doing  a  prosperous  and  successful 
business,  which  he  continued  till  1S65,  when  he  went 
to  Memphis,  Tenn.,  and  purchased  mills,  which  he 
operate<l  three  years,  and  still  owns.  In  l868  he  re- 
turned to  Elmwood,  and  in  1870,  re-engaged  in  his 
former  business  of  handling  grain.  Mr.  Kellogg  is  an 
active,  energetic  business  man,  and  has  accumulated  a 
comfortable  competence.  Inpolitics  hehas  always  been 
a  Republican.  In  the  memorable  campaign  of  1872,  he 
warmly  espoused  the  Liberal  cause,  and  did  all  he 
could  10  secure  the  election  of  that  most  eminent  Re- 
publican, Horace  Greeley.  He  has  never  sought  oflfice, 
although  he  has  been  a  member  of  the  town  council 
several  years.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Kellogg  are  among  the 
most  highly  respected  people  of  the  community  in 
which  they  live,  and  take  an  active  inierest  in  all 
movements  and  enterprises  tending  10  advance  the 
ini<ral  and  soci.il  welfare  of  the  place. 
KK."*I  I*    1  >  A  \  ID,  retired  farmer,  Elmwood. 

KvnmlU.  I'^il    fiiiimr.  P.O.  Rlmwood. 
Kfuuiih  Wm.  lalKiriT.  P.  I).  ElliiKiXid. 

KKHIC  Gi:0.  NKWKLL,    farmer,   .sec    aS. 

P.  t).  KInnvoinl.  w,->s  born  in  Madison  county.  Ohio,  on 

the  i6ih  day   of    March,  1S40;  was  the  son  of   Samuel 

.V.  and  .Mctha  Kerr,  of  Ohio.     Married  Miss  Susan  M. 

(.'■raliani ;  she  was  Ixirn  on  the  23rd  day  ol  April.  1838. 

The  fruit  of  this  marriage  is  five  children  ;    Alelha  E., 

born  February  4,  1865;    Lewis   G..  Iiorn  January   13. 

1866;    Josie  I),  born  January    17,    l868  ;    Susan    M., 

born  October  lo,  1870,  and  died  July  3o,  1871  ;    Peter 

B.,  born    August    23,   1 873.      Has   l6o  acret  of   land 

under  good  culiivalion  ;    valued  at  $10,000.     Mr.  Kerr 

had  three  brother*  in  the  Union  army. 

Kirsbnn  .lanipa.  f»rnnT.  P  IV  KIhiwikkI. 
Kiiii>«'.ir  A..  iiiir»«r)  iii.»ii.  I'  *'.  KIiiihwkI. 

KIGUTTINGKU  C.  U.  dealer  in  »lock,  tea. 


ELMWOOD   DIRECTORY. 


745 


Elmwood,  was  born  in  Crawford  ^county,  Pa.,  May  lo, 
1832;  came  to  this  county  in  1835.  Married  Miss 
Deliska,  daughter  of  H.  B.  Slayton ;  was  born  in 
Chautauqua  county,  N.  Y.,  in  1S43.  Two  children, 
Nettie  and  Edith.  In  June  l86l,  he  enlisted  in  the 
8th  Missouri  Infantry,  Company  G.,  and  served  three 
years.  Was  in  the  engagement  of  Fort  Donaldson ; 
then  went  by  river  to  Vicksburg.  and  up  the  Yazoo, 
where  they  were  in  a  four  days  fight ;  thence  to  Arkan- 
sas Post,  where  they  captured  7,000  prisoners  ;  thence 
to  Young's  Point,  opposite  Vicksburg,  and  were  em- 
ployed on  the  canal,  where  they  planted  mortars  and 
shelled  Vicksburg  for  two  weeks ;  thence  down  the 
river  to  Hurd,  crossed  the  river  and  went  lo  Vicks- 
burg, and  participated  in  the  siege  and  capture ; 
thence  to  Knoxville  and  relieved  Burnside ;  thence  to 
Memphis  where  they  encamped  for  the  Winter.  From 
there,  went  to  Chattanooga,  Missionary  Ridge,  Dallas, 
Resaca.  Big  Shanty,  Ga.  Their  time  having  expired, 
were  sent  to  St.  Louis,  and  were  mustered  out,  and 
arrived  home  on  the  8th  of  July,  1863.  He  afterwards 
went  in  as  a  substitute,  and  was  assigned  to  the  iilh 
I.  V.  I.;  was  in  several  engagements. 
Lapsley  Thos.  farmer.  P.  O.  Trivoli. 

LiAWRENCE  E.  M.  farmer,  P.  O.  Elmwood. 
Son  of  Geo.  P.  and  Phcebe  M.  (Butler)  Lawrence,  na- 
tives of  Coshocton  county,  O.,  who  immigrated  to  Peo- 
ria county  and  located  on  the  section  where  the  subject 
of  this  sketch  now  resides,  and  where  they  lived  until 
their  death.  Mr.  Lawrence  was  born  in  Coshocton 
county,  O.,  on  Jan.  1,  1836  ;  was  reared  on  a  farm  and 
educated  in  the  common  schools.  Married  Miss  Emma 
J.,  daughter  of  John  Green,  who  was  born  in  same 
county,  Feb.  24,  1842.  The  fruit  of  this  marriage  was 
four  girls  and  one  son.  Has  159  acres  of  land,  130 
acres  under  good  cultivation  and  well  supplied  with 
fruit :  valued  at  ■?8,ooo.  Has  an  orcliard  of  18  acres. 
Members  of  the  United  Brethren. 
LaydeD  Jotin.  laborer,  P.  O.  Elmwood. 

LEE  JAMES,  grain  and  stock  dealer,  res.  Elm- 
wood, is  the  son  of  John  and  Ann  (Pollilt)  Lee,  natives 
of  England.  Was  born  in  Lancashire,  Eng.,  April  i, 
1832,  and  educated  in  his  native  country.  Came  to  the 
U.  S.  in  1854.  landing  in  Philadelphia.  Penn.  Re- 
mained there  six  months  and  then  came  to  Elmwood, 
Peoria  county.  Married  Miss  Susannah,  daughter  of 
Richard  and  Margaret  Morris,  born  in  Wales  in  1S32. 
They  had  three  children,  two  living  :  Margaret  A.,  now 
Mrs.  S.  M.  Goddard,  born  May  14,  1855  ;  Mary  E., 
born  March  6,  1865.  In  1856  Mr.  Lee  embarked  in 
the  coal  business,  on  lands  owned  by  John  W.  Conklin, 
and  later  of  Thomas  Hurff  and  of  W.  J.  Phelps,  and 
furnished  coal  to  mills  and  to  the  country  around  in 
large  quantities.  In  1867,  took  into  co-partnership  W. 
J.  Phelps  and  son,  forming  the  firm  of  James  Lee  & 
53 


Co.,  and  sank  the  first  shaft  in  the  county.  This  was 
the  origin  of  the  Elmwood  Coal  Co.,  now  the  most  im- 
portant coal  works  in  Peoria  county.  Mr.  Lee  sank  all 
the  shafts  in  this  region,  and  had  the  superintendency  of 
them  till  the  22d  of  Feb.,  1872.  He  sold  out  his  in- 
terest to  W.J.  &  W.  E.  Phelps,  May  i,  1870,  they  pur- 
chasing on  condition  that  he  would  take  charge  of  the 
business,  which  he  did  up  to  Feb.  22,  1S72.  James 
Lee  &  Co.  also  carried  on  the  business  of  making 
pressed  brick  with  the  Gard  machine,  worked  by  steam 
power  and  making  from  18,000  to  25,000  per  day.  In 
1872,  March  4,  he  went  into  the  grocery  business,  con- 
tinuing it  successfully  until  Jan.  i,  1875,  when  he  en- 
gaged in  the  grain  and  stock  trade.  Has  the  only  ele- 
vator in  the  town,  which  has  a  capacity  of  60,000 
bushels ;  handles  about  200  car  loads  of  stock  yearly, 
and  owns  a  homestead  valued  at  $3,000  and  a  farm  in 
Ivnox  county  valued  at  $5,000;  value  of  elevator, 
^8,000.  He  is  president  of  the  town  board,  has  been 
trustee  for  several  terms,  and  is  also  trustee  of  schools. 

Leet  .Samuel  L.  farmer.  P.  O.  Elmwood. 
Lemastus  I.  farmer.  P.  O.  Elmwood. 
Lilly  M.  C.  blacksmitb,  P.  O.  Elmwood. 

LiOUAUtxH  JOHN  J.  physician  and  surgeon, 
res.  Elmwood,  was  born  July  27,  1829,  in  Latimore 
township,  Adams,  Pa.,  eighteen  miles  northeast  of 
Gettysburg.  His  father,  John  Lobaugh,  was  a  farmer, 
and  grandson  of  Peter  Lobaugh,  who  emigrated  from 
Germany  about  the  year  1740  and  settled  in  Berks 
county,  where  he  married  Helena  Pallio,  a  French  lady. 
The  subject  of  this  sketch  married  Miss  Mary  John,  of 
Welsh  extraction,  one  of  the  John  family  who  settled 
in  Chester  county  at  an  early  day.  Dr.  Lobaugh  was 
the  sixth  in  a  family  of  eight  children.  When  he  was 
three  years  old  his  father  removed  to  the  vicinity  of 
Newport,  Perry  county.  Pa.,  where  he  was  reared  on  a 
farm  and  attended  the  common  school.  In  1847  the 
family  removed  to  Peoiia  county,  and  settled  in  Logan 
township,  near  Smithville,  where  there  was  abundance 
of  hard  work  in  opening  up  a  farm.  The  son  inherited 
a  compact,  hardy,  physical  organization.  lie  read  with 
avidity  everything  he  could  get  hold  of,  and  laid  out  his 
money  chiefly  for  books  of  a  scientific  character.  In 
1S49  he  began  teaching  in  the  soulh  end  of  Kickapoo 
township,  and  afterwards  taught  a  long  time  in  Smith- 
ville, boarding  around  with  his  pupils.  In  1851,  he 
commenced  reatiing  medicine  with  Dr.  Chas.  Davis,  a 
homeopathic  physician  in  Heniy,  Marshall  county.  111., 
where  he  remained  two  years.  In  1853  entered  the 
office  of  Dr.  John  Evans,  of  Farmington,  III.,  where  he 
remained  two  years,  teaching  some  in  the  meantime  to 
support  himself,  and  attending  lectures  at  an  Eclectic 
college,  from  which  institution  he  holds  a  diploma.  In 
1854  he  began  practice  with  his  preceptor.  In  1855 
lie  set  up  for  himself  in  (ilenwood,  Knox  county.  111.  ; 
removed  in  June,    1856,    to    Elmwood,    where    he  has 


74G 


IlISTOUY  OF  PEOniA    COUNTY. 


since  resided.  In  March,  i860,  he  married  Miss  Sarah 
Cratty,  daughter  of  William  Cratty,  of  Elmwood,  who 
was  bom  May  17,  1S3S.  He  is  now  serving  his  fourth 
year  as  a  member  of  the  Board  of  Town  Trustees,  and 
eight  years  as  school  director.  He  is  a  member  ol  the 
Western  College  of  Homeopathy  and  of  the  Illinois 
Stale  Homeopathic  Society.  He  is  extremely  liberal  in 
his  views  and  sees  nuicli  good  in  all  the  different  sys- 
tems, and  uses  in  his  practice  whatever  he  deems  of 
service  in  curing  the  ills  of  suffering  humanity.  Repub- 
lican in  politics.  Mr.  L.  is  an  earnest  temperance 
man.  In  religion  he  is  a  Swedenborgian,  but  attends 
the  Congregational  Church,  of  which  his  wife  is  a  mem- 
ber. Seven  children  —  Arthur  C,  bom  Aug.  20,  1 862, 
died  Sept.  20.  1875;  Laura  Grace,  born  Oct.  12,  1865; 
Carrie  B.,  born  March  3,  1S68,  died  Mnrch  8,  1S70; 
Ernest  D.,  bom  April  26,  1871;  Bertha  May,  born  Feb. 
25.  1S73;  Florence  E.,  born  Dec.  21,  1875,  died  Dec. 
II,  1S77;  Lou,  born  Aug.  3,  187S. 

L.'jinljard  N.  J.,  laborer,  r.  O.  Elmwood. 
Mary  .M.  C.  farnifr.  I*,  o.  Elmwootl. 
Mitniiuck  N.  farnnT,  I'.  <>.  Kliiiwoo*!. 
M.itliiMoii  Joliii.  luhiirt-r,  r.  o.  Eliiiwoo<l. 
M,i:li<-ws  Slary  N.  I',  o.  fcllmwooil. 
Ma\^vfll  .lohu  eiiKlnoer,  P.  O.  Klniwood. 
M.iy  John,  r.irmer,  I*.  O.  KIruwootJ. 

McCANN  GEORGE  W.  farmer.  Sec.  27,  P. 
O.  Elmwood,  son  of  .Samuel  and  Susan  McCann,  natives 
of  Cayuga  county,  N.  Y. ;  immigrated  to  this  county  in 
1837,  and  remained  in  I'eoria  for  a  short  time ;  then 
moved  to  darkness  Grove  for  a  couple  of  years  ;  thence 
to  where  they  now  reside.  The  subject  of  this  sketch 
was  born  in  Cayuga  county,  N.  Y.,  on  the  5th  day  of 
March,  1837,  and  came  to  the  county  with  his  parents 
when  a  child,  where  he  received  a  common  school  edu- 
cation. In  1862  enlisted  in  the  77th  Regt.,  I.  V.  I., 
Col.  Grier.  The  principal  engagements  participated  in 
were,  Yazoo  Bottoms,  Arkansas  Post,  Vicksburg,  Port 
Gibson,  Champion  Hills,  Black  River  Ridge,  siege  and 
capture  of  Vicksburg,  and  others.  Married  Miss  Mi- 
nerva Eno,  daughter  of  Imle  Eno.  .She  w.is  born  in 
Cayuga  county,  N.  Y.,  Sept.  I,  1841  ;  two  children,  one 
died  in  infancy,  Ada  May,  born  April  28,  1877,  died 
July  30,  1879.  Has  100  acres  of  land  under  good  cul- 
tivation, valued  at  $7,000.  Mrs.  .McCann  is  a  member 
of  the  M.  E.  Church. 

McT'nnii  Will   fur r.  I".  O.  Klinwn<Hl. 

.MclhTulutl  .lolili.  latHtriT.  IV  (>.  Kllllwoo<l. 
Mrl>t'nii.ill  .M.  lutiuriT,  r.  <>.  KIihwixhI. 
McKBrlniKl  A.  .1..  farliiiT,  IV  o.  Klniwood. 
Mrciml)'  \    (ariii'T.  IV  i>.  KlniWixxl. 
.McMtllliT  W.  .1.  faniiiT,  IV  <i.  Furnilltirton. 
McNa>  Will.  II.  fariiit-r.  IV  ().  Klniwood. 
Mll<'«  K.  rvtlri-d  (arinrr.  IV  i'.  KlinKixMl. 

Mlllrrr.  W    tarniir.  IV  l».  Klmw I. 

Moiiiiock  Dim.  raniicr.  IV  o.  Kliiiwootl. 
.Moor**  Moiirix-.  farlntT,  IV  U.  Klinwood. 
Mo<>r«  T.  J.  rarliiiT,  I*.  O.  Itoiifflrld. 
Morpy  T.  K.  tfClri'd  farnuT,  JV  i>.  KIrawooii. 

MOKKIS  II.  J.  butcher,  res.  Elmwood,  son  of 
Henry  .ui'l  .\iin  Morris,  natives  of  England,  who  came 
to  the  United  States  in  1841,  and  located  in  I'eoria 
county,  where  the  subject  of  this  sketch  was  bom  on  the 


23d  day  of  May,  1S46.  Married  Miss  Sarah  Chapman. 
She  was  bom  in  the  same  county  on  the  llth  day  of 
.\ugust,  1845.  They  have  had  four  children,  two  of 
whom  are  living,  Clarence  and  Frank.  Enlisted  in 
l8<;4  in  the  8th  I.  V.  I.,  Co.  H,  under  Col.  Shuts  ;  was  at 
the  charge  and  capture  of  Ft.  Blakesley,  where  the  regi- 
ment lost  sixty  men  ;  thence  to  Mobile  and  Texas ; 
mustered  out  at  New  Orleans  ;  thence  back  to  this 
county,  where  he  followed  farming  until  1874,  when  he 
embarked  in  the  grocery  business  as  the  tirra  of  H.  J. 
Morris  &  Co.,  and  remained  in  the  same  business  until 
1877,  when  he  commenced  his  present  business.  Is  a 
member  of  the  A.  F.  &  A.  M.,«od  the  G.  A.  R. 

Meyer  John,  farmpr.  IV  o.  Klmwood. 
Murphy  J.  r.  r«*tlrrtl  fariDi-r.  IVO.  KImwood. 
Murray  S.  K.  TariiHT.  IV  41.  KliiiMnod. 
N'k'bersoii  John,  farmer.  IVO.   Klinwtiod. 

OLDFIELO  GEORGE  W.  machinist,  res. 
Elmwood  ;  was  born  in  Belleville,  Richland  county, 
Ohio,  May  21,  1842.  Was  the  son  of  Jonathan  Old- 
field,  one  of  the  pioneer  settlers  of  Ohio,  emigrated 
from  Orange  county.  N.  Y.,  to  Ohio,  in  1S08  :  settling 
on  Clear  Fork,  and  made  the  first  clearing  where 
Belleville  now  stands.  He  was  the  father  of  fourteen 
children,  all  of  whom  lived  to  adult  age.  The  subject 
of  this  sketch  was  the  oldest  of  four  sons,  of  his  father's 
third  wife,  whose  maiden  name  was  Esther  Andrews; 
he  was  reared  on  a  farm  until  fourteen  years  old,  when 
he  engaged  in  the  business  of  an  engineer  until  twenty, 
when  twenty-one  married  Miss  Mary  E.  Reves,  of 
Washington,  D.  C,  who  was  sixteen  years  of  age, 
when  twenty-two  enlisted  in  the  i7Sth  Ohio  Vol.  Inf. 
and  served  until  the  close  of  the  war,  then  removed  to 
Illinois,  and  settled  on  a  farm  near  Elmwood,  one  year. 
At  that  time  the  Elmwood  Machine  Works  haWng 
completed  their  new  building  he  obtained  a  situation 
as  machinist  and  continued  with  the  company  ever 
since  ;  the  last  ten  years  as  foreman.  In  1S74,  after 
four  years  illness,  .Mrs.  Oldfield  died,  leaving  three 
little  children — Parry,  aged  eight ;  Sadie,  six,  and 
Henry,  four  years.  Mr.  O.  married  Mrs.  Eliia- 
beth  Dickson  in  September,  1S7S.  She  was  the 
daughter  of  R.  M.  Grey,  of  Putnam  county,  N.  Y. 
Oldflpld  J.  fori-man  foundry,  r.  o.  Ktinwood. 
O'SIIEA  .MICII.VEL.  laborer.  Elmwood. 

(itto  Jarnti,  inrrrhaiiUatlor,  I',  o.  KIrawood. 
I'adf  Kllra.  hoanllni;  hou'iv  IV  l>.  Klinwood. 
I'MlItTAon  Will.  A.  rainior,  IV  U.  Kllnwooil. 

IMIEMVS  >VILL[.VM  E.  Hon.  eldest  son  of 
W.  J.  I'hclps  and  Olivia  H.  Johnson  ;  was  Iwrn  October 
I).  183s,  on  the  family  homestead  where  he  now  residev 
At  the  age  of  fourteen  he  commenced  his  education  in 
a  private  school  in  the  village  of  Farminglon  five  mile* 
distant,  going  and  returning  daily  on  horseback.  His 
Summers  were  »]>ent  at  work  on  the  farm.  He  broke 
a  large  part  of  the  prairie  where  the  village  of  Elm- 
wood now  (lands.     He  graduated  from    Knox  College 


ELMWOOD. 


ELMWOOD  DIRECTORY. 


747 


at  twenty-one,  and  again  engaged  in  the  business  of 
the  farm.  Already  Mr.  Phelps  took  a  lively  interest  in 
the  political  questions  of  the  day  and  was  frequently 
called  on  to  address  local  gatherings.  He  was  from 
the  first  a  Republican,  having  returned  home  while  in 
college  to  cast  his  first  vote  for  John  C.  Fremont.  On 
the  breaking  out  of  the  rebellion,  he  was  active  in 
raising  and  equipping  the  first  company  that  Elmwood 
put  into  the  service,  and  had  lie  followed  his  own  in- 
clination would  have  gone  with  them.  He  yielded,  how- 
ever, to  the  representations  of  many  friends  that  his 
duty  lay  clearly  at  home.  Mr.  Phelps  addressed  numer- 
ous war  meetings  and  assisted  in  recruiting  four  or 
five  companies  and  parts  of  companies.  In  November, 
1862,  he  was  appointed  United  States  Consul  to  St. 
Petersburg,  Russia,  which  position  he  filled  for  three 
years.  May  17,  1S64,  while  at  home  on  leave  of  ab- 
sence he  was  married  to  Miss  Ellen  A.  Wiley,  with 
whom  he  started  at  once  on  the  return  journey  to  St. 
Petersburg.  While  here  Mr.  Phelps  discovered  that 
negotiations  were  in  progress  for  the  purchase  of  a 
steamer  then  in  Cronstadt  harbor  for  a  blockade 
runner.  He  immediately  secured  the  services  of  an 
able  Russian  broker  through  whom  he  obtained  ac- 
curate information  of  the  whole  transaction  in- 
cluding a  careful  description  of  the  vessel.  This 
was  forwarded  by  the  Navy  Department  to  the 
Admiral  commanding  the  blockade  stiuadion,  who  cap- 
tured the  vessel  on  her  first  voyage.  Mr,  Phelps  secured 
numerous  complimentary  letters  from  Secretary  Seward 
recognizing  special  services.  In  1865  he  resigned,  and 
came  home,  and  has  since  resided  on  the  old  homestead, 
engaged  in  farming,  mining  and  manufacturing.  In 
1868,  after  a  hotly  contested  campaign,  during  which 
he  addressed  meetings  in  every  township  in  Peoria  and 
Stark  counties  he  was  chosen  Representative  to  the 
Legislature.  He  served  as  chairman  of  the  Committee 
on  Education,  and  was  also  a  member  of  the  Canal 
Committee,  in  both  of  which  positions  he  was  regarded 
as  an  able  and  efficient  worker.  Since  that  time  Mr. 
Phelps'  business  affairs  have  demanded  so  much  of  his 
time  that  he  has  positively  declined  to  be  a  candidate 
for  any  office,  although  repeatedly  solicited  to  do  so  by 
the  leading  Republican  influences  in  the  county.  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  Phelps  have  had  five  children,  four  living. 
William  Joshua,  now  thirteen  years  old,  Margaret  Wiley 
ten,  Mary  Violet,  eight,  Edwin  (Lynd,  died  in  infancy,) 
and  James  Wiley  two  years  did. 

PHELPS  W3I.  J.  Hon.  Sec.  iS.P.O.  Elmwood. 
The  subject  of  this  biograpliy  belongs  to  a  very  ancient 
family.  Their  genealogy  in  England  being  traced  back 
to  the  time  of  William  the  Conqueror.  William  Phelps 
of  Parlock,  England,  was  the  first  paternal  ancestor  in 
America.  He  emigrated  to  New  England  in  1630  and 
settled  at   Dorchester,  near  Boston.     On   the   I5lh  of 


October,  1635,  he  set  out  with  his  family  and  about  sixty 
others  for  the  valley  of  the  Connecticut,  the  compass 
being  their  only  guide,  and  settled  at  Windsor,  Con- 
necticut. He  was  a  member  of  the  first  Court  (Legis- 
lature), held  in  Connecticut,  in  1636,  also  in  1637  ;  was 
magistrate  from  163S  till  the  close  of  1642.  Held  many 
important  offices  from  that  period  till  1663,  and  was 
truly  a  pillar  in  both  church  and  State.  The  genealogy 
from  William  Phelps  is  as  follows :  Timothy,  fifth  son 
of  William  and  Mary  (Dover)  Phelps,  was  born  in 
Windsor,  Conn.,  Sept.  i,  1639  ;  Samuel,  sixth  son  of 
Timothy  Phelps,  born  Jan.  2g,  1675  ;  Joshua,  son  of 
Samuel  Phelps,  born  Oct.  13,  1729;  Joshua,  son  of 
Joshua  Phelps,  born  Aug.  29,  1762  ;  William  Joshua 
Phelps,  the  subject  of  this  record  is  the  son  of  the  last 
mentioned,  was  born  at  Burlington,  Conn.,  March  2, 
iSoS,  He  was  bred  a  farmer  and  educated  at  the  com- 
mon schools  and  academy  of  his  native  State.  At  the 
age  of  twenty-one  he  began  to  spend  his  winters  travel- 
ing on  business,  mostly  in  the  Middle,  Southern,  and 
Western  States,  and  returning  home  to  spend  the  sum- 
mers. During  these  trips  he  decided  to  settle  in  the 
West.  He  was  married  in  Hurwinton  Conn.,  on  the 
loth  of  September,  1834,  to  Miss  Olivia  B.,  daughter 
of  Benoni  and  Abigal  Johnson,  and  immediately  depart- 
ed with  his  young  wife  to  Illinois.  They  arrived  at 
Peoria  after  a  three  weeks'  trip  by  steamboat, 
canal  and  stage  on  the  30th  of  September,  1834. 
The  next  day  Mr.  Phelps,  leaving  his  wife  in  Peoria, 
started  on  an  Indian  trail  to  the  vicinity  of  his  present 
home.  He  purchased  the  pre-emption  right  of  a  settler, 
who  had  previously  erected  a  rude  log  cabin.  Re- 
moved his  wife  to  it,  and  in  this  he  lived  about  six 
years,  when  his  present  residence  was  erected,  which 
has  since  been  enlarged  and  furnished  with  the  com- 
forts and  elegancies  of  a  modern  home.  Additions 
were  made  to  the  quarter-section  first  purchased,  till  at 
present  Mr.  Phelps  has  about  two  thousand  acres  of 
rich  and  beautiful  land,  and  one  of  the  finest  timber 
tracts  in  this  part  of  the  country.  This  valuable  estate 
is  intersected  by  the  Peoria  branch  of  the  Chicago, 
Burlington  &  Quincy  R.  R.,  and  is  rich  in  coal  deposits, 
one  of  which  has  an  important  shaft  in  successful  oper- 
ation, with  a  side  track  from  the  main  line  of  the 
railroad  running  to  it ;  making  the  facilities  for  supply, 
ing  the  markets  as  abundant  and  advantageous  as  those 
of  any  coal  region  in  Illinois.  It  was  mainly  through 
Mr.  Phelps'  untiring  efforts  in  the  County  and  Legis- 
lature that  these  roads  were  located  and  built,  which 
have  contributed  so  largely  to  develope  the  material 
and  social  interests  of  Elmwood  and  vicinity.  When 
I  he  first  branch  was  built,  he  donated  the  right  ol 
way  and  the  land  for  the  depots.  The  township  in 
which  their  new  house  was  located,  was  not  laid  out  for 
some  years  and  their  nearest  post  oiHce  was  Peoria  or 


748 


IIItjTOUV   (IF   I'EOUI.V   COUNTY. 


Canton,  though  a  little  later  an  office  was  established  at 
Farmington,  Fulton  county.  They  Jesired  that  their 
home  should  be  designated  by  some  appropriate  cogno- 
men, and  named  it  Elmwood,  from  the  beautiful 
grove  of  elms  near  their  dwelling.  Thus  Mr.  Phelps' 
home  became  noted  long  before  either  the  township  or 
village  was  named.  Having  succeeded  in  getting  an 
extension  of  the  mail  route  to  his  place,  he  became  post- 
master, the  office  being  named  Elmwood.  Subsequently 
the  township,  then  the  village  and  railroad  station  took 
the  same  name.  Mr.  I'helps  owned  the  land  on  which 
Elmwood  is  built,  and  laid  out  the  place  in  1854.  He 
declined  to  sell  lots  to  persons  who  would  erect  build- 
ings fur  saloons,  or  other  immoral  purposes,  and  offered 
special  inducements  to  the  best  elements  of  society  to 
come  an. I  settle  there.  Thus  the  young  town  got  well 
started  and  was  the  legitimate  offspring  of  a  high  and 
noble  purpose  on  the  part  of  the  founder.  Mr.  I'helps 
has  been  possessed  of  a  vigorous  constitution,  embrac- 
ing a  happy  combination  of  the  temperaments,  render- 
ing him  energetic  and  thorough  going  in  whatever  he 
engaged  in,  laying  large  plans  and  evincing  extraordin- 
ary ability  to  execute  them.  Is  a  clear  vigorous  thinker, 
and  a  jovial,  affable  and  generous  companion  ;  but  is 
firm  and  independent  in  his  own  opinions.  Is  a 
staunch  Republican,  and  a  consistent  member 
of  the  Conjjregational  Church.  He  was  elected  jus- 
tice of  the  peace  in  1S35,  county  commissioner  in  1S36, 
and  wxs  chosen  representative  lo  the  legislature  in  1840. 
In  the  several  positions  he  discharged  the  responsibili- 
ties of  his  office  with  marked  ability.  Though  always 
taking  a  lively  interest  in  politics,  and  possessing  a  good 
knowledge  of  the  science  of  good  government,  he  has 
devoted  his  sole  attention  to  his  large  private  bu.siness, 
chief  of  which  is  the  management  of  his  large  farm,  one 
mile  south  of  the  public  scjuare,  and  the  coal  mining 
interest.  He  is  one  who  has  always  acted  upon  the 
belief  that  it  is  belter  to  wear  out  than  to  rust  out.  Mr. 
I'helps  lived  happily  with  the  wife  of  his  early  choice 
till  the  17th  of  February,  1873,  when  Mrs.  Phelps 
departed  this  life,  in  the  sixty-ninth  year  of  her  age. 
She  was  a  woman  admired  and  loved  for  her  many 
excellent  qualities  and  Christian  virtues.  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
I',  had  three  children,  one  of  whom  died  in  infancy. 
Their  two  .sons  living  are  Hon.  \Vm.  E.  I'helps  and 
Augustus  .S.  J.  Phelps  Esq.,  in  the  practice  of  the  law  at 
Elmwoo<l. 

riiflpn  A.  S.  ^.  Iftwyfr,  1*.  O.  RImwoiHl. 
I'hilliuwt'r  A.  rar|MMiliT.  I*.  (>.  KIi|)Wi)4m1. 
I'lfff  w.  .s.  iiii?r<'liiiiii.  t".  <>.  l-:iiiiw<NHl. 
I'ri'M'Mli  K    iiirii'hsnt.  I'.  <>.  Klini>>N„l. 
I'rix'lur  .Iniiu'i.  fnrliiiT.  1*.  <).  KIimwixkI. 

I'LI^SirKK  GKOKGK  II.  (deceased)  farmer, 
P.  O.  Koaclield,  wa>  born  in  Kockingham,  Vermont. 
Sept.  29,  1807.  where  he  was  reared  on  a  farm  and 
rcceivcil  a  coninioii  M.'lit)ol  cilucation.  When  twenty- 
one  years  of  age  went  to  Penn.,  where  he  followed  |>ed- 


dling  for  nine  years;  then  came  to  Illinois  in  1S39. 
Married  Miss  Abigal  Hosworth,  daughter  of  Truman 
Bosworth.  She  was  bom  in  Clinton  county,  New  York, 
June  7,  1817.  The  fruit  of  this  marriage  was  six  chil- 
dren—  Laura  O.,  bom  August  25.  1S43,  Lucia  A., 
born  May  20,  1845.  Eliza  Jane,  bora  November  6, 
1S49.  Ered.  B.,  born  July  22,  1851,  Isabell,  born  Sep- 
tember 30,  1853,  Ethel  May,  bom  April  8.  1855.  Mr. 
Pulsifcr  was  a  member  of  the  New  Church.  Died  June 
II,  1861. 
Pulslfer  Mrs.  farmer.  P.  O.  Elmwood. 

PUTXAM  JAMES,  proprietor  Elmwood 
House,  Elmwood. 

RAMSEY  ROBERT,  retired  fanner,  resi- 
dence Elmwood.  was  born  in  lirook,  West  Virginia,  on 
the  23d  day  of  March,  1804;  was  reared  on  a  farai 
until  he  was  siiileen  years  old,  and  received  a  primitive 
education.  The  fall  he  was  seventeen  years  old  went 
to  New  Orleans  with  the  products  of  the  farm.  The 
next  season  came  back  to  the  farm,  and  farmed,  and 
Winters  made  trips  to  New  Orleans,  until  182S.  Then 
married  Miss  Jane  Cleland.  She  was  bom  in  Ireland, 
and  came  to  this  country  when  a  child.  She  died  Feb- 
ruary Ig,  1830,  leaving  an  infant  four  days  old.  Then 
returned  to  the  river  and  remained  until  1S34,  when  he 
married  Miss  Cornelia  bhaw,  daughter  of  William 
.Shaw.  She  was  born  in  Chenango  county.  New  York, 
December  20, 1811.  The  fruit  of  this  marriage  was  one 
son  and  four  daughters,  three  of  which  are  still  living. 
Emigrated  from  West  Virginia  to  Jefferson  county, 
Ohio,  in  1S34,  and  engaged  in  the  milling  business,  and 
in  1S52  came  to  Illinois  and  located  in  Brimfield  town- 
ship and  followed  farming  until  1867,  when  he  canie  to 
the  beautiful  town  of  Elmwood. 
ItiCEO  tj.   B.   harnessinaker,  Elmwood. 

1£EGA_N  JOHN,  editor  ElmuwJ  Meisengn, 
IClmwood. 

KcRjiii  J.  1'.  prliitrr.  J'.  O.  KlniworNl. 
Kirharitiwiii  lifu.  rariiu*r.  1'.  O.  Klinwnod. 
KlrliarU^oii  1.  rarpt- iil«T,  I'.  11.  Kliiiwood. 
Itl<-lilliyrtl  Geo.  rariiuT.  1*.  (1.  Klinwood. 
Kllei   Tlluutb),  lal>ori-r,  r.  U.  Klinnood. 

ROBERTS  A.  H.  stock  dealer,  Elmwood. 
UurklialUJ.  W.  car|>ciiU*r,  1'.  (>.  Klinwood. 

RODMAN  J.  M.  hardware  and  stove  mer- 
chant, ICllnwood. 

RO<iERS  HENRY  1*.  lumber  merchant, 
res.  Elmwood,  was  bom  July  lb,  1826,  at  lirockport. 
Monroe  county,  N.  Y. ;  one  of  ten  children,  eight  of 
whom  are  now  living.  His  parents  settled  in  Trivoli 
townshi]!,  Peoria  county,  in  July,  1S38.  His  father  died 
at  his  home  in  the  village  of  Elmwood,  Dec.  15,  1871, 
in  the  87th  year  of  his  age.  His  mother  is  now  living 
at  her  home  in  Elmwood  in  her  Sist  year,  loved  and 
respected  by  all.  Henry  I'.  Kogers  is  one  of  a  large 
family,  and  in  connection  ttf  whom  it  can  be  said,  in 
character  and  worth,  they  stand  tecond  to  none. 


""^^^^^I^,^^ 


ELMWOOD. 


ELMWOOD   DIRECTORY. 


J49 


The  lumber  interests  of  the  county  comprises  one  of 
its  most  important  features,  and  its  growth  and  devel- 
opment are  synonymous  with  the  various  improvements 
that  are  in  progress.  And  as  regards  Elmwood  and 
vicinity  this  particular  interest  is  well  represented  in 
the  establishment  and  yard  of  H.  P.  Rogers,  through 
whose  energy  the  business  has  been  brought  up  to  a 
point  which,  in  importance,  is  not  inferior  to  any  indus- 
try or  enterprise  in  the  place.  Mr.  R.  has  been  iden- 
tified with  the  lumber  trade  here  for  the  last  fourteen 
years,  and  is  among  the  earliest  settlers  of  the  county. 
His  yard  is  conveniently  located,  and  is  well  stocked 
with  hard  and  soft  wood  lumber  of  all  kinds,  together 
with  builders'  material  of  every  description,  embracing 
paints,  oils,  sash,  doors,  blinds,  etc. 
ROSE  J.  J.  mechanic,  Elmwood. 
ROWLAND  E.  retired  farmer,  Elmwood. 
Rimlen  J.  farmer.  P.  O.  Elmwood. 

RYAJf  WILLIAM  D.  carpenter,  Elmwood. 

SCHEXCK  HENRY,  farmer.  Sec.  6,  P.  O. 
Elmwood,  son  of  Peter  and  Catharine  Schenck,  natives 
of  Ohio.  Father  born  May  3,  iSoi,  mother  in  iSoo  : 
father  still  living  in  Butler  county,  Ohio,  at  the  age  of 
79  years  ;  mother  died  in  1858.  Henry  was  born  in 
Butler  county,  Ohio,  on  the  14th  day  of  December, 
1835  ;  was  bred  a  farmer  and  educated  in  the  district 
school ,  came  to  Peoria  county  in  1S64  and  located  on 
the  place  where  he  now  resides.  Married  Miss  Maria 
C,  daughter  of  David  Kemp,  of  Elmwood.  She  was 
bom  in  Butler  county.  O.,  Oct.  15,  1841,  and  died  Dec. 
27,  1869.  He  married  Susan  Snyder,  widow  of  Jacob 
A.  Snyder,  born  in  Butler  county,  O.,  Jan.  2g,  1S37. 
By  this  marriage  resulted,  two  boys  and  one  girl, 
Ebert,  born  Aug.  18.  1871  (died  July  31,  1S72);  Harry, 
born  Oct.  28,  1872  ;  Edna,  born  February  5,  1S77.  Has 
210  acres  of  land  one  mile  north  of  the  city  of  Elm- 
wood, beautifully  located,  and  valued  at  $20,000. 
SCHENCK  W.  L.  Mrs.  Elmwood. 

SECORD  JAMES  K.  physician  and  surgeon, 
res.  Elmwood,  Was  born  in  Lincoln  Co.,  Canada, 
July  15,  1835,  and  worked  on  a  farm  till  eighteen  years 
of  age.  Then  learned  the  trade  of  house  and  sign  paint- 
ing. Worked  at  it  until  1859,  then  commenced  the 
study  of  medicine  and  surgery,  attending  lectures  at 
Rush  Medical  College,  Chicago,  from  which  he  grad- 
uated. Was  a  volunteer  under  Gen.  Walker,  the  one- 
eyed  man  of  destiny, went  to  Central  America,  was  taken 
piisoner,  and  returned  with  a  number  of  others  who 
were  taken  at  the  same  time.  Located  in  Yates  City, 
111.,  for  the  practice  of  medicine,  March,  1862.  Enlisted 
in  Co.  F.  77th  I.  V.  I.,  Sept.  1862,  for  three  years  or 
during  the  war.  Served  three  years  having  been  pro- 
moted to  the  Captaincy  of  the  company.  Was  with 
Gen.  Grant  at  the  siege  and  capture  of  Vicksburg,  and 
Jackson,  Miss.,  under  Gen.  Sherman.  Then  transferred 


to  the  department  of  the  Gulf  under  Gen.  N  P.  Banks. 
Was  at  the  battle  of  Sabine  Cross  Roa'ls,  where  Gen. 
Banks  was  defeated  by  Gen.  Dick  Taylor.  Was  mus- 
tered out  of  service  by  reason  of  expiration  of  term, 
July  1865.  Married  Mis';  Mary  Carlton  Sept.  18,  1865. 
Have  had  four  children,  two  living,  Maud  and  Norman. 
Located  in  Elmwood  for  the  practice  of  medicine,  but 
having  poor  health,  due  to  the  hardships  and  exposures 
of  army  life,  removed  to  Texas  in  1869;  receiving  no 
benefit  returned  to  Elmwood.  Thence  to  California 
for  health,  but  not  experiencing  much  relief  returned 
to  Elmwood,  where  he  has  since  remained,  having  a 
good  practice. 

Settzer  J.  farmer,  P.  O.  Elmwood. 
Shearer  G.  G.  laborer,  P.  o.  Elmwood. 
.Shlpter  H.  farmer,  P.  O.  TrlvoU. 
Sl.iyton  C.  farmer,  P.  <>.  Elmwood. 
.Sluyton  H.  B.  carpenter.  P.  O.  Elmwood. 

SLAYTON  H.  B.  retired,  res.  Elmwood.  Was 
born  in  Woodstock,  Windsor  county,  Vt.,  on  the  i6th 
day  of  September,  1807,  was  raised  on  a  farm  and  at- 
tended the  district  school.  When  eight  years  old, 
went  with  his  father  to  Genesee  county,  N.  Y.,  and 
remained  five  years ;  thence  to  Morgan  county.  At 
the  age  of  seventeen  years,  he  went  to  Chautauqua 
county,  N.  Y.,  where  he  married  Miss  Eunice  Chand- 
ler. She  was  born  in  the  samecounly,  March  10,  1814; 
she  died  in  1851,  leaving  four  children.  He  married 
Electa  Norton,  who  was  born  in  Brattleboro,  Vt., 
April  Ig,  iSii.  This  marriage  resulted  in  one  son 
and  one  daughter.  In  1853,  settled  in  Knox  county, 
111.,  three  years  ;  thence  to  this  county,  where  he  has 
remained  since. 

SLOAN  W.  T.  M.  D.,  druggist,  P.  O.  Elmwood 
The  subject  of  this  sketch  is  the  son  of  John  and  Sebina 
Sloan,  who  were  natives  of  Pennsylvania.  His  father 
died  in  1855,  and  his  mother  —  now  Mrs.  Johnson  — 
is  a  resident  of  McLean  Co.,  111.  He  commenced  the 
study  of  medicine  under  Dr.  W.  A.  Baker,  of  Reids- 
burg.  Pa,,  in  1868.  In  1870  he  attended  lectures  at 
the  medical  college  of  Cleveland,  O.,  and  during  the 
years  1871  and  1S72,  practiced  medicine  in  Jefferson 
Co.,  Pa.  He  attended  lectures  at  Bellevue  Medical  Col- 
lege, New  York  city,  in  1873,  and  in  the  Spring  of  the 
following  year  graduated,  and  moved  to  Elmwood, 
Peoria  Co.,  where  he  has  since  resided  and  practiced. 
He  has  acquired  a  good  share  of  the  medical  practice 
of  the  town  and  surrounding  country,  and  in  1879  added 
the  business  of  druggist  and  apothecary.  He  married 
in  September,  1875,  Miss  Bertha  Vandervoort,  who  was 
horn  in  Canada  in  1857,  and  by  whom  he  has  one  child, 
Eleanor,  born  in  June  1877. 

SMITH  D.  H.  stonecutter,  res.  Elmwood;  was 
born  in  Kickapoo  tpwnship,  Jan.  27, 1845,  and  in  1867 
went  to  Columbus,  Ohio,  and  learned  his  trade,  where 
he  married  Miss  Bell  Vance  in  1872.  She  was  born  in 
Ohio  in  1853.     Have  four  children,  Nellie,  Dassie  B., 


r.50 


HISTORY   OF   PEORIA    COUNTV. 


and  Edson  C.  and  Leroy.  Came  back  to  Illinois  in 
1875,  and  followed  farming  one  year.  Then  removed 
to  Elmwood  and  has  been  engaged  at  his  trade  since. 
Enlisted  in  the  I4lh  III.  Cav.,  Co.  M.,  Feb.  1864,  was 
in  all  the  engagements  of  the  company  up  to  the  lime 
of  Sloneraan's  raid,  in  which  he  participated,  and  was 
taken  prisoner.  He  and  others  were  taken  to  .\tlanta 
Ga.,  by  Graham  scouts  and  from  there  was  sent  to 
Andersonville,  where  all  his  clothes  and  everything  of 
value  were  taken.  Their  food  consisted  of  a  small  piece 
of  corn  bread,  and  a  mouthful  of  meat.  After  being 
confined  three  months  there  was  sent  to  Millan,  Ga. 
Thence  to  Savannah,  Ga.,  were  five  days  and  nights 
without  a  mouthful  to  eat,  and  was  shortly  afterwards 
paroled,  got  a  furlough  and  came  home. 
Smith  F.  .S.  eiiKlnccr,  I',  o.  Eliowood. 

SMITH  GEOKGE  S.  livery  and  sale  stable, 
res.  Elmwood,  was  born  in  Peoria  county  on  the  23d 
day  of  October,  1S43.  His  father  was  one  of  the  ear- 
liest settlers  in  the  county,  coming  in  1831-32,  and  lo- 
cated  in  this  township,  where  he  has  resided  since,  and 
raised  a  family  of  four  boys  and  three  girls.  The  sub- 
ject of  this  sketch  married  Lucy,  daughter  of  Joel 
Blakesly,  who  was  born  in  Elmwood  township.  January, 
1847.     They  have  two  children  —  a  boy  and  a  girl. 

SMITH  J.  M.  Sec.  4,  retired  farmer,  P.O.  Elm- 
wood. 

Smith  U  retired  fanner.  P.  O.  Klmwntxl. 
Bmltb  Luther,  cjirpvnter,  P.O.  Klmwf>o<l. 

SPAXGI..EII  C.   W.  grain  and  lumber  dealer. 

Elmwood.  makes  a  specialty  of  buying  and  shipping 

grain,  stock,  etc. 

SprtnR  J.  II.  furiner.  P.  O.  EIdiwooU. 
SUlker  A,  f.iriner.  P.  ().  Klniwuod. 

STALKER  WILLIAM,  farmer  and  stock 
raiser,  P.  O.  Elmwood.  was  born  on  the  Isle  of  Man, 
on  the  3d  day  of  .September.  1827,  and  received  a  com- 
mon school  education  in  his  native  place.  Immigrated 
tothe  United  States  in  June.  1845.  landing  in  New  York 
city.  Mr.  S.  engaged  in  public  works  soon  after  ar- 
riving, contracting  and  building  railroads  and  canals, 
having  been  a  contractor  on  the  Illinois  canal,  .ind  also 
worked  on  the  Erie.  In  the  year  1856,  he  located  in 
lirimfield  township,  remaining  there  nine  years ;  then 
came  to  Elmwood.  In  the  year  1852,  he  married  Miss 
Ann.  daughter  of  William  Corlett,  born  in  March,  1827. 
Five  children  bless  this  union  —  \Vm.  H.,  John  J.,  Kc- 
na,  Hattie  and  Jennie,  Mr.  S.  has  held  several  local 
offices.  They  are  members  of  the  Episcopalian  Church. 
Has  230  acres  of  land  under  good  cultivation,  valueilat 
$13,000. 

STEVENS  AMOS,  retired  fanner,  res.  Elm- 
wooil,  son  of  Job  and  Eliiabelh  (Cha.sc)  Stevens,  wa« 
born  in  I'lainficld,  N.  H.,  on  the  31st  day  of  May,  1803, 
was  reared  on  a  farm  and  educated  in  his  native  town. 
When  twenty  years  old  he  went  to  Virginia  at  teacher, 


and  remained  there  six  years  ;  thence  to  Louisiana,  fol- 
lowing the  same  occupation,  and  in  1S33  came  to  Peo- 
ria, where  he  arrived  in  July.  Immediately  after  ob- 
tained a  preSmption  on  the  Kickapoo  fork  of  160  acres, 
on  which  be  remained  two  years.  (Was  the  first  settler 
in  Rosefield  township,  budt  the  first  log  cabin,  and 
broke  the  first  prairie.)  When  his  brother  purchased 
his  claim  at  the  end  of  two  years,  went  to  Peoria  and 
followed  clerking,  and  acted  as  deputy  postmaster.  In 
November,  1S36,  he  married  Miss  Elizabeth,  daughter 
of  George  Morrow,  of  Sussex  county,  N.  J.,  who  was 
born  there  August  8,  1815.  One  child  —  George  M., 
bom  July  25,  1S37.  Mrs.  S.  died  August  13,  1S38.  He 
married,  for  his  second  wife.  Miss  Sarah  V.,  daughter  of 
Deacon  Zcnas  Hotchkiss,  who  was  born  in  Burlington, 
Conn.,  July  14,  1810.  Three  children  blessed  this  union 
—  Mary  V.,  Sarah  E.  P.  and  Ellen  L.  Mr.  S.  came  to 
Elmwood  in  1856,  where  he  is  living  a  retired  life. 
Stewart  J.  U.  retired  merchant,  P.  O.  Elmwood. 

TAYLOR  ISAAC,  farmer.  Sec.  15.  P.  O. 
Elmwood,  was  born  in  Coshocton  county,  Ohio,  Janu- 
ary 4,  1S30.  In  December,  1849.  married  Miss  Elisa- 
beth Thrush  ;  she  was  bom  in  Coshocton  county,  Ohio, 
in  1S32.  They  have  five  children:  Eliza  Jane,  now 
Mrs.  P'rederick  Anderson  ;  Mary  Elizabeth,  now  Mrs. 
Fred.  Pulsifer;  Lavina  H.,  now  Mrs.  Joseph  Mettler; 
John  F.,  and  Jennie.  Mr.  Taylor  owns  200  acres  of 
land,  120  under  cultivation  ;  valued  at  $io,ooa  En- 
listed in  the  31st  I.  V.  I.  Company  D,  in  1864,  aod 
was  with  .Sherman  on  his  march  to  the  sea. 
TAYLOR  .TAMES,  clerk.  Elmwood. 

Ta>  lor  fanner,  I*.  O.  Klinwood. 

THATCHER  WILLIAM,  harnessmaker.  P. 

O.  Trivoli. 

TItrew  Wm.  fiirmor.  p.  <>.  Elniwiiod. 
Thurston  liiAar,  farmer,  p.  O.  KIniwood. 

TR.VCY,  T.  H.  &  CO.  In  the  Fall  of  1853, 
Mr.  Tracy  came  to  the  beautiful  town  of  Elmwood 
and  built  what  is  known  as  No.  I  Lincoln  Ulock,  a 
two-story  brick — the  first  brick  in  the  town— and  en- 
gaged in  the  dry  goods  business.  There  are  certain 
leading  features  in  the  business  interest  of  all  commu- 
nities, and  certain  elements  that  lead  to  pros|<erily  and 
success,  and  fill  wants  and  requirements  of  the  general 
public.  Mr.  Tracy  has  these.  His  stock,  which  is  one 
of  the  very  largest  in  the  pl.ice,  is  complete  in  all  its 
various  departments.  The  apartments  and  arrange- 
ments of  the  store  arc  first-class.  U|>on  the  main 
floor  or  salesroom,  dry  goo<ls  and  notions  are  seen  in 
great  variety.  In  the  basement  is  the  car]>et  depart- 
ment, with  an  extensive  line.  On  the  second  floor  is 
as  complete  a  clothing  store  as  any  one  wUI  find  in 
any  province  town  in  the  .State.  The  firm,  which  com- 
prises T.  H.  Tracy  &  Co.,  wa,s  established  .iliout  twenty- 
seven    years  ago,  and  A.  L.   Tracy,   ihc   founder,    has 


Er.nnvoon  dikectory. 


751 


been  continuously  identified  with  it.     It  is  the  pioneer 

establishment  in  Elmwood,  and  among  the  earliest  in 

Peoria  county.     The   sales   of    the   house   amount   to 

$40,000  a  year.     Mr.  Tracy  has  also  a   nursery  east  of 

town  of  thirty  to  forty  acres,  the  receipts  of  which  are 

about  $S,ooo  per  year ;   ships  his  trees  to  all   parts  of 

the  Northwest. 

TRACY  HAKL.AX  P.  banker.  Elmwood. 

Trert  Cha.s.  fanner.  P.  O.  Elmwood. 
Trickier  W.  Banh'ner.  p.  ().  Elmwood. 

TROTH  JOHN,  farmer,  Sec.  2,  P.  O.  Elm- 
wood, was  born  in  Highland  county.  Pa.,  on  the  14th 
day  of  January,  1813,  reared  on  a  farm  and  attended 
the  district  school.  He  married  Phoebe,  daughter  of 
John  Beoans,  and  born  in  Pennsylvania,  on  the  igtn 
day  of  August,  18 13.  They  had  ten  children,  nine 
still  living:  Lovena  A.,  born  June  5,  1833;  Elizabeth, 
born  March  30,  1835,  died  May  4,  1836;  Wm.  J.,  born 
May  2,  1837;  .\Ibert  G.,  born  May3i,  1S39;  Josiah, 
born  June  23,  1841  ;  Isaac,  born  April  14,  1843  ;  Jas- 
per N.,  born  M.-iy  17.  1845  ;  Huldah,  born  August  21, 
1S4S  ;  Sarah  I.,  born  July  9,  1S50  ;  Oliver,  born  Febru- 
ary 24,  1853.  Has  eighty  acres  of  land,  sixty  acres 
under  good  cultivation  ;  valued  at  $5,000.  Came  to 
Peoria  county  in  1842;  came  from  Peoria  with  his 
family,  on  foot,  to  this  place  ;  erected  a  log  cabin,  in 
which  they  lived  eighteen  months,  then  built  a  frame 
building,  where  they  still  reside. 
TROTH  JOSIAH,  plasterer,  Elmwood. 
TRUAX  J.  H.  livery  stable  IvCeper,  Elmwood. 

Truse  L.  B.  miller,  P.  O.  Elmwood. 

TuUev  Rose,  laborer.  P.  (>.  Elrawood. 

Turner  Jos.  engineer,  P.  O.  Elmwood. 

Vandervoort  A.  G.  traveling  salesman,  P.  O.  Elmwood. 

VANDERVOORT  J.  A.  retired  merchant, 
res.  Elmwood.  Emigrated  from  Bellville,  Canada,  to 
the  town  of  Elmwood  when  there  was  but  two  business 
houses  in  it,  and  engaged  in  the  grocer's  business,  in 
the  building  opposite  the  Elmwood  house.  Style  of 
firm.  Jones  &  Vandervoort.  Both  families  were  com- 
pelled to  live  over  the  store  as  there  was  not  a  house 
for  rent  in  the  town.  In  the  year  l86l  or  1862,  he 
bought  a  small  residence  of  Daniel  Caverly  and  paid 
him  $600  for  the  same  ;  and  was  very  proud  of  it  as  it 
was  the  first  home  he  could  call  his  own.  The  firm  of 
Jones  &  Vandervoort  in  the  year  1S62  built  a  brick 
store  in  the  block  adjoining,  and  in  1876  Vandervoort 
&  Wyley  built  an  addition,  twenty-four  by  one  hundred, 
giving  it  the  name  of  the  block,  Palace  of  Trade.  It 
is  one  of  the  finest  business  rooms  in  the  town.  The 
firm  continued  until  the  death  of  Mr.  Jones,  which 
occurred  June  19,  1871.  It  was  then  changed  to  Van- 
dervoort &  Wyley.  until  June,  1S78.  On  Mr.  Vandervoort 
retiring  from  business  his  two  sons-in-law  and  brother 
formed  a  partnership  as  the  firm  Wyley,  Vandervoort 
&  Sloan  in  1878,  and  are  the  representatives  of  one  of  the 
leading  business  establishments  of  Elmwood.  The  prin- 


cipal features  of  stock  are  dry  goods,  clothing,  boots  and 
shoes,  hats  and  caps.  They  occupy  a  store  one  hun- 
dred feet  long,  twenty-four  wide,  two  stories  high,  and 
the  largest  in  the  place,  and  their  stock  is  complete  in 
all  departments.  It  is  bought  with  great  care  and  is 
superior  in  character  to  those  usually  found  in  towns 
of  this  size.     The  house  has  an  extensive  trade. 

VAN  PATTEN  E.  photographer,  res.  Elm- 
wood. Son  of  Joseph  and  Emeline  (Brewster)  Van 
Patten,  natives  of  the  State  of  New  York.  They  came 
to  Peoria  county  in  1845  and  first  located  in  Hollis 
township,  afterwards  removed  to  Rosefield  township, 
where  his  father  still  resides.  The  subject  of  this 
sketch  was  born  in  Cayuga  county,  N.  Y.,  on  the  7th 
day  of  August,  1844,  and  came  to  the  county  with  his 
parents.  He  married  Miss  Mary  Turner,  who  was 
born  in  this  county  in  1S46.  They  have  one  boy  and 
one  girl.  Are  members  of  the  Methodist  Church  of 
Elmwood.  Mr.  Van  Patten  enlisted  in  the  86th  I.  V. 
I.,  Co.  H.,  in  1862  ;  was  in  the  principal  engagements  of 
the  Army  of  the  Cumberland,  at  Perryville,  Chica- 
mauga.  Buzzard  Roost,  Missionary  Ridge,  etc.  Was 
also  with  Sherman  on  the  march  to  the  sea,  and  the 
Carolinas.  Had  one  shoulder  broken  to  pieces  and 
one  foot  crushed,  and  leg  broken,  by  a  falling  tree  near 
Goldsboro,  N.  C. 

VAN  WAGNER  A.    J.  Rev.   pastor  Con- 

gregational  Church,  Elmwood, 

Varnes  E.  D.  farmer.  P.O.  Trivoll. 

Venn  .Tames,  carriapemaker,  P.O.  Elmwood. 

Vesper  Wm.  carpenter,  P.O.  Elmwood. 

VICKERY  ELIAS,  retired  farmer,  res.  Elm- 
wood ;  was  born  in  Rensselaer  county,  N.  Y.,  twelve 
miles  east  of  Albany,  on  2Sth  of  September,  1S13  ; 
grew  to  manhood  on  a  farm,  and  attended  the  common 
school.  When  seventeen  years  of  age  his  father  died. 
He  then  worked  by  the  month,  and  day,  and  supported 
his  mother,  with  his  brother's  help.  At  the  age  of 
twenty-four  married  Miss  Polly,  daughter  of  Peter 
Sipperly,  born  Feburary  2,  1817.  They  had  ten  chil- 
dren, eight  living  ;  Chester,  of  Taylor  county,  Iowa  ; 
Malissa  M. — now  Mrs.  John  Patterson,  of  this  county  ; 
Phoebe  E. — now  Mrs.  Samuel  Clark,  of  Peoria  county  ; 
Roger,  of  Knox  county,  Ills.;  Susan — now  Mrs.  An- 
drew Wilson,  of  Nebraska  ;  Lewis,  of  Knox  county. 
Ills.;  Mary — now  Mrs.  I.  Andrews;  Burtha  E. — now 
Mrs.  James  Runyon,  of  Knox  county.  Ills.  Two  died 
in  infancy.  In  1840,  Mr.  V.  went  to  Victoria,  Texas, 
and  engaged  in  farming,  remained  about  eighteen 
months,  and  came  to  Illinois,  arriving  on  the  loth  day 
of  April,  1843.  Came  by  water,  and  while  crossing  the 
Gulf  of  Mexico,  came  near  being  shipwrecked.  The 
first  two  years  after  arriving  in  the  county  rented  a  farm, 
then  bought  what  was  known  as  the  Wakefield  farm. 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  V.  spent  some  eighteen  years  of  their 
life  in  log  cabins.     Since  that  time   has  built  two  fine 


752 


HISTORY   OF  PEOllIA   COUNTY. 


brick  resiHenccs.  He  sold  the  Wakefidd  farm  f.  r 
$3000,  after  erecting  a  brick  house;  and  afterw.ii<l 
bought  the  Egleston  farm,  where  they  remained  fi-i  r 
years.  Then  he  p.irchased  a  farm  in  Knox  county,  t«(> 
miles  and  a  half  west  of  Elmwood,  where  he  built  a 
brick  house,  and  lived  fifteen  years.  Then  bought  a 
farm  in  Rio  township  and  remained  on  it  until  1875. 
when  he  removed  to  Elmwood,  where  he  has  lived  re- 
tired since.  Are  members  of  the  Methodist  Churtli 
and  he  is  class  leader. 

WaJkcrE.  I.  farmer.  P.O.  Elmwood. 

WASHBURN  SILAS  HOWK,  physicia  . 
and  surgeon,  res,  Elmwood  ;  was  born  at  Westfori', 
Otsego  county,  N.  Y.,  on  August  17,  1S21.  Was  tliL- 
son  of  Lewis  Edson  and  Lydia  Dooliltle  Washburn, 
who  were  married  October  15,  1809.  They  had  four  boi  s 
and  five  girls,  all  born  in  Wcstford,  Otsego  county,  N. 
Y.  His  father  was  a  farmer  but  owned  and  operated 
a  saw  and  grist  mill.  Was  killed  in  the  mill  Decembt  r 
13,  1836,  at  the  age  of  forty-nine.  His  mother  dii-l 
August  4,  1S6S,  at  the  age  of  seventy-five  years.  D-. 
W.  married  Miss  Sarah  Annette  Bradley,  who  was  born 
in  LeRoy,  Genesse  county,  N.  Y.,  July  24,  1829.  At 
the  age  of  twelve  years  she  attended  a  select  school  .-^t 
Pavillion,  N.  Y.  On  leaving  the  school  in  1S41,  she 
received  from  the  teacher  Mr.  A.  J.  Abbath,  testi- 
monials, certifying  that  she  wa.s  abundantly  qualified 
in  all  respects  to  teach  n  common  school,  and  closin.; 
with  the  following  language :  "  Her  manners  and  de- 
portment in  particular  are  such  as  can  not  fail  to  have  a 
beneficial  and  refining  influence  upon  her  pupils." 
About  this  time  she  united  with  the  M.  E.  Church.  In 
1850,  she  came  to  Elmwood  and  united  with  the  Presby. 
terian  Church,  in  which  she  remained  a  member  until  Ik  r 
removal  to  Chillicothe,  Ills.,  in  1S75,  when  she  receive  1 
her  letter  at  her  own  request  to  unite  with  the  Reformcl 
Episcopal  Church  of  that  place.  Soon  after  her  arriv.il 
in  Elmwood  she  began  teaching  in  the  district  school. 
Some  of  her  early  pupils  have  risen  to  distinction.  lU- 
this  union  there  were  four  children,  two  of  which  art- 
still  living — Hcrmia,  now  Mrs.  P.  E.  Andrews,  <if 
Chillicothe,  and  Mattie  who  lives  with  her  sister.  Mrs. 
W.  was  a  consistent  Christian,  loved  and  respected  by 
all  who  knew  her.  She  died  in  Elmwood  July,  7,  187.S, 
in  the  forty-nine  year  of  her  age.  Dr.  Washburn  com- 
menced the  study  of  medicine  under  Dr.  J.  W.  Northup, 
and  remained  with  him  three  years,  and  attending 
lectures  at  Castlelon,  Vt.,  where  he  graduated  in  1847. 
Commenced  the  practice  of  medicine  at  Hloomville, 
Delhi  county,  N.  Y.,  and  remained  about  one  year  and 
a  half.  Then  came  to  I'curia  county  and  located  nl 
Newburg,  and  has  remained  in  Elmwood  township 
nearly  all  the  time  since,  and  has  followed  his  profes- 
sion with  success. 
WMnuii  .S    T   tmrm-r.  P.  O.  Elmwood. 


Walklni  F.  farmer.  P.  O.  Elrownod. 
Wriiiier  H.  U.  bAgt»ge  man.  P.  o.  Elmwood. 

WELTON  CH.VS.  P.  merchant,  res.  Elm- 
wood,  son  of  John  J.  and  Maria  (Wilcox)  Wellon,  na- 
tives of  Connecticut,  was  born  in  Richfield  county. 
Conn.,  on  the  9th  of  Feb.,  184I.  In  i860,  came  to 
Peoria  county  and  worked  on  a  farm  for  some  time  ; 
afterwards,  was  employed  as  clerk,  where  he  remained 
one  year.  Enlisted  in  the  I32d  I.  Y.  1.  Co.  D  (one 
hundred  day  service).  After  leaving  the  service,  re- 
turned to  Farmington,  Fulton  county,  and  was  em- 
ployed by  Mr.  P.  P.  Chapman  in  a  store,  remaining 
over  four  years.  Then,  in  company  with  Geo.  S.  Smith, 
engaged  in  the  grocery  business.  In  1876  he  purchased 
Smith's  interest  and  continued  by  himself  until  1879, 
when  he  took  in  his  present  partner.  In  1873. married 
Miss  Carrie  Darnell,  who  was  born  in  Knox  county, 
III.,  in  1851.  They  have  one  boy  and  two  girls  :  Harry 
C,  Berenice  C.  and  Inez  W. 

Whitney  S.  farmer.  P.  O.  Elmwood. 
WIcKwire  II.  U.  farmer.  P.  O.  Elmwood. 

WILKY  A.  M.  farmer.  Sec.  30,  P.  O.  Elmwood. 
was  born  in  Pennsylvania,  .March  16,  1S12,  and  is  the 
son  of  Joseph  and  Kliiabeth  Wiley.  He  came  to  Peo- 
ria county  in  the  Spring  of  1S35,  when  the  surrounding 
country  was  but  a  vast  and  lonely  wilderness.  He 
settled  on  Sec.  30,  where  he  commenced  to  improve 
and  lay  out  a  farm  of  eighty  acres,  and  in  the  Fall  of 
1839  he  married  Miss  Mary  Ewalt,  a  native  of  Ohio, 
who  was  born  in  1 820.  by  whom  he  has  five  children  : 
Elizabeth,  I.otta,  .Susan.  Leonora  and  John  E.  Mr. 
Wiley  continued  to  farm  on  his  small  tract  of  land,  la- 
boring under  all  the  hardships  an<l  disadvantages  of  an 
early  settler,  but  by  strict  economy  and  unremitting 
hard  work,  has  been  able  to  add  acre  to  acre,  until  he 
now  owns  1,100  acres  of  fine  lands  in  Elmwood  and 
Logan  townships,  worth  $15,000,  besides  considerable 
other  land  in  Kansas. 
WILEY   E.  ('.  merchant,  Elmwood. 

Wiley  .lanie.H.  fanner.  P.  o.  Elmwood. 
Williams  K.  II.  barlicr,  P.  O.  Elmwood. 

WILLIAMSON'  SYLVESTEK,  wheel- 
wright, res.  Elmwood,  son  of  Levi  S.  and  Margaret 
(Scott)  Williamson.  Father  a  native  of  Yirginia  and 
mother,  of  Maryland.  Emigrated  to  Illinois  in  1836 
or  '37,  and  located  in  Peoria  when  there  were  but  few 
log  cabins  in  the  town  ;  thence  removed  to  Rushville, 
Schuyler  county,  and  lived  there  seven  years ;  thence  to 
Brimfield,  where  they  still  reside — father,  at  the  age  of 
80,  mother,  70.  The  subject  of  this  sketch  was  bom 
in  Butler  county,  Penn.,  on  the  9th  day  of  Jan.,  183s. 
In  1857,  married  Miss  Mary  E.  Harper.  She  was  born 
Feb.  19,  1837.  They  have  fire  children,  four  boys  and 
one  girl ;  Joseph  II.,  born  Dec.  13,  1857  ;  Harry  P., 
born  Jan.  17,  1865,  died  Sept.  13.  1867  ;  Jennie  Louise, 
bom  Aug.  37,  1873  ;  Charles  Frederick,  burn  June  14, 


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ELIAS    VICKERY 

EI-MWOOD 


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ELMWOOD . 


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ELMWOOD 


HALLOCK   DIRECTORY. 


753 


1874,  died  Jan.  27,  1S75  ;    Waller    A.,  born    May   22, 

1876.       Memljer.s   of  the  M.  K.  Church.       Joseph    H. 

graduated  from  the  high  school  of  Elmwood  at  the  age 

of  eighteen,  being  one   of  the   youngest   graduates  of 

the  school.       He  is  at  present  engageil  in  teaching,  at 

Ipava,  111.,  where  he  is  meeting  with  good  success. 

Wllkeson  John  H.  grocery.  P.  O.  EInuvood. 
Wilkinson  J.  J.  farmer.  P.  O.  Elmwood. 

WILSOX  A.  res.  Elmwood,  superintendent  of 
paper  mill,  was  born  July  16,  1833,  at  Sand  Lake, 
Rensselaerville,  N.  Y.  Up  to  1850  his  father  was  exten- 
sively engaged  in  the  milling  and  woolen  manufacturing 
business,  of  which  he  learned  a  practical  knowledge. 
In  1853  he  became  engaged  in  the  manufacturing  of 
paper,  millwrighting,  and  machinists'  work,  and  has 
continued  this  line  of  business  up  to  the  present  time. 
Has  aided  in  repairing  and  building  several  new  mills, 
both  East  and  West.  Immigrated  to  the  West  in  the 
Spring  of  1861,  and  located  at  Beloit,  Wis.,  following 
principally  his  present  line  of  business.  In  1S65,  came 
to  Illinois,  and  has  remained  in  this  State  since.  Has 
been  a  resident  of  Peoria  Co.  for  the  last  thirteen  years, 
located  in  Elmwood  in  the  employ  of  the  Elmwood 
Paper  Manufacturing  Company  since. 

WIFjSON  C.  r>.  merchTnt  tailor,  res.  Elmwood, 
is  the  son  of  Richard  H.Wilson  and  Huldah  McDowall. 
Father  a  native  of  England,  and  his  mother  of  Albany, 
N.  Y.  The  subject  of  this  sketch  was  born  in  Green- 
bush,  N.  Y.,  March,  1839.  At  the  age  of  twelve  years 
he  commenced  to  learn  the  paper  making  trade  in 
Columbia  county,  N.  Y.,  where  he  remained  until  he 
was  twenty-two  years  of  age.  In  the  fall  of  1 861,  he 
went  to  Beloit,  Wis.,   and  remained  about  two  years  ; 


afterwards  attended  school  at  Poughkeepsie,  N.  Y.;  was 
at  the  oil  regions  of  Pennsylvania  one  year  and  a  half; 
thence  to  Illinois,  where  lie  has  been  in  the  paper  and 
merchant  tailoring  business  since.  Has  some  good  real 
estate  in  the  village  of  Elmwood.  He  married  Miss 
Annie  E.  Gowing,  born  in  Onondaga  county,  N.  Y.,  in 
1847.  Two  children  blessed  their  union — Edwin  A. 
and  Lavoseer  G.  Mr.  W.  has  just  embarked  in  the 
merchant  tailoring  business,  carries  a  fine  line,  and 
guarantees  his  work. 
Wing  C.  L.  grain  dealer,  P.  O.  Elmwood. 
WOOD  WM.  H.   Elmwood. 

WKIGLEY  ROBERT,  retired  farmer,  res. 
Elmwood,  was  born  in  Lancashire,  England,  near  Man- 
chester, on  the  17th  day  of  February,  1S13,  and  immi- 
grated to  the  United  States  in  1S41.  He  married  Miss 
Ann.  daughter  of  Joseph  Fenton,  who  was  born  in  Eng- 
land, January  14,  180S.  They  had  five  children  — 
Thomas,  Joseph,  Ann,  William,  and  Eunice,  who  died 
Aug.  2,  1876,  at  the  age  of  twenty-nine  years.  Mr.  W. 
married  for  his  second  wife  Mrs.  Henry  Robins,  born 
in  Yorkshire,  England.  May  30,  1S30.  Her  parents 
immigrated  to  the  United  States  in  1S36,  and  located  in 
Cincinnati,  O.;  thence  to  Peoria  county  in  1845.  In 
1841  Mr.  W.  came  to  this  county  and  for  the  first  two 
years  worked  on  a  farm  by  the  month,  for  $12  a  month. 
Then  purchased  forty  acres  of  land  in  Rosefield  town- 
ship, and  built  a  log  cabin  16x18  feet.  Mr.  W.  at  one 
time  owned  and  controlled  596  acres  of  land,  which  is 
very  valuable.  He  is  now  enjoying  the  fruits  of  his 
hard  work  in  his  old  age.  Is  a  member  of  the  Metho- 
dist, and  Mrs.  W.  of  the  Congregational  Church. 


HALLOCK    TOWNSHIP. 


Ayres  R.  E.  farmer.  P.  O.  "West  Plallock. 
Bapgs  D.  laborer,  P.  O.  Northampton. 

BALDWIN  WILLIAM  J.  farmer.  Sec.  13, 
was  born  in  Pittsburg,  Pa. ;  is  the  only  son  of  a  family 
of  two  children  of  Capt.  Thomas  Baldwin  and  Letelia 
Jackson,  both  natives  of  the  "  Keystone  State,"  where 
they  were  married  in  1834.  Their  only  daughter,  Fan- 
nie, is  now  the  wife  of  Dr.  H.  T.  CoflTey,  of  Peoria. 
Capt.  Thomas  Baldwin  was  born  on  Dec.  7,  1804,  near 
Pittsburg,  Pa.,  where  his  father.  Col.  Robert  Baldwin, 
owned  a  large  farm  and  a  flouring  mill,  located  on 
Chartier's  creek.  In  shipping  their  flour  to  market. 
Captain  and  his  brother  conveyed  it  up  the  river  in 
canoes  and  other  small  crafts,  which  was  a  tedious 
process,  and  young  Thomas  resolved,  while  a  mere 
youth,  to  do  what  he  could  to  develop  a  better  system 
of  water  transportation,  and  such  progress  had  he  made 


in  the  art  of  boating  that  at  the  age  of  nineteen  years 
he  was  captain  of  a  steamboat  on  the  Ohio  river. 
Nature  had  so  well  adapted  him  to  his  chosen  work, 
that  he  became  one  of  the  leading  steamboat  men  of 
his  time  ;  devoted  fortj'-five  years  of  his  life  to  it,  during 
which  he  built  and  was  sole,  or  part,  owner  of  twenty- 
six  steamboats,  a  number  of  which  were  among  the 
finest  and  swiftest  upon  the  western  rivers.  Captain 
Baldwin's  boating  experience  was  chiefly  upon  the  Ohio, 
Mississippi  and  Illinois  rivers.  He  removed  to  Peoria  in 
1844,  and  when  the  California  gold  fever  broke  out  in 
1849,  Commodore  Vanderbilt  selected  him  to  superin- 
tend aline  of  steamers  to  Central  America,  that  being 
then  the  principal  route,  at  a  salary  of  $10, 000  a  year.  His 
health  failing,  he  resigned  the  position  at  the  end  of  ten 
months,  and  Mr.  Vanderbilt  presented  him  with  a  check 


754 


HISTORY   OF   PEORIA   COUXTY. 


for  $10,000  in  gold.  Soon  after  the  beginning  of  the 
late  civil  war  he  offered  his  ser%'ices  to  the  Government, 
which  were  accepted,  and  he  was  put  in  command  of  a 
transport  vessel ;  later  was  appointed  to  the  command 
of  the  gunboat  Romeo,  which  he  retained  till  the  close 
of  the  war.  lie  then  retired  from  active  business,  and 
on  Aug.  23,  l37g,  died  at  his  residence  in  I'euria,  end- 
ing a  very  active  and  useful  life.  Mrs.  U.  still  occupies 
the  elegant  homestead  on  East  Bluff.  William  J.,  being 
infused  with  the  prevailing  patriotic  spirit  of  the  times, 
enlisted,  secretly,  though  a  mere  boy,  and  was  in  the 
army  nearly  a  year,  when  his  mother,  after  much  effort, 
secured  his  discharge.  He  married  Miss  Jennie  Scholes, 
a  native  of  Peoria  county.  They  have  three  children, 
Leon,  Harry  C.  and  Letetia. 

Hallow  Kni€TV.  p;irpHnt*T,  IV  o.  West  H.ill'>clt. 
Ilarkcr  lh:ii.  ri-llr.-.|  r:iriner.  I'  i>    llallook. 
llaiioti  Ira,  lirlc-k  iiiiitoti.  I*.  (>.  Nurtlialillituu. 
H*-iini-tt  A.  .t.  fariu'T.  1*.  O.  .Suutliaiiiiitoii. 
Bliif  Mri.  P.  <».  Chlllliollic. 

Boon  .I;iinfs  s.  r*'tln?<l  rariuff.  P.  O.  Northampton, 
liofhcrn  (ft*o.  (raDlener   P.  O.  N<irlliani|>tou. 
BoyUn  John,  farmer,  P.  O.  Clillllcolhc. 

IIRAYTOX  C.  Y.  farmer.  Sec.  13.  P.  O.  West 
Hallock,  was  born  in  the  city  of  Peoria,  April  13,  185S, 
and  is  the  son  of  William  J.  Brayton  and  Mary  D. 
Curtiss  :  father  a  native  of  Warren,  R.  I.,  and  mother 
originally  from  Connecticut.  His  father,  in  partnership 
with  two  brothers,  was  for  many  years  in  the  agricul- 
tural implement  business  in  Peoria,  and  he  served  in 
the  Union  army  during  the  late  war,  enlisting  at  Prov- 
idence, R.  I.,  and  died  of  typhoid  fever  in  Albany,  N. 
v.,  in  the  year  1865.  Mr.  C.  Y.  Brayton's  mother  died 
in  Peoria,  .August  24,  1S76.  He  was  raised  and 
educated  there,  and  after  the  death  of  his  mother  came 
to  Hallock  township,  and  farmed  on  rented  land  until 
the  Spring  of  the  present  year,  when  he  moved  to  his 
present  location  on  the  borders  of  Akron  township, 
where  he  owns  eighty  acres  of  fine  farming  land  and 
forty  acres  under  timber,  the  purchase  price  of  which 
was  $5,500.  He  married  March  26.  1678,  in  Lawn 
Ridge,  Miss  Letlie  Cornell,  eldest  child  of  Stephen 
Cornell,  merchant,  I. awn  Ridge;  by  whom  he  has  one 
child.  Kzra  Jeremiah,  born  October  8,  1879. 

nrlKR"  A.  farinrr,  P.  O.  I^wn  RlilKe. 
Brown  Danic).  farinnr.  P.  o.  Hoiitliainptnn. 

IJUVOKN  WILM.VM,  Jr.  farmer.  Sec  23, 
P.  O.  Northampton.  Was  born  in  Dumfriesshire, 
Scotland,  in  August,  1838,  and  came  to  America  with 
his  parents  when  very  young.  His  father  was  born  in 
the  Parish  of  Kskdalemuir,  Dumfriesshire.  .Scotland, 
August  30,  1 801,  and  is  the  son  of  J.imes  Bryden,  Ksq., 
of  Uurnclugh.and  Mary  Scott,  both  of  the  same  parish. 
Mr.  Bryilen.  Sr.,  was  raised  on  the  farm,  received  such 
e'lucation  as  the  district  aflorded,  and  afterwards  at- 
tended classes  at  Edinburgh  College  for  four  years  ; 
acted  as  tutor  for  two  years,  and  then  for  three  years 
conducted  a  private  school  at  Birkenhead,  in  Kngland : 
titencc  returning  to  his  native  country,  worked   a   farm 


for  eleven  years,  under  lease,  and  in  the  year  1838  im- 
migrated to  this  country,  landing  at  New  York  after  a 
tedious  passage  of  nine  weeks.  Staying  for  ihort  pe- 
riods in  Cincinnati  and  New  Richmond,  C.  he  came 
with  his  family  to  Princeton,  Ind.,  where  he  taught  in 
the  Gibson  County  Seminary  for  three  years,  and  in 
1642  came  to  Peoria  county,  settling  in  the  following 
year  in  Hallock  township  ;  rented  a  farm  for  four  years, 
and  then  purchased  his  present  home,  where  he  ha« 
since  resided,  and  where  he  owns  about  145  acres  of 
land,  worth  about  $8,000.  He  married  in  1835,  Mist 
Elizabeth,  daughter  of  James  Jardinc,  of  Artleton, 
Dumfriesshire,  by  whom  he  has  had  seven  children; 
five  survive  and  reside  in  his  neighborhood.  Their 
names  are  Mary  Scott,  James,  Ellen.  William,  whose 
name  heads  this  sketch,  and  Jessie.  Mrs.  Bryden  died 
on  the  homestead  January  29,  1S70.  Mr.  Wm.  Bryden, 
Jr.,  resided  at  home  and  worked  on  the  farm  till  the 
breaking  out  of  the  war.  when  he  enlisted  in  Company 
L.,  15th  Illinois  Cavalry.  Captain  Ford,  command- 
ing. Mr.  Bryden,  along  with  his  company  and  regi- 
ment, took  part  in  the  battles  of  Shiloh,  Farmington, 
luka,  Corinth,  Tuscumbia.  Helena,  Ark.,  and  Big 
Creek,  Ala.,  besides  many  smaller  engagements;  was 
mustered  out  at  Springfield.  III.,  January  9,  X865.  Of 
120  men  who  joined  his  company,  but  twenty-four  were 
mustered  out.  Mr.  Bryden  was  never  wounded.  Four 
years  after  leaving  the  army  he  married  Miss  Laura  A. 
Swisher,  who  was  born  in  Peoria  county,  in  May,  1850, 
by  whom  he  has  had  four  children,  three  living,  Frank. 
Harry  and  Julia.  He  is  Republican  in  politics,  has 
been  two  years  a  school  director,  and  is  a  hard  work- 
ing and  public  spirited  farmer  and  citizen. 

Ilurtllrk  II.  I>.  wacoii  maker.  P.  o   West  Hallock. 
Iliirillrk  N.  MarkMnllli.  P  d.  \Vr>l  Ilnllork 
Ilurtllrk  .S.  M.  rarperitir.  P.  O.  We.sl  llallork. 
Iluriiealii'o.  P.  l>   llallmk. 

Iliitfon  Kllas  man  ot  leisure.  P.  O.  I.awD  Rl<lg«. 
Ilyrne-i  Samuel,  farmer.  Ijiwn  RhlRe. 
('antiiin  Wm.  farmer.  P.  l>.  We«l  llallork. 
I'liaplnt'liarloiie.  P.  (>   .v,>rlh:ini|>Ioii. 
Clarenre  Wni.  farunT.  P.  O.  U-iwn  Kltl|fr. 
Clark  John.  I»ee  keeper.  P.  (>.  Hallock. 
Collier  .•*.  K.  iie<liller.  P.  O.  ChlUlri.lhe. 
Colwell  Ueo.  farinFr,  P.  O.  Hallock. 

COON  F.  M.  farmer.  Sec.  12,  P.  O.  Northamp- 
ton, was  born  in  Chenango  county,  N.  Y.,  October  4, 
1828;  father  born  in  Rhode  Island.  Was  raised  on  a 
farm,  and  came  West  in  February.  1858,  settling  in 
Akron  township,  where  he  farmed  on  rented  land  for 
about  twelve  years,  and  then  liought  a  quarter  section 
of  land  in  Hallock  township,  where  he  lived  for  two 
years,  removing  thence  to  a  farm  he  had  purchased  in 
Chillicoihe  township ;  remained  there  for  seven  or 
eight  years,  and  bought  a  farm  on  section  13,  of  Hal- 
lock township,  to  which  he  removed.  About  this  time 
he  cultivated  three  farms,  but  afterwards  sold  the 
Chillicothe  farm  and  a  portion  of  the  Hallock  one. 
Owns  at  present  240  acres  of  land,  eighty  acres  of 
which    are    in    Chillicothe    township,   and    values   the 


HALLOCK   DIRECTORY. 


755 


whole  at  about  $S,ooo.  He  was  married  in  New  York 
State,  July  7,  1S49,  to  Miss  Mary  Ann  Stillman,  who 
was  born  in  the  same  county  as  himself,  February  24, 
1830,  by  whom  he  has  had  eleven  children,  viz  :  Judson, 
Mary  E.,  Alice  J.,  Charles  F.,  John  F.  (deceased), 
Albert  Henry,  Benjamin  H.,  Arthur  J.,  Edna  L., 
Mattie  E.,  and  Willie  A.  Three  of  his  children  are 
married  and  settled  in  the  neighborhood.  Mrs.  Coon 
is  a  member  of  the  Seventh  Day  Baptist  Church. 
Coon  Judson,  farmer.  P.  O.  Northamptou. 

CRADY  PETER  AV,  postmaster  and  shoe- 
maker, P.O.  Hallock,  was  born  in  Champlain,  Clinton 
county,  N.  Y.,  March  14,  1S31,  and  is  the  son  of 
Peter  Crady  and  Elizabeth  Newey,  both  of  New 
York.  Moved  with  his  parents  to  St.  Albans, 
Vt.,  when  about  fifteen  years  old,  and  there  remained 
till  1862,  working  at  his  trade.  On  August  tst,  of  that 
year,  he  enlisted  in  Company  I,  loth  V.  V.  I.;  was  dis- 
abled through  sickness  in  the  first  Fall,  and  lay  for 
five  months  in  hospital  at  Burlington,  Vt. ;  on  partial 
recovery,  was  sent  to  camp  at  Alexandria,  Va.,  but  not 
yet  being  able  for  active  service,  was  transferred  to 
invalid  corps,  and  after  one  year  to  veteran  reserve 
corps  ;  served  while  in  that  body  in  the  campaign  on 
the  Peninsula,  taking  part  in  the  fight  at  White  House 
Landing,  June  21,  1864,  afterwards  returning  to 
Washington,  D.  C,  where  he  remained  till  close  of  the 
war,  and  was  mustered  out  June  24,  1865.  His  family 
in  the  meantime  had  removed  to  Peoria  county.  111., 
and  he  came  W^est  and  joined  them  in  Hallock  town- 
ship, where  he  has  since  remained,  with  the  exception 
of  five  months  in  1S72,  when  he  made  a  visit  to  Colo- 
rado for  his  health ;  has  worked  at  his  trade  all  llie 
time  he  has  been  here  ;  received  his  appointment  as 
postmaster  under  President  Grant's  administration,  in 
1876.  He  married,  October  21,  1S57,  Miss  Laura  A. 
Mallory,  who  was  born  in  Northfield,  Vt.,  about  the 
year  1833,  by  whom  he  has  had  four  children,  three  of 
whom  now  survive :  Geo.  E.,  Romeo  Sumner  (deceased), 
Henry  Eugene,  and  Henrietta  Hortense.  The  last 
two  children  are  twins,  born  September  18,  1867.  Mr. 
Crady  is  in  politics  a  Greenbacker,  and  is  a  member  of 
the  local  lodge  of  Sons  ot  Temperance.  Mrs.  Crady 
is  a  member  of  the  M.  E.  Church. 

Cratz  James,  farmer,  P.  O.  Northampton. 
Crosbv.  Mnses.  clairv  farmer.  P.  O.  West  Hallock. 
Dattafl  I.  farmer,  P.  O.  Nortl'.ampton. 
Devlin  Ellen,  farmer,  P.  O.  Northampton. 

EASTOX  WILLIAM,  justice  of  the  peace, 
and  farmer.  Sec.  29.  P.  O.  Southampton,  was  born  in 
Newark,  N.  J.,  May  7,  1S07,  and  is  the  son  of  William 
Easton  and  Elizabeth  Drake,  both  of  the  same  city. 
Was  raised  until  six  years  old  at  Sunny  Plains,  N.  J., 
and  then  removed  to  Ovid  township,  Seneca  county, 
N.  Y.,  where  he  remained  some  months,  thence  remov- 
ing  to  Euclid  township,  Cayuga  county,  Ohio,  where 


he  went  to  school,  and  where  he  learned  the  trade  of 
carpenter  and  joiner.  In  1836,  he  came  to  Illinois, 
spending  the  first  Winter  at  Wyoming,  Stark  county: 
then  came  to  Peoria  county,  staying  in  it  about  a  year; 
thence,  removing  to  Tazewell  county  for  about  fifteen 
months  ;  returning  to  Peoria  county,  for  the  next  eight 
or  ten  years  he  divided  his  attention  between  farming 
and  his  trade,  doing  year  by  year  less  at  the  latter,  till 
about  1850,  since  when  he  has  confined  his  attention 
to  farming.  He  owns  126  acres  land,  worth  about 
§7,500,  and  has  a  fine,  neat  dwelling  house,  surrounded 
by  tastefully  laid  out  grounds.  He  married,  DecembeJ 
5,  1833,  Miss  Sophia  Lake,  of  Kirkland,  O.,  who  died 
.Vugust  12,  1837,  and  afterwards  he  married  Miss 
Sarah  M.  Hicks,  by  whose  death,  on  June  24,  1S73,  he 
was  again  left  a  widower.  On  May  14,  1S74,  he  mar- 
ried his  present  wife.  Miss  Isabell  Jones,  of  La  Prairie, 
Marshall  county.  111.  By  his  second  marriage  he  had 
three  children,  only  one  of  whom,  Joel  J.,  born  April 
5,  1S45,  now  survives.  Mr.  Easton  is  a  Universalist, 
and  Mrs.  Easton  a  member  of  the  Methodist  Church  at 
La  Prairie.  Mr.  Easton  has  been  a  justice  of  the 
Peace  in  Hallock  township  for  fifteen  years,  and  also 
school  trustee  for  many  years  ;  is  a  Republican  in  poli- 
tics, and  possesses  a  firm  hold  upon  the  respect  of  his 
neighbors,  and  all  who  are  brought  into  business  con- 
tact with  him. 

Epley  A.  farmer.  P.  O.  Lawn  Ridue. 
Evans  .lenkiiis.  farmer,  P.  O.  rhillicothe. 
Evacs  Sarah  ('.  Mrs.  fanner.  P.  O.  Northampton. 

EVANS  WALTER  T.  (deceased)  farmer,  res 
Sec.  23,  P.  O.  Chillicothe,  was  born  June  15,  1836,  at 
Montgomery,  Pa.,  and  was  the  son  of  Walter  F.  Evans 
and  Euphemiah  Taylor.  His  father  was  a  native  of 
Pennsylvania  and  his  mother  of  New  Jersey.  When 
•ibout  two  years  old  he  came  with  his  parents  to  Hal- 
lock township,  settling  there  in  1S38  upon  raw  land 
which  they  bought.  His  father  died  in  1S61.  Mr. 
Evans  married,  in  1863,  Miss  Sarah  C.  Kiel,  who  was 
born  about  twenty  miles  from  Toronto,  in  Upper  Can- 
ada, Aug.  31,  1839,  by  whom  he  had  five  children,  four 
of  whom  survive.  Effie,  born  Oct.  23,  1S64  ;  Ulysses  G., 
liorn  Aug.  7,  1S66,  died  Aug.  14,  1866  ;  Willie  W.,  born 
Aug.  7,  1867  ;  Ida  M.,  born  Aug.  27,  1871,  and  Rosa 
A.,  born  Jan.  25,  1875.  Mr.  Evans  died  Aug.  18,  1877. 
He  was  an  earnest,  hard  working  man,  who  always  had 
a  kind  word  and  a  ready  hand  to  cheer  and  to  help.  His 
neighbors  who  survive  him  can  look  back  upon  many 
an  act  of  kindness  done,  and  cheerful  help  rendered 
during  his  life.  His  widow,  Mrs.  Sarah  E.  Evans,  still 
resides  on  the  homestead  ;  owns  iSo  acres  of  land,  125 
acres  under  cultivation,  worth  altogether  about  $8,000. 
Mr.  Evans  was  a  member  of  the  Union  Baptist  Church, 
as  is  also  Mrs.  Evans. 

Fanlen  .Susan,  farmer,  P.  O.  Northampton. 
Kurgusou  E.  farmer,  P.  O.  Lawn  Ridge. 


756 


HISTORY  OF  PEORIA  COUNTY. 


GALLUP    JOSEPH,     farmer.    Sec.    17.    was 
born  in  Windham   county.  Conn.,  on  the    4th    of  Sep- 
tember, 1827  ;  was  reared    and    educated  for  a  farmer. 
Besides   the    advantages    afforded    by   good   common 
schools,  he  attended  PlainBcId  Academy  in    Connecti- 
cut, and  Smithville  Seminary  in  Rhode   Island,  several 
terms.     He  taught  several  terms  of  school    with  good 
success;  came  to  Peoria   county  in   1850  to   luok  after 
the  land  now  composing  his  farm,  then  ovned  by  his 
father  ;    reported    it    covered    with    wild    grass,  rattle- 
snakes, wolves,   deer,   and  sandhill    cranes.      Mr.   G. 
erected  a  log  house  and  made  some  other  improvements 
on  it  that  Summer ;  returned  to  the   "  land   of  steady 
habits  "in  September  ;  taught  school  there  the  follow- 
ing Winter,  and  April    2,   1851,  married    Celia  Gallup, 
of  Voluntown,    Windham  county.  Conn.,  and  came  to 
Peoria  county    in    June   of  that    year,   settling   on   his 
present  farm.     Although  late  he    raised  quite  a  crop  of 
vegetables,  and  being  a   good  marksman    could  easily 
supply  meat    from   the   prairie    and    the    thicket.     Mr. 
Gallup  has  been  quite  successful  in  his  chosen   pursuit, 
and    owns    several    hundred    acres   in    the  home  farm, 
which  is   well  improved  and  amply  stocked.     He  jest- 
ingly says  his  "  farming  now  is  by  proclamation."    Mrs. 
Gallup  died  on  Jnly  17,  1877.  leaving  a   family  of  fivc 
chililrcn,  Judie    A.,    born  Jan.  16,  1852;  Marion,  born 
Nov.  20,   1853;  Loren,   born  Dec.  15,  1858;  Nettie  S.. 
born    May  20.  1862,  and  Ellie  J.,  born    Jan.   2q    1865. 
Since  Mrs.  G.'s  death  the  oldest  daughter  has  managed 
the  affairs  of  the    household.     Mr.   Gallup  is  not  con- 
nected with  any  church  society,  but  is  a  Universalist  in 
belief.     In  politics  he  is  a  Democrat  of  the  Jeffersonian 
school.     His  paternal  ancestors  were   among  the  early 
settlers  of  New  England.     Nathaniel  Gallup,  his  father. 
was  somewhat  prominent  in  politics,  and  held  a  number 
of  offices  of  honor,  civil  and  military,  and  died  in  Con- 
necticut in  1856,  aged  58  years.     Mr.  G.'s  grandfather, 
Bcnadam   Gallup,  served  in  the  war  of  the  Revolution, 
and   died  in  1858.  at  the  advanced  age  of  88.     He  wa.s 
the  first  white  child  bom  in  the  vicinity  of  Voluntown, 
and  was,  for  many  years,  a  member  of  the    Legislature 
of  Connecticut,  and  a  lirge  landholder,     John  Gallup, 
the  great  grand  sire  of  Joseph,    was  the    first    settler  in 
that  region  :  obtained    the  chirter  for  the  first  church 
in  the   place;  look   large    land  claims,   and  served  for 
years  in  the  St.ite  Legislature.     A  great  portion  of  the 
lands  he  entered  are   now  in  the  hands  of  the    Gallup 
family.     His  father,  John  Gallup,  made    the  first  orig- 
in-il    purchase,    together  with    two   brothers,    of  lands 
from    Governor  Winlhrop,  who  was  a   member  of  the 
Colonial    Government.     The   original  John  Gallup,  of 
Boston,  Ma».,  emigrated  from  the  west  part  of  England 
in  l6'?o. 

Oalliin  K.  raniirr,  I'  O.  llalKM-k. 

ninnlUn  AariHi.  /krmpf.  I*.  II.   Ijiwii  KlilK'. 

(jllinilati  tifii.  (>riiii;r,  I'.  0.  Wr«l  llnllock. 


GILLFILL.\X  HKNRY  C.  fanner,  res.  Sec. 
8,  P.  O.  Lawn  Ridge,  was  born  in  Ross  Co.,  O.,  Nov. 
7,  1831,  is  the  tenth  of  a  family  of  twelve  children  of 
Adam  and  Sarah  GillfiUan  Hff  Moets.  both  natives  of 
Pennsylvania.  He  removed  with  his  parents  to  Peorii 
in  1834.  and  the  next  year  they  settled  in  Limestone 
tjwnship,  where  his  father  died  in  1844,  and  the  widow 
removed  with  the  family  to  Hallock  township  two  years 
later.  Mr.  G.  learned  the  trade  of  brick  mason  in  youth 
and  followed  it  for  some  time.  Married  Ivmima  New- 
ell, a  native  of  Madison  Co  ,  111.,  in  November,  i860, 
and  settled  on  their  present  farm.  They  have  had  three 
children,  Lucy  A.,  Charles  Martin  and  OIlie  May.  He 
turned  his  attention  to  reading  law  some  years  ago.  and 
now  does  considerable  practice  In  the  justice  courts  of 
the  county.  Their  farm  embraces  200  acres  valued  at 
■  $50  per  acre.  Mr.  G's  mother  died  in  1875,  and  six  of 
the  twelve  children  have  died. 

Glllllllan  Isur.  rariuer.  P.  O.  Lawn  RlilKe. 
Glllam  R.  farmer.  P.  <).  .Vortliamptolu 

GLAZE  COLLINS,  farmer.  Sec.  35,  P.  O. 
Chillicothe,  was  bom  in  Bedford  Co.,  Pa  ,  Ian.  15, 
1834,  and  is  the  son  of  John  Glaze  and  Sarah  Bryden- 
dall,  both  natives  of  that  county.  His  father  died  about 
1853,  and  his  mother  in  1870.  They  were  farmers.  lo 
the  Fall  of  1836  he  removed  with  his  parents  10  Peoria 
Co.  settling  in  Richwoods  township,  where  they  lived 
for  about  one  and  a  half  years  and  removed  to  Medina 
township,  where  he  grew  up  to  manhood  and  .ifter  hit 
father's  death  worked  the  home  farm  in  company  with 
his  younger  brother  for  four  years  and  then  removing  to 
Hallock  township,  fanned  for  some  time  on  rented  land. 
His  brother  Isaac  Glaze  served  three  years  in  Union 
.\rmy  and  at  the  close  of  the  war  they  together  went  to 
Bureau  Co.,  111.,  where  they  farmed  for  ten  years  and 
then  selling  out  bought  their  present  farm.  Own  160 
acres  prairie  land  and  twenty  acres  timber.  Hr  married 
Dec.  25.  1872,  Alice  Wheeler,  daughter  of  William 
Wheeler  and  Ann  Bethal,  natives  of  Pennsylvania,  who 
was  born  in  that  State  September  5,  1849,  by  whom  he 
has  two  children,  Rosie.  born  Sept.  21,  1874.  and  Cori 
born  Nov.  18,  1876.  Mr.  Glare  has  been  for  fiveyearsa 
member  of  Neponset  Lodge.  No.  560  I.  O.  O.  F. 
Gocxiwin  Wm   tirli-kinaltfr.   P.  O.  Nnrlliainplon. 

GUEENE  .lErFEKSON  J.  farmer  Sec.  30. 
P.  O.  Southampton,  was  born  July  12,  1S30  in  Stephen- 
town,  Rensselaer  Co.,  N.  Y.,«nd  is  the  son  of  Samuel 
S.  Greene  and  Lucy  Rose,  who  were  both  from  the 
same  State.  When  about  six  years  old.  he  moved  with 
his  parents  to  Ostego  county.  N.  V..  and  after  five  or 
six  years  residence  moved  to  Cayuga  County  in  the 
same  State.  He  came  to  Peoria  Co.  when  abont 
twenty-four  years  o(  age.  and  has  ever  since  resided  in 
it.  He  married  July  3.  1855.  Miss  M»ry  Nelson,  who 
was  born  in    Radnor  township,  January   15,    1839,  by 


fl^VLLOCK   DinECTORY. 


757 


whom  he  has  had  six  children,  four  of  whom   are  now 

living,  viz.,  Abbie  L.,  born  Dec.  27,  1857,  Rose  P., born 

June  22,  1S60,  Hattie   A.,    born    Nov.    17,    1S62,    and 

Sarah    M.,   born   January   6,    1S65.      His    two    eldest 

daughters  are   married   and    live   in    Peoria    Co.     Mr. 

Greene  owns  210  acres  of  land  in  the  county,  200  acres 

of  which  are  under  cultivation  and  worth  $60  an  acre, 

also  640  acres  raw  land  in  Nuckolls  Co.,  Neb.,  and  160 

acre^i  raw  land  in  Wright  Co.,    Iowa.     He   also   owns 

"  Wood's  Hotel  "  in  Chillicothe.     He  votes  for  the  best 

man    in   local   matters   and   on    National    issues    is   a 

Republican. 

GREEN  CALVIX,   stock  breeder,   res.   West 

Hallock. 

Green  W.  N.  P.  O.  West  Hallock. 

Gullett.\.  retired  f.'irmer,  P.  O.  Northampton. 

GuUett  J.  luuiiess  maker,  P.  O.  Nortbiuiipton. 

HAKES  ANTHOXY,  farmer,  Sec.  30,  P.  O. 
West  Halluck,  was  born  in  Berlin,  Rensselaer  count\-, 
N.  v.,  June  22,  1S17,  and  is  the  son  of  Rensselaer 
Hakes  and  Lana  Eymer,  natives  of  that  county.  He 
was  raised  on  a  farm  until  twenty-five  years  of  age, 
when  he  married,  Sept.  17,  1842,  Susan  Saunders,  a 
native  of  his  own  county,  born  Sept.  29,  1821,  and  in 
June,  1845,  came  with  his  family  to  Hallock  township, 
Peoria  county,  and  settled  on  Sec.  31,  in  company  with 
his  brother  Alanson ;  came  to  his  present  fine  farm 
about  five  years  later.  He  owns  210  acres  of  land,  50 
acres  of  it  timber,  and  has  a  very  fine,  large  dwelling, 
which  was  completed  in  1870.  His  marriage  resulted 
in  two  children:  Mary  S.,  born  Dec.  i,  1845,  and  Eg- 
bert Eugene,  born  April  5,  1848.  Mr.  Hakes  was  in 
youth  instructed  in  the  tenets  of  the  Seventh  Day  Bap- 
list  Church,  and  when  about  twenty-five  years  old,  be- 
gan to  exercise  his  natural  gifts  in  preaching,  and  after 
coming  to  Hallock  gradually  fell  into  the  position  of 
minister  to  the  small  circle  of  Seventh  Day  Baptists 
settled  there.  Some  years  afterwards,  when  the  mem- 
bers increased  in  number,  he  was  ordained  minister, 
and  for  a  number  of  years  served  the  people  in  that 
capacity,  both  in  the  church  at  West  Hallock  and  all 
over  the  surrounding  country  ;  has  been  pastor  of  the 
church  at  West  Hallock  for  a  number  of  years.  His 
family  are  all  members  of  the  same  church.  Mr.  Hakes 
has  been  supervisor  of  the  township  for  three  years, 
and  assessor  for  one  year. 
Hakes  A.  E.  farmer.  P.  O.  West  Hallock. 

HAKES  1>AXIEL,,  farmer.  Sec.  29,  P.  O. 
West  Hallock.  Mr.  Hakes'  maternal  grandfather  was 
Anthony  Eymer,  who  was  born  in  Germany  and  came 
to  America  as  cabin  boy  in  the  fleet  of  Gen.  John  Bur- 
goyne,  in  1775,  remaining  in  America  after  the  sur- 
render. He  married  in  Connecticut  and  removed  to 
Rensselaer  county,  N.  Y.,  where  he  resided  until  his 
death  in  1826.  On  the  paternal  side,  his  grandfather 
was  Jesse   Hakes,  who  was  born    in   Connecticut  and 


afterwards  removed  to  New  York  ;  served  in  the  Ameri- 
can army  in  the  war  of  1812,  and  was  frozen  to  death 
on  his  post  as  sentinel.  One  of  his  sons  was  Rens- 
selaer Hakes,  who  was  born  Feb.  16,  1788,  in  the 
county  from  which  he  took  his  name,  and  remained 
there  until  i860,  when  he  came  to  this  county.  He 
married  Lana  Eymer,  who  was  born  March  i,  1793, 
by  whom  he  had  six  children  :  Pamelia,  born  Nov.  26, 
iSli,  died  Jan.  4,  1861 ,  Stephen  V.  R.,  born  June  28, 
1813  ;  Esther,  born  Sept.  14,  1S15;  Anthony,  born  June 
22,  1817  ;  .\lanson,  born  April  22,  1819  ;  and  Daniel, 
whose  name  heads  this  sketch,  born  Aug.  20,  1821. 
His  wife  died  in  1822,  and  in  the  next  year  he  married 
Lucinda  Hendrick,  born  Dec.  30,  1795,  who  bore  him  : 
Courtland,  Sept.  8,  1824,  died  in  1S36  ;  Lana,  June 
28,  1826;  Alfred,  Sept.  21,  1827;  Rachel,  Oct.  10, 
1829.  died  Aug.,  1864;  Joel,  Oct.  30,  1830;  Emerson, 
July  21,  1832  (deceased);  Martin,  Nov.  10,  1833;  Sa- 
rah Ann,  Sept.  16,  1837,  died  1845.  His  second  wife 
died  Aug.  30,  1862,  and  on  March  15  of  the  next  year 
he  followed  her,  both  dying  in  Peoria  county.  Three 
of  the  children  by  his  first  wife  reside  at  present  within 
its  bounds.  Daniel  Hakes  was  born  in  the  town  ot 
Berlin.  Rens.selaer  county,  N.  Y.,  and  resided  there 
till  May  15,  1848,  when  he  removed  to  Peoria  county 
and  settled  on  his  present  farm  with  his  family,  having 
previously  married.  May  13,  1842,  Dorcas,  daughter  ol 
Peleg  and  Hannah  Saunders,  who  was  born  June  li, 
1S23.  They  had  one  child,  now  living  in  Missouri, 
Zebulon  P.,  born  March  10,  1S44,  His  wife  died  Aug. 
12,  1848,  and  he  married.  May  g,  1849,  Mary  Dennis, 
born  Dec.  17,  1824,  in  Clermont  county,  Ohio,  daugh- 
ter of  Joseph  Dennis  and  Rachel  McClellan,  natives  of 
Pennsylvania.  Her  father  was  born  in  1797,  and  died 
in  Peoria  county,  March  10,  1857.  By  this  marriage 
Mr.  Hakes  has  had  three  children;  Alonzo  G.,  born 
Nov.  l6,  1852,  who  was  drowned  in  the  Illinois  river 
.March  23,  1877  ;  Albert,  born  Dec.  26,  1S56;  Nellie, 
born  Jan.  6.  1863.  Emily,  an  adopted  daughter,  was 
l)orn  June  20,  1852.  While  in  the  East  Mr.  H.  was 
raised  on  a  farm,  he  had  also  learned  the  trade  of  car- 
penter, and  pursued  it  almost  entirely  during  the  first 
twelve  years  of  his  stay  in  Illinois,  renting  out  his  farm 
meanwhile.  His  natural  ability  as  a  mechanic  has 
been  of  good  service  to  him  in  devising  and  executing 
many  improvements  about  his  farm,  and  he  has  also 
made  some  inventions  of  great  value  to  farmers,  among 
them  a  hedge  culler  and  a  water  return.  He  taught 
singing  schools  for  many  years  in  the  surrounding  town- 
ships, and  was  in  great  request  in  that  capacity.  He 
owns  160  acres  of  land,  about  120  acres  under  cultiva- 
tion ;  has  a  large,  fine  dwelling,  built  in  1875  ^'  a  cost 
of  over  $2,000 ;  large  barns  and  out-buildings,  with 
orchard  of  200  bearing  apple  trees,  besides  other  fruit. 
He    has    been   a  useful   man  in  his  township,  and  has 


758 


HISTORY  OF  PEORIA  COUNTY. 


filled  manjr  offices,  among  them  (hat  of  supervisor ; 
was  president  of  County  Sunday  School  Association  in 
1675,  and  vice  president  of  Sunday  School  Association 
of  township  for  seventeen  years,  and  superintendent  of 
the  same  for  twenty  years.  He  and  his  wife  and  family 
are  members  of  the  Seventh  Day  Baptist  Church  at 
West  Hallock.     Is  Republicmn  in  politics. 

Harn»<i  K.  A.  rarinor,  P.  O.  Snutlianiptoa. 
HcuUt!ll  Juliii.  rartiirr.  P.  O.  Lawn  Riage. 

HICK.S  LUCAS  C.  farmer.  Sec.  32.  P- O. 
Southampton,  was  born  in  Jackson  county,  O.,  Aug,  25, 
1819,  and  is  the  fourth  child  and  second  son  of  Joel 
and  I'ha'be  Hicks.  His  father  came  originally  from 
Nova  Scotia,  and  his  mother  was  a  native  of  Connecti- 
cut. His  family  came  to  Peoria  county  in  1830,  set- 
tling at  first  in  Medina  township,  where  they  made  a 
farm.  He  was  married  in  1846  to  Miss  Sarah  Keed,of 
Ross  county,  C,  who  was  bom  in  1827,  and  shortly 
afterwards  he  bought  his  present  farm.  Owns  a  260 
acre  farm  in  Hallock.  144  acres  in  Medina,  and  also  an- 
other lot  of  160  .acres  of  wet  land  in  Hallock,  worth 
altogether,  about  $24,000.  Has  had  seven  children,  six 
now  living:  Lucius  E.,  Samuel  F.,  Ira  J.,  Emerson  C 
Fannie  A.  (deceased).  Mark  I.  and  Addie  S.  His  sec- 
ond,  third  and  fourth  sons  are  farming  in  Medina 
township,  and  his  oldest  and  youngest  sons  are  in  H.il- 
lock.  He  is  an  ardent  Greenb.icker,  but  votes  with 
the  Republicans  on  National  questions,  and  has  fur 
several  years  served  his  township  in  the  capacity  of 
road  commissioner  and  school  trustee. 

HItiiiiari  .Ta.H<in.  Mm.  fanner.  F.  O.  llallork. 
iilnlliari  .M.  M.vksuillll.  P.'O.  Ilalluck. 

HOOVEll  I.  L.  physician,  P.O.  I.awn  Ki.lge, 
was  born  in  Belmont  county,  Ohio,  September  11, 1S30. 
and  is  the  son  Jacob  Hoover  and  I'hoebe  Frazier,  who 
are  both  alive  and  reside  with  him.  His  father  cele- 
brated his  eighty-second  birthday  on  Feb.  17,  of  this 
year.  His  father  was  originally  from  Lancaster  county. 
Pa.,  and  his  mother  from  Loudon  county,  Va.  The 
doctor  was  raised  in  Belmont  county  till  he  arri\'ed  at 
manhood,  attended  the  common  school  there,  ami  in 
1S50  began  the  study  of  medicine,  .tnd  practiced  some 
years  before  attending  lectures.  In  1858  he  attended 
for  one  term  at  Starling  College,  Columbus,  Ohio,  and 
gra<luating  with  the  degree  of  M.  D.,  he  came  directly 
to  Lawn  Kidgc,  where  he  has  since  resided  and  prac- 
ticed. He  married  Feb.  0,  1S66,  Miss  Nettie  L.  Free- 
man, a  native  of  Plainfield,  N.  J.  Dr.  Hoover  has  a 
large  practice,  extending  over  portions  of  Marshall, 
Stark  and  Peoria  counties. 

J«nklii«  J.  rarniiT.  1'.  <>.  .Nurthamiilon. 
,lnnf«  J.  II.  incrrliaht.  I*,  u.  Ijtwti  HIiIri'. 
Ki-arti  11.  \v.  rvilrrd  farinrr,  1'.  it.  S4iiitlmnipt(in. 

KK.VC'H    TIIO.S.    H.    farmer.  Sec.    31,    P.    O. 

Southampton,  was  born  in    Kadnur  township,  Uclober 

9.  1848,  and  is  the  youngest  child  of  Henry  \V.   Kcach 


and  Lucy  Hall.  His  father  was  bom  in  Rhode  Island, 
July  13,  1803,  and  his  mother  in  Rensselaer  county,  N. 
Y.,  Nov.  13,  iSoS.  In  1845  his  parents  moved  from 
New  York  to  Radnor  township,  and  resided  there 
twenty  years,  then  coming  to  Hallock  township,  and 
settling  on  their  present  fine  farm.  They  were  married 
May  20,  1S29,  and  have  had  eleven  children,  eight  of 
whom  are  now  living  —  I'hoebe  A.,  Louisa,  Lucy  (de- 
ceased), Charles  H.,  William  Augustus  (deceased), 
Frank.  Frances  H.,  Rufus  (deceased),  Daniel  B.,  En- 
gene  L.  and  Thos.  H.,  whose  name  heads  this  sketch. 
Previous  to  her  marriage  with  Mr.  Keach,  Mrs.  Keach 
had  a  son  by  a  former  husband.  This  son  was  named 
Wya't  Rose,  and  is  now  dead.  Mr.  Keach,  Sr..  in  poli- 
tics is  a  Democrat,  and  owns  150  acres  ofland.  for  which 
he  paid  $70  an  acre,  and  has  100  acres  under  cultiva- 
tion. The  farm  is  well  improved,  with  a  fine  house  and 
spacious  outbuildings,  and  every  thing  is  kept  in  apple- 
pie  order  through  the  hard  work  of  their  youngest  son, 
who  is  yet  unmarried  and  resides  with  them. 

KEXI>-\L,L  JOHN  G.  farmer.  Sec  30,  P.  O. 
Southampton,  was  bom  in  January,  1814,  in  Columbia 
county.  Pa.,  and  is  the  sun  of  Andreas  Kendall  and 
Theresa  Cornelia  Wagoner.  Was  raised  on  a  farm  and 
went  to  school  in  his  native  county  till  1829,  when  at 
the  age  of  fourteen  he  went  to  set,  and  led  a  sailor's 
life  for  sixteen  years,  during  which  he  serx'ed  in  the  U. 
S.  navy  and  the  merchant  service.  He  was  three  years 
in  the  former,  and  made  a  voyage  round  the  world  in 
the  U.  S.  Irigate  Columbia,  and  has  visited  all  the  prin- 
cipal ports  of  the  world.  In  1845  he  finally  left  the 
se,t.  and,  instead  of  "ploughing  the  main."  resolved  to 
plough  the  prairie  of  Illinois,  and  accordingly  came 
West  and  settled  in  Hallock  township,  where  he  now 
owns  193  acres  of  land,  and  has  a  very  fine  orchard 
with  100  apple  trees,  besides  other  fmit.  His  farm  it 
well  improved,  has  fine,  large  barns,  etc.,  and  every 
thing  is  kept  in  sailor-like  neatness.  He  values  hit 
farm  with  all  improvements  at  about  $i;,ocx>.  He 
married  Nov.  7,  1847,  Miss  .Amelia  Merrill,  of  Rota 
county,  Ohio,  by  whom  he  has  had  eight  children,  five 
of  whom  are  now  living —  Helena,  Kent  Kane.  Knge- 
nia.  Ruble  and  Edward  Everett.  Mr.  Kendall  hat  cut 
loose  from  all  political  parties,  and  now  vutes  for  ibe 
best  man. 

Kiniliall  Ira.  rarnuT,  V.  (I.  Writ  Hallock. 

l.j«niorrr  Krrn.  farnMT.  I*,  o.  ijiuii  l(ltli:c. 

Umill  A    tarniir,  r.  l>   Wi'iii  ll.ill.Mk. 

l.iH-iirl  Wni.  I'lantcnT.  I'.  <>.  w  «••!  M^ll-vk. 

Mft'iillr)  .liitkiinn,  rarnirr,  I'  ■  ■    ^  'Mpion. 

Mil.iiin  u.  W.  farniiT.  I".  <i    ■  u. 

Mi-i  I  111  .suniiit'I. JUKllrr  of  It  '    .NtirtliKinpton. 

Mi*««i-r«liilth  I*.  TartntT,  r.  <•  ti. 

.Mlllrr  S.  fariiii^r.  I'.  i».  NttrtIiauii>Lou. 

.Mnalin  Ahr.  f.  (I.  Wril  Mallork. 

.M»i.rt<  Fri'il.  r.  (>.  t'lilllloillif. 

."\I<><»M:V   M.  T.  farmer.  Sec.  25.  P.O.  Chilli- 

cotlic.   was   born   in    .Nlrtlina  township,   l>ec.  31,   1842* 

and  it  the  third  son  of  James    Mooney    and    Eiiiabcth 

Jennetl.     His  father  is  a  well  knotrn  farmer  in  Medina 


HALLOCK  DIRECTORY. 


759 


township  and  was  born  in  New  York,  and  his  mother 
is  a  native  of  Ireland.  He  resided  on  his  father's  farm 
until  1867,  when  he  came  to  his  present  location,  and 
for  six  succeeding  years  farmed  in  company  with  his 
brother  William.  On  Feb.  20,  1S73,  he  married  Mary 
Ann  Rogers,  daughter  of  John  Rogers  and  Ann  Mc- 
Avoy,  natives  of  county  Louth,  who  came  to  America 
previous  to  her  birth  in  Medina  township.  April  6, 
1S55.  The  fruit  of  this  union  are  three  children  — 
Mary  Elizabeth,  born  March  4.  1S75;  Maggie  Ella, 
born  Aug.  13,  1S77,  and  Annie  Josephine,  born  Dec.  7, 
1S7S.  He  owns  eighty  acres  of  fine  farming  land  un- 
der cultivation.  Himself  and  wile  are  members  of  St. 
Joseph's  Catholic  Church  in  Medina.  Mrs.  Mooney's 
father  and  mother  are  still  living  and  reside  in  Living- 
ston county.  111. 

MOOXEY  WILLIAM  A.  farmer,  Sec.  25, 
P.O.  Chillicothe  ;  was  born  November  11,  1S40,  in 
Medina  township,  Peoria  county,  is  the  eldest  son  of 
Jas.  Mooney  and  Elizabeth  Jennet,  and  a  grandson  of 
Thomas  Mooney  and  Helena  Stagg,  who  were  among 
the  earliest  settlers  in  Peoria  county.  He  was  raised 
on  his  father's  farm  till  about  twenty-one  years  old, 
when  he  went  to  California,  and  there  farmed  and 
prospected  for  about  three'years.  On  his  return,  about 
1864,  he  in  company  with  his  brother  Thomas  took  up 
a  lot  of  160  acres  in  Ilallock  township,  and  together 
farmed  it  for  about  ten  years,  when  on  January  13, 
1876,  he  married  Miss  Annie  Burke,  who  was  born  in 
New  Hampshire,  July  20,  1853,  and  came  to  Peoria 
county  in  1871.  liy  this  marriage  he  has  two  children 
— Herman,  born  October  28,  1S76,  and  Annie  Eliza- 
beth, born  January  31,  1878.  Mrs.  Mooney  is  a  gradu- 
ate of  Mount  St.  Mary's  Convent  of  Mercy  at  Man- 
chester, N.  H.,  and  previous  to  her  marriage  taught 
music  in  the  city  of  Peoria,  and  was  organist  in  St. 
Mary's — now  the  Bishop's  Church  there.  Mr.  and  Mr-. 
Mooney  are  members  of  the  Mooney  Catholic  Church 
in  Medina  township  ;  own  120  acres  tine  farming  land, 
with  good  dwelling  house,  barns,  etc.,  which  he  values 
at  about  Slo,ooo. 

MILLER  OLIVER  M.  farmer,  Sec.  16,  P.O. 
Chillicothe;  was  born  in  Knox  county,  O.,  August  29, 
1S37,  and  is  the  son  of  Jacob  Miller  and  Mary  Buyher. 
His  father  was  a  private  in  loth  Regt.  U.  S.  Inf.  dur- 
ing the  war  of  1812,  and  died  in  Putnam  county,  O., 
about  thirty  years  ago.  His  mother  was  born  in 
Pennsylvania,  July  11,  1793,  is  still  alive,  and  resides 
with  him.  When  about  thirteen  years  old  he  came 
West  with  his  people  and  settled  in  Fulton  county.  III., 
where  he  remained  for  about  two  years,  and  removed 
to  Peoria  county  in  different  parts  of  which  he  has 
since  resided  ;  owned  at  one  time  a  farm  on  Sec.  16 
which  he  worked  for  about  four  years,  and  in  1869  sold 
out  and  removed  to  his  present  location  where  he  owns 


116  acres  of  land  ;  also  owns  a  farm  of  eighty  acres  good 
land  in  Vermillion  county,  Ind.  He  was  married 
January  i,  i860,  to  Amelia  Rebecca  Van  Tassel,  a  na- 
tive of  Medina  township,  by  whom  he  has  had  eight 
children,  six  now  living — Augustus  Orton,  born  No- 
vember 10,  1S60;  Sarah  Jane,  born  January  8,  1S62; 
Amos  Elison,  born  September  13,  1S63  ;  George  W., 
born  July  30,  1869  ;  Orin  Melville,  born  December  3, 
1S71,  and  Lewis  Omer,  born  May  i.  1875.  His  eldest 
son  and  daughter  are  at  present  taking  care  of  his  farm 
in  Indiana,  and  he  thinks  of  selling  out  his  present 
home  and  moving  there  in  the  near  future. 
Nurs  CJ.  Mrs.  P.O.  Ilallock. 

NURS  HENRY  H.  farmer.  Sec.  3,  P.O.  Hal- 
lock  ;  was  born  on  his  father's  farm  in  this  township, 
October  26,  1843,  and  has  remained  there  all  his  life 
except  what  time  he  spent  in  the  army.  Isaiah  Nurs, 
his  father,  was  born  in  Bainbridge,  now  Afton,  Chen- 
ango county,  N.  Y.,  March  19,  i8i5,and  was  the  son  of 
Roswell  Nurs  and  Jerusha  Barton.  His  father  was 
born  in  Ringe,  N.  H.,  April  3,  1787,  and  his  mother 
was  born  and  raised  in  Canaan,  Litchfield  county. 
Conn.  Isaiah  Nurs  was  raised  on  a  farm  till  twenty- 
one  years  old,  when  in  company  with  his  father  and 
Ebenezer  Stowell,  he  came  to  Illinois,  walking  all  the 
way  with  rifle  on  shoulder,  except  from  Buffalo  to 
Toledo,  which  they  came  by  steamer.  They  were  about 
three  weeks  making  the  journey,  and  after  zigzagging 
over  a  large  part  of  Illinois  during  the  next  three 
weeks  in  search  of  a  desirable  location,  they  finally,  in 
the  last  days  of  June,  1836,  settled  on  their  present 
farms,  and  entered  it  at  the  land  office  at  Quincy.  Mr. 
Nurs  remained  on  the  land,  and  his  father  returning  to 
his  home  in  the  East,  brought  out  his  whole  family  in 
the  next  Spring.  Mr.  Nurs  still  lives  on  the  old  home- 
stead ;  owns  300  acres  land,  about  220  acres  under 
cultivation,  and  the  rest  in  timber,  worth  about  $40 
an  acre  right  through.  His  father  died  on  the  farm, 
March  9,  1S63,  and  his  mother  August  16,  183S.  Mr. 
Isaiah  Nurs  married  January  i,  1838,  May  M.  Hill, 
who  was  born  in  Peru,  Vt.,  October  3,  1813,  and  who 
came  to  Peoria  county  and  Hallock  township  in  1834  ; 
has  had  four  children,  three  now  living — Jerusha  B., 
born  October  3,  1838.  died  June  16,  1870;  Martha  C. 
born  July  13,  1842  ;  Henry  H.,  born  October  25,  1843, 
and  Newell  E.,  born  June  17,  1848.  Those  alive  are 
married  and  resident  in  the  neighborhood.  Henry  H. 
Nurs  whose  name  heads  this  sketch,  enlisted  August 
13,  1S62,  in  Co.  C,  86th  I.  V.  I.,  and  with  his  regiment, 
served  under  Gen.  Thomas  in  the  Army  of  the  Cumber- 
land till  the  Fall  of  1864,  and  took  part  in  the  many 
brilliant  engagements  fought  by  that  army,  among  them 
Perryville,  Ky.,  Chickamauga,  Resaca,  Kenesaw 
Mountain,  Peach  Tree  Creek,  Atlanta,  Jonesboro, 
with  Sherman  on  his  march  to  the  sea,  through  N.  and 


760 


HISTORY  OF   PEORIA   COUNTY. 


S.  Carolina  under  the  same  general,  and  at  Aver)'s- 
burgb,  March  i6,  1865,  where  he  was  wounded  by  a 
rifle  bill  shattering  his  Jeft  knee,  entailing  the  loss  of 
his  leg  by  ampjtation  immediately  afterwards.  He 
lay  in  hospital  at  I'ort  Schuyler,  N".  V.,  nearly  three 
moiiihi,  and  was  discharged  June  26,  1S65.  returning 
home  July  24lh,  of  the  same  year.  He  married  No- 
vember 5,  1869,  Miss  Lucinda  A.  Stevens,  who  was 
born  November  S,  1843.  at  Columbus,  Adams  county, 
III.,  by  whom  he  has  one  child,  a  boy,  born  July  27, 
1877,  and  named  Elbert  I.  Nurs. 
NUUS   ISAIAH,  farmer.  Sec.  3,  P.  O.  Hallock. 

Overen  Joshua.  P.O.  .Southamplnii. 
I"i-rc)  M.  S.  farmer.  P.O.  Lawn  KldRe. 

PERKIX.S  S.  P.  farmer.  Sec.  6,  P.  O.  Lawn 
Ridge;  was  born  in  Dover,  Stafford  county,  N.  H., 
May  16,  1821,  and  is  the  son  of  .Morris  Perkins  and 
Abigail  C.  Paul,  who  were  both  natives  of  same  county 
and  State.  His  father  was  a  mechanic,  ship  carpenter 
and  builder,  and  Mr.  Perkins  learned  his  trade  of  ma- 
chinist, and  worked  at  it  in  hi.s  native  town  till  twenty- 
four  years  of  age,  when  he  moved  to  Philadelphia,  and 
there  for  seven  years  took  charge  of  a  large  machine 
shop.  In  the  Fall  of  1 85 1,  an  offer  was  made  to  him 
to  come  to  Kennelton,  Ind.,  and  take  charge  of  a 
machine  shop  connected  with  a  factory  there  ;  the  offer 
was  accepted,  all  his  affairs  were  settled  and  household 
goods  packed,  ready  to  start  for  his  declination,  when  a 
serious  disagreement  occurred  between  the  owners  of 
the  factory  and  the  agent  they  had  empowered  to  man- 
age their  business,  eng.ige  help,  etc.,  resulting  in  the 
resignation  of  the  agent,  and  consequent  lapse  of  the 
arrangements  he  had  purposed,  amon;;  them  the  trans- 
ference of  Mr.  Perkins  to  Kennelton.  But  a  mischance 
of  this  kind  was  not  allowed  to  stand  in  the  way  of  his 
coming  West,  and  he  started  with  his  family  and  came 
straight  to  his  present  farm,  which  he  had  some  years 
previously  bought,  and  where  he  has  ever  since  resided, 
lie  married  in  Dover,  N.  H.,  July  2,  1S45,  Lydia 
Pierce,  a  native  of  Maine,  born  March  3,  1S19.  by 
whom  he  has  had  five  sons,  three  of  them  now  living  : 
Morris,  born  June  4,  1847;  Edwin,  born  in  1 849,  and 
died  in  following  year ;  George,  born  in  May,  1851, 
died  November  3.  1861  ;  Charles  \V.,  born  September 
II,  1853;  Sumner,  horn  March  14,  1857.  Mr.  Perkins 
owns  320  acres  fine  prairie  land,  worth  $60  an  acre, 
and  sixty  acres  timber ;  has  been  for  five  years  super- 
visor of  township,  and  has  filled  in  turn  almost  all  the 
township  offices  ;  is  in  politics  a  radical  Republican. 
Himself  and  wife  are  members  of  Congregational 
Church  at  I. awn  Ridge. 

PHILLIPS  C  O.  postmaster  and  general  mer- 
chant, .Vurtliaiiipton,  was  imrn  in  Plainfield,  Conn., 
July  30,  1836,  and  is  the  son  of  Jesse  C.  Phillips  and 
Amanda  Brown,  both  natives  of  that  State.  He  remained 


at  home  till  about  nineteen  vears  of  aec  and  received  his 
education  at  the  common  and  high  schuols.and  in  the  Fall 
of  1S5S  came  to  Peoria  counlvand  settled  on  Hallock 
township,  there  engaijing  in  farming  pursuits  ;  after- 
wards bought  a  farm  in  Sec.  16,  Groveland  township, 
LaSalle  county,  where  he  stayed  three  years,  and  then 
removed  to  Montgomery  county,  where  he  worked  at 
his  trade  of  carpenter  for  two  years,  and  kept  a  general 
store  for  about  three  months,  when  he  sold  out,  and  in 
1869  returned  to  Peoria  county,  and  has  since  resided 
there.  Since  coming  back  he  has  farmed  and  worked 
at  his  trade  till  about  one  year  ago,  when  he  again 
entered  mercantile  business,  and  received  the  position 
of  postmaster ;  carries  a  stock  of  about  $1,200  and  does 
a  good  business.  On  February  22.  i860,  he  married 
Miss  Mary  Evans,  daughter  of  Walter  Evans,  of  Hal- 
lock township,  by  whom  he  has  had  two  children, 
Euphcmia  N.  and  Peter  E..  both  of  them  now  living. 
Mr  Phillips  is  in  politics  a  Republican,  and  he  and  his 
wife  are  members  of  the  Union  Baptist  Church. 

Phillips  Miry  s.  n».  Norttaamiiion. 
I'uiirr  I'.  E.  farmer,  f.  u.  We<t  Hallock. 

POTTKR  DANIEL,  (deceased.)  Sec.  30, 
address  of  widow  P.  O.  West  Hallock,  was  born  in 
Rensselaer  county,  New  V'orli,  February  so,  1816,  and 
is  the  son  of  Ephraim  Potter  and  Wealthy  Hall,  natives 
of  that  State.  His  father  was  by  trade  a  blacksmith, 
and  Mr.  Potter  learned  the  trade  of  wagon-maker,  and 
worked  at  it  for  about  eight  years  in  Brookficld.  Mad- 
ison county.  New  Vork,  removing,  in  183S,  to  .\llc- 
yhany  county.  New  York,  where  he  continued  to  woik 
at  his  trade  until  April,  1S65.  when  he  came  to  Peoria 
county  and  bought  a  farm  in  Hallock  township,  which 
was  worked  by  his  son,  he  himself  continuing  to  work 
at  his  trade  as  long  as  his  health  permitted.  He  was 
married  in  Brooklield.  New  Vork.  January  14.  1836,  to 
Rebecca  I.  Howler,  daughter  of  William  Bowler  and 
Nancy  Coon — the  latter  a  daughter  of  Elder  Abraham 
Coon — who  was  bom  Nov.  28,  iSl'i.  by  whom  he  had 
six  children — William  R.,  born  Otsego  county.  New 
Vork,  March  2,  1838,  Albertus  O..  born  May  21,  1840, 
in  Friendship,  Alleghany  county,  New  Vork.  lulius  A., 
iiorn  .Vpril  16,  1844.  in  Genesee,  same  county.  Daniel 
E..  June  22,  1846,  in  Wirt,  same  county,  N.  Atvilla. 
liorn  March  6,  1853,  in  Alfred,  sameconuty,  and  George 
F.,  born  in  .\lfred,  same  county,  April  29,  1856.  Mr. 
Potter  died  May  33,  187S,  in  West  Hallock,  and  hit 
widow  now  resides  upon  the  homestead  with  her  young- 
est son.  He  was  almost  all  his  life  a  member  of  the 
Seventh  day  Baptist  Church,  and  served  as  deacon  in  the 
congicgation  at  Alfred,  and  also  in  the  church  at  West 
Hallock.  He  was  for  four  years  justice  of  the  peace  in 
.\lfre<l,  and  was  township  collector  in  Hallock  for  one 
year. 

rmirr  K.  blarkimiili.  I*,  o.  Wru  ilallurk. 
I'uwi'il  A.  tlra.  fsrinor,  I'.  O.  Uallock. 


HALLOCK  DIRECTORY. 


761 


Prentice  A.  A.  farmer.  P.  O.  Hallock. 
Kanlclii  H.  fanner,  P.  O.  Soulhampton. 
Reed  C.  farmer.  P.  o.  Northampton. 
Reed  Foster,  farmer.  P.  (>.  Nonliampton. 
Reed  J.  farmer.  P.  O.  Nurtliampton. 
Keed  Lyman,  farmer.  P.  O.  ChllUcolhe. 
Reed  P.  H.  farmer,  p.  O.  CllUlicotlie. 

REED  SI3ION,  (deceased,)  farmer,  late  of  Hal- 
lock  township,  was  born  in  Rensselaer  county.  New 
York,  September  ii,  lygs,  and  was  raised  on  father's 
farm  in  Delaware  county.  New  York,  where  he  married. 
October  13,  1S16,  Currance  Sanford,  who  was  born 
September  20,  1799  in  New  York  State.  A  few  years 
after  marriage  he  removed  to  Jackson  county,  Ohio, 
where  he  resided  until  1825,  removing  at  that  date,  in 
company  with  two  other  brothers,  to  Peoria  county, 
and  settling  on  the  farm  now  occupied  by  his  sons,  on 
Sec.  26.  By  his  marriage  he  had  fifteen  children,  and 
he  also  adopted  one  child — Sanford,  born  Sept.  16,  1S17, 
died  April  29,  1879,  Jerusha,  born  March  17,  iSig, 
Harriet,  born  Nov.  19,  1820,  Esther,  born  Dec.  2,  1S22, 
Anna,  born  Sept.  19,  1824,  Amos,  born  April  23,  1827, 
Emily,  born  Nov.  23,  1829,  died  Feb.  16,  1880,  Lyman. 
born  Feb.  5,  1832,  Norman,  born  Oct.  8,  1833,  Clarissa, 
born  Dec.  21,  1835,  Phoebe  (adopted),  July  7,  1S36, 
died  March  19,  1S62,  Marion,  born  Jan.  9.  1838,  Har- 
rison, born  April  6,  1S40,  Semantha,  born  Aug.  2,  1842, 
died  Sept.  18,  1842,  Henry,  born  Oct.  14,  1843,  died 
October  10,  1S44.  Barbara,  born  Nov.  g,  1S45.  Simon 
Reed  died  on  the  old  homestead  in  Sept.,  1869,  and  his 
wife  followed  him  April  6,  1S76.  At  the  date  of  his 
settlement  within  the  hounds  of  Hallock  township,  there 
was  no  other  settler  there  but  Lewis  Hallock,  and  he 
has  the  deserved  credit  of  bringing  to  it  many  of  the 
prominent  families  whose  untiring  labor  has  brought  it 
to  its  present  high  state  of  cultivation.  He  was  the 
pioneer  of  the  colony  from  Jackson  county,  Ohio, 
among  them  the  Mofiitts,  Sillimans,  Roots  and  Hicks. 
His  brothers,  Samuel  and  Thomas,  came  ^Vest  and 
settled,  the  former  in  Ogle  county.  111.,  and  the  latter 
in  Medina  township,  a  few  years  after  Simon  and 
Aaron  Reed  came  here.  He  volunteered  in  the  Black- 
hawk  war  of  1832  ;  was  detailed  to  act  as  teamster,  and 
returning  home  for  his  team,  served  with  it  till  the  close 
of  the  war.  He  was  the  first  justice  of  the  peace  resi- 
dent within  the  present  limits  of  the  township  ;  was  a 
man  of  large,  warm  heart  and  generous  sympathies, 
ever  ready  to  help  and  encourage,  never  sparing  him- 
self where  the  public  weal  was  conserned,  and  the  mem- 
ory of  his  social  qualities  and  public  spiritedness  is 
warmly  cherished  by  the  older  settlers. 

REED  HARRISON,  farmer ,  Sec.  26,  P.  O. 
Chillicothe,  was  born  in  Hallock  township,  Peoria  Co., 
April  6,  1840,  and  is  the  youngest  living  son  of  Simon 
and  Currance  Reed,  who  came  to  Peoria  Co.  in  No- 
vember, 1825.  In  1861  his  father  divided  the  home 
farm  between  his  sons  Harrison  and  Marion,  and  the 
ormer  got  100  acres  prairie  and  forty  acres  in  bluflf, 
54 


which  constitute  his  present  farm.  Much  of  this  land 
has  since  been  greatly  improved,  and  he  values  it 
together  with  another  lot  of  about  forty  acres  recently 
acquired,  at  about  $10,000.  He  married  March  3,  1861, 
Sarah  Adeline  Hammond,  born  in  Ogle  Co.,  111.,  Jan- 
uary 4,  1842,  by  whom  he  had  three  children,  of  whom, 
only  one,  Charles  Sanford,  born  March  17.  1864.  now 
survives.  The  other  children  by  this  marriage  were 
Lewis  Edwin,  born  Nov.  29,  1861,  died  October  14, 
1875,  Herbert  Irving,  born  Nov.  I,  1865,  died  Oct.  2, 
1866.  His  wife  died  January  18,  1869,  and  he  married 
November  i,  1869,  Martha  E.  Scroggs,  a  native  of  Mis- 
souri, born  June  30,  1846,  who  bore  him  one  child, 
Lena  M.,  born  Nov.  13,  1870,  and  died  November  28, 
of  same  year.  On  February  2,  1874,  he  married  Clar- 
issa Jane  Pierce,  born  Aug,  27,  1845  in  Medina  town- 
ship, Peoria  county.  Mr.  Reed  has  been  for  one  term, 
township  commissioner,  and  is  at  present  a  school 
trustee.  Himself  and  wife  are  members  of  the  Union 
Baptist  Church. 

REED  MARION,  farmer,  Sec.  26,  P.  O. 
Chillicothe,  was  born  January  9,  1838,  in  Hallock 
township,  and  is  the  fifth  son  of  Simon  Reed  and  Cur- 
rance Sanford,  natives  of  New  York  State,  who  came 
to  Peoria  Co.  in  1825,  and  settled  on  Sec.  27,  where 
they  built  a  log  cabin  and  commenced  clearing  land. 
There  were  only  thirteen  white  families  on  the  present 
site  of  Peoria  at  that  time.  On  this  farm  Marion  Reed 
was  born,  and  there  he  remained  till  Feb.  16,  1862, 
when  he  married  Amanda  Jane  Dunbar,  who  was  born 
in  Champaign  Co.  O.,  March  28,  1S47,  by  whom  he  had 
two  children.  Amy  Jane  and  Amos  Reed.  His  wife 
died  Feb.  9.  1867,  and  in  July  21,  1871,  he  married 
Elizabeth  Ellen  Dunbar,  the  half  sister  of  his  first  wife, 
who  was  born  August  20,  1855,  in  Peoria  Co.,  by  whom 
he  has  two  children,  John  Edward,  and  [Minnie  May, 
born  respectively,  Feb.  16,  1877,  and  May  11,  1879. 
Owns  161  acres  land,  about  70  acres  of  which  are  under 
cultivation  and  worth  about  §50  an  acre.  His  eldest 
daughter  was  married  Dec.  31,  1879,  to  Thomas  Pur- 
cell,  farmer  in  Chillicothe  township. 

Rldgway  Jonathan,  farmer,  P.  O.  Northampton. 
Robinson  N.  L.  farmer,  P.  o.  Hallock. 
Roll  C.  farmer.  P.  O.  Lawn  Ridge. 
Roll  Margaret.  P.  O.  Lawn  Ridge. 

ROOT  ALONZO  BI.  farmer.  Sec.  3,  P.  O.  Hal 
lock,  was  born  March  2,  i85i,and  is  the  son  of  Erastus 
C.  Root  and  Barbara  A.  Reed,  who  were  among  the 
earliest  settlers  in  Hallock  township,  was  raised  on  the 
farm  and  educated  at  Lombard  University,  Galesburg, 
where  he  spent  two  years.  Married  Aug.  iS,  1874,  in 
Lacon,  III.,  Miss  Lillian  H.  Ellsworth,  who  was  born 
in  Malone,  Franklin  Co.,  N.  Y.,  Sept.  24,  1854.  and  is 
the  daughter  of  Lucien  D.  Ellsworth  and  Maria  Bird. 
They  have  two  children,  Julius  D.  born  July  13,  1S75, 
and  Gertrude,  born  May  II,  1877.  Mr.  Rootisayoung 


762 


HISTORY   OF   PEOIUA   COUNTY 


man  of  energy  and  force  of  character.  Has  been  town- 
ship assessor,  and  at  present  has  charge  of  his  father's 
home  farm. 

ROOT  CYRUS,  farmer,  Sec.  24.  La  Prairie 
toimship,  P.  0.,  Sparland  Marshall  Co.,  III.,  was  bom 
September  4,  183S,  onhis  father's  farm  in  Sec.  3,  of 
Hallock  township,  PeuriaCo.  Was  raised  upon  it  and 
devoted  all  his  energy  to  it  until  the  year  1862,  when  on 
August  27,  he  enlisted  in  Co.  C.  86th  I.  V.  I.,  and 
formed  part  of  the  3rd  Brigade,  2nd  Division,  14th 
Army  Corps,  under  command  of  Gen.  George  H. 
Thomas.  He  took  part  with  his  regiment  in  its  many 
battles  and  skirmishes  among  them  that  of  Perryville, 
Chickamauga,  Missionary  Ridge,  and  Kenesaw,  in  which 
he  was  severely  wounded  on  June  27,  1864,  and  was 
confined  to  the  hospital  at  Nashville  for  about  four 
months.  After  recovery  took  part  in  the  battle  of 
Nashville,  and  was  mustered  out  at  Washington,  D.  C, 
June  6,  1S65.  He  married  Dec.  29,  1869,  Miss  Mary 
Cornelia  Stowell,  who  was  born  in  Hallock  township, 
April  4,  1845,  and  four  years  afterwards  moved  to  his 
present  farm  in  Marshall  Co.  The  fruit  of  his  mar- 
riage is  one  child,  a  boy,  who  was  born  in  June,  1S74. 
He  owns  100  acres  of  land,  twenty  of  which  are  under 
timber. 

ROOT  ERASTUS  C.  farmer.  Sec.  3,  P.  O. 
Hallock,  was  born  in  Roxbury,  Delaware  Co.,  N.  Y., 
July  26,  1805,  and  is  the  son  of  Jeriel  Root  and  Sarah 
Coleman,  both  of  whom  were  born  and  raised  in  Coven- 
try, Conn.  His  father  after  marriage  moved  into 
Duchess  Co.,  N.  V.,  where  for  some  time  he  taught 
school,  and  afterwards  moved  to  Delaware  Co.,  where 
he  bought  a  farm,  upon  which  the  subject  of  this  sketch 
was  born  and  raised.  He  was  third  in  a  family  of  ten 
children.  In  the  year  1817  the  family  removed  to  Ross 
Co.,  O.,  where  they  resided  till  I S30,  when  the  whole 
family  again  removed  further  West  to  Illinois,  settling  in 
Hallock  township  of  Peoria  Co.,  in  the  Fall  of  that 
year,  and  look  up  the  N.  E.  ^  of  Sec.  24.  township 
II,  N.  range  8  E.  He  married  in  Hallock  township, 
Dec.  16,  1830,  Barbara  A.  Reed,  a  native  of  Middle- 
town,  Delaware  Co.,  N.  Y.,  born  Sept.  15,  181 1,  and 
in  the  Summer  of  1832  moved  on  to  the  present  site  of 
the  town  of  Chillicothe,  being  the  first  resident  within 
its  bounds.  There  he  remained  till  April,  1836,  and  in 
the  same  Summer  came  to  his  present  farm,  where  he 
has  since  resided.  His  farm  consists  of  240  acres  in 
Marshall  Co.,  and  160  acres  in  Peoria  Co.  A  great 
part  of  the  original  farm  has  been  given  to  his  sons, 
who  have  left  home  and  set  up  for  themselves.  Two 
hundred  acres  of  his  land  in  Marshall  Co.  are  under 
plough,  and  his  farm  is  worth  $40  an  acre  right 
through.  The  fruit  of  his  marriage  was  ten  children, 
Jeriel  Perry,  Caroline  (deceai.ed),  James  Lucas,  lyrus. 
£isstu>,  Willism,  Sarah  Lorina,  Ann  Eliza,  Alonzo, 


and  Charles  P.  Root.  All  but  one  of  those  alive  are 
married,  and  two  sons  live  at  home.  Mr.  Root  has 
been  township  assessor,  and  school  trustee  for  many 
years,  but  has  not  held  any  office  of  late.  He  is  in  poli- 
tics a  Republican. 

Rom  a.  fartutr.  P.  O.  Southampton. 
Rull)  Artliur.  tarmrr,  f.  0.  CliAllcottlc. 

SAXGER  W1LLIA3I  M.  farmer.  Sec.  7.  P. 
O.  Lawn  Ridge,  was  bom  at  Honeoye  Falls,  Monroe 
county,  N.  Y..  November  22,  1828,  and  is  the  son  of 
James  Sanger  and  Maria  Wheeler,  both  natives  of  Ver- 
mont, who  settled  in  Monroe  county  in  1S15  ;  was  raised 
on  home  farm  until  about  fifteen  years  of  age,  and  in 
October,  1S49,  came  to  Peoria  county,  and  settled  in 
the  vicinity  of  his  present  farm.  He  afterwards  made  a 
farm  of  160 acres  raw  land  in  section  12,  of  Akron  town- 
ship, and  in  1864  sold  out  and  bought  his  present  fine 
farm  ;  owns  320  acres  prairie  worth  about  $60  an  acre, 
and  340  acres  bluff  land  worth  about  $15  per  acre.  His 
farm  is  finely  improved  and  has  a  handsome  dwelling 
house  upon  it,  which  was  built  in  1 867.  Married  May 
13.  1853,  .'>cmirimis  Kemble  daughter  of  Colin  B. 
Kemble  and  Elizabeth  Harlow,  both  natives  of  Ken- 
tucky; who  was  born  in  Paducah,  Graves  county,  Ky., 
June  2S,  1835.  by  whom  he  has  had  five  children,  three 
of  whom  now  survive  —  James  W.,  born  February  2, 
1S56  ;  Francis  M.,  born  August  31,  1859,  died  June  18, 
1864;  Willie,  born  July  25,  1864,  died  October  21, 
1S65  ;  Carlisle  B.,  born  September  10,  1866  ;  Semirimis 
E.,  bom  December  10,  1S68.  Mr.  Sanger  was  at  one 
time  for  live  successive  years  township  assessor.  He 
and  his  wife  are  members  of  M.  E.  Church. 

Saiiiiilcrs  T.,  dairy  [arnirr.  I'.  O.  Weat  Ilallock. 
.Siixtuii  Sarah.  1'.  o.  Norlhaiiiploii. 
Schrailer  Herman,  fanner,  r.  o.  llallork. 
Seclcy  Daiifurtl).  farmer.  1'.  O.  .Soutbauipton. 

SILLI-MAX  M.Vlt.SH.\LL  B.  (retired.)  Sec. 
32,  P.  O.  Southampton,  was  born  in  Delawaie  county, 
N.  Y.,  May  12,  1S12,  and  is  the  son  of  Gcrshom  Silli- 
man  and  Polly  Coleman,  both  of  whom  were  natives  of 
Connecticut.  His  parents  were'married  in  Delaware 
county,  October  9,  1S09,  and  had  nine  children,  of 
whom  Marshall  is  the  second  child  and  son.  Five  are 
now  living.  His  father  ser%'ed  in  the  United  Stales 
army  until  the  close  of  the  war  of  1812,  and  while  in 
the  service  saw  much  fine  farming  land,  and  becoming 
di.sgusted  with  the  rough  and  stony  country  in  which 
*liis  family  awaited  his  return,  after  being  discharged 
he  removed  with  them,  and  in  company  with  many  of 
his  neighbors,  in  wagons,  crossed  the  .MIcghany  moun- 
tains to  Ohio,  settling  at  first  in  Koss  county,  and 
afterwards  in  Harrison  township,  Jackson  county. 
Here  he  was  followed  in  a  few  yean  by  many  of  hit 
old  neighbors  from  Delaware  county,  some  of  whom 
were  afterwards  pioneer  settlers  in  Peoria  county, 
among  them  the  families  uf  Reeds,  Roots  and  Hicks. 
After  a  residence  of  some  thirteen  years  in  Ohio,  dur- 


Simon  Reed. 

H  ALLOCK  TP 


Erastus  Root. 

hallock  jp 


Isaiah    Nurs. 

HALLOCK  TT 


Robert    Will 

HALLOCK  T'' 


HALLOCK  BIRECTORY. 


763 


ing  which  Simon  and  Aaron  Reed  had  removed  west 
to  Peoria  county,  Mr.  Silliman's  father  became  smitten 
by  the  Illinois  fever,  caught  from  Simon  Reed,  who  had 
returned  with  glowing  accounts  of  the  land  to  be  had 
in  that  State,  and  in  the  year  1828  the  family  left  their 
farm  in  Ohio,  and  started  in  their  wagons  for  Illinois, 
piloted  on  their  way  by  Simon  Reed.  The  journey 
occupied  twenty-days,  camping  out  every  night,  but 
two,  in  a  tent.  They  arrived  in  Peoria,  September  21. 
Simon  Reed  had  a  double  log  cabin  upon  his  farm,  and 
gave  up  one-half  for  the  accommodation  of  his  newly 
arrived  friends.  As  soon  as  possible  a  log  cabin  of  one 
and  a  half  stories  was  built  upon  their  claim,  on  section 
35,  and  there  the  family  resided  for  about  two  years, 
and  then  moved  to  what  is  now  section  2,  of  Medina 
township,  where  they  remained  till  1S37,  and  again  re- 
moved to  section  3,  of  same  township.  While  there, 
Mr.  Silliman  commenced  an  improvement  for  himself 
at  his  present  location,  and  on  November  16,  1837, 
married  Clarissa,  daughter  of  Calvin  and  Mary  Hyde, 
natives  of  Massachusetts ;  who  was  born  in  Broome 
county,  N.  Y.,  November  I,  1S12.  by  whom  he  has  two 
two  sons  —  Edwin  C,  born  November  18,  1840  ;  and 
Norman  H.,  born  October  30,  1S42.  His  wife  died 
November  5,  1842,  and  he  married  February  6,  1844, 
Nancy  Y.,  daughter  of  Truman  and  Betsey  Hawley  ; 
who  was  born  in  Otsego  county,  N.  Y.,  March  27,  1S16. 
Mr.  Silliman  has  resided  ever  since  his  first  marriage 
on  his  present  farm,  composed  of  160  acres  of  fine 
land ;  also  owns  fifty  acres  in  section  21,  of  Chillicothe 
township  ;  a  farm  of  320  acres  in  Vermillion  county, 
111. ;  and  another  of  400  acres  in  Iroquois  county,  111. 
All  this  land,  except  about  100  acres,  is  fine  farming 
land,  and  under  good  improvement.  Mr.  Silliman's 
father  died  December  2,  1S56,  aged  seventy-three  years 
upon  the  old  homestead  in  Medina  township,  and  his 
mother  died  December  24,  1864,  at  the  age  of  seventy- 
seven,  while  on  a  visit  near  Chillicothe.  His  eldest  son 
is  in  business  at  Chenoa,  111.,  and  his  younger  is  en- 
gaged in  the  grain  business  at  Dunlap,  and  also  runs  a 
general  wagon  and  carriage  repair  shop  there.  Mr. 
.Silliman  has  of  late  years  enjoyed  but  poor  health,  but 
has  been  an  active  and  useful  man  in  his  township, 
filling  many  offices,  among  them  that  of  supervisor, 
which  he  held  for  seven  successive  years.  In  religious 
faith  he  is  a  Universalist,  and  in  politics  a  consistent 
Democrat. 

SIMPSON  JOHN,  farmer,  Sec.  ig.  P.  O.  West 
Hallock,  was  born  in  Banffshire,  Scotland,  June  14, 
1811,  and  is  the  son  of  John  Simpson  and  Elizabeth 
Howie,  both  of  same  county.  His  mother's  father  was 
in  the  English  service  during  the  Revolutionary  war, 
and  his  mother  was  born  in  New  York  in  1778,  return- 
ing with  the  army  to  Scotland,  where  she  was  raised. 
He   worked   on   a   farm   till    1832,  when  he   came  to 


America,  landing  at  Quebec  June  3d  of  that  year. 
Went  to  Vermont  for  about  one  year,  thence  removed 
to  New  York  State  and  to  Illinois  in  Fall  of  1847, 
settling  near  Farmington,  Fulton  county,  for  two  years, 
and  came  to  hij  present  farm  in  the  Fall  of  1849,  where 
he  has  since  resided.  He  married  November  16,  1842, 
Ann  Saunders,  a  native  of  Rensselaer  county,  N.  Y.,  by 
whom  he  has  had  a  family  of  ten  children,  five  now 
living  —  Pheobe  R..  born  January  6,  1844  ;  Robin  M., 
born  March  19,  1845 ;  Eva  L.,  born  November  16, 
1854;  Murray  W.,  born  December  28,  1863;  Rena 
Bell,  born  February  13,  1865.  He  owns  135  acres  of 
land,  worth  $65  per  acre,  all  well  improved ;  and 
twenty  acres  under  timber.  Himself,  wife  and  family 
are  members  of  the  Seventh  Day  Baptist  Church,  and 
he  has  for  many  years  been  a  church  trustee. 
.SlmsChas.,  farmer.  P.  O.  Chillicothe. 

SI»IS  FRANK  L.  farmer,  Sec.  25.  P.  O.  Chil- 
licothe, was  born  in  Salem  county,  N.  J.,  January  8, 
1832,  and  is  the  son  of  John  Sims  and  Susan  Long; 
was  raised  on  a  farm  till  about  twenty  years  of  age, 
when  he  came  west  and  settled  in  Trivoli  township, 
Peoria  county,  where  he  farmed  on  rented  land  for 
seven  or  eight  years,  and  in  i860  came  to  his  present 
farm  in  Hallock  township.  Married  in  the  same  year 
Lucinda  Booth,  who  was  born  in  Champaign  county, 
O.,  in  1840,  by  whom  he  has  had  eight  children,  five  of 
whom  are  now  living  —  Lilly,  Laura,  Frederick,  Earl, 
and  one  as  yet  unnamed,  and  born  November  25,  1879. 
He  has  160  acres  in  home  farm,  and  twenty  acres  in 
the  bluff,  which  he  values  at  about  $50  an  acre.  His 
farm  was  raw  land  when  he  bought  it,  and  all  the  ex- 
isting improvements  have  been  made  by  himself  Is  in 
politics  a  Republican,  and  is  at  present  a  school 
trustee.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Sims  are  members  of  the  Union 
Baptist  Church.  Mrs.  Sims  is  a  daughter  of  Isaac  and 
Sarah  Booth,  who  were  natives  of  Champaign  county, 
Ohio. 

Sims  Morris  S.,  fanner,  P.  O.  Lawn  Ridge. 

Smith  \V.  E.  hardware  merchant,  res.  and  P.  O.  Lawn  Rfd£e. 

SPICER  JOHN  G.  dairy  farmer.  Sec.  18,  P.O. 
West  Hallock.  Is  the  tenth  of  a  family  of  nine  sons 
and  two  daughters,  nine  living,  of  Joseph  Spicer  and 
Content  Potter,  natives  of  Rhode  Island,  where  Joseph 
Spicer  was  born,  March  g,  1797,  Content  Potter,  Aug. 
g,  of  the  same  year.  They  were  married  Nov.  12,  1818. 
John  G.  was  born  in  Hopkinton,  Washington  county, 
that  State,  January  14,  1839.  At  the  age  of  nineteen 
he  left  home  and  spent  a  year  in  Jefferson  county,  N. 
Y.,  then  returned  and  helped  to  take  the  census  of  i860, 
after  which  he  spent  another  year  in  Adams  Centre,  N. 
Y.,  in  the  drug  business.  Came  West,  and  making 
Decatur,  111.,  headquarters,  engaged  in  selling  books  a 
year,  during  which  he  bought  a  farm  in  Kansas,  and  in 
the  Fall  of  1862  went  out  and  sowed  a  crop  of  wheat 


r64 


HISTORY  OF  PEORIA  COUNTY. 


on  it ;  retarning  to  Illinois  and  continuing  in  book  busi-  i 
ness.  In  June,  1863,  went  East,  and  on  the  29th  of 
the  month  married  Cornelia  Babcoclc,  in  Jefferson  I 
county,  N.  V.,  where  she  was  bom  January  18,  1844. 
Returning  to  Illinois,  still  continued  the  book  business. 
In  the  Fall  of  1864,  bought  a  farm  in  company  with  his 
brother  William,  in  Hallock  township,  Peoria  county, 
and  settled  on  it  the  next  Spring.  Meeting  with  an 
accident  soon  after,  which  disabled  him  fur  farm-life,  he 
told  out  and  returned  to  Jefferson  county,  N.  Y.,  and 
engaged  in  manufacturing  soap  and  candles.  Having 
partially  recovered  from  his  injury,  he  returned  to  Peoria 
county,  and  bought  and  settled  on  the  farm  they  now 
occupy,  in  the  Spring  of  1S71.  It  contains  ninety-two 
acres,  improved,  and  twenty  of  timber,  valued  at 
$6,500.  Has  had  four  children,  three  now  living,  Min- 
nie, bom  May  22,  1S69 ;  Clara  Almira,  born  Sept.  25, 
1873,  (l'"!  F«'>-  23.  1875  ;  Clarence  Winfred,  bora  Nov. 
30,  1875 :  and  Ernest  Samuel,  born  June  27,  1877. 
Both  himself  and  wife  are  membersof  the  Seventh  Day 
Baptist  Church. 

SPICEK  WILLIAM,  farmer,  Sec.  30,  P.  O. 
West  Hallock.  Was  born  July  4,  1836,  in  Hopkinton, 
R.  I.,  the  son  of  Joseph  Spicer  and  Content  Potter, 
natives  of  Rhode  Island.  His  father  was  a  harness- 
maker,  and  also  owned  and  worked  a  farm,  upon  which 
the  subject  of  this  sketch  was  raised.  He  came  to  Illi- 
nois in  1856,  and  after  a  slay  of  a  few  months  returned 
East,  and  for  some  time  afterwards  attended  school  in 
New  York  State,  and  came  back  to  Illinois  with  intent 
to  stay  on  Sept.  1,  1857,  settling  in  Bureau  county, 
where  he  bought  a  farm  and  remained  until  the  Spring 
of  1865,  when  he  sold  out  and  purch.-ised  his  present 
farm  in  Hallock  township,  upon  which  he  has  since 
resided.  He  married  in  Centre  township.  Bureau 
county,  August  22,  1861,  Miss  Olive  A.  GiUman,  daugh- 
ter of  Charles  S.  Ciillman  and  Olive  Whitcher,  who 
was  born  at  Northlield,  N.  H.,  May  15,  1843,  ^y  whom 
he  has  three  children:  Olive,  bom  January  16,  1864; 
Luella,  born  March  26,  1867  ;  and  Charles  W.,  born 
Nov.  16,  1869.  Mr.  Spicer  owns  130  acres  of  land, 
ten  acres  of  it  under  timber,  and  worth  about  1^50  an 
acre.  Keeps  about  forty  cows,  and  from  the  milk  thus 
supplied  makes  an  average  of  175  pounds  creamery 
butter  weekly,  throughout  the  year,  all  of  which  is  sent 
to  the  Peoria  market.  His  creamery  was  the  fir^t 
erected  in  the  county,  and  the  butter  thui  made  was  the 
first  of  its  kind  introduced  to  any  extent  in  Peoria.  He 
is  also  interested  in  the  cheese  factory  at  West  Hallock. 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Spicer  are  members  of  the  Seventh  Day 
Baptist  Church  at  West  Hallock.  He  is  at  present  a 
school  director,  and  has  been  for  some  yean  school 
trustee.  Is  Republican  in  politics. 
bl««rart  Juttlcr,  farmer,  i'.  O.  Nortliainplun. 

STOWKLL  CHAKLICS  E.  farmer,  rei.  Sec. 


32,  P.  O.  Lawn  Ridge.  Is  the  sixth  of  nine  children, 
and  the  6fth  son,  of  Ebenezer  and  Laura  Stowell,  of 
Hallock  township,  Peoria  county,  where  he  was  bom, 
March  6,  184S.  Was  reared  on  the  farm,  and  besides 
enjoying  the  benefits  of  the  district  school,  attended 
Northwestern  College,  at  Na[>erville,  111.,  for  a  time. 
For  four  or  five  years  he  taught  school  in  Winter  and 
carried  on  farming  in  Summer.  On  the  loth  of 
December,  1874,  he  married  Mary  E.  Davis,  daughter 
of  John  B.  and  Margaret  Davis,  ruf  Ayers,  of  Peoria 
county.  She  was  born  Oct.  lo,  1853.  They  have  two 
children  living,  Daisie.  bom  Sept.  32,  1878  ;  and  Emma 
Blanche,  born  Nov.  10,  1879.  Their  homestead  consists 
of  125  acres  of  fine  farming  land,  on  which  they  settled 
in  1875. 

STOWELL  EBEXEZEK,  fanner.  Sec.  3, 
P.  O.  Hallock,  was  born  October  ig,  1807,  in  Chen- 
ango county,  N.  Y.,  and  is  the  son  of  Abishai  Stowell, 
born  in  Windham,  Windsor  township,  Vt.,  in  1779,  and 
Hannah  Field,  born  in  Brattleboro,  Vt.,  in  17S2.  The 
family  comes  from  English  stock.  His  father,  when  a 
boy,  went  to  Chenango  county,  N.  Y.,  where  he  settled 
and  married,  and  where  Ebenezer  was  born  and  raised 
on  his  father's  farm.  He  worked  for  some  years  at  the 
trade  of  mill-wright,  and  in  1836  started  west  with 
Koswell  and  Isaiah  Nurs  for  companions,  to  locate  a 
farm  in  the  then  but  thinly  settled  State  of  Illinois. 
Part  of  the  way  they  came  by  water,  but  chiefly  on  foot, 
and  before  they  made  choice  of  their  land,  the  distance 
walked  aggregated  nearly  1000  miles.  In  the  Summer 
of  that  year  they  entered  their  farms  at  the  Government 
Land  Office,  at  Quincy.  and  Mr.  Stowell  returned  to 
the  East,  and  in  the  Fall  of  1843  came  back  with  his 
family,  to  till  and  occupy  his  farm.  Since  then  he  has 
remained  upon  it,  and  the  high  state  of  cultivation  it 
has  attained,  gives  evidence  of  the  earnest  and  honest 
work  expended  upon  it.  Mr. Stowell  married  Februar>° 
23,  1833,  Paulina,  daughter  of  Reuben  and  .\nna 
Hridgcman,  who  was  born  in  Chenango  county,  N.  Y., 
October  19,  1S07.  By  this  marriage  he  had  one  son 
— Orson  B.  Stowell,  born  May  7.  1834,  and  now  resi- 
dent in  Hallock  township.  His  wife  died  in  giving 
birth  to  this  son,  and  on  July  13,  1838,  he  married 
Laura  liridgeman,  also  a  native  of  his  own  county,  by 
whom  he  has  had  nine  children: — Calvin,  born  October 

5,  1839;  Henry  Allen,  born  March  14,  1S41.  died 
March  16,  1853 ;  Charles  Edward,  Inirn  .Seplembct 
23,  1S44.  died  January  19,  1846 ;  Mary  Cornelia, 
born    April    4,   1S46;    Charles  Edward,  born     M.irch 

6,  1848;  Samuel  Reuben,  born  February  23,  1850; 
Anna  Paulina,  Irarn  May  14,  1851,  and  Ebenezer,  born 
March  II,  1855;  has  seven  children  living— five  mar- 
ried, and  settled  in  the  neigh)>orhoo<l,  and  two  at  home. 
He  owns  about  bou  acres  of  land,  valued  at  (35  an 
acre  ;   has  sjo  acres  under   cultivation.      Mr.  Stowell 


HALLOCK  DIRECTORY. 


765 


with  his  wife  and  family  are  members  of  the  Congrega- 
tional Church  at  Lawn  Ridge.  In  politics  he  is  Re- 
publican all  over. 

STOAVELL  ORSON  B.,  farmer,  Sec.  7,  P. 
O.  Lawn  Ridge,  is  the  only  son  of  Ebenezer  Stowell, 
and  Pauline  Bridgeman,  and  was  born  in  Bingham- 
ton,  N.  Y.,  May  7,  1834,  coming  to  Peoria  county 
with  his  parents  in  1843.  He  has  ever  since  been 
domiciled  in  the  county.  He  was  raised  and  resided 
on  his  father's  farm,  in  Hallock  township,  until  May  iS, 
1859,  when  he  married  in  Toulon,  Stark  county,  111., 
Miss  Harriet  R.  Church,  who  was  born  in  St.  Lawrence 
county,  N.  Y.,  October  9,  1833,  and  is  the  daughter 
of  Norman  Church,  a  native  of  Massachusetts,  and  Re- 
becca Delurga,  of  French  parentage,  born  and  raised 
in  Vermont,  by  which  marriage  he  has  five  children  : 
William  L.,  born  May  18,  i860 ;  L.  Paulina,  born 
July  23,  1862;  Laura  Rebecca,  born  May  30,  1865; 
Fannie,  born  November  3,  1867,  and  Luther  E., 
born  January  20,  1875.  He  settled  after  marriage 
on  southeast  quarter  of  Sec.  7,  where  he  remained  for 
fifteen  years,  removing  to  his  present  location  in  October, 
1875  ;  has  80  acres  in  home  farm,  and  another  80  acres 
at  his  old  farm  ;  also  owns  80  acres  timber  land  on  Sec. 
9.  Himself,  wife,  and  eldest  daughter  are  members  of 
Congregational  Church  at  Lawn  Ridge  ;  has  held  vari- 
ous township  offices,  among  them  that  of  town  clerk 
and  commissioner  of  roads.  Politically  is  a  radical 
Republican. 

Sweetraan  .John,  farmer,  P.  O.  Lawn  Hldee. 
Swislier  .loseph.  cooper,  P.  O.  Northampton. 
Thom.is  MellnUa  E..  P.  O.  Cliillicothe. 
Trimble  .Silas  Mrs.  P.  O.  Northanipton. 
Van  Tassel  David,  farmer.  P.  O.  Plallock. 
Vars  Thomas,  dairy  farmer  P.  O-  West  Hallock. 
Watson  Thos..  Ial)orer.  P.  O.  Northampton. 
Weldman  C.  E..  f.armer.  P.  O.  West  Hallock. 
Wheeler  Joseph,  farmer,  Northampton. 
Will  Geo.,  P.  O.  Lawn  Ridge. 

WILIi  ROBERT  (deceased),  farmer,  P.  O. 
Lawn  Ridge,  was  born  April  15,  1822,  at  Delmar,  Tioga 
county.  Pa.,  and  was  the  son  of  Robert  Will  and  Mar- 
garet  Lawson,  of  Forfarrshire,  Scotland.  He  was  the 
fourth  child  and  third  son  in  a  family  of  seven 
children,  and  was  reared  on  a  farm  in  his  natal 
county  until  the  year  1837,  when,  at  the  age  of  fifteen, 
he  removed  with  his  parents  to  Hallock  township,  Peo- 
ria county,  and  settled  on  Sec.  3,  near  what  is  now  Hal- 
lock post  office.  There  he  made  his  home  till  184S, 
when,  on  June  7  of  that  year,  he  married  Miss  Mary, 
daughter  of  Lyman  Robinson  and  Polly  Nurs,  who  was 
born  March  19,  1823,  in  Broome  county,  N.  Y.,  and 
came  with  her  parents  to  Illinois  in  the  Spring  of  1843, 


arriving  at  Blue  Ridge  May  20,  of  the  same  year. 
Their  marital  union  resulted  in  six  children,  three  of 
whom  are  now  alive,  William,  born  May  i,  1S49,  and 
died  when  four  years  old  ;  Helen,  born  Nov.  18,  1851, 
died  April  26,  1853;  John  Wesley,  born  Feb.  I,  1854, 
died  Dec.  29,  1872  ;  Annie,  born  May  29,  1856  ;  Min- 
nie, born  May  25,  i860,  and  Laura  A.,  bom  March  25, 
1865.  Upon  marriage  they  settled  on  the  farm  now 
occupied  by  his  widow,  and  there  all  their  children  were 
born,  and  Mr.  Will  died,  Feb.  14,  1876.  Mrs.  Will  at 
present  owns  120  acres  of  finely  improved  farming 
land  worth  about  $3,ooo.  Mr.  Will  was,  through  life, 
an  active,  useful  man,  and  his  untimely  removal  was 
keenly  felt  and  deeply  regretted  by  many.  He  was,  for 
twenty  years,  justice  of  the  peace,  and  had  acceptably 
filled,  in  turn,  almost  all  of  the  township  offices  ;  was  a 
notary-  public  for  many  years,  and  county  surveyor  at 
time  of  his  death  ;  also  for  over  twenty  years  was  re- 
cording secretary  of  the  Methodist  Church  at  Lawn 
Ridge,  and  represented  it  at  the  annual  conference  sev- 
eral times.  Mrs.  Will  and  family  are  also  members  of 
the  same  church. 

Will  R.  Mrs.  farmer,  P.  O.  Lawn  Ridge. 

WILMOT  W.  H.  physician,  P.  O.  Lawn  Ridget 

was  born  in  Chenango  county,  N.  Y.,  and  is  the  eldest 
son  of  Dr.  A.  Wilmot  (now  and  for  many  years  a  resi- 
dent of  Peoria  county)  and  Olive  A.  Wilmot,  net 
Smith.  He  came  with  his  parents  to  the  county 
when  very  young,  and  when  about  fourteen  years  of  age 
went  to  the  Knox  College,  Galesburg,  111.,  and  attended 
the  classes  there  at  various  periods  extending  over  al- 
most two  and  a  half  years ;  afterwards  began  his  pro- 
fessional studies,  reading  medicine  under  the  care  of  his 
father,  and  attending  lectures  at  Michigan  University, 
Ann  Arbor,  and  at  Iowa  University,  Iowa  City,  gradu- 
ating from  the  latter  with  degree  of  M.  D.,  Feb.  16, 
1858.  Shortly  thereafter  he  established  his  present 
practice  in  Lawn  Ridge.  He  married,  Nov.  8,  i860, 
Miss  Carrie  A.  Stillman,  who  was  bom  in  Ontario 
county,  N.  Y.,  October  11,  1835,  and  who  came  to  Peo- 
ria county  with  her  parents,  settling  in  the  city  of 
Peoria  when  two  years  of  age.  The  fruit  of  this  union 
are  two  children,  Frank,  born  Oct.  18,  1861,  who  is  now 
attending  Antioch  College,  O.,  and  boards  with  the  same 
lady  with  whom  his  mother  boarded  while  attending 
classes  at  the  same  college  twenty  years  ago,  and  Edna, 
born  Sept.  21,  1871. 

Toting  Isaac,  farmer.  P.  O.  Lawn  Ridge. 
Zlnck  J.  C.  shoemaker,  P.  O.  Lawn  Kldge. 


766 


HISTORY  OF  PEORIA  COUNTY. 


HOLLIS    TOWNSHIP. 


Advwald  Cuper.  rarmrr.  r.  O.  lUrkrr's  Comer*. 
BUhop  Dent  C.  farmer,  t*.  u.  ilarkefi  Corners. 

BLACK  O.  R.  farmer  and  jastice  of  the  peace, 

P.  O.  Harker's  Comers. 

BlanOln  Geo.  farmer,  P.  o.  Harker*!  Cornen. 
Bohlander  K  f.iriner,  V.  O.   IIullli. 
Brarbel  .siephen,  farmer,  P.  o.  Holllt. 
BreaendlDe  W.  A.  farmer.  P.  O.  Mapleton. 

BUCK  STEPHEN  D.  fanner  and  stock  raiser, 
Sec.  6,  P.  O.  Harker's  Corners,  is  the  son  of  Ahaliab 
and  Annis  (Drake)  Buck.  His  father  was  born  in 
Pennsylvania,  but  immigrated  with  his  parents  when  a 
boy  to  Cayuga  county,  N.  V.,  and  his  mother  a  na- 
tive of  Orange  county,  N.  Y.;  were  married  in  1801, 
and  raised  a  family  of  seven  children,  five  of  which 
lived  to  adult  age.  They  came  to  Peoria  county  in  the 
Fall  of  1S31,  and  settled  on  Sec.  6,  Mollis  township, 
where  they  remained  until  their  deaths.  Father  died 
in  1S55  at  the  age  of  seventy-nine,  and  his  mother  in 
i860  at  the  age  of  eighty-three.  Mr.  Buck,  the  young- 
est of  the  family,  was  born  in  Cayuga  county,  N.  Y.,  on 
the  6th  day  of  October,  1817,  and  came  to  this  county 
with  his  parents  when  about  fourteen  years  of  age,  and 
has  resided  on  or  near  where  they  first  located  since. 
He  married  Miss  Mary,  daughter  of  James  Smith,  of 
Kentucky,  bom  June  22,  1820.  They  were  blessed  by 
three  boys  and  one  girl  —  James  A.,  Margaret  A.,\Vm, 
J.  and  John  Huston.  Has  360  acres  of  land,  all  under 
good  cultivation,  elegantly  improved,  and  valued  at 
$15,000.  Has  held  several  local  offices  in  the  town.ship. 
His  father  was  on  the  first  grand  jury  in  the  county. 
Had  one  son  in  the  army  in  the  151st  I.  V.  I. 

Burkers  NIclioliui,  farmer,  P.  O.  Ilollls. 
Ilurges^  Joseph,  fitriner,  P.  O.  Ilollls. 
CliampA  John,  P.  <>.  Mapleton. 
Clark  James,  farmer,  p.  o.  Harker's  Corners. 

CLARK  JAMES  C.  blacksmith.  P,  O.  Har- 
ker's Corners,  was  born  in  Adams  county,  Ohio,  on  the 
4th  day  of  June,  181 5,  was  reared  to  the  trade,  and  re- 
ceived what  advantages  the  district  schools  afforded  at 
that  time.  Came  to  the  county  in  1837  and  settled  in 
Hollis  township,  where  he  has  resided  since.  Has  114 
acres  of  land,  valued  at  $3,000.  Held  the  office  of 
road  commissioner  twenty-six  years,  and  school  treasurer 
twenty-two  years.  When  he  came  to  this  county  it  was 
wild.  Deers.  wolves,  turkeys,  and  other  game  could 
be  seen  from  the  cabin  doors  of  the  pioneers. 

Cran'lall  Charles,  farmer.  P.O.  orchard  Mines. 

(;raiidall  Win   f.irmer,  t'.  ().  Ilollls 

<,'row  Mriirv,  farmer,  P.  O.  orchard  Mines. 

Fuller  Alei,  faniter,  P.  o.  .Mapleton. 

Fuller  IlfhJ.  farmer.  P.  o.  .Mapleton. 

(liillev  H.lii    II   farmer.  P   o.  Marker's  Corners. 

Cieridrr  I>,  fArtner,  P.  t).  Ilollls. 

Ooet/  (■   F.  faniH'r,  P.  O.  Marker's  roriiers. 

<l'>olwlii  D.ivld.  farmer,  P.  o.  Marker's  Corners, 

lUrliiKluii  It  farmer,  p  o.  Ilollls. 

Hart  NrlKuti.  farmer,  P.  O.  Marker's  Corners. 

Mart  II  F  farm.T,  P.  o.  Ilarker'i  Corners. 

Ileltuau  M.  farmer,  P,  O.  Ilollls. 


Herr.Taeob,  farmer,  P.  O.  Mapleton. 
Hill  Henry,  farmer  P.  O   Mapfrton. 
Human  C.  farmer.  P.  O.  Harker's  Corners. 
HornlM-cker  I>avld,  farmer,  p.  o.  Marker's  Comers. 
Hornbecker  J.  farmer,  P.  O.  Harker's  Corners. 
Horubecker  Jus  farmer,  P.  O.  Marker's  Corners. 

JACOBS  PETERS,  sawder,  P.  O.  Mapleton, 
was  bom  in  Pennsylvania.  June  I,  1823,  came  to 
Peoria  county  in  lS58,and  settled  in  Lancaster,  Timber 
township,  and,  in  1S76,  came  to  Hollis.  Married  Miss 
Mary  T.  Kuley,  who  was  bom  in  Pennsylvania,  July 
30,  1826.  The  fruit  of  this  marriage  was  nine  children, 
six  of  whom  are  living:  William,  Ulysses,  Julia,  Mary, 
Jennie,  Hattie.     Members  of  the  Catholic  Church. 

Jaeger  Leopold,  farmer,  P.  o.  Harker's  Comers. 

Jenkins  \Vm.  farluer,  P.  O.  Ilollls. 

Jensen  R.  f.iriner.  P.  o.  Ilollls. 

Jensen  It.  R.  farmer,  P.  O.  Hollis. 

June.4  H.  B.  farmer.  P.  O.  Mapleton. 

.Tnnker  Lawrence,  farmer.  P.  O.  Mapleton. 

K'nir  Peter,  farmer,  P.  O  Harker's  Corners. 

Klrcher  Phlllii.  fanner,  P.O.  Mollis 

Kulin  lr»  Ln,  farmer,  P.  o   HollU. 

Kunz  Jacub  s(>fi.  farmer,  P.O.  Harker's  Corners, 

l,eltii*-r  l>ouls.  farmer.  P.  o.  Hulll«. 

Maple  Abram.  farmer.  P.  O.  Mafdeton. 

.Maple  A.  O.  farmer.  P  O  Mapleton. 

Malilf  l^a.ic   farmer.  P.  o   Mapleton. 

Mctiruw  T.  J.  farmer.  P.  o.  Mapleton. 

NaeKle  Lawrence,  farmer,  P.  O.  Mollis. 

Nayler  L  farmer,  P.  u.  Mapleton. 

NEWSAM  FRANK,  merchant,  P.O.  Mapleton. 
NEWSAM  RICHARD,  merchant  and  coal 
operator,  P.  O.  Hollis,  was  bom  in  Lancashire,  Eng- 
land, Nov.  II,  1843,  ""^  came  to  the  United  States  in 
l86g.  Was  bred  a  miner  of  the  firm  of  Newsam  Bro- 
thers, who  control  the  Orchard  and  McGrew  mines, 
and  turns  out  4,000  bushels  per  day.  Is  also  in  the 
mercantile  business,  in  which  they  have  a  fine  trade. 
Married  Miss  Frances  Woltstlumed,  who  was  bom  in 
England,  in  1844.  There  has  been  seven  children — 
four  boys  and  three  girls. 

Newschwander  J.  farmer.  P.  o.  Harker's  Comers. 
NurwiXMl  Geo.  farmer,  P.  <».  Mapleton. 
Palsen  Geo.  farmer.  P.  o.  Marker's  Corners. 

POWELL  A.  G.  farmer  and  slock  raiser,  Sec 

16,  P.  O.  Mapleton. 

Rahn  Jnn.  farmer.  P.  O.  Ilollls, 
Keailer  F.  farmer,  P.  o.  Ilullls. 
Reeves  t'.  I..  T.  farmer.  P.  t».  Mapleton. 
Keevci  J    A    farmer,  P  O    Marker's  ('omen. 
Itlgcer  Ja.s.  farmer.  P.  o  Mapletun, 
Scfiwlndenhamer  A.  farmer.  P.  O.  Mollis. 

SCOTT  JOHN  A.  farmer  and  stock  raiser,  P.  O. 

O.  Mapleton,  Sec.  12,  is  the  son  of  John  and  Lydia  (Mes- 

ser)  Scott,  natives  of  Virginia,  who  in  an  early  day  came 

to  Ohio,  and  in  1834  came  to  Peoria  county  and  located 

near    Edwards  Station    in    Kickapoo  township,  where 

they  remained  twelve  years,  and  where  the   subject  of 

this    sketch    was    born    on    the    23d  day  of  November, 

1836,     When    ten   years    of  age   went    to    Peoria  and 

learned  the  trade  of  calker.     Married  Miss  PhelancyC. 

Waters,  daughter   of  Samuel    Waters,   born   in    Hollis 


JUBILEE  DIRECTORY. 


767 


township,  April  l8,  1841.  By  this  union  there  were 
two  children,  one  of  which  is  living  —  Julia,  born  Oct. 
30,  i860.  Has  120  acres  of  land,  100  under  good  cul- 
tivation, valued  at  $6,000.  Mrs.  S.'s  father  came  frem 
Muskingum  county,  Ohio  to  Peoria  county  in  iS37,and 
located  in  Hollis  township. 

SCOTT  SETH,  clerk,  P.  O.  Mapleton,  son  of 
Shadrick  and  Lucy  Ann  Scott,  mother  a  native  of  York 
State,  and  father  of  Kentucky,  was  born  in  Timber 
township,  on  the  nth  day  of  November,  1852  ;  reared 
on  a  farm  and  attended  the  district  school.  Followed 
teaching  school  about  five  years,  and  the  rest  of  the 
time  has  followed  clerking.  Married  Miss  Minerva, 
daughter  of  Harrison  A.  Eddy,  born  in  Hollis  town- 
ship, Dec.  25,  1857.  Had  one  child  —  Julius  S.,  born 
Sept.  16,  1S78,  and  died  March  2,  1879. 

Spangler  Peter,  farmer.  P.O.  Hollis. 
Starts  E.  faimer,  P.  O.  Barker's  Corners. 
Stopchzlnk  .Tacob.  f.-irnipr.  P.  O.  Hollis. 
Stranz  Martin,  farmer.  P.  O.  Harker's  Corners. 
Stranz  Wm.  farmer.  P.  O.  Marker's  Corners. 
Tappl tip  Caleb,  farmer.  P.  O.  Hollis. 
Trlpps  John,  miner,  P.  O.  Hollis. 

VAN  NORMAN  WILLIAM,  farmer.  Sec. 
5,  P.  O.  Harker's  Corners,  son  of  Jacob  and  Margaret 
(Van  Patten)  Van  Norman,  was  born  in  York  State  in 
1S16,  and  brought  up  in  Cayuga  county.  When  eighteen 
years  old  he  went  to  Oswego   county   and  learned  the 


blacksmith  trade,  and  in  1837  came  to  Peoria  county. 
Married  Miss  Mary  .\nn,  daughter  of  Wm.  Tappen,  who 
was  one  of  the  earliest  settlers  of  Hollis  township,  com- 
ing in  1S36.  She  was  born  in  London,  England,  and 
emigrated  to  this  country  when  a  small  girl.  There 
were  thirteen  children,  nine  living  —  five  boys  and  four 
girls.  Has  160  acres  of  land,  valued  at  $25  per  acre. 
Mr.  V.  has  lived  to  see  the  county  developed  from  a 
wild  country  to  one  of  the  finest  in  the  State.  Mrs.  V. 
and  one  daughter  are  members  of  the  Baptist  Church. 

Watrons  Saml.  farmer,  P.  O.  Mapleton. 
Weber  Charles,  farmer.  P.  O.  Hollis. 
WellRe  Dedrlch,  farmer,  P.  O.  Hollis. 

WHEELER  STEPHEN  C.  farmer,  Sec.  15, 
P.  O.  Hollis,  was  born  in  Cincinnati,  O.,  on  Feb.  24, 
l8l2,  and  came  to  Peoria  county  in  1844,  locating  in 
Hollis  township,  where  he  married  Miss  Sarah  Martin, 
who  was  born  in  Argile,  Washington  county,  N.  Y., 
Dec.  9.  1822.  Nine  children,  seven  living,  consti- 
tute their  family  —  Joanna  J.,  born  Jan.  II,  1848;  John 
M.,  bom  Feb.  10,  1850;  Francis,  born  May  14,  1852; 
Wm.  J.,  born  Dec.  4,  1854,  died  Sept.  11,  1855;  Jacob, 
born  in  1856,  (deceased);  Stephen,  born  Dec.  5,  1857; 
David  W.,  born  Oct.  17,  1S60;  Mary,  born  May  28, 
1863,  and  James  A.,  born  Jan.  8,  1866.  Has  300  acres 
of  land,  valued  at  $10,000. 


JUBILEE    TOWNSHIP. 


Abbott  James,  farmer.  P.  O.  Brimfleld. 
Alden  Noah,  farmer.  P.  O.  Brtmfield. 
Anderson  James,  farmer,  P.  O.  Robin's  Nest. 

ANDERSON  J.  farmer,  Sec.29,  P.O.  Robin's  Nest. 

Austus  Casper,  farmer,  P.  O.  Brimfield. 
BatTRS  Wm.  farmer.  P.  O.  Brimfield. 
Bale  Wm.  farmer.  P.  O.  Robin's  Nest. 
Blaudy  Jobn.  farmer.  P.  O.  Brimfield. 
Biucher  Andrew,  furraer,  P.  O.  Kickapoo. 

BLUNDY  JOSEPH,  farmer,  Sec.  19,  P.  O. 
Brimfield,  was  born  in  England,  March  II,  1830.  Left 
England  for  the  U.  S.  in  1852,  and  located  in  Peoria 
county  on  the  place  he  now  owns  in  1853.  Married  in 
England  Jane  Snath,  a  native  of  that  country.  She  died 
in  1864.  He  had,  by  this  marriage,  one  child,  Sarah 
J.  now  Mrs.  Cowen.  Mr.  B.  married  for  his  second  wife 
Caroline  Prim,  also  born  in  England,  in  1843.  They 
have  four  children  ;  Henry  H.,  Francis  E.,  Carrie  E. 
and  George  L.  Owns  217  acres  of  land,  worth  $75 
per  acre,  and  154  acres  in  Marshall  county.  Are  mem- 
bers of  M.  E.  Church.     Politically,  he  is  a  Republican. 

Bouton  A.  Mrs.  f.armer,  P.  O,  Prlncevllle. 
Bouton  C.  farmer,  P.  O.  Prlncevllle. 

BOUTON  JOHN,  farmer  and  stock  raiser,  P. 

O.  Princeville,  son  oi  Gehileand  Maria  Bouton,  natives 

of  New  York  State,  who  immigrated   to  Knox  county, 

0.,  in  1808,  where  John  was  born  on  the  6th  of  May, 


1831.  He  was  bred  a  farmer,  and  attended  none  but 
the  district  schools.  In  1837  he  came  to  Illinois  and 
located  in  Princeville,  and  in  the  same  year  bought  the 
place  which  he  now  occupies  in  Jubilee  township. 
Married  Miss  Kate,  daughter  of  John  Harding.  She 
was  born  in  Peoria  county  on  the  8th  day  of  Dec,  1848. 
Seven  children  resulted  from  this  union,  five  still  living: 
Maria,  Samuel,  Margaret,  Almyra  and  Thompson.  Mr. 
B.  has  505  acres  of  land,  495  under  good  cultivation,  val- 
ued at  $20,000.  Came  to  this  county  in  limited  circum- 
stances, Mr.  B.  and  brothers  helped  to  survey  the  vil- 
lage of  Princeville  and  the  country  between  here  and 
Peoria. 

Brennen  Eddy,  farmer.  P.  O.  Monlea. 
Hrennan  .fas.  farmer.  P.  O.  Brimfleld. 
Brower  Herman,  farmer.  P.O.  Brimfleld. 
Byrnes  James,  farmer,  P.  O.  Prlncevllle. 
CahlU  Catti.  farmer.  P.  o.  Brimfleld. 

CHAHILL  PETER,  farmer.  Sec.  30,  P.  O. 
Brimfield,  was  born  in  the  county  Meath,  Ireland, 
February  12,  1843.  Father  died  in  Ireland.  lie  and 
his  mother  and  two  brothers  emigrated  in  June,  1847, 
and  located  on  the  place  where  they  now  live  ;  which 
consists  of  440  acres  of  land,  under  a  good  state  of 
cultivation  ;  over  250  acres  worth  $50   per  acre.     He 


768 


HISTORY   OF  PEORIA  COUNTY. 


is  now  serving  his  second  term  as  supervisor  of  Jubilee 
township.  He  and  his  mother  and  brothers  are  mem- 
bers of  the  Catholic  Church.     Democratic  in  politics. 

CartPton  .taniea.  f»rinf r.  P-  (».  rrtncfTlIIe. 
Cariii-v  M*ry,  f»rnicr,  I*  O    KoMn's  Nest. 
Carroll  Tlxn.  farnirr.  I'-  <>   I'rlnrrTlUe. 
Caapvr  A.  C.  farmer.  I',  o.  Kl'-kapoo. 
CbamlKnalii  J.  S.  farmrr.  H.  o.  Klckapoo. 
Chorcb  John,  farmirr,  P.  O.  MuDlca. 

CLARK  STE>'TN,  farmer.  Sec.  19.  P.  O. 
Brimfield,  was  born  in  the  town  of  Brim6eld,  Hamil- 
ton county.  Mass.,  April  II.  1813.  In  the  Spring  of 
1835.  started  West  to  seek  a  location  in  which  to  live, 
stopped  for  a  time  near  Joliet,  and  then  went  to 
Chicago  and  worked  as  farm  hand  in  1S40  ;  concluded 
to  try  Ohio,  but  not  being  pleased  with  it,  returned  to 
Illinois,  in  1 841,  and  located  in  Peoria  county,  where 
he  has  continued  to  live,  steadily  engaged  in  farming  ; 
owns  190  acres  of  land  in  Jubilee  township,  valued  at 
$60  per  acre,  besides  160  in  Iowa.  Was  married  in 
1845,  to  Mary  Rook,  who  was  born  in  Peoria  county 
in  1835.  They  have  had  eight  children ;  the  living 
are:  Frank  W..  James  R.,  John  H.,  and  Mary;  four 
deceased :    Charles  W..  Eliza,  George  and  Florence. 

CLAKK  THOMAS,  farmer, Sec.  32.P.O.  Brim- 
field. 

Crane  Thos.  farmer.  P.  O.  Rrlmneld. 
Crow  Isaar,  farmer.  P.  o.  Prlncevllle. 
CushitiK  MIrhael.  farmer,  P.  O.  Brlmfleld. 
Davis  Joseph,  farmer.  P.  O.  Brlmlleia. 
DeKiney  I)aiil-I.  farmer.  P.  O.  Brlmfleld. 
Delauey  Pat.  farmer  P.  O.  Motilca. 

DELL  GEO.  farmer,  P.  O.  Brimfield. 

Dupey  Jas.  farmer.  P.  O.  Prlncerllle. 
Fait  Jno.  farmer.  P.  <>.  Oak  Ulll. 
Filly  C.  K.,  P.  O.  Brlmfleld. 

FORNEY  J.  H,  farmer,  Sec.  7.  P.  O.  Brimfield, 
was  born  in  York  county.  Pa.,  July  2g,  1815  ;  grew  to 
manhood  on  a  farm  in  Pennsylvania.  Married  -Marga- 
ret A.  Allewelt.  She  was  born  in  Adams  county,  Pa.. 
Dec.  3,  1828.  They  have  had  nine  children  ;  the  living 
are,  Henry  A..  Adolphus  L.,  Ephraim  Y.,  Bellmina  E., 
Leander  E..  James  L.  and  Cora  I.  Those  deceased 
Elizabeth  h.  and  Clara  J.  Owns  160  acres  of 
land  in  the  homestead,  worth  $60  per  acre,  and  80 
acres  in  Ford  county  ;  has  held  the  offices  of  supervisor, 
assessor  and  collector,  and  served  in  them  with  credit 
to  his  township.  They  are  members  of  the  Lutheran 
Church,  and  in  politics  he  is  Democratic. 

Folk  P.  farmer,  P.  O.  KIckapoo. 
FrelliiR  Kill*  farmer,  P.  O.  Rubln'a  Neat. 
FrIlliiK  .loteph.  farmer.  P.  O.  Klekapuu. 
Hart  Ju^eph   faniter,  P.  U.  Ilrliiifleld. 

HATHAWAY  GILBERT,  farmer.  Sec.  19, 
P.  O.  Brimfield,  was  born  in  Summerset  county.  Me., 
July  27,  1818.  Started  West  with  only  $11  in  his 
pocket,  and  when  that  gave  out  worked  his  way  by  day's 
work  to  Peoria  county,  arriving  Aug.  30,  183S,  where 
he  located  on  a  piece  of  land  and  commenced  to  make 
■  home.  lie  married  Maria  Sabin  Willard.  She  was 
born  in  Rockingham,  Vt.,  Feb.  7,  1807.  By  a  former 
marriage  the  had  icvcn   children,  four   living,  Francis 


M..    Harry  C.  Lot    S.  and    Abbie    R.     The    dead    are 

William  A..  Lewis  S..  Isaac   and  Cynthia  A-     Mr.  H. 

owns  160  acres  of  land,  worth    $40   per  acre  ;  was  so- 

pervisor  three  years,  assessor  four  years,  collector  four 

years,  and  township  treasurer  twenty-seven  years.  They 

have  one  adopted  child.  Eunice.     Are  members  of  the 

Baptist  Church. 

Ilayei  Ctiarle.v  farmer,  P.O.  Brlmfleld. 
Hlnlle  Juhn  Mrs   P.  >>   Brlmfleld. 
HolT  John,  farrarr,  P.  O.  Brlmfleld. 
Huston  J.  farmer.  P.  U   Prlnrevllle. 
Jobnson  Wm.  farmer.  P.  O.  Brlnifleld. 
Kalaan  John,  farmer.  1*.  O.  Hrlmfleld. 
Kaelley  John,  farmer.  P.  ().  KIckapoo. 

KE.\HL  HERM.\N,  farmer,  Sec.  34.  P  O. 
Kickapoo.was  born  in  Germany,  Sept.  10,  1833.  Immi- 
grated to  America,  Jan.,  1856,  landing  in  New  York, 
where  he  remained  for  a  few  years.  Then  he  went  to 
Peoria  city,  where  he  engaged  in  keeping  store  and 
peddling  until  1874,  when  he  located  on  his  present 
farm  of  160  acres,  worth  $4,500.  Was  married  in 
1858  to  Elizabeth  Meyer,  who  was  bom  in  Prussia  in 
1831.  They  have  seven  children:  Herman.  John, 
Philip,  William,  Edward,  Elizabeth  and  Henry.  Are 
members  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church. 
Kelley  P.  farmer,  P.  O.  PrlnceTlUe. 

KELSCH  NICHELAS,  farmer,  P.  O.  Brim- 
field, Sec.  28,  was  born  in  Europe, Oct.  13,  1817.  Came 
to  America  and  landed  in  New  Orleans  in  1835  :  then 
went  to  Cincinnati,  O.,  and  later  10  Indiana,  and  finally 
came  to  Peoria,  where,  in  1844,  he  married  Lena  Bam- 
beck,  who  was  born  in  Europe  in  1815  and  died  April 
8,  J 85 5.  They  had  a  family  of  five  children,  four  liv- 
ing ;  Adam.  Michael.  Bearnhart  and  Marj'.  He  mar- 
ried Frances  Sackal  in  Feb.,  1S56.  She  was  bom  in 
Germany,  in  1834.  By  this  marriage  thirteen  children 
have  been  born  :  John,  Mary,  Martin,  Anna,  Lydia, 
Nicholas,  Joseph,  Theresa,  Katie,  William,  Jacob  and 
Henry.  One  in  infancy  deceased.  Mr.  K.  owns  80 
acres  of  land  in  Jubilee.  Are  members  of  the  Catholic 
Church. 
Kelsh  N.  farmer,  P.  O.  KIckapoo. 

KELSTEAD    P,    farmer.  Sec.  17.  P.  O.  Brim- 

field. 

KliiRdom  Jno.  farmer.  P.  O.  Kobln'i  Neat, 
Klein  Jno.  farmer,  V.o.  Brlmfleld. 
Koch  tieo.  farmer,  P.  i).  Brlmfleld. 

KOllTH  FKKOKKICK,  farmer.  P.O.  Kick. 

apoo. 

L«mAy  Win.  r»rnier.  i*.  O.  DudIkd. 
IjtiiiiAin  1    K.  fsriiirr.  IV  t>.  Itrliiiheld. 
LawI><>\  Margftrt't.  fKrmi*r    V.  (>   llrlinflvld. 
Ui»  Tfino  (■    \.  f«tinrr,  I'.  *».  rrlnceTllle. 
Law  rriicp  K.  fjiriiicr.  P.  O.  rrliir«vllle. 
L»wrpiiri'  y   M. 
LcUormaii  D..  ranner.  I*.  O.  Robin's  Nast. 

LI:TTEUMAN    .IAMKS,    farmer.  Sec.    28, 

r.  O.  nrimlicia. 

Utile  J.  W  .  f»rm«T.  p.  O.  PrlnrrTlllp. 
MiulU  lUnin.  Uriiicr.  P.  O.  Hrtmnrld. 
Maiiklr  llriirjr,  fftrmpr,  P.  O.  Prlncerllle. 
Mftniie)  Kmle)-.  fkriner,  P.  O.  PrinceTllle. 
MftrvbftJI  ▲.  A.  M.  Urmcr,  V.  U.  UrlmBcld. 


JUBILEE  DIRECTORY. 


769 


Marshall  C.  M.  farmer.  P.  O.  Brlmfleld. 
Martin  .r.  R.  farmer.  P.  O  Princevllle. 
Mc('al)6  Pat.  farmer.  P.  O.  Monie.'i. 
McCoy  J.  B..  farmer.  P.  O.  Hrlmtteld. 
McDonald  .las.,  farmer.  P.  O.  Brimfleld. 
Mclntjre  P.atrlck.  P.  O.  Brlmfleld. 
-Media  Daniel,  farmer.  P.  O.  Brlmlield. 
Miller  Chas,  farmer.  P.  O.  Bnmlleld. 
Moffltt  Edward  F..  farmer,  P.  <),  Princevllle 
Moss  C.  C.  farmer.  P.  o.  KobiD's  Nest. 

MOSS  JOHN,    farmer,   Sec.    14,  P.   O.   Robin's 
Nest.     The  subject  of  this  sketch  was  born  August  18, 
1810,   in    the    town    and   county  of  Onondaga,  N.   Y. 
His  father  died  when  he  was  but  six  years  of  age,  leav- 
ing a  wife  and  five  children,  with  a  small  farm.     Mr. 
Moss  received  his  early  education  in  his  mother's  fam- 
ily.    At  the  age  of  eighteen  spent  one  term  in  Onon- 
daga Academy.  At  theageoftwenty  he  left  home  to  seek 
his  fortune   in   the  world.      The    four  following  years 
were  spent  in  the  pursuit  of  knowledge,  and  the  means 
to  obtain   it.      Several   academic  terms  were  spent  in 
the   study   of    the   Greek   and    Latin    languages,    and 
mathematics   under   the    tuition   of   Professors   Wool- 
worth,   Fairchild,  and  Hendricks,   of  Onondaga  Aca- 
demy.    During  the  Summer  of  1833,  he  attended  the 
Episcopal  Academy,  in  Cheshire,  Conn.,  under  the  tui- 
tion of  Rev.  Dr.  Judd.     In    1835   returned  to  farming  ; 
rented  a  farm   in   Onondaga  county,   for  three   years. 
On  the  fourth  of  .May,  1837,  was  united  in  matrimony 
to  Miss  Julia  A.  Warner,  who  was  born  July  24,  1813, 
in  the  town    of  Skaneatelas,  Onondaga   county,    New 
York;  received   her  education  in  the   schools  of  that 
State — subsequently,  spending  several  years  in  teaching. 
Hand   in   hand,   they  have   passed  through  many  try- 
ing scenes  in  life's  checkered  pathway.  Having  worked 
with  varied  success  for  two  and  a  half  years,  the   finan- 
cial troubles  and   failure  of  crops   in  1837,  broke  him 
up.     The  Spring  of  1838   found   him  out  of  business 
and  employment,  so   packing  a  few  household  goods 
and  bidding  good   bye   to  friends,  they  started  on  the 
14th  of  April  for   the  far  distant  West ;    traveling  by 
canal,  lake  and  rivers,  arrived  in   Peoria  on  the  12th  of 
May,  and  located  on   the  northeast  quarter  of  section 
14,  now  in  the  town  of  Jubilee,  in  which  Jubilee  Col- 
lege was  located  in  the  following  Autumn,  by   Bishop 
Chase,   of  the   Episcopal   Church.      Of  which    church 
Mr.  Moss  and  all  his  family  are  members.     There  he 
still  remains,  having   improved   the  land  and  made  a 
pleasant   home  for  their  declining  years.     Have  raised 
a  family  of  five  children.     The  eldest,  J.  N.,  a  daugh- 
ter, a  graduate  of  the  Woman's    Medical  College,  in 
Chicago,   is  now  a  practicing  physician  there.     C.  C, 
the  eldest   son,  owns  and  resides  on  a  farm  adjoining 
the  homestead.     J.  M.,  after  spending  several  years  in 
successful  teaching  and  other  avocations,  and  a  year  in 
Colorado,  returned  home,  and  died  of  consumption  at 
the  age  of  thirty.     J.  C,  and  F.  E..  the  third  and  fourth 
sons,  both  graduates,  now  reside  in  Kansas,  engaged  in 
farming.     Mr.  Moss  contributed  liberally  in   time  and 


means  for  the  preservation  of  the   Union  during   the 
late  war.     Has  served  several  years  as   supervisor,  also 
as  assessor,  and  collector,  and  other  minor  offices,  still 
pursuing  his  lifelong  vocation. 
Murrloff  A.  farmer.  P,  O,  Klckapoo. 

NOTZKA  J.  farmer.  Sec.  34,  P.  O.  Kickapoo. 
Pacy  Richard,  farmer.  P,  O.  Brlmfleld. 

PACY  THOMAS,  farmer  and  justice  of  the 
peace,  Sec.20,  P.O.  Brimfield,  was  born  in  Lincolnshire, 
England.  March  8,  1829;  attended  the  common  schools 
of  England,  and  farmed  until  1852,  when  he  came  to 
America  and  stopped  a  short  time  in  New  Orleans; 
then  went  to  Wisconsin  where  he  carried  on  farming; 
thence  to  Boone  county.  111.,  and  entered  the  school  of 
Wheaton,  Dupage  county,  and  remained  two  years; 
then  followed  teaching  for  nine  years  in  Iowa  and  Illi- 
nois, and,  in  1866,  located  in  Jubilee  township,  and 
turned  his  attention  principally  to  farming.  He  mar- 
ried, in  1862,  Elizabeth  Hayes.  She  was  born  in  Wilt- 
shire, England,  in  1840.  They  have  had  six  children; 
the  living  are:  Addison,  Lincoln,  Ellen  and  Harry. 
At  the  present  time,  Mr.  Pacy  is  juslice  of  the  peace, 
which  office  he  has  held  for  six  years ;  he  is  also 
township  treasurer.  They  are  members  of  the  M.  E. 
Church.     Politically,  he  is  a  Republican. 

Powell  Emma  C.  P.  O.  Brlmfleld. 
Radley.Tas.  farmer,  P.  O.  Klckapoo, 
R  dley  \Vm.  farmer,  P.  O.  Klckapoo. 
Rowcllffe  G.  W.  farmer,  P.  O.  Princevllle, 
RowcUlfe  Wm.  farmer,  P.  O.  Robin's  Nest. 

RO  WCLIFF  WM.  farmer  and  minister,  Sec.  29, 
P.O.  Robin's  Nest. 
Ryan  John,  P.  O.  Princevllle. 

SAVAGE  P.  farmer  and  blacksmith,  P.  O.  Brim 

field. 

Shane  Susan  L.  farmer.  P.  O.  Brlmfleld. 
Schllnck  Jno.  farmer.  P.O.  Kickapoo. 
Slocum  .1.  B.  farmer.  P.  O.  Brlmfleld. 
Smith  ,Ino.  B.  farmer,  P.  O.  Robin's  Nest. 
Stewart  .Jos.  farmer,  P.  O.  Brimfield. 
Stewart, las.  W.  farmer.  P.  O.  Robin's  Nest. 
Stewart  Thos.  farmer,  P.  O.  Robin's  Nest. 
Sutton  Charles,  farmer.  P.  O.  Brlmfleld. 
Thurmer  Jas.  farmer.  P.  O.  Robin's  Nest. 

TUCKER    BENJAMIN,    farmer   and   post 

master.  Jubilee,  Robin's  Nest. 

Tulley  John,  farmer.  P.  O.  Brimfleld. 
Tully  Phil,  farmer,  P.  O.  Brlmfleld. 
Wakefield  Tersa  J.  farmer,  P.  O,  Princevllle. 
Walker  A.  E.  farmer,  P.  O.  Brlmfleld. 
White  M.  M.  farmer,  P.  O.  Robin's  Nest. 
Wllford  Wm.  farmer.  P.  O.  Brlmfleld. 

WILSON  J.  K,  farmer.  Sec.  31,  P.  O.  Brim- 
field, was  bom  in  Brown  county,  Ohio,  August  31, 
1820;  he  came  to  Peoria  county  in  1S48,  and  followed 
farming  until  March  25,  1850.  Started  across  the 
plains  to  Oregon  and  California,  and  engaged  in  the 
manufacture  of  shingles,  mining,  etc.,  until  December, 
1853,  when  he  returned  to  Peoria  county  and  again 
resumed  farming.  Was  married  Nov.  I,  1854,  to 
Ethelinda  Vail,  who  was  born  in  Hamilton  county,  O. 


770 


HISTORY  OF  PEORIA  COUNTY. 


He  owns  i6o  acres  of  land  under  a  good  state  of  culti- 
vation,  worth  $60  per  acre.  Politically,  is  I  ndependent. 
Mr.  Wilson's  parents  are  both  dead. 


Winn  Ellia,  farmer.  P.  O.  Monica. 
Winn  Bugh,  (armrr.  P.  O.  BrlmlleKL 
Teu  Aagusius,  farmer.  P.  O.  Brimfleld. 


KICKAPOO    TOWNSHIP. 


ABBOHLEY  JAMES,  coal   miner.    P.    O. 

Pottstown. 

Abten  Aht«.  fanner,  P.O.  Peorta. 
Alexander  James,  coal  miner.  P.O.  Peoria. 
Alexaiiiler  KobtTt.  ratlroad  carpenter,  I'.O  Peoria. 

ALLBRIGHTON  THOMAS,  miner,  P.  O. 

Edwards  Station. 

Allen  E.  farmer  and  coal  operator.  P.O.  Peoria. 

AlwardT.  brickmakrr.  P.O.  Peoria. 

Arabs  L.  farmer.  P.O.  Peoria. 

Amsler,  Mary,  farmer,  P.O.  Peoria. 

Amsler  Wm.  roal  miner.  P.O.  Peoria. 

Anderson  .1.  farmer.  P.O.  Peoria, 

Anderson  Simeon,  fanner.  P.O.  Marker's  Comers. 

ArmstronK  James,  farmer.  P-O.  Peoria. 

Awl  c.  L.  farmer.  P.O.  Peoria. 

Backus  N.  farmer.  P.O.  Peoria. 

BarkInK  J.  coal  miner.  P.O.  Peoria. 

Hall  Kd.  coal  miner  and  operator,  P.O.  Peoria. 

Barker  J.  fardener,  P.O.  Peoria. 

HarinbrooK  I.  co:.l  miner.  P.'t.  Peoria. 

Barton  L.  T.  f«rmer.  P.O.  Peoria. 

Barton  W.  c.  H.  farmer,  distiller  etc.,  P.O.  Peoria. 

BASLER  NICHOLAS,  farmer  and  grape- 
grower.  Sec.  10,  P.  O.  Kickapoo.  Mr.  Itasler  is  a  son 
of  Philip  and  Eve  Easier  nte  Stough,  and  was  born  in 
Germany,  31st  May,  1825.  He  spent  the  years  of  his 
minority  in  his  father's  vineyard,  and  was  thoroughly 
educated  as  a  grape  grower.  He  immigrated  to  America 
in  the  twenty-second  year  of  his  age,  and  landed  at  St. 
Louis,  remained  a  short  time  and  then  went  to  Cin- 
cinnati, O.,  where  he  found  employment  among  the 
vineyardists  ol  that  city  for  eight  years.  He  united  in 
marriage  with  Miss  Catherine,  daughter  of  Godfried 
and  Magdelena  Kinck  nee  Houk,  on  the  2gth  day  of 
February,  1851,  and  came  to  lUinoisand  settled  at  their 
present  home  in  April,  1855.  They  had, 'little  but  their 
German  pluck  with  which  to  commence  their  home,but 
they  fought  bravely  and  well.  They  settled  on  wild 
land  covered  with  a  thick  growth  of  small  trees  and 
underbrush.  Mrs.  Kasler,  although  a  small,  frail  woman, 
often  helped  her  husband  with  the  grubbing  hoe,  and 
otherwise  in  clearing  the  land,  as  well  as  in  the  planting 
and  harvesting  seasons.  They  worked  and  saved  on 
their  forty  acre  farm,  and  now  own  120  acres  valued  at 
$30  per  acre.  A  part  of  the  old  homestead  is  devoted 
to  grapes  and  small  fruit,  which  yield  handsome  pro- 
fits. They  were  raised  in  the  faith  of  the  German 
Luthern  Church,  to  which  they  still  adhere.  They 
have  two  children.  John  was  bom  at  Cincinnati,  O., 
and  September,  1852,  and  Robert  was  born  at  the  pre- 
sent homestead  2nd  December,  185S. 

Debrends  John,  farmer.  P.O.  Peoria. 
Benlsh  J.  cual  miner.  P.O.  Peoria. 


BELL  GEORGE,  farmer.  Sec.  18,  P.  O.  Alta. 
Son  of  William  and  Mary  Bell  nee  Stephens,  was  born 
in  Ohio,  15th  December,  1833.  His  father  was  a 
journeyman  tanner,  and  moved  froih  place  to  place  as 
he  could  find  employment.  As  soon  as  he  was  old 
enough,  George  commenced  to  work  at  whatever  he 
could  find  to  do,  but  mostly  among  the  farmers  of  the 
neighborhood  where  his  father  lived,  so  that  it  may  be 
said  he  was  educated  as  a  tiller  of  the  soil.  On  the  18th 
day  of  March,  1857,  at  Cincinnati,  O.,  he  was  united  in 
marriage  with  Mary,  daughter  of  John  A.,  and  Eliza- 
beth Harris  n^f  Leslie,  who  was  born  in  Fayette  Co., 
O.,  i8th  May,  1S3S.  In  September  of  that  year,  1857, 
they  came  to  Tazewell  Co.,  this  State,  remained  there 
one  year,  and  then  went  to  Des  Moines  Co.,  Iowa. 
After  three  years  in  Iowa,  they  came  back  to  Illinois, 
and  have  since  remained  in  Peoria  county.  A  part  of 
the  time  they  lived  in  the  city  of  Peoria,  where  Mr. 
Bell  engaged  as  fireman  on  a  ferr)'  boat,  and  part  of 
the  time  as  engineer  at  the  potter)*.  In  February,  1865, 
he  enlisted  in  Company  G.,  77th  Illinois.  The  war 
closed  in  April,  and  Mr.  Bell  returned  home  in  June. 
During  the  remainder  of  that  year  he  engaged  as  a  com- 
mon laborer,  and  in  the  Spring  of  1866,  he  leased  a  farm 
of  R.  M.  Cole,  which  he  occupied  five  years.  In  1871, 
he  moved  to  Abram  Fry's  place  in  Kickapoo  township, 
which  he  occupied  until  the  Spring  of  1878,  and  then 
became  a  tenant  on  the  farm  of  Robert  Campbell  in 
Sec.  I,  Kickapoo  township,  on  which  he  remained  until 
the  Spring  of  1880,  when  he  removed  to  his  own  quar- 
ter section  as  above,  which  he  had  previously  purchased. 
This  tract  of  land  is  valued  at  $25  an  acre.  They 
have  had  seven  children,  Elizabeth  Jane  and  James 
William,  twins,  were  born  23rd  May,  1859,  John  Frank- 
lin, born  28th  February,  1861,  Ida  May  and  Elmer 
Ellsworth,  twins,  born  13th  February,  1863,  Elmer  E., 
died  nth  July,  and  Ida  M.iy.  nth  October,  same  year, 
Luella  Augusta,  born  17th  August,  1867,  Cornelius 
Leslie,  born  8th  March,  1873.  Mrs.  Bell  was  baptized 
in  the  Baptist  faith,  to  which  she  still  clings.  Mr. 
Bell  has  no  church  membership,  Politicially  he  is  an 
independent  Democrat. 
Itcrftman  II.  farmer,  Peorlx 

BEST    PETER,  farmer.  Sec.  16,  P.  O.  Kicka- 
poo,   son  of  Jacob  and  Elizabeth  Best,  nee  Ebbcrlay, 


KICKAPOO   DIRECTORY. 


771 


was  bom  in  Franklin  county,  Pa.,  January  9,  1836.  In 
the  last  days  of  October,  1S43,  the  family  left  Pennsyl- 
vania to  find  a  home  in  Illinois,  traveling  from  Cham- 
bersburg  to  Pittsburg  in  a  one-horse  wagon.  From 
Pittsburg  they  came  to  Peoria  by  boat,  arriving  in  De- 
cember. Temporary  provision  was  made  at  Peoria  for 
the  accommodation  of  the  mother  and  smaller  children, 
and  about  five  o'clock  of  a  cold,  stormy  day,  the  father 
and  three  of  the  older  children,  including  Peter,  set  out 
on  foot  for  Kickapoo  village,  which  they  reached  about 
II  o'clock,  and  found  shelter  at  John  Schlenk'sold  pio- 
neer hotel.  A  few  weeks  later  the  family  settled  on  a 
tract  of  land  purchased  in  Rosefield.  where  the  children 
were  raised,  and  on  which  the  father  died,  in  Decem- 
ber, 1874,  at  the  age  of  seventy-five  years.  The  mother 
is  still  living,  at  the  age  of  eighty.  She  has  eight  liv- 
ing children,  fifty-eight  grandchildren  and  sixteen  great- 
grandchildren. Peter  Best,  the  subject  of  this  sketch, 
grew  to  manhood  in  Rosefield,  with  such  school  advan- 
tages as  the  times  aflTorded.  On  the  21st  December, 
1858,  he  married  Mary,  daughter  of  Adam  and  Mar- 
garet Eisenbour  nee  Geiger,  who  was  born  in  Baden, 
Germany,  i6th  June,  1839.  They  lived  two  years  on 
the  Best  homestead,  and  remained  in  the  township 
until  iS6g.  when  they  came  to  Kickapoo,  and  in  1870 
to  their  present  place.  They  now  own  505  acres  of 
land,  valued  at  $35  an  acre,  besides  valuable  personal 
property.  Democratic  in  political  sentiment,  and  Cath- 
olic in  religious  faith.  They  have  nine  children- 
Adam  J.,  born  Sept.  27,  1859,  educated  at  Parish's 
Peoria  Business  College,  and  graduated  therefrom  May 
I,  1S79;  Jacob  F.,  born  July  17,  1861,  Elizabeth  A., 
August  6,  1863,  Joseph  V.,  Sept.  12,  1865,  Matilda  M., 
July  2,  1067,  Peter  M.,  November  24,  1S69,  Anna  M., 
April  3,  1872,  Mary  A.,  Aug.  20,  1S74,  Frances  B,, 
Jan.  25,  1878. 

Blandlti  r.  A.   armer,  P  O.  Barker's  Corners. 

Blank  Gpo.  coal  operator.  P.O.  Peoria. 

Blower  N.  coal  miner.  P.O.  Peoria. 

Bohanan  J..  P.O.  Peori.-i. 

Booth  VV.  farmer  and  .J.  P..  P.O.  Peoria. 

Bonrlaiid  R.  farmer,  P.O.  Peoria. 

Bont^  C.  farme'-.  P.O.  Peoria. 

Bontz  Perer.  farmer  P.O.  Peoria,  or  Marker's  Cornels. 

Bowers  Frank,  irartlener  an«l  coal  miner,  P.O.  Peoria. 

Brast  C.  coal  operator,  P.O  Peoria. 

BRADY    CHARLES    M,    farmer,  Sec.    12, 

P.  O.  Peoria. 

Brown  C.  Mrs.  P.O.  Peo-^la. 
Brown  Isaac,  retired.  P.O.  Peoria. 
Brunica  Bruno,  farmer,  P.O.  Peoria. 
BrunlKa  Geo.  farmer.  P  O  Peoria. 
Brumlnijer  H.  farmer.  P.O.  Peoria. 
BrunnlB'  J.,  farmer.  P.  o.  Peoria. 
Burdoos  J.,  coal  miner,  ?.  O.  Peoria. 

BURDETT  JOSEPH,  farmer,  P.  O. 
Peoria,  son  of  John  and  Sarah  Burdett.  ntt  Sharman. 
was  born  at  Sutton  Bassett,  Northamptonshire,  England, 
September  7,  1826.  He  attended  the  free  schools  of 
England  from  the  time  he  was  six  and  a  half  until  he 
was  eleven  and  a  half  years  of  age,  and  was  then  set  to 
work  on  a   farm,  and  at   the  age   of  seventeen  years 


commenced  working  in  the  mines.  July  22,  1849,  he 
married  Ann,  daughter  of  John  and  Martha  Fowles, 
nee  Bagley,  who  was  born  on  the  20th  day  of  July, 
1829.  In  the  early  Spring  of  1850,  he  left  England 
and  his  wife  to  make  a  home  for  her  in  America;  landed 
in  New  York  on  the  iSth  day  of  May,  proceeded  to 
Ohio,  and  there  found  work  by  which  he  earned  money 
enough  to  carry  him  to  Illinois,  and  arrived  at  Peoria 
in  November  of  that  year.  Worked  in  AquillaMoflfatt's 
coal  mines,  as  a  miner  for  two  years,  September  I, 
1851.  his  wife  joined  him.  In  1853,  he  commenced 
operating  in  coal  on  his  own  account.  In  1S57,  he 
purchased  the  first  So  acres  of  the  present  homestead  ; 
began  to  improve  it  in  1S60,  and  came  to  live  on  it  in 
February,  1863.  He  has  since  added  another  80 
acres,  making  160  acres  in  the  home  place,  which  is 
highly  cultivated,  and  valued  at  $50  an  acre  ;  also 
owns  another  l6o  acres  in  section  27,  valued  at  $25 
an  acre.  Politically  Mr.  Burdett  is  an  uncompromis- 
ing Democrat;  was  elected  supervisor  in  1S68,  and  re- 
elected six  years  in  succession  ;  in  1879  ^^  ^^s  again 
elected.  Mr.  B.  is  also  a  practical  farmer,  and  an 
active  member  of  the  Patrons  of  Husbandry,  and  has 
been  Master  of  the  South  Kickapoo  Grange,  No.  446, 
since  its  organization,  May  16,  1873.  He  is  also  presi- 
dent of  the  Peoria  County  Grange  Co-operative  Asso- 
ciation, and  a  member  of  the  Big  Hollow  Butter  and 
Cheese  Manufacturing  Company.  They  have  had  ten 
children  ;  Joseph,  born  in  England,  6th  May,  1850 ; 
married  Jane  Benn,  5th  July,  1S71  ;  Josephine,  born 
Peoria  county,  15th  December,  1852,  died  nth  March, 
1864;  Arthur,  born  19th  June,  1854.  died  ist  October, 
1S55  ;  Anna,  born  loth  February,  1S56,  married  Wil- 
liam Benn,  5th  July,  1879;  Sarah,  born  7th  November, 
1S57;  Alfred,  born  nth  September,  1859,  ^^^^  23rd 
December  same  year ;  Stephen  A.  D.,  born  29th  Janu- 
ary, 1861  ;  Isaac,  born  27th  September,  1862  ;  John, 
born  i8th  April,  1864;  Martha,  born  8th  March,  1866; 
died  4th  April  following.  The  father  and  mother 
were  baptized  in  the  Church  of  England. 

Calhoun  W.,  farmer,  P.  O.  Peoria. 

('ameron  J.,  farmer.  P.  O.  Peoria. 

Caiiipeii  J  .  farmer.  P.  O.  Peoria. 

(.■liamltlin  K..  farmer,  P.  O.  Peoria. 

Chamblln  H..  farmer,  P.  O.  Peoria. 

Cttaml'Iln  N..  farmer,  P.  O.  Peoria. 

Chapman  J.  W.,  coat  miner.  P.  O.  Peoria. 

Chapman  Wm.,  farmer.  P.  O.  Peoria. 

Clark  .T..  farmer.  P.  O.  Peoria. 

Clark  S.  S.,  merchant,  P.  O.  Peoria. 

Classon  N..  farmer  atul  coal  miner.  P.  O.  Peoria. 

Clemens  .Sarah  J..  P.  O.  Peoria. 

Clo.seii  Jos.,  farmer.  P.  O.  Peoria. 

Cod\'  .fo.seph.  brick  maker.  P.  O.  Peoria. 

Collier  .!.,  farmer.  P.  O.  Peoria. 

Corrielius  G..  farmer.  P.  O.  Peoria. 

Ciirti.s  .lames,  coal  miner.  P.  O.  Peoria. 

Oanltet  E.  farmer.  P.O.  Peoria. 

Dauber  .Joseph,  farmer.  P.O.  Peoria. 

Daut)et  Martjaret.  farmer.  P.O.  Edwards  Station. 

Dauber  X.  X.  farmer.  P.O.  Peoria. 

Davi.s  K.  coal  miner.  P.O.  Peoria. 

Denton  Carnllne.  fanner.  P.O.  Peoria. 

Donaldson  Geo.  coal  operator.  P.O.  Peoria. 

Donnebcrper  A.  farmer.  P.O.  Peoria. 

Dorger  J.  farmer.  P.O.  Peoria. 

EDWARDS  S.  S.  merchant,  Edwards  Station, 


772 


HISTORY  OF  PEORIA   COUNTY. 


is  a  son  of  Thomas  and  Elenor  Edwanls,  net  Scott,  and 
was  born  in  Hampshire  county.  Va.,  Feb.  l8,  1527,  and 
came  with  his  parents  to  Kosefield  township  in  the 
Spring  of  1S35.  In  1857,  when  the  Peoria,  Oquawka 
and  Burlington,  now  the  C,  B.  &  Q.,  Railroad,  was 
completed,  he  removed  from  the  farm  to  Edwards  Sta- 
tion, where  he  opened  a  grocery  and  provision  store, 
and  was  appointed  station  agent  by  the  railroad  com- 
pany ;  was  also  appointed  the  6rst  postmaster  in  the 
place.  In  the  Spring  of  1862,  he  removed  his  family 
back  to  the  farm  and  enlisted  in  Co.  K.  77th  Illinois. 
He  was  elected  second  lieutenant,  and  subsequently 
promoted  to  first  lieutenant,  and  served  three  years, 
fourteen  months  of  which  time  was  spent  in  the  rebel 
prison  at  Camp  Ford,  Texas  ;  rations  were  sometimes 
nothing  but  a  handful  of  corn  a  day  to  each  prisoner. 
After  returning  home  he  engaged  in  farming  until  Feb- 
ruary, 1877,  when  he  again  removed  to  Edwards  Sta- 
tion  and  opened  a  general  store.  He  was  appointed 
postmaster  the  same  year,  in  which  capacity  he  is  still 
serving.  December  18,  1851.  he  married  Miss  Mary  J., 
daughter  of  Rev.  Jacob  Schamp,  who  was  born  May  4, 
1825.  They  have  had  seven  children — Florence  Vir- 
ginia, born  Nov.  21,  1852.  died  Sept.  29,  1853;  Thomas 
Justin,  born  Dec.  23,  1853;  William  Henry,  born  Oct. 
6.  1S55;  Mary  Susan,  bom  Feb.  23,  1857;  Isadorejane, 
born  Aug.  Q,  1859;  Charles  Hamilton,  born  Dec.  23. 
1861;  Edward  David,  born  April  17,  1 366,  died  March 
2,  1867.  Mr.  Edwards  is  Republican  in  political  failh 
and  practice.  Mrs.  Edwards  is  a  member  of  the  M.  E. 
Church. 
Engeike  F.  coal  operator,  P.O.  Peoria. 

EVANS  ISAAC  B.  coal  miner,  Pottstown,  P. 
O.  Peoria,  was  bom  in  Glamorganshire,  Wales,  Nov. 
to,  1821.  His  parents,  Isaac  and  Jemima  Evans,  nte 
Waters,  came  to  America  when  he  was  three  years  old, 
settling  in  Florence,  Washington  county,  Pa.,  where 
they  remained  ten  years.  At  the  age  of  fourteen, 
Isaac  was  apprenticed  to  the  trade  of  a  machinist.  At 
the  end  of  eighteen  months  he  lost  his  eyesight.  He 
subsequently  traveled  a  number  of  years,  seeking  such 
employment  as  his  impaired  eyesight  would  permit, 
finally  settling  in  Canton,  III.  In  1S64-5  he  had  his 
eyes  treated  by  Dr.  J.  Perrin  Johnson,  of  Peoria,  who 
succeeded  in  restoring  the  sight  of  one  eye  after  five 
years  of  blindness.  In  1868  he  came  to  Pottstown, 
where,  on  Dec.  24  of  that  year,  he  married  Eliza, 
daughter  of  Wm.  S.  and  Sarah  Jones,  nee  Potts,  who 
was  born  In  England,  Nov.  22,  1843.  Mr.  E.  returned 
to  Pott>tnwn  in  1875,  <"i^  dealt  in  groceries  and  no- 
lions.  Me  served  one  term  as  constable,  and  was 
elected  and  is  now  acting  as  justice  of  the  jieacc ;  is  also 
operating  a  leased  coal  mine.  He  has  three  children 
—  Sarah  Ann,  born  July  26,  1870;  Geo.  K.,  born  May 
27,  1876,  and  Leon  L.,  Dec.  29,  1878. 


PMh  D.  Mr».  farmer.  P.O.  Peoria. 

FINCK  JOHN,  farmer  and  grape  grower.  Sec. 
10,  P.  O.  Kickapoo.  son  of  John  and  Magdalena  Finck, 
nee  Houk,  was  bom  near  Wurtemburg,  Germany,  Dec 
19,  181 7,  and  was  educated  as  a  German  farmer.  He 
came  to  America,  spent  three  years  in  Penn.,  then  went 
to  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  and  remained  about  four  years, 
during  which  time,  in  1653,  he  united  in  marriage  with 
Catharine  Fredericka  Raff,  who  was  born  in  Germany, 
.\ug.  18,  1834.  In  1S56  they  removed  to  Illinois  and 
settled  at  the  present  homestead  and  commenced  to 
make  a  farm  in  the  timber  and  brush,  and  by  their 
united  industry  have  a  comfortable  home.  They  had 
eight  children — John  William,  bom  at  Cincinnati, 
Ohio,  Aug.  19,  1855,  Fritz  J.,  bom'at  the  present  home, 
Jan.  2,  1857,  John,  bom  Nov.  19,  1858,  Robert,  bom 
Feb.  27,  1861,  Caroline,  born  Feb.  x8,  1863,  Louisa 
Frederika,  born  Feb.  4,  1866.  Nicholas,  bom  June  4, 
1868.  David,  born  April  5.  1870.  Mrs.  Finck  died 
Sept.  II,  1874.  The  parents  were  raised  in  the  faiih 
of  the  German  Lutheran  Church.  Politically  Mr. 
Finck  has  always  been  Republican.  He  owns  forty 
acres  of  land,  part  of  which  is  devoted  to  grape  growing, 
valued  at  $30  an  acre. 
FltiBcralci  Robt.  farmer.  P.O.  Peoria. 

FRYE  BENJAMIN  D.  farmer.  Sec.  i,  P  O. 

Peoria,    is    the    son    of  Abram   and  Eleanor  Frj'e  nee 

Campbell,  bom  in  Richwoods  township,  Nov.  26.  1840, 

and  grew  to  manhood  on  the  old  homestead.     In  the 

Fall  of  1863  he  married  Sarah  D.  Johnson,  daughter  of 

Joseph  Johnson,  who  was  born  in   Peoria  about   1 843. 

Soon  after  marriage    he    enlisted  in  Co.  A.,  77lh  III.  ; 

returned  May  28,  1865,  and  look  possession  ot  the  farm 

on  which  he  now  resides.     His  wife  died  July  17.  1S69, 

leaving  one  child,  George  W.,  bom  May  30,  1866.     He 

re-married    May  8,   1873.  with   Ellen  M.,  daughter  of 

John  and  Eliza  Batten  nee  Jeffries,  who  was  born  in  the 

city  of  Peoria  Aug.  29.  1S50.     They  have  four  children 

—  Clara    E.,   born    April   23,    1 874,  Eugene,   Sept.  1, 

1875,    Mabel,   July   17,    1877,   Elizabeth  B.,  April  16, 

1879.     Mrs.  Frye  is  of  the  Presbyterian  failh,  and  Mr. 

Frye  Baptist.     Politically  he  is   Republican.     He  is  a 

son  of  one  of  the  oldest  settlers,  his  father  having  come 

to  Peoria  county  in  1833. 

flprJes  H.  farmer.  P.O.  Harker'ti  Corners. 
Oerilv!!  R.  II   farmrr.  P  O    Peiirla.) 
Oet«  B.  coal  miner.  P.O.  Peorta.1 

GLAZE  RICHARI>,  coal    miner  and  farmer. 

Sec.  35,  P.  O.    Peoria,    is  a  son   of  William  Glaze,  and 

was  born  in  Staffordshire,  England,  Oct.  15,  1832,  and 

was  raised  in  Warwickshire  as  a  miner.     May  27,  1855, 

he    married   Sarah,    daughter   of  Joseph    and   Harriet 

Hodson,  who  was  born  March  4,  1S33.     Mr  Cil.irc  came 

10  America  in  advance  of  his  wife  and  daui;hlcr  .Agnes, 

arriving    in    July.    1S62.     He    stopped  in   Michigan  a 

ahort  lime,   and   in   September  came  to  Hale't  Mill, 


KICKAPOO   DIRECTORY. 


773 


where  he  was  joined  by  his  wife  and  child  in  Novem- 
ber, and  where  they  have  continued  to  reside,  except  a 
few  months  spent  in  Colorado  by  Mr.G.  in  1878,  engaged 
as  above.  They  have  had  four  children  —  Agnes,  born  in 
Fozeley  Tamworth,  England,  Dec.  7,  1S61,  George 
Washington,  born  at  Hale's  Mills,  April  13,  1864, 
Harriet,  born  Aug.  22,  1S65,  died  Nov.  27,  1S79,  Sarah 
Ann,  born  Oct.  S,  1870,  died  Dec.  23  following.  Mr. 
G.  is  Republican  in  politics.  He  owns  fifteen  acres  of 
land,  valued  at  $75  an  acre. 

Goodrich  B.  C.  farmer.  P.  O.  Peoria. 
Grant  Peter,  coal  miner.  P.  O.  Peoria. 
GralferiDaii  H.  farmer.  P.  O.  Peoria. 
Gratferman  P.  farmer.  P.  (>.  Peoria. 
Green  L.  wliolesale  grocer.  P.  O.  Peoria. 
Greenwood  C.  farmer.  P.  O.  Peoria. 
Griscliott  M.  coal  operator,  P.  o.  Peoria. 
Gronewold  H.  farmer.  P.  O.  Peoria. 
Guppv  R.  coal  miner,  P.  O.  Peoria. 
Hall  £.  farmer.  P.  O.  Peoria. 

HALLER  CHRI.STINA  M.  farmer.  Sec.  11, 
P.  O.  Peoria.  Mrs.  Haller  is  a  daughter  oijacob  and 
Christina  Koerner,  nee  Grill,  and  was  born  in  Wurtem- 
burg,  Germany,  May  2,  1823.  When  she  was  eight 
years  of  age  her  parents  came  to  America,  and  settled 
at  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  On  the  15th  of  May,  1842,  she 
united  in  marriage  with  Conrad  Haller,  a  butcher,  and 
remained  at  Cincinnati  until  1850;  came  to  Illinois 
and  stopped  in  Peoria  until  March,  1851  ;  then  settled 
on  the  present  Haller  homestead,  on  which  the  second 
cabin  in  the  township  was  erected,  in  1S34,  by  John  L. 
Wakefield.  They  had  eight  children  —  Jacob,  born 
March  lo,  1S43,  died  February  23,  1844;  Conrad,  bom 
January  20,  1845;  Frederick,  born  April  19,  1846; 
Jacob,  (2)  born  January  17,  1848,  died  June  2,  1849  ; 
George,  born  January  20,  1850;  Catharine,  born  Octo- 
ber 8,1851;  Rosina,  born  April  II,  1853;  Christina, 
bom  November  27,  1855.  Mr.  H.  died  November 
9,  1855.  The  daughters  were  educated  for  the  profes- 
sion of  teaching,  at  the  Peoria  Normal  School,  from 
which  they  graduated  with  honors.  The  Haller  family, 
parents  and  children,  were  raised  under  the  religious 
teachings  of  the  German  Lutheran  Church.  The 
homestead  embraces  160  acres  of  highly  improved  land, 
worth  $50  per  acre. 

Haller  .1.  farmer,  P.  O.  Harlier's  Corners. 
Hamilton  Wni.  R.  coal  operator,  P.  O.  Peoria. 
Uaren  H.  farmer.  P.  O.  Peoria. 
Harker  D.  fanner,  P.  o.  Harlter's  Corners. 
Harker  J.  farmer.  P.  O.  Peoria. 
Hattennan  B.  farmer.  P.  O.  Peoria. 
Hattermati  H.  farmer.  P.  O.  Peoria. 

HANLiON  T.  J.  farmer.  Sec.  18,  P.  O.  Edwards 

Station. 

HARRIS  F.  farmer.  Sec.  11,  P.  O.  Kickapoo. 

Henderson  A.  retired,  P.  O.  Peoria. 
Herman  C.  farmer,  P.  O.  Peoria. 
Henerman  Class,  farmer,  P.  O.  Peoria. 

HOLMES    HARRIET  E.  farmer.  Sec.   36. 

P.  O.  Peoria.     Mrs.   Holmes  is   an   adopted   daughter 

of  the  late  Judge  William    Hale.     She   was   born    in 

Oswego  county.  New  York,  and  was  adopted  by  that 

gentleman  when  she  was  about  two  and  a  half  years 


old,  and  when  Judge  Hale  came  to  Kickapoo,  in  Sep- 
tember, 1S36,  was  about  nine  years  of  age.  She  was 
as  carefully  nurtured  and  educated,  and  as  liberally 
provided  for  as  if  she  had  been  an  own  child,  and  she 
cherishes  the  memory  of  her  adopted  father  very 
sacredly.  She  possesses  an  apt  and  ready  mind  ;  has 
written  several  poems  of  merit.  One  poem,  dedicated 
to  the  memory  of  her  eldest  son,  DeSilva,  "  Her  Boy 
with  the  Nut-Brown  Hair,"  who  died  a  soldier  in 
Florida,  was  a  wail  from  a  loving  mother's  heart.  It 
found  a  place  in  the  columns  of  many  a  newspaper, 
and  is  still  preserved  in  many  a  scrap-book  as  a  gem 
of  real  worth.  On  the  28th  day  of  April,  1844,  she 
was  united  in  marriage  with  Jesseniah  Holmes,  who 
died  in  March,  1875.  They  had  seven  children: 
DeSilva,  who  enlisted  in  the  U.  S.  Army  and  died  in 
Florida  ;  Martha,  who  married  John  Wolstenholme  ; 
Pauline,  who  married  James  Phillips  ;  George  D., 
Ira  and  Edward.  Mrs.  H.  owns  l6o  acres  of  land, 
valued  at  $50  an  acre. 

Homan  L.  farmer.  P.  O.  Peoria. 

Hoye  Patrick,  coal  operator.  P.  O.  Peoria. 

HOWARTH  RICHARD,  farmer  and  stock- 
grower,  Sec.  30,  P.  O.  Edwards  Station.  The  subject 
of  this  sketch  is  a  representative  man  of  an  English 
community  in  this  township,  the  individual  members  of 
which  are  noted  for  their  economy,  thrift,  prosperity 
and  high  moral  character.  He  was  born  in  Lanca- 
shire, England,  April  12,  1824,  and  is  the  sixth  son 
and  one  of  twelve  children  of  Richard  and  Martha 
Howarth,  nee  Greenwood,  who  were  married  in  1805. 
He  was  born  and  raised  in  a  mining  district,  to  which 
business  he  was  educated.  His  family  sailed  from 
Liverpool  on  the  23rd  day  of  February,  1842,  and 
after  stopping  a  while  at  St.  Louis,  reached  Kickapoo 
in  September,  and  settled  on  the  farm  he  now  occupies. 
Their  first  American  home  was  a  sod  house,  which  was 
in  great  contrast  with  his  present  large  stone  residence. 
In  1844,  sickness  came  upon  the  family  and  at  one 
time  they  were  all  down  together,  not  one  of  them 
being  able  to  help  the  other.  The  father  and  Samuel, 
one  of  the  sons,  died  within  a  week  of  each  other,  in 
.\ugust  of  that  year.  The  memory  of  the  neighbors, 
James  Clark,  the  Bensons,  and  Bishop  Chase,  is  dearly 
cherished  by  Mrs.  Howarth,  for  kindness  in  that  lime. 
The  mother  died  in  May,  1851.  Richard  Howarth 
commenced  to  Americanize  as  a  miner  and  farmer,  and 
so  continued  until  1867-8,  when  he  abandoned  the 
former.  On  the  25th  day  of  October,  1849,  he  married 
Alice,  daughter  of  Thomas  and  Ellen  Lonsdale,  nee 
Halstead,  who  was  born  in  Lancashire,  England,  Octo- 
ber 10,  1828,  and  came  America  in  1843.  They  com- 
menced life  on  the  Howarth  homestead,  which  they 
have  always  occupied,  and  where,  by  their  industry  and 
economy  they  have  acquired  an  extensive  and  valuable 


774 


HISTORY  OF  PEORIA  COCNTT. 


landed  property.  They  have  had  two  children  :  Sam- 
uel, born  August  29  iSso.died  August  21,  1851  ;  Martha 
Pollen,  born  December  24.  1 851,  married  William  Taylor. 
April  12,  1876.  Religiously,  the  family  are  of  the  Pro- 
testant  faith.     Politically,  Mr.  H.  is  a  Republican. 

naghM  Mar}',  farmer.  P.  O.  Peoria. 
Hurroan  H   urmrr.  I*.  <*.  pporta. 
Hur^t  Lot  coal  intnrr.  P.  U    **eorl». 
Hunt  M.  furnirr.  f.  <)   Peoria, 
JohiiHoii  Itette.  fAfiiirr.  P.  (>.  Peoria. 
Johitv>n  K.  farmer.  P.  O.  Peoria. 
Johnson  lleUik*-.  f.trnier.  P.  <».  Peorta. 
Johnion.1.  l>.  ftrnu-r.  P.  it.  Prorla. 
Johnson  J.  H.  farmer.  P.O.  Peoria. 
Jobnson  J.  K.  farmer.  P.O.  Peoria. 

JOHXSOX  JOHN,  Sen.,  retired,  res.  Sec.  36, 
P.  O.  Chillicothe,  is  a  well  preserved  representative  of 
physical  manhood.  He  was  born  in  Campbell  county, 
Kentucky.  5th  November,  1797.  In  1799  his  parents, 
William  and  Eunice  Johnson  nre  Petty,  removed  from 
Kentucky  and  settled  in  what  is  now  Switzerland 
county.  Indiana,  where  he  grew  to  manhood.  Mis 
educational  advantages  were  confined  to  the  subscrip- 
tion schools  of  the  period.  On  the  25th  of  December, 
1823,  he  united  in  marriage  with  Miss  Hannah, 
daughter  of  Caleb  and  Jane  Mounts  ««  Walleck,  who 
was  born  in  Fayette  county.  Pa.,  22d  March,  1805.  In 
September,  1831,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Johnson  loaded  all  their 
household  effects  on  an  ox  wagon  and  in  company  with 
two  or  three  other  families  they  started  (or  Illinois. 
They  arrived  at  Peoria  on  the  7th  day  ol  October, 
1831,  and  soon  after  Mr.  J.  rented  a  farm  from  Peter 
Menard,  above  Mossville,  which  he  occupied  for  three 
years.  He  continued  in  that  neighborhocKi  until  1S36, 
and  then  made  a  claim  to  a  tract  of  240  acres  of  land 
near  the  present  site  of  Jubilee  College,  which  he  pur- 
chased from  the  Government  in  1837.  Here  he  im- 
proved and  occupied  the  farm  until  1S41,  when  he  sold 
the  land  to  Bishop  Chase,  and  purchased  200  acres  in 
Sec.  13.  Kickapoo  township,  residing  there  until  their 
removal  to  his  present  home  in  March.  18S0.  While  a 
resident  of  Indiana,  Mr.  Johnson  served  four  years  as 
Lieut. -Colonel  of  the  44th  Regiment  Indiana  State 
Militia,  and  the  old  records  testify  of  his  efficiency  as 
an  officer.  He  also  scr%'ed  three  years  as  deputy  sheriff 
of  .Switzerland  county.  Since  his  residence  in  Peoria 
county,  he  has  filled  almost  every  oflfice  in  township 
government.  He  was  elected  justice  of  the  peace  in 
Kickapoo  township  in  the  Spring  of  1851,  and  continued 
in  that  capacity  by  re-election  from  lime  to  time  until 
his  removal  to  Hallock  township,  when  he  resigned. 
Religiously  he  is  a  Uaptist  in  faith.  Politically,  is  > 
staunch  Democrat.  .Mr.  Johnson  has  been  the  father 
of  ten  ions  and  daughters,  Crawford,  born  2nd 
November,  1824,  died  loth  March,  1859;  Jane,  '>°^" 
>6th  September,  1836.  married  Eli  Albertton,  loth 
November,  1845  ;  Marion,  born  28th  March,  1838, 
married  Mary  Hell  in  18C2;  Perry,  born  2d  December. 
1S29,  married  Harriet  Roberts  in  1851,  and  both  died 


in  1855:  America,  born  iSth  February,   1833.  married 

Miles    Bosworth,    March    1852,    died    13th    February. 

1857;  Rachel,  born  30th  January,  1836.  married  Omer 

liosworth,  January,    1856.   died    14th    January.   1866; 

William  R.,  born  7th  March,   1S39.  married  Catherine 

Welch  at  Bloomington.  111. ;  John,  born  6ih  June,  1S41, 

married,  first.  Miss  Sarah  Whittington,  23d  November, 

1863,  who  died  22d  June,  1874,  and  second,  Miss  Vera, 

daughter   of  James    L.    and    Susan    Hindmarsh,    I3lh 

February,  1877.     Two  children  died  unnamed.     Mrs. 

Johnson,  the  wife  and  mother,  died  7th  October,  1673, 

after  a  residence  of  exactly  forty-two  years  in  Illinois. 

JOHN.SON  JOHN  Jr.  farmer.  Sec.  13,   P.  O. 

Peoria. 

Johnson  L.  Mr*,  sons  coal  miners,  P.O.  Peorlv 
Jobnson  R  farmer.  P.U.Peoria. 
Jones  H.  W.  farmer.  P.O.  Peoria. 

.  JOVES  HENRY  W.  farmer.  Sec.  34,  P.O. 
Peoria.  Henry  Jones,  the  father  of  the  subject  of  this 
sketch,  was  of  Welch  parentage,  and  was  born  in 
Culpepper  county,  Virginia,  where  be  grew  to 
manhood,  and  married  Sarah  Zinn,  who  was  of  Ger- 
man and  English  extraction.  They  immigrated  to 
Ohio  about  1S04.  and  settled  in  Gallia  county,  where 
Henry  W.  was  born  on  the  7th  of  February.  1819.  In 
November,  1831,  they  came  to  Illinois  and  settled  at 
Peoria,  spending  the  first  Winter  in  a  small  log  cabin 
that  stood  at  the  foot  of  the  Main  street  bluff.  In 
April.  1S32.  they  moved  out  to  the  Rocky  Spring  (on 
the  F.irmington  road)  and  settled  on  what  is  still  known 
as  Jones'  Prairie,  where  Henry  W.  grew  to  man's 
estate.  He  has  lived  in  that  immediate  neighborhood 
ever  since,  and  is  justly  entitled  to  be  regarded  as  one 
of  the  old scltlns.  He  has  been  closely  identified  with 
the  growth  and  development  of  Limestone  and  Kicka- 
poo townships.  On  the  30th  day  of  October,  1843,  he 
married  Miss  Rebecca,  daughter  of  Reuben  and  Nancy 
Miller  nte  Sturgeon,  who  was  born  in  Shelby  county, 
Kentucky,  28th  December,  1S21.  In  1844,  they  moved 
from  Limestone  to  this  township  ;  spent  the  Summer  of 
1845  in  J*>  Daviess  county;  came  back  in  the  Fall  of 
that  year,  and  in  1846,  settled  on  their  present  farm. 
From  a  .stumpy  quarter-section,  Mr.  Jones  has  made  a 
handsome  and  attractive  farm,  the  result  of  his  own  in- 
dustry and  mechanical  ingenuity.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Jones 
have  had  twelve  children  :  Clarissa  C,  was  born  No- 
vember 15,  1843.  married  Francis  Peppard,  June,  i860; 
Lovina,  born  February  15,  1845,  married  Charles  Daly, 
November,  1869;  Amanda  V...  born  March  8,  1847, 
married  Thomas  Newcomb.  (third  husband)  July  24, 
1876:  Charles  P.,  born  July  ;.  1849.  man ied  Miss 
Caroline  Daly,  November  17,  1869;  Lucinda,  born 
March  31.  1851,  married  Robert  Acol,  June  iS,  187}; 
James  H.,  born  February  31,  lSs3,  married  Alice 
Brown,  December  1,  1878;  Malinda  J.,  born  February 
34,    ISJS;  John    F.,  bum    November  38,    1856,   died 


KICKAPOO  DIRECTORY. 


775 


March  5,  1867  ;  George  N.,  born  September  15,  1859, 
died  August  5,  1S61  ;  Anna,  born  April  8,  i86l,  died 
in  infancy;  Adaline  C,  born  February  23,  1863, 
married  William  Edwards,  January  6,  1879;  Euphemia 
B.,  bom  November  27,  1865.  Mrs.  Jones'  grandfather, 
when  she  saw  him  last  in  1829,  was  Ii6  years  of  age, 
and  her  mother  lived  to  be  eighty-seven.  Mr.  Jones' 
mother  lived  to  be  eighty-nine.  Protestant  in  religious 
sentiment.  Mr.  J.  is  a  Republican  of  the  liberal  type. 
He  owns  1S9  acres  of  land,  valued  at  $40  an  acre.  He 
has  held  various  local  offices,  such  as  town  assessor,  etc. 

Jordan  Pat.  farmer.  P.O.  Peoria. 
Jordon  F.  Mis.  farmer.  P.O.  Peoria. 

JOSS  GEORGE,  farmer,  Sec.  34,  P.  O.  Peoria, 
is  a  son  of  Coradin  and  Anna  Joss,  k«  Men,  and  was 
born  at  Andeer,  Switzerland,  May  21,  1826.  He  re- 
ceived all  the  advantages  of  the  common  schools  of  his 
native  country,  and  one  year  in  a  school  devoted  to  the 
study  of  tree  culture,  and  was  awarded  a  second  grade 
diploma,  to  earn  which  two  or  more  years  were  usually 
required.  He  still  preserves  as  a  memento  of  his 
school  days,  a  book  with  tree  drawings,  essays  on  their 
nature,  the  best  means  of  cultivation,  yearly  growth, 
etc.,  drawn  and  written  by  him,  that  is  a  model  of  pen- 
manship. At  seventeen  years  he  was  apprenticed  to 
the  carpenter  trade.  When  he  had  served  three  years, 
a  rebellion  broke  out  against  the  government,  and  he 
was  drafted  into  the  army  for  six  years,  as  was  then  the 
custom  in  Switzerland.  When  he  had  served  three 
years,  he  bought  the  remainder  of  his  time  and  came 
to  America,  arriving  at  Peoria  in  October,  1849,  and 
until  1S71,  engaged  at  the  trade  of  a  carpenter  in  this 
State  and  Wisconsin.  He  has  been  twice  married  ; 
first  on  the  6th  of  November,  1852,  to  Miss  Elizabeth 
Lenenberger,  a  country-woman  of  his.  This  wife  died 
without  issue  October  6,  1855,  and  on  the  24th  of 
December,  1864,  he  married  hispresent  wife,  Elizabeth, 
daughter  ol  George  and  Emily  Breidenstein,  nee 
Kleinsmith,  who  was  born  at  Niederscheldt,  Germany, 
February  14,  1836.  Five  children  have  blessed  this 
union:  Anna,  born  October  i8,  1865;  George  Theo- 
dore, born  August,  1867 ;  Amelia,  born  September 
20,  1869  ;  Margaret  Henrietta,  born  September  16, 
1871  ;  William  Tell,  born  October  13,  1873.  In  1871, 
they  came  to  occupy  their  present  home  and  farm  of 
160  acres,  valued  at  $35  an  acre.  Religiously,  they  are 
of  Protestant  faith. 

Keller  GeorRe.  brewer,  P.O.  Peoria. 
Keppel  Christ,  farmer.  P.O.  Peoria. 
Keppel  Frank,  farmer,  P.O.  Peoria. 
Kroieskey  Theodore,  farmer.  P.O.  Peoria. 

KEACH  CHARLES,  farmer.  Sec.  i,  P.  O. 
Peoria,  born  in  Rensselaer  county,  N.  Y.,  June  i,  1833. 
His  parents  were  Henry  and  Lucy  Keach,  nee  Hall. 
In  the  Fall  of  1846  his  father,  with  a  view  to  bettering 
the  condition  of  his  family,  came  to  Illinois,  and  being 


pleased  with  the  country  around  their  present  home, 
erected  a  shop  in  Radnor  township,  and  began  forging 
a  home  for  wife  and  children.  In  the  Fall  of  1847  he 
returned  to  New  York,  sold  his  possessions,  came  back, 
settled  near  his  present  residence,  engaged  in  black- 
smithing  and  farming  until  age  and  infirmity  compelled 
a  cessation  from  labor.  Charles  remained  at  home 
assisting  as  blacksmith  and  farmer.  In  November,  1854, 
he  went  on  a  visit  to  his  boyhood  home,  and  while  there 
married  Laura  Jane,  daughter  of  \Vm.  Doty,  and  re- 
turned with  her  to  his  father's  home  in  Radnor.  She 
died  in  September,  1S58,  leaving  one  child,  William  E., 
born  Nov.  28,  1856.  During  the  years  subsequent  to 
1854,  Charles  was  engaged  principally  in  farming.  On 
the  25th  of  March  he  married  Marion  Ann,  daughter  of 
Abram  B.  and  Georgietta  Fash,  nee  Smith,  born  in  Peo- 
ria, Feb.  8,  1842.  The  very  next  week  they  began  as 
farm  tenants  in  a  log  cabin  on  the  80  acres  next  north 
of  their  present  residence.  Mr.  Keach  is  one  of  those 
who  touch  nothing  that  does  not  turn  to  good  account. 
In  the  Spring  of  1864  he  bought  his  present  homestead, 
on  time,  with  not  even  a  nickel  towards  making  the 
first  payment.  But  they  were  promptly  met.  He  has 
added  other  lands  until  now  he  owns  260  acres  and  the 
prettiest  home  site  in  Kickapoo  township,  valued  at 
$75  an  acre.  His  present  wife  has  been  a  true  helpmate 
in  all  things.  Though  raised  in  the  city,  with  little 
knowledge  of  farm  life,  she  took  naturally  and  kindly 
to  farm  duties.  Mrs.  K.  was  baptized  in  the  faith  of 
the  M.  E.  Church,  but  is  not  now  a  communicant.  Mr. 
K.  believes  in  practical  Christians,  with  hearts  and 
hands  always  open  to  the  relief  of  suffering  and  dis- 
tress wherever  found,  regardless  of  creed.  Politically 
Mr.  K.  is  an  independent  Democrat.  They  have  four 
children,  Effie  Georgietta,  born  Jan.  18,  1863;  Chester 
Burton,  born  Oct.  6,  1S64  ;  Cora  May,  born  Oct.  27, 
1867,  died  Aug.  28,  i86g;  Jessie  Irene,  born  Nov.  i, 
1869. 

KINGSLEY  CHARLES  M,  farmer,  Sec.  8, 
P.  O.  Edwards  Station,  son  of  George  O.  and  Fanny 
Kingsley,  nee  Earns,  was  born  in  this  township,  Dec. 
9,  1843,  where  he  was  raised  and  educated  as  a  farmer's 
son.  In  August,  1862.  he  enlisted  in  Co.  K,  77th  Illi- 
nois, and  served  until  the  close  of  the  war.  He  par- 
ticipated in  a  number  of  engagements,  a  full  account  of 
which  will  be  found  in  the  regimental  history  elsewhere 
published.  He  was  mustered  out  of  the  service  at 
Alabama,  July  10,  1865,  and  arrived  at  home  on  the 
29th,  since  when  he  has  engaged  as  above.  On  the  22d 
of  January,  1868,  he  united  in  marriage  with  Elizabeth, 
daughter  of  Joshua  and  Mary  Jane  Brown,  ttee  King, 
who  was  born  in  Rosefield  township,  July  22,  1852. 
They  have  had  six  children,  Eli  Chester,  born  Jan.  30, 
1S69  ;  Charles  W.,  Dec.  14,  1871  ;  Cynthia,  Nov.  5, 
1873  ;  Lillian,  Jan.  i,  1875  ;  George  O.,  Nov.  20,  1877, 


776 


HISTORY  OF  PEORIA  COUNTY. 


died  June  12,  1878;  Fannie,  born  J»n.  27,  1879.  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  K.  are  of  protcsiant  faith.  Folitically  he  is  a 
Democrat,  true  and  steadfast.  He  was  elected  town 
assessor  in  the  Spring  of  1876,  but  did  not  qualify  in 
consequence  of  sickness.  He  owns  338  acres  of  land, 
valued  at  $30  an  acre. 

KIXG.SLEV  FAXNY,  farmer,  P.  O.  Peoria. 
Mrs.  Kingsley  is  the  third  child  and  daughter  of  Ben- 
jamin  an<l  Harriet  Eams,  tut  Smith,  and  was  bom  at 
Willoughby,  Cuyahoga  county,  Ohio,  June  18,  1825, 
and  came  to  La  Salle  county,  this  State,  with  her  par- 
ents in  June,  1840.  In  the  beginning  of  January.  1S41. 
she  married  George  O.  Kingsley,  son  of  Perley  and 
Anna  Kingsley,  nee  Mason,  who  was  bom  at  Hrattle- 
boro,  Vermont,  February  14,  1810.  He  came  to  Peoria 
county  and  settled  in  the  Kickapoo  valley  in  1833.  He 
was  thoroughly  educated  in  the  schools  of  Vermont, 
and  was  qualified  both  by  nature  and  education  for  any 
position  in  life.  His  name  is  intimately  associated 
with  many  ol  the  public  improvements  and  buildings 
of  the  county,  as  well  as  in  other  ways.  He  was  the 
contractor  for  the  mason  work,  viaducts,  etc.,  on  the 
Illinois  and  Michigan  canal,  when  it  was  building,  and 
during  the  time  was  associated  in  a  dry  goods  store  at 
Marseilles,  with  William  Pierce,  which  was  the  second 
general  store  opened  at  that  place.  The  honor  of  mak- 
ing the  first  farm  improvements  in  the  Kickapoo  valley 
belongs  also  to  George  O.  and  Frank  P.  Kingsley.  On 
the  5lh  day  of  May.  1841,  Mr.  Kingsley  and  his  wife 
landed  at  Peoria  from  a  steamboat,  and  the  same  day 
came  out  and  occupied  the  cabin  of  which  mention  is 
made  in  the  general  history  of  this  township.  In  the 
beginning  of  1842  they  moved  up  to  the  site  of  the 
home  now  occupied  by  Mrs.  Kingsley,  where  she  has 
ever  since  resided.  Mrs.  Kingsley  has  been  the  mother 
of  five  children  —  Cynthia,  was  born  November  30, 
1841,  married  John  Kirkman  in  October,  1858;  Charles 
Mason,  was  burn  December  9,  1843,  married  Lizzie 
Brown,  of  Rosefield,  January  22,  1868;  James,  was 
born  January  26,  1846,  and  died  at  nine  months  ;  Har- 
riet Romania,  was  born  .May  13, 1850,  married  William 
Spurck,  August,  1869;  George  I'liney,  was  born  April 
26,  i860.  Mrs.  Kingsley  is  not  religiously  connected 
with  any  church.  Mr.  Kingsley's  death  is  noted  in  the 
general  history  of  Kickapoo  township. 

KOEKNKK  CHKISTIAN,  farmer,  .Sec.  9, 
P.  O.  Kickapoo,  is  a  son  of  Jacob  and  Christina  Koer- 
ner,  nee  Krill,  and  was  born  at  Bald  Mill,  near  Cincin- 
nati, Hamilton  county,  Ohio,  March  27,  1834.  When 
he  was  fourteen  years  of  age  his  parents  removed  to 
Peoria  county,  and  he  has  ever  since  resided  in  the 
neighborhood  where  he  now  lives.  On  the  25th  of 
March,  1858,  he  married  Miss  Nancy  Ann,  daughter  of 
John  and  Elizabeth  Stringer,  who  was  burn  at  Moss- 
»ille,   August  24,   1839.     Five  children    were    born  of 


this  union  —  John,  was  bom  February  »6,  1859;  Chris- 
tine Elizabeth,  was  bom  February  26,  1861  ;  Mary 
Ann,  was  bom  June  21,  1866;  David  William,  was 
born  December  21,  1872  ;  Thomas  Christian,  was  bora 
September  24.  1876,  and  died  January  28,  1877.  Mrs. 
Koemer  died  April  7,  1877.  Mr.  Koerner  was  raised 
in  the  faith  of  the  German  Lutheran  Church,  but  is 
not  identified  with  any  religious  organization.  He  is 
Democratic  in  politics.  He  owns  100  acres  of  land, 
valued  at  $30  an  acre. 

KOERNEK  D.WID,  fanner.  Sec.  15,  P.O. 
Kickapoo,  is  a  son  of  Jacob  and  Christina  Koemer. 
nee  Krill,  and  was  born  at  Bald  Hill,  Hamilton  county, 
Ohio,  October  15,  1635.  In  the  Fall  of  1848  his 
parents  removed  to  Illinois  and  settled  on  the  farm  he 
now  occupies.  On  the  nth  of  December,  1S60.  he 
married  Miss  Louisa  Siebold.  who  was  bom  at  Fell- 
back.  Germany,  July  17,  1837.  When  she  was  about 
three  years  of  age  her  father  came  to  seek  a  new  home 
in  America.  After  two  or  three  letters  from  him,  the 
last  one  da'.ed  at  New  Orleans,  all  tidings  of  him  were 
lost  and  the  supposition  was  that  he  died  suddenly, 
with  nothing  on  his  person  by  which  he  could  be  iden- 
tified. When  Louisa  was  in  her  seventeeth  year  her 
mother  sent  her  to  America,  intending  to  come  hersell 
if  her  daughter  was  pleased  ;  if  not,  she  promised  to 
send  her  money  to  carry  her  back  to  her  German  home. 
Louisa  was  pleased,  however,  and  wrote  her  mother 
that  she  had  found  a  good  home,  but  before  the  mother 
could  complete  arrangements  to  come,  she  sickened 
and  died.  In  time  Louisa  found  a  home  in  the  family 
of  John  Stringer  for  nearly  three  years,  and  from  which 
she  was  married.  David  Koemer  and  Louisa  Siebold 
had  six  children  —  David,  born  March  6,  1863,  died 
May  29,  1871  ;  Jacob  C,  born  September  4, 1863 ;  Car- 
oline Kosina,  born  November  30,  1865 ;  Frederick 
William,  bom  July  21,  1868;  Louisa  Chiistina.  born 
April  24,  1873;  Mary  Elizabeth,  b»rn  July  5,  1879. 
The  parents  were  both  brought  up  in  the  German 
Lutheran  Church.  Politically  .Mr.  Koerner  is  a  Dem- 
ocrat. He  owns  340  .acres  of  land,  valued  at  $30  an 
acre.  The  parents  of  .Mr.  Koerner  both  died  on  this 
place,  and  were  buried  in  a  handsome  plot  of  ground 
set  off  for  that  purpose  in  their  life  lime. 

Ijiromers  C.  irrocer.  r.O.  Peoria. 
LAiir  J.  cual  inliirr,  I'.O.  I'rurla. 

L..\SER  AUGl'ST,  firmer.  Sec.  22.  P.  O. 
Kickapoo.  was  born  at  Erfurt,  Prussia,  .'Vug.  28,  iSaS, 
His  parents  weie  Wilhelm  and  Louisa  LiLser,  nee  Or- 
phal.  He  was  educated  at  the  muster  school  until 
twelve  years  of  age,  and  then  entered  the  lower  or  un- 
der class  of  the  gymnasium,  where  he  studied  two  yean. 
His  father  was  a  gardener  and  seedsman,  and  when 
August  was  fifteen  years  of  age  he  began  an  apprentice- 
ship to  that  trade.     At  nineteen    he  entered  the  Ptus- 


KICKAPOO   DIRECTORY. 


m 


sian  army  and  served  three  years.  Came  to  America 
in  his  twenty-second  year,  landing  at  Buffalo,  and 
worked  at  the  Oakland  nursery  and  greenhouse;  thence 
he  went  to  Ross  county,  Ohio,  as  gardener  for  Doctor 
Thatcher.  In  the  Fall  of  1856  he  went  to  New  Orleans 
as  a  private  gardener ;  soon  after  came  to  Peoria  and 
had  charge  of  B.  L.  T.  Bourland's  greenhouse  for 
two  years ;  then  worked  for  John  Griswold  two  years, 
and  laid  off  the  grounds  and  planted  the  trees  on  that 
much  admired  homestead.  In  January,  r862,  he  re- 
moved to  his  present  residence  with  a  view  to  making 
it  a  fruit  farm.  In  the  Spring  of  1856,  he  married  So- 
phia, daughter  of  Elias  and  Maria  Bartholenman,  who 
was  born  near  Erfurt,  Prussia,  Dec.  26,  1827.  They 
have  had  five  children  —  Henry,  born  May  ig,  1858, 
drowned  Sept.  23,  l85;,  while  trying  to  save  a  younger 
brother  from  drowning;  Lizzie,  boin  July  14,  i860, 
died  in  Peoria,  Sept.  1861;  Rudolph,  born  Feb.  8,  1862, 
drowned  Sept.  23,  1865  ;  Lizzie,  2d,  born  May  9,  i863. 
Religion,  Protestant  ;  politics.  Republican.  Mr.  Laser 
makes  botany  a  study  ;  owns  eighty  acres  of  land,  worth 
$2,500. 

Leonard  M,  coal  operator,  P.O.  Peoria. 
Look  B.  E.  farmer.  P.O.  Peoria. 
Look  E.  Mrs.  farmer.  P.O.  Peoria. 
Look  John  B.  fanner.  P.O.  Peoria. 
Look  J.  E.  farmer,  P.O.  Peoria. 
Look  G.  farmer.  P.O.  Peoria. 
Look  Lambert  E.  grocer.  P.O.  Peoria. 
Look  L.  B.  farmer,  P.O.  Peoria. 

LONSDALE  RICHARD,  farmer.  Sec.  32, 
P.  O.  Peoria,  son  of  Thomas  and  Ellen  Lonsdale,  k« 
Halstead,  was  born  near  Aislington,  Lancashire,  Eng- 
land, 26th  Sept.,  1817,  and  commenced  life  as  a  hand- 
loom  weaver  at  the  early  age  of  eight  years.  At  eleven 
he  entered  a  cotton  mill  at  Elwood,  Lancashire,  where 
he  was  employed  in  various  capacities  for  twenty-one 
years,  thirteen  years  of  which  he  superintended  the 
engines  that  furnished  the  power  for  two  large  mills, 
remaining  there  till  he  came  to  America  in  1849.  He 
arrived  at  Peoria  14th  Nov.  of  that  year,  and  joined 
his  father's  family  in  Kickapoo.  He  occupied  rented 
land  until  the  death  of  his  father  in  March,  1S63,  when 
he  succeeded  to  the  ownership  of  the  Lonsdale  home- 
stead, and  has  added  other  land,  until  he  now  owns  560 
acres,  valued  at  $25  to  $35  an  acre.  When  Mr.  L. 
reached  Kickapoo,  he  had  but  little  means,  and  he  has 
acquired  his  possessions  by  industry  and  careful  econ- 
omy. On  the  25th  day  of  Dec,  1838,  he  married  Miss 
Ann,  daughter  of  John  and  Betty  Wadsworlh,  «(•«■ 
Ovenden,  and  a  faithful  helpmeet  she  proved  in  their 
struggle  in  America.  Mrs.  Lonsdale  was  born  in  York- 
shire, England,  24th  April,  1819.  Her  parents  were 
hand-loom  weavers,  and  from  childhood  she  learned 
lessons  of  industry  and  economy.  Eleven  children 
were  born  of  this  marriage :  Martha,  born  5th 
Feb.,  1840;  Colonel,  born  12th  July,  1842,  died  9th 
July,  1843  ;  Ellen,  born  3d  Aug.,  1844,  died  8lh  March, 
55 


1845;  Mary  Hannah,  born  loth  Jan.,  1846,  died  4th 
Dec,  1855;  Ernest,  born  4th  June,  1848,  killed  by  ac- 
cident at  Peoria  Gas  Works,  1st  Feb.,  1870;  William, 
born  23d  Dec,  1850,  married  Ellen  Mitchell,  l8th  Sept. 
/S73  ;  John,  born  26th  May,  1853  ;  Richard,  born  nth 
Sept.,  1855;  Mary  Ellen,  born  21st  Sept.,  1857;  lietly, 
born  2ist  Oct.,  1S59,  'l'«d  ■9'''  Aug.,  i860 ;  Sarah  Ann, 
born  29th  June,  18O3.  All  the  living,  except  William, 
remain  at  home  with  their  parents.  Politically,  Mr.  L. 
is  a  Democrat. 

Lottmaii  C.  farmer.  P.O.  Peoria. 
Lottmau  Fred,  grape  grower,  P.O.  Peoria. 

MARIE  JOSEPH,    farmer,    Sec.   34,    P.    O. 

Peoria.      Nicholas   Marie,  tke    father   of  Joseph,   was 

born,  raised,  and  married  the  first  time,  in  France  and 

came  to  America  and  settled  in  Stark  county,  Ohio,  in 

1828.     His  first  wife  died,  childless,  in  1S29.  and  about 

a  year  after  he  married  Mary  Ann  Smith,  who  was  also 

born  in  France,  September  20,  1800,  by  whom  he  had 

four  children:  Joseph,  Mary  Ann,  Julia  and   Malinda. 

Joseph  was  born  in  Stark  county,  O.,  October  31,  1831. 

In  1S38,  his  parents   removed  from  Ohio,  and  founded 

the  Marie's  home  as  above.     Their   first   house  was  a 

small  log  cabin  that  stood   at  the  foot   of  the  bluff  in 

Jones'  Hollow.     Deer  were  often  seen  sporting  on   the 

bluffs,    within  easy  shooting   range   of   the  cabin.     In 

the  Fall  of  1S40,    Nicholas    Marie,    the   husband   and 

father  died.     Joseph  was  the  oldest  of  the   family,  and 

the  burden  of  their  support  fell  on   him,  and   hence  it 

may  be  said  that   from  his  ninth  year  he  has   had  a 

family  to  maintain.     On  the  5th  day  of  June,  1861,  he 

married   Johana,   daughter     of  William    and     Nancy 

Holden,    nee  Corcoran,  who  was   born  at  Red   Acre, 

county  Kilkenny,  Ireland,  May  29,  1841,  and   came  to 

America  with  her  parents  when  she  was  quite  a  young 

girl.     They  first    settled  at  Newark,  Licking    county  ; 

subsequently  in  Zanesville,  Ohio  ;    came  from  there  to 

Illinois  about  1852.     They  had  eleven  children  :    Mary 

Ann,  born  June  3,  1862  ;    Nellie,  born  June   15,  1863  ; 

the  third  child  was  born   August  29,  1864,  and  died ; 

Nicholas,  born    September    15,  1865 ;    William,   born 

January  27,  1867;    Joseph,  born  May  4,  1868;   James 

Francis,  born  May  23,  1870  ;    Anna,  bom  October  14, 

1872,  died  May   23,   1875  ;    Malinda,   born   November 

16,  1874;    Thomas   Centennial,   born   June    20,  1876; 

John  Edmund,  born   March  30,  1878.     The  family  are 

members  of  the  Catholic  Church.     Politically,  Mr.  Marie 

is  an  Independent   Democrat.     He  served  as  justice  of 

the  peace  from  1866  to  1870,  and  has  filled  other  local 

offices.     He  owns  160  acres  of  land,  valued  at  $35  an 

acre.     His  mother,  now   in   her  eightieth  year,  has  a 

home  in  his  family. 

MARSHALL  JOHN,  farmer.  Sec.  36.  P.O. 

Kickapoo,  was  born  in  Devonshire,  England.  July  17, 

182O,  and  worked  on  a  farm  for  his  father  till  he  was 

twenty-.'iix  years  old,  when  he  married  Rebecca  Horse- 


778 


UISTORY  OF  PEORIA  COUNTY 


well,  by  whom  lie  had  four  children  :  Thomas  E., 
Elizabeth,  John,  and  Kicliard,  all  of  whom  slill  reside 
in  England.  He  buried  his  wife  in  Ihe  Fall  of  1863, 
and  in  the  Sprinj;  of  1S69,  immigrated  to  America, 
arriving  at  I'eoria,  August  7lh  of  the  same  year,  and 
settled  in  Kickapoo.  He  has  always  been  a  consistent 
professor  of  religion,  and  since  obtaining  his  citizen- 
ship has  generally  voted  with  the  Republican  party, 
lie  has  always  conducted  himself  as  a  good  citizen  of 
his  adopted  country. 

MAS.SING  >IATIIIA.S,  farmer  and  grape- 
grower,  Sec.  16,  P.  O.  Kickapoo,  son  of  Andrew  and 
Mary  Massing,  nte  Greoei,  was  bom  on  the  river 
Kliine,  Prussia,  October  16,  1812,  and  bred  a  farmer. 
In  the  Spring  of  1840,  he  immigrated  to  America  and 
settled  at  the  present  site  of  .Mossville,  and  engaged  as 
wood  chopper  and  common  laborer.  He  bought  his 
first  horse  from  Captain  Moss,  and  paid  for  it  in  clear- 
ing land  and  making  rails.  The  wheels  of  his  first 
wagon  were  made  from  sections  sawed  from  a  large 
oak  tree  ;  there  was  not  a  particle  of  iron  in  the  entire 
make  up  uf  the  vehicle.  In  March,  1S41,  he  united  in 
marriage  with  Elizabeth,  daughter  of  Andrew  and 
Catharine  Klein.  She  was  born  at  Kreisnocht,  Prus- 
sia, November  27,  1819.  They  remained  at  Mossville 
until  1843  ;  lived  two  years  on  the  bluff  farm  of  Cap- 
tain Moss,  and  in  1847,  came  to  the  site  of  their  pres- 
ent comfortiible  home,  which  was  worked  out  of  the 
timber  and  brush.  They  now  own  260  acres  of  land, 
valued  at  $40  per  acre.  A  part  of  the  home  place  is 
devoted  to  grape  growing,  and  a  part  of  their  other 
land  is  underlaid  with  coal.  They  have  had  nine  chil- 
dren :  Matliias,  born  August  28,  1842  ;  Andrew,  born 
June  6,  1843,  died  at  three  months;  Andrew,  the  sec- 
ond, was  burn  October  13,  1844,  and  died  at  the  age  of 
thirteen  years;  Elizabeth,  born  May  15,  1847,  married 
Frank  German,  November  23,  1868;  Edward,  born  Feb- 
ruary 27,  1849;  Catharine  II.,  born  September  3,  1853; 
Frederick,  born  April  25,  1S55  ;  Mary,  born  April  5. 
1859,  married  Henry  Dailey,  in  1879  ;  Frank,  botn 
April  5,  1869.  Parents  and  children  are  members  of 
the  Catholic  Church.  Politically,  Mr.  Massing  is  a 
Democrat. 

Mc<*1aiiff);ie«>  J.  farmer,  P.  O.  Peoria. 
MrC'iiu.'ii  .Mrs   f;iriinr.  V.  <>.  Trurla. 
.McKlriiy  l>.  f:irmir.  1".  i)   Ivurhi. 
M<-Mntiii!)  II.  t'uul  iiiliiiT.  r.  (>.  i'LMirla. 
Huiiirnnivyor  Krcii,  vincyardlnl,  P.  O.  Peoria. 
Mcyrrs  C.  cukI  uiliior,  p.  O.  Peoria. 

IVIIDOKETON       .lO.SKIMI       HKNllY, 

grocer  and  wliolcsale  and  retail  dealer  in  coal,  I'olts- 
to»n,  I',  O,  Peoria.  The  subject  of  this  sketch  is  the 
architect  of  his  own  fortune  and  essentially  a  self-made 
man.  He  is  Ihe  son  of  Joseph  and  Bridget  Middle- 
ton,  ttte  Connors,  and  was  born  in  the  city  of  Peoria 
23nd  September,  185$.  His  mother  died  when  he  was 
about  seven  years  ol  age.     Soon  after,  he  quit  the  com- 


mon schools  and  commenced  to  earn  his  own  IiTing  by 
working  among  fanners  and  whatever  he  could  find  to 
do.  In  1874  he  came  to  Pottstown  and  engaged  to 
drive  a  coal-hauling  team,  in  which  capacity  he  con- 
tinued lor  some  time  ;  then  formed  a  partnership  with 
Frank  Stcmplin,  and  commenced  the  manufacture  o 
brick.  In  1878  Stcmplin  was  succeeded  by  George 
Potts.  In  1879  Middleton  withdrew  from  the  busi- 
ness and,  with  other  parties,  leased  a  coal  bank  from 
Samuel  Potts,  senior,  and  commenced  business  as 
above.  His  wife  I.ucy,  to  whom  he  was  married  on 
the  fourteenth  of  November,  1876.  is  the  daughter  of 
Samuel  and  Ann  Potts,  nte  Padgeter  ;  was  born  24th 
July,  185S,  They  have  one  child,  John  Henry,  who 
was  born  25th  August,  1877,  Mr.  Middleton  is  an  ad- 
vocate of  morality  and  temperance  in  all  things. 

Miles  John,  coal  miner,  P.  o.  Peoria. 
Miles  Win,  coal  miner.  P.  o.  Peoria. 

MILLEK  JOHX  F.  blacksmith,  village  of 
Kickapoo,  P.  O.  same,  was  born  in  Germany,  15th 
March,  1842.  his  parents  being  Henry  and  Catherine 
Miller,  «<•«•  Creager.  They  came  to  Ameica  when  he 
was  a  year  old,  and  settled  first  at  Pekin,  where  they 
remained  three  years ;  then  removed  to  Limestone 
township,  this  county,  John  remained  with  parents  till 
he  was  17,  then  engaged  with  Frank  Wilkenhamer, 
of  Peoria,  to  learn  the  trade  of  a  blacksmith.  When 
the  war  came  on,  he  enlisted  as  a  blacksmith  in  the 
nth  III.  Cavalry,  and  scr^•ed  four  years.  Upon  being 
discharged  he  returned  to  Peoria,  and  in  1866,  in  com- 
pany with  Frank  McCann,  commenced  a  shop  at 
Smithsville,  and  staid  two  years.  He  married  7th 
June,  1866,  with  Irene,  daughter  of  George  and  Lydia 
.\nn  Toland.  She  was  born  in  Perry  county.  Pa.,  23rd 
Feb.,  1845.  After  making  several  removals,  Mr. 
Miller  settled,  in  1S74,  in  Kickapoo,  where  he  now 
resides  and  carries  on  business.  They  have  had 
seven  children:  Stephen  F„  born  25th  March,  1867; 
William  Henry,  born  19th  May,  1868  ;  John  Adison, 
born  23rd  September,  1869,  died  l6th  .August,  1870; 
James  Otto,  born  t9th  August,  1S71,  died  l6th  August, 
1873  ;  Clara  Irene,  born  23rd  October,  1S73  ;  Charles 
Martin,  bom  I2th  January,  1875  ;  Laura,  bom  37lh 
September,  1877,  Mr.  .Miller's  father  died  iSjS,  aged 
76,  and  his  mother,  in  1S71,  aged  87. 

MILL  Kit  MOKTI.>Ii:U  M.  farmer  and 
stock-raiser.  Sec.  25,  P.  O.  Peoria.  The  subject  of 
this  sketch  is  the  son  of  Frederick  A.  and  Sarah  \. 
(C  lifton)  Miller,  anil  was  born  in  Newport,  Campbell 
county,  Ky.,  Feb.  3,  1S37.  When  about  sixteen  years 
old  he  went  to  work  in  an  oilcloth  maiiufaclor)',  and 
worked  at  that  trade  for  two  years.  He  then  spent  two 
years  at  the  trade  of  painter,  and  afterwards  joined  hit 
father  upon  a  farm  in  the  same  county,  and  remained 
there  until  1857,  when  he  came  to  Illinois  and  settled 
upon  what  is  known  as   the    Hickoiy  Grove  Farm,  ia 


KICKAPOO  DIRECTORY. 


779 


Richwoods  township.     Afterwards  came  to  Peoria  and 

worked  some  time  as  brick-mason,  and  finally  removed 

to  Kickapoo  township  and  bought  the  farm  upon  which 

he  now  resides. 

Moffatt  A.  W.  grocer,  P.O.  Peoria. 

Mohn  Fretl.  coal  operator.  P.O.  Peoria. 

Monroe  Susan,  fanner  and  coal  operator,  P.O.  Peoria. 

Monroe  ,Ias.  coal  operator,  P.O.  Peoria. 

Morath  I>.  coal  miner.  P.O.  Peoria. 

Mutter  F.  coal  hauler,  P.O.  Peoria. 

Nail  George,  coal  operator.  P.O.  Peoria. 

Nichols  \Vm.  coal  miner.  P.O.  Peoria. 

Nlltner  J.  coal  miner.  P.O.  Peoria, 

Norwood  G.  farmer.  P.O.  Peoria. 

Norden  K.  coal  miner,  P.O.  Peoria. 

Ojeman  G.  farmer,  P.O.  Peoria. 

Overmeyer  A.  farmer,  P.O.  Peoria. 

Peack  >I.  plaster,  etc..  P.O.  Peoria. 

Peuskl  John  C.  farmer,  P.O.  Peoria. 

PEPPARI)  FRANCIS,  coal  miner,  Edwards 
Station.  A  son  of  Francis  and  Bridget  Peppard,  k« 
Rale,  was  born  in  county  Longford,  near  Dublin,  Ire- 
land, 27th  September,  1S37,  and  came  to  America  with 
his  sister  Elizabeth,  in  185 1.  Halted  first  at  New 
Orleans,  then  came  to  Peoria,  where  he  remained  a 
short  time,  and  then  went  to  Logan  township,  where  he 
stayed  about  four  years,  and  then  to  Kickapoo  town- 
ship. In  the  Spring  of  1S5S,  he  went  to  the  head  waters 
of  the  Missouri  river  in  the  employ  of  the  American  Fur 
Company,  where  he  spent  that  Summer.  Four  months 
of  that  time  they  saw  neither  bread  nor  domestic  veget- 
ables of  any  kind,  but  subsisted  entirely  upon  wild 
meats,  fish,  etc.  He  returned  from  that  trip  late  in  the 
Fall,  and  on  the  12th  of  May,  1859,  married  Caroline, 
daughter  of  Henry  N.  and  Rebecca  Jones,  who  was 
bom  in  Limestone  township,  15th  November,  1843. 
They  have  had  thirteen  children,  six  of  whom  died  in 
early  infancy.  The  seven  living  children  are,  Edward, 
born  17th  October,  1863;  John,  19th  February,  1867; 
Frances,  15th  May,  1870  ;  George,  22d  February,  1872  ; 
Caroline  5th  May,  1874;  Charles,  15th  April,  1876; 
Robert  Emmett,  8th  November,  1879.  ^'^-  Peppard  is 
a  Catholic  ;  his  wife  is  a  Protestant.  Politically  he  is  a 
Democrat. 

Perry  Wm.  M.  teamster,  P.O.  Peoria. 

Peter.s  Wm.  farmer.  P.O.  Marker's  Corners. 

Peterson  Jno.  horticulturist.  P.O.  Peoria. 

Pfifer  Geo.  retired.  P.O.  Peoria. 

Pfietfer  P.  superintendent  Pfeiffer's  carriage  works.P.O.Peoria. 

PhillipsP.  gardener,  P.O.Peoria. 

POOLE  GEORGE,  laborer,  village  of  Kick- 
apoo,  P.  O.  same,  son  of  Thomas  and  Mary  Poole,  n/f 
Pritchard,  was  born  in  Tetbury,  Gloucestershire,  Eng- 
land, Feb.  6,  1825.  At  St.  Saviour's  Church,  Tetbury, 
April  28,  1S53,  he  was  married  to  Mary  Ann,  daughter 
of  Stephen  and  Ann  Smith,  who  was  born  in  Glouces- 
tershire, England,  Aug.  11,  1827.  They  came  to 
America  in  1854,  .settling  first  at  Pulaski,  N.  Y.;  re- 
mained there  two  years  and  came  to  Peoria;  lived  for 
a  time  on  the  Knoxville  road,  between  Peoria  and 
Kickapoo;  settled  in  the  village  of  Kickapoo  in  1868. 
They  have  had  three  children — Eliza  Ann,  born  Jan. 
8,  1854,  died  and  buried  at  sea  on  the  voy.-ige  to  Ameri- 
ca ;  William  Henry,  born  June   8,   1856,  and  married 


Mary  Elizabeth,  daughter  of  James  and  Elizabeth  King- 
dom, nef  Brown,  Aug.  17,  who  have  two  children, 
Elizabeth  Ann  and  Harriett.  The  parents,  George  and 
Mary  Ann  Poole,  were  baptized  in  the  Church  of  Eng- 
land. Mr.  Poole  has  never  been  naturalized  ;  his  son 
William  H.,  is  a  Democrat.  Mrs.  Wm.  H.  Poole  was 
born  in  the  village  of  Kickapoo,  July  26,  1857.  Her 
mother  died  Dec.  17,  i860,  and  her  father  on  Dec.  26, 
1878. 

Port*  L.  coal  miner,  P.O.  Peoria. 
Potholl  Theodore,  retired,  P.O.  Peoria. 

POTTS  GEORGE,  brick  maker  and  coal 
miner,  Pottstown,  P.  O.  Peoria,  is  a  son  of  Samuel  and 
Ann  Potts,  n«  Padgeter,  and  was  born  in  the  parish 
of  Foleshill,  England,  July  24,  1856,  and  came  to  what 
is  now  Pottstown  with  his  parents  in  1857.  For  the 
last  three  years  he  has  been  engaged  in  making  brick  in 
Summer  and  mining  coal  in  Winter.  He  married  Anna 
Cody,  and  has  had  by  her  two  children  —  Samuel,  born 
Feb.  2,  1877,  and  Joseph  M.,  born  Dec.  21,  1878.  Mr. 
Potts,  like  his  father,  is  an  energetic  business  man. 

POTTS  SAMUEL,  coal  operator,  Pottstown, 
was  born  in  Bredon,  Leicestershire,  England,  Dec,  24, 
1821.  Ann  Padgeter,  his  wife,  was  born  in  the  parish  of 
Foleshill,  county  Warwick,  England,  March  28,  1831. 
They  were  married  in  the  parish  of  Foleshill,  by  Rev. 
James  Harris,  Oct.  13,  1844 ;  came  to  America  in 
1S56  ;  stopped  in  the  mining  regions  of  Pennsylvania 
until  1857,  and  then  came  to  Hale's  Mill  with  eleven 
dollars  in  their  cash  box.  Mr.  Potts  was  an  experienced 
miner  and  quickly  found  employment.  From  a  com- 
mon miner,  with  no  capital  but  his  industry  and  Eng- 
lish pluck,  he  has  come  to  be  the  owner  of  some  two 
hundred  acres  of  coal  land,  and  the  employer  of  many 
men.  His  enterprise  has  developed  the  coal  interests 
at  Hale's  Mill,  and  made  the  village  at  that  point,  and 
has  been  careful  to  foster  and  encourage  every  under- 
taking that  promised  to  result  favorably  to  the  county 
and  township  of  his  home.  Politically  he  is  a  Demo- 
crat ;  has  served  as  supervisor.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Potts 
have  had  fourteen  children;  Hannah,  born  Nov.  28, 
1845,  died  Oct.  14,  1S66;  Susan,  born  Nov.  7,  1847; 
Sarah,  March  15,  1850;  Samuel  B.,  Sept.  6,  1851  ; 
Mary  Ann,  March  ig,  1853,  died  Oct.  4,  1854  ;  John, 
born  Jan.  23,  1855,  died  Feb.  22,  1855  ;  George,  born 
July  5,  1856  ;  Lucy,  "July  24,  1858  ;  John  Henry,  Feb. 
2,  1S60,  died  .Sept.  16,  1861  ;  Eveline  E.,  born  Nov. 
17,  1861 ;  Isadore  Leviney,  July  17,  1863,  died  Sept.  13, 
1864  ;  Michael,  born  March  15, 1865,  died  in  early  in- 
fancy;  Eliza  Menetta,  born  Nov.  28,  1866;  Leah, 
March  31,  i86g. 

POTTS  SAMUEL  B,  coal  operator,  Potts- 
town, P.  O.  Peoria,  is  a  son  of  Samuel  and  .\nn  Potts, 
nfi'  Padgeter,  and  was  born  in  the  parish  of  Lowe,  Eng- 
land,   Sept.    6,    1851,    and  came  to   -America  with  his 


7«0 


HISTOHY  UF  I'KOKIA  COUNTY 


parents  in  1856,  and  to  Pottstown  in  1857.  In  his 
eighth  year  he  commenced  to  drive  a  coal  team,  and 
daring  all  the  years  of  his  minority  worked  hard  at 
whatever  his  father  had  in  hand.  His  opportunities  for 
going  to  school  were  limited,  but  he  made  good  use  of 
such  advantages  as  were  offered.  On  the  15th  of  Feb. 
1870,  he  married  Leah,  daughter  of  George  and  Ann 
Randle,  net  Woodhouse,  who  was  bom  in  the  parish  of 
Foleshill,  England,  in  July,  1851,  and  came  to  Amer- 
ica in  June,  1865  ;  they  have  had  four  children  :  Sam- 
uel, bom  Aug.  25,  1871,  died  Oct.  26,  same  year ; 
George,  bora  Jan.  24,  1873  ;  Lucy  Minetta,  bom  June 
28,  1875,  'l>'<i  Ju'y  24,  following  ;  Lillie  May,  bom  May 
24,  1878.  Methodistic  predilections.  Independent 
Democrat. 

Powell  JL  M.  coroDcr,  P.O.  Peoria. 

Powell  Wm.  E.  carpcDtcr  anil  rariucr,  P.O.  Peoria. 

PKITCHAltU    JOHN,    farmer,    P.  O.    Ed- 
wards Station. 
Pye  .s.  P.  coal  miner,  P.O.  Peoria. 

RAXDLE    ABRAHAai,    farmer.  Sec    35, 

P.  O.  Peoria. 

nice  D.  tarmer.  P.O.  I'eorla. 

Kuulfii.f.  farmer,  1'.  o.l'vorla. 

Hosetibubin  11.  farmer  and  carpenter,  P.O.(Peorla. 

Kujaier  T.  i-ual  operator.  I'.o.  Puorla. 

Rutherfuril  Wm.  coal  operator,  P.O.  Peoria. 

Salter  (-'.  KarUener.  P.O.  I'eorla. 

Sargent  Jiij>.  farmer,  P.O.  I'eorla. 

Sargent  Win.  farmer,  P.O.  Peoria. 

Saur  Jt'tin,  coal  miner.  P.O.  I'eurla. 

Scliertz  P.  farmer,  P.O.  Peoria. 

Schmidt  K.  coal  hauler,  P.O.  Peoria. 

Schoebley  O.  coal  miner,  P.O.  Peoria. 

SCOFIELD  JACOB,  farmer  and  stock, 
grower,  Sec.  29,  P.  O.  Edwards  Station.  The  subject 
of  this  sketch  is  the  eldest  son  of  Samuel  and  Ann 
Scofield,  nee  Greenough,  and  was  bom  at  Heyworth, 
Lancashire,  England,  December  30,  1821,  and  was  edu- 
cated to  the  local  express  business,  which  he  followed 
until  he  immigrated  to  America.  On  the  14th  of 
January,  1842,  he  married  Miss  Mary,  daughter  of 
Thomas  and  Ellen  Lonsdale,  nee  Ilals'.ead,  who  was 
born  the  same  year  with  (^ueen  Victoria — February  7, 
1819.  They  immigrated  to  America  in  1844,  coming 
the  entire  distance  to  Peoria,  with  the  exception  of  the 
6rst  eight  miles,  by  sail  and  steam  vessels,  arriving  on 
the  14th  of  June,  In  coming  up  the  Mississippi  from 
New  Orleans  they  were  passengers  on  the  steamer 
Macedonia,  which  took  lire  just  below  Natchez  and 
burned  to  the  water's  edge,  and  from  which  the  pas- 
sengers barely  escaped  with  ihcir  lives — most  of  them 
with  nothing  but  their  night  clothes.  Scofields  lost 
nearly  all  their  luggage,  but  by  returning  to  the  burn- 
ing boat  after  he  had  once  got  to  the  shore,  Mr.  S. 
succeeded  in  securing  what  money  they  had,  which  had 
been  hidden  away  in  a  barrel  for  safe  keeping.  When 
the  Scofields  reached  their  journey's  end  they  had  $Co, 
with  which  to  commence  life.  After  a  lew  days  rest 
among   their  friends,  Mr.  Scofield  went   to  work  as  a 


common  laborer  at  $10  per  month,  one-half  cosh,  and 
one-half  store  pay.  Mrs.  S.  also  went  out  to  service  at 
$1.50  a  week,  and  worked  thus  for  two  years.  After 
two  years  of  hard  times,  they  purchased  forty  acres  of 
land,  built  a  cabin,  and  commenced  for  themselves. 
Before  the  cabin  was  finished,  they  both  fell  sick. 
Their  cabin  had  neither  doors,  windows,  fire-place  nor 
cooking-stove.  In  clear  weather  those  who  took  care 
of  them  cooked  their  food  out  of  doors ;  when  it  was 
rainy  and  bad,  a  plank  was  lifted  from  the  floor,  a  fire 
kindled  there  and  the  cooking  done  inside.  After  their 
recovery,  they  set  to  work  with  renewed  energy  and  in- 
dustry ;  and  prosperity  has  followed  them  to  the  pres- 
ent. Other  land  was  purchased  from  time  to  time  un- 
til they  now  own  360  acres,  which  is  well  improved, 
with  good  stone  residence,  etc.,  and  well  stocked.  They 
have  never  had  any  children,  but  have  adopted  and 
raised  three  to  manhood  and  womanhood,  and  recently 
adopted  a  fourth  one — Carrie  Barker,  a  bright-eyed, 
pretty  and  intelligent  orphan  of  twelve  years.  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  S.  are  members  of  the  Limestone  Episcopal 
Church.  Politically,  Mr.  Scofield  has  always  voted 
with  the  Democratic  party  since  he  was  naturalized. 

Schorr  Jos.  gardener  and  farmer.  P.  O.  Peoria. 

.sholl  \.  coal  operator.  P.  O.  Pekln. 

.Hhoup  A.  M.  fanner.  P.  O.  llarker's Corner*. 

.Shutti  V.  farmer,  P.O.  Peoria. 

Slef  Lea  M.  farmer,  p.  o.  llarker'8  Corner*. 

SLOUGH  GEORGE  W.  farmer  and  car- 
pcnter,  P.  O.  Peoria. 

SLOUGH  HENRY  CLAY,  farmer,  Sec.  13, 
P.  O.  Peoria.  Son  of  Jacob  and  Ann  Elizabeth  Slough, 
nee  Cype,  was  born  in  the  city  of  Peoria,  September 
23,  1836.  When  he  was  about  twelve  years  of  age  his 
parents  removed  to  Richwoods  township,  where  he 
grew  to  manhood.  On  the  26[h  of  July,  1S57,  be 
married  Miss  Maria,  daughter  of  Isaac  and  Abigail 
Pratt,  who  was  born  in  Peoria  county,  January  30, 
1839,  and  soon  after  removed  to  their  present  resident. 
On  the  2d  of  September,  1862,  .Mr.  Slouch  enlisted  in 
Co.  E,  77th  Illinois,  and  served  three  years  in  defense 
of  the  Union,  fourteen  months  of  which  time  was 
spent  in  the  rebel  prison  at  Camp  Worth,  Texas,  where 
he  suffered  all  the  tortures  coarse  and  scanty  rations 
could  bring,  lie  and  his  comrades  were  released  from 
that  prison  pen  on  the  17th  of  May,  1SC5;  reaching 
Springfield  about  the  3d  of  June,  and  were  allowed  to 
come  home  to  spend  the  Fourth  with  their  families  and 
friends.  They  went  back  to  Springfield  on  the  5th 
and  were  mustered  out  on  the  6th.  Since  then  Mr.  S. 
has  engaged  in  improving  his  farm  and  adding,  by 
purchase  to  its  original  acreage.  lie  now  owns  160 
acres,  valued  at  $40  an  acre.  He  is  Republican  in 
politics,  and  liberal  in  religious  belief.  They  have  had 
seven  children — Edgar  H.,  bom  September  20,  iSjS, 
died,  July,  1859  :  Maria  Louise,  born  July  II,  i860; 
Henry  Francis,  April  7,  1S63  ;  Abbie  Richmond,  May 


KICKAPOO  DIRECTORY. 


781 


14,  1866;  Ann  Elizabeth,  December  25,  1867  ;  Adelia 
Edith,  June  4,  1869 ;  Louis  Herbert,  December  13, 
1874.  Mrs.  Slough  was  raised  under  the  religious  in- 
structions of  the  M.  E.  Church. 

SLOUGH  JACOB  W.  farmer  andstockraiser, 
Sec.  13,  P.  O.  Peoria,  son  of  Jacob  and  Ann  Elizabeth 
Slough  nee  Cype,  settlers  of  1834.  Was  born  in  Harris- 
burg,  Pa.,  22d  April,  1829,  and  grew  to  manhood  in 
Peoria  Co.  In  April,  1851,  he  went  to  California, 
remaining  four  and  a  half  years,  coming  back  in  1855. 
He  married  1st  Oct.  1856,  Elizabeth  Fulton,  daughter 
ofjosiahand  Augusta  Fulton  nee  Hughes,  who  was 
born  on  the  Fulton  homestead  in  Richwoods,  14th  June 
1836.  Her  father  is  now  the  only  surviving  pioneer 
settler  of  i8ig.  Soon  after  marriage  they  settled  at 
their  present  home,  on  land  his  mother  entered  from 
Government  in  1836.  He  remained  there  about  eigh- 
teen months,  when  he  started  on  another  trip  to  Cali- 
fornia for  his  health,  and  after  an  absence  of  nine 
months  returned  in  June,  1859,  and  farmed  the  Slough 
homestead  until  iS65,  when  he  removed  to  his  own  place 
in  Sec.  13,  Kickapoo.  They  have  had  six  children, 
William,  born  igth  Nov.  1S57,  George,  12th  March, 
i860,  Mary  A.,  29th  June,  1862,  Emily  J.,  22d  May, 
1864,  Joseph  H.,  25th  March.  1866,  Nellie  C,  loth 
Dec.  186S.  Politically,  Mr.  Slough  was  a  Republican 
from  the  time  that  party  was  organized,  but  about  1878 
he  became  a  Greenbacker,  and  is  now  strong  in  that 
political  belief.  While  living  in  Richwoods  he  held 
the  offices  of  town  clerk,  collector,  school  trustee,  and 
school  director,  and  in  Kickapoo  filled  the  office  of 
assessor  for  four  years.  He  owns  160  acres  of  land  valued 
at  $30  an  acre. 

Smith  Catharine,  farmpr.  P.  O.  Peoria. 
Smith  J.  coal  miner.  P.  O.  Peoria. 

SMITH  ROSY  Mrs.  farmer.  Sec.  5,  P.  O. 
Kickapoo.  Mrs.  Smith  is  the  daughter  of  John  and 
Catharine  Kerrott  nee  Fagan,  and  .was  bom  in  county 
Down,  Ireland,  14th  October,  1813.  Her  parents  were 
farmers  and  from  her  earliest  years  she  has  been 
accustomed  to  farm  life.  On  the  14th  of  April,  1833, 
she  married  Patrick  Smith,  the  son  of  a  neighboring 
farmer,  and  the  next  day  started  to  America.  They 
first  stopped  at  Albany,  New  York,  and  after  thirteen 
months  in  that  city  went  to  Trumansburg,  Tompkins 
county,  where  Mr.  Smith  engaged  as  a  common  laborer 
for  four  years.  They  then  came  to  Illinois  and  lived  a 
few  months  in  the  service  of  Bishop  Chase  at  Jubilee 
College.  In  the  Fall  of  1838  they  came  to  the  neigh- 
borhood in  which  she  now  lives,  and  where  they  pur- 
chased their  first  home,  a  log  cabin  which  they  occupied 
seventeen  years.  Then  for  two  years  they  lived  on  a 
place  now  owned  by  Andrew  Heintz,  then  back  to  the 
old  place,  and  in  1857  occupied  the  present  residence. 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Smith  have  been   intimately  associated 


with  the  improvement  and  development  of  the  country 
around  Kickapoo.  Mr.  Smith  died  20th  January, 1861, 
at  the  age  of  fifty-one  years  and  ten  months.  Mrs.  Smith 
has  been  the  mother  of  fifteen  children,  eight  boys  and 
seven  girls,  Francis,  born  13th  April,  1835,  died  2d 
November,  1837;  Mary  born  2gth  July,  1836,  married 
William  Fox  in  1863,  died  25th  September,  1878  ;  Cath- 
arine bom  13th  March,  1838,  died  nth  October,  1839; 
Anna,  born  in  Peoria  loth  March,  1839,  married  Patrick 
Bennett  in  l86i  ;  Francis,  born  2ist  November,  1840, 
married  Miss  Margaret  Murphy,  in  September,  1866  ; 
John,  born  12th  August,  1S42,  married  Miss  Mary  Hill, 
February,  1S68  ;  Elizabeth,  born  June,  1844,  mar- 
ried William  Murphy  in  the  early  Winter  of  1863-4  i 
Catharine,  born  26th  December,  1845,  married  Richard 
Elwood,  28th  April,  1868  ;  James,  born  Sth  January, 
1847;  Edward,  born  12th  November,  1848;  Rosy, 
born  7th  April,  1850,  married  Peter  Hill,  2Sth  May, 
1876  ;  William,  born  14th  August,  1852  ;  Patrick,  born 
2d  June,  1854  ;  Margaret,  born  30th  August,  1856 ; 
Charles,  born  23d  January,  1858.  Members  of  the 
Catholic  Church.  Owns  263  acres  of  land  in  the  home 
place,  and  twenty  acres  timber  in  Sec.  16.  Total  value 
$13,380. 

SPURCK  ELIZA  AJOf,  farmer,  P.  O. 
Edwards  Station  ;  daughter  of  John  and  Patience  Van 
Horn  nee  Hanson,  was  born  in  Zanesyille,  Muskingum 
county,  Ohio,  1st  December,  1811.  On  the  2d  day  of 
June,  1831,  she  married  William  Spurck  (son  of  Peter 
and  Mary  Spurck)  a  young  merchant  of  Zanesville. 
They  came  to  Illinois  and  commenced  merchandising 
in  Peoria,  continuing  until  1855,  when  they  purchased 
the  farm  now  owned  and  occupied  by  Mrs.  Spurck. 
The  union  of  William  Spurck  and  Eliza  Ann  Van 
Horn  resulted  in  the  birth  of  seven  children  :  Mary 
L.  A.,  born  7th  November,  1833  ;  Martha,  born  12th 
November,  1836,  who  has  been  twice  married.  Her 
first  husband  was  William  R.  Swinnerton,  with  whom 
she  crossed  the  plains  to  California,  being  among  the 
first  passengers  over  the  Union  Pacific  railroad.  Mr. 
S.  died  in  California,  and  his  widow  returned  to  Kicka- 
poo, and  four  years  later  married  Judge  S.  Bailey,  of 
Macomb.  Adam,  born  25th  October,  1839,  married 
Mary  Thompson  ;  William,  born  April,  1842,  married 
Harriet  Kingsley,  August,  1869 ;  Amelia,  born  13th 
November,  1844,  married  Nathan  F.  Heard,  of  Wor- 
cester, Mass.;  John  V.,  born  l8th  of  May,  1848,  died  at 
eighteen  months  ;  Cora  P.,  bom  1st  November,  1854, 
married^  Crescens  G.  Pitt  19th  June,  1878  ;  John  L., 
born  9th  April,  1857,  died  at  the  age  of  eighteen  years 
from  injuries  received  by  being  thrown  from  a  horse 
when  he  was  five'years  of  age.  Mr.  Spurck  died  several 
years  ago.  Mrs.  Spurck  is  a  member  of  the  Presby- 
terian Church. 

STEAKS  JOHN  P.  fanner  and  stock  dealer, 


782 


HISTORY  OF  PEORIA  COOTTY. 


Sec.  32.  P.  O.  Peoria,  u  the  fourth  child  and  third  son 
of  Richard  and  Joana  Stears,  tut  Pillman,  and  was 
bom  in  Wuemworthjr,  DeTonshire,  England,  2d  Octo- 
ber, 1837,  and  was  raised  as  an  English  fanner.  His 
education  in  letters  was  confined  to  four  years  school- 
ing between  his  seventh  and  eleventh  years.  At  the 
latter  age  he  was  set  to  work  on  the  farm,  and  kept 
engaged  at  that  until  eighteen  years  of  age.  He  then 
ran  away  from  home,  and  engaged  with  a  neighboring 
farmer  at  sixty  cents  a  week  for  seven  months,  returned 
home,  and  at  the  age  of  nineteen  joined  what  was 
known  as  the  Yeoman  Cavalry.  He  served  seven 
years,  won  the  rank  of  Corporal  and  then  resigned  ; 
then  rejoined  his  father,  and  engaged  as  a  farmer  and 
cattle  dealer  until  his  family,  consisting  of  father, 
mother,  two  brothers  and  three  sisters,  came  to  America 
in  1S69,  landing  at  Peoria  on  the  Sth  of  May,  and  set- 
tling as  above.  The  father  died  on  the  19th  of  June 
following.  His  sister  Ann  died  17th  September,  1S69  ; 
the  son  \\'illiam  died  October  10,  the  same  year,  and 
the  mother  died  19th  March,  1S78.  On  the  Sth 
of  November,  1877,  he  united  in  marriage  with  Mrs. 
Angeline  H.  Manville,  ntt  Beecher.  who  was  bom  in 
Connecticut,  13th  May,  1S42.  She  was  married  to  her 
first  husband  1st  day  of  May,  1S60,  by  whom  she  had 
three  children  :  Lillian  M.  was  bom  17th  Februar)-, 
1861 ;  Eva  L..  loth  August,  1S64,  and  Minnie,  15th 
October,  I S68.  During  her  widowhood  she  was  post- 
mistress at  Summerville,  this  county,  from  1873  to 
1877.  Their  union  resulted  in  one  child,  Richard 
Henry,  who  was  bom  30lh  September,  1878.  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Stears  were  both  raised  under  the  religious  teach- 
ings of  the  Episcopal  Church,  are  reg\jlar  attendants 
of  Christ's  Church,  near  their  residence.  Mr  S.  is 
Democratic  in  politics.  He  owns  one  hundred  and 
forty  acres  of  land,  valued  at  $50  an  acre. 

STE.\R  RICHARD,  farmer  and  stock  grower. 
Sec.  32,  P.  O.  Edwards  Station,  son  of  Richard  and 
Joanna  Stear.  nee  Pillman,  was  bom  in  Devonshire, 
England.  Sept.  28,  1829,  where  he  was  bred  a  farmer. 
He  left  England  in  the  Spring  of  l8;o,  and  arrived  at 
Peoria  on  the  1st  day  of  June,  coming  directly  to  the 
neighborhood  of  his  present  home,  and  began  as  a  farm 
laborer.  He  worked  one  year  for  John  Pillman,  and 
then  started  a  breaking  team  following  thai  business  for 
two  seasons.  He  sold  his  team  and  engaged  eighteen 
months  as  a  farm  laborer  ;  then  worked  six  months  as 
a  coal  miner.  December  23,  1855,  he  married  Miss 
Elita,  daughter  of  Robert  and  Ann  Ford,  net  Western, 
who  was  bora  in  England,  Dec.  15,  1S34,  and  came  to 
America  in  the  Spring  of  1855,  landing  at  Peoria  on  the 
Sth  of  May.  For  several  years  after  marnage  they 
were  farm  tenants  in  Limestone  township.  In  1867-8, 
they  bought  eighty  acres  o(  land  where  they  now  live. 
Built  a  cabin,  which  was  their  first  home,  and  com- 


menced clearing  up  the  farm.  A  part  of  the  land  is 
coal  bearing,  and  for  two  year*,  in  the  Winter  season, 
Mr.  Siear  mined  coal  at  night  and  hauled  to  Peoria  by 
day,  as  a  means  of  living.  He  also  operated  a  thresh- 
ing machine,  and  the  first  season  had  one  of  his  feet 
crushed  in  the  cogs,  which  laid  him  up  eleven  months. 
When  su65ciently  recovered  he  resumed  his  threshing 
machine  operations  for  three  years,  and  since  then  has 
been  engaged  exclusively  in  farming  and  stock  growing. 
He  now  owns  120  acres,  valued  at  $25  an  acre.  They  have 
seven  children  —  John  W.,  bom  March  22,  1856;  Wm. 
H.,  June  I.  1858;  Thomas,  Sept.  2,  i860;  James,  Jan. 
9,  1863;  Robert,  Dec  21,  1865;  Eliza,  Feb.  26.  1872, 
and  Alice  Ann,  Dec.  16,  1875.  Politically  he  is  a 
Greenback  Democrat. 

StraMser  r.  farmer.  P.O.  P«>n». 

Str»f«jer  J.  firmer.  P  l>    Prort*. 

Stratlon  J.  Sr.  f»rmi-r.  P.O.  Peoria. 

Stratton  J.  Jr.  farmer.  P.O.  Peoria. 

Stralt*>n  .I'-seph.  farmer.  P.O.  Peoria. 

.*itr»tt"n  .1.  farmer.  P.O.  Peoria. 

Swarti  .Iri.>.  farmer.  P.O.  Peoria. 

Sworili  Wm.  farmer  aod  lime  burner.  P.  O.  Peoria. 

STRINGER  JOHN,  farmer.  Sec.  9,  P.  O. 
Kickapoo.  Is  a  native  of  Bullitt  county,  Ky.  He  was 
the  third  child  of  Reuben  and  Delila  Stringer,  ntt 
Owen,  and  was  born  on  the  3d  day  of  November,  1806. 
His  father  died  when  he  was  eight  years  of  age,  leaving 
the  family  in  humble  circumstances.  Edward  Stringer, 
the  grandfather  of  John,  with  the  concurrence  of  his 
children,  provided  in  his  will  for  the  liberation  of  the 
slaves  he  owned ;  that  those  who  were  too  young  to 
care  for  themselves  should  be  gi%-en  into  the  keeping  of 
humane  persons,  to  be  kept  until  they  were  twenty 
years  of  age,  and  then  to  go  free.  After  the  death  of 
Reuben  Stringer,  the  support  of  the  family  fell  upon 
the  widowed  mother  and  the  older  children.  John  re- 
mained at  home  with  his  mother  until  twenty-one  years 
of  age,  his  twenty-first  birthday  occurring  on  Saturday, 
Nov.  3,  1827.  Soon  after  attaining  his  majonty,  he 
went  to  Louisville,  where,  in  the  Winter  of  1827-8,  he 
drove  a  team  for  $7  per  month,  including  boarding  and 
w.-ishing.  .\t  that  time  there  was  a  good  deal  of  excite- 
ment about  the  lead  mines  of  Wisconsin  and  northwest- 
ern Illinois,  and  John  Stringer  and  John  Coyle,  who  had 
married  Stringer's  only  sister,  took  passage  on  a  steam- 
boat early  in  the  Spring  of  1828  descended  (he  Ohio 
river  to  the  Mississippi,  thence  up  the  Mississippi  and 
Fever  rivers  to  Galena.  At  Galena  a  Dr.  H  ill,  of  Coss- 
ville.  Wis.,  placed  the  hull  of  a  keel-boat  at  their  dis- 
posal, and  the  rest  of  the  journey  to  Cossville  was  made 
in  that  frail  craft.  They  remained  at  Dodgeville  and 
vicin-ty  until  the  beginning  of  July  of  the  next  year, 
but  did  not  do  more  than  make  a  living,  and  concluded 
to  abandon  the  mining  region,  and  to  try  their  luck 
somewhere  else.  They  loaded  their  household  effects 
on  a  two-horse  wagon,  and,  without  any  definite  point 
in  view,  journeyed  southeast,  and  reached  the  present 


KICKA.POO   DTBECTORY. 


783 


site  of  Mossville  on  the  15th  of  July,  1829.  where  they 
halted.     At  that   time  Mr.  Stringer's  possessions  con- 
sisted of  a  wardrobe  he  could  carry  in  a  handkerchief, 
an  ax,  and  an  iron  wedge.     In  the  Winter  of  1829-30, 
he  "  squatted"  on  the  southwest  quarter  of  Sec.  34.  in 
what  is  now  Medina  township,  and  commenced  to  make 
farm   improvements.      That   Winter  he   cleared    and 
fenced  twelve  acres,  which   he  plowed  and  planted  to 
com  in  the  Spring  of  1830.     He  made  a  good  crop,  and 
there  has  never  been  a  season  since  that  he  has  not  had 
com  to  sell  from  that  farm.     By  the  time  the  land  was 
ready  for  sale,  he  had  made  and  saved  enough  to  pay 
for  the  land,  which  still  remains  in  his  ownership.     In 
1832,  the  Black  Hawk  war  came  on,  and  he  was  one  of 
the  seventy-five  men  in  the  county  liable  to  military 
duty,  and  was  elected  corporal   in  Capt.  Ead's  Peoria 
company,  and  was  one  of  the  last  men  to  leave  the  field 
of  Stillman's  disastrous  defeat  at  Stillman's  Run.     He 
still  has  in  his  possession  the  rifle  he  carried  in  that 
campaign.     On    the   27th  of  June,  1837,  he  united  in 
marriage  with    Miss   Elizabeth,  daughter  of  Zed   and 
Elizabeth  Harris  of  Bullitt  county,  Ky.,  where  she  was 
born  on  the  17th  of  June.  1S18.     They  remained  at  the 
Mossville  farm  until  the  6th   day  of  March,  1846,  then 
removed  to  the  farm  they  now  occupy.     Neither  Mr. 
nor   Mrs.  S.  has  ever   been   inside  of  a  railroad  car. 
He    has    never    been     sued    at    law,    nor   his    taxes 
ever    become    delinquent.     The  spirit    of    Kentucky 
hospitality     and      generosity     is     ever     present     in 
Mr.     Stringer's     home.      He      commenced     in     the 
world   with    nothing ;    but    his    industry    and    econ- 
omy has  rewarded  his  old  age  with  competence.    Their 
marital  union   was  honored  with  five  children:  Nancy 
Ann,  bom  24th  August,  1S39,  married  Christian  Keener, 
25th  March,  1S58,  died  7th  April,  1S77  ;  John  H.,  bom 
31st  February.  1843,  married  Miss  Anna  M.  Grundy^ 
25th  December,i865,  diedfrom  the  eCfects  of  an  accident- 
al gunshot  wound,  4th  March,  1866  ;  Eveline,  born  21st 
Febmary,  1845,  died   15th  September,   1S54;  Thomas 
F.,  bom  20th  April,   1847;  Mary  E.,  bom  12th  May, 
1852.     Mr.  Stringer  was  raised  under  the  influences   of 
the  M.  E.  Church,  but  neither  himself  or  wife  are  mem- 
bers of  any  religious  society.      Politically,  Mr.  S.  has 
always  adhered  to  the  Democratic  party.     Besides  the 
Mossville  farm,  of  175  acres,  valued  at  $40  an  acre,  he 
owns  2go  other  acres,  including  the  home  place,  valued 
at  $50  an  acre. 

STRIXGEK  THOMAS  F.  farmer.  Sec.  9,  P. 
O.  Kickapoo,  son  of  John  and  Elizabeth  Stringer,  nee 
Harris,  was  born  at  the  present  Stringer  homestead, 
20th  April,  1847.  His  education  was  received  at  the 
common  district  school  and  plow  handle.  He  is  un- 
married and  devotes  his  time  and  industry  to  the  farm 
and  care  and  comfort  of  his  parents.  He  has  been 
called   to   fill  several  positions  of   local  trast  and  re- 


sponsibility,  in  all  of  which  he  earned  the  meed  of 
"well  done  thou  good  and  faithful  sen-ant."  He 
visited  the  Pacific  Slope  in  the  early  part  of  1875,  and 
during  the  visit  acquired  a  fund  of  information  respect- 
ing the  country  "  beyond  the  Mississippi  "  and  the 
Rocky  Mountains  that  is  invaluable.  In  every  par- 
ticular the  subject  of  this  brief  sketch  is  a  prototype  of 
his  honored  father — an  honest  man. 

THAYER  A.  W.  telegraph  operator,  rail- 
road and  express  agent,  Edwards  Station,  is  the  second 
son  of  William  T.  and  Susan  Thayer,  nee  Gear.  He 
was  bom  at  Marshall,  Highland  county,  Ohio,  24th 
May.  1841.  When  he  was  about  fifteen  years  of  age, 
his  parents  removed  to  Powesheik  county,  Iowa,  and 
settled  on  a  farm  three  years  ;  then  removed  to  Can- 
ton, Missouri,  where  he  entered  the  ofEce  of  the  Re- 
porter newspaper  of  that  city,  as  apprentice.  When 
the  war  of  the  rebellion  came  on  the  Reporter  and  its 
management  became  of  ill-repute,  and  he  quit  the 
office  to  seek  employment  elsewhere ;  worked  for  a 
time  in  the  office  of  the  Quincy  Herald,  then  until 
1S65,  in  various  other  offices  as  a  journeyman  printer. 
In  the  Fall  and  Winter  of  1S64-5.  he  secured  a  "case" 
in  Macomb,  where,  on  the  26th  of  January.  1865,  he 
married  Miss  Martha  Walker,  who  was  bom  in  that 
citj'  Sth  March,  1845.  Her  parents.  John  D.  and  Jane 
Walker,  nee  Sample,  were  among  the  first  settlers  at 
Macomb.  They  remained  at  Macomb  till  1870,  part 
of  the  time  working  as  a  printer,  and  part  as  a  farmer ; 
then  removed  to  Bardolff,  where  he  engaged  as  switch- 
man, and  learning  telegraphy.  In  Febmary,  1S72,  he 
was  badly  crushed  between  two  cars,  from  the  effects  of 
which  he  will  never  fully  recover.  In  October,  1873, 
he  had  so  far  recovered  as  to  be  able  to  resume  tele- 
graphing and  other  office  work,  and  was  assigned  to 
the  agency  at  Edwards  Station.  They  have  had  four 
children,  two  living :  Willie  W.,  who  is  learning  tele- 
graphy, was  bom  27th  January,  1866,  and  Charles  Al- 
bert, bom  26th  March,  1S69.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Thayer 
are  members  of  the  M.  E.  Church.  He  is  a  Republi- 
can. His  father,  eighty  years  of  age,  and  his  mother, 
seventy  years  of  age,  are  members  of  his  family. 

Thomas  K.  coal  miner.  P.  O.  Peoria. 
Thorman  P.  coal  miner.  P.  O.  Peoria. 
Thome  ,Tno.  farmer.  P.  O.  Peoria. 
Thornton  .John,  coal  miner.  P.  O.  Peoria. 
Thorp  G.  f.irmer.  non-resident,  P.  O.  unknown. 
Tre-isiire  w.  conl  operator.  P.  O.  Peoria. 
Tripe  .Tno,  farmer.  P.  O.  Peoria, 
ririch  Valentine.  '>aiilcer.  P.  O.  Peoria. 
Uphoff  B.  farmer.  P.  O.  Peorl.a. 
Van  Patten  G.  farmer.  P.  O.  Barker's  Comers. 
Van  Patten  J.  farmer.  P.  O.  Barker's  Comers. 

VARDEX  P.\TRICK,  farmer.  Sec.  19,  P.  O. 
Edwards  Station.  Mr.  Varden  and  wife  were  bom  in 
Ireland.  He  came  to  .America  in  1S50.  and  engaged 
as  a  railroad  laborer.  March  25.  1852,  he  married 
Judith  Carroll,  and  began  life  with  less  than  fifty 
dollars.     They  first  kept  house  in  what  had  been   a 


784 


HISTORY  OF  PEORIA  COCNTY. 


railroad  boarding  shanty,  and  Mrs.  Varden  said,  "It 
seemed  a  palace,  for  it  was  our  first  home."  For  six 
years  he  worked  on  the  railroad,  or  at  whatever  he 
could  find  to  do,  and  in  1858  settled  as  above,  having 
bought  it  in  1857.  Their  united  industry  and  economy 
has  secured  them  a  good  home,  and  all  the  comforts  of 
life.  They  are  members  of  the  Catholic  Church,  and 
Democratic  in  political  faith.  Their  land  is  valued  at 
$50  an  acre. 

VICARY  HENRY,  farmer  and  coal  miner, 
Pottstown,  P.  O.  Peoria.  Son  of  Henry  and  Ann 
Vicary. ««  Gipps,  wxs  bom  at  Cornwall,  England,  May 
23-  '833.  He  was  educated  as  a  wool-comber,  and  in 
1851  he  came  to  America  and  settled  in  Delaware 
county,  Penn. ;  in  1864  he  came  to  this  township  and 
settled  on  what  is  known  as  Jones'  Prairie,  engaging  as 
a  farmer  and  lime-burner  two  years.  In  1866  removed 
to  Pottstown  and  engaged  in  present  business.  July 
3,  1857,  he  married  Elizabeth,  daughter  of  John  and 
Alice  Lonsdale,  who  was  born  in  Lancashire,  England, 
August  29,  1839.  They  have  had  nine  children  — 
Alice  Ann,  born  in  Delaware  county.  Pa.,  November  iS, 
1859,  married  Jacob  Waits,  December  25,  1877;  John, 
born  January  20,  1862;  George  Washington,  bom 
February  22,  1864  ;  Ellen,  born  June  30,  1866  ;  Mary, 
born  July  5,  1868;  James,  born  January  2,  1871,  died 
in  infancy;  Henry,  born  August  28,  1873;  William, 
born  March  7,  1876;  James  Everett,  bom  August  17, 
1879.  ^If-  ""d  Mrs.  Vicary  are  adherents  of  the  Church 
of  England.  Politically  Mr.  Vicary  is  a  Republican. 
He  owns  eighty-nine  acres  of  land,  a  part  of  which  is 
coal  bearing,  and  a  hotel  property,  the  aggregate  value 
of  which  is  $10,000. 

VORHEES  JOSEPH,  farmer,  Sec.  6,  P.  O. 
Kickapoo.  Garrett  Vorhees,  the  father  o(  the  subject 
of  this  sketch,  was  bom  in  Somerset  county,  N.  J.,  on 
the  glh  day  of  June,  1763  ;  served  in  the  closing  years 
of  the  revolutionary  war.  About  171^,  he  married 
Miss  Parscll,  and  in  1791,  immigrated  to  the  West  and 
settled  in  Columbia,  Hamilton  county,  O.  (Cincinnati 
at  that  time  consisting  of  but  a  few  cabins,  and  was 
called  Fort  Washington),  and  lived  there  in  a  station 
two  years,  engaged  as  a  teamster  for  General  Wayne's 
army.  In  1794  moved  to  the  land  which  he  occupied 
at  the  time  of  his  death,  Dec.  14,  i86t,  in  the  ninety- 
ninth  year  of  his  age.  He  had  nine  children  by  his  first 
wife,  and  after  her  death  he  married  a  Miss  Jerusha, 
daughter  of  Charles  Kugg,  who  was  born  on  Long 
Island.  The  issue  of  this  marriage  was  three  children 
—  Joseph,  Garrett  ami  Harvey.  Joseph  was  born  Feb. 
25,  1815,  and  was  raised  and  educatc<l  ne.ir  Kcading, 
Hamilton  county,  C,  on  the  farm  where  his  father  died. 
In  the  Fall  of  1839  he  came  to  Peoria  county,  and  in 
the  latter  part  of  that  Winter  purchased  the  farm  on 
which  he  now  lives.     On  the  loth  of  March,    1840,  he 


married  Miss  Sarah,  daughter  of  Minney  and  Sarah 
Rynear&on,  net  Carroll,  who  was  born  near  the  old  vil- 
lage of  Scipio,  Franklin  county,  Ind.,  August  19,  1623. 
In  1834,  she  came  with  her  parents  to  the  present  site 
of  Mossville,  remaining  there  three  years,  and  then  re- 
moved to  Rosefield  township.  After  their  marriage 
they  spent  about  eighteen  months  in  Ohio,  then  returned 
to  the  home  they  now  occupy.  They  have  had  twelve 
children  —  Garrett  H.,  born  Jan.  3,  1841,  roamed 
April  II,  1865,  Miss  Emily  Cook,  who  was  bom  in 
Devonshire,  England,  Aug.  28,  1843;  John  R.,  bom 
March  23,  1843,  died  Feb.  23,  1845:  Jerusha  A.,  bora 
Sept.  24,  1845,  died  March  24,  1847;  Laura  Ann,  bom 
July  I,  1848,  died  March  9,  1849;  William  M..  bom 
July  II,  i8;i;  Algenan  S.,  born  Jan.  28,  1854,  died 
Sept.  7,  1S56;  Martha  .\nn,  born  May  20,  1856,  died 
Oct.  16.  1858;  Elizabeth,  born  Sept.  30.  1858,  died 
Nov.  20,  following;  Joseph  E.,  bom  Nov.  5,  1S59, died 
April  4,  1S60;  Mariah  H.,  born  Jan  20,  1862,  died 
March  4  following ;  Charles  E.,  bom  March  8,  1863, 
died  Aug.  17  of  the  same  year;  Joseph  M.,  bora 
March  29.  1868.  Mr.  V.  is  an  adherent  of  the  Presby- 
terian Church;  Mrs.  V.  of  the  Methodist  Church. 
Politics,  Greenback.  He  owns 470  acres  of  land,  val- 
ued at  $40  an  acre.  Mrs.  V.  owns  eighty  acres  in  her 
own  right,  valued  at  $50  an  acre. 

Wakerly  A.  fanner,  P.O.  IVorla. 
\V»lkiT  Wtn.  farniiT.  P.l).  I'f<irl«. 
\V.aHiT  .s.  fariuiT.  P.  O.  llarkiT's  (°om«rt. 
Walters  Jacut>,  rariner.  1*.0.  Peoria. 
Ward  .las.  farmer.  P.O.  Peoria. 
Ward  P.  farmer.  P.O.  Peoria. 

WAN'TLIXG  ISAAC,  coal  operator,  Edwards 
Station. 
Weers  W.  farmer.  P.O.  Peoria. 

WELLS  JACOB  H,  retired,  P.  O.  Kickapoo, 
son  of  Thomas  and  Judith  Wells,  net  Colby,  was  bom 
in  Newchester,  now  Hill,  New  Hampshire,  June  3, 
iSll.  He  comes  of  a  long  lived  race,  his  father  living 
to  past  eighty  years.  In  1824  he  removed  to  West 
Randolph,  Vt.,  and  while  there  worked  out  among  the 
farmers  until  1834,  when,  for  two  years,  he  drove  a  six- 
horse  team,  freighting  from  Vermont  to  Boston  and 
back.  April  3,  1836,  he  was  married  to  Susan  L.  Con- 
nor, of  Andover,  N.  H.  In  1S38  he  removed  to  Illi- 
nois,  settling  in  that  year  in  what  is  now  Rosefield 
township,  Peoria  county,  and  is  therefore  one  of  the 
oldest  settlers  in  the  county.  He  has  had  three  chil- 
dren, two  girls  and  a  boy  —  Susan  Christina,  born  Oct. 

9,  1842,  died  Oct.  18,  1843;    Jacob    Baxter,  born  June 

10,  1845,  now  in  the  railroad  ticket  office  at  Kansas 
City  ;  Emma  Medora.  born  .\pril  12,  1847,  died  Oct. 
20,  1S72.  His  wife.  Susan  1...  died  Feb.  II.  1 849.  She 
taught  the  first  school  ever  taught  in  Rosefield  town- 
ship,  in  the  Benj.  Miller  neighborhood,  in  the  Winter 
of  1842-3.  After  the  dejth  of  his  first  wife,  Mr.  Weill 
removed  to  Kickapoo  township,   March  29,   1866,  and 


KICKAPOO  DIRECTORY. 


785 


was  married  to  Jane  R.  Dawson,  formerly  McClandish, 
who  died  Aug.  27,  1S77.  While  he  lived  in  Rosefield 
he  filled  the  office  of  constable,  and  was  elected  to  the 
same  office  in  Kickapoo.  He  has  also  filled  the  office 
of  town  supervisor  two  years  and  a  half,  six  months  by 
appointment  and  two  years  by  election.  Since  i86qhehas 
filled  the  office  of  town  clerk.  In  politicsheisaGreen- 
backer.  Mr.  Wells  is  a  noble  representative  of  a  class 
of  mem  fast  fading  out.  He  was  honest,  trustworthy, 
and  possessed  the  confidence  of  his  immediate  fellow 
citizens,  always  holding  some  office  of  tru.st  and  re- 
sponsibility. 

West  R.  coal  miner,  P.  O.  Peoria. 
West  \Vm.  farmer,  P.  O.  Peorl.-*. 
Whitlon  S.  R.  Jarnier.  P.  O.  Peoria. 
Wilson  Walter,  coal  miner.  P.  O.  Peoria. 
Winters  C.  farmer,  P.  O.  Peoria. 
Wlthelm  J.  coal  miner,  P.  O.  Peoria. 

WHITTEMORE  DANIEL,  farmer,  Sec. 
23,  P.  O.  Peoria  ;  son  of  Daniel  and  Sarah  Whittemore, 
nte  Corgin,  was  bom  at  Thomson,  Windham  county. 
Conn.,  October  5,  1815,  where  he  grew  to  manhood 
with  such  educational  advantages  as  the  country  and 
the  times  afforded.  After  he  was  twenty-one  years  of 
age,  he  served  three  years  at  the  trade  of  shoemaker; 
and  on  May  2,  1S41,  he  married  Betsy,  daughter  of  Job 
and  Betsy  Irish,  >iee  O'Brien,  who  was  born  at  Goshen, 
Conn.,  September  7,  1814.  In  May,  1848,  they  came 
to  Illinois,  and  settled  on  section  11,  this  township; 
two  and  a  half  years  later,  removed  to  section  23.  In 
1854,  in  consequence  of  bad  health,  he  sold  out,  took  a 
tour  through  Iowa  and  Wisconsin,  returned  and  pur- 
chased his  present  farm,  and  settled  down  to  the  hard 
work  of  clearing  up  another  farm.  He  has  had  four 
children  ;  Nancy  Jane,  born  February  5,  1842,  married 
Frederick  Winkler,  July  20,  i860';  Daniel  Eugene, 
born  August  2,  1S46,  died  April  iS,  1848;  Delancy, 
born  August  12,  1S48  ;  Sarah  Lugene,  born  December 
6,  1851,  married  George  H.  Peterson,  December  6, 
1877.  Mrs.  Whittemore  died  July  15,  1873.  Mr. 
Whittemore  devoted  several  years  to  the  study  of 
botany,  adopting  Gray's  manual  as  his  text  book,  and 
has  become  familiar  with  all  flora  native  to  the  town- 
ship. The  Whittemore  estate  consists  of  100  acres, 
valued  at  $35  an  acre.  Protestant  in  religion.  Inde- 
pendent  Republican. 

WILKINSON  J.  H,  M.  D.,  Edwards  Station, 
is  3  son  of  Joseph  and  Eliza  Wilkinson,  net  Harlon, 
and  was  born  in  Warren  county,  Ohio,  July  20,  1823. 
In  1828,  his  parents  removed  to  Indiana  and  settled  in 
Parke  county,  where  he  worked  on  his  father's  farm 
until  his  sixteenth  year,  at  which  time  he  entered  In- 
diana Asbury  University  at  Greencastle,  where  he 
spent  five  years  teaching  .school  at  intervals  as  a  means 
of  support.  Soon  after  passing  his  twenty-first  birth- 
day, he  commenced  the  study  of  medicine  with  Drs. 
Allen  and  Weaver,  at  RockviUe,  in  Parke  county  ;    at- 


tended lectures  at  the  Louisville  Medical  College  and 
graduated  in  three  years.  In  1848,  he  came  to  Kicka- 
poo village  and  commenced  practice,  which  he  success- 
fully prosecuted  for  thirty  years,  when  he  retired  to 
take  general  management  and  oversight  of  his  farms, 
coal  mines  and  store  at  Edwards  Station.  He  owns 
about  one  thousand  acres  oi  valuable  farm  and  coal 
land,  the  average  value  of  which  is  about  $75  P^f  acre. 
He  married  Miss  Isadore  E.  Edwards,  daughter  of 
Thomas  and  Elenor  Edwards,  nee  Scott,  who  was  bom 
in  Hampshire  county,  Virginia,  May  19,  1829.  Her 
parents  came  to  what  is  now  Rosefield  township  in  the 
Spring  of  1S35.  Dr.  and  Mrs.  Wilkinson  have  no 
children.  They  are  members  of  the  M.  E.  Church  and 
active  Sabbath  school  and  temperance  workers.  Poli- 
tically, he  is  a  Republican. 

Wolfslag  J.  farmer.  P.  O.  Peoria. 
Wooland  E.  coal  operator.  P.  O.  Peoria. 

ZERWEKH  FAMILY,  farmers,  Sec.  22,  P. 
O.  Peoria.  The  mother  of  this  respected  family  is 
Rosina,  daughter  of  Moritz  and  Dorothea  Steinle,  nee 
Wunsch,  and  was  born  at  Unterturkheim,Wurtemberg, 
Germany,  23d  February,  1823,  and  on  the  20th  day  of 
July,  I S43,  was  married  to  John  Jacob,  son  of  George 
and  Christina  Zerwekh,  nee  'Diener,  who  was  bom  in 
the  same  town  2Sth  April,  1820.  This  marriage  united 
two  of  the  first  families  of  their  native  town,  the  por- 
traits of  their  immediate  ancestors  being  accorded  a 
place  in  the  royal  art  gallery.  Mr.  Zerwekh  was  a 
vine-yardist  and  co-owner  of  a  cement  quarry.  In  the 
Winter  of  1S52-3  he  disposed  of  his  interest  in  Ger- 
many, and  immigrated  to  America,  arriving  at  Ha- 
gerstown,  Maryland,  on  the  nth  day  of  April,  1853, 
where  they  remained  a  year ;  then  came  to  Peoria 
county  and  purchased  a  home  in  Sec.  23,  this  township, 
which  they  occupied  until  1874.  They  had  some 
means,  which,  with  economy  and  industry,  enabled 
them  to  secure  a  good  and  comfortable  home.  In 
the  Fall  of  1864,  Mr.  Zerwekh  was  drafted  into  the 
army,  and  on  the  2Sth  of  November  bade  his  family 
good-bye,  and  joined  the  regiment.  He  was  taken  sick 
soon  after  he  reached  Chattanooga,  Tenn.,  and'died  in 
hospital  at  that  place,  25th  January,  1865.  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Zerwekh  had  eleven  children  that  grew  to  man- 
hood and  womanhood,  and  one  that  died  in  early 
infancy  :  Jacob  G.,  born  i8th  February,  1S44  ,married 
Mariah  Whiting,  20th  October,  1871  ;  Rosina  D.,  bora 
29th  November,  1846;  John,  nth  April,  1848,  married 
Mary  Whiting,  29th  November,  1874;  Christian  F., 
born  6th  September,  1849,  died  from  injuries  received 
by  a  kick  from  a  horse,  24th  September,  1S67  ;  Wilhel- 
mina  J.,  born  i8th  December.  1850,  married  Michael 
Bauer,  3d  December,  1874.  (Mr.  Bauer  died  in 
Wichita  county,  Kansas,  from  peison  administered  by 
a  man  named  Conway,  31st    December,  1879.)     Chris- 


786 


niSTORY  OF  PEORIA  COUNTY. 


tiana  I).,  born  30th  March,  1852,  married  Charles  Bus- 
chow,  i8th  February,  1878  ;  William,  bom  24th  March, 
1854;  Henry,  born  9th  January,  1856  ;  August,  bom  1st 
May,  1858,  and  Carl,  bom  9th  May,  1863.  On  the  14th 
of  December,  1865,  Mrs.  Zerwelch  re-married  with 
George  Henry  Graze,  by  whom  she  had  one  child. 
Christian  F.,  who  was  bom  28th  March,  1869.  In 
March,  1874,  the  family  removed  from  the  old  home 
place  on  Sec.  23  to  their  present   residence,  where  .Mr. 


Grare,  the  second  husband,  died  24th  March,  1875. 
On  the  28th  of  April,  1873,  Mrs.  Z.  left  Peoria  to  visit 
her  old  father  and  old  home  in  Germany,  her  father 
then  being  eighty-three  years  of  age.  Her  father  died 
in  1879,  »ged  eighty-eight  years.  Mrs.  Z.  owns  one 
hundred  and  sixty  acres  of  land,  valued  at  $35  per  acre. 
Th«  family  are  adherents  of  the  German  Lutheran 
Church. 


LIMESTONE    TOWNSHIP. 


Atiflf  P.  sboemaker,  P.  O.  KIrkapoo. 

AWL  CHARLES  S.  farmer.  Sec.  5,  P.O.  Peo- 
ria, was  born  in  Northumberland  county,  Penn.,  ist 
Aug.,  1808.  his  parents  being  Samuel  and  Mary  Awl, 
net  McClay.  At  the  age  of  seventeen,  he  was  appren- 
ticed for  three  years  to  the  trade  of  a  hatter,  at  the  ex- 
piration of  which  he  traveled  several  years  as  a  journey- 
man. The  1st  Nov.,  1832,  he  married  Lucy,  daughter 
of  Stephen  Duncan,  born  in  Lycoming  county,  Penn., 
5th  Sept.,  18 12.  In  1833  they  came  to  Peoria  and  re- 
mained two  years  and  a  half.  On  the  Ist  Aug.,  1836, 
moved  to  a  tract  of  land  he  had  entered  of  government, 
in  Sec.  22,  and  in  1845,  located  on  his  present  farm. 
He  was  among  the  first  settlers  in  this  township,  and 
attended  the  first  school  meeting  ever  held,  and  has 
been  prominently  identified  with  the  affairs  of  the  town- 
ship since.  He  served  as  constable  two  years  and  a 
half,  and  filled  the  office  of  justice  of  the  peace  for 
twenty  years,  besides  filling  other  local  offices.  He  has 
had  nine  children  :  Ann  Ellen,  born  24th  Aug.,  1833, 
married  to  Thomas  Bohanan  ;  Lucy  D.,  i6th  Feb.  1835, 
married  Wra.  H.  Bohanan  ;  George  Washington,  2gth 
May,  1837,  married  Eliza  Elliott  ;  Martha  Jane.  24th 
July.  1839.  married  George  Andrews ;  Mary  McClay. 
1st  — .  1841.  died  22d  Dec,  1858  ;  Harriet  Louisa, 
23d  Oct,,  1843,  married  James  Nicholas  ;  Charles  Sam- 
uel, 31st  Jan.,  1845  ;  William  McClay,  i6th  March, 1847; 
Robert  Harris,  27th  Dec.  1S53,  married  Lucinda  Jones. 
Mr.  Awl  is  a  Democrat,  and  in  religion  a  Free  Thinker. 

Atwowl  W.  farmer.  P.'O.  IVorla. 
Mally  Ann,  farmer,  1*.  O.  Klcknpoo. 

BALL  KDWAlin,  coal  operator.  Sec.  26,  P. 
O.  Peoria,  is  a  son  of  Samuel  and  Sarah  Ball,  nte  Kare, 
and  was  born  in  Mercer  county,  Penn.,  8th  Aug.,  1850, 
and  came  with  his  parents  to  Peoria  county  when  he 
was  two  years  old,  and  has  ever  since  lived  in  the 
neighborhood  of  his  present  home.  January  27,  1874, 
he  married  Colona  .Anderson,  daughter  of  Colbert  and 
Juliet  Anderson,  M^c  Trial,  who  was  born  May  3l.»t, 
1855.  They  have  three  children  :  Isola,  Sarah  L.  and 
Samuel. 


BAUXBUOOK 

Peoria. 


IS.VLVH,     miner,    P.    O. 


Batt  C.  W.  farmer,  P.  O.  Peoria. 

B.VRTON  WM.  C.  H.  farmer  and  distiller. 
Sec.  25,  P.  O.  Peoria.  Is  a  son  of  Vincent  and  Mary 
Ann  Barton,  tue  Wright,  and  was  born  in  Licking 
county,  O.,  I4lh  May,  1818.  His  parents  came  to  Illi- 
nois,  and  arrived  at  Farm  creek  on  the  evening  of 
Dec.  24,  1825.  His  father  was  a  millwright,  and  came 
to  build  the  Hamlin  mill.  In  1830.  the  elder  Barton 
and  D.  Matthews  secured  a  charter  for  a  ferr)-  at  the 
Narrows,  when  the  Barton  family  removed  to  the  Peoria 
side  of  the  river.  In  1832,  removed  on  the  farm  now 
occupied  by  Vincent  Miller.  In  December,  1834,  the 
father  died,  after  which  William  began  life  on  his  own 
account,  working  wherever  he  could  find  employment. 
In  183S,  he  engaged  in  .\iken's  sawmill,  since  when  he 
has  been  nearly  always  connected  with  milling  inter- 
ests. His  home  farm  was  made  from  a  dense  forest, 
2S0  to  300  acres  of  which  is  now  as  clean  and  smooth 
as  a  virgin  prairie.  In  the  Fall  of  1878,  he  bought  an 
interest  in  the  Kickapoo  sour-mash  distillery.  The 
establishment  was  re-modeled,  re-fitted,  and  success- 
fully run  until  an  explosion  of  the  steam  boilers,  in  the 
latter  part  of  February.  1880.  rendered  it  a  complete 
wreck,  and  involved  a  financial  loss  of  several  thousand 
dollars.  Politically,  Mr.  B.  is  a  Republican.  He  has 
served  three  terms  as  su(>ervisor  from  his  township. 
On  June  9.  1S50,  he  married  .\nn,  daughter  of  Isaac 
and  Catharine  Rickets,  nt(  Mounts,  who  was  bom  near 
Rising  Sun,  Ind.,  19th  June,  1834.  They  have  had  five 
children,  John  T.,  born  April,  1852,  died  at  five  weeks  ; 
Henry  S.,  bom  19th  November,  1853,  married  Mary 
Jane  Bickerlon,  of  Arkansas.  3ISI  December.  1S79  ; 
Nancy  Jane,  horn  14th  October,  1857,  married  Samuel 
Brewer,  28th  March,  1S77  ;  Alice,  born  20lh  March, 
iStJO.  died  20th  December,  same  year  ;  William  Warren, 
born  3ISI  December,  1864.  Mr.  Barton  owns  about 
1,000  acres  of  land,  valued  at  $50  an  acre.  While 
the  Barton  family  lived  on   the   Miller  place,  as  men- 


LIMESTONE  DIRECTORY. 


787 


tioned  above,  one  of  the  younger  brothers,  aged  about 
five  years,  strayed  away  from  home  one  day,  became 
lost,  and  perished  in  the  woods.  It  was  several  days 
before  his  body  was  found. 

Becker  A.  saloon.  P.  O.  Kickapoo. 

Behrnes  M.  II.  Mrs.  retired.  P.  O.  Kickapoo. 

Bemluau  P.  farmer  and  merchant,  P.  O.  Kickapoo. 

BENSON    JOHN    Rev.     rector     Limestone 

Episcopal  Church,  Sec.  5,  P.  O.  Peoria.     Is  a  native  of 

England,  and  came  to  Peoria  county  and  the  immediate 

vicinity  of  his  present  residence,  in  1834. 

Best  P.  farmer,  P.  O.  Kickapoo. 

Bishop  Hetirv.  farmer,  P.  O.  Peori<a. 

Bocklns  ,Iaro!i.  farmer.  P.  O.  Edwards  Station. 

Bone  Jolin  Q.  clerk  recorder's  office,  P.  O.  Peoria. 

Bortz  P.  farmer.  P.  O.  Peoria. 

Brady  John  Mrs.  farmer.  P.  O.  Peoria. 

Brooks  "W.  J.  farmer.  P.  O.  Kickapoo. 

Brown  .1.  mail  contractor  and  farmer,  P.  O.  Kickapoo. 

Bontz  Phil,  farmer.  P.  o.  Peoria. 

Buliard  R.  G.  H.  farmer  and  constahle,  P.  O.  Peoria. 

Campbell  Ellzaljeth.  farmer,  P.  O.  Edwards  Station. 

Carrigan  Ann.  farmer,  P.  O.  Kickapoo. 

Carter  G.  W.  coiistal)Ie,  P.  O.  Kickapoo. 

Cashin  \Vm.  carpenter.  P.  O.  Ki'  kanoo. 

Chambers  John,  farmer.  P.  O.  Peoria. 

Christain  Valentine,  farmer,  P.  O.  Kickapoo. 

Coats  R.  laltorer.  P.  O.  Kickapoo. 

Cochran  Josepli,  farmer.  P.  O.  Peoria. 

Cochran  R.  farmer.  P.  O.  Peoria. 

COLLIER     JOSEPH,     coal  miner.  Sec.  25, 

P.  O.  Peoria. 

Conner  C.  butcher.  P.  O.  Kickapoo. 
Clancy  E.  farmer  and  miner.  P.  O.  Peoria. 
DIckenshide  L.  retired,  P.  O.  Kickapoo. 
Dlmon  Samnel.  farmer,  P.  O.  Peoria. 
Dombough  J.  carpenter.  P.  O.  Kickapoo. 
Dory  M.  farmer,  P.  O.  Peoria. 
Duriseth  ,1.  c.  mason.  P.  O.  Kickapoo. 
Esple  Manila,  farmer,  P.  O.  Peoria. 

FASH  CHARLES,  blacksmith  and  farmer, 
Sec.  2,  P.  O.  Peoria,  was  born  in  the  city  of  New 
York,  June  10,  182S.  His  parents,  Daniel  and  Phoebe 
Fash  nte  Campbell  came  to  Illinois  in  1S35.  Their 
objective  point  was  the  neighborhood  of  Farmington, 
in  the  Harkness  settlement.  At  that  time  there  was 
neither  Indian  trail  nor  road  to  guide  them,  and  the 
country  was  an  almost  undisturbed  wild.  In  1850 
they  removed  to  Sec.  2,  this  township,  after  which 
Charles  Fash  served  three  years  at  the  trade  of  black- 
smith with  Richard  Heaton,  in  Peoria.  November  19, 
1849,  he  married  Frances  Jane,  daughter  of  J.  W.  and 
Abigail  Smith  nee  Bixler,  who  was  born  in  Ohio,  May 
9,  1829.  In  1852  they  went  to  Knoxville,  and  in  1854 
crossed  the  plains  to  California.  For  one  thousand 
miles  of  the  trip  Mr.  Fash  walked  and  carried  his  first- 
born on  his  back.  After  bearing  five  children  Mrs. 
Fash  died.  May  6,  1867.  The  children  were  :  Frances 
O.,  born  Oct.  27,  1852,  died  Sept.  i,  1853,  Adraella  R., 
born  April  25,  1854,  died  March  6,  1864;  Sarah  A., 
born  July  27,  1857,  married  Hugh  Hart,  May,  1879; 
John  D.,  born  Sept.  8,  i860  ;  Philip  Sheridan,  born 
April  10,  1865.  In  August  after  his  wife's  death  Mr. 
Fash  left  California  and  returned  to  Knoxville,  reach- 
ing there  Sept.  16.  Sept.  15,  186S,  he  married  Miss 
Mary,  daughter  of  Eli  and  Matilda  Cover  nee  Bream. 
This  marriage  is  without  issue.     In  1874  they  removed 


from  Knoxville  and  settled  as  above.  Mrs.  Fash  is  a 
member  of  the  Lutheran  Church.  Politically,  Mr. 
Fash  is  Independent,  with  Republican  sympathies.  He 
owns  fifty-seven  acres  of  land,  valued  at  $35  an  acre, 

FASH  HENRY,  farmer.  Sec.  11,  P.  O.  Peoria, 
is  a  son  of  Daniel  and  Phoebe  Fash,  nee  Campbell,  and 
was  born  in  Peoria  county,  near  Farmington,  about 
1S42,  and  bred  as  a  farmer.  The  I2lh  of  February, 
i860,  he  married  Lavina,  daughter  of  Matthew  and 
Jane  Harris,  born  in  London,  England,  October  26, 
1841,  and  brought  by  her  parents  to  America  when  she 
was  eight  months  old.  They  began  farm  life  on  the 
bluflF  near  Peoria.  In  July,  1867,  they  went  to  Miss- 
ouri, but  returned  in  October,  lS6g,  and  settled  where 
they  now  live.  They  have  had  eight  children  —  Katie, 
born  .September  23,  1861  ;  Thomas  Henry,  born  July 
23,  1863  ;  Jennie  Stella,  born  August  5,  1865  ;  Addie 
Lois,  born  August  24,  1S67,  died  September  20,  1868  ; 
Addie  Lois,  (2,)  born  October  4,  1869;  Charles  Wil- 
liam, born  March  8,  1872,  died  December  5,  1876  ; 
Lizzie  May,  born  October  II,  1877,  died  December  3, 
1876  ;  Andrew  Daniel,  born  August  3,  1878.  In  re- 
ligion they  lean  to  the  Methodists.  In  politics  Mr. 
Fash  is  of  Republican  proclivities.  Has  been  constable 
six  years. 

Forney  Jesse  T.  farmer,  P.  O.  Kickapoo. 
Foulk  J.  L.  C.  harness  maker.  P.  O.  Kickapoo. 
Frye  Henry,  farmer,  P.  O.  Peoria. 
Genr  John,  farmer.  P.  O.  Edwards  Station. 
GiUis  iRnitz,  farmer,  P.  O.  Kickapoo. 

GOODRICH  RUFUS  C.  farmer,  Sec.  8,  P. 
O.  Peoria.  The  subject  of  this  mention  is  the  third 
son  and  fourth  child  of  James  B.  and  Mary  Goodrich, 
nee  Clark,  and  was  born  in  Portsmouth,  Scioto  county, 
Ohio,  December  19,  1817.  His  father  was  a  common 
laborer,  and  as  fast  as  his  children  grew  large  enough 
they  were  put  to  work  to  assist  in  supporting  the  fam- 
ily. When  Rufus  C.  was  about  ten  years  of  age  the 
father  went  as  help  on  a  flat  boat  to  New  Orleans,  and 
sickened  and  died  in  that  city,  leaving  his  wife  and 
eight  children.  The  next  eight  years  were  full  of 
struggles  and  trials  to  the  Goodrich  family,  but  at  the 
end  of  that  time  ihey  rented  a  farm,  which  was  man- 
aged in  the  main  by  Rufus.  In  the  meantime  he  traded 
a  horse  to  Gen.  William  Kendall,  then  post  master  at 
Portsmouth,  for  the  160  acres  of  land  upon  which  he  now 
lives.  On  the  i6th  day  of  April,  1S4S,  soon  after  his 
mother's  death,  he  reached  Peoria  on  his  way  to  see 
and  occupy  his  land,  and  immediately  commenced  its 
improvement.  He  had  but  little  means  and  worked  by 
the  month,  day  or  job,  wherever  he  could  get  work  to 
do,  to  earn  means  to  pay  for  such  work  on  his  land  as 
he  could  not  do  himself.  His  home  place  is  valued  at 
$50  an  afite.  Besides  this  he  owns  160  acres  in  Miss- 
ouri. On  t1ie  23d  day  of  January,  1853,  he  married 
Mariah  P.,  daughter  of  George  W.  and  Elizabeth  Fash, 
nee  Hill,  who  was  born  in  the  city  of  New  York,  May 


788 


HISTORY  OF  PEORIA  COUNTY 


I4>  1833.  by  whom  he  has  had  ten  children  —  Mary 
Jane,  bom  June  22,  1S54.  died  17th  of  August  follow- 
ing ;  Sarah  Ann,  horn  August  24,  1855  ;  Henry  T., 
born  September  4.  1857  ;  James  K.,  born  July  3,  1859, 
died  January  24,  l86l  ;  William  K.,  born  April  21, 
1861;  John  E.,  born  February  27,  1863;  Joseph  J., 
bom  September  11,  1865;  Mariah  E.,  born  November 
9,  1867  ;  Benjamin  A.,  bom  September  29,  1871 ;  Em- 
ma  D.,  born  January  3,  1874.  The  parents  are  mem- 
bers of  the  M.  E.  Church.  Politically  Mr.  Goodrich  is 
an  ardent  Kepublican. 

Gordon  A.  farmer.  1".  O.  Peoria. 
Graze*  I'aul  F.  farmer.  P.  O.  Peoria. 

GRATEVANT  ALBERT,  farmer  and  coal 
operator,  P.  O.  Peoria. 

GREENWOOD  CHARLES,  farmer.  Sec. 
16,  P.O.  Peoria;  son  of  Thomas  and  Isabella  Green- 
wood, nee  Thompson,  was  born  in  Cumberland  county, 
England,  December  22,  1S24.  His  father  was  a  butcher 
and  small  farmer.  Charles  remained  at  home  and  was 
kept  at  school  until  he  was  fifteen  years  old,  when  he 
was  apprenticed  to  Capt.  John  Gates,  master  of  the 
barque  "  Rosalind,"  to  leam  sea  craft.  He  served  four 
years  as  an  apprentice,  two  years  as  third  mate,  a  little 
more  then  two  years  as  second  mate,  and  two  years  as 
first  mate,  during  which  time  he  sailed  to  almost  every 
known  port.  Five  years  of  this  time  he  was  on  the 
"Australia"  a  1,000  ton  ship.  In  1850,  he  shipped  on 
the  "  Queen  of  London  "  as  second  mate  for  New  Or- 
leans, where  he  arrived  June  loth,  and  came  to  Peoria 
on  a  steamboat  as  deck  hand,  reaching  here  about  July 
1st.  Since  then  he  has  resided  in  Peoria  county,  for 
two  years  working  as  a  farm  hand,  wherever  he  could 
find  work  to  do.  In  1S52,  he  purchased  eighty  acres 
included  in  his  present  home-place,  which  now  consists 
of  210  acres,  valued  at  $10,500.  The  loth  of 
December,  1851,  he  married  Mrs.  Anna  Peters,  net 
Campen,  widow  of  John  C.  Peters.'who  died  of  cholera 
in  Peoria,  in  1849.  They  have  no  children,  but  they 
have  raised  two,  John  Peters,  son  of  Mrs.  G.  by  her 
first  husband,  and  Maggie  Campen,  niece  of  Mrs.  G. 
Mrs.  Greenwood  is  a  member  of  the  German  Lutheran 
Church,  Mr.  G.  is  a  Presbyterian.  Politically  he  is  a 
Republican  ;  has  been  school  director  many  years. 

OreRory  O.  farmer,  P.  *).  Klckapoo. 

Ifelierger  C.  IttarlcHmlth,  P.  t).  KlrkBpoo. 

Harrolil  r.  Ktioemaker,  P.  O.  Klckapoo. 

Hall  <).  A.  farmer.  P.  O.  Peoria. 

Ileatori  K.  farmer,  P.  <).  Peoria. 

llelnlE  A.  farmer,  P.  <>.  KIrkapoo. 

Ilelnti  Andrew.  .Ir,  farmer,  P.  o.  Klckapoo. 

Ilelnti  C.  II.  farmer.  P.  I>.  Klekapoo. 

Keliiiz  K.  fanner,  P.  O.  KIrkanuo. 

Ileltilz  «Ifo.  farmer.  P.  <).  KIrkapoo. 

Ileliii/  lli.rirv.  farmer.  P.  (I.  Klckapoo. 

ll<ilTinan  .N   tanner.  P.o   Pecirla. 

Iliinmaii  P.  rarnirr,  P.  O.  Peoria. 

Howarth  KIrliard.  farmer.  P.O.  Kilwardu  Station. 

Ilowartli  Joltn,  farmer,  P.  <).  KUwardx  .station. 

JONES  CHARLES  P.,  farmer.  Sec.  3,  P.O. 
Peoria,  born  in  Kickapuo  township,  July  5,  1849,  where 
he  was  educated  and  grew  to  manhood.     His  parents 


were  Henry  W.  and  Rebecca  Jones,  «<•<■  Miller.  Charles 
inherited  a  natural  aptitude  from  his  father  for  me- 
chanics, and  can  make  almost  any  thing  that  can  be 
made  of  wood  or  iron.  The  17th  of  November,  1869, 
he  married  Caroline,  daughter  of  John  and  Ellen  Daily, 
nee  Finger,  who  was  bom  in  Rosefield  township,  Dec. 
15,  1852.  They  have  both  always  lived  in  the  neigh- 
borhood where  they  were  bom.  They  have  six  chil- 
dren :  John  H.,  bom  Oct.  6,  1870;  Rebecca  E.,  Oct. 
23,  1871  ;  Charles  R.,  March  17,  1873;  Timothy  B., 
Nov.  22,  1874  ;  Liva,  May  23,  1876  ;  Thos.  R.,  March 
10,  1878.  Mrs.  J.  is  an  adherent  of  the  Catholic 
Church;  Mr.  J.  of  the  Episcopal.  In  politics  inde- 
pendent. 

.Ione«  H.  W.  farmer,  P.  O.  Peoria. 

•tones  S.  coal  miner,  P.  O.  Peoria. 

.limes  W.  coal  miner,  P.  O.  Peoria. 

Keller  John,  tiarneasmaker,  P.O.  Klckapoo. 

KENTTEDY  J.\>rES,   farmer,  P.  O.  Peoria. 

KeouKh  .las,  retired.  P.  O.  Klckapoo. 

Keoueh  Thoma-s.  coal  miner.  P.  o.  Klckapoo. 

KlnRsley  v\\'as.  .M.  farmer.  P.  <».  Kdwarda  Station. 

Klncsley  Fanny  f.irmer.  P.  ().  Peoria, 

KlnRSley  M.iry.  farmer.  P.  O.  Peoria. 

KinKslev  John,  farmer,  P.  O.  Peoria. 

Km'k  Geo.  farmer.  I'.  O.  Peoria. 

Koerner  C.  farmer,  P.  O.  Klckapoo. 

Krepling  w.  farmer.  P.  O.  Peoria. 

Lange  L.  farmer.  P.  O.  Peoria. 

Laser  A   farmer,  P.  O,  Peoria. 

Laielle  W.  I',  rellrert.  P.  O.  Peoria. 

l^Misdale  Ulcliard.  fanner.  P.  O.  Peoria. 

MaORan  M.  farmer,  P.  0.  Klckapoo, 

Mansfield  N.  retired.  P,  O.  Peoria. 

Harle  Joseph,  farmer.  P.O,  Peoria. 

Marie  M,  retired,  P.  O,  Peoria. 

MATTHEWS  R.  J.  constable.  P.  O.  Peoria. 

McCluffgaKC  J.  farmer,  P.  O,  Peoria. 

McCREAJDY  JA^IES,  miner.  P.  O.  Peoria. 

Meat  I.,  farmer  and  tiolel,  P.O.  Kd wards  Station. 
Mitch  Fred,  farmer.  P.  O.  Peoria, 
Mitchell  W,  farmer.  P.  U.  Edwarda  Station. 

MOFFATT  AQUILLA,  farmer  and  coal 
miner.  Sec.  25,  P.  O.  Peoria,  is  a  son  of  Benj.  F.  and 
Nancy  Moffatt,  nee  Risden,  born  October  8,  1837.  His 
father  came  to  Peoria  in  June,  1822.  During  the  lead 
mining  excitement  about  1826-7,  be  removed  to  Jo 
Daviess  county,  settling  near  Scales'  Mound,  where 
the  subject  of  this  sketch  was  bom.  The  family 
moved  back  to  Peoria  in  1854,  where  Aquilla  grew  to 
manhood,  receiving  such  educational  advantages  as 
the  district  schools  afTorded.  At  the  beginning  of  the 
war  of  the  rebellion  he  enli.sted  in  one  of  the  first  com- 
panies offered,  but  more  men  enlisted  than  could  be 
used,  and  the  company  disbanded.  Later,  when  the 
draft  came  on,  he  was  enrolling  officer,  for  two  drafts. 
In  February,  1865,  he  enlisted  in  the  14th  Illinois 
Infantry,  Company  (!.,  and  served  about  nine  months. 
On  his  return  home,  he  resumed  farming  and  coal 
mining.  On  July  3,  1861,  hewas  united  in  marriage 
to  Mary,  daughter  of  Samuel  and  Sarah  MaW.nee  Kear. 
who  was  born  in  South  Wales,  June  6,  1843,  and  came 
with  her  parents  to  America,  about  1849,  and  to  Peoria 
county  in  1852.  Tliey  have  had  eight  children,  two  of 
whom  died  in  early  infancy.     The  living  are  :    Frank- 


LiMfiSTONt;   DIRECTORY. 


789 


lin  A.,  born  April  27,  1862  ;  Edward  A.,  born  February 
16,  1864;  Sarah  J.,  born  October  18,  1865;  Effie, 
born  May  20,  1S67  ;  Samuel,  born  May  8,  1871  ;  Anna 
S.,  born  August  27,  1S73.  Mr.  Moffatt  belongs  to  the 
M.  E.  Church.  In  politics  he  is  Republican. 
MOFFATT  JOSEPH,  miner,  P.  O.  Peoria. 

MONROE  JAMES,  miner,  P.  O.  Peoria. 
The  Monroe  family  consisted  of  father,  mothei,  three 
sons  and  eight  daughters.  All  of  them,  except  one 
married  son  and  two  married  daughters,  immigrated 
from  Susquehanna  county,  Penn.,  in  the  year  1S36, 
and  landed  in  Peoria  on  the  fifth  day  of  September  of 
that  year.  The  married  son  and  two  married  daughters 
and  families  followed  a  few  years  later.  They  settled 
on  the  extreme  eastern  border  of  Limestone  township, 
where  their  occupation  consisted  of  farming,  milling 
and  jobbing.  Permelia,  the  youngest  daughter,  died 
in  the  year  1843,  aged  thirteen  years  ;  Kessiah,  the 
second  daughter,  died  in  1845 — Mr.  Aldrich,  (her  hus- 
band) and  family,  have  since  resided  in  Chenango 
county,  N.  Y.  ;  Lois,  the  mother  of  the  family,  died  in 
the  year  1848  ;  Anson,  eldest  son,  died  in  the  year 
1849 — a  part  of  his  family  still  resides  in  Limestone 
township ;  John,  the  second  son,  died  in  California  in 
1849,  at  the  age  of  thirty-six  years  ;  Samuel  Monroe, 
father  of  the  family,  died  in  the  year  1S60,  aged  eighty 
years  ;  Emeline  Monroe,  nee  Morse-Carothers,  died 
June  8,  1S79,  ^"d  members  of  her  family  reside  in 
Whiteside  and  Hancock  counties.  Ills.,  and  Neosho 
county,  Kansas  ;  Caroline  Monroe,  nee  Hulse,  seventh 
daughter,  died  January  10,  1880 — her  husband  and 
family  now  reside  in  Cowley  county.  State  of  Kansas. 
Those  who  still  survive  are  Eliza,  eldest  daughter,  age 
seventy-two,  and  Mrs.  Charlotte  Monroe,  nee  ShoU, 
third  daughter,  resides  in  Pekin,  Ills.;  Mrs.  Mary  A. 
Monroe,  nee  Woodruff,  sixth  daughter,  lives  in  the  city 
of  Peoria.  James  Monroe,  third  son,  of  Limestone 
township,  Peoria  county,  is  widely  known  throughout 
the  south  part  of  Peoria  county,  from  the  fact  of  his 
long  residence  here,  and  also  from  having  been  engaged 
in  the  milling  business  and  in  various  official  positions 
in  the  township  of  Limestone.  He  is  now  running  his 
coal  mine  near  his  residence.  The  Monroes  were  of 
Scotch  descent,  and  Democratic  in  politics. 

Mosinger  M.  fanner,  P.O.  Kickapoo. 
Mulvaiiey  c.  blacksmith,  P.O.  Kickapoo. 
Nevll  Catharine.  P.O.  Kickapoo. 
Paff  H.  T.  farmer.  P.O.  Peoria. 
Peterson  G.  fanner,  P.O.  Peoria. 

PETERSEN  JOHN  R.  horticulturist.  Sec. 
26,  P.  O.  Peoria.  Son  of  Peter  I.  and  Geeske  Peter- 
sen, nee  Roelis;  was  born  in  Pilsen,  Kingdom  of  Han- 
over, Germany,  14th  November,  1838.  He  came  to 
America  wilh  parents  in  1853,  who  settled  in  the  im- 
mediate vicinity  of  his  present  residence,  and  where 
John  grew  to  manhood,  as  a  farmer.  He  commenced 
working  among  the  farmers  soon  after  coming  to  Amer- 


ica, and  continued  industriously  at  that  business  until 
he  was  of  age,  without  the  privilege  of  attending 
school.  On  the  20th  of  May,  1867,  he  married  Marga- 
ret, daughter  of  William  and  Nora  Price,  nee  Baldwin, 
born  in  Wales,  28th  December,  1839.  Her  parents 
came  to  America  when  she  was  about  five  years  of  age, 
and  settled  at  Frostberg,  Maryland,  and  in  1855  she 
went  to  West  Virginia,  remained  there  about  eight 
years,  and  came  to  Peoria  in  the  Spring  of  1865,  and  in 
1867  was  married.  They  settled  on  the  place  they 
still  occupy,  and  engaged  in  the  culture  of  small  fruits, 
and  own  twenty-two  acres  of  land,  which  is  exclusively 
devoted  to  this  business,  and  which  has  been  made  re- 
muneratively productive.  Valued  at  $100  per  acre. 
They  both  belong  to  the  South  Limestone  M.  E. 
Church.     Politically  Mr.  P.  is  independent. 

Pillman  J.  farmer,  P.O.  Peoria. 

Powers  John,  farmer.  P.O.  Peoria. 

Pratt  R.  D.  farmer  and  hotel,  P.O.  Peoria. 

Pronlsman  F.  farmer,  P.O.  Peoria. 

Radley  R.  merchant.  P.O.  Peoria. 

Randle  A.  farmer  and  coal  miner.  P.O.  Peoria. 

ROELFS  JOHN,  farmer.  Sec.  26,  P.  O.  Peoria. 
Born  in  Groothazen,  Province  of  Hanover,  Germany, 
3d  August,  1841.  His  parents,  Simon  and  Margaret 
Roelfs,  nee  Smid,  came  to  America  in  1850,  and  in  the 
Spring  of  1851  settled  at  Peoria.  In  the  Fall  located 
on  the  northwest  quarter  of  Sec.  26,  where  John  grew 
to  manhood  as  a  farmer,  receiving  the  advantages  of 
the  district  school.  The  i6th  January,  1870,  he  mar- 
ried Etta,  daughter  of  John  and  Aje  Riemann,  nee 
Hatterman,  who  was  born  in  Wognard,  Hanover,  Ger- 
many, 3d  March,  1S41,  and  came  to  America  in  186S. 
They  first  settled  at  their  present  home,  a  part  of  the 
Roelfs  homestead.  They  have  had  four  children,  none 
of  them  surviving  infancy.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  R.  are  not 
communicants  of  any  church.  Politically  Mr.  R.  is  a 
Democrat.  He  has  been  school  treasurer  since  1874, 
and  has  handled  $33,000,  accounting  for  every  cent. 
Mr.  R.'s  father  was  born  in  1796,  and  is  hale  and 
hearty.     His  mother  died  in  1S66,  in  her  66th  year. 

Schllnk  John  B.  farmer,  P.O.  Kickapoo. 
Schiink  V.  retired.  P.O.  Kickapoo. 
Schmidt  Adam,  farmer,  P.O.  Kickapoo. 
Schmidt  Johannes,  fanner.  P.O.Kickapoo. 
Schmidt  Laurenz.  farmer.  P.O.  Kickapoo. 
Schmack  J.  farmer.  P.  o.  Peoria. 

SCHULZ  FREDERICK  W.  justice  of  the 
peace  and  coal  miner.  Sec.  13,  P.  O.  Peoria  ;  son  of 
John  Frederick  and  Louisa  Schulz,  nee  Wagener  ;  was 
born  in  Berlin,  Prussia,  April  i6,  1829.  He  learned 
the  trade  of  a  machinist,  serving  seven  years,  and  came 
to  America  June  13,  1851.  He  first  settled  in  Dodge 
county,  Wisconsin,  thence  came  to  Peoria  county,  in 
June,  1865,  and  settled  as  above.  He  engaged  as  man- 
ager and  bookkeeper  for  his  brother,  August  Shulz, 
who  was  operating  the  coal  bank  now  managed  by 
Frederick  Mohn.  His  brother  died  in  April,  1875,  "id 
he  continued  to  manage  the  business  in  the  interest  of 
the  widow  for  a  time,  when  he  commenced  mining  on 


790 


HISTORY  OP  PEORIA  COUXTY. 


his  own  account,  and  is  still  so  engaged.  December 
26,  1B6S,  he  was  married  to  Martha  Ashue,  who  was 
born  in  Westminster,  London,  England,  August  25, 
1835,  and  came  to  America  with  her  parents,  William 
and  Mary  Fowler,  nte  Tipper,  in  1845.  The  marriage 
is  without  children.  Politically  Mr.  Schulz  is  a  Dem- 
ocrat. He  was  elected  justice  of  the  peace  in  April, 
1S77,  for  a  term  of  four  years  ;  ii  also  school  director. 
Religiously,  he  i:>  a  Free  Thinker.  His  wife  was  a 
member  uf  the  Baptist  Church. 

8«crrtan  0.  farmer,  RO.  Peorl*. 
8t)aplcy  John,  ptiyslrlan.  P.O.  KIckapoo. 
Sbulte  Wni.  ririiirr.  P.O.  Klrkapoo. 
.siioup  John,  farnirr,  P.O.  Edwards  Sullon. 

SHOUP  ABUAM  M.  farmer.  Sec.  23,  P.  O. 
Harker's  Corners.  This  native  Illinoisan  is  a  son  of 
Abram  and  Sarah  Shoup,  nte  Crittenden,  and  was  born 
in  Fulton  county,  December  12,  1844.  When  he  was 
a  lad  his  parents  removed  to  Hancock  county,  and 
settled  near  Carthage,  where  he  grew  to  manhood  as 
a  farmer,  with  such  educational  advantages  as  were  of- 
fered by  the  district  schools.  In  1S61  he  enlisted  in 
what  was  intended  to  be  the  Black  Hawk  Cavalry,  but 
the  company  became  the  nucleus  of  the  7th  Missouri 
Cavalry  regiment.  At  the  expiration  of  three  years 
the  remains  of  the  regiment  re-enlisted  as  veterans  and 
consolidated  with  the  First  Missouri  Cavalry,  and 
served  to  the  close  of  the  war.  He  was  mustered  out 
at  Little  Rock,  Ark.,  September   i,  1865  ;  returned  to 


Hancock   county  and   remained  until  1S67,  when  he 

came  to  this  township.     August    13,  1868,   he  married 

Henrietta,  daughter  of  Cooley  G.  and    Elizabeth  Ann 

Curtis,  tut  Xeson,  who  was  born  in  Woodford  county, 

August    31,  1S49.     Her   parents   settled  on    the   place 

now  occupied  by  her  and  her  husband  in    1 85 1.     They 

were  in  easy  financial   circumstances  and  left  each  of 

their  children  a  good   farm  or  its  equivalent.     Their 

marital  union     resulted    in   three   children  —  Regenia 

Belle,   born   August  17,  1870;  James  Franklin,  March 

7,  1S73,   and   Joseph    Harvey,  bom    March   20,  1877. 

Protestant.     Politically    Mr.   S.  is   a  Democrat.     The 

farm  consists  of  400  acres,  valued  at  $35  an  acre. 

.Stnllti  John,  farmer.  P.  O.  Rlrkapoo. 

Smith  Juhii  W..  farmrr.  P.  O.  Klrkapoo. 

Kt«<;r  Richard,  fanner.  P.  U.  Edwarill  Station. 

Slevens  K..  farmer.  P.  O-  Peorta. 

.'^llnK*'r  Frank.  Jr..  farmer.  P.  o.  Ktckapoo. 

Slra«l>aURh  L^>ulAa.  9eain^lreif5.  P.  O.  Kickapoo. 

Hwinliasky  K.  (anurr.  P.  t_i.  KI(-kap4K>. 

Swlnk  .lohn  \V..  fanner.  V.  o.  Penrla. 

S)'eli  T.,  toharronUl.  P-  O.  KirkajKHj. 

liiuinas  J.  A.,  farmer.  P.  O.  KlrkajMto. 

Vanarftdale  Juhn.  farmer.  P.  o.  Petirla. 

Varden  P..  farmer,  P.  u.  Edwards  Statton. 

Vlckary  H..  mill  operator  and  farmer.  P.  O.  Peorta. 

\'tK>rIiees  J.,  farmer.  P.  o.  KIckapoo. 

Wallers  11..  farmer.  P.  O.  Petirla. 

WhltliiK  Wm  .  faruier.  P.  O.  KIckapoo. 

Winter  P..  farmer.  P.  O.  Peurla. 

Window  F.  \V.,  laborer.  P.  O.  KIckapoo. 

WHITE  CHAKLES,   Sec.  13,  P.  O.  Peoria. 

WOLLAXD    EUWIN,  coal  operator.  P.O. 

Peoria. 

Younfc  A.,  merchant,  P.  O.  KIckapoo. 
Youni;  Henry  C-.  physician.  1*.  U.  KIckapoo. 
Zeman  Casper  P.,  shoemaker.  P.  O.  KIckapoo. 
Zerwekb  J.,  farmer,  P.  U.  Peoria. 


LOGAN    TOWNSHIP. 


Barlow  S.  T.  farmer.  P.  O.  Trivoll. 
lleeeber  A.  11.  fanner,  I',  o.  .Snmmervllle. 
Illandin  F.  A.  farmer.  P.  o.  Marker's  Corners. 
Holianati  .1.  <;.  farmer.  P.  o.  Peoria, 
llourne  .**.  J.  .Mrs.  fanner.  P.  O.  .Smlthvllle. 

BROOKS  .S.  W.  farmer.  Sec.  28.  P.  O.   Smilh- 

ville.     Son  of  William  and    Elizabeth  (Irwin)  Brooks. 

father  a    native  of    Pennsylvania,    mother  of  Ireland. 

They  emigrated  from  York  Co.,  Pa.,  to   Highland  Co.. 

Ohio  in  1819,  where  they  raised  a  family  of  five  sons 

and  two  daughters.     The    subject    of   this   sketch  was 

born  in  Vork  Co.,  Pa.,  on  the  4th  day  of  .\pril.   1S12. 

Married  .Miss  Pcrcdla,  daughter  of  John  Turbett,  born 

in   Fairfield  Co.,  Ohio,   July    I,    1817.     Five    children 

blessed  their  union,  three  living,  John   B.,  Henry   M., 

Thos.  C.     John  B.,  i^  a  graduate  of   the    Homucpathic 

College  in    New  Vork  city,  and  has  for  four  years   been 

practicing    medicine  in    Hot    Springs,  Ark.     Mr.  and 

Mrs.  Brooks  are  members  of  the    Presbyterian  Church. 

Mr.  B.   was  at  the  organization    of  the  township    and 

was  one  of  the  first  justices  of  the  peace  elected.     Mr. 

B.  has  succeeded  in  accumulating  a  tine  property.   Had 

three  sons  in  the  Union  army. 


BROOKS  W.  A.  farmer,  Sec.  28,  P.  O.  Smith- 
ville.  Was  born  in  Highland  Co.  Ohio,  on  the  Bth  day 
of  .\ugust.  1S21,  reared  on  a  farm  and  was  educated  in 
the  common  school.  At  the  age  of  nineteen  learned 
the  blacksmith  trade  which  he  followed  for  four  years, 
then  came  to  Illinois  in  1S45.  In  1848,  married  Miss 
Rosanna  P.,  daughter  of  John  McCullough.  She  was 
born  in  Adams  Co.,  Ohio,  July  15,  1830.  Eleven  child- 
ren blessed  this  union,  nine  of  which  are  still  living, 
three  girls  and  six  boys,  viz.,  John  I..  Wm.  H.,  Robt. 
W.,  Martha  J.,  James  A.,  Elizabeth  Wren,  Rosa  P., 
Thos.  W.,  Chas.  W.,  all  of  which  are  living  in  the  town- 
ship. They  are  members  of  the  Presbyterian  Church. 
Mr.  B.  had  }6o  acres  of  laml,  200  of  which  is  in  a  high 
state  of  cultivation.     Valued  at  $13,000. 

lUirhonaii  John,  farmer.  P.  o.  Smlthvllle. 

Iluchanan  \V.  V  .  P.  o.  Smlthvllle. 

Hack  W.  J.  farmer   P.  o   ILirker's  Coruers. 

COLTElt  CiEOItiiE,  blacksmith  and  jobber. 

P.  O.  Sinithville,  is  the   son    of   Richard    and   C)Tithia 

(Ciurnsey)   Colter,    mother  a    native    of  Vermont    and 

father  of  Canada.     Mr.  C.  was  born  in   Hastinp  Co., 


LOGAN  DIRECTORY. 


791 


Canaila  West,  on  the  i2thof  June,  1S44.     Was   reared 

and  educated  a  farmer.     In  1864  came  to   Illinois  and 

work«d  in  Elmwood  a  short   time,  then    went    to   Kar- 

mington,  Fulton  Co.,  remaining   three  years.     Thence 

to  Trivoli  and  to  Peoria,  and  in  1876   came    to    Smith- 

viUe  where  he  still  resides.     Married  Miss  Mary  Mon- 

lu.'c,  who  was  born  in  Muskingum  Co.,  Ohio,  Nov.    27, 

1849.      George   E.,   Ida   Blanch,    Herbert    Lee,    and 

Harry  have  been  born  to  them.     Mr.  and    Mrs.   Colter 

are  members  of  the  M.  E.  Church. 

Collough  W.  T.  farmer.  P.O.  Trivoli. 

COTTIXGHAM  J.   B.   farmer  and  fine  stock 

breeder.  Sec.  20,  P.  O.  Smithville,  is  the  son  of  Thomas 

and  Lydia  (McNamer)  Coltingham.      Mother  a  native 

of  Kentucky,  and  father  of  Maryland,  who  immigrated 

when   a    boy  to    Kentucky,  and  thence   to    Hamilton 

county,  111.,  in  1S23,  where  he  married.     In  1S43,  came 

to  Peoria  county  and  settled  in  Logan  township.     The 

subject  of  this  sketch  was  born  in   Hamilton  county, 

111.,  on  the  5th  of  May,  1828.     Married  Miss  Nancy  E. 

daughter  of  Robert  Kinsey,   born  May  10,   1843,  who 

bore  him  two  children.  Ira  D.  and  Annie  May.    Mr.  C. 

owns  322  acres  of  land,  2go  under  good  cultivation  and 

valued  at  $20,000.       He  has  for  the  last  twelve  years 

made   a   specialty   of  breeding   pure   blooded  Poland 

China  hogs.     Has  turned  off  sixty  head  that  averaged 

520  pounds  each,  the  finest  that  ever  went  into  Chicago 

market.     Mr.  C.  came  to  the  county  a  poor  boy. 

Cottlngham  J.  V.  farmer.  P.  O.  I'rivoli. 
Couch  L.  farmer.  P.  O,  Marker's  Corners. 

COULTER  S.  L.  farmer,  Sec.  12,    P.  O.  Sum- 

merville. 

Cox  Wm.  farmer.  P.  O.  Summerville. 
Crow  A.  D,  farmer.  P.  O.  Peoria. 
Doubet  Jos.  Jr.  farmer,  P.  O.  Summerville. 
Downlnc  J.  D.  farmer.  P.  O.  Smitlivllle. 
Downig  R.  P.  farmer.  P.  O.  Smitliville. 
Duroars  Geo.  W.  farmei-,  P.  O.  Trivoli. 
Emons  J.  A.  farmer,  P.  O.  Trivoli. 
Kraoiis  W.  H.  farmer.  P.  O.  Trivoli. 
Emmons  Wm.  U,  fariuer,  P.  O.  Trivoli. 

EKB  D.  Li,  contractor  and  stone  mason,  P.  O. 
Smithville. 

EKFORD  SI3ION  H.  merchant  and  post- 
master. Pass  Ridge. 

Ewait  Clem,  farmer.  P.  O.  Peoria. 
Flniey  R.  M.  farmar,  P.  O.  Summerville. 

FORBES  TH03IAS,  farmer.  Sec.  27,  P.  O. 
Smithville,  is  the  son  of  William  and  Susan  Forbes, 
natives  of  Ireland.  In  1837  they  came  to  Peoria  and 
located  in  Logan  township.  Thomas  was  born  in  Mon- 
mouth county,  N.  J.,  on  the  3d  of  May,  1830,  and  was 
there  reared  and  educated.  Married  Catharine,  daugh- 
ter of  Charles  Cox.  She  was  born  in  Pennsylvania, 
Jan.  I,  1837,  and  is  the  mother  of  five  children  ;  lan- 
tha  L.  now  Mrs.  John  Foster;  Susan,  now  Mrs.  John 
Stewart;  Ida  M.,  Thomas  and  Fannie  E.  They  are 
members  of  the  Presbyterian  Church,  and  own  eighty 
acres  of  land,  valued  at  $4,000.       In   1S62  Mr.  F.  en- 


listed in  the  77th  I.  V.  I.  and  served  three  years.  Was 
in  the  engagement  at  Yazoo  Bayou  and  the  siege 
and  capture  of  Vicksburg  ;  thence  to  Jackson,  Miss., 
and  back  to  Vicksburg  ;  thence  via  New  Orleans  to 
Texas,  and  then  back  to  Berwick  Bay  ;  thence  up 
the  Red  River  on  the  expedition  under  Banks,  and  was 
taken  prisoner  at  Sabine  Cross  Roads  and  held  thirteen 
months  and  nineteen  days,  until  the  close  of  the  war, 
Franks  H.  farmer,  P.  O.  Smithville. 

FRANKS  HENRY,  farmer,  Sec.  33,  P-  O. 
Smithville,  son  of  John  and  Elizabeth  (Kuntz)  Franks, 
natives  of  Pa.  Henry  was  born  in  Perry  county,  that 
State  on  the  26th  March,  iSog,  and  raised  and  educated 
in  Junietta  county,  on  a  farm,  until  fourteen  years  old, 
when  he  learned  and  worked  at  the  blacksmith  trade 
for  ten  years.  In  1845  came  to  Peoria  county.  Ills., 
and  located  in  Logan  township.  Married  Miss  Eliza- 
beth Snyder,  born  in  Franklin  county.  Pa.,  September 
12,  1S12.  They  had  ten  children,  six  living  :  George, 
Simon,  R.  B.,  Mary  Ann,  Catherine  Elizabeth,  Jane. 
They  are  adherents  of  the  Lutheran  Church  ;  own  120 
acres  of  land,  valued  at  f6,ooo.  Simon  R.  B.  enlisted 
in  the  57th  I.  V.  I.,  Co.  E.,  and  served  three  years. 
John  F.  enlisted  in  the  77th  I.  V.  I.,  and  served  nearly 
three  years. 

Franks  J.  N.  farmer.  P.  O.  Pass  Ridge. 
Frederick  F.  farmer.  P.  o.  Smithville. 
Fuller  U.  farmer.  P.  O.  Harker's  Corners. 

GARDNER,  M.  A.  farmer.  Sec.  36,  P.  O. 
Harker's  Corners,  is  the  son  of  Ansel  and  Lucinda 
(Bishop)  Gardner,  natives  of  Wayne  county,  N.  Y. 
They  immigrated  to  Peoria  county  in  1836,  remaining 
in  Peoria  six  years.  In  1844  came  to  Logan  township 
and  lived  until  1865,  when  they  removed  to  .Stark 
county,  where  his  father  died  in  iSSo  ;  mother  still  liv- 
ing. Mr.  G.  was  born  in  Wayne  county,  N.  Y.  on  the 
26th  day  of  August,  1826,  and  was  bred  a  farmer,  which 
he  always  followed.  Married  Miss  Elizabeth  Todd, 
born  in  Philadelphia,  June  14th,  1836.  Their  union 
was  blessed  with  three  children  :  Hattie,  Elenor,  and 
Stella.  They  belong  to  the  Presbyterian  Church,  own 
200  acres  of  land,  valued  at  $10,000;  the  result  of  in- 
dustry and  economy. 

GLASGOW  STEWART,  farmer.  Sec.  4. 
P.  O.  Summerville,  was  born  in  Adams  county,  Ohio, 
on  the  23rd  day  of  April,  1S23  ;  was  brought  up  on  a 
farm  and  attended  the  district  school.  He  married  Miss 
Elizabeth  Askren,  of  Ohio,  who  died  June  Iqlh,  185 1, 
the  mother  of  two  children  :  Huston,  who  lived  to  the 
age  of  24  years,  and  Elizabeth,  who  died  in  infancy. 
Married  Miss  Iladessah  Wyley,  daughter  of  Samuel 
Wyley,  natives  of  Ohio.  She  was  bom  in  Miami 
county,  that  State,  April  nth,  1S33.  Six  living  chil- 
dren  comprise  their  family,  four  boys  and  two  girls, 
viz.:  Sarah  E.,  now  Mrs.  William  A.  Patton ;  Rosa 
Bell,  now   Mrs.  John   Patton  ;  Samuel   F.,  William  E., 


792 


HISTORY  OF  PEORIA  COUNTY. 


John  W.,  James  H.  One  died  in  infancy.  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  G.  are  members  of  the  U.  P.  Church  ;  own  330 
acres  of  land,  valued  at  $12,000. 

GlftAffow  8.  s.  rarmer,  I'.  O.  .Sumnierrllle. 
OrMli  .S   <i.  Mr^.  fariinT.  P.  <>.  Trivoll. 
Orodliiir  U  K.  fanner,  P.  U.  Suminervllle. 

GREEN  W.  C.  farmer,  Sec.  18.  P.  O.  Trivoli  ; 
son  of  Silas  and  Sarah  Green,  natives  of  Pennsylvania, 
came  to  this  State  in  1835.  Mr.  G,  was  bom  June  10, 
184S.  Married  Miss  Lucy  L.,  daughter  of  James  and 
Sarah  Adams,  she  was  born  February  18,  1S54.  They 
are  the  parents  of  one  child  ;  and  members  of  the  M. 
E.  Church.  Own  100  acres  of  land,  seventy-five  un- 
der good  cultivation  and  worth  $3,500.  Mr.  Green  is 
Republican  in  politics.  Had  three  brothers  in  the 
Union  Army,  one  of  which  languished  eleven  months 
in  a  rebel  prison,  and  one  was  mortally  wounded  while 
coming  home  on  a  furlough. 

ItarifcyC.  farmer.  P.O.  Harker's  Corners. 
ilarclIiiK  J.  fariuer.  p.  <i.  Suniiiu-rvllle. 
ilurper  KUzabetli.  farmer.  P.  O.  .Siiilllivtlle. 
llartJ.  M.  farmer,  p.  O.  .Summervllle. 
Uaruiiy  C.  farmer.  P.  O.  Pass  Klilge. 

HERRELL  D.  H.  physician  and  surgeon, 
res.  Smilhville,  son  of  Wiley  and  Sarah  (Jones)  Her- 
rell,  was  born  in  Miami  county,  Ind.,  July  16,  1844; 
was  reared  on  his  father's  farm,  and  attended  the  dis- 
trict school.  At  the  age  of  seventeen  enlisted  in  the 
8th  Mo.  Infantry,  Co.  F.,  and  served  three  years. 
Mustered  out  at  Baton  Rouge,  La.  After  returning 
from  the  war  he  commenced  the  study  of  medicine 
with  Dr.  Scott,  of  Fulton  county,  remaining  two  years. 
Attended  lectures  at  Rush  Medical  College,  at  Chi- 
cago. 

HL'RFF  ISAAC  E.  farmer,  P.  O.  Trivoli; 
son  of  George  and  Martha  Ann  (Ewalt)  HurlT.  was 
born  in  Elmwood  township,  on  the  Isl  day  of  Decem- 
ber, 1842;  was  bred  and  educated  a  farmer.  Married 
Miss  Carrie  A.  Hurlbut,  born  September  12,  1850,  died 
January  g,  1873,  leaving  one  child,  George  H.,  born  in 
Elmwood,  February  2,  1871,  died  August  13,  1874. 
Mr.  llurff  married  Miss  Lide  Cottingham,  April  26, 
1876.  .She  was  the  daughter  of  Rev.  Thos.  Cotting- 
ham and  I.ydia  McNamar;  and  she  was  born  in  Logan 
township,  November  <j,  1847.  Mr.  11.  enlisted  in  the 
8lh  Mo.  Inf.,  Co.  E,  after  eighteen  months  service  was 
discharged  for  disability,  having  his  left  thigh  fractured 
by  a  falling  limb. 

Il)le  Will,  furiiu'r.  P.O.  Trlvull. 

JAC'Olt  .VLEX.VNDER (deceased).  Wasborn 
in  Junielta  county.  Pa.,  in  1821,  and  came  to  Peoria  in 
1857.  Married  Miss  Mary  M.  Glasgow,  who  was  born 
in  Ireland,  in  1 833,  and  came  to  the  U.  S.  when  but  a 
child.  They  had  a  family  of  twelve  children,  ten  still 
living.  Mr.  Jacob  was  a  consistent  Christian,  and  loved 
and  respected  by  all  who  knew  him.     The  estate  con- 


tains   140  acres   of  land,  130  under  good  cultivation, 

value  $5,000. 

Jansen  R  farmer,  P.  O,  .SmIlliTllle. 
KarnetiaD  Wro.  farmer.  P.  u.  SmlihTllle. 

KELLY  R AX.SOM,  farmer,  ?.  O.  Smilhville. 

Klrry  Wm.  minister,  P.  o  SmIthTlllp. 
Klinley  W.  K.  farmer.  P  o  .'<inlthvllle. 
KIrffuiAn  J.  K.  furnuT.  p.  o.  TrlToll. 
Kline  U.  runner.  P.  O.  Siiiithville. 
Kticmles  Itohl.  fanner.  P  n.  p»«»  Kldge. 
K>le  Win.  runner,  P.  O.  Trlvull. 
Ijrirent  J.  M.  farmer,  P.  o.  SmIthTllle. 
L»-.slle  A.  fanner.  P.  (1.  SuillliTllle. 
Long  Mllu  .M.  farmer,  p.  (1.  .Smilhvillo. 
Lowe  J.  M.  tilioeniaker.  1',  o.  .Stnltbvltle. 
Lucas  I.  .\.  driiRBlBt.  P.  O.  ••iiuUhvllle. 
Maurice  Ge»p  farmer.  P.  O.  Tritoll. 
.McAMMer  K.  fanner.  P.  o.  Smilhville. 
McAllHl.  r  James,  farmer.  P.  O.  Smltbvllle. 
McCulliiUKti  .la.>.  farmer,  p.  o.  .Summervllle. 
McCullouRli  K.  O.  farmer,  P.  O.  Summervllle. 

McCULLOUGH  W.  S.  farmer  and  stock 
raiser.  Sec.  5,  P.  O.  Trivoli,  is  the  son  of  John  and 
Martha  (Glasgow)  McCullough,  natives  of  Ohio.  They 
immigrated  to  Peoria  county  in  1846,  and  located  in 
this  township  on  Sec.  4,  where  they  died.  The  son, 
whose  name  heads  this  sketch,  was  bom  in  Adams 
county,  Ohio,  Sept.  26,  1835  ;  was  eleven  years  old  when 
the  family  came  to  this  State.  Married  Miss  Margaret 
A.,  daughter  of  John  W.  Stewart.  She  was  bom  in 
Indiana  in  1838.  Four  children  blessed  their  union  ; 
two  living :  Martha  J.  and  Melvin  G.  Mr.  M.  has 
held  several  local  offices  ;  is  at  present  justice  of  the 
peace  and  president  of  ihe  Roscfield  Fire  and  Light- 
ning Ins.  Co.;  has  270  acres  of  land,  260  elegantly 
improved,  valued  at  $13,500. 

.McDoiiaia  .S.  J.  farmer.  P.  O.  TrlToll. 
.McDonalil  Wm.  farmer,  P.  o.  Paaa  RIdce. 
.McQec  Geo.,  p.  l>.  Smlthvllle. 

McILREE  A.  farmer  and  stock  raiser.  Sec  20, 
P.O.  Smilhville.  son  of  Archibald  and  Jane  Mcllree, 
was  born  in  Tyrone  county,  Ireland,  in  iSlo  ;  came  to 
the  United  States  in  1831  .  landed  in  Philadelphia  and 
remained  there  about  twenty-two  years,  where  he  fol- 
lowed dyeing  ;  in  1S50  came  to  Peoria  county,  and  soon 
after  married  Miss  Jane  Emans.  She  was  born  in  York 
State,  and  died,  leaving  two  children :  Samuel  and 
Jennie,  now  Mrs.  Leslie.  Mr.  Mcllree  married  Sarah 
Jane  Tolan,  born  in  Perry  county.  Pa.,  in  1832.  by 
whom  he  had  two  children  ;  one  is  living,  Cleonia, 
born  May  15,  1870.  Their  homestead  comprises  300 
acres  of  land,  valued  at  $15,000.  the  result  of  their 
own  labor.  He  is  a  member  of  the  United  Presbyte- 
rian Church,  and  Mrs.  M.  of  the  M.  E.  Church. 

MILLER  JAMES  U.  farmer  and  merchant. 
Sec.  15.  r.  O.  Smilhville,  sun  of  Ezra  and  Nancy  M. 
(Weed)  Miller,  natives  of  Ohio.  They  came  to  Peoria 
county  in  the  Spring  of  1S45,  and  located  in  Logan 
township,  where  his  father  died  in  the  Fall  of  1856.  at 
the  age  of  59  ;  mother  is  living  at  the  age  of  70.  I'her 
raised  a  family  of  eight,  who  lived  to  adult  age;  l«ro 
died  in  infancy.  James  H.  was  born  in  Preble  county, 
Ohio,  April  12,  1830;  remained  with  his  parenit  for 
.some  years  after  coming  to  the  county.     Married  Nancy 


LOGAN   DIRECTORY. 


793 


A.  Smith,  Nov.  22,  1S55,  daughter  of  Thos.  and  Mar- 
tha Smith,  nativesof  Kentucky,  who  came  to  the  county 
in  1S34.  She  was  born  in  Flemming  county,  Ky.,  May 
4,  1833,  and  is  the  mother  of  seven  children,  viz. :  Wm. 
F.,  born  May  24,  1857  ;  Martha  I.,  born  Jan.  27,  1859, 
died  Aug.  17,  i860;  James  S.,  born  April  20,  1S60; 
Thos.  P.,  born  July  12,  1862  ;  Annie  B.,  born  Dec.  g, 
1864  ;  John  G.,  born  Oct.  14,  1870  ;  Ralph  M.,  born 
April  13, 1S73.  Are  members  of  the  United  Presbyte- 
rian Church  of  Smithville.  Owns  540  acres  of  land, 
350  well  improved,  valued  at  .$25,000.  Mr.  M.  came 
to  the  county  a  poor  boy.  A  determined  will  and  hard 
work  have  been  amply  rewarded. 

ailLLER  FUIiTON,  merchant  and  postmas- 
ter, P.  O.  Smithville. 

NORVEIili  T.  BOYD,  M.  D.,  P.  O.  Smith- 
ville. 

Norval  W.  O.  farmer.  P.  O.  Trlvoll. 

Norwood  F.  farmer,  P.  O.  Marker's  Corners. 

Norwood  J.  A.  farmer.  P.  O.  Trlvoll. 

Parr  A.  farmer.  P.  o.  Trivoll. 

Parr  H.  Mrs.  P.  O.  Trivoli. 

Parr  James,  farmer,  P.  O.  Harker's  Corners. 

PARR  JA3IES,  farmer  and  stock  raiser.  Sec. 
36,  P.  O.  Smithville,  is  a  son  of  Thomas  and  Heiress 
M.  (Eno)  Parr,  natives  of  Oswego  county,  N.  Y.  The 
family  immigrated  to  Peoria  county  in  1831,  lived  nine 
years  on  a  rented  farm  in  Richwoods  township,  and  then 
came  to  Logan  township.  Mr.  P.,  Sr.,  was  in  the  Black 
Hawk  war,  and  with  the  money  obtained  purchased  land, 
where  he  got  his  first  start.  Came  to  this  State  with  a 
team,  and,  owing  to  the  rain  and  mud,  was  ten  weeks 
on  the  way.  When  he  landed  in  the  county  he  had  not 
a  cent  in  his  pocket  he  could  call  his  own,  went  to  work 
with  a  will  and  secured  a  valuable  estate.  James  Parr 
was  born  in  Richwoods  township,  Peoria  county.  111., 
on  the  25th  day  of  March,  1835.  In  1862,  he  married 
Miss  Harriet  M.,  daughter  of  Simon  Reeve,  who  immi- 
grated to  the  county  about  1829  or  '30.  She  was  born 
on  the  place  v/here  she  now  resides,  Oct.  25,  1839.  Six 
children  compose  their  family,  three  of  each  sex.  Owns 
120  acres  of  land,  valued  at  $5,000. 

Parr  Thomas,  farmer,  P.  O.  Smithville. 

PARR  SA3IUEL  E.  farmer  and  stock  raiser. 
Sec.  21,  P.  O.  Smithville,  is  the  son  of  Thomas  and 
Heiress  (Eno)  Parr.  Father  a  native  of  Ireland,  and 
mother  of  New  York.  Immigrated  to  Peoria  county  in 
1831,  located  in  Richwoods  township,  and  remained 
there  nine  years.  Thence  removed  to  Logan  township, 
where  his  father  died  in  1852;  mother  still  living  at  the 
age  of  seven-two,  Mr.  Parr,  the  youngest  of  the  chil- 
dren, was  born  in  this  county,  Oct.  13,  1845,  and  was 
bred  as  a  farmer,  receiving  such  schooling  as  the  dis- 
trict schools  afforded.  April  23,  1868,  he  married  Miss 
Emma  J.,  daughter  of  Benjamin  Tamplin,  of  Peoria, 
where  she  was  born  March  2,  1S44.  They  have  had 
56 


four  children,  two  living — Ida  M.  and  George  A. 
They  belong  to  the  Presbyterian  Church  at  Salem. 
Owns  200  acres  of  land,  120  acres  under  good  improve- 
ment, valued  at  $8, 000. 

PATERII>GE  HIRAM  W.  hotel  keeper, 
P.  O.  Smithville,  son  of  Josiah  and  Pruella  Pateridge, 
natives  of  York  State,  was  born  in  Cayuga  county,  N. 
Y.,  Feb.  ig,  i8o6,  and  was  reared  to  the  blacksmith 
trade.  In  1831,  he  married  Miss  Emily,  daughter  of 
Tyler  Stevens,  who  was  born  in  Cayuga  county,  N.  Y., 
Jan.  s6,  1815.  They  have  had  thirteen  children,  only 
three  of  whom  are  living  —  James,  Quail  and  Josiah. 
Mr.  P.  is  a  membei  of  the  Christian  Union,  and  Mrs. 
P.  of  the  U.  P.  Church.  After  coming  to  this  county, 
he  followed  farming  for  a  number  of  years,  and  had 
charge  of  the  almshouse  for  ten  years.  Mr.  P.  has  been 
a  hard  working  man,  and  by  his  energies  has  accu- 
mulated a  fine  property.  Has  140  acres  of  land,  near 
Smithville,  under  good  improvement,  valued  at  $5,000. 
His  grandfather,  Seth  Higley,  was  in  the  war  of  the 
revolution,  and  his  father,  in  the  war  of  l8l2,  went  in- 
to the  battle  at  Sackett's  harbor,  and  is  supposed  to 
have  been  killed. 
Partridge  Jas.  postman,  P.  o.  Smithville. 

PARTRIDGE   Q,  H,  farmer,  Sec.  27,  P.  O. 
Smithville. 

PATTERSON  JAMES  H.  farmer,  Sec.  2g, 

P.  O.   Smithville,  was   born  in  Alabama,  on  the  i6th 

day   of  April,   1815.     Immigrated  from  there  to  Ohio 

with  his  parents  when  nine  years  old.     Married  Miss 

Isabella  M.  Brooks  in  1838.     She  was  born  March  10, 

1818,  in  Pa.     They  are  the  parents  of  eleven  children, 

six   of  whom   are  living  —  Samuel   W.,  born  July  13, 

1843,  Sarah  E.,  born  March  30,  1S46,  Martha  E.,  born 

Jan.  27,  1S48,  Isabella  A.,  born   April  21,   1854,   Mary 

L.  born  July  31,  1S5S,   Edgar  M.,    born  Dec.  3,  i860. 

Five  deceased  —  Wm.  H.,  who  was  killed  at  the  battle 

of  Shiloh,  April  6,  1862,  Elizabeth,  died  Sept.  27,  1869, 

Alexander  Orr,  died  Feb.  23,  1865,  two  died  in  infancy. 

While  in  Ohio  Mr.  P.  pursued  the  carpenter  trade  and 

farming,  and  in  1846  came  to  Peoria  county,  settling  in 

Logan  township,  where  he  has  devoted  his  attention 

exclusively  to  farming.     Owns  200  acres  of  land,  valued 

at    $8,000.     Is   a   member  of  the  Salem  Presbyterian 

Church,   of  which   he   is   an  elder.     Has  held   several 

local  offices. 

Patterson  Samuel,  farmer,  p.  O.  Smith  vile. 
Pattoti  .1.  B.  farmer.  P.  O.  Trivoli. 
Patron  N.  C.  farmer,  P.  u.  Summerviile. 

PATTOX  THOMAS    E.    farmer  and  stock 

grower.  Sec.  13,  P.  O.  Smithville,  is  the  son  of  Thomas 

Patton  and  Jane  Glasgow,  natives  of  Va.,  where  they 

were  married,  and  immigrated  to  Adams  county,  Ohio, 

and  there  on  a  farm  their  family  of  nine  children  grew 

to  be  men  and  women.     Thomas  was  born  in  Adams 

county,   Ohio   on    the    14th  day  of  August,  1822,  and 


794 


HISTORY  OF  PEORIA  COUNTY; 


received  the  benefit  of  the  district  school.  He  married 
Miss  Martha  A.,  daughter  of  Robert  and  Phoebe  Fin- 
ley,  natives  of  Va.,  where  Mrs.  P.  was  boin  on  the  22d 
dayof  Jan.,lS23.  Their  union  resulted  in  twelve  children, 
seven  still  living,  six  boys  and  one  girl  —  Robert  M., 
born  June  27,  1S43,  Hadasseh,  born  Sept.  1$.  1846 
(infant  child  died),  Thos.  C,  bom  March  14,  1850, 
died  May  2,  186S,  \Vm.  A.,  born  Jan.  22.  1852,  John  T., 
born  April  4,  1854,  James  R.,  born  Feb.  I,  lS56,-died 
Jan.  26,  1858,  Rowland  T.,  born  Nov.-  8,  1857,  died 
Sept.,  1863,  Martin  L.,  born  Nov.  14,  1859,  diedAug. 
29,  1S60,  Glasgow  E.,  born  Aug.  14,  1861,  Elijah  M., 
bom  Oct.  22,  1863,  Ralph  A.,  born  Jan.  12,  1867. 
Members  of  the  U.  P.  Church..  Own  320  acres  of  land, 
well  improved,  valued  at  $20,000.  In  the  Spring  of 
1847  came  to  the  county  and  rented  for  two  years,  and 
in  the  Fall  of  1849  purchased  the  land  where  be  now 
resides. 

Patton  T.  E.  farmer.  P.  O.  Smlllivllle. 
Pattou  Samuel  S.  farmer,  P.  O.  TrlvoH. 

PIXKERTON  ELIZA  Mrs,  farmer,  Sec. 
10,  P.  O.  Summerville. 

PInkerton  J.  A.  farmer,  P.  O.  Summerville. 
PiDkertou  J.  P.  farmer,  P.  U.  Suitlivllle. 
PInkerton  L.  W.  Mrs.  post  miUter,  P.  O.  SummerTlUe. 
Potter  K.  £.  farmer.  P.  o.  Smlttivllle. 

KESLNGER  JOHN,  blacksmith  and  farmer. 
Sec.  32,  P.  O.  Smithville. 

KICHAltDSON  JA3IES,  farmer  and  stock- 
raiser.  Sec.  l6,  P.  O.  Smithville;  is  the  son  of  Henry 
and  Martha  (McCibben)  Richardson,  mother  native  of 
Kentucky  and  father  of  Virginia.  They  emigrated 
from  Highland  county,  Ohio,  in  1S43,  and  located  in 
Elmwood  township,  where  they  lived  until  their  death. 
James  was  born  in  Highland  county,  Ohio,  August  3, 
1819 ;  was  bred  and  educated  a  farmer,  with  limited 
school  opportunities.  Married  Miss  Mary,  daughter 
of  Andrew  and  Abigal  Hart,  born  December  4,  1821. 
She  died  August  18,  1849,  leaving  five  children  — 
Martha  |.,  born  January  7,  1842  (and  died  April, 
1879) ;  William  M.,  born  Feb.  8,  1843 ;  Abbie  E.,  born 
Nov.  4.  1844;  MoUie  M..  born  Oct.  2,  1846;  Jas,  F., 
born  Jan.  31,  1849.  Mf-  ^-  married  Miss  Nancy  Parr, 
June  27,  1850.  She  was  born  in  county  Cavan,  Ire- 
land, Feb.  10,  1828.  She  died  May  :7,  1S71.  They 
had  ten  children,  six  living — Margaret,  born  Feb.  20, 
1851,  and  died  Aug.  20,  1851 ;  Carrie,  born  January  14, 
1853  ;  Alice,  born  August  13,  1855  ;  Angle,  born  Sep- 
tember 3,  1857;  Henry  G.,  bom  Nov.  I,  1859,  died 
April  19,  i860;  John  A.  born  April  II,  1861;  Lou  E., 
born  March  II,  1864;  Myrtle,  born  Oct.  22,  1866; 
Nannie,  born  June  30,  16&9,  died  March  ;,  1877.  One 
died  in  infancy.  Mr.  R.  came  to  the  county  in  1839, 
purchased  land  and  then  returned  to  Ohio  and  remained 
two  years,  and  in  1841  brought  his  family  to  the  coun- 
ty and  has  resided  in  the  township  since.     Has   230 


acres  of  land  under  good  cultivation,  valued  at  $l3,oooi 

Had  one  son  in  the  86th  I.  V.  I. 

Kunkle  J.  J.  farmer,  P.  u.  .SummrrTllle. 
t>aunderi»  Jacob,  farmer.  P.  u.  Smithville. 

SHEPHERD  XELSON,  famier  and   stock- 
raiser.  Sec.  3,  P.  O.  Smithville. 
SMITH  B.  I),  farmer.  Sec.  17,  P.  O.  Trivoli. 

Smith  J.  W.  farmer,  P.  o.  Smllhrlllt 
SmUli  Jno.  W.  farmer.  P.  U.  SmIlbTllle. 

S3IITH    R.  L.  farmer  and  stock  raiser.  Sec  23, 
P.  O.  Smithville. 
Smim  Tlios.  C.  farmer,  P.  o.  SmlthTllle. 

SMITH  WM.  HUSTOX  (deceased),  farmer. 
Sec.  25,  P.  O.  Smithville.  Was  born  in  Flemming 
county,  Ky.,  on  the  6th  of  February,  1816.  In  1835 
came  to  Fulton  county.  III.,  with  his  parents,  and  fol- 
lowed farming  for  two  years  and  then  came  to  Peoria 
county.  Married  Miss  Nancy  White,  daughter  of  Isle 
W'hite.  She  was  born  on  the  18th  day  of  December, 
1821.  They  were  the  parents  of  seven  children,  five 
boys  and  two  girls.  He  was  a  consistent  member  of 
the  United  Presbyterian  Church.  Held  several  local 
offices  in  the  township.     He  died  in  December,   1859. 

SOUDER  JACOB,  farmer,  P.  O.  Smithville 
Sec  29,  Son  of  William  and  Nancy  (Adams)  Souder,' 
natives  of  Pa.,  was  born  in  Cumberland  Co.,  Aug.  6, 
1827.  Was  apprenticed  to  the  carpenter  trade,  which 
he  followed  for  twenty-five  years.  In  1S64,  came  to 
Logan  township.  Married  Miss  Elizabeth,  the  daugh- 
ter of  Jesse  Matthews  of  Perry  Co.,  Pa.  She  was  born 
in  the  same  county  Feb.  6,  1828.  There  were  ten 
children,  four  girls  and  two  boys  living.  Has  266  acres 
of  land,  240  improved,  valued  at  $11,000.  Three 
younger  brothers  were  in  the  Union  army, one  of  which 
was  in  three  years,  rc-inlisted  and  was  taken  prisoner, 
and  died  in  Andersonville  prison. 

.Stanley  I.  farmer.  P.  o.  Smithville. 
Staulfer  John.  farmiT.  P.  o.  Smithville. 
Stewart  KdwarU,  farmer,  P.  O.  Trlvoll. 

STEWART  JOHN,  farmer,  P.   O.   Smithville, 

Sec.  2y.     Son  of  Wilson  and  Mary  (Mitchell)  Stewart, 

natives  of   Pennsylvania.     Mr.    Stewart    was    born    in 

Highland  Co.,  Ohio,  March    21,  1817.     Was  reared  to 

the  trade  of  a  saddler.     In    1844   came   overland   with 

teams,  making  the  trip  in  about  two  weeks,  and  located 

on  the    place  where    he    now    resides.     Married   Miss 

Hannah   M.,  daughter   of  John    and    Nancy    Turbelt. 

She  was  born  in  Ohio,  March  3,    1829.     Four  children 

blessed  their  union,  two  boys  and  one  girl  living.  Mrs. 

S.  died  Dec.  4,  1862.    Mrs.  S.  was  a  consistent  member 

of  the    Presbyterian    Church,    and   greatly    loved  and 

respected.     Mr.  S.  has  held  several  local    offices  in   the 

township.     Owns  eighty  acres  of   land   well   improved 

and  valued  at  $4,ooa 

HIrnnri  .1.  M.  fnruiiT.  P.  O.  TrlvoU. 
Slrniirt  M»r)    faniiiT.  P.  U.  Trivull. 
st<-«ari  Win.  II.  farmer.  P.  o.  Smilbrllle. 
SllmvUliK  Michael,  laruit-r,  P.  O.  Paaa  ludfc. 


i-% 


JAMES  RICHARDSON 

LOGAN    TP. 


?     ' 


JAMES   B.MILLER 

LOGAN    TP. 


.^^i*'  ■*flfe' 


JAMES    MONROE 

LIMESTONE  TP. 


.tf^J'tSHft'i 


JAMES  H.PATTERSON 

LOGAN    TP. 


I 


LOGAN   DIRECTORY. 


795 


STRATTON  WILLIAM  (deceased),  late 
res.  .Sec.  6,  P.  O.  Smithville.  Was  born  in  county 
Kerry,  Ireland,  on  the  25th  day  of  March,  17SS,  and 
immigrated  to  the  United  States  on  the  15th  day  of  Oct. 
1816,  landed  in  New  York  and  followed  the  dairy  busi- 
ness there  for  several  years.  Married  Sarah,  daughter 
of  Joseph  Clayton  of  New  York  city,  where  she  was 
born  Dec.  2,  1S05.  Came  to  Peoria  Co.,  111.,  in  1S37. 
and  located  in  Logan  township,  where  he  remained 
until  his  death  whch  occurred  on  the  29th  day  of  Feb. 
1880,  at  the  age  of  ninety-one  years,  eleven  months  and 
six  days.  Mr.  S.  lived  an  upright  life  and  was  honored 
and  respected.  They  were  the  parents  of  eleven  child- 
ren, ten  are  still  living,  viz.,  Mary  A.,  born  March  26, 
1825,  died  Feb.  28,  l86t  ;  Eliza,  born  Jan.  13, 
1827  ;  William,  born  April  28,  1829;  James,  born  Nov. 
3,  1833  ;  Richard,  born  Dec.  30,  1835  ;  Thomas,  born 
Feb.  7,  1838;  Sarah,  born  Sept.  21,  1840;  Jane  born 
July  iS,  1841  ;  Emeline,  born  June  12,  1843;  Clara 
born  May  5,  1S45  ;  Joseph,  born  March  7,  1S50.  Mr. 
S.  left  an  estate  of  2S0  acres  of  land.  Valued  at  $15,- 
000. 

TAMPLIN  JOHX  W.  blacksmith,  P.  O. 
Smithville.  Is  the  son  of  Benjamin  Tamplin  and  Marinda 
Woodruff,  who  immigrated  to  this  county  in  1836-37, 
and  located  in  Peoria  when  it  was  a  small  village,  and 
followed  the  cooper  trade  for  a  number  of  years.  There 
John  W.  was  born,  on  the  22d  of  P'ebruary,  1852,  and 
when  fifteen  years  old  commenced  to  learn  the  black- 
smith trade,  which  he  followed  in  the  city  until  1S74, 
then  came  to  Smithville,  and  still  continues  in  the  same 
business.  Married  Miss  Jennie,  daughter  of  Robert 
Crawford.  She  was  born  in  Springfield,  Sangamon 
county.  111.,  in  1B54.  Have  one  child,  Effie,  born  Sept. 
15,  1878. 

Tamplin  J.  blacksmith,  P.  O.  .SmitUvUle. 
TIPTOX  F.  M.  U.  S.  ganger,  P.  O.  Smithville. 

TURBETT  JAMES  A.  farmer  and  stock- 
raiser.  Sec.  26,  P.  O.  Smithville.  Is  a  son  of  John  and 
Nancy  (Batey)  Turbett,  natives  of  Pennsylvania.  Came 
to  Illinois  in  1840,  and  located  in  Logan  township, 
when  James  A.  was  six  years  old.  He  was  born  in 
Fayette  county,  C,  May  31,  1S34.  Was  reared  and 
educated  a  farmer.  Married  Nancy,  daughter  of 
Andrew  Parr.  She  was  born  April  25,  1838.  Five 
children  are  the  result  of  their  marriage,  two  of  whom 
are  living.  Owns  335  acres  of  land,  260  acres  under 
good  cultivation,  valued  at  $20,000.  Mr.  T.  was  a  poor 
boy,  and  made  his  start  working  by  the  month. 

Turbett  .r.  B.  farmer,  P.  O.  Smilhvilli-. 
Turbett  W,  .s,  farmer.  P.  O.  Smithville. 
Tuttle  A.  O.  farmer,  P.  O.  Trlvoll. 

VANARSDALL,  JOHN,  farmer.  Sec.  3.  I' 
O.  Summerville.  Is  the  son  of  Isaac  and  Nancy 
(Young)  Vanarsdall.     Natives  of  Maryland.     Came  to 


this  county  in  1835,  and  located  in  Rosefield  township. 
There  were  five  children  in  his  family,  of  whom  Mr.  V. 
was  the  second  son,  and  was  born  in  Washington 
county,  Md.,  on  the  2gth  day  of  June,  1814.  Farming 
has  been  his  occupation  through  life.  Married  Eliza- 
beth, daughter  of  Ayliff  and  Margaret  -Shepard,  born 
in  Green  county.  Pa.,  Nov.  24,  1822.  They  had  five 
children,  two  still  living :  Margaret  A.,  now  Mrs. 
Harrison  Reed  ;  Mattie,  now  Mrs.  Ephraim  Yinger. 
Had  one  son  in  the  77th  I.  V.  I.,  Co.  C,  who  died  at 
Memphis.  Homestead  embraces  200  acres  of  land, 
150  under  good  cultivation,  and  valued  at  $10,000. 
Mr.  V.  made  rails  the  first  year  after  coming  to  the 
county  for  fifty  cents  per  hundred,  and  the  following 
Winter  paid  $14  for  a  barrel  of  flour.  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
V.  are  members  of  the  M.  E.  Church. 

Wasson  G.,  P.  O.  Smithville. 

West  James,  farmer.  P.  O.  Smithville. 

WEST  JOSEPH,  farmer.  Sec.  23,  P.  O.  Smith- 
viUe. 

West  Wm.  fanner.  P.  O.  Smithville. 

WHITE  J.  G.  farmer  and  stock  raiser,  Sec.  23, 
P.  O.  Smithville. 
Whitlow  J.  A.  farmer.  P.  O.  Pass  Ridge 

WHITLOW  W.  W.  farmer,  Sec.  31,  P.  O. 
Pass  Ridge.  Son  of  William  and  Ann  Whitlow,  nte 
Wright,  who  came  to  Illinois  in  1832,  and  located  in 
Vermillion  county,  and  later  removed  to  Peoria  county, 
where  the  subject  of  this  sketch  was  born,  Dec.  7,  1843. 
Was  reared  on  a  farm  and  enjoyed  only  moderate 
school  advantages.  Married  Miss  Priscilla  J.  Franks, 
who  was  born  in  this  county  in  1853.  Their  family 
consists  of  three  children,  two  boys  and  a  girl.  Mr.  W. 
enlisted  in  the  32d  I.  V.  I.  Co.  I,  Col.  John  Logan,  was 
in  the  service  three  years  and  ten  months,  and  was  at 
the  engagements  of  Shiloh,  Bentonville,  S.  C,  Cham- 
pion Hills,  the  siege  and  capture  of  Vicksburg,  march 
to  the  sea  and  Jonesboro'.  Was  in  sixteen  general  en- 
gagements. While  in  the  service  received  two  wounds, 
one  in  the  hand  and  one  on  the  top  of  the  head,  just 
grazing  the  scalp.  Has  240  acres  of  land,  valued  at 
$7,000. 

WILEY  JOHN  P.  farmer,  Sec.  3.  P.  O.  Sum- 
merville. Son  of  Samuel  and  Sarah  (McCuUough) 
Wiley,  natives  of  Ohio,  who  immigrated  to  Peoria 
county  in  1852,  and  located  in  Logan  township  on  the 
section  where  John  now  resides.  Father  died  Feb., 
1877  ;  mother  still  living.  Mr.  W.  was  born  in  Miami 
county,  Ohio,  on  the  22d  day  of  Sept.,  1835,  and  was 
reared  and  educated  a  farmer.  Married  Miss  Mary  E., 
daughter  of  John  Runkle,  a  native  of  New  York  State. 
She  was  born  in  Peoria  county  in  1839.  Has  eighty- 
eight  and  a  half  acres  of  land,  all  under  good  cultiva- 
tion, valued  at  $4,500.       Are    members   of  the    U.  P. 


796 


HISTORY  OF   PEORIA  COUKTY. 


Church.  He  enlisted  in  the  77th  regiment  I.  V.  I.  Co. 
C,  in  1862,  and  served  three  years.  Was  at  the  siege 
and  capture  of  Vicksburg,  Arkansas  Post,  and  also  on 


the  Red  River  Expedition,  etc, 
bile,  Ala. 

Wllpy  Win.  fmnner,  V.  O.  Sammerrtllai 
WoDdrr  UIJooo.  farincr.  y.  o.  BmUhrllla. 


Mustered  out  at  Mo- 


MEDINA    TOWNSHIP. 


Allen  A.  K.  farmer.  P.  O.  .Southampton. 
Allfii  w.  11.  farmer.  1*.  o.  SiiiittiamptoD. 
Atkln<«un  Jos.  retired,  res.  M<'HSVllle. 
Ilc.ylan  1".  f;>rtner,  I".  O.  .Mossvllle. 
lioyl.111  Tlios.  farmer,  i*.  O.  Mossvllle. 
Briea  M.  firmer.  I".  O.  ClilUlcothe. 

BRISTOL  JOHX  E.  (armer.  Sec.  i3.  P.  O. 
Alta,  was  bom  in  Oswego  county,  N.  Y.,  April  26, 
iS:2,  and  is  the  son  of  John  Bristol  and  Sarah  Eno. 
His  father  was  born  April  17.  1777,  and  was  a  native 
of  Connecticut,  and  his  mother  was  born  December  5, 
17S9,  and  died  September  13,  1871.  He  was  raised 
upon  his  father's  farm  in  his  native  county  till  eighteen 
years  old,  when  he  came  to  Illinois,  and  settling  in 
Timber  township,  of  Peoria  county,  rented  a  farm  and 
worked  it  for  one  and  a  half  years,  removing  March 
14,  1S32,  to  a  farm  on  section  22,  of  Medina  township, 
where  he  resided  for  the  same  length  of  time,  and 
where  he  married  May  3,  1835,  Annie  Martin,  born  in 
Illinois,  November  9^  1817.  In  the  following  year  he 
came  to  his  present  farm,  which  was  then  raw,  unim- 
proved land,  and  has  ever  since  worked  and  resided 
upon  it.  Fourteen  children  have  been  born  to  them  ; 
eleven  are  now  alive — George,  born  June  29.  1836; 
Emeline,  born  February  12,  1838  ;  Sarah,  born  Decem- 
ber  29,  1839,  died  September  10,  1846;  John  Martin, 
born  September  t6.  1841  ;  Cyrus,  born  September  17, 
1843;  Richard  and  Davis,  (twins,)  born  October  17, 
1845;  James,  born  October  20,  1847  ;  Mary,  born  Aug- 
ust 28,  1850,  died  January  10,  1863  ;  Alviu  and  .■\Iinon, 
(twins,)  born  March  25,  1853  ;  Martin,  born  November 
18,  1858  ;  Ida,  born  March  25,  i860 ;  and  Sarah  Madora, 
born  June  29,  1862,  and  died  the  lirst  week  in  June, 
1864.  Mrs.  Uristol  died  January  17,  1863,  and  he  mar- 
ried December  2,  1869,  Mrs.  Augusta  Penny,  daughter 
of  Almerious  Clark,  of  Sackett's  Harbor,  JeflTcrson 
county,  N.  Y.,  and  who  was  born  February  11,  1818. 
He  has  eighty  acres  of  land  in  home  farm,  worth  about 
$55  an  acre.  His  children  are  scattered  all  over  the 
Western  States,  engaged  in  faiming  and  other  occupa- 
tions. In  1832  Mr.  Uristol  was  a  volunteer  in  the 
lilackhawk  war  ;  was  in  Stillman's  defeat  at  .Sycamore, 
and  served  sixty  days  in  the  field.  Two  of  his  sons, 
Cyrus  and  James,  served  as  piivates  for  about  (ive 
months,  in  Company  B,  7th  I.  V.  I.,  during  the  late 
war,  and  were  mustered  out  at  its  close.  Mr.  Bristol 
was  for  twelve  years  justice  of  the  peace,  and  for  about 
same   length   of  time   school    treasurer  of   township. 


Assessed  the  township  four  times,  and  is  in  politics  a 
Greenbacker. 

Cinly  James,  railroad  laborer,  res.  McasTllla. 
Carroll  t'brUtv  Mr».  farmer,  P.  O.  Rome. 
Carroll  Ann  Mrs.  farmer,  P.  U.  Rome. 
Cue  A.  M.  farmer.  P.  O.  Alu. 

CASE  IMKI  W.  farmer.  Sec.  30,  P.  O.  Alta, 
was  born  in  Oswego  county,  N.  Y.,  May  4,  181S,  and  is 
the  eldest  son  and  second  child  of  Imri  and  Chloe  A. 
Case,  natives  of  same  county.  When  about  twelve 
years  of  age  his  father  died,  and  in  1S36  the  family  re- 
moved to  Illinois,  settling  in  Medina  township,  of 
Peoria  county,  where  they  bought  land  on  sections  29 
and  30,  and  went  to  farming.  In  September,  1845,  he 
married  in  Oswego  county,  N.  Y.,  Miss  Selina  Howe, 
daughter  of  Newell  Howe  and  Jane  Snyder,  natives  of 
that  county;  who  was  born  there  December  4,  1827. 
Mrs.  Case  died  October  9.  1S51,  leaving  behind  her  two 
children  —  Ensley  J.,  born  August  20,  1S4S,  and  Clar- 
ence E.,  born  .\pril  I,  1851.  They  still  live  and  carry 
on  business  in  Alta;  the  elder  as  commission  merchant 
and  the  younger  as  post  master,  station  agent,  telegraph 
operator,  etc.  His  son  Ensley  J.,  married  February  2, 
1S70,  Miss  Georgina  Edgett,  daughter  of  Geo.  Edgett 
and  Jane  M.  Stebblns,  natives  of  New  York,  by  whom 
he  has  had  five  children,  three  now  living —  Morris  W., 
Wlllard  S.  and  Florence  G.  His  son  Clarence  E.  was 
married  January  I,  1874,  to  Miss  Julia  B.  Schnebley, 
daughter  of  Geo.  W.  Schnebley  and  Margaret  Cox,  of 
Mossville,  by  whom  he  has  had  two  children.  Mr. 
Case  owns  about  140  acres  of  land  in  home  farm,  and 
about  1,050  acres  of  other  Land,  almost  all  prairie, 
which  he  rents  out.  Was  for  four  years  justice  of  the 
peace  in  the  early  days  of  the  township,  and  has  also 
filled  the  offices  of  supervisor,  school  trustee  and  direc- 
tor.    Is  in  politics  a  Democrat. 

CASE  JEKOME  II.  farmer,  Sec.  30,  P.  O. 
Alia,  was  horn  in  Oswego  county,  N.  V.,  April  29, 
1821,  and  is  the  fourth  child  uf  Imri  Case  and  Chloe 
Ann  Hawley.  His  father  was  a  native  of  Connecticut, 
bom  January  23,  1779.  and  his  mother  of  Vermont, 
born  April  13,  1784.  His  father  died  in  the  Stale  of 
New  York,  October  24,  1 830,  and  six  years  later  the 
family  came  to  Peoria  county,  settling  on  section  30,  of 
•Medina  township.  .'\  claim  was  bought  and  vigorous 
work  was  freely  expended  upon  it,  and  the  farm   thus 


il 


MEDINA  DIRECTORY. 


797 


made  still  remains  in  the  possession  of  the  family.  Mr. 
Case  married  November  i6,  1845,  Miss  Maria  Howe, 
daughter  of  Newell  Howe  and  Jane  Snyder,  natives  of 
Oswego  county,  N.  Y.,  who  was  born  in  that  county 
May  25,  1822,  by  whom  he  has  had  five  children,  all 
now  living  —  Albert  N.,  born  November  3,  1846; 
Charles  M.,  born  November  23,  1847  ;  Clara  E.,  born 
May  30,  1849  ;  Flora  J.,  born  October  11,  1852  ;  and 
Irving  J.,  born  April  7,  1S60.  Mr.  Case's  mother  died 
on  the  old  homestead  in  Medina,  October  14,  1853. 
His  family  have  all  grown  to  man  and  womanhood  and 
reside  in  the  neighborhood.  His  wife  died  April  6, 
1870,  and  he  married  December  16,  1S74,  Miss  Jennie 
Snyder,  cousin  to  his  first  wife,  who  was  born  in  Oswe- 
go county,  N.  Y..  March  16,  1842.  He  owns  200  acres 
prairie  land  in  home  farm  and  eighty  acres  under  tim- 
ber. Has  been  many  years  a  school  director.  Mrs. 
Case  is  a  member  of  M.  E.  Church  of  Glyndale,  in 
Radnor  township. 

Clark  A.  farmer.  P.  O.  .\Ita. 

Cle.avpr  Davitl.  g.lrdener,  res.  Mossville. 

Cline  Wm.  tai  mer,  P.  O.  Alta. 

Cox  John,  farmer.  P.  O.  (Millllcothe. 

Cramer  G.  F.  farmer.  P.  o.  Alta. 

CRAWL  JOHN,  farmer,  and  hotel-keeper, 
res.  Mossville,  was  born  in  Fayette  county.  Pa.,  M.irch 
16,  1815,  and  was  raised  in  Washington  county,  in  the 
same  State,  until  twenty-two  years  of  age  ;  is  the  son 
of  John  Crawl,  who  was  born  near  Hagerstown,  Md., 
and  Mary  Short,  born  of  Scotch  parents  near  Browns- 
ville, Pa.  His  father  died  in  Farmington,  Fulton 
county.  111.,  in  July,  1856,  and  his  mother  in  1870, 
He  came  to  Illinois  in  the  Spring  of  183S,  and  settled 
in  Richwoods  township,  Peoria  county,  where  he 
farmed  and  worked  at  his  trade  of  carpenter.  Mar- 
ried April  7,  1842,  Sarah,  daughter  of  Charles  and 
Sarah  Kemble,  natives  of  Stokes  county,  N.  C,  who 
was  born  September  7,  1813,  by  whom  he  has  had 
seven  children,  six  now  living  :  James  \V.,  born  Octo- 
ber 7,  1843,  died  April  16,  1847;  Isaac  N.,  born 
November  9,  1845  ;  John  W.,  born  March  13,  1848  ; 
Melinda  E.,  born  October  16,1849;  Sarah  A.,  born 
January  26,  1852;  Charles  C,  born  April  6,  1854,  and 
Columbus  B.,  born  March  27,  1S58.  He  came  from 
Richwoods  township  to  Mossville  in  March,  1865,  and 
bought  his  present  property,  which  had  been  used  as 
a  hotel  for  two  years  previous,  and  he  has  carried  on 
the  business  ever  since.  It  is  the  only  house  of  enter- 
tainment in  the  village,  is  clean  and  well  kept,  and 
fully  meets  the  wants  of  all  weary  travelers.  He  also 
owns  twenty  acres  of  land  contiguous  to  the  village, 
which  he  cultivates  to  raise  fruit  and  vegetables.  He 
has  been  for  some  years  a  school  director,  and  is  in 
politics  an  old  time  Democrat. 

CCTLIP  JOHN,  farmer.  Sec.  9,  P.  O.  Moss- 
ville, was  born  in  Pike  county,  O.,  May  15,  1842,  and  is 
the  son   of  John   Cutlip    and   Caroline    Cruickshank. 


His  mother  was  a  native  of  Virginia,  and  resides  in 
Medina  township.  His  father  died  before  his  birth. 
When  very  young  he  moved  with  his  mother  to  Wis- 
consin, and  after  a  short  residence  there,  removed  to 
Iowa,  thence  back  to  Wisconsin,  and  finally,  in  i860, 
to  Illinois,  settling  in  Medina  township,  of  Peoria 
county,  where  he  has  ever  since  resided.  He  married 
June  18,  1865,  Nancy  Jane  Cox,  who  was  born  in  Indi- 
ana in  1843,  by  whom  he  had  two  children  :  Alva,  born 
November  iS,  1S67,  and  Edna  Jane,  born  August  I. 
1872,  who  died  when  nine  weeks  old.  His  wife  died 
August  21,  1S72,  and  he  married  July  2,  1878,  Minnie 
Jane  Hankins,  daughter  of  Ezekiel  Hankins  and  Mar- 
garet Young,  who  was  born  near  El  Paso,  111.,  April 
21,  1861,  by  whom  he  has  one  child,  Arthur,  born  June 
3,  1879.  Mr.  Cutlip  has  been  eight  years  upon  his 
present  farm,  and  owns  about"fifty-five  acres  land, 
twenty  acres  of  which  is  bluff  and  the  rest  prairie  land. 

Dlcken.son  .Tane  Mrs.  farmer,  P.  O.  Mossville. 
nickerson  R.  li.  farmer.  P.  O.  Mossville. 
Dickson  William  S.  farmer,  P.  O.  Mossville. 
Dickson  S.  W.  farmer.  P.  O.  Mossville. 

ERNST    ALBERT,     farmer.    Sec.    5,   P.   O. 
Southampton,  was  born   in   Hesse,  Germany,   Novem- 
ber 20,  1819,  and  is  the  son  of  Peter  Ernst  and  Cath- 
erine Bauman,  both   of  whom  were  natives  of  Hesse. 
After  receiving  his  education,  he  worked  in  a  woolen 
factory  till   about   twenty-four   years  of  age,  when,  in 
company  with  his  brother  John,  he  came  to   America, 
landing  at   New  York,  June   II,  1843.     For   the    next 
eighteen  months  he  remained  in  New  York  City,  then 
went  to  St.  Louis,  and  from  thence  to  Springfield,  111., 
where,  in  May,  1845,  he  enlisted  in  Company  G.,  Rich- 
mond Mounted  Rifles,  and  served  for  two  years  in  the 
Mexican  war,  taking  part  in  the  battles  of   Contreras, 
City  of  Mexico,  and   many  others  of  the  campaign. 
Was  mustered  out  at  Jefterson  Barracks,  St.  Louis,  in 
July  1848,  and  directly  afterwards  came  to  Peoria  City, 
where   he   married    March   19,   1849,  Teresa  Miller,  a 
native  of    Alsace,  France,  who  came  to  America  with 
her   parents,  February  iS,  1S47.     She  was  born   Feb- 
ruary 8,    1828,    and  has   presented  him   with  thirteen 
children  ;    Mary,  now  Mrs.  Wilhelm,  born   January  g, 
1850  ;  Theresa,  now  Mrs.  Backus,  born  March  20,  1851; 
Albert,  born  November  9,  1S53;  Catherine,  now   Mrs. 
Knoblock,  born  February  13,  1856  ;  Joseph,  born  Feb- 
ruary   7,   1858  ;     Matilda,   now    Mrs.    Williams,   born 
January  20,  1859;  Josephine,  now  Mrs.  Wagener,  born 
January  22,   1861  ;  Amaly,  born  November  30,  1863  ; 
John,  born  October  l8,  1865  ;  Robert,  born  September 
2,  1867;    Bertha,  born   August  6,  1869;    Annie,  bom 
November   9,   1S71,    and   Julian,   born    February    16, 
1876.     In  the   July   after   his    marriage   he   came    to 
Medina  township,  and  settled  on  his  present  location  ; 
owns  373  acres  of  land  in  Peoria  county   (170  acres  of 
which  is  prairie),  and  160  acres  in  Champaign  county. 


798 


niSTORY   OF   PEOHIA   COINTY. 


Illinois.     Mis  present  fine  farm  w»s  raw  land  when  he 

came  to  it,  and  all  the  existing  improvemrnis  Ijave  been 

•xecuted  by  his  own  hand.     He  has  filled  Ihc  ufticc  of 

school   director,  and  is,  and  always  was,  a  Democrat. 

Himself,  wife  and  family  are  members  of  Ihc  Catholic 

Chnrch. 

Huuon  Thos.  Mr«.  farmer  P.  o.  Alta.  * 
Harxadint*  —  farmer.  I'.  O.  Dunlap. 
Harwuwl  c.  farmer.  P.  O.  Alta. 
HIclu  L.  farmer.  P.  <).  Chlllleottae. 
Uoffman  Jotiu.  farmer,  res.  MussvlUe. 

HOLMES  JOHN,  farmer.  Sec.  29,  is  the  sec- 
ond of  a  family  of  two  sons  and  two  daughters,  of 
George  and  Nancy  Holmes,  nee  Donaldson,  and  was 
bom  in  the  county  of  Londonderry,  Ireland,  in  1824  ; 
came  with  parents  to  the  United  States  in  1827 ;  lived 
in  Broome  county,  N.  V.,  until  1835  :  came  thence  to 
Peoria  county.  III.,  and  settled  at  Mount  Holly.  Mr. 
H.'s  educational  opportunities  were  very  meager,  hav- 
ing only  attended  school  four  months  after  he  was  ten 
years  of  age.  He  labored  at  home  on  the  farm  until 
twenty-eight  years  old,  regardless  of  any  stipulated 
compensation.  In  1853  married  Lydia  A.  Chambers, 
who  was  born  in  Indiana,  in  1835.  They  settled  on 
the  section  where  they  now  reside,  his  father  having 
presented  Mr.  H.  with  a  tax  title  to  one  quarter,  the 
patent  (or  which  John  afterwards  bought.  Mr.  Holmes' 
attention  has  been  devoted  solely  to  agriculture,  in 
which  pursuit  he  has  been  more  than  ordinarily  success- 
ful, and  now  owns  1500  acres  of  improved  lands,  free 
from  debt,  in  Peoria  and  Marshall  counties.  For 
thirty-two  consecutive  years,  Mr.  H.  has  filled  some 
local  office  ;  served  five  years  supervisor  from  Medina  ; 
has  been  assessor  twelve  years,  which  office  he  now 
holds,  and  Was  twice  elected  collector.  Politically,  he 
is  a  staunch  Democrat,  but  not  so  radical  as  to  ignore 
principles  and  men  for  party.  Their  family  consists  of 
seven  sons  and  three  daughters,  two  of  the  latter  now 
being  married,  and  living  in  Peoria  county.  Mr. 
Holmes'  mother  died  in  1847,  and  father  in  1873. 
While  ready  to  indorse  every  movement  for  the  social 
and  moral  weal  of  society,  Mr.  H.  belongs  to  no  or- 
ganization of  any  sort. 

BoDui  Waldo,  farmer,  P.  o.  Dunlap. 

HOUGH  THOMA.S,  farmer.  Sec.  27,  P.  O 
Mossville,  was  bom  September  li,  1826,  in  Bucks 
county.  Pa.,  and  is  the  son  of  Robert  Hough,  a  native 
of  Bucks  county.  Pa.,  and  Mary  Kvans,  a  n.itive  of 
Montgomery  county.  Pa.  He  grew  to  manhoo<l  on  his 
father's  farm,  and  married  in  1850  Isabel  Polk,  daughter 
of  James  Polk  and  Eliia  Wallace,  natives  of  Bucks 
county,  who  was  bom  August  26,  1826,  by  whom  he 
had  three  children:  Robert,  horn  October  6.  1851: 
Samuel,  born  May,  1853,  died  January,  1850,  and 
Isabel,  born  July  23,  1854.  Mrs.  Hough  died  Aug- 
ust, I,  1854,  and  five  yean   later  he  came  to  Illinois, 


settling  in  Radnor,  township  of  Peoria  county,  where 
he  firmed  for  two  years,  and  married  November  9, 
1S62,  Hannah  Mary  Chamberlain,  the  daughter  of 
Horton  Chamberlain  and  Jane  Dickinson,  natives  of 
Indiana.  She  was  bora  in  Switzerland  county,  of  that 
State.  January  29,  1837.  By  this  union  they  have  had 
four  children:  Mary,  born  November  27,  1863.  died 
September  3,  1S64  ;  Flizabelh,  bora  February  26, 
1867,  died  August  12,  l?67  ;  John  C,  born  March  19, 
1869;  Charles  F.,  born  December  12.  1872.  In  1862 
Mr.  H.  removed  from  Radnor  to  Medina  township, 
and  settled  on  his  present  farm,  consisting  of  250  acres 
of  land,  about  80  acres  of  which  are  under  timber,  and 
worth,  on  an  average,  $45  an  acre.  His  mother  died 
March  10,  1S76,  aged  76,  at  Doylestown,  Pa.,  and  his 
father  died  in  1845  at  the  age  of  55.  on  the  old  farm 
near  the  same  place.  Mr.  Hough  with  his  wife  and 
daughter  are  members  of  the  Baptist  Church  at  Moss- 
viUe. 

LOVE  J.\MES,  farmer.  Sec.  2,  P.  O.  Chilli- 
cothe,  was  bora  December  22,  1812,  and  is  the  son  of 
George  Love  and  .Mary  Grabbs.  His  early  years  were 
passed  in  Indiana,  and  in  November,  1S24,  he  came 
with  his  parents  to  Peoria  county,  and  after  a  stay  of 
about  a  month  at  Fort  Clark,  came  on  to  what  is  now 
Medina  township,  and  were  the  first  to  settle  within  its 
bounds.  Daniel  Prince,  at  Princeville,  was  the  only 
settler  between  them  and  Peoria,  and  he  left  the  same 
county  in  Indiana  (Parke  county),  as  they  did,  only 
about  seven  months  ahead  of  them.  They  settled  at 
first  on  land  near  Mossville.  and  in  1829  removed  to  the 
farm  in  Sec.  23,  now  occupied  by  Moses  Neal,  where 
they  remained  until  1S39.  In  1S32  the  family  was 
broken  up,  some  going  further  West,  and  others  taking 
up  farms  of  tneir  own  in  the  township.  Mr.  James 
Love  went  to  Galena,  and  worked  at  the  mines  and  at 
butchering  for  about  twenty-six  months,  and  then  re- 
turning to  his  township,  started  farming  on  Sec.  18, 
living  for  ten  years  with  Thos.  B.  Reed,  and  on 
March  23,  1847,  he  married  Amy  Wilkinson,  daughter 
of  William  Wilkinson  and  Elizabeth  Nichols.  Her 
father  was  a  native  of  N.  Carolina,  and  her  mother  of 
Green  Briar  county,  Va.  She  was  born  in  Ross 
county,©.,  February  15,  1827,  and  came  to  Medina 
township  with  her  parents  in  1846.  They  have  had 
thirteen  children,  seven  of  whom  arc  now  alive : 
Henry,  bom  in  1847  ;  George,  bora  June  7,  1848; 
Charles,  born  October  29,  1 849.  died  August  II,  1859  ; 
William,  bom  March  23.  1S51  ;  Elizabeth,  born  Feb- 
ruary  19,  1856,  died  January  19,  1859;  Alice,  bora 
May  14,  1858;  Emma,  born  July  29,  1861  ;  Clayton, 
born  April  24,  1863  ;  I.aura,  born  May  i,  1865,  died 
March  25,  1867;  Leonard,  bora  June  9,  1867,  and 
three  others  who  died  in  infancy.  His  father  died 
June   II,   I  S3 1.     Three  of  his  tons  and  one  daughter 


MEDINA  DIRECTORY. 


799 


reside  with  him.     He  owns  78  acres  fine  farming  land, 

all  under  good  cultivation. 

Kuhn  C.  Mrs.  farmer.  P.  o.  Dunlap 
Kuhn  Fred,  farmer.  P.  O.  Dimlap. 
Malrs  Mary  A.  res.  Mossville. 

MALLEN  HESTRY,  farmer,  Sec.  2.  P.  O. 
Rome,  was  born  in  county  Meath,  Ireland,  in  1827,  and 
came  to  America  in  1852,  landing  at  New  York,  where 
he  resided  one  year,  and  came  to  Illinois  in  1S53,  set- 
tling in  Aurora,  Kendall  county,  for  two  years,  and 
then  coming  to  Peoria  county,  where  he  has  since  re- 
sided. He  married,  January  i6,  1856,  Miss  Mary 
Mooney,  who  was  born  in  the  city  of  New  York,  May 
18, 1833.  by  whom  has  nine  children  :  Helena  Teresa, 
born  January  11,  1857  ;  John  Edward,  born 
June  24,  1858 ;  Catharine,  born  Aug.  28,  i860 ; 
Mary  Ann,  born  Sept.  18,  1862  ;  Sarah  Jane,  born  Jan. 
22,  1865  ;  Margaret,  born  May  q,  1867  ;  Elizabeth,  born 
March  10,  1869;  Henry  Thomas,  born  Nov.  22,  1870, 
and  Agnes  C,  born  Jan.  21,  1875.  He  owns  264  acres 
of  fine  farming  land  in  the  home  farm,  worth  $40  an 
acre. 

MARBERRY  A.  postmaster  and  dealer  in 
groceries  and  notions,  Mossville,  was  born  near  Paris, 
Henry  county,  Tenn.,  Feb.  9,  1824,  and  is  the  son  of 
Jacob  Marberry  and  Nancy  Forest,  both  of  whom  were 
natives  of  North  Carolina  ;  was  raised  and  received  his 
education  in  his  native  county,  and  afterwards  engaged 
in  mercantile  business  in  the  employ  of  John  Cooney, 
Jr.,  at  mouth  of  the  Sandy,  on  the  Tennessee  river, 
until  i860,  when  he  came  to  Illinois  and  settled  in 
Mossville,  began  business  for  himself,  and  has  since  re- 
sided there.  Before  leaving  the  South  he  married,  in 
Stewart  county,  Tenn.,  Mary  J.,  daughter  of  Thomas 
Palmer  and  Mary  Jane  McMunn,  natives  of  Pennsyl- 
vania, who  was  bom  in  Tennessee,  by  whom  he  has  had 
five  children,  only  one  now  survives:  A.  Plant,  born 
May  24,  1868.  Mr.  Marberry  keeps  a  large  stock  of 
general  merchandise,  and  his  .store  being  the  only  one 
in  the  village,  does  a  good  business.  Has  been  post- 
master for  six  years,  and  has  also  held  many  township 
offices,  among  them  that  of  town  clerk,  which  he  at 
present  fills.  Himself  and  wife  are  members  of  the 
Baptist  Church. 

Mathews  L.  f.irmer,  P.  O.  Dunlap. 
Meyer  .John,  farmer.  P.  O.  Southampton. 
Miller  Anthnny.  farmer,  P.  O.  Southampton. 
Mooney  Edward,  farmer.  P.  O.  ChilUcothe. 
Moony  G.  W.  farmer,  P.  O.  Mossville. 

MOONEY  THOMAS,  Sr.  (deceased),  for- 
merly of  Medina  township,  was  born  in  county  Louth, 
Ireland,  in  1788,  and  was  the  son  of  Thomas  Mooney, 
who  came  to  New  York  in  1798,  in  consequence  of  his 
connection  with  the  troubles  of  that  year  in  his  native 
country.  He  was  raised  in  New  York  city,  and  there 
married,  in  1812,  Miss  HelenaStagg,  daughter  of  James 
Stagg,  a  native  of  New  Jersey,  by  whom  he  had  six 
children:    James,  born  Dec.  15,  1814;  Thomas,  born 


Jan.  31,  1820;  Walter,  bom  April  22, 1822,  died  March 
8,    187 J ;  \Villi.im,  born    Sept  16,   1824;  .Alfred,  born 
Oct.  15,  1827,  who  died  in  New  York  when  a  child,  and 
Mary,   bom  May  18,   1833.     He  engaged  in  mercantile 
business  in  New  York  until  1835,  when,  with  his  whole 
family,  he  removed  to  the  great  and  growing  West,  set- 
tling in  Medina  township,  of  Peoria  court  ty.  where  ly  le- 
mained  until  his  death.     He  scrt1«-j  on  s.  w.  ^  of  Sec. 
2.  which  he  hod   previously  bought,  and  which  was,  at 
that  early  date,  in  a  state  of  pristine  wildness,  and  with 
his  boys  built  a  house  upon  it,  and  assiduously  began 
its  culture  and  improvement.     He  died   upon    the  old 
homestead,  August    5,  1878,  at    the  ripe  old  age  of  90, 
and  was  buried  in  the   graveyard  of  St.  Joseph's  Cath- 
olic Church,  in  Medina  township.     He  was  a  man  who 
made  few  enemies  and  many  friends,  with  a  most  genial 
manner,  and  hadfalways  akind  word  and  a  helping  hand 
for  all   in  distress.     He   was  universally   beloved  and 
respected,  and  had,  at  his  death,  many  sincere  mourn- 
ers outside  the  circle  of  his  relatives.    He  was,  through 
life,    a   Catholic,  and  to   his  liberality   and  spirit,    the 
Catholics  of  the  township   are  mainly  indebted  for  the 
church  building  they  now  possess.     He  was,  in  politics, 
a  good  and  consistent  Democrat,  and  was  a  member  of 
the    last    board    of    county    commissioners  of    Peoria 
county,  prior  to  the  adoption  of  the  township  organiza- 
tion.    Three  of  his  children  still  reside  in  the  township. 
MOO?CEY    JAMES,     farmer.  Sec.   11,    P.  O. 
Mossville,  was  born  in  New  Jersey,  Dec.  15,  1814,  and 
is  the  eldest  child  of  Thomas  Mooney,  Sr.,  who  came 
to  the  township  in  1835.     He  was  raised   and  educated 
in  New  York  city,  and  afterwards  learned  the  trade  of 
locksmith,      removing      with     his     parents    and     the 
other     members     of  his     family     to     Medina     town- 
ship     in       the      year      of    his      majority.     He     re- 
mained   at    home,    working    upon   his    father's    farm 
until  February  7,  1838,  on  which  date  he  married  Eliz- 
abeth Jenett,  daughter  of  Hugh   Jenett  and  Ann  Gar- 
land, natives   of  county  Louth,  Ireland,  who  was  born 
in  January,  1823,  and  came  to  America  with  her  brother 
when  fourteen   years  old.     They  have  had  seven  chil- 
dren, six  of  whom   are   alive  :  Thomas,  born  Nov.  30, 
1838,  who   died  when  two  weeks  and    three  days  old  ; 
William  A.,  born  Nov.  11,  1840  ;  Michael  Thoma.s,  bom 
Dec.  31,   1842  ;  Geo.  Washington,  bom  Feb.  22,  1845  ; 
Mary  Ann,  bom  Dec.  17.  1846  ;  James  F.,  bom  Aug.  27, 
1855;  Oliver   K.,  born    April  11,  1S61.     Three  of  his 
children   are   married,  and   the  others  reside  in  family 
with  him.     He   owns  320   acres   of  fine  farming  land, 
and  fifty  acres  under   timber,    all  well   improved  ;  has 
filled,  in  turn,  almost  all  of  the  township  offices,  among 
them  that  of  assessor  and  collector,  and  is  every  inch  of 
him  a  Democrat.     Himself,  wife  and  family  are   mem- 
bers of  St.  Joseph's  Catholic  Church. 

Mooney  R.  Mrs.  farmer,  P.O.  Ctillllcothe, 


800 


HISTORY  OF  PEORIA  COUNTY. 


MOONEY  WILLIAM,  farmer.  Sec.  ii,  P.O. 
Chillicothe ;  was  born  in  the  city  of  New  York,  Sep- 
tember l6,  1S24,  and  is  the  fourth  child  in  the  family  of 
five  children,  of  the  late  Thomas  Mooney,  Sr.,  and 
Helena  Stagg,  who  were  among  the  earliest  settlers  in 
.";c'"i:  ;  '"vp^hio.    AVith  them,  in  1835,  he  came  West 

u!Jon  the  home  farm 


jenneit,  ii,.'... .  ■         .         •  •   ..i.'i.    .    .>      > 

born  there  June  24,  1831,  by  wnoc.  ue  has  had  seven 
children,  six  of  whom  now  survive — Alfred,  bom  Sep- 
tember 7,  1851 ;  James  Eugene,  born  August  5,  1S53  ; 
Thomas  William,  born  May  25.  1856;  Maggie  EstcUa, 
born  July  22,  1859  ;  Richard  Francis,  born  January  21, 
1862,  and  Emma  Helena,  born  April  6,  1S65.  At  the 
date  of  his  marriage  he  removed  to  his  present  location 
where  he  has  ever  since  resided,  and  where  he  owns 
340  acres  fine  prairie  land,  all  under  cultivation,  and 
worth  $50  an  acre.  The  entire  family  are  members  of 
St.  Joseph's  Catholic  Church  in  the  township. 

MOWBRAY  RICH^VRD,  farmer,  Sec.  i. 
P.  O.  Rome  ;  was  born  in  Hallock  township,  Peoria 
county,  April  6,  1S42,  and  is  the  son  of  Thomas  Mow- 
bray and  Hannah  Stagg,  who  came  there  from  New 
York  in  1833,  and  taking  up  a  claim,  built  upon  it  the 
cabin  in  which  he  was  born.  His  father  was  a  native 
of  New  York  State  and  was  bom  there  in  February, 
1803,  and  his  mother  was  born  in  Paterson,  N.  J. 
While  very  young  his  parents  moved  to  Medina  town- 
ship, and  settled  on  Sec.  2,  where  they  resided  for 
about  eighteen  years  and  where  he  was  raised.  He 
married  February  11,  1878,  Mary  Dempsey,  daughter 
of  Peter  Dempsey  and  Ann  McCormick,  who  was  born 
in  Arkansas,  in  1851,  by  whom  he  has  had  one  child, 
which  has  quite  recently  died.  The  home  farm  consists 
of  160  acres  of  land,  all  under  cultivation,  two-thirds 
of  which  he  owns.  His  father  still  lives  and  resides 
with  him.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Mowbray  are  members  of  the 
Catholic  Church  in  their  township. 

MUELLER  WAXDELIX,  farmer,  Sec.  i, 
P.  O.  Rome  ;  was  born  in  Alsace,  France,  October  30, 
1833,  and  is  the  son  of  Anthony  and  Magdaline  MUl- 
ler,  who  were  both  natives  of  that  Province.  Came  to 
America  with  his  parents  in  1846,  landing  at  New  Or- 
leans, came  up  the  river  to  St.  Louis,  and  afterwards 
came  on  to  Peoria  county,  and  settled  in  Medina  town- 
ship, where  they  bought  a  farm.  He  resided  at  home 
with  his  parents  until  twenty-five  years  of  age,  when 
he  married  Bridget  Mchan,  daughter  of  John  Mehan 
and  Mary  Jennings,  natives  of  Ireland.  His  wife  came 
to  America  in  May,  1857,  and  has  borne  him  seven  chil- 
dren, six  of  them  now  living  — Anthony,  born  July  8, 
1859  ;  Mary,  born  April  3,  1861  ;  Joseph,  born  October 
6,  1862  ;  James,  born  March  36,  1864;  Valentine,  born 


October   6.    1865  ;  Martha,   born   July  28.    1867.  and 

Bridget,  bom  August  19,  1870,  and  died  September  20, 

1872.     His  family  all    reside  at  home.     He  owns  no 

acres  land  in  home  farm,  and  eight  acres  under  timber 

in  Hallock  township.     Mr.  and  Mrs.  MUller  with  their 

family  are  members  of  Catholic  Church. 

Mnrpbjr  Thomaj.  rallroMl  Imbore r,  res.  Mo&sTllle. 

■V'E.\L  MOSES,  farmer.  Sec.  23,   P.  O.  Moss- 

,  wu  ooro  in  :.  iii'^  r  i  conn^y.  N.  H.,  May  7,  1S20, 

■'  e      '      -f  Johu  V.    »»1,  who  was   bora  in 

^ouoty.  T.  H.,  June  17,  1798.  and 

j..._..  J,   v'o    was   bo(n    in    Dover  township, 

Stafiiir.i    t  vinty.    N.    H.,    November,   2.    1798  ;    was 

raised  on  his  father's  farm  and  went  to  school  in  native 

county  until   183S,  when   he  came  with  his  parents  to 

Illinois,  settling   in    Medina   township,  where  he  has 

since   resided,  and  where  his  father  died  October  28, 

1872.     His  mother  still  lives  and   resides  with   him. 

His  father  on  coming  to  Medina  township  bought  the 

farm  his  son  now  occupies,  which  at  that  early  date  had 

been  considerably  improved,  and   notwithstanding  the 

long  course  of  cropping  to  which  it  has  been  subjected, 

still  remains  a  fine  and  productive  farm.     It  is  eighty 

acres  in  extent,  about  fifteen  acres  of  which  are  under 

timber,  and  Mr.    Neal   owns   besides  about  900  acres 

land  in  Peoria  county,  700  acres  of  which  are  tillable. 

Mr.  Neal  is  a  bachelor,  and   about  the  year  1865,  he 

adopted  as  his  children,  the  three  sons  of  his  deceased 

sister.  Abigail  Green,  who  died  in  Grundy  county.  III., 

April    I,    1864,    viz :    Roscoe,    born    October,     1858  ; 

Arthur    Dow.    born  May.    1862,   and    Moses  W.,  bom 

February  2g,  1864      They   were   all   born   in   Grundy 

county.  111.,  and  have  resided  with  him  since  adoption. 

Neal  Saiiuiel  C.  f.irnier.  P.  O.  Motsvllle. 

Newkiric  .Susan  Mrs.  carpet  weaver,  res.  MotsTlUe. 

NEWTON  NEWMON,  farmer.  Sec.  11.  P.O. 
Mossville  ;  was  born  in  Susquehanna  county.  Pa.,  April 
19,  1819.  and  is  the  son  of  Benjamin  Newton  and 
Phoebe  Stearns,  natives  of  Connecticut,  who  came  to 
Pennsylvania  in  the  early  years  of  the  century.  Was 
raised  on  the  farm  there,  until  sixteen  years  old,  when 
with  his  parents  and  the  bulk  of  the  family  he  came  to 
Illinois,  settling  in  what  is  now  Stark  county,  in  1836, 
where  he  resided  for  about  fifteen  years,  and  there  lost 
both  of  his  parents  ;  his  mother  in  iSsr.  and  his  father 
in  1854.  He  c.ime  to  Medina  township,  Peoria  county, 
in  1S4S.  and  settled  on  Sec.  9.  where  he  lived  for  many 
years  and  where  he  married  June  29,  1S4S,  Cynthia 
Mark,  daughter  of  Zelotas  Mark  and  Sarah  Merrill, 
natives  of  New  York,  who  was  born  October  8,  1832. 
by  whom  he  has  had  seven  children,  six  of  whom  are 
now  alive — Lois,  born  October  9.  1849;  Jennie,  born 
March  g,  1851  ;  Joseph,  born  Januar)'  14,  1853,  died 
August  3t,  1855  ;  Arba  and  Ziba,  (twins)  bom  Septem- 
ber 14,  1S56  ;  John,  bom   December  30.  1858;  Jessie. 


5IEDINA  DIRECTORT. 


801 


born  August  2g,  1863,  Zelotas  Marks,  Mrs,  Newton's 
father,  died  in  the  township  in  December,  1S38.  His 
two  eldest  children  are  married.  He  owns  160  acres 
fine  prairie  land  all  under  cultivation  ;  has  held  the 
offices  of  town  clerk  and  collector  for  one  term  each. 

Pool  H.  S.  farmer  and  constable,  res.  Mossvllle. 
Prentire  W.  P.  bl.icksmUh.  res.  Mossville. 
Preston  Eliza  E.  Mrs.  farmer,  res.  Cliillicothe. 

PRESTON  JAMES  S.  farmer.  Sec.  3,  P.  O. 
Chillicothe.  Was  born  in  Roxbury,  Delaware  county, 
N.  Y.,  August  31,  1840,  and  is  the  son  of  Zerah  Pres- 
ton and  Angeline  Patterson,  residents  of  New  York 
State.  He  was  raised  on  his  father's  farm,  and  in  the 
Fall  of  1859  came  West  to  Illinois,  and  after  a  short 
stay  in  Ogle  county,  came  in  November  of  the  same 
year  to  Hallock  township,  where  for  about  eighteen 
months  he  worked  for  Joel  Hicks,  and  shortly  after- 
wards settled  on  his  present  farm,  where  lie  has  ever 
since  resided.  He  married,  February  16,  1S63,  Eliza 
E.  Reed,  daughter  of  Thomas  B.  Reed  and  Frances 
Wilkinson,  who  was  born  February  10,  1843.  Her 
father  was  born  November  27,  1799,  ^"'l  ^^^  mother 
October  4,  1802;  both  natives  of  New  York.  By  this 
marriage  he  has  had  six  children,  four  of  whom  are 
now  living  —  Frances  Emily,  born  November  30,  1863; 
Angeline,  born  September  3,  1865  ;  Mary  Effie,  born 
December  4,  1S67  ;  Merrit  Ebberly,  born  August  31, 
l86g,  died  February  28,  1870;  Jennie  Ermina,  born 
January  21,  1874,  died  January  21,  1877,  and  Bertha, 
born  February  28,  1879.  He  has  160  acres  of  land  in 
home  farm,  part  of  which  is  under  timber  ;  is  at  pres- 
ent school  director,  and  has  held  that  office  three  years. 
Mrs.  Preston  is  a  member  of  the  Baptist  Church. 
Reed  Hiram,  farmer.  P,  O.  Chillicothe. 

REED  MERIT,  farmer,  P.  O.  Chillicothe.  Was 
born  in  Jackson  county,  Ohio,  February  12,  1824,  and 
was  the  son  of  Thos.  B.  Reed  and  Frances  Wilkenson. 
His  father  was  born  November  27,  1799,  in  Rensselaer 
county,  N.  Y.;  moved  to  Ohio  with  his  father  about 
1819,  and  was  married  in  Jackson  county  of  that  State 
April  26,  1S21.  His  mother  was  born  October  4,  1802, 
in  Greenbriar  county,  N.  C.  They  had  seven  children, 
the  first  a  boy,  who  died  in  infancy.  Merit,  whose 
date  of  birth  is  given  above  ;  Amy,  born  Jan.  9,  1825  ; 
Harriet,  born  May  18,  1835;  Hiram,  born  March  20, 
1837;  Eliza,  born  Feb.  10,  1843;  Electra,  born  April 
21,  1844.  Mr.  Merit  Reed  came  with  his  parents  to 
Illinois,  arriving  in  Peoria  county  after  a  long  and 
dangerous  journey  in  October,  1829.  They  passed 
through  both  fire  and  water  on  their  way,  and  had  a 
narrow  escape  of  destruction  by  the  former  element,  at 
the  Black  Swamps  near  Bloomington.  Their  teams 
got  badly  swamped,  and  just  then  a  prairie  fire  in  the 
tall  grass  swept  down  upon  them  —  they  lay  directly 
in   its   path,  and   were   powerless  to  move  —  a  cotton 


handkerchief  was  torn  up,  rubbed  with  powder,  and 
fired  by  a  spark  struck  from  the  flint  of  a  gun,  and  a 
narrow  strip  burned  around  their  teams  and  wagons. 
By  this  time  the  head  fire  burst  upon  them  with  great 
fury,  and  while  the  men  and  women  held  the  horses' 
heads,  the  flames  lapped  together  above  the  wagon  cov- 
ers. After  a  few  perilous  moments  it  rolled  on,  and  the 
emigrants  turned  their  attention  to  the  watery  element, 
which,  mixed  with  mud,  now  held  them  fast.  After 
great  exertion  the  horses  were  got  out,  the  goods  and 
chattels  carried  to  dry  land,  and  the  wagons  dragged 
empty  after  them,  reaching  a  spot  where  they  could 
camp  for  the  night,  just  as  it  was  closing  upon  them. 
On  coming  to  the  county  they  lived  during  the  first 
Winter  in  a  small  log  house  on  Simon  Reed's  place,  in 
what  is  now  Hallock  township,  and  next  Spring  rented 
some  land  from  Elijah  Hyde,  and  bought  about  the 
same  time  160  acres  of  military  land  in  section  3  of 
Medina  township,  to  which  they  moved  in  the  suc- 
ceeding Spring,  and  where  he  resided  till  his  death, 
March  22,  1875.  He  lived  to  amass  quite  a  fortune, 
being  worth  about  $150,000.  His  wife  died  July  5, 
1869.  Merit  Reed  resided  at  home  till  about  the  age  of 
twenty-two,  and  married,  Oct.  15,  1S45,  Miss  Elizabeth 
McElhany,  who  was  born  in  Hagerstown,  Ohio,  May 
27,  1S27,  who  has  borne  him  three  children  —  Frances 
Parodine,  born  March  11,  1857  ;  Thomas  LeRoy,  born 
Apfil  10,  1859,  and  Hiram  Herbert,  born  February 
2,  1862,  who  died  at  the  age  of  one  year  and  ten 
months.  Mr.  Reed  resides  on  his  farm  on  the  north- 
west quarter  of  section  2  in  Medina  township,  and  also 
owns  the  north  half  of  the  northeast  cjuarter  of  section 

10,  and  twenty-eight  acres  on  section  10,  worth  about 
$50  an  acre  ;  also  forty  acres  of  bluff'  land  on  section  4. 
Rice  E.  farmer,  P.  O.  Dnnlap. 

RICE  JONATHAN  W.  (deceased),  farmer, 
res.  Sec.  7,  P.  O.  Dunlap.  Was  born  in  Marlboro, 
Middlesex  county,  Mass.,  January  24,  l8ll,  and  was 
the  son  of  Martin  L.  and  Sally  Rice,  natives  of  that 
place.  His  father  farmed,  also  carried  on  a  boot  and  shoe 
making  business,  and  after  leaving  school  he  divided 
his  time  until  reaching  his  25th  year  between  the  farm 
and  a  woolen  factory.  In  1837  he  came  to  Illinois, 
and  after  a  short  stay  in  Quincy,  Adams  county,  re- 
moved in  the  latter  part  of  183S  to  Medina  township, 
Peoria  county,  where  he  bought  a  farm  on  section  7  and 
began  to  improve  it.  He  married  in  January,  1841, 
Sarah  M.  Dennis,  daughter  of  Joseph  Dennis  and  Ra- 
chael  McClelland,  natives  of  Ohio,  who  was  born  Jan. 

11,  1822,  by  whom  he  had  two  sons,  Elisha,  born  July 
21,  1843,  and  James,  born  June  16,  1845.  In  1S57  he 
removed  to  another  farm  on  same  section,  which  is 
now  occupied  by  his  eldest  son.  During  life  he  filled 
many  township  offices,  and  he  died  June  24,  1865.  His 
widow  still  survives  and  resides  on  the  old  homestead. 


802 


HISTORY   OF   PEORIA   COUXTT. 


His  son  Elisha  was  raised  at  home,  and  has  ever  since 
resided  on  the  farm.  He  married.  December  27.  1866, 
Elizabeth  Stewart,  daughter  of  James  and  Maria  Stew- 
art, who  was  bom  in  Newburg,  N.  Y.,  Ian.  12, 1843,  by 
whom  he  has  six  children  —  Jonathan  W.,  born  April 
16.  1869  ;  James  It.,  born  July  22.  1871  ;  Burton,  born 
Jan.  14,  1874  ;  Fred.,  bom  March  14.  1876,  Florence 
E.,  born  May  23.  1877.  and  Sarah  E.,  bom  Sept  12, 
1879.  He  enlisted  Aug.  27,  1861.  inCo.  A,  47th  I.V.  I., 
forming  part  of  the  army  of  the  Mississippi.  Took  part 
in  the  siege  at  Vicksburg,  and  all  the  engagements 
around  that  city.  His  company  was  the  first  to  enter 
lackson,  Miss.;  was  mustered  out  at  Springfield,  Oct. 
6.  1864.  He  owns  315  acres  in  home  farm,  about  175 
acres  of  which  is  prairie  ;  is  school  director,  and  in 
politics  a  Republican.  Himself  and  wife  are  members 
of  the  Presbyterian  Church  at  Dunlap. 

Rlre  J.  W.  Mrs.  farmer.  P.  O.  Dunlap. 
Rottliuon  Jo^riih.  fiirint-r.  P.  <  ►.  MossTllle. 
Rohlinon  .M.  N.  faruifr.  P.  O.  .Mossvllle. 

KOHIXSOX  WILLIAM,  farmer.  Sec.  27,  P. 
O.  .Mcssvillc.  was  born  in  Jefferson  county,  Va.,  Nov. 
27,  1805,  and  is  the  son  of  George  Robinson  and  Nancy 
Rice,  natives  of  Pennsylvania,  both  of  whom  are  now 
deceased.  He  came  to  Ohio  with  his  parents  when 
very  young,  and  was  principally  raised  in  Ch.impaign 
county.  His  folks  were  farmers,  and  he  worked  on  the 
home  farm  till  1826,  when  he  came  to  Illinois  and  after 
a  short  stay  returned  to  Ohio,  and  after  working  some 
years  for  himself,  married,  in  1S33,  Catherine  Wcid- 
man,  daughter  of  Abraham  and  Catherine  W'eidman, 
natives  of  Pennsylvania,  who  was  born  in  that  State, 
Nov.  23,  1810,  by  whom  he  had  seven  children,  all  but 
one  now  living.  Those  alive  are  Sarah  A.,  born  -Sept. 
25,  1834;  John  W.,  born  March  23,  1836;  Marion  N., 
bom  April  23,  1839;  Abram  W.,  born  Oct.  19,  1841; 
Joseph  V.  H.,  born  Feb.  16.  1844,  and  Mary  L.,  born 
April  8,  1846.  In  the  Fall  of  1836,  he  returned  to  lUi- 
nois,  settling  for  about  a  year  near  the  site  of  Peoria 
city,  and  in  the  following  Summer  came  to  Medina 
township,  and  farmed  on  rented  land  in  Sec.  22,  for 
about  ten  years,  and  then  bought  his  present  farm.  He 
owns  140  acres  in  home  farm,  and  136  acres  in  the 
township  besides  ;  also  eighty  acres  in  Radnor  town- 
ship, and  worth  $35  an  acre  clear  through.  His  wife 
died  March  18,  1850,  on  the  old  homestead.  He  was  for 
one  year  supervisor  of  the  township,  and  for  many  years  a 
school  director.  His  second  and  third  sons  were  in  the 
Union  army,  and  served  until  the  close  of  the  war.  His 
youngest  son  and  his  f.imily  reside  with  him.  This  son 
married  Jan.  18.  1872.  Cicorgina  Clifton,  daughter  of 
Enos  Clifton  and  Sarah  Stringer,  natives  of  Ohio,  who 
was  bom  Dec.  3,  1844,  by  whom  he  has  had  four  chil- 
dren, two  now  living  —  Cora  Naomi,  bom  March  3. 
1873.  died  March  31,  1877;   Aaron   Ensley,   bom  May 


4,  1874,  died  May  10,  1874;  Lillian  Asenath,  bom  Jan. 
2,  1878,  and  Joseph  Luther,  bom  March  II,  1879. 

Sinimao  H.  E.  Urmrr.  P.  O.  Clillllrothe. 
Sllllman  Jot.  Mr».  P.  U  Cbllllrothe- 

SCHAFFXEK  HEXKY  (deceased),  widow 
resides  -Sec.  10,  P.  O.  Mossville,  was  bora  Jan.  3.  1830, 
in  Lompertsloch,  Alsace.  France,  and  is  the  son  of  Ja- 
cob and  Dorothy  SchafTner.  who  were  natives  of  that 
province.  When  sixteen  years  old  he  came  to  America 
with  his  elder  sister,  and  during  the  nine  succeeding 
years  resided  in  Lyons,  Wayne  county,  N.  Y.,  and 
while  there  married  Dec.  20.  1855.  Catherine  Feiock,  a 
native  of  Germany,  who  was  born  Oct.  24.  1833,  and 
came  to  this  country  with  her  father  when  twenty  years 
of  age.  The  fruits  of  this  union  were  two  children  — 
George,  bom  May  21,  1S5S,  and  Edward,  bora  March 
22,  1864.  Immediately  after  marriage  they  removed  to 
Illinois,  settled  in  Medina  tow^nship,  Peoria  county, 
and  resided  for  about  nine  years  on  Sec.  8,  removing  in 
1865  to  the  farm  now  occupied  by  Mrs.  Schaffner  and 
her  two  sons.  They  own  forty  acres  of  land,  all  under 
cultivation,  and  which  they  value,  with  existing  im- 
provements, at  $3,200.  Mr.  Schaffner  died  on  hit 
homestead,  Aug.  i.  1874.  He  was  an  industrious, 
hard  working  man,  who  enjoyed  the  confidence  and  re- 
spect of  all  his  neighbors,  was  a  thorough  farmer,  a 
good  citizen,  and  a  kind  husband  and  father. 
Scbairner  Catharine,  farmer.  P.  O.  MossTlUe. 

SCOVILL  LIN  AS.  farmer.  Sec.  22,  P.O.  Moss- 
ville, was  bom  in  Ontario  Co..  N.  Y..  March  10,  1815, 
and  is  the  son  of  Linas  Scovill.  a  native  of  Connecticut 
born  July  13.  1786,  and  Elizabeth  Seeley.  born  in  Hol- 
ster. N.  Y.,  May  15.  1791.  ANTien  two  years  old  hit 
parents  moved  to  Dearborn  Co.,  Ind.,  where  they  farmed 
for  two  or  three  years,  afterwards  removing  to  Switzer- 
land Co.,  in  the  same  State,  and  after  a  residence  of 
seven  years  there,  again  moved  to  Vermillion  Co., 
Ind.,  where  they  resided  for  four  years,  and  finally  in 
the  Summer  of  1831,  the  whole  family  removed  to 
Illinois,  settling  upon  what  is  now  Sec.  22,  of  Medina 
township.  His  father  died  on  the  old  homestead 
November  16,  1840,  and  his  mother  in  Chillicothe  Oct. 
13,1862.  The  farm  originally  entered  upon  at  that 
early  day,  is  still  in  the  possession  of  Mr.  Scovill,  and 
he  has  never  been  out  of  the  county  for  over  six  weeks 
at  a  time  since  he  first  came  to  it.  He  married,  June 
17,  1858,  Miss  V.  A.  Murray,  daughter  of  John  Murray 
and  Cynthia  Johnson,  natives  of  Virginia,  who  was  liom 
in  Winchester.  Frederick  Co.,  Va.,  June  19,  1812.  Mr. 
Scovill  was  the  eldest  in  a  family  of  seven  children. 
After  him  came  Luney.  l>orn  May  4.  1818;  Lucetta, 
born  June  20,  1820;  Lucina,  bom  March  30.  l8a2, 
Amanda  F..  born  July  a,  1826;  Sarah,  born  Dec.  25, 
1831,  and  Jube  F.,  born  Jan.  6, 1824,  who  died  in  Kan- 
sas, May  18,  1874.     Mr.  Scovill  owns  320  acres  of  land 


i 


»^»< 


4^ 


JOHN    HINES   SEN. 

RICHWOODS    TP. 


■i:Si^> 


WM,  ROBINSON 

MEDINA  TP. 


("decease  d.) 
medina     tp . 


MEDINA  DIRECTORY. 


803 


in  home  farm,  about  l6o  of  it  under  timber.  Is  political- 
ly a  Democrat,  and  in  religious  matters  a  Free  Thinker. 
He  has  assessed  the  township,  and  for  6ve  years  been 
its  collector.  Has  been  commissioner  of  roads  for  thir- 
teen successive  years,  and  has  also  filled  the  offices  of 
school  trustee  and  director. 

Smallev  Wesley,  farmer,  P.  O.  Alta. 
.Smith  R.  M.  farmer.  P.  O.  Mossvllle. 
Sturm  A.  F.  farmer.  V.  O.  Duniap. 
Sturm  Andrew.  ,T.  farmer,  P.  o.  Duniap. 

STURM  ALBERT,  farmer,  Sec.  9,  P.  O.  Moss- 
ville.  was  born  in  Medina  township  of  Peoria  Co.,  in 
1S51,  and  is  the  son  of  John  Sturm  and  Elizabeth 
Dickinson.  His  father  was  born  in  Ohio,  and  his 
mother  in  Indiana,  and  both  now  reside  in  Medina 
township.  They  had  seven  children,  and  he  is  the 
fourth  in  a  family  of  five  sons  and  two  daughters.  He 
married,  February,  1S75,  Nancy  Buttles  who  was  born 
in  Switzerland  Co.,Ind.,  in  1849.  Her  mother  still  lives 
there,  but  her  father  died  a  number  of  years  ago.  Mr. 
Sturm  settled  on  his  present  farm  four  years  ago.  It 
consists  of  100  acres  fine  farming  land,  valued  at  $50 
per  acre. 

STURM  GEORGE,,  farmer,  Sec.  16,  V.  O. 
Mossville,  was  born  in  Medina  township,  of  Peoria  Co., 
Oct.  2,  1833,  and  is  the  son  of  Nicholas  -Sturm  and 
Rebecca  Fey,  who  came  to  Illinois  from  Ohio.  Is  the 
youngest  in  a  family  of  seven  children,  and  when  very 
young  his  mother  died,  and  his  father  re-married.  He 
was  raised  in  Medina  township,  from  a  boy  by  his  uncle 
Lewis  Fey,  and  resided  with  him  till  his  death  about 
1853,  receiving  from  his  estate  the  farm  he  now  occu- 
pies. He  married  Jan.  4,  1S55,  Louisa  B.  Joseph, 
daughter  of  Nathan  Joseph,  a  native  of  Delaware,  who 
was  born  in  1S37,  by  whom  he  had  one  child,  Jacob 
Lewis,  born  Jan.  10  1856.  Mrs.  Sturm  died  soon  after 
the  boy  was  born,  and  on  Feb.  8,  1858,  he  married 
Mrs.  Emma  Grabbe,  daughter  of  Green  J.  Haralson 
and  Orpha  Farris,  who  was  born  in  Maysville,  111., 
Sept.  I,  1839.  Her  mother  was  from  Kentucky,  and 
her  father, was  born  in  France,  and  was  raised  and 
educated  in  New  York.     By  this  marriage  he    has  had 


five  children,  three  now  living,  John  C,  born  Nov.  I  8, 
1S5S;  George  Edward,  born  March  1S60,  died  when 
about  seven  weeks  old,  Henry  B.,  born  August,  1861, 
Robert  Bruce,  born  May  iS,  1866,  and  Joseph  C,  born 
March  23,  1S6S.  He  owns  220  acres  land,  more  than 
half  of  which  is  under  timber. 

Sturm  Frank,  farmer.  I*.  (>.  Mossvllle. 
Sturm  .lohn,  farmer.  P.  (>.  Mossville. 
Sturm  Mark,  farmer.  P.  (>.  Mossville. 
Tliumpsou  \V.  11.  laborer,  res.  Mossvllle. 

THORNE  WILLIAM,  carpenter  and  bridge 
builder,  P.  O.  Mossville,  was  born  in  North  Molton, 
Devonshire,  England,  17th  Sept.,  iSig.  John  Thorne 
and  Charity  Craig  were  his  parents  ;  the  latter  died 
when  he  was  three  years  old,  and  his  father  some  fifteen 
years  ago.  Mr.  Thorne  learned  the  carpenter's  trade 
in  his  native  shire,  and  married  Deborah  Passmore,  of 
South  Molton.  She  was  born  May  24,  1819  — 
on  the  same  day  as  Queen  Victoria.  Mr.  T.  came  to 
America  in  May  1S56,  and  after  stopping  six  weeks  in 
Canada,  came  to  Peoria  county.  The  following  year 
he  sent  for  his  family  and  settled  on  Orange  Prairie 
for  six  years,  mnd  then  removed  to  their  present  home. 
They  have  had  ten  children,  the  two  oldest.  Charity 
and  John,  being  dead.  John  died  in  the  U.  S.  army, 
at  Vicksburg.  The  living  are  :  William,  aged  37  years  ; 
Mary,  now  Mrs.  Kingdon,  34;  George,  31  ;  Ann,  Mrs. 
Harker,  29  ;  Richard,  26;  Edwin,  24  years  old  ;  all 
born  in  England.  Frank,  20,  and  John,  11  years  of 
•ige,  were  born  in  Peoria  county.  Mr.  Thorne  has  de- 
voted his  attention  to  house  carpentering  and  bridge 
building,  and  has  achieved  the  reputation  of  being  the 
best  bridge  builder  in  the  county.  He  has  served  three 
terms  as  assessor  of  Medina  township,  and  several 
terms  as  justice  of  the  peace.  He  has  crossed  the  At- 
lantic five  times,  having  made  two  visits  to  his  native 
country  since  he  first  came  over. 

Tiramons  E.  farmer.  P.  O.  Alta. 
Tuttle  Ell.  farmer,  P.  O.  Duniap. 

WAITE  D.  M.  farmer.  See.  16,  P.  O.  Mossville. 

Wallace  Matthew,  farmer  ami  Rrain  merchant,  P.  O.  Duniap. 
Webster  F.  H.  farmer.  P.  O.  Mossville. 
Wilder  Loreu.  P.  O.  Alta. 


804 


HISTORY  OF  PEORIA   COUNTY. 


MFLBROOK    TOWNSHIP. 


Aby  Elder,  fu-mrr,  P.O.  Elmore. 

ABY  G.  H.  farmer.  Sec.  6,  P.O.  Elmore.  Was 
born  in  Rochester,  Peoria  county,  in  1851  ;  is  the 
youngest  child  of  Benjamin  J.  Aby,  who  died  in  1866, 
and  who  came  to  Peoria  county  at  a  very  early  day, 
there  experiencing  all  the  hardships  of  a  pioneer's  life. 
Mr.  G.  H.  Aby  has  remained  on  the  home  farm  with 
his  mother  and  sister,  and  is  an  industrious  and  en- 
terprising young  farmer.  Owns  no  acres  of  land, 
worth  about  $4,400,  and  has  eighty  acres  under  good 
cultivation. 

ADA3IS  W.  H.  farmer.  Sec.  iS,  P.  O.  Elmore. 
Was  bom  in  Holmes  county,  O.,  .\ug.  30,  1835.  Came 
to  Illinois  in  1852,  settling  in  Stark  county,  and  en- 
gaged in  farming  till  186 1,  when  he  removed  to  Peoria 
county  and  his  present  location.  Represented  the 
township  in  the  Board  of  Supervisors  one  year,  and  has 
been  justice  of  the  peace  for  four  years.  Is  a  man  of 
enterprise  and  intelligence,  and  has  always  taken  an 
active  part  in  township,  county,  and  State  affairs. 
Married,  in  185S.  Miss  Sarah  J.  Anthony,  who  was 
born  in  New  Jersey  in  1837.  by  whom  he  has  four 
children,  two  boys  and  two  girls.  Owns  126  acres  of 
land,  worth  about  $5,000,  all  under  cultivation.  He 
has  studied  law,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1867. 

Ailli'tn  .1.  B.  farmer.  P.  O.  French  (irove. 
Alford  Wni.  .P.  fnrmiT.  P.  O.  Klmore. 
Alwanl  Kdniund,  f.-irmer.  H.  <>.  Monica. 
Arrnstrunir  Uol.t.  f;iriiuT.  I*.  (>.  Klinore. 
AlHlrows  win.  f.irint'r.  P.  O.  FrtMich  Grove. 
Ilai-ht'Mcr  Win.  farnifr.  P.  O.  Murilca. 
Itarnt'S  Wm.  I.,  farmer,  p.  O.  Mxnica. 

BARKKTT  GEO.  W.  farmer.  Sec.  22,  P.  O. 
Monica.  Was  born  in  Jefferson  county,  O.,  in  1835, 
and  came  to  Peoria  county  in  1859.  In  1861  married 
Miss  Lavina  J.  Ramsey,  who  was  bom  in  Jefferson 
county,  O.,  in  1836,  and  who  has  borne  him  eleven 
children,  seven  of  whom  are  now  living,  four  boys  and 
three  girls.  Mr.  Barrett  came  to  Sec.  22  in  1S67,  and 
owns  in  it  240  acres  of  land,  all  well  cultivated  and 
improved,  worth  about  $12,000.  Coming  here  poor, 
he  has  by  hard  work  and  economy  acquired  a  com- 
petency for  himself  and  family.  He  is  a  member  of 
the  Presbyterian  Church. 

Ilcirnril  W.  farmi-r,  P  O.  Ilrlninrlil. 
hrnjainln  rhrU.  faruHT,  p.  o.  llrlinflold. 
lllafr  A.  farnn^r.  P.  <>.  Ilrlmlli'lil. 
Ilrrrnan  Wni.  farnirr,  P.  o.  Itrltnflfld. 
IlrldcrlM^ck  Win.  farmiT.  P.  o.  Klmurc. 

BRinSON  JOIIX,  farmer, Sec. 27,  P.O.  Brim- 
field.  Was  born  on  the  Ulc  of  Man.  in  1820.  Immi- 
grated to  America,  settling  in  Drimfield  township,  in 
l85l,and  remained  there  till  1857,  when  he  removed 
to  his  present  home.  Has  been  very  successful  in  all 
hit  undcitakingt.  Coming  to  this  country  poor,  he 
now  owns  340  acrei  of  land,  worth  $17,300,  ate  acres 


of  which  are  now  under  cultivation.  He  was  married 
in  the  old  country  to  Miss  Ann  Gilliog,  in  1851,  who 
was  bora  on  the  Isle  of  Man  in  1628,  and  who 
bore  him  three  children.  She  died  in  1857,  and  in  ihe 
following  year  he  married  Miss  Manilla  Kunler,  who 
was  born  in  Indiana  in  1832.  by  whom  he  has  had 
seven  children. 

RrlKhten  RoM.  farmer.  P.  O.  Drimlleld. 
ilrl^tow  John,  farmer  P  O.  BrlmHeld. 
Hryan  A.  W  farmer.  P.  O.  Munlca. 
Bryan  Wm-  farmer,  p.  O.    Monica. 
Biirxess  Wlllli..  farmer.  P.  O.  Monica. 
Camp  Irw-ln,  farmer.  P.  O.  Monica. 
Camp  L.  E.  farmer.  P.  O.  Monica. 
Campt>ellC.  L.  farmer.  P.  O.   Monica. 

C-VMPBELL  JOHN  W.  farmer.  Sec.  23. 
P.  O.  Monica,  is  the  son  of  Gilbert  and  Mary  Campbell, 
who  were  married  in  1795,  and  were  early  settlers  in 
Boone  county,  Kentucky.  His  father  was  the  grandson 
of  Lord  Overton,  a  Scotch  peer.  The  subject  of  this 
sketch  was  born  in  Boone  county,  Kentucky,  Dec.  18, 
l8l2.  Married  July  6,  1S37,  at  Rushville.  111.,  while 
on  a  visit  there.  Miss  Margaret  M.  Dooley,  aflerwaidt 
returning  to  Kentucky,  where  he  remained  six  years; 
thence  removed,  in  1S44.  to  Preble  county,  Ohio,  where 
he  resided  ten  years,  and  then  came  to  his  present 
location,  where  he  owns  257  acres  of  land,  worth 
$13,000.  Has  200  acres  of  his  land  under  cultivation, 
and  his  farm  is  altogether  well  improved.  Mrs.  Camp- 
bell is  a  native  of  Kentucky,  and  was  bom  in  i8ia; 
has  had  seven  children,  five  boys  and  two  girls,  but  lost 
by  death  two  ol  their  boys,  David  and  Samuel,  Oct.  3, 
1862. 
Carahan  B.  farmer,  P.  O.  Brlrofleld. 

C-VKTEK  KOBEKT  P.  farmer.  Sec.  ai, 
P.  O.  Millbrook,  was  born  in  Ireland  in  1823,  and  ia 
the  early  part  of  his  life  was  engaged  in  the  African 
ivory  trade,  in  the  pursuit  of  which  he  has  traveled 
over  a  large  part  of  Eastern  .Africa.  Came  to  Peoria 
county  in  1850.  and  to  his  present  home  in  1866.  Owns 
240  acres  of  well  cnltivated  land,  worth  about  $14,400. 
He  married,  in  1850,  Miss  Nancy  Ijirgee,  by  whom  he 
has  h-id  seven  children,  six  of  whom  are  now  living. 
He  had  the  misfortune  to  lose  one  of  them,  a  boy  nine- 
teen years  of  age,  some  years  ago,  by  drowning. 

rlu«kev  H.  farmer.  P.  O.  Brlmlleld. 
Cue  J.  Y.  merchant.  P.  O.  Krencli  Urove. 

COLE  JOHX,  druggist  and  dealer  in  agricul- 
tural implements,  P.  O.  Elmore,  was  born  in  Peoria 
county  in  1847.  Was  raised  on  a  farm,  and  has  resided 
in  the  vicinity  of  Rochester  all  his  life.  Received  a 
good  common  school  education,  and  afterwards  attended 
Cole's  Commercial  College,  in  Peoria.  In  1870  b( 
married  Miss  Mary  R.  Smith,  who  was  born  in  Stark 


MILBROOK   DIRECTORY. 


805 


county  in  1S51,  by  whom  he  has  had  two  children,  both 
girls,  one  of  whom  is  now  living.  In  the  year  of  his 
marriage  he  began  business  as  druggist,  and  has  of  late 
years  done  quite  a  large  business  in  agricultural  imple- 
ments, carrying  a  good  stock  in  both  lines.  On  March 
3,  1865,  he  enlisted  in  Co.  K.,  47th  (Consol.)  111.  Inf., 
and  was  mustered  at  Demopolis,  Ala.,  Jan.  21.  iS66. 
Cole  Lydia  .\.  farmer.  P.  O.  Elmore. 

COLE  WILLIAM  F,  farmer.  Sec.  30,  P.  O. 
French  Grove,  was  born  in  Pittsburgh,  Pa.,  in  iSiS, 
and  came  to  Illinois  with  his  parents,  settling  in  what 
is  now  Hardin  county  in  the  same  year.  He  remained 
there  until  1844,  when  he  came  to  Peoria  county  and 
settled  at  French  Grove,  where  in  1846  he  married  Miss 
Mary  Ann  Cutter,  who  was  born  in  Richland  county, 
Ohio,  in  1S29.  Her  parents  were  among  the  early  set- 
tlers in  the  western  part  of  Peoria  county,  since  they 
settled  on  Sec.  6  of  Brimfield  township  in  1S33,  and 
bnilt  themselves  a  cabin  there,  when  there  was  but  one 
house  from  thence  to  Farmington,  in  Fulton  county. 
There  were  no  roads,  and  they  had  to  go  to  Lewiston 
to  get  their  milling  done,  the  trip  there  and  back  taking 
a  week.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Cole  have  by  industry  and 
economy  acquired  a  good  home,  and  many  comforts 
that  were  undreamed  of  in  the  early  pioneer  days. 
They  came  here  in  1856,  and  own  120  acres  of  land,  all 
under  good  cultivation.  Have  had  thirteen  children, 
nine  boys  and  four  girls,  and  have  eleven  children  liv- 
ing. Mr.  and  Mrs.  Cole  are  living  at  their  present 
home  surrounded  by  friends,  and  are  much  respec'.ed 
by  all  who  know  them. 
Colwell  \v.  farmer.  P.  O.  Monica. 

COON  GEORGE  J,  farmer.  Sec.  13,  P.  O. 
Monica,  was  born  in  New  York  State  in  1839,  where  he 
resided  till  1850,  when  he  came  to  Peoria  county,  set- 
tling in  Rosefield  township  ;  came  to  his  present  loca- 
tion-in  1874.  In  1861  married  Miss  Jane  Aldredge,  from 
Indiana,  by  whom  he  had  two  children.  She  died  in  1872, 
and  in  1874  he  married  Patience  Garrison,  his  present 
wife.  They  own  140  acres  of  land,  all  of  which  is 
under  cultivation  and  worth  about  $7,000.  Mr.  Coon's 
father  is  at  present  a  resident  of  Rosefield  township ; 
he  bought  raw  land,  which  he  afterwards  improved  and 
sold.  Mr.  Coon  enlisted  in  1862,  in  Co.  K,  83d  I.  V.  I. 
and  was  mustered  out  the  same  year. 

Coon  P.itlence.  farmer,  P.  <).  Monica. 
Culleu  Michael,  farmer,  P.  O.  Brimfield. 

CRAVENS  SYLVESTER,  M.D.,  P.  O.  El- 
more,  was  born  in  Westmoreland  county,  Penn.,  in 
in  1836,  and  came  to  Peoria  county  in  1858.  Began 
the  study  of  medicine  in  1855,  and  in  '59  and  '60  at- 
tended lectures  at  Cleveland  Medical  College;  and  in 
Cincinnati,  at  the  Medical  College  there,  attended  the 
classes  in  '60  and  '61.  Graduating  in  the  latter  year, 
he  returned  to  Rochester  and  began  to  build  up  a  prac- 


tice which  is  now  a  large  one.  In  1S64  he  married 
Miss  Chloe  Stanton,  who  was  born  in  Peoria  county  and 
was  the  daughter  of  one  of  the  earliest  settlers  of  Roch- 
ester. Dr.  Cravens  owns  400  acres  of  land,  250  acres 
of  which  are  under  cultivation,  worth  altogether, 
$io,ocx). 

CUTTER  JOB,  farmer.  Sec.  30,  P.  O.  French 
Grove,  was  born  in  Sec.  6,  P.rimfield  township,  on  April 
19,  1837.  Is  the  third  son  of  Isaac  and  Sarah  Cutter, 
who  settled  in  that  township  in  1833  and  made  a  small 
farm,  when  the  country  around  was  a  wilderness.  Both 
his  parents  died  in  the  old  homestead.  Mr.  Cutter,  in 
1S64,  married  Miss  M.  Flakerty.who  wasbornin  Maine 
in  1840.  They  have  had  six  children,  five  of  whom  are 
now  living.  They  came  to  their  present  home  in  1866  ; 
own  eighty  acres  of  land,  all  improved,  worth  about 
S4,8oo.  Mr.  Cutter  is  a  quiet,  unassuming  man,  who 
is  liked  and  respected  by  all  who  know  him. 

DAVIS  RICHARD  C.  farmer.  Sec.  31,  P.O. 
French  Grove,  was  born  in  Ohio  county,  W.  Va.,  in 
1835  ;  came  to  Peoria  county  in  1S56,  and  two  years 
afterwards  married  Miss  Margaret  Keyser,  who  was 
born  in  Belmont  county,  Ohio,  in  1S34.  They  have 
had  eight  children,  and  all  of  them  are  living.  Came 
to  his  present  home  in  l86g,  where  he  has  ever  since 
lived ;  owns  160  acres  of  well  improved  land,  worth 
about  $9,600.  Has  been  road  commissioner  for  the 
township  of  Brimfield,  and  is  now  serving  that  of  Mill- 
brook  in  the  same  capacity.  Mr.  Davis  and  his  wife 
are  members  of  the  Presbyterian  Church. 

DIM3IICK  3IILTON,  farmer.  Sec.  19,  P.  O. 
Elmore,  was  born  in  Ohio  in  1S40;  came  to  Illinois  in 
1852,  and  to  Peoria  county  in  1858.  Owns  140  acres 
of  land,  all  well  improved.  Married,  in  1864,  Miss 
Lavina  Green,  who  was  born  in  1843,  and  has  borne 
him  six  children,  two  of  whom  are  dead.  Mr.  Dimmick 
is  a  quiet,  frugal  and  industrious  man,  and  is  much 
respected. 
Doddswtirth  Wm.  f.irmer.  P.  O.  Elmore. 

DOYLE  JOHN,  M.D.,  P.O.  Elmore,  was  born 
in  Baltimore  county,  Md.,  in  1827,  and  ten  years  later 
he  came  to  and  settled  in  Clark  county,  111.  In  1850 
he  began  the  study  of  medicine,  graduating  in  the  Ec- 
lectic Medical  Institute  at  Cincinnati  in  1854.  and  in 
the  same  year  began  to  practice.  In  1858  he  married 
Miss  Sarah  A.  Noyes,  who  was  born  in  New  Hampshire 
in  1835.  Dr.  Doyle  settled  in  Rochester  in  1S55,  and 
with  the  exception  of  one  year  in  Stark  county  and 
three  years  in  Cincinnati,  has  resided  there  ever  since, 
and  practiced  his  profession.  He  has  taken  great  in- 
terest in  the  Christian  Church,  he  being  one  of  the 
elders  and  the  minister  of  the  church. 
Ennls  N.  S.  farmer,  P.  O.  Monica. 

GARRISON   BENJAMIN,  farmer.  Sec.  22, 
P.  O.  Elmore,  was  born  in  Clinton  county,  Ohio,  in 


806 


HISTORY   OF  PEORIA   COUNTY. 


1844,  and  came  to  Peoria  county  with  his  parents  in 
1856,  settling  in  Millbrook  township,  where  he  has 
ever  since  remained.  He  is  the  second  son  of  Lemuel 
Garrison  who  died  in  this  township.  Mr.  Garrison 
married  in  1875,  Miss  Mary  B.  Owens,  who  was  bom 
in  Knox  county  in  i860,  by  whom  he  has  had  two  chil- 
dren. He  owns  eighty  acres  of  well  cultivated  lanil, 
worth  about  $4,000. 
Garrison  l>eniurl,  farmer.  I*,  o.  Monica. 

GARRISON  LKWIS,  farmer,  .Sec.  16,  I'.  O. 
Elmore  was  born  in  Clinton,  O.,  in  1S37  ;  came  to 
Peoria  county  in  1855,  settling  on  section  15;  is  the 
first  son  of  Lemuel  Garrison,  who  died  in  this  town- 
ship in  1873,  and  was  the  father  of  eighteen  children. 
Mr.  Garrison  married  in  1861,  Miss  Matilda  A. 
Aldrcdge,  who  was  born  in  Knox  county,  in  1838, 
and  who  bore  him  eleven  children,  of  whom  ten  are 
now  living — seven  boys  and  three  girls.  Owns  220 
acres  of  land,  worth  about  $11,100.  of  which,  170  acres 
are  under  good  cultivation.  Mr.  Garrison  has  seen 
m^y  improvements  made  in  this  section,  very  little 
having  been  done  in  that  way  at  the  time  he  settled 
here. 
Garrison  Kobert.  farmer.  P.  O.  Monica. 

GARRISON  THOMAS  B.  farmer.  Sec.  15, 
P.  O.  Elmore,  was  born  in  Clinton  county,  O..  in  1850, 
and  came  to  Peoria  county  with  his  parents,  settling  in 
the  township  of  Millbrook,  where  he  has  since  re- 
mained. He  married  in  1S72,  Miss  Rebecca  J,  Camp, 
who  was  born  in  Clinton  county,  O.,  in  1854,  and  by 
whom  he  has  had  four  children,  three  now  living,  lie 
owns  200  acres  of  land,  worth  about  :^io,ooo,  and  has 
180  acres  under  good  cultivation.  Mr.  Garrison  is  a 
young  man  of  good  habits  ;  is  industrious  and  economi- 
cal, and  stands  well  in  the  neighborhood  in  which  he 
lives.  He  is  the  only  son  of  Robert  Garrison. 
Glllcn  James,  farmer,  H.  O.  Krencli  Grove. 

GILLING  JAMES,    farmer.    Sec.   34.    P-   O. 

Urimficld,  was  bom  in  the  Isle  of  Man  in  1S26;    came 

to  Peoria  county  in  1850  :  is  a  carpenter  by  trade,  and 

followed    that     business    for     about    eighteen    years. 

Twelve  years  ago  he  returned  to  the  old  country,  and 

while  there  he  married  his  present  wife,  then  Miss  Jane 

Skinner;  returning  to   Peoria  county  in  1869,  he  came 

to  his  present  home  in    1874,    where   he   owns  eighty 

acres  of  land,  all   improved,  and   worth  alwut  $6,000. 

lie  has  a    good  home,  is  cumforlably   situated   and   is 

highly  respected  by  his  neighbors. 

Oratii  Kriiiirtt,  farnHT,  I*,  o.  Kretirh  Grove. 
Ur»nt  W.  fannrr,  I',  ti   Fri'nrh  (intvo. 
Gro)i%  Wiu.  rariiicr,  I*,  o.  Kliuorr. 

ii.\i{|)Y  .lOIIN,  farmer,  Sec.  16.  P.  O.  Elmore, 

was  burn  in    England  in    1S33;    married  in  1846,  Miss 

Ellen  Moody,  who  was  also  of   English  birth,  and  was 

born  in  1S2O;    came    to    Scott    county,    III.,    in    iSjl, 

where  he  remained  till   1873,  when  he  came   to  Peoria 


county  and  settled  on  his  present  home  in  section  16, 
where  he  has  230  acres  of  good  land,  worth  about 
$11,500.  of  which  iSo  acres  are  under  cultivation. 
This  properly  is  the  result  of  industry  and  economy,  as 
Mr.  Hardy  came  to  this  country  a  poor  man.  He  has 
had  twelve  children,  six  of  whom  are  now  living. 
Ilarrliill  William,  farmer,  P.  U.  Prench  Grove. 

IIOI.Z  WILLIAM,  miller.  P.  O.  Elmwood. 
was  born  in  Prussia  in  I S32,  and  immigrated  to  America 
in  1851  ;  came  to  Rochester,  HI.,  in  18O4.  moving 
thence  in  1866,  to  Elmwood.  where  he  purchased  the 
Union  Mills,  and  where  he  has  spent  upwards  of  $40,- 
000  in  building,  repairing,  and  machinery.  In  1875, 
he  lost  his  mill  in  Elmwood  by  fire,  when  he  returned 
to  Rochester  and  commenced  repairing  the  Rochester 
mills  ;  has  spent  $13,000  in  this  direction  and  has  now 
got  it  in  first-class  order;  has  three  runs  of  burrs  and 
the  machinery  is  all  new.  Mr.  Holzhas  eighty  acres 
of  good  land  attached  to  the  mill  and  raises  consider- 
able stock  ;  married  in  1858,  Miss  Catherine  Schroeder, 
by  whom  he  has  six  children. 

HIRER  BENJAMIN,  retired,  P.  O.  Elmore, 
was  born  in  Pennsylvania  in  1S20.  and  married  in  1843 
Miss  Rebecca  Burkhart,  who  was  born  in  that  State  in 
1825  ;  came  to  Peoria  county  and  settled  in  Rochester 
in  1849,  where  he  engaged  in  blacksmithing,  and  kept 
at  it  for  twenty-four  years.  They  are  the  parents  of 
nine  children,  live  of  them  being  now  alive.  Coming 
to  Rochester  with  limited  means.  Mr.  Huber  has  by 
economy  and  strict  attention  to  business,  acquired  a 
good  home,  with  no  .-icres  of  well  cultivated  land, 
worth  about  $5,500,  where  he  and  his  wife  hope  to 
spend  their  remaining  years.  His  children  are  all  mar- 
ried. Mr.  and  Mrs.  Huber  are  members  of  the  Con- 
gregational Church. 
Hurt  8us.-in,  farmer,  P.  O.  Monica. 

IREL.VXI)  CHARLES,  stock  dealer,  P.  O. 
Elmore,  was  born  in  Fayette,  Seneca  county,  N.Y.  His 
grandfather  w.ts  the  first  settler  in  the  township.locating 
in  1794;  also  organ iied  the  first  independent  military 
company  of  that  county  ;  was  at  the  battle  of  ijueens- 
town  when  Brock  was  killed.  His  father  was  bom  in 
Milton  county.  Pa.,  but  went  to  Seneca  county;  N.  Y., 
when  he  was  two  years  old ;  raised  a  family  of  two 
children,  one  of  each  sex.  Charles,  was  bom  on  the 
aoth  day  of  .\ugust,  1823.  When  he  was  nine  years 
old  his  father  immigrated  to  Geauga  county,  Ohio, 
where  he  was  reared  a  farmer,  going  two  miles  through 
the  womls  to  a  log  house  to  school.  Helped  to  clear  ■ 
farm  of  260  acres.  In  184$  married  Miss  Laura  Ann, 
d.iugliter  of  Harry  Hubbard.  .She  was  born  in  Massa- 
chusetts on  the  :7th  day  of  February,  1S30.  Six  boys 
and  five  girls  was  the  fruit  of  their  union.  Immigrated 
from  Ohio  to  Peoria  county  in  1S58,  and  located  in 
Millbrook  township.     The  first  two  years  was  engaged 


MILBROOK  DIRECTORY. 


807 


in  building  and  contracting  on  railroads.  Furnished 
all  the  ties,  and  erected  the  bridges,  from  Oilman  to 
the  State  line.  In  1863  helped  to  recruit  a  company, 
and  was  assigned  to  the  77th  I.  V.  I.,  Company  G, 
and  was  commissioned  as  ist  Lieutenant,  mustered  in 
at  Peoria.  The  regiment  was  commanded  by  Col. 
Grier.  Participated  in  the  engagement  at  Arkansas 
Post,  and  afterwards  did  duty  on  the  river.  He  re- 
signed on  account  of  ill  health  after  being  in  the  service 
a  year. 
Jaques  Henry,  farmer,  P.  O.  Elmore. 

JAQUES  H.  S.  farmer.  Sec.  7.  P.  O.  Elmore, 
was  born  in  Ohio  in  1839,  came  to  Peoria  county  in 
1855,  and  has  resided  in  Millbrook  township  ever  since. 
In  1862  he  crossed  the  plains  to  California,  returning 
in  1S64,  and  shortly  thereafter  married  Miss  Emeline 
Pratz,  by  whom  he  has  two  children.  He  is  an  enter- 
prising farmer  and  a  man  of  influence  in  the  township, 
owning  500  acres  of  land,  200  of  which  are  under  good 
cultivation,  worth  about  $21,000.  besides  a  large  stock 
of  cattle  arid  hogs,  the  raising  of  which  he  makes  a 
specialty. 

JAQUES  JOSIAH,  farmer.  Sec.  18,  P.  O.  El- 
more, was  born  in  Richland  county,  O.,  in  1829 ;  came 
to  Peoria  county  in  1S54,  and  settled  on  section  i8,  in 
Millbrook  township,  where  he  has  ever  since  remained 
and  where  he  owns  500  acres  of  land,  worth  about 
$20,000.  In  1856  he  married  Miss  Isabell  Pratz,  who 
was  born  in  the  same  county  as  himself.  They  have 
been  blessed  with  eleven  children,  seven  now  living. 
Mr.  Jaques  has  improved  most  of  his  property  since 
coming  here ;  is  a  quiet,  industrious  farmer,  and  is 
much  respected.  Mrs.  Jaques  is  a  member  of  the 
Christian  Church,  at  Rochester. 
Kau3  J.  farmer,  P.  O.  Elmore. 

KELLEK  JAJ>IES  31.  farmer.  Sec.  21,  P.  O. 

French  Grove,  was  born  in  Marshall  county.  West  Va., 

in  iSig;  came  to  Peoria  county  in  1S56,  and  settled  on 

section   20,   Millbrook  township,  where  he  improved  a 

lot  of  sixty  acres,  on  which  he  remained  till  1878,  when 

he  moved  to  his  present  location  on  section   21,  where 

he  now  owns  240  acres  of  land  all  under  cultivation, 

and  worth  about  .f  14,400.     He  came  to  the  county  a 

comparatively  poor  man  but  by  his  industry  and  sound 

knowledge  of  farming  he  has  acquired   the   land   he 

owns  and   the  respect  of  all  who  know  him.     He  is  a 

member  of  the  Presbyterian  Church. 

Kneer  Benedict,  farmer.  P.  O.  Monica. 
Lamberton  E.  P.  farmer,  P.  O.  Elmore. 
Lamljerlon  T.  O.  farmer,  P.  O.  Elmore, 
Lawrence  H.  farmer,  P.  O.  Elmore. 

LENG  ALBERT,  farmer.  Sec.  9,  P.  O.  El- 
more, was  born  in  Yorkshire,  England  in  1841,  and 
came  to  Peoria  county  in  1870.  Married,  in  1873, 
Miss  Mary  F.  Aby,  who  was  born  in  Stark  county,  in 
1851;  has  had  three  children,  two  of  them   now  alive. 


Mr.  Leng  has  followed  the  occupation  of  a   farmer  all 
his  lifetime,  both  in  England  and  this  country,  and  now 
owns  a  nice  little  farm   of  eighty  acres,    worth  about 
$4,000,  and  has  fifty  acres  under  cultivation. 
Lewis  Hannah,  farmer.  P.  O.  Elmore. 

LOKANCE  HARNESS,  farmer.  Sec.  19,  P. 
O.  Elmore,  was  born  in  Franklin  county,  Ohio  in  1823, 
and  came  to  Peoria  county  in  1S43,  marrying  in  the  fol- 
lowing year  Miss  Ellen  Lewis,  who  was  born  in  Dear- 
born county,  Ind.  in  1826.  They  are  the  parents  of 
twelve  children,  ten  of  them  survive.  Mr.  Lorance  first 
settled  on  Sec.  6  of  Millbrook  township,  where  he  re- 
mained eight  years,  removing  thence  to  Sec.  19,  where 
he  has  ever  since  remained.  He  owns  165  acres  of 
land,  all  well  improved,  and  worth  $8,250  ;  a  vein  of 
coal,  five  feet  thick,  underlies  part  of  his  land.  Has  a 
very  fine  spring  well  on  his  farm,  yielding  an  inex- 
haustible supply  of  water.  Mr.  Lorance  is  much  re- 
spected in  the  neighborhood  in  which  he  resides. 
Lyon  Joseph,  farmer,  P.  O.  French  Grove. 

3IARKLEY  E.  justice  of  the  peace,  P.  O.  El- 
more, is  the  son  of  David  Markley,  who  came  from 
Ohio  and  settled  in  Fulton  county  in  1836,  Mr.  E. 
Markley  was  born  in  Richland  county,  Ohio  in  1820, 
coming  with  his  parents  to  Illinois,  and  in  1837  came 
to  Rochester  with  a  stock  of  goods,  which  he  took 
charge  of  and  sold  on  his  father's  account,  making  a 
monthly  trip  on  horseback  by  a  bridle  path  to  his 
father's  residence  in  Fulton  county,  to  give  a  report  of 
the  month's  business.  This  continued  for  about  a  year 
when  he  cleared  out  the  stock  and  returned  to  Fulton 
county,  and  engaged  in  various  pursuits  until  1850, 
when  he  returned  to  Rochester  and  began  business  on 
his  own  account.  He  has  been  an  active  business  man 
and  is  a  prominent  citizen  of  the  town.  He  married  in 
1S51,  Miss  Emily  Wycofl",  who  was  born  in  New  Jersey 
in  1S2S,  by  whom  he  had  five  children.  Mrs.  Markley 
died  Feb.  25,  1861,  and  in  the  succeeding  year  he 
married,  his  second  wife,  Mrs.  Nancy  Rice,  who  was 
born  in  Pennsylvania  in  1S28,  and  who  has  also  borne 
him  five  children,  all  living.  Mr.  Markley  owns  eighty 
acres  of  land,  all  under  cultivation,  and  worth  about 
$2,400;  has  been  supervisor  one  year,  and  is  now  serv- 
ing his  second  year  as  justice  of  the  peace. 

aiARKLEY  EVERETT,  merchant,  P.  O. 
Elmore,  was  born  in  Stark  county.  111.  in  1855,  and  has 
lived  for  many  years  in  the  neighborhood  of  Rochester. 
Married  in  1S7S,  Miss  Helen  M.Webster,  who  was  born 
in  Ohio  in  1S44.  Began  business  for  himself  as  mer- 
chant in  1878,  but  had  previously  been  in  that  business 
for  his  lather  and  others  ever  since  he  was  old  enough 
to  attend  to  it ;  carries  a  large  and  well  selected  stock 
of  goods,  and  does  a  good  business.  His  father  was 
the  second  man  who  sold  goods  in  Rochester,  that  be- 
ing in  the  year  1837. 


808 


HISTORY  OF  PEORIA  COUNTY. 


MARTZ  W.  J.  farmer.  Sec.  32,  P.  O.  French 
Grove,  was  bom  in  Pennsylvania  in  1834,  and  came  to 
Peoria  county  in  l8;7,  and  is  a  harness  maker  by  trade. 
Married  in  1863,  Mi>s  Nancy  E.  Moore,  who  was  bom 
in  Butler  county.  Ohio  in  1 844.  They  have  had  six 
children,  three  of  them  now  alive.  Mr.  Martz  bought 
his  present  home  in  1866,  and  is  now  worth  $4,800. 
His  wife  is  a  member  of  the  Presbyterian  Church. 
Mathews  Thos.  farmer.  I*.  O.  Monica. 

MAXWELL  FKAXCISiR.  teacher.  P.  O. 
Elmore. 

MeCOY  DAXIEL,  farmer,  Sec.  33,  P.  O. 
French  Grove,  was  born  in  West  Alexander,  Wash- 
ington county.  Pa.,  and  when  fourteen  years  old, 
moved  to  Ohio  county,  W.  Va.,  where  he  remained  till 
1851,  then  coming  to  Peoria  county,  and  settling  on 
Sec.  33,  where  he  has  since  remained,  and  where  he 
owns  470  acres  of  land,  all  under  cultivation,  2IO 
acres  of  which  forms  his  home  farm.  Mr.  McCoy 
married.June  21,  1847,  Miss  Jane  B.  Stewart,  who  w.is 
born  in  Alleghany  county.  Pa.,  August  8,  1S26,  and 
who  died  November  26,  1877,  leaving  four  children  to 
mourn  her  loss.  Mr.  McCoy  is  a  member  of  the  Pres- 
byterian Church. 

McCOY  JOHN  A.  (deceased),  late  of  Sec. 
32,  Millbrook  township,  P.  O.  French  Grove,  was  born 
in  Washington  county,  Pa.,  in  1821  ;  was  brought  up  in 
Ohio  county,  W.  Va.,  and  came  to  Peoria  county  in 
1849,  settling  two  miles  west  of  Brimfield.  He  came 
to  his  late  fine  home  in  lS;2,  and  remained  upon  it 
until  his  death.  His  estate  consists  of  S90  acres  of 
fine  improved  farming  land.  Mr.  McCoy  married  in 
W.  Virginia  in  1852,  Miss  Matilda  Davis,  who  was 
born  in  Marshall  county,  of  that  State,  in  1829,  by 
whom  he  had  three  children,  two  girls  and  one  boy 
and  who  died  in  1S61.  Mr.  McCoy  possessed  an  in- 
tellect much  above  mediocrity,  and  was  emphatically  a 
public-spirited  man.  These  qualities,  together  with 
rare  integrity  of  character,  made  him  sought  after  fur 
positions  of  official  responsibility.  He  served  his 
township  seventeen  years  in  the  County  Itoard  of 
Supervisors,  seven  of  which  he  was  chairman  of  that 
body,  during  which  the  present  elegant  court  house 
was  erected.  His  innate  patriotism  impelled  him  to 
active  and  eflicient  efforts  in  behalf  uf  the  Union  dur- 
ing the  late  civil  war.  The  life  of  Mr.  McCoy  was 
suddenly  and  tragically  terminated  on  the  I4tli  of  Sep- 
tember, 1879,  from  woundi  inllicted  two  or  three  days 
previously  by  a  vicious  bull.  Thus  was  cut  off  in  tlic 
midst  of  his  usefulness  at  the  age  of  fifty-nine  years, 
and  ten  months  a  man  whom  Peoria  county  greatly 
misxed  and  sadly  niiiurned. 

MOOIll':  1>.\VII>,  farmer,Scc.  3a.  P.O.  French 
Grove,  was  l>urn  in  l.chigh  county.  Pa.,  in  1816:  went 
tu  Uutlcr  county,   (J.,  in  l3l8,  where   he   learned   the 


carpenter  trade ;  married  in   1840,  Miss  Mar;  Richto- 

line,  who  was  bora  in  Northumberland  county,  Pa.,  in 

1821  ;  came  to   Peoria   county   in    1S60  ;  has   had  fire 

children,    four  of  them  now   living  and  married.      He 

owns  153  acres  of  land,  all  improved,  and  worth  $9,200. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Moore  are  members  of  the   Presbyterian 

Church. 

MOORE  J.\COB  H.  farmer.   Sec.   31,   P.  O- 

French  Grove,  was   bom   in   Ohio,  in   1840.     Married 

Miss  Martha  A.  Reed,  who  was  bora  in  W.  Virginia  in 

1S4S,  by  whom  he  has  had  four  children,  two  of  whom 

are  now  alive.     Owns  80  acres  of  land  under  excellent 

cultivation,  and  worth  $4  800.     He  is  a  member  of  the 

Presbyterian  Church. 

Morris  n.  farmer.  P.  O.  Elmore. 
.Moll  Tol.1»»,  (»riner,  f.  o.  Moiilrm. 
Mo.vrUle  TUon..  firmer,  I',  o.  llrlmfleld. 
McObe  H»l,  f. inner.  V.  O.  IIDinneld. 
Mrllunalil  Alice,  fanner.  P  U.   nrlinBeld. 
M.-lif  Sir.InhTi.  firmer.  P.  O   Monlcl. 
'!  .  r.  P.  O.  Krencli   Orove. 

,.r.  P.  O     Brliunelil. 

t»rmer.  P.  o   Urlmneld. 

.M :.  iiii^r.  P.  l>.  Elmore. 

Mut..!,  i  l,„>.  (..iinrr.  P.  O.  Brimflela. 
NlKlitlt'Kiilt'  I>.  farmer.  P.  O.  Elmore. 
Danes  Wm.  -M.  farmer.  P.  O   French  Orore. 
PratxJ.  A.  carpenter.  P.O.  Elmore. 

PR.VTZ  WILLLVM  W.  farmer.  Sec.  20,  P 
O.  French  Grove,  was  born  in  Stark  county.  111.,  March 
21,  1841  ;  his  parents  were  old  settlers  of  that  county, 
having  come  there  in  1837.  Mr.  Pratz  came  to  Peoria 
county,  where  he  married  Miss  Mary  E.  Day.  daughter 
of  Dr.  Wm.  B.  Day,  a  native  of  New  Jersey,  in  the 
following  year.  She  was  born  Nov.  20,  1842,  and  has 
had  six  children,  two  boys  and  four  girls.  They  own 
80  acres  of  land  in  the  e.  ^-i  of  the  s.  w.  ^  of  Sec.  ao, 
all  under  cultivation  and  worth  $4,800,  and  have  the 
respect  of  all  who  know  them. 
Prior  CalTin,  farmer,  P.  U.  Monica. 

REED  C.  A.  farmer.  Sec.  29,  P.  O.  French 
Grove,  is  the  eldest  son  of  William  and  Sarah  V.  Reef), 
was  bom  in  Peoria  county,  Nov.  20,  1853,  and  grew  to 
manhood  on  a  farm.  On  Feb.  3,  1S75,  he  married  Miss 
Jennie  Coe,  who  was  born  in  Meiggs  county,  O..  May 
10,  1S55  ;  they  have  h.id  three  children,  two  of  whom 
are  alive.  They  own  sixty  acres  from  the  north  side  of 
the  n.  w.  X  of  Sec.  29,  all  of  it  under  cultivation  and 
worth  about  $3,600.  Mr.  Reed  is  an  industrious  and 
economical  man,  and  he  and  his  family  are  respected  by 
all  who  know  them.  They  are  members  of  the  Presby- 
terian Church  at  French  Grove. 

REEI>  J.\MES  C.  farmer,  .^ec.  29.  •'  O. 
French  (.irovc.  was  born  in  Peoria  county  in  1854,  and 
married  in  1875.  Miss  Sadie  G.  Oakes,  who  was  l>om  in 
Pennsylvania  in  1856;  have  had  two  children,  the  eld- 
est of  whom  died  April  12,  1877.  Mr.  Reed  owns  80 
acres  of  well  cultivated  land,  worth  about  $4.8oo- 
Both  himself  and  wife  ate  members  of  the  Presbyterian 
•  hurch. 

REE1>    S.VMLEL    M.  farmer.  Sec.  32.  •'   t>- 


MILBKOOK   DIRECTORY. 


809 


French  Grove,  was  born  in  Ohio  county,  W.  Va.,  in 
1821  ;  came  to  Peoria  county  in  1852,  and  settled  where 
he  now  resides  ;  owns  73  acres  of  land  in  Brimfield 
township,  and  61  acres  in  Sec.  32  in  that  of  Millbrook, 
all  under  thorough  cultivation.  He  is  a  good  farmer 
and  citizen,  and  a  quiet,  unassuming  man,  enjoying  the 
confidence  and  respect  of  all  who  know  him.  lie  mar- 
ried in  1852,  Miss  Jane  Davis,  who  was  born  in  Mar- 
shall county,  W.  Va.,  in  1825,  by  whom  he  had  two 
children.  Mrs.  Reed  died  in  1S56,  and  in  1859  he 
married  Miss  Margaret  McCoskey,  who  was  born  in 
Ohio  county,  W.  Va.,  in  1832  ;  they  have  one  child,  and 
are  all  members  of  the  Presbyterian  Church. 

REED  WILLIAM,  farmer.  Sec.  34,  P.  O. 
French  Grove,  was  born  in  Ohio  county,  W.  Va.,  in 
1S17;  came  to  Peoria  county  in  1849,  settling  on  Sec. 
33,  and  has  remained  in  the  township  ever  since  ; 
moved  to  Sec.  21,  and  came  to  his  present  home  in  1S60, 
where  he  owns  160  acres  of  good  land,  and  makes  a 
specialty  of  raising  stock.  Married  in  1851,  Miss 
Sarah  V.  McConnell,  who  was  born  in  Washington 
county.  Pa.,  in  1S32,  by  whom  he  has  had  four  boys,  all 
of  whom  are  now  living. 

REED  WILLIAM,  farmer.  Sec.  3,  P.  O.  El- 
more, was  born  in  Delaware  county,  O.,  in  1S37  ;  came 
to  Peoria  county  in  1856,  and  settled  on  Millbrook 
township  in  1S63.  where  he  now  owns  150  acres  of  land, 
80  acres  of  which  is  under  cultivation  and  worth  $45 
an  acre.  He  has  made  many  improvements,  aud  has 
eighteen  miles  of  worm  rail  fence,  which  makes  his 
farm  a  desirable  one.  In  185S  he  married  Miss  Mary 
Gingrick,  who  was  born  in  Ashland  county,  O.,  in  1842, 
and  who  has  borne  him  eight  children,  six  of  whom  are 
now  living.  Mr.  Reed  has  always  taken  an  active  part 
in  all  township  matters,  is  a  hard  working,  economical 
farmer,  and  a  much  respected  citizen. 

Rooney  Hupli.  farmer,  P.  O.  Monica. 
Rutl  J.  C.  farmer.  }'.  O.  French  Grove, 
."^argent  Jiio.  farmer.  P.  O.  Elmore. 
Shade  Henry,  farmer,  P.  O.  Elmore. 
Slaterly  .J.  farmer.  P.  O.  Brimfield. 
Sloan  J.  farmer,  P.  O.  Brimfield. 

SLOCUM  JOHX  C.  farmer.  Sec.  32.  P.  O, 
French  Grove,  was  born  in  1837,  on  the  old  homestead 
settled  by  his  father,  who  was  one  of  the  first  settlers 
in  this  vicinity,  and  who  died  in  1846.  He  married 
Miss  Margaret  Bailey,  who  was  born  in  Pennsylvania 
in  1842,  by  whom  he  has  had  six  children,  all  living. 
Owns  115  acres  of  land,  100  of  which  are  under  culti- 
vation, and  worth  $6,950.  He  is  a  quiet,  much  respect- 
ed man,  and  a  good  citizen. 

SLYGH  JOHN  D.  justice  of  the  peace,  P.  O. 
Elmore,  was  born  in  Ireland  in  iSoi,  and  came  with 
his  parents  to  Albany,  N.  V.,  where  he  remained  until 
ten  years  of  age,  when  he  removed  to  Virginia,  where 
in  1824  he  married  Miss  Mary  E.  Potts,  daughter  of 
Capt.  James  B.  Potis  of  the  United  Slates  Navy, 
57 


and  who  was  born  on  board  of  a  United  States 
ship  in  1S08.  Remained  in  Virginia  till  1S35,  when  they 
came  to  Tazewell  Co.,  111.,  removing  to  Millbrook  town- 
ship and  settling  near  Rochester,  January  i,  1837.  There 
were  then  but  two  log  cabins  in  Rochester,  occupied 
respectively  by  the  Smiths  and  the  Stanlons.  Conse- 
quenty  Mr.  Slygh  has  seen  the  development  of  all  the  im- 
provements made  in  this  section  of  country.  He  has  been 
an  active  man  of  business  all  his  life,  and  is  now  serving 
his  thirtieth  year  as  justice  of  the  peace,  five  years  of 
which  was  in  Knox  Co.,  and  the  rest  in  Peoria  Co  ; 
lives  presently  with  his  son  Henry,  and  gives  general 
satisfaction  as  a  justice.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Slygh  have  had 
fifteen  children,  nine  of  whom  are  now  living.  Mrs. 
Slygh  died  on  August  26,  1875.  The  old  gentleman 
owns  seventy  acres  of  land  near  Rochester,  worth 
about  $2,100.  He  assessed  the  township  for  seven 
years,  for  five  years  in  succession. 

Stowell  Aug.  farmer,  P.  O.  Monica. 
Stunb  Nancy,  farmer,  P.  O.  Monica. 
Sutherland  E.  J.  farmer,  P.  O.  French  Grove. 
Sweat  Benj.  harness  maker,  P.  O.  Elmore. 
Thomas  Geo.  farmer.  P.  O.  Elmore. 
Todd  .\lex.  farmer.  P.  O.  French  Grove. 
Todd  Kobt.  farmer.  I".  O.  Monica, 
fykolf  G.  P.  insurance  agent,  P.  O.  Elmore. 
U'asson  John,  farmer,  P.  O.  Monica. 
Whltaker  John,  farmer.  P.  O.  Brimfield. 
Whltaker  John  W.  farmer,  P.  O.  Monica. 

WHITTAKER  JOHX  C.  farmer.  Sec.  27, 
P.  O.  Brimfield,  was  born  in  Ireland  in  iSll,  where  he 
married  Miss  Susan  Carter,  also  a  native  of  that  coun- 
try, and  who  was  born  in  1806,  Sailed  lor  New 
Orleans  from  Liverpool  in  1845,  and  were  eight  weeks 
and  five  days  on  the  voyage.  First  settled  in  the  coun- 
ty in  the  vicinity  of  what  was  then  Fort  Clark.  M  r. 
Whittaker  worked  very  hard,  and  labored  under  many 
disadvantages,  and  as  the  result  of  his  industry,  lias  now 
a  fine  home  and  farm,  under  good  improvement,  where 
he  lives  at  peace  with  all  his  neighbors.  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Whittaker  have  had  six  children,  all  living.  Have  four 
sons  in  Millbrook  township,  and  one  son  and  their 
only  daughter  in  that  of  Brimfield. 

WHITTAICER  RICHARD,  farmer.  Sec. 
34,  P.  O.  Brimfield,  was  born  in  Ireland  in  1S36,  came 
to  Peoria  Co.  in  1845,  and  to  his  present  home  in  1S64, 
where  he  owns  160  acres  of  well  improved  land  worth 
$9,600.  Married  in  1863  Miss  Hannah  McGowanner, 
by  whom  he  has  had  nine  children,  eight  of  wliom  are 
now  alive.  Mr.  Whittaker  is  much  respected  and  lives 
surrounded  by  relatives  and  friends. 

WASSON  JOHX,  farmer.  Sec.  14,  P.  O. 
Brimfield,  was  born  in  Cayuga  county,  N.  V.,  in  1833, 
came  to  Marshall  county.  111.,  in  1852,  where  he  re- 
mained one  year,  and  then  removed  to  Elmwood,  Peo- 
ria county,  where,  on  Nov.  13,  1854,  he  married  Betsy 
C.  Aldrich,  who  was  born  in  Missouri  in  1836.  Has 
had  eleven  children,  ten  now  living.  .Mr.  Wasson 
came  to  Sec.  14  of  Millbrook  township  in  1S68,  where 
he  owns  160  acres  of  land,  all  well  improved  and  worth 


810 


HISTORY  OF  PEOUI.V  COUNTY. 


abouf  $3,O30.  He  has  resided  in  this  county  since 
1S53,  in  Elmwood,  Rrimfield,  Jubilee  and  Millbrook 
townshipi :  has  held  the  office  of  road  commissioner 
for  three  years,  and  is  at  present  one  of  the  school 
trustees. 

WHITE  JOHN',  farmer,  Sec.  5,  P.O.  Elmore, 
was  bom  in  Frederick  county,  Md.,  Aug.  9,  1812,  and 
came  to  Richland  county,  O.,  in  Oct.,  1827,  where  he 
remained  till  1835,  when  he  came  to  Peoria  county 
with  the  .Smith  family,  who  settled  on  Sec.  7  of  Mill- 
brook  township,  Oct.  15,  1835.  He  helped  them  to 
build  their  cabin,  and  worked  out  in  the  neighborhood 
for  three  years,  and  then  began  an  improvement  for 
himself.  Bought  from  the  government  the  west  half 
of  the  south  west  of  .Sec.  5 ;  made  his  entry  Jan.  13, 
1836:  commenced  his  improvement  in  1839,  and  has 
ever  since  remained  in  the  same  section.  The  first 
election  Mr.  White  attended  was  at  Princeville,  in  1S36, 
when  Theragood  Smith  was  elected  justice  of  the 
peace.  In  183S  he  married  Miss  Eliza  A.  Kigou,  who 
was  bom  in  Ohio  in  1820,  by  whom  he  had  four  chil- 
dren, only  one  now  living.  Mis  wife  died  in  Aug., 
1846,  and  on  Feb.  17,  184S,  he  married  .Miss  Permelia 
Aby,  who  bore  him  two  children,  one  of  whom  has 
since  died.  His  second  wife  died  Feb.  iS,  1S51,  and 
he  then  married  Miss  Eliza  Briggs,  on  April  20,  1 854, 
the  fruit  of  which  marriage  was  nine  children,  six  of 
whom  survive.  Mr.  White  owns  200  acres  of  land, 
worth  about  |!6,ooo,  and  has  90  acres  of  it  under  cul- 
tivation. 

WHITTAKKB  KOBEKT,  farmer.  Sec.  27. 
P.O.  lirinificlil,  was  born  in  Ireland  in  1S36,  and  came  to 
Peoria  county  in  1840  and  settled  in  his  present  loc-ition 
in  l8j6.  In  1864  he  married  Miss  Frances  l!urnell,  who 
was  born  in  Peoria  county  in  1S47,  and  has  borne  him 
four  children.  Owns  165  acres  of  well  improved  and 
cultivated  land,  worth  $9,900. 

Wllfiirtl  JiiHelih.  farnipr,  1*.  *>.  Miiiilca. 
Wlll.-tt  K.  II.  fanner.  H.  O.  Kliiiuro. 
Wlllt'Et  l.l'iiun,  farmor,  I*.  (>.  Klninrr. 

WILI.KTT  <>.  I*,  farmer.  Sec.  20,  P.O.  El- 
more, was  born  in  W.iync  county,  Ind.,  in  1821,  where 
he  was  bred  a  farmer,  and  came    to  I'eoria    county  in 


l8s6,  settling  on  Sec  30.  which  has  ever  lince  been  hit 
home.  Married,  in  1643,  Miss  Margaret  Nelson,  of 
Fayette  county,  Ind.,  who  was  born  in  1S24.  Has  had 
six  children,  three  of  them  being  now  alive.  Mr.  \Vil. 
lett  owns  iSo  acres  of  land,  worth  $9,400.  160  acres  of 
which  are  under  cultivation.  He  is  a  good  fanner  and 
an  esteemed  citizen  ;  has  held  the  ofiice  of  township 
commissioner  for  several  years,  and  has  also  been  as- 
sessor and  school  trustee. 

WINX'HESTEIt  GEO.  E.  merchant.  P.  O. 
Elmore,  was  bom  in  Clinton  county,  Penn.,  in  1853, 
and  came  to  Peoria  county  in  186S.  Married,  ten  years 
later.  Miss  Emma  L.  Winchester,  who  was  bom  in  this 
county  in  i860.  Mr.  Winchester  has  been  in  mercan- 
tile business  for  many  years,  and  has  in  stock  at  his 
present  location  a  large  and  varied  assortment  of  gen- 
eral merchandise. 
Wiiinf  liuxh,  farmer,  H.  o.  Brimncld. 

WYCOFFE  AAltON  D.  (deceased),  res.  of 
widow.  Sec.  30,  P.  O.  French  Grove.  Mr.  W.  was  born 
in  New  Jersey  in  1S20,  and  in  1836  came  with  his  pa- 
rents to  Peoria  county,  settling  in  Millbrook  township. 
They  were  among  the  first  settlers  there,  and  the 
county  was  in  a  totally  unimproved  slate  at  the  tine 
of  their  coming.  Mr.  Wycoffe,  on  Dec.  9.  l555.  mar- 
ried Mrs.  Harriet  Dye,  who  was  born  in  Warren 
county,  N.  J.,  in  1820,  by  whom  he  had  two  daughters, 
twins,  bom  Oct.  30,  1S56.  He  died  Aug.  9,  1871.  Was 
a  quiet,  unassuming  man,  a  good,  reputable  citizen, 
and  was  much  respected  by  those  he  was  brought  in 
contact  with.  Previous  to  her  marriage  with  Mr.  Wy- 
coffe,  his  surviving  partner  was  married,  on  Oct.  30, 
1838,  to  Dr.  Wm.  B.  Dye,  to  whom  she  bore  five  chil- 
dren, two  of  whom  are  now  living.  Dr.  Dye  died  May 
23,  1849,  and  three  years  later  his  widow  came  to  Peo- 
ria county,  and  now  resides  with  her  two  daughters  at 
their  pleasant  home  on  Sec.  20,  where  she  owns  l»o 
acres  of  well  cultivated  land,  worth  about  $6,000.  Mr». 
WyconTe  is  a  member  of  the  (."hristian  Church. 

WYCOFFE  GEO.  V.  farmer.  Sec.  SO,  P.  O. 
Elmore. 


PRINCEVILLE   DIRECTORY. 


811 


PRINCEVILLE    TOWNSHIP. 


AdsinsEzra.  farmer.  I".  O.  rrlnceTllle. 
Albertson  J.  farmer.  P.O.  Princeville. 
Alder  Win.  station  agent.  P.  O.  Princeville. 
Alforrt  Chas.  farmer.  P.  O.  Duncan. 
Alforil  M.  farmer,  P.  O.  Duncan. 

ALLWOOD  THOS.  retired,  P.  O.  Princeville. 
ALTER  WM.  H.  station  agent,  Princeville. 
Was  born  in  Northumberland  county,  Pa.,  in  1834,  and 
came  with  his  parents  to  Peoria  county  in  1S37.  Settled 
first  in  Peoria,  and  came  to  Princeville  in  1852.  Mar- 
ried, in  1855,  Miss  Jemima  Martin,  who  was  born  in 
England  in  1834,  by  whom  he  has  had  four  children, 
only  one  of  whom  is  now  alive.  His  father  died  in 
1S62.  Mr.  Alter's  brother,  Charles  E.  Alter,  was  a 
member  of  Co.  K.,  86th  111.  Inf.,  and  was  killed  in  the 
battle  of  Bentonville,  in  Alabama.  He  has  been  station 
agent  at  Princeville  since  Oct.  10,  1871,  and  gives  great 
satisfaction  in  the  position,  both  to  the  railroad  com- 
pany and  to  the  people  of  Princeville. 

Andrews  Cordelia,  farmer.  P.  O.  Princeville. 
Andrews  .S.  A.  farmer,  P.  O.  Princeville. 
Angleword  Jas.  farmer.  P.  O.  Duncan. 
ArmstronK  E.  farmer.  P.  O.  Monica. 
Armstrong  I.  I.  farmer,  P.  O.  Monica. 

ARMSTRONG  JOSEPH,  farmer  and  justice 
of  the  peace,  Sec.  19,  P.  O.  Monica.  Was  born  in 
Washington  county,  Pa.,  in  1820,  and  in  1S41  married 
Miss  Martha  McNeil,  who  was  born  in  the  same 
county  in  1817,  by  whom  he  has  had  eleven  children, 
nine  of  them  now  living.  Came  to  Peoria  county  in 
1 85  5,  settling  on  the  northeast  quarter  of  Sec.  19,  where 
he  has  ever  since  remained.  He  has  been  a  justice  of 
the  peace  since  1S57,  and  is  now  serving  his  thirteenth 
year  as  supervisor.  Owns  420  acres  of  land,  worth 
$21,200,  and  has  320  acres  under  cultivation.  His  farm 
was  all  raw  land  when  he  came  here,  but  is  now  in  a 
highly  improved  state,  with  good  buildings  upon  it. 
Mrs.  Armstrong  died  March  3,  1877. 

ATEN  CHARLES  S.  carpenter,  P.  O. 
Princeville.  Was  born  in  New  Jersey  in  1829.  Mar- 
ried, on  Sept.  25,  1852,  Miss  Susan  Litts,  who  was  also 
born  in  New  Jersey,  in  1S32,  and  by  whom  he  has  had 
ten  children  ;  six  are  now  living.  Came  with  his  family 
to  Peoria  county  in  1S54,  and  engaged  in  the  business 
of  carpenter,  which  he  followed  until  1862,  when  he 
enlisted  in  Co.  K,  86th  111.  Vol.,  and  in  course  of  his 
military  career  was  present  at  the  Perryville,  Ky.,  en- 
gagement, and  the  charge  at  Kenesaw  Mountain,  at 
which  latter  encounter  he  lost  the  index  finger  of  his 
left  hand.  He  was  mustered  out  at  Washington,  D. 
C,  June  2,  1865,  when  he  returned  to  Princeville  and 
resumed  his  trade  of  carpenter,  which  he  has  since  con- 
tinued. 

Auten  E.  banker.  P.  O.  Princeville. 
Auten  Peter.  P.  ().  Princeville. 


Avllne  J.  resUurant,  P.  O.  Princeville. 
Kane  VVm.  farmer.  P.  O.  Princeville. 
Karr  D.  huckster.  P.  O.  Princeville. 
llarr  KllzaE.  A.,  P.  ().  Princeville. 
Heltord  K.  farmer.  P.  O.  Monica. 
Ueltord  G.  W.  farmer,  P.  O.  Princeville. 
Benjamin  R.  J.,  J.  P.,  P.  O.  Princeville. 
Best  Wm.  farmer.  P.  O.  Monica. 
Rli-ham  M.  L.  farmer,  P.  O.  Princeville. 
Blakewell  T,  laborer,  P.  O,  Princeville. 

BLANCHjVRD  F.  B.  grain,  coal,  and  general 
dry  goods  dealer,  P.  O.  Princeville,  was  born  in  Law- 
rence county.  111.,  in  1835,  and  came  to  Peoria 
county  in  1836.  Married,  in  1857,  Miss  Amy  Reves, 
who  has  presented  him  with  eight  children,  five  of 
them  now  living.  Mr.  Blanchard  farmed  until  1866, 
then  engaged  in  general  dry  goods  business,  and  has 
since  added  to  it  that  of  grain  dealer.  He  does  a  good 
business,  is  well  located,  keeps  a  well  selected  stock  of 
dry  goods  and  notions,  and  gives  the  top  market  price 
for  grain. 
Blanchard  J.  L.  lumberman,  P.  O.  Princeville. 

BLANCHARD  M.  BI.  magistrate,  P.  O. 
Princeville,  was  born  in  Lawrence  county,  111.,  in  1825, 
and  came  with  his  parents  in  1836,  to  Peoria  county. 
Settled  on  Sec.  22,  the  country  around  being  entirely 
unimproved.  There  were  only  three  log  cabins  between 
their  place  and  Peoria.  The  nearest  settlement  was 
Atkins,  fifteen  miles  southwest  and  twenty-five  miles 
northeast  was  Boyd's.  The  nearest  mill  was  in  Taze- 
well county,  and  it  took  about  six  days  to  make  the 
trip  there  and  back.  In  1845  Mr.  Blanchard  married 
Miss  Amanda  Bliss,  who  was  born  in  New  York  in 
1826,  by  whom  he  has  had  eight  children,  six  are  now 
alive.  Has  ser\'ed  six  years  as  constable  of  Princeville, 
and  is  now  serving  his  third  year  as  peace  magistrate. 
Was  also  for  about  two  years  postmaster,  receiving  the 
appointment  under  the  administration  of  President 
Johnson,  and  finishing  his  term  in  that  of  Grant. 
Bliss  O.  C.  farmer.  P.  O.  Princeville. 

BLISS  S0L03I0N,  druggist,  P.  O.  Prince- 
ville, was  born  in  Chatauqua  county,  New  York,  in 
1821.  Came  to  Peoria  county.  111.,  in  183S,  and  settled 
in  Princeville  in  1839.  Married,  in  1842,  Miss  Elizabeth 
L.  Blanchard,  who  was  born  in  Lawrence  county.  111., 
in  1 8 19,  by  whom  he  has  had  eight  children,  five  boys 
and  three  girls.  Mrs.  Bliss  died  at  Princeville  in  1878. 
Having  come  to  the  county  at  such  an  early  date,  Mr. 
Bliss  has  naturally  been  a  witness  of  the  inception  and 
progress  of  many  of  the  existing  improvements.  He 
was  a  farmer  the  most  of  his  life,  but  at  present  con- 
ducts a  good  business  in  drugs,  paints  and  oils,  etc.  He 
owns  eighty  acres  of  good  land  near  Princeville,  is  com- 
fortably situated,  and  a  member  of  the  Methodist 
Church. 


SI- 


HISTORY   OF   PEORIA   COUNTY. 


BOWMAN  JOHN,  saw  miller  ind  coal  mine 
proprietor,  P.  O.  rrinceville,  was  born  in  Scotland  in 
1S44.  and  came  to  Peoria  county  in  1S67.  Commenced 
the  sawing  business  in  1S74.  and  in  1S7S  sunk  a  shaft 
for  coal,  one  and  one-fourth  miles  north  of  Princeville, 
and  was  successful  in  finding  it,  though  at  first  he  had 
much  trouble  in  working  it,  owing  to  insufficient  means 
of  getting  rid  of  the  water  that  accumulated  in  the  pit, 
bnt  after  sinking  the  third  shaft  his  perseverance  was 
rewarded  by  striking  good  coal,  which  could  be  profit- 
ably mined,  the  vein  running  from  three  to  five  feet  in 
thickness.  These  are  the  only  coal  mines  being  worked 
near  Princeville.  Mr.  Bowman  owns  five  acres  of  coal 
lands,  besides  other  property  in  Princeville,  worth 
about  $3,S00. 

BRINK  STEPHEN  Rev.  P.O.  Princeville, 
was  born  in  McDonough  county,  111.,  in  183S.  He 
was  brought  up  on  a  farm,  and  afterwards  attended  the 
common  and  high  schools.  He  entered  the  ministry  in 
i860.  Enlisted  Sept.  10,  1862,  and  was  commissioned 
captain  of  Co.  D,  124th  Reg.  I.  V.  Inf.,  and  served 
until  Aug.  II,  1S63,  when  he  resigned  his  commission 
on  account  of  ill  health.  He  took  part  with  his  com- 
pany in  the  Vicksburg  campaign,  and  was  present  at 
its  surrender.  The  reverend  gentleman  has  been  a 
minister  of  the  gospel  of  Christ  ever  since  leaving  the 
army  ;  has  fought  under  that  banner  in  many  places, 
and  done  good  service  in  that  caui^e.  He  is  much 
respected  and  liked,  both  as  pastor,  citizen  and  neigh- 
bor. 

Itroniinri  H.  rellrtvl  fanner.  P.  o.  Princeville. 
Ilruiiuy  11..  fariiuT.  P.  l».  Prlnci-vIUe. 
Htlrhaiiiiri  ,1.,  farmer,  P.  O.  Monlra. 
BuFKvii.'*  K.  M.,  aK»''it.  1'.  o.  PrliicvvUle. 

BURGESS  OREEN,  hardware,  P.  O.  Mon-  . 
ica,  was  bom  in  I'ulaski  county,  Ky.,  in  1844,  and 
came  to  Pcori.i  county  in  1855  ;  married  in  1877,  Miss 
Clara  Cornwell.  who  was  born  in  Peoria  county  in 
1856,  by  whom  he  has  one  child,  Albert  R.,  who  was 
born  March  19,  1879.  Mr.  Burgess  began  in  his  pres- 
ent business  at  Monica,  in  1876.  Keeps  a  fine  slock  of 
goods,  and  does  a  good  business. 

llufKeHW  Willis,  farnirr.  I*.  O.   Monica. 
Hiirni  Pcl*T,  farintT,  P.  o.  Munlca. 
Hutlcrf.  >1  .  P.  <>.  Prlnicvlllr. 
L'ahriiii  II.  K..  farmi-r  P.  o.  .Monica. 
C'alilwi-ll,  It.,  farin>T,  P,  ().  Monica, 
ralliotin  Henry,  furnicr.  P.  o.  Princeville. 
Cameron  Anuu.^J..  P.O.  Prlnrevllle, 

CAMPBELL  JAMES  E.  furniture  dealer. 
P.  O.  Princeville,  was  born  in  Iloone  county,  Ky..  in 
1810;  went  to  Indiana  in  iSjo,  and  worked  at  his 
trade  of  carpenter  till  1861,  when  he  went  (o  Oilman, 
111.,  and  pursued  his  trade,  and  kept  hotel,  till  1S63, 
when  he  came  to  Peoria  county,  and  two  years  later,  to 
Princeville,  and  in  the  following  year  began  in  the  fur- 
niture business,  which  he  has  since  conducted,  Mr. 
Campbell's  father  was  one  of  the  earliest  settlers  of 
Boone  county,  Ky. ;  he  had  a  family  of  eleven  children. 


and  raised  ten  of  them.  His  mother's  grandfather  and 
grandmother  were  killed  by  the  Indians  in  Virginia, 
when  her  father  was  quite  young.  He  had  been  sent 
to  mill,  and  on  his  return  home,  found  the  house  in 
flames,  and  his  father  and  mother  both  dead.  Mr. 
Campbell  owns  a  house  and  lot  in  Princeville,  and  it 
was  worth  about  $4,000. 

CAMPBELL  L.  L.  merchant,  P.  O.  Monica, 
was  bom  at  Rising  Sun,  Ind.,  in  1 844  ;  came  to  Peoria 
county,  in  1S6S.  and  was  engaged  in  the  dry  goods 
business,  as  clerk  for  Mr.  Simpson,  at  Princeville.  from 
1870  to  1873,  when  he  came  to  Monica,  built  a  store 
and  dwelling  house,  and  continued  to  sell  goods  on  Mr. 
Simpson's  account,  until  1878,  when  he  went  into 
business  for  himself,  carrying  a  stock  of  general  dry 
goods,  boots  and  shoes,  etc.  On  January  I,  1874,  be 
married  Miss  Sophia  Edwards,  who  was  bora  in  Peoria 
county,  in  1831.  They  have  been  blessed  with  one 
child,  Edith,  who  was  born  January  12,  1S75.  In 
1S61,  Mr.  Campbell  enlisted  in  Co.  A.,  37ih  Ind. 
Infty,.  and  served  in  succession  as  Company.  Regi- 
mental and  Brigade  Bugler,  and  Brigade  Postmaster, 
The  principal  engagements  he  took  part  in,  were 
those  of  Stone  River,  Chicamauga,  Atlanta,  and 
Jamestown ;  was  mustered  out  in  1S64,  and  imme- 
diately re-enlisted  in  the  13th  Ohio  Cavalry,  which  was 
assigned  to  Sheridan's  command,  and  was  in  the  last 
charge  at  Petersburg,  near  the  close  of  the  war :  was 
mustered  out  of  the  service  as  dismounted  cavalry,  on 
July  4,  1S65,  Mr.  Campbell  is  a  nephew  of  James 
Campbell,  of  Princeville,  and  also  of  John  Campbell, 
of  .Millbrook.  He  and  his  wife  are  members  of  the 
Presbyterian  Church. 

Campbell  Mollis  E..  farmer.  P.  O.  Monica. 
Champ  Olive.  P.  O.  Princeville. 

CH.VRLES  J.  E.  M.  D.,  P.  O.  Princeville,  was 
born  in  /Mleghany  county.  Pa.,  in  1815  ;  married  in  1842, 
Miss  Margaret  Oliver,  who  was  born  in  Ohio  in  1822; 
went  to  Ohio,  and  there  remained  till  1849,  when  he 
crossed  the  plains  to  California  ;  came  back  East,  and 
again  in  1S53  crossed  the  plains,  remaining  in  California 
till  1S61.  Mr.  Charles  began  to  read  medicine  in  1S37, 
and  attended  lectures  in  the  Medical  College,  at  Cin- 
cinnati,  during  the  terms  of  1838  and  1S39;  graduated 
in  the  latter  year,  and  began  the  practice  of  medicine 
in  1840;  came  to  Princeville  in  1861,  and  has  since 
then  built  up  a  large  practice.  He  owns  285  acres  of 
land,  and  is  in  comfortable  circumstances. 
Church  Koslni^  P.  O.  Prlncerlllc 

CHURCH  WILLI.V.M  W.  retired,  P.  O. 
Princeville,  was  born  in  county  Derry,  Ireland,  in  1804, 
and  immigrated  to  New  Brunswick  in  1823,  where  he 
remained  till  1825,  when  he  returned  to  Ireland.  In 
1827  he  again  came  to  New  Brunswick  and  engaged  in 
the  dry  goods  busincu  in  St.  John  till   1829,  when  he 


PRINCKVILLE   DIUECTOUY. 


813 


removed  to  Pennsylvania  and  engaged  for  the  first  time 
in  agricultural  pursuits;  remained  there  till  1S40,  when 
he  came  to  Peoria  county,  settling  on  Sec.  6  in  Jubilee 
township.  In  1S42  Mr.  Church  hauled  wheat  to  Chi- 
cago, selling  it  for  forty-three  cents  a  bushel.  It  took 
him  eleven  days  to  make  the  round  trip,  carrying  his 
provisions  with  him  and  camping  on  the  road.  Before 
leaving  home  Mr.  Church  received  a  liberal  education ; 
had  the  advantage  of  a  private  tutor  in  his  father's 
family  ;  attended  classes  at  Foyle  College  for  four  years, 
and  went  thence  to  the  Royal  Academical  Institute. 
He  is  the  son  of  John  Church  and  Elizabeth  Charles, 
who  had  a  family  of  sixteen  children,  Mr.  Church  being 
the  fifteenth  child  and  fifth  son.  His  father  was  born 
in  1754;  married  in  17S3,  Elizabeth  Orr  ;  was  created 
Deputy  Governor  of  thecounty  of  Londonderry  in  1793) 
before  the  Union,  and  died  in  November,  1818.  His 
third  son,  James,  now  inherits  his  property.  The  sub- 
ject of  this  sketch  married  in  1S23,  at  St.  John,  N.  B., 
Miss  Jane  Irwin,  who  bore  him  twelve  children,  six  of 
each  sex,  and  who  died  March  25,  1S67.  Three  of  his 
daughters  are  also  dead.  Married  in  1872  his  present 
wife,  then  a  Mrs.  Goodman,  whose  grandmother  lives 
in  the  township  and  is  the  oldest  person  in  it,  having 
been  born  in  Northampton  county,  Penn.  in  1781.  She 
came  to  Peoria  county,  from  Canada,  in  1848,  and  re- 
sides with  her  son  ;  has  been  twice  married,  first  to  a 
Mr.  Grant  and  then  to  Mr.  Leonard  Klinck  ;  retains 
the  use  of  her  faculties  in  a  wonderful  degree,  and  is 
able  to  walk  over  to  her  granddaughter's  when  she  visits 
her.  Mr.  Church  owns  150  acres  of  land  under  good 
cultivation,  and  belongs  to  the  Episcopal  Church  ;  Mrs. 
Church  is  a  member  of  the  M.  E.  Church. 

CLARK  DENNIS  D.  P.  O.  Monica,  was 
born  in  Adams  county  in  1846,  and  was  raised  on  a 
farm,  where  he  remained  till  1871,  coming  to  Monica 
July  25  of  that  year,  to  fill  the  position  of  railroad 
agent  and  operator  there  upon  the  Rushville  branch  of 
the  C,  B.  &  Q.  R.  R.,  then  just  opened  for  traffic,  and 
continued  as  agent  for  seven  years.  He  married,  in 
1874,  Miss  Rhoda  J.  Walkington.  who  was  a  native  of 
the  Isle  of  Man,  England,  who  has  since  presented  him 
with  a  child.  Mr.  Clark  is  a  shrewd,  active  man,  has 
been  in  the  land  business,  and  is  at  present  engaged  in 
the  manufacture  of  drain  tile  ;  is  a  notary  public,  and 
has  filled  the  office  of  township  collector  one  year,  and 
that  of  town  clerk  for  the  last  three  years. 

Cluskey  Henry,  farmer,  P.  O.  Monica. 
Coburn  E.  farmer,  P.  O.  Prlncevllle. 
Coburn  R.  .Mrs.  P.  O.  Prlncevllle. 
Collins  Thos.  farmer,  P.  O.  Monica. 
Conklla  A.  B.  farmer  P.  O.  Munlra. 
Conrad  J.  J.  farmer,  P.  O.  PrlDcevUle. 

COOK  ROGER,  farmer.  Sec.  29,  P.  O.Monica, 
was  born  in  England  in  1816,  and  in  1840  married  Miss 
Jane  Dabb,  who  was  also  bom  there  in  1822.  Immi- 
grated to  America  in  1850,  and  came  to  Peoria  county 


in  the  following  year  to  their  present  home  in  1859. 
He  owns  160  acres  of  land,  all  under  excellent  cultiva- 
tion, and  worth  about  S9.600.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Cook 
have  had  in  all  thirteen  children,  six  born  in  England 
and  seven  in  America.  They  have  all  grown  to  be  men 
and  women,  and  are  all  alive.  Seven  of  them  are  mar- 
ried and  the  others  remain  at  home.  Mr.  Cook,  his 
wife  and  all  his  family  are  members  of  the  M.  E. 
Church. 
Coun  I,,  railro.ad  laborer.  P.  O.  Prlncevllle. 

CORBETT  JOHN  O.  hotel  keeper,  P.  O' 
Princeville,  son  of  James  and  Eveline  Corbett,  nee 
Glasgow,  natives  of  Pennsylvania,  who  immigrated  to 
Bureau  county  (Princeton),  in  184S,  where  Mr.  Corbett. 
Sr.  followed  the  mercantile  business.  He  died  May, 
1S78,  his  widow  still  living.  John  G.  was  bom  in 
MifHin  county.  Pa.,  on  the  13th  day  of  December,  1845; 
came  with  his  parents  to  Princeton,  111.  when  he  was 
two  years  old,  where  he  received  his  education.  En- 
listed in  Feb.,  1864,  in  the  64th  I.  V.  I.,  Co,  B.,  Col. 
Morrell,  and  served  until  the  close  of  the  war.  Was 
in  the  Atlanta  campaign,  march  to  the  sea,  and  thence 
to  Washington  and  the  grand  review.  After  the  war 
he  returned  to  Princeton  and  engaged  in  the  harness 
business  one  year  ;  thence  to  Putnam  county,  and  re- 
mained until  the  Fall  of  1869  ;  then  bought  a  shop  in 
Princeville  and  there  followed  his  trade  until  1877.  In 
1S73  he  married  Miss  Sarah  A.  Rice,  of  Princeville, 
who  was  born  in  Green  county.  Pa.,  Aug.  23,  1854,  and 
has  borne  him  three  children  —  James  R.,  Eva  E.  and 
Wm.  P.  He  is  a  member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.  and  Ma- 
sons. Published  the  independent  paper  of  Princeville 
two  years.     Is  at  present  engaged  in  the  hotel  business. 

Cornwell  Clara,  farmer,  P.  O.  Monica. 
Cornwell  I).  B.  farmer,  P.  O.  Monica. 
Curnwell  K.  IC.  farmer,  P.  O.  Monica, 
ccniwill  I..inra.  farmer.  P.  O.  Monica, 
rnrnwell  M.  C.  farmer.  P.  O.  Monica. 
Cornwell  Margaret,  farmer,  P.  O.  Monica. 
Cornwell  S.  S.  farmer,  P.  O.  Monica. 

CRAWFORD  H.  W.  station  agent  Monica  ; 
was  born  in  Augusta  county,  Va.,  in  1S58,  where  he 
received  his  early  education,  afterwards  attending  the 
Classical  College  at  Fancy  Hill,  and  the  Washington 
and  Lee  University,  at  Lexington,  ICy.  lie  learned 
telegraphy,  since  coming  to  Illinois,  and  was  made  an 
extra  agent  on  the  C,  B.&  Q.  R.  R.  On  July  10,  1878. 
he  took  charge  of  the  station  of  Monica,  where  he  has 
since  given  great  satisfaction  as  agent  and  man  of 
business.  Mr.  Crawford's  father  died  in  Virginia,  and 
his  mother  resides  at  Staunton  in  the  same  State. 
Cully  Patrick,  farmer.  P.  O.  Prlncevllle. 

CU3IMINS  HENRY  C.  farmer.  Sec.  19,  P. 
O.  Monica  ;  was  born  in  Peoria  county,  in  1848,  and  is 
the  son  of  William  Cummins,  who  settled  on  Sec.  24, 
of  Millbrook  township,  where  he  improved  a  farm  and 
and   raised  his  fa?nily,  finally  dying  on  the  old  hom?- 


814 


HISTOKY   OF   PEOUIA   COUNTY. 


stead  in  1S56.  Mr.  Henry  C.  Cummings.  in  1370, 
married  Miss  Mary  Whitlington,  who  was  bom  in 
McDonough  county,  111.,  in  1S49,  and  by  whom  he 
has  had  four  children  ;  came  to  his  present  home  in 
1871,  where  he  owns  ninety-three  acres  of  land,  all 
under  good  cultivation  and  worth  about  $6,000.  He 
and  his  wife  are  members  of  the  M.  E.  Church. 

Cummins  O.  H.  faruier,  I'.O.  Monica. 
Cummins  H.  farmer,  V.  U.  Monica. 

CUMMINS    O.    W.    farmer.    Sec.    30,    P.O. 

Monica  ;  was   born   in    Summit   county,  in  1838,  and 

came  with  his  parents  to   Peoria  county,  in  1S40.     His 

father  settled  on  Sec.  24  of  Millbrook  township,  where 

he  raised  his  family  in  the  ways  of  industry,  and  died 

in  1856.     In    1863,  the  subject  of  this  sketch    married 

Miss  Angie  Nelson,  who  was  born  in  New  Jersey,  in 

1S47,  and  came    to  Peoria  county  with  her  parents  in 

the  year  after   her   birth  ;  they  came    to  their  present 

home  in  1S64,  and  have  had  six  children,  four  of  whom 

are  now  living.     Mr.  Cummins  owns  275  acres  of  land, 

200  of  which   is  under   excellent    cultivation    and    the 

balance  pasture  ;  altogether  worth  about  $15,000;  are 

both  members  of  the  M.  E.  Church. 

Cutler  M.  carpenter.  P.  O.  I'rlncevllle. 
Cox  Sarah  .\.  rarnu'r.  r.  o.  Duncan. 
Darlty  Tliuinas.  farnuT.  1'.  o.  luincan. 
Deal  R.  farmer.  V.  ().  Miinlia. 
Deal  K.  .s.  V.  mercliani.  1'.  O.  Monica. 

DEBORD  KEUBEN  K.  farmer.  Sec.  15, 
P.  O.  Princeville  ;  was  born  in  Pulaski  county,  Ky., 
May  II,  1818,  where  he  was  bred  a  farmer,  and  came 
to  Peoria  county  in  1839.  He  stayed  the  first  Winter 
with  John  Miller,  on  Sec.  16,  in  a  small  log  cabin  with 
a  sod  chimney  ;  during  the  Summers  of  1S41,  '42,  '43, 
he  followed  breaking  prairie  with  ox  teams,  working 
under  great  disadvantages.  During  the  Winters  cut 
wood  and  split  rails.  In  the  Spring  of  1844,  he  in 
partnership  with  Williams  his  brother-in-law,  bought 
a  brush  quarter  of  land  in  Radnor  township,  which 
they  improved,  and  on  which  they  remained  till  1848, 
when  he  went  to  Akron,  three  miles  north  of  Prince- 
ville, where  he  opened  a  farm,  and  remained  on  it  for 
about  ten  years,  removing  in  1858  to  .Sec.  15  of  Prince- 
ville township,  his  present  home,  and  has  now  as  good 
a  farm  as  there  is  in  the  neighborhood.  Coming  to  the 
county  with  nothing  but  good  health,  and  industrious, 
economical  habits,  he  has  by  the  prudent  exercise  of 
these  gifts,  become  possessed  of  a  good  competency, 
owning  240  acres  of  land  in  Sec.  15  ;  eighty  acres,  on 
Sec  17  ;  eighty  acres,  on  Sec.  8  ;  ten  acres  timber  lot, 
on  Sec.  7,  and  sixty-one  acres,  in  Akron  township, 
worth  altogether  about  $60  an  acre.  In  1843,  Mr. 
Debord  married  Miss  Julia  A.  Hall,  born  in  Knox 
county,  O.,  in  1827,  who  is  the  mother  of  eleven  chil- 
dren, six  sons  and  five  daughters,  all  living.  Mr. 
Uebord  has  served  his  township  two  years  as  trustee. 
In  1 845,  he  was  appointed  by  the  county  commissioners, 


along  with  B.  Williams  and  C.  Wilkins,  to  locate  a 
road  which  had  been  surveyed  between  Peoria  and 
Rock  Island,  but  the  road  having  been  laid  diagonally 
through  the  farms  of  the  county,  it  was  deemed  im- 
practicable, and  abandoned. 
DclKilt  Wm.  farmer.  P.  O.  Prlncerllle. 

DIXON  WM.  H.  horse  breeder  and  trainer.  P. 
O.  Monica.  Was  born  in  the  county  of  Durham.  Eng- 
land, in  1838.  and  in  1S60  married  Miss  Martha  Kell, 
who  was  bom  in  Sunderland,  England,  in  1837.  They 
came  to  .\merica  in  iS65,and  settled  in  Pituburg,  Pa., 
where  Mr,  Dixon  worked  in  the  coal  mines  till  1875, 
when  they  came  to  Peoria  county.  Mr.  Dixon  makes 
a  specialty  of  blooded  horses,  and  many  fine  ones  have 
passed  through  his  hands.  He  is  highly  respected  in 
the  community  as  a  citizen  and  neighbor. 
Dlion  MorRan.  vagonmakcr,  P.  O.  Prlnccrllle. 

DUKE  D.  T.,  M.  D.  p.  O.  Monica.  Was 
born  in  Lancaster  county.  Pa.,  in  1847,  and  coming  to 
Illinois  in  1866,  staid  with  hissi-sters  in  Canton  ;  began 
in  1870  the  study  of  medicine,  teaching  school  part  of 
the  time  ;  attended  lectures  at  the  College  of  Physi- 
cians and  Surgeons  at  Keokuk,  Iowa,  during  the  terms 
of  1S72  and  1873,  obtaining  at  the  close  of  the  latter 
term  his  diploma  as  M.  D.;  he  also  received  a  diploma 
at  the  hands  of  the  State  Illinois  Medical  Board.  He 
commenced  the  practice  of  medicine  at  Maquon,  Knox 
county,  in  1873;  moving  from  thence  to  Eugene,  in 
same  county,  and  afterwards  to  Monica,  where  he  has 
ever  since  resided,  and  has  built  up  a  good  practice 
and  is  much  liked  both  as  physician  and  citizen. 

Dunn  Wm.  In  AVron.  P.  O.  PrInceTllle. 
Dusten  .1.  W.  lal>nrer,  P.  I).  Princeville. 
KilwarU  Sarah,  P.  <>.  Princeville. 
Kllliilt  Julia  C.  farmer,  P.  O.  Monica. 
FalrfliM  I).  F.  harness  maker,  P.  O.  Monica. 

FAST  EMMET  E.  clerk,  Princeville.  Was 
born  in  Princeville.  in  1859,  and  has  also  been  raised 
there;  married  in  1879,  Miss  Mary  Gillin,  who  was 
born  in  Peoria  county  in  1858.  and  whose  parents  re- 
side in  Princeville.  Mr.  Fast's  parents  came  to  the 
place  in  1853,  and  have  remained  there  ever  since.  Hit 
father  owns  244  acres  of  good  land  in  Peoria  county, 
besides  other  property  in  different  States. 

FAST  JACOB,  retired.  P.  O.  Princeville.  Was 
born  in  Richland  county,  Ohio;  married  in  1S4&  Misi 
Martha  Stouffer,  who  was  born  in  Pennsylvania  in  l8»6; 
is«the  father  of  four  sons  —  Allen  C,  Charles  A.,  Em- 
met E.  and  Milton  E.  Fast ;  came  to  Peoria  county 
and  settled  in  Princeville  in  1853,  where  he  ha$  since 
remained.  His  father  was  born  in  Green  county.  Pa., 
and  is  eighty-three  years  of  age  ;  his  mother  at  the  age 
of  eighty-eight  is  also  living  ;  she  is  a  native  of  Vir- 
ginia. They  now  reside  in  Toulon,  Stark  county.  111. 
Mr.  Fast  has  been  an  active  business  man  in  Prince- 
ville, and  at  one  lime  carried  on  an  extensive  harness 


PRINCEVILLE   DIKECTOKY. 


815 


business,  and  afterwards  dealt  in  drugs  ;  owns  325  acres 
of  land,  worth  $16,000.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Fast  are  mem- 
bers of  the  M.  E.  Church. 

Fast  J.  H..  P.  O.  Prlncevllle. 
Fteniming  .J.  c.  painter,  P.  O.  Princeville. 
Frencti  I>.  farmer.  P.  O.  Prlncevllle. 
French  Lizzie.  P.  O.  Princeville. 
Friedman  John,  farmer.  P.  O.  Princeville. 
Fritz  Godfrev.  farmer.  P.  O.  Princeville. 
Frye  Lizzie,  P.  U.  Princeville. 
Frye  J.  engineer,  P.  o.  Princeville. 

FORD  PHIXEAS  K.  hotel-keeper,  P.  O. 
Monica.  Was  born  in  Licking  county,  Ohio,  February, 
1S26;  married  Miss  Mahala  Moats  in  1S47,  who  was 
born  in  the  same  county  as  himself  in  July,  iS2g.  They 
have  had  nine  children,  all  living.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Ford 
came  to  Illinois  in  1849;  settled  at  French  Grove,  Pe- 
oria county,  and  have  lived  in  this  and  Knox  counties 
ever  since.  Came  to  Monica  in  the  Fall  of  1878  and 
engaged  in  the  hotel  business,  which  he  has  since  profit- 
ably continued. 

Fuller  E.  C.  grocer,  P.  O.  Princeville. 
Gaetz  J.  shoemaker.  P.  O.  Monica. 
Garrison  O.  C.  groceryman.  P.  ().  Prlncevllle. 
Giles  Juo.  farmer,  P.  O.  Princeville. 

GIIiLIN  MILO  C.  blacksmith,  Princeville, 
was  born  in  Luzerne  county.  Pa,,  in  1836,  and  came 
to  Peoria  county  in  1S53,  Married,  in  1857,  Miss  Susan- 
nah Craig,  who  was  born  in  Peoria  county,  in  1S3S  ; 
they  have  three  children  ;  Mary  E.,  the  eldest,  born  in 
1858;  Charles  was  born  in  1861,  and  Dielsie  in  i86g. 
Mr.  Gillin  came  to  Princeville  in  June,  1S75,  and  has 
since  engaged  in  general  blacksmithing ;  has  a 
paint  and  wood  shop  also,  where  all  kinds  of  work  per- 
taining to  his  business  can  be  turned  out  ;  does  a  good 
and  steady  increasing  business.  He  enlisted  in  June, 
1862,  in  Co.  G,  67th  111.  Inf,  and  was  mustered  out  in 
October  of  the  same  year,  Mrs.  Gillin  and  two  of  her 
children  are  members  of  the  M.  E.  Church. 

Gilllng  J.  farmer,  P.  O.  Monica. 
Godfrey  S..  P.  O.  Priacevllle. 

GOETZ  JOSEPH,  boot  and  shoe  manufac- 
turer, P.  O.  Monica,  was  born  in  Bavaria,  Germany,  in 
1824  ;  came  to  New  York  and  worked  at  his  trade 
there  from  1850  to  1857,  when  he  came  to  Peoria 
county,  settling  in  Elmwood,  and  carried  on  business 
till  1875,  in  which  year  he  came  to  Monica,  where  he 
has  since  resided.  He  married,  in  I851,  Miss  Sibilla 
De.xler,  who  was  born  in  Baden,  Germany,  in  1818,  by 
whom  he  has  had  seven  children,  five  of  them  now 
alive  —  four  boys  and  one  girl.  Carries  a  fine  stock  of 
ready  made  goods  and  manufactures  himself  a  capital 
article.  Mr.  and  Mrs,  Goetz  are  members  of  the  Ger- 
man Catholic  Church. 

Goodman  .Jno.  farmer,  P.  O.  Monica. 
Gormand  I.  farmer.  P.  O.  Monica. 
Graves  S.  S.  farmer.  P.  O.  Duncan. 
Graves  Wm.  farmer,  P.  O.  Dunciin. 

GRAY  JAMES,  farmer,  Sec.  16,  P.O.  Monica, 

was  born  in  Glasgow,  Scotland,  in  1831  ;  came  to  New 

York  in    1852,  and  after  two  y?ars'  residence  removed 


to  Peoria  county  and  settled  on  his  present  home  in 
1856.  Married,  in  the  same  year,  Miss  Isabella  Mc- 
Cutchon,  who  was  also  a  native  of  Glasgow,  Scotland, 
and  was  born  there  in  1821 ;  has  five  children,  all  of 
whom  are  alive.  Mr.  Gray  is,  by  tiade,  a  plasterer,  and 
in  pursuit  of  business  made  trips  to  St.  Louis  and  New 
Orleans  before  settling  down  on  his  farm  ;  owns  120 
acres  of  land,  all  under  cultivation,  and  worth  about 
$6,000.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Gray,  with  their  eldest  son,  are 
members  of  the  Presbyterian  Church,  and  their  .second 
son  is  a  member  of  the  Baptist  Church. 
Grlswolrt  F.  A.  farmer,  P.  O.  Duncan. 
HAMMER  &  MAY,  P.  O.  Princeville. 

HAMMER  J.  D.  butcher,  P.  O.  Princeville, 
was  born  in  York  county.  Pa.,  in  1842.  Married,  in 
i860.  Miss  Julia  Metzel,  who  was  born  in  the  same 
State  and  county  as  her  husband,  in  1834.  They  have 
had  four  children  :  Elmer  E.,  born  July,  1861  ;  Lillie 
G.,  born  in  1864  ;  Cora  M.and  Harry  E.,  the  two  latter 
are  dead.  Mr,  Hammer  came  to  Princeville  in  1864, 
and  started  in  his  present  business  in  1867  ;  also  deals 
in  ice  and  ships  hogs  and  cattle  ;  owns  four  houses  and 
eight  lots,  besides  two  acres  of  land,  where,  in  the  Win- 
ter, he  carries  on  a  rendering  establishment,  worth  alto- 
gether about  $3,500.  He  and  his  wife  are  members  of 
the  M.  E.  Church, 

H-irding  R.  farmer,  P.  O.  Princeville. 
Harrington  Susanna,  P.  O.  Princeville. 
liarrison  W.  farmer.  P.  O.  Princeville. 

HARRISON  ROBERT  W.  farmer.  Sec.  35, 
P.  O.  Princeville,  was  born  in  Peoria  county  ni  1834  ;  is 
the  son  of  James  Harrison,  of  Yorkshire,  England, 
who  was  born  there  in  1809,  coming  to  America  in 
1822,  and  first  settling  in  Hampshire  county,  Va., 
where  he  remained  for  some  time,  and  married  Miss 
Susan  M.  Evans  in  1832,  finally  removing  in  1834  to 
Rosefield  township,  where  he  settled.  He  had  eleven 
children,  ten  of  whom  he  saw  grow  up  to  man  and 
womanhood.  Mr.  Robert  W.  Harrison  in  1S59  married 
Miss  E.  S.  Lawrence,  who  was  born  in  New  York 
State  in  1840.  Has  had  nine  children,  seven  of  whom 
are  now  alive.  Owns  411  acres  of  land,  worth  about 
$19,000,  300  acres  of  which  are  improved,  and  also 
owns  a  house  and  two  lots  in  Princeville,  worth  $600. 

HAWVER  WIL1LIA3I  P.  drugs  and  gro- 
ceries, P.  O.  Monica,  was  born  in  New  York  in  1830. 
Married  October  3.  1857,  Miss  Mary  A.  Price,  by 
whom  he  had  three  children.  She  died  September  2g, 
1863,  and  on  October  17,  of  the  succeeding  year,  he 
married  Miss  Lovina  J.  Cox,  who  bore  him  three  chil- 
dren, and  died  August  20,  1874.  Came  to  Peoria 
county  in  lS65,and  in  1870  to  Monica,  where  he  began 
the  grocery  business,  to  which  he  has  since  added  that 
of  drugs.  On  December  30,  1875,  he  married  Miss 
Nancy  A.  Davis,  who  has  presented  him  with  one  child. 
Mr,  Hawver  keeps  a  fine  and  well  selected  stock  of 


816 


HISTORY   OF   PEORIA   COUNTY. 


goods,  in  both  his  lines,  «nd  does  a  large  business.     He 

has  buried  four  boys,  and  has  one  boy  and  three  girls 

now  living. 

llenrT  Jno.  M.  farmer.  P.  O.  Prlnc»Tllle. 
Henry  Mirgarei,  farmer.  J'.  O.  PrlnceTllle. 

HEN'KY  K.  F.  physician.  P.  O.  Princeville. 
UerrlnKton  J.  H.  laborer.  P.  O.  PrlnceTlUe. 

HILL  CLAKK,  farmer.  Sec.  32,  P.  O.  Monica, 
was  born  in  Niacara  county,  N.  V.,  in  1830.  and  came 
to  Peoria  county  with  his  parents  in  1837,  when  his 
father  began  to  improve  the  farm  which  the  subject  of 
this  sketch  now  owns.  In  1S51  Mr.  Hill  married  Miss 
Betsy  E.  Bliss,  who  was  bom  in  New  York  in  1833, 
and  are  the  parents  of  seven  children,  all  of  them  now 
alive.  Owns  160  acres  of  land,  all  well  cultivated  and 
worth  to-day  about  $8,000.  He  has  lived  on  this  place 
ever  since  1838,  and  has  seen  all  the  land  around  him 
re-claimed  and  brought  to  its  present  high  state  of 
cultivation.  His  father  improved  his  land  under  great 
disadvantages,  his  boys  working  out  for  the  neighbors 
and  getting  their  land  broken  for  them  in  return.  Mr. 
Hill  and  family  are  members  of  the  M.  E.  Church. 

HEKRON  DAVID  W.  druggist,  P.  O.  Prince- 
ville. was  born  in  Franklin  county.  Pa.,  and  came  to 
Peoria  county  in  1848,  where  he  remained  till  1857, 
being  most  of  the  lime  a  resident  of  Peoria  city,  and 
in  the  last  named  year  went  to  Kansas,  and  was  in  that 
State  during  the  stormy  times  preceding  the  adoption 
of  its  Constitution.  Mr.  Herron  came  to  Princeville 
in  1869,  where  he  has  since  resided  doing  a  good  and 
incicisinc  business. 

HITCHCOCK  DANIEL,  miller,  and  justice 
of  the  peace,  P.  O.  Princeville,  was  born  in  Green 
county,  N.  Y.,  in  1827.  and  came  to  Peoria  county  with 
his  parents  in  1837.  settling  near  Princeville.  Married 
in  1849,  Miss  A.  M.  Brunson,  who  was  born  in  Ohio  in 
1832.  Mr.  Hitchcock  has  been  justice  of  the  peace 
fourteen  years  in  succession  in  Akron  town-ship.  Fol- 
lowed farming  the  most  of  his  time  till  1871,  when  he 
went  into  the  milling  business  ;  owns  a  half  interest  in 
the  mill,  which  is  a  good  property,  the  capacity  of  which 
is  100  bushels  a  day.  Mr.  Hitchcock  has  seen  great 
improvements  in  this  part  of  Peoria  county,  much  of 
it  being  a  wilderness  when  he  came  to  it. 

Hiu-hcock  K.  C,  V.  O.  Prlnc«Tllle. 

Hofer  J..  P.  C).  PrInceTlllo. 

Hunl  W.  \V.  Kr.iln  Ucalor,  P.  O.  Monlra. 

HUUD  W.  W.   P.O.Monica. 

IIllii«iworIh  T.  (froceryman.  P.O.  Prlnc«vlll«. 
Irwimi  KlUa.  P.  O.  I'riliri'Vldc. 
Irwiiir  .H  farmer.  P.  O.  I'rIiiceTllle. 
Kllnilt  I>.  t»ruuT,  P.  O.  Prlnce»llle. 
Kllnek  (iralmm.  niaaon.  P.  o.  PrlnccTllle. 

KXEEK  BENEDICT,  farmer  and  stock 
dealer.  Sec.  24,  P.  O.  Monica,  was  born  in  Germany  in 
183J,  and  came  to  Peoria  county  in  1853.  Married  in 
1856,  Miss  Eliia  Rheinharl,  who  was  born  in  Germany 
in  1831} ;  hat  ten  children,  all  living,     Mr.  Kneer  came 


to  this  county  a  poor  man,  and  worked  as  a  hired  man 
for  over  three  years,  but  by  strict  attention  to  business 
he  is  now  possessed  of  a  good  home,  with  160  acres  of 
land,  all  under  good  improvement,  and  worth  about 
$9,600  ;  deals  also  in  cattle  and  hogs,  and  has  shipped 
a  great  many  of  both,  since  he  began  the  business. 
Mrs.  KCneer  is  a  member  of  the  Lutheran  Church. 

Krunti  -,  P.  O.  Prliieevllle. 
l.»lr  L.  V.  farmer.  P.  l>.  Prlucerllle. 
LlTtTton  Clias.  farmer.  P.  o.  Monica. 
I.yneli  Janie.s.  fanner.  P.  o.  Monica. 

M.VXSFIELD  EI>W.\ltD,  farmer.  Sec.  36. 
P.  O.  Princeville.  was  born  in  New  York  State  in  1825  ; 
came  to  Peoria  county  in  1S54,  and  settled  on  section 
36,  his  present  home ;  owns  450  acres  of  land,  about 
240  acres  of  which  are  under  cultivation,  and  is  worth 
upwards  of  $17,000.  Married  in  1857,  Miss  Rebecca 
Fulton,  second  daughter  of  Josiah  Fulton,  one  of  the 
early  settlers  of  Peoria  county  ;  she  was  bom  in  1828, 
and  has  had  nine  children,  six  of  whom  are  now  living. 
Mr.  Mansfield  has  seen  many  changes  in  this  section 
of  the  county,  and  as  the  result  of  hard  labor  in  former 
years,  is  now  living  happily  with  his  family  on  one  of 
the  finest  farms  in  the  township. 

Mann  Wm.  farmer.  P.  O.  Monica. 
Mariln  .\nna.  fanner.  P.  O.  PrIuceTllle. 

MARTIN  L.  B.  M.  D.,  P.  O.  Monica,  was 
born  in  Ohio  in  1832;  came  to  Illinois,  settling  in  Fair- 
view,  Fulton  county,  in  1850,  where  he  taught  school 
and  lead  medicine  until  1S56,  when  he  began  to  prac 
tice.  He  was  the  first  physician  to  settle  in  Yates 
City.  Knox  county.  111.,  and  came  to  Monica  in  1874, 
where  he  has  a  good  and  steadily  increasing  practice  ; 
is  a  brother  of  Dr.  J.  W.  Martin,  of  Peoria  City.  In 
1863.  he  married  Miss  Anna  E.  Taylor,  who  was  bom 
in  New  Jersey  in  1S44,  and  they  have  been  blessed 
with  seven  children,  six  of  whom  are  now  living.  Mrs. 
Martin  is  a  member  of  the  M.  E.  Church. 

M.VKTIN  STEPHEN,  retired.  P.  O.  Prince- 
ville, is  a  native  of  Kent,  England,  where  he  was  bom, 
in  1806.  Married  in  1S33.  Miss  Frances  Batchelor, 
also  a  native  of  Kent,  and  bom  in  1813.  They  came  to 
Peoria  county  in  1838,  and  have  had  eight  children, 
seven  Iwing  now  alive.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Martin  joined 
the  M.  E.  class  at  Princeville,  in  1S42,  are  members  of 
that  Church  and  have  always  taken  an  active  part  in 
its  affairs.  Mr.  Martin  owns  his  present  home  in 
Princeville,   besides    about    122   acres  of  land   worth 

$5.500- 

McCnllery  O.  Mackamllh.  P.  O.  Monica. 

McCANN  T.  P.  farmer.  Sec.  3t.  ^  O.  Monica, 
was  born  in  Cayuga  county.  New  York,  in  1827  ; 
came  to  Peoria  county  with  his  parenU  in  1832 ; 
has  remained  in  the  county  ever  since.  Married  in 
1855.  Miss  Sarah  E.  Sargeant,  who  was  born  in  Fulton 
county  in  1836.     lias  two  children  :   Florence  J.,  who 


PRINCEVILLE   DIRECTORY. 


817 


was  born  May  ii,  1S59 ;  Hattie  F.,  who  was  born 
June  18,  1868.  In  1856,  he  came  on  to  Scotland, 
remaining  there  till  1872,  when  he  removed  to 
his  present  home,  where  he  has  eighty  acres  of  good 
land,  worth  about  $4,000.  Mr.  McCann  is  the  third 
child,  and  second  son,  of  Samuel  McCann,  who  came  to 
the  county  in  1S32,  and  is  one  of  the  oldest  settlers 
in  it. 

aicCOLREY  ORBIEN,  wagon  maker,  P.  O. 
Monica.  Was  born  in  New  .York  in  1833,  and  came 
to  Peoria  county  in  1844.  He  has  been  three  times 
married  ;  first,  to  Miss  Sarah  Basson,  in  1854,  by  whom 
he  had  one  child,  and  who  died  in  1856  ;  second,  to 
Mrs.  Nancy  Miller,  in  1S64,  who  also  bore  him  a  child, 
and  died  in  1873  ;  and,  third,  in  October  of  the  same 
year,  to  Mrs.  Hannah  Minner,  who  has  had  four  chil- 
dren. Has  five  children  living.  For  eighteen  years 
Mr.  McCoIrey  followed  the  business  of  mining,  and 
hauled  his  coal  into  Peoria  city.  In  1861  he  enlisted 
in  the  8th  Mo.,  Co.  C,  and  was  with  his  regiment  in 
eighteen  battles  and  skirmishes,  and  was  wounded  in 
the  nineteenth  one,  at  Vicksburg,  May  19,  1863.  Was 
mustered  out  June  28,  1864.  Afterwards  came  to 
Monica,  where  he  owns  his  shop  and  dwelling,  and 
where  he  is  doing  a  good  business. 

>rcrrca(lv  P.  K.  constable.  P.  O.  Princeville. 
McDaniel  R.  drayman,  P.  O.  Princeville. 
McDowell  Jas.  painter,  P.  O.  Princeville. 

McGINNIS  JOHN,  stock  dealer,  P.O.  Prince- 
ville. Was  born  in  Park  county,  Ind.,  on  Sept.  24, 
1833,  and  came  to  Peoria  county  with  his  parents  in  the 
second  year  thereafter.  His  parents  were  George  I. 
and  Sarah  McGinnis,  and  they  settled  at  Prince  Grove, 
near  Princeville,  where  John  was  raised  on  the  farm. 
His  father  died  in  1S76.  John  McGinnis  was  married 
on  Dec.  g,  1S58,  to  Miss  Sarah  J.  Russell,  born  in  Ohio, 
July,  1,836.  Enlisted  August  7,  1862,  in  Co.  K,  86th 
111.  Inf.,  and  was  mustered  out  at  Washington,  D.  C, 
June  7,  1865.  Served  as  sergeant,  but  was  brevet  lieu- 
tenant. He  has  160  acres  of  good  land  north  of  Prince- 
ville, and  is  comfortably  situated.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Mc- 
Ginnis are  members  of  the  M.  E.  Church. 
McGregor  Duncan,  farmer.  P.  O.  Duncan. 

McKUNE  JOHX  Jr.  thresher  and  auctioneer, 

P.  O.  Monica.     Is  the  son  of  John  McKune,  one  of  the 

oldest  settlers   in  the  county,  and  the  first  settler  in 

Jubilee  township.     He  was  an   active,  energetic  man, 

and  his  wife    is   still   living.     John  McKune,  Jr.,  was 

born  in  Peoria  county,  in   1848,  and  was  raised  on  the 

farm.     Was    married    in    September,    1874,    to    Mary 

Drumm,  who  was  born  in   Radnor  township,  in  1855, 

by  whom  he  has  two  children,  Ellen  and  James.     He 

came  to  Monica  March  I,   1879,  where  he  carries  on 

business. 

McMlllen  Charlotte,  farmer,  P.  O.  PrincevUIe. 

Mende!  D.  farmer,  P.  O.  Monica.  ^ 

Mendel  M.  farmer,  P.  O.  Monica.  » 


Mcrrltt  II.  F.  fanner,  P.  O.  Princeville. 
sillier  (Catharine,  farmer.  P.  (>.  Duncan. 
Mlllc'rir.  farmer,  P.O.  Princeville. 
Miller  M.  A..  P.  O.  Princeville. 
Miller  W.  L.  farmer,  P.  O.  Monica, 
stiller  Chris,  farmer,  P.  O.  Duncan. 

MILLS  JOB  B.  Kev.  P.  O.  Princeville. 

MOPFIT  A.  C.  wagon  and  carriage  manufac- 
turer,   P.  O.    Princeville.     Was    born    in    Woodford 
county.  111.,  in    1S40,  and  came   to    Peoria  county  in 
1S57.     Married  in  March,  1866,  Miss  Ruth  Harrison, 
who  died  July  5,    1871,   leaving  behind  her  two  chil- 
dren, who  were  born,  Sarah  E.,  on  Nov.  27,  1866,  and 
Susan  H.,  on    May  23,  1869.     Mr.  Moffit,  on  May  I, 
1873,  married  Miss  M.  J.  Rocliffe,  who  was  born   in 
Ohio  in  1S42,  by  whom  he  has  had  two  children,  Fred 
II.,  born  April  2,   1874,  and  Albert  R.,  born  October 
II,   1S76.     Commenced   his  present  business  in   1872, 
and  has  since  successfully  carried  it  on.     Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Moffit  are  members  of  the  Presbyterian  Church. 
Moody  M.  F.,  P.  O.  Princeville. 
MOODY  O.  retired,  P.  O.  Princeville. 
Moody  Talbot,  farmer,  P.  O.  Princeville. 
MORCOMBE  JOSEPH  E,  P.  O.  Princeville. 
Mott  W.  W.  farmer,  P.  O.  Princeville. 
MOYNIHAN  J.  Rev.  P.  O.  Princeville. 

Murdock  H.  farmer,  P.  O.  Princeville. 
Murdock  Isabella,  farmer.  P.  O.  Princeville. 
Murdock  .lames,  farmer,  P.  O.  Princeville. 
Mnrdock  \V.  farmer,  P.  O.  Princeville. 

KELSON  JOHN,  farmer.  Sec.  2g,  P.  O.  Monica. 
Was  born  in  Pennsylvania  in  1S17,  and  in  1836  mar- 
ried Miss  Lydia  Prall,  who  was  born  in  New  Jersey  in 
1S06;  came  to  Peoria  county  in  1S48,  and  to  section 
20  in  1S52;  where  he  bought  raw  land  and  made  a 
farm  ;  coming  to  the  county  a  poor  man,  he  has  by  in- 
dustry and  economy  become  possessed  of  a  nice  farm 
and  a  comfortable  home,  owning  145  acres  of  land  all 
well  improved,  and  worth  about  $9,700 ;  has  two 
children,  both  married  and  living  in  the  neighborhood. 
Mr  and  Mrs.  Nelson  are  members  of  the  M.  E.  Church. 

NICHOLAS  R.  J.  blacksmith,  P.  O.  Monica. 
Was  born  in  Peoria  city  in  1S47,  and  began  working 
at  his  trade  in  1866;  started  in  business  for  himself  at 
Galva,  111.,  in  1872;  married  in  1875,  Miss  Lottie 
Bundy,  who  was  born  in  Henry  county.  111.,  in  1857, 
who  has  since  presented  him  with  two  children  — Clytie 
and  Marion  G.  Mr.  Nicholas  came  to  Monica  in  June, 
1876,  engaging  in  blacksmith  and  general  repairing 
work,  and  does  a  large  business.  Nr.  Nicholas'  father 
was  a  cooper  by  trade,  and  came  to  Peoria  in  1854 
from  New  York,  and  died  in  Stark  county.  111.,  in 
i860;  his  mother  was  born  in  New  York  in  1806,  is 
still  alive  and  resides  in  family  with  him.  Mrs.  Nich- 
olas is  a  member  of  the  Baptist  Church. 

Nelson  .J.  farmer.  P.  O.  Monica. 
Nelson  .lolm,  fanner,  P.  O.  Monica. 
Ncl^oi]  Pliill]).  farmer.  P.  O.  Monica, 
o'l'.ririi  Tlios.  farmer,  P.  O.  Monica. 
I'adKct  Mrs.  farmer,  P.  O.  Monica. 


818 


HISTOKY  OF  PEORIA   COUNTY. 


PALMKK  THOMAS,  farmer.  P.  O.  Prince- 
ville.  Was  born  in  England  inj  1S21  ;  emigrated  to 
America,  coming  to  Ohio  in  1843.  and  remained  until 
1S50,  when  he  came  to  Peoria  county,  111.,  and  settled 
in  Millbrook  township  on  section  24.  where  he  opened 
a  farm,  removing  in  1S76  to  his  present  location  in 
Princeville,  where  he  owns  about  seventy-five  acres  of 
land,  besides  a  house  and  lot  worth  $6,500.  He  mar- 
ried before  coming  to  America,  Miss  Sarah  Stonier,  a 
native  of  England,  who  bore  him  three  children,  none 
of  whom  are  now  living.  Mrs.  Palmer  died  in  1873. 
and  in  the  following  year  he  married  .Miss  Mary  Dustan. 
who  was  bom  in  New  York  Stale,  by  whom  he  has 
two  bright  children  —  .Mary  E..  born  in  August.  1875, 
and  Thomas  D..  born  in  April,  1878.  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Palmer  are  members  of  the  M.  E.  Church. 

IMrence  .1.  laborer.  P.  O.  Prlni-evllle. 
Parker  Nancy.  f.-irmcr.  P.  O.   Prliicerllle. 
Pamell  Wni.  farmer.  P.  O.  Monica. 

PELNAK  JO.SEPH,  blacksmith.  P.  O.  Mon- 
ica. Was  bom  in  liohcmia,  in  1844  ;  came  to  America 
in  1864.  and  worked  at  his  trade  in  Wisconsin  foreight 
years  ;  married  in  1869,  Miss  Elizabeth  Morris,  who 
was  bom  in  Wales  in  1852.  They  have  had  four  chil- 
dren—  Charles  E..  born  Sept.  18,  1S73  ;  Alfred,  born 
Feb.  28.  1875  ;  Magdalina,  bom  Sept.  5,  1876.  and 
Lavina,  born  May  18.1878  ;  Lavina  died  June  23.  1879. 
Mr.  Pelnar  came  to  Monica  in  1872  and  engaged  in 
blacksmithing.  where  he  has  been  ever  since.  He  and 
his  wife  are  members  of  the  M.  E.  Church. 

Perkins  C.  D.  farmer.  P.  O,  Princeville. 
Pert  T.  retired  farmer.  P.  <).  Princeville. 
I'iKg  Anderson,  farmer,  P.  O.  Monica. 

POTTS    I>AVIl>  AV.    lawyer,   P.   O.    Prince- 

ville.  was  born  in  lirown  county.  Ohio,  in    1843  ;  came 

to  Peoria  county  in  1850  and  was  raised  on  a  farm  in 

that  county.     Married  in  1866   his   present   wife.   Miss 

Mary  k.  Vates.  who  has  borne  him  six  children  ;  she 

was  born  near  Wheeling.  W.  Va.     Mr.  Polls  began  the 

study  of  law  in  1872,  and  after  admission  to  the  bar  in 

1878  came  to  his  present  location,  where  he  has  since 

practiced  his  profession.     He  is  a  popular  gentleman 

and  does  a  good  business. 

Pratt  .1.  A.  tilackinilih.  P.  O.  Princeville. 
Prall  o.  s.  Iilarksinllh,  P.  u.  Princeville. 

PKOUTY  F,  E.  tinner,  P.  O.  Monica,  was 
born  in  Stark  county,  111..  July  25,  1857;  w.is  brought 
up  on  a  farm  until  seventeen  years  of  age,  when  he  went 
lo  learn  his  trade,  and  in  1877  began  business  on  his 
own  account  at  Carrollon.  III.;  remaining  there  but  a 
short  time,  he  came  to  Monica  in  October  o(  the  same 
year,  where  he  has  since  resided  and  conducted  his 
business.  Married  March  12.  1879.  ^'i^^  Minnie  Mil- 
ler, who  was  born  in  Peoria  county  in  1858.  Mr.  I'routy 
does  a  good  business  and  is  well  liked  as  a  citizen  and 
neighbor. 

Keeno  lUrrlDU  J..  P.  ().  PrlnecTlll". 
ItHtl  Legllc  farmer  P.  o.  PrIiicoTlllii. 


Klal  Mary.  P.  O.  Princeville. 

IMCE  JAMES,  hotel  keeper.  P.  O.  Princeville. 
was  born  in  Green  county.  Pa.,  in  1S32,  and  was  prin- 
cipally raised  on  a  farm.  Married  in  1853,  Miss  Eliza- 
beth Nace,  who  was  born  in  Washington  county.  Pa., 
in  1833;  has  had  nine  children,  eight  are  living  —  s-evrn 
girls  and  one  boy.  The  eldest  of  his  family  was  l>orn 
in  Pennsylvania.  Came  to  Peoria  county  in  1855,  »et. 
tling  in  Richwoods  township,  where  he  remained  four 
years,  removing  in  1859  to  Princeville,  where  he  has 
since  resided.  Mr.  Rice  is  an  energetic,  pushing  man ; 
has  for  some  years  engaged  in  shipping  cattle  and  hogs, 
and  has  probably  handled  more  stock  than  any  other 
man  in  this  part  of  the  county,  also  giving  his  personal 
attention  to  the  management  of  the  American  Hotel, 
of  which  he  is  the  proprietor.  Owns  eighty  acres  of 
well  improved  land,  and  is  worth  about  $9,000. 
RoKers  J.  W.  laborer.  P.  O.  PrlnceTllle. 

RUSSELL.  JOHN  H.  grocer.  P.  O.  Prince- 
ville. was  born  in  Wayne  county,  Ohio,  in  iS29.andin 
1852  married  Miss  Mary  Albertson.  who  was  born  in 
1S30.  by  whom  he  has  had  five  children,  four  of  them 
now  living.  Mr.  Russell  removed  from  his  native  State 
to  Indiana  in  1850,  and  came  to  Peoria  county,  settling 
in  Princeville,  in  1854;  engaged  in  the  manufacture  of 
wagons  during  the  ten  years  between  1S5S  and  '6S,  and 
from  the  latter  date  until  the  present  has  carried  on  the 
business  of  grocer,  keeping  a  large  and  attractive  stock 
of  goods,  Mr.  Russell  and  his  family  are  active  mem- 
bers of  the  M.  E.  Church. 

Scanlon  Pal.  farmer.  P.  O.  Monica. 
(Scott  B.  S.  farmer.  P.  O.  Duncan. 

SELBY  WILLIAM  G.  hotel  keeper.  P.  O. 
Princeville.  was  born  in  Harrison  county,  O..  in  1834. 
Married  on  March  10.  1857.  Miss  Sarah  A  Heberling, 
and  in  the  same  year  came  to  Peoria  county.  In  1863 
he  came  to  Princeville  township,  settled  on  Sec.  17,  and 
farmed  until  1S69.  when  he  came  to  Princeville  and 
engaged  in  the  agricultural  implement  business  till  1S73. 
when  he  commenced  keeping  hotel.  Mr.  Selby  has 
been  an  active  business  man,  carrying  on  a  livery,  deal- 
ing in  sewing  machines,  and  also  in  hogs  and  cattle, 
lie  keeps  a  fine  lot  of  buggies  on  hand,  and  is  bound 
to  do  business. 

SHANE  WILLIAM  C.  livery.  P.O.  Monica, 
was  born  in  Peoria  county  in  1S45,  and  is  the  third 
chilli  and  eldest  son  of  IliramandSusan  L.  Shane,  who 
came  lo  this  county  and  entered  on  government  land 
where  the  old  lady,  his  mother,  now  lives,  and  where 
all  their  children  were  born  and  grew  to  man  and 
womanhood.  They  had  ten  children,  (our  boys  and  six 
girls,  who  all  live  in  the  county  but  one,  William  C. 
Shane  married,  in  1S70,  Miss  Amanda  J.  Webber,  who 
was  born  in  Ohio  in  1S53.  by  whom  he  has  one  child, 
Evaf  who  was  boro  in  May,  1873.     He  came  to  Monica 


PRINCEVILLE   DIHKCTORY. 


819 


in  1875,  and  commenced  keeping  hotel  and  livery 
stable.  Sold  out  the  hotel  interest  in  1S7S,  but  still 
continues  the  livery.  Mr.  Shane  is  constable,  and 
attends  to  general  collecting. 

Sh.'ide  Jacob,  farmer,  P.  O.  PrlncevlUe. 
Shane  Wui.  liveryman,  P.  O  Monica. 

SIMPSON  "WILLIAM,  merchant,  P.  O. 
Princeville,  was  born  in  Wellington,  England,  and  is 
the  ninth  child  in  a  family  of  eighteen  children.  His 
parents  were  Robert  and  Sarah  Simpson.  In  1S49,  ^""' 
before  leaving  England,  he  married  Miss  Mary  Barlow 
Fidlin,  also  a  native  of  that  country,  and  in  1S51  immi- 
grated to  America,  first  settling  in  Fort  Winnebago, 
Wis.,  and  remained  till  the  Spring  of  1S52  ;  removed 
thence  to  St.  Louis,  and  again  moved,  in  1S56,  to 
Peoria,  and  resided  there  for  ten  years,  at  the  end  of 
which  time  he  came  to  Princeville  and  started  in  the 
dry  goods  business  on  his  own  account.  He  keeps  a 
large  and  well  selected  assortment  of  general  dry  goods 
and  notions  in  his  store  here,  and  also  owns  and  con- 
ducts a  store  at  Stark  Station,  in  Stark  county,  III.  Mi. 
and  Mrs.  Simpson  have  had  a  family  of  nine  children, 
five  of  whom  are  now  living. 

SLAKE  B.  F.  farmer,  Sec.  35,  P.  O.  Princeville, 
was  born  in  Hampshire  county,  Va.,  in  1S25  ;  came  to 
Peoria  county  with  his  parents  in  1831,  who  stayed  for 
a  short  time  at  Fort  Clark,  the  present  site  of  the  city 
of  Peoria.  There  were  but  five  or  six  white  families 
then  at  the  Fort,  and  so  numerous  were  the  Indians, 
that  Mr.  Slane  remembers  having  experienced  consid- 
erable trouble  in  trying  to  keep  them  from  crowding 
him  away  from  the  fire.  The  family  moved  on  to 
Richwoods  township,  where  they  improved  asmall  farm, 
and  then  went  to  Rosefield,  where  they  opened  another 
farm,  on  which  they  remained  till  1840,  then  came  to 
Princeville,  in  the  neighborhood  of  which  place  they 
have  ever  since  resided.  In  1S52  Mr.  .Slane  married 
Miss  Sarah  Henry,  who  was  born  in  Crawford  county, 
Pa.,  in  1825.  They  have  six  children,  all  living.  Own 
320  acres  of  land,  worth  about  $19,200.  200  acres  of 
which  is  under  cultivation. 

SLANE  J.  T.  farmer.  Sec.  23,  P.  O.  Prince- 
ville, was  born  in  Peoria  county  in  1837,  and  is  the  son 
of  Ben.  J.  and  Delia  Slane,  who  came  to  Peoria  county 
in  1831,  and  were  among  the  early  settlers  in  this  sec- 
tion. Mr.  Slane  came  to  Princeville  in  1840,  and  has 
resided  in  the  neighborhood  ever  since.  Moved  to  his 
present  location  on  Sec.  23,  in  1S63.  Married  in  i860, 
Mary  M.  Green,  who  was  born  in  Ohio  in  1842,  by 
whom  he  has  one  child.  Mr.  Slane  and  his  brothei, 
S.  S.  Slane,  own  307  acres  of  land,  worth  about  $17,600, 
of  which  247  acres  are  under  good  cultivation,  the  bal- 
ance being  pasture  land. 

SLANE  JOHN  Z.  farmer.  See.  26,  P.  O. 
Princeville,  was  born  in  Morgan  county,  W.  Va.,  Oct. 


16,  1827.  Came  to  Peoria  county  Nov.  7,  1831,  and 
has  resided  in  the  neighborhood  of  Princeville  ever 
since  1S41.  Has  resided  on  Sec.  26  for  over  twenty- 
five  years,  and  witnessed  the  making  of  nearly  all  the 
present  improvements.  Mr.  Slane  enlisted  in  Co.  K., 
86th  111.  Inf.,  Aug.  g,  1862,  and  with  his  company  took 
part  in  many  engagements  andskirmi.shes,  among  them 
that  of  Perryville,  Ky.,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge, 
Knoxville,  Chattanooga,  Kenesaw  Mountain,  Peach- 
tree  Creek,  Jonesboro  and  Smithville,  besides  many 
smaller  encounters.  Was  mustered  out  at  Chicago, 
June  22,  1865.  On  March  14,  1867,  he  married  Miss 
Mary  P.  Patton,  who  was  born  in  Clifford  county.  Pa., 
in  1836,  and  by  whom  he  has  had  five  children,  two  of 
which  survive.  He  owns  346  acres  of  land,  worth 
about  $15,500. 

SBIITH  ARCHIBALD,  farmer.  Sec.  7,  P.  O. 
Monica,  was  born  in  Glasgow,  Scotland,  in  1837,  and 
came  to  Peoria  county  with  his  parents  in  1844.  They 
settled  on  Sec.  7  of  Princeville  township,  where  they 
opened  a  farm  and  made  many  improvements,  and  both 
of  them  died  there,  his  father  in  1852,  and  his  mother 
in  1S77.  Mr.  Smith  married,  in  1S77,  Miss  Mary  E. 
Nickelson,  who  was  born  in  Marshall  county  in  1853, 
by  whom  he  has  one  child,  Jennie  B.  Smith,  born  April 
26,  1879,  On  Aug.  8,  1862,  he  enlisted  in  Co.  K.,  86lh 
Inf.,  and  with  the  regiment  took  part  in  the  engage- 
ment at  Perryville,  Ky.  Transferred  to  Invalid  Corps, 
Nov.  I,  1863,  and  was  discharged  for  disability  in  May, 
1S65.  He  owns  no  acrefe  of  land,  worth  $4,500,  and 
has  90  acres  under  cultivation.  Has  helped  to  make 
all  the  improvements  thereon,  it  being  part  of  the  old 
homestead.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Smith  are  members  of  the 
Baptist  Church. 

Smith  D.  f.lrmer,  P.  O.  Monica. 

Smith  Dellhab  H.  farmer.  P.  O.  Monica. 

SMITH  JOHN,  farmer.  Sec.  7,  P.  O.  Monica, 
was  born  in  Glasgow,  Scotland,  in  1822,  emigrating  to 
this  country  in  1S42.  He  came  to  Peoria  county  in 
1S44,  and  in  1S4S  married  Miss  Jane  Payne,  who  was 
born  in  Carroll  county,  Va.,  in  1S25,  coming  to  Peoria 
county  with  her  parents  in  1842,  and  settling  on  Sec. 
7,  of  Princeville  township,  which  was  then  in  a  very 
wild  and  unimproved  state.  Her  parents  resided  on 
their  homestead  in  Sec.  7,  till  their  death.  Mr. 
Smith  came  to  his  present  home  in  1844,  and  has  so  in 
dustriously  improved  his  farm  that  the  290  acres  which 
compose  it  are  worth  in  the  neighborhood  of  $15,000  ; 
has  had  eight  children,  all  of  whom  are  alive.  Mrs. 
Sraitli  and  five  children  are  members  of  the  Presby- 
terian Church. 

SMITH  WILLI.\M  P.  farmer,  P.  O.  Prince 
ville,  was  born   in  Lincoln  county,   Maine,   November 
24,  1807,  and  in  1S29  came  to  Peoria  county,  and  set- 
tled near   Princeville ;  married   in   1835   Miss  Fanny 


820 


HISTORY  OF   PEORIA   COUNTY. 


Silliman,  who  was  born  in  N.  Y..  in  1813.  Her  father 
was  one  of  the  earliest  settlers  in  this  county,  coining 
here  in  1828,  and  settling  in  Hallock  township.  They 
have  had  nine  children,  five  of  whom  are  now  living. 
They  had  two  sons  in  the  army  during  the  war :  Cyrus, 
who  enlisted  in  the  illh  III.  Cavalry,  who  died  at  home, 
though  still  in  the  service,  and  Isaac,  who  enlisted  in 
Co.  K.,  86th  III.  Infty.,  in  1862,  and  was  killed  at 
Tunnel  Hill,  Ga.,  February  26,  1864.  Mr.  Smith  has 
seen  all  the  existing  improvements  in  the  county  made, 
there  being  at  the  date  of  his  coming,  neither  farm 
roads  nor  school-houses  existing,  and  he  helped  to  build 
the  firit  school-house  erected  in  it.  It  was  made  of 
round  logs,  and  stood  just  over  the  line  in  Akron  town- 
ship. His  father  was  one  of  the  first  ministers  in  the 
county,  was  a  Close  Communion  Baptist,  and  preached 
many  a  time  in  the  old  log  school-house.  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Smith,  by  hard  labor  and  economy  have  acquired 
a  competency,  owning  160  acres  of  land,  besides  a 
house  and  six  lots,  in  Princeville,  worth  in  all  about 
$7,000.  .\I1  their  children  but  two  are  married,  and 
have  families. 

Smith  R.  W.,  P.  O.  Monica. 
SpinRcrGeo.  farmer.  P.  O.  Duncan. 

STEVENS,  WM.  C.  retired,  P.  O.  Princeville. 

Stowell  A.  N.  lumberman,  P.  (>.   Princeville. 

THOMPSON  CHARLES  H.  horse  trainer, 
P.  O.  Monica,  was  born  in  Monmouth  county,  N.  J.,  in 
1854  ;  was  raised  on  a  farm,  and  is  the  son  of  Samuel 
R.  and  Ellen  Thompson,  who  still  reside  in  his  native 
county  ;  married  Miss  Lulu  Calhoun,  on  January  i, 
1S79.  Mr.  Thompson  has  trained  many  horses  since 
coming  to  the  county,  in  1877,  and  some  of  them  give 
promise  of  great  speed. 
Turner  W.  H.  farmer,  P.  O.  Duncan. 

VOOKHEES  O.  H.  miller.  P.  O.  Princeville, 
is  the  son  of  Joseph  Voorhees,  of  Reding,  0„  who 
came  to  Peoria  county  in  1841,  and  settled  in  Kicka- 
poo  township,  where  he  now  resides,  and  owns  480 
acres  of  land,  besides  320  acres  in  Nebraska.  He  is 
the  father  of  twelve  children.  G.  H.  Voorhees, 
bis  eldest  son,  and  the  subject  of  this  sketch, 
was  born  in  Keding,  O.,  in  1841,  and  in  186;, 
married  Miss  Emily  Cook,  who  was  born  in 
England,  in  1S43,  and  has  borne  him  seven  children, 
five  of  them  now  living,  viz.:  Charles  H,,  Sarah  B.  B., 


Emily  G.,  William  A.,  and  Lucia  B.  Mr.  Voorhees 
owns  330  acres  of  land,  in  Stark  county,  and  his  dwel- 
ling in  Princeville.  His  property  is  worth  about 
$23,500. 

Wihl  FreO.  farmer.  P.  o.  PrInceTllle. 
Wxiklnjrton  Jno.  farmer.  P.O.  Munlra. 
W.illlker  .\.  4  W.  T.  farmer,  P.  o.  Mimira. 
WMr  A.  D.  farmer.  P  O.  princeville. 
Webber  T.  Ixwil  sn<l  shoe  dealer.  P.  O.  PrInceTllle. 
Welsenlierg  W.  11.  farmer.  P.  O.  PrInceTllle. 
WrsierferC.  farmer.  P.  <i.  Munlra. 
Wheeler  J.  farmer,  p.  o.  PrInceTllle. 
Wblte  J.  C.  farmer,  p.  o.  Monica. 
White  Mar)-  A.  farmer,  p.  O.  Monica. 
Wli>ltlni;I,iii  Mr«.  p.  I).  Monica. 
w,(((firi-,  HenJ.  carpenter.  P.  O.  Monica. 
WlKKlns  Clarence,  farmer,  P.  O.  Monica. 

WILSON  MILTON,  collection  and  insurance 
agent,  P.  O.  Princeville,  was  born  in  Brown  county, 
O.,  in  1828;  came  to  Peoria  county  in  1 848,  and  in 
1S56,  married  Miss  Caroline  M.  Shriver,  who  was  bom 
in  Clermont  county,  C,  in  1838.  >^r.  Wilson  came 
10  the  county  with  his  father,  and  settled  on  a  farm 
three  miles  south  of  Princeville,  where  he  remained  till 
1874,  when  he  came  to  Princeville;  served  four  years 
as  justice  of  the  peace,  and  then  declining  re-election 
for  another  term,  engaged  in  his  present  business.  He 
is  also  notary  public  and  deputy  postmaster.  Mr. 
Wilson  had  the  reputation  of  having  fewer  law  suits 
than  any  justice  in  the  district.  He  owns  a  nice  resi- 
dence in  Princeville  and  is  comfortably  situated.  Both 
himself  and  wife  are  members  of  the  M.  E.  Church. 

Wrlnley  ,1.  farmer,  P.  O.  Princeville, 
Yates  Sarah,  P.  O.  Princeville. 

YOUNG  C  R.  carpenter  and  joiner,  P.  O. 
Monica,  was  born  in  Mount  Desert,  Me.,  in  1824; 
cime  to  Peoria  county  in  1843,  and  married  MissOcena 
Hull,  in  September,  1S49,  who  was  born  in  Catarau- 
gus  county,  N.  V.,  in  1S32,  by  whom  he  has  had  four 
children,  three  are  now  living:  Nathan,  Charles  H. 
and  William  H.  Isaac,  his  eldest,  died  July  I,  1S66. 
and  Mrs.  Young  died  August  31,  1876.  Mr.  Young 
carried  on  the  carpenter  business  at  Rochester,  until 
1S76;  came  to  Monica  the  year  following,  and  has 
since  carried  on  there  a  large  and  steadily  increa.*in£ 
business.  He  was  pre-ent  at  the  orj;aniialion  of  Mill- 
brook  township  ;  was  the  first  town  clerk,  and  held  the 
office  three  years;  served  as  justice  of  the  peace  (or 
four  years,  and  was  postmai^ter  at  Elmore,  under  Presi- 
dent Pierce's  administration. 
YOUNG  T.  C.  P.  O.  Monica. 


RADNOR   DIRECTORY. 


821 


RADNOR    TOWNSHIP. 


Adtclnson  James,  farmer,  P.  O.  Alta. 
Kaber  H.  farmer.  P.  O.  Alta. 
Bennett  Patrick,  farmer,  P.  O.  Dunlap. 
Blum  A.  farmer,  F.  O.  Dunlap. 

BOLLOU  MYKON  S.  general  merchant,  P. 

O.  Dunlap  ;  was  born   in    Hampshire   county,    Mass., 

September  i6,  1S42.     His  early  education  was  received 

in  the  schools  of  his  native  county,  and  also  in  Peoria, 

Ills.,  where  he   landed  in    1S55.     Married   in    1S64  to 

Miss  Martha   A.    Potter,  a  native  of  New  York  State. 

They  have  two  children.  Frank  and  Mary.  In  October, 

1875,  engaged  in  his  present   business  at  Dunlap,  and 

has  by  close   attention   and   fair  dealing   built   up    a 

fair  trade.     He  is  Republican  in  politics.     Enlisted  in 

October,  1861,  in  Co.  H,  nth  Ills.  Cavalry,  and  served 

one  year. 

Brassfield  A.  G.  farmer,  P.  O.  Dunlap. 
Brassfield  Mahlon  D.  farmer.  P.  O.  Dunlap. 
Breunan  John,  farmer,  P.  O.  Dunlap. 

BRIGHT  GEO.  W.  farmer.  Sec.  15,  P.  O. 
Dunlap  ;  was  born  in  Alleghany  county,  Pa.,  April  22, 
1833.  In  1857,  he  came  to  Peoria  county.  In  Sep- 
tember, 1861,  enlisted  in  Co.  I,  nth  Ills.  Vol.  Inf.,  and 
served  three  years.  In  April,  1859,  married  Mrs.  Mary 
E.  Faucett,  a  native  of  Massachusetts,  born  May  31, 
1830.  She  had  three  children  by  her  previous  marriage. 
He  owns  thirty  acres  of  land  in  a  high  state  of  cultiva- 
tion and  well  improved.  Was  formerly  a  Republican 
but  has  joined  the  Greenback  party. 

Brusle  E.  H.  Mrs.  farmer.  P.  O.  Dunlap. 
Bush  B.  H.  farmer.  P.  O.  Dunlap. 
Byrnes  Edward,  farmer.  P.  O.  Dunlap. 

CARR  JOHN,  farmer.  Sec.  22,  P.  O.  Dunlap  ; 
was  born  in  this  township.  October  29,  1847.  His  eaily 
education  was  received  in  the  schools  of  the  township. 
In  1872,  married  to  Miss  Grace  Corbitt,  also  a  native 
of  this  township,  born  November  I2,  1844.  They  have 
four  children,  three  sons  and  one  daughter.  Republi- 
can in  politics.  Is  collector  of  Radnor  township.  En- 
listed in  1863.  in  Co.  M,  nth  Ills.  Cavalry  and  served 
to  the  close  of  the  rebellion. 
Campbell  R.  farmer.  P.  O.  Alta. 

C.A.RLISL,E  JAS.  B.  D.  farmer.  Sec.  23, 
P.  O.  Alta  ;  was  born  in  Shenandoah  county,  Va.,  June 
17,  1838.  At  the  age  of  ten  years  with  his  parents 
moved  to  Fayette  county.  Pa.,  where  he  was  educated, 
and  in  the  Spring  of  i860,  he  came  to  Peoria  county. 
Ills.,  and  in  the  Fall  returned  to  Fayette  county,  and 
married  in  February,  :86i.  Miss  Mary  J.  Hutchison, 
and  immediately  returned  to  this  county  where  he  has 
lived  since.  Owns  140  acres  of  some  of  the  most  pro- 
ductive and  valuable  land  in  the  county.  Is  Republi- 
can in  politics,  and  a  member  of  the  M.  E.  Church. 
Carr  Wm.  Mrs.  P.  O.  Dunlap. 


Carroll  P.  farmer,  P.  O.  KIckapoo. 
Case  Clias.  P.  O.  Alta. 

CASSITY  WM.  H.  carriage,  wagon  and  cabinet 
maker,  res.  Dunlap.  was  ,born  in  Marion  township, 
Putnam  Co..  Ind.,  Sept.  1837.  On  the  4th  of  March, 
1S61,  immigrated  West,  locating  in  Unionville,  Iowa, 
where  he  remained  up  to  Feb.  1S62.  Thence  came  to 
Kno.x  Co.,  this  State  in  the  vicinity  of  Galesburg,  and 
followed  farming,  until  Dec.  1864.  In  the  Summer 
of  1865  started  farther  West,  settling  in  Mound  City. 
Lynn  Co.,  Kansas,  where  he  learned  the  trade  of  cabi- 
net maker.  In  1868  removed  to  Butler,  Bates  Co.,  Mo., 
and  there  learned  the  carriage  and  wagon  maker's 
trade.  In  June,  1875,  returned  to  Peoria  Co..  and  en- 
gaged in  the  carriage  and  wagon  trade,  where  he  has 
remained  since.  On  the  15th  day  of  January.  1857,  he 
married  Miss  Mary  F.  Bryan,  a  native  of  Kentucky,  but 
reared  in  Indiana.  She  died  Nov.  7,  of  the  same  year, 
leaving  one  child  Mary  F.,  born  Nov.  2,  1857.  April 
20.  1859,  ^f""-  0.  married  Miss  Sarah  A.  Hodges,  born 
in  Indiana,  Jan.  1839,  who  has  borne  him  three  children, 
Annetta.  born  Dec.  1S64,  Hattie  D.,  born  March,  1S66, 
Emma  ^.,  born  Nov.  1S70.  On  May  2,  1876,  he  moved 
to  Dunlap,  his  present  home.  Is  a  member  of  the 
Christian  Church,  and  of  the  A.  F.  &  A.  M.  in  high 
standing,  also  an  Odd  Fellow  and  Knight  of  Pythias. 
Politics,  Republican. 

CHALLACOMB  JAMES,  farmer.  Sec.  30, 
P.  O.  Kickapoo.  Was  born  in  Devonshire,  Eng.,  Dec. 
25,  1836.  His  early  education  waB  received  in  the 
schools  of  his  native  country,  and  in  1S58  came  to  this 
country  and  settled  in  Peoria  Co.,  111.  Married  in  1868 
to  Miss  Lucy  A.  Rogers,  who  died  in  1872,  leaving  two 
children,  Chas.  and  Bertha.  In  April,  1876,  married 
his  present  wite,  who  was  Miss  Sarah  F.  Rogers.  The 
fruit  of  this  union  is  one  child,  Archy  T.  Owns  225 
acres  of  land,  the  most  part  of  which  is  in  a  high  state 
of  cultivation.  Democratic  in  politics.  Is  at  present 
school  director  of  the  district  in  which  he  resides. 

Challacombe  Wm.  J.  farmer,  P.  U.  Kickapoo. 

CLINE  ALBERT,  farmer,  Sec.  13,  P.  O.  Dun- 
lap. Was  born  in  Ontario  Co.,  New  York,  Aug.  12, 
1820.  While  quite  young  his  parents  moved  to  Oswego 
Co.,  N  Y.,  where  he  was  brought  up  and  educated  till 
fifteen  years  of  age.  In  1835  moved  West,  and  settled 
in  Peoria  Co.,  111.  Married  in  1852,  Miss  Lydia  Hyde, 
a  native  of  Washington  Co..  N.  Y.,  born  Aug.  15, 1831. 
They  have  six  children,  three  sons  and  three  daughters. 
Owns  280  acres  of  valuable  land  elegantly  improved. 
Is  Democratic  in  politics,  has  been  school  trustee  some 


822 


HISTORY  OP   PEORIA   COLXTY 


six  years.  Was  also  township  collector  of  Medina 
township. 

COKBET  DANIEL,  farmer.  Sec.  7.  Dunlap. 
Wa«  born  in  Putnam.  Washington  Co.  N.  Y.,  Dec.  20. 
1S09.  In  1832,  moved  to  Pembroke.  Genessee  Co.,  and 
remained  there  until  the  Fall  of  1835.  Thence  removed 
to  Peoria  Co..  111.,  and  located  at  what  is  known  as 
llile's  Mills.  Kickapoo  township,  and  assisted  in  the 
construction  o(  the  mill.  In  1S3S  purchased  his 
present  farm.and  in  1840  be|^an  improving  it.and  in  1843 
moved  on  to  it.  On  the  25th  day  of  June.  1843  married 
Miss  Frances  Gordon,  a  native  of  Surry  Co..  N.  C.  bom 
Dec.  6. 181S.  Died  Feb.  5,  1879,  leaving  five  children, 
one  son  and  four  daughters.  Mr.  C.  owns  2S0  acres  of 
land  under  high  cultivation.  Politics.  Republican,  and 
is  a  member  of  the  M.  E.  Church,  lie  came  to  the 
county  in  limited  circum'^tances. 

COOKE  SILAS  Rev.  pastor.  Presbyterian 
Church,  Dunlap.  Son  of  David  and  Agnes  Cooke  net 
Ritchey,  was  born  in  Washington  county,  Pennsylvania 
20th  October,  1842.  The  first  twenty  years  of  .Mr. 
Cooke's  life  were  spent  on  his  father's  farm  in  the  Sum- 
mer season,  and  attending  the  schools  of  the  neighbor- 
hood and  Cross  Creek  Academy  in  the  Winter.  At  the 
age  of  twenty  he  enlisted  in  Company  K.  140th  Reg. 
Penn.  Inf.,  and  served  three  years  in  defense  of  the 
union.  He  was  badly  wounded  and  permanently  dis- 
abled in  the  engagement  at  Spottsylvania  Court-house, 
on  the  I2ih  of  May.  1864.  After  an  honorable  dis- 
charge, he  returned  home  and  entered  Washington  and 
Jefferson  College  in  his  native  county,  and  graduated 
at  the  end  of  four  years.  Spent  one  year  at  the  Western 
Theological  Seminary,  Alleghany  City,  Pa..,  then 
became  principal  of  the  Oakdale  Classical  Normal 
Institute,  at  Oakdale,  Pa.,  for  three  years,  then  returned 
to  the  Theological  Seminary,  and  graduated  at  the  end 
of  two  years.  Soon  afterwards  he  received  and  accepted 
a  call  to  the  pastorate  of  the  Presbyterian  Church  at 
NeliODville,  Athens  county,  Ohio;  remained  there 
three  years,  when  he  accepted  a  call  from  the 
Presbyterian  congregation  at  Dunlap,  and  came 
February  i,  1878.  Mr.  Cooke  united  in  marri.ige 
with  Miss  Elizabeth  M.,  daughter  of  Sarah  and 
Joseph  Musser,  of  Cannonsburg,  Washington  county. 
Pa..  2oth  August.  1874,  in  which  county  she  was  born 
18th  October,  1849.  Two  children  bles3  their  union, 
Grace  Kelly,  born  3rd  August,  1875,  and  Clarence 
Murdoch,  born  gth  October,  1878. 

t'untilriffliirii  .lnini*«,  f.irinrr,  P.O.  Dunlap. 
l>MVli  ll-  rariiK-r,  I*.  i».  l>iiiilAn. 
DIrkrraiiii  A.  UriiK-r,  f.  O.  aIu. 
Ulrltfr»(ni  Ki.  \-  fsriiirr.  I',  it.  Altn. 

I>ICKINSON  iiltlKriTH,  farmer.  Sec.  21. 
I'.  O.  Dunlap.  Was  born  in  the  territory  of  Indiana, 
in  what  is  now  Switzerland  county,  Nov.  27.  iSlI.  Is 
the  eldeit  son  of  John  and  Mary  Dickinson.     Mis  early 


life  was  spent  in  the  then  frontier  settlement  of  Indi- 
ana, and  his  school  advantages  comprised  in  a  brief  at- 
tendance in  primitive  log  school  houses,  lie  married 
Miss  Achsah  Bennett,  a  native  of  western  New  York, 
in  1829;  born  Jan.  I,  iSoo.  In  1835.  with  his  wife 
and  two  children  started  West  in  a  four-horse  wagon, 
and  landed  in  Peoria.  III.,  on  April  24,  of  that  year. 
His  principal  business  while  in  the  county  has  been 
farming  and  stock  raising.  Owns  I.OOO  acres  of  land 
of  excellent  quality.  Politically  was  an  old  line  Whig 
up  to  the  birth  of  the  Republican  party,  since  which 
he  has  been  a  member  of  it.  His  talents  and  energies 
as  a  financier,  and  his  industry  and  good  management 
in  his  business  affairs  has  placed  him  in  possession  of  a 
comfortable  fortune.  His  first  wife  died  Sept.  12,  1858, 
leaving  three  children,  two  sons  and  one  daughter.  On 
the  24th  of  November,  1859,  married  Miss  Margaret 
Johnson,  of  Peoria  county,  by  whom  he  had  two  chil- 
dren, one  son  and  one  daughter.  His  third  and  pres- 
ent wife  was  Miss  Sarah  A.  Chamberlain.  By  this 
marriage  there  are  six  children,  three  of  each  sex. 
DICKINSON  GUIFFITH  E.  farmer.  Sec. 

35,  P.  O.  Aha.  Was  born  in  the  township  January  21, 
1840.  His  education  was  obtained  in  the  district 
schools  of  this  county  and  at  Henry  College,  Mercer 
county.  In  i860  he  married  Miss  Annie  Adkins,  a 
native  of  Oxfordshire,  England,  bom  Feb.  27,  1S44. 
They  have  five  children —  Nelly,  born  July  25,  1867; 
Fanny,  born  Aug.  20,  1S70;  Olive,  bora  Dec.  6,  1872; 
l.aura  N.,  born  Aug.  24,  1874,  and  George  A.,  bom 
June  24,  1S77.  He  owns  375  acres  of  land  in  a  high 
state  of  improvement ;  is  a  Republican  in  politics  ;  has 
held  several  local  offices.  He  enlisted  May  2,  1862,  in 
Co.  .A,  2d  Illinois  Light  Artillery,  and  ser»ed  to  the 
close  of  the  war. 

DIVELBISS    EDW.VKD    H.    farmer.    Sec. 

36,  P.  O.  .Mia.  Was  born  in  Kickapoo  township.  Pe- 
oria county.  III..  Aug.  13,  1852,  and  was  educated  in 
the  schools  of  this  township.  Owns  143  acres  of  veiy 
valuable  land  ;  the  home  place  is  elegantly  improved 
and  abundantly  supplied  with  fruit.  Is  Republican  in 
politics  and  a  member  of  the  Methodist  Church. 

liitUn  Alrx.  ranuer.  V.  (>.  I)unUp. 
Itoraii  Jntiti,  fMriiirr.  I*,  o.  KIrkajioo. 
IHirali  I'ntrirk,  fmriiuT.  r.  o.   Kickapoo. 
I»rnkr  .innii'fi  M.  raniier,  I*,  o.  Aitm. 
Drakf  Win.  rarmcr.  I*.  (>.  Dunlap. 

1>UNL.\1*  ALVA,  retired  fanner,  Sec.  11,  P. 
O.  Dunlap.  Was  l)om  in  Montgomery  county.  N.  Y., 
Oct.  28.  1805.  and  is  the  eldest  son  of  Smith  Dunlap, 
an  early  citizen  of  that  section  uf  the  Stale.  Ills  pa- 
rents moved  to  Oswego  when  he  was  an^iiifant. settling  in 
the  timber,  debarring  him  from  Ihcadvantagcsof  an  edu- 
cation. In  1829  he  married  Miss  Mary  Knight,  a  daugh- 
ter of  Jesse  Knight,  of  Windham  county,  I'onn.,  bora 
Sept.  10,  1806.  They  have  had  eleven  children,  five 
sons  and  two  daughters  are  still  living.     They  moved 


/IRfc 


\ 


^ 


CYRUS   TUCKER 

RADNOR  ,TP. 


NAPOLEON   DUNLAP. 
RADNOR, TP. 


iry-i^ 


RADNOR,  TP. 


EB.  STOWELL  HALLOCK 

PEORIA, TP. 


RADNOR   DIRECTORY. 


823 


West  in  1834,  and  located  in  Radnor  township,  Peoria 
county,  III.,  in  1S37.  In  1871  the  town  which  bears 
his  name  was  laid  out  on  his  estate,  and  has  at  present 
a  population  of  some  200  inhabitants.  Politically 
Mr.  D.  is  a  Republican ;  is  the  present  supervisor  of 
this  township,  which  office  he  has  filled  for  a  number 
of  years,  besides  has  held  several  other  local  offices. 

DUNLAP  BURLEIGH,  farmer.  Sec.  2,  P. 
O.  Dunlap,  was  born  in  Oswego  county,  N.  Y.,  May  29. 
1830.  In  the  Fall  of  1S3S  with  his  parents,  Alva  and 
Mary  Dunlap.  moved  West  and  settled  in  Radnor 
township  on  Oct.  5  of  the  same  year,  on  the  farm  on 
which  the  town  of  Dunlap  now  stands.  Here  he  re- 
ceived his  early  education.  Married  Sept.  14,  1854, 
Miss  Sylvia  Pride,  a  native  of  the  same  county  as  her 
husband,  but  at  the  time  of  her  marriage  a  resident  of 
Cook  county.  111.  She  was  born  May  21,  1833  and 
died  April  16,  1873,  leaving  seven  children —  Helen  F., 
Benton  C,  Clara  H.,  Andrew  Jackson,  Minnie,  Katie 
M.  and  Henry  Ward  B.  Mr.  D.  is  Republican  in 
politics  ;  is  at  present  justice  of  the  peace,  and  has  held 
other  local  offices  in  the  township.  He  is  an  energetic, 
rising  young  man. 

DUNLAP  GILBERT  L.  dry  goods  and  no- 
tions, res.  Dunlap,  was  born  on  Sec.  11.  Radnor  town- 
ship, June  19,  1S49,  and  was  educated  in  the  schools  of 
this  county.  Is  at  present  town  clerk  of  Radnor  town- 
ship. Republican  in  politics.  In  1876  embarked  in 
his  present  business  and  has  succeeded  in  establishing 
a  good  trade. 

DUNLAP  NAPOLEON,  farmer.  Sec.  3,  P. 
O.  Dunlap,  was  born  in  Sandy  Creek,  Oswego  county, 
N.  Y.,  Aug.  31,  1823.  His  early  education  was  prin- 
cipally received  in  the  schools  of  his  native  town.  In 
the  Fall  of  183S,  moved  West  and  settled  in  Peoria 
county.  Married  on  April  22,  1S48.  Miss  Eliza  Robin- 
son, a  native  of  Otsego  county,  N.  Y.,  born  Jan.2, 1S29, 
and  came  West  in  1836.  They  have  had  ten  children, 
three  sons  and  four  daughters  are  living.  He  owns  260 
acres  of  land  in  a  high  state  of  cultivation  ;  the  home 
place  is  elegantly  improved.  Mr.  D.  is  independent  in 
politics,  and  a  member  of  the  Presbyterian  Church.  Is 
at  present  commissioner  of  public  highways,  and  has 
held  various  other  offices.  Is  a  member  of  the  Patrons 
of  Husbandry. 
Uustlii  George,  farmer.  P.  O.  Princevllle. 

EDWARDS  CHARLES,  farmer.  Sec.  2,  P. 
O.  Dunlap.  was  born  in  Warren  county.  Ohio,  Sept.  :6, 
1822,  where  he  was  brought  up  and  educated.  In  1834 
moved  with  his  parents  to  Switzerland  county,  Ind. 
Married  in  1844,  Miss  Julia  Ayers,  a  native  of  New 
York,  They  have  five  children,  three  sons  and  two 
daughters.  In  1S54  they  came  West  and  settled  in 
Peoria  county,  111.  Owns  t6o  acres  of  land,  well  im- 
proved and  very  valuable,  which  is  the  result  of  his  own 


industry.     Republican  in   politics.     Is   school  director 
of  the  district  in  which  he  resides. 

ELSON  JOHN,  farmer,  Sec.  26,  P.  O.  Alta, 
was  born  in  Coshocton  county,  Ohio,  June  12, 1825.  In 
1833  his  parents  removed  West  and  settled  in  Peoria 
county,  where  he  was  educated,  and  married  in  1849. 
Miss  Elizabeth  Clifton,  a  native  of  Ohio,  born  Sept.  19, 
1824.  They  have  two  children —  Eupha.  born  Jan.  23, 
1S51,  and  Eugene,  born  Jan.  iS,  1856.  Mr.  E.  is 
Democratic  in  politics.  Owns  2io  acres  of  land,  the 
greater  part  of  which  is  well  improved,  abundantly 
supplied  with  fruit,  and  very  valuable.  lie  is  one  of 
ihe  prosperous  farmers  of  the  county. 
Flltun  John,  farmer,  P.  O.  Klckapoo. 

FLEMMING  JAMES,  retired.  Sec.  10.  P.  O. 
Dunlap,  was  born  in  Washington  county,  Penn.,  Aug. 
5,  1806.  His  primary  education  was  received  in  the 
district  schools  of  the  county.  At  the  age  of  twenty- 
two  years,  attended  Cross  Creek  Academy  four  terms  ; 
then  attended  Franklin  College,  at  New  Athens,  one 
term;  passing  from  there  to  Washington  College,  in 
Washington  county,  where  he  graduated  in  1S33. 
After  graduating,  accepted  a  position  as  teacher  in  St. 
James'  Academy  in  Baltimore  county,  Md.,  for  some 
twenty  months.  On  June  26,  1838,  was  licensed  by 
Washington  Presbytery,  and  exactly  one  year  after  was 
ordained  a  minister.  On  October  31,  1839,  married  at 
Martinsburg,  Knox  county,  Ohio,  Miss  Catharine  B., 
daughter  of  David  Parks,  of  that  town,  born  in 
Wooster,  Ohio,  November  14,  1819.  Ten  children 
blessed  their  union,  six  sons  and  four  daughters  ;  the 
eldest  of  his  sons  is  a  clergyman  in  the  Presbyterian 
Church,  near  Albany,  Ills.  In  June  24,  1840,  Mr.  F. 
was  established  pastor  of  West  Union  Church,  Mar- 
shall county,  Va.,  and  remained  about  seventeen  years  ; 
was  then  called  to  Lower  Bufialo,  in  his  native  county, 
and  was  for  the  next  eleven  years  pastor  of  a  congrega- 
tion. Thence  to  Marshall  county.  Ills.,  and  occupied 
the  pulpit  in  the  Mansfield  Church  for  seven  years,  and 
in  1S76,  moved  to  this  county  and  supplied  the  Lime- 
stone pastorate  up  to  the  Spring  of  1879.  Has,  during 
his  p.istoral  life,  attended  four  meetings  of  the  General 
Assembly  of  the  Presbyterian  Church.  After  leaving 
the  Limestone  Church,  retired  from  the  labors  in  which 
he  has  been  so  ardently  engaged  for  the  past  forty 
years.  His  family  are  all  members  of  the  Presbyterian 
Church.  Another  of  his  sons  is  at  present  at  the 
Academy  of  Campbellsburg,  Penn.,  preparing  himself 
for  the  ministry. 

FORD  JOHN,  farmer  and  stock  raiser.  Sec.  32, 
Kickapoo,  was  born  in  Devonshire,  England,  March 
12,  1821.  Was  educated  in  the  schools  of  his  native 
country.  In  March,  1850,  married  Miss  Phoebe  Ann 
Fry,  a  native  of  the  same  place  as  husband.  They 
have  six  children  living,  all  sons.     Immediately  after 


824 


MlSKJlCV    OF   PF.OIUA   f'OUNTY. 


marriage,  immigrated  to  this  country  and  settled  in 
this  county,  owns  403  acres  of  very  valuable  land,  well 
improved  ;  is  Democratic  in  politics,  and  a  member  of 
the  Baptist  Church.  He  is  school  director  of  his  dis- 
trict ;  he  began  poor,  but  is  now  one  of  the  prosper- 
ous farmers  of  the  county. 

FOX  WBI.  blacksmith.  Sec.  35,  P.  O.  Alta,  was 
bom  in  Lincolnshire,  England,  June  I,  1S18,  was  edu- 
cated in  the  schools  of  his  native  country,  and  also 
teamed  the  blacksmith  trade.  In  January,  1846,  mar- 
ried Miss  Ann  Rouston,  born  January  29,  1S23.  They 
are  the  parents  of  six  children,  four  of  whom  are  liv- 
ing, two  sons  and  two  daughters.  In  1S51,  they  came 
to  this  country  and  settled  in, this  county,  where  he  has 
followed  his  trade  since.  Owns  one  acre  of  land  on 
which  he  lives  and  has  his  shop.  Democratic  in  poli- 
tics and  a  member  of  the  Episcopal  Church. 

FRY  THOS.  farmer  and  stock  dealer,  P.  O. 
Kickapoo,  was  born  in  North  Devonshire,  England. 
December  24,  1832,  and  secured  a  common  school  edu- 
cation. Married  Miss  Christina  Symmonds,  April  20, 
1858,  native  of  the  same  shire  as  her  husband,  bi>rn 
July  12,  1836.  They  have  five  children :  George, 
Robert,  Hettie,  Mary  and  Annie.  Owns  320  acres  of 
land  which,  for  fertility  of  soil,  can  not  be  surpa.ssed  in 
the  county.  The  most  of  his  time  has  been  spent 
in  farming  and  handling  stock,  in  which  he  has  been 
quite  successful,  and  is  held  in  high  esteem  by  his 
neighbors.      Is  Independent  in  politics. 

OALE  STEPHEN',  farmer.  Sec.  36,  P.  O. 
Alta;  was  born  in  Sailsburg,  N.  H.,  December  28, 
1820.  He  attended  the  district  schools  of  his  native 
county  and  pursued  the  higher  branches  at  Dart- 
mouth College.  On  April  4,  1S44,  married  in  Vermont 
Miss  Sally  .\nn  Bailey,  a  native  of  that  State,  born 
June  7,  1824.  They  have  four  children,  three  sons  and 
one  daughter.  In  1S52.  they  came  West  and  settled  on 
the  beautiful  farm  he  now  occupies  on  Sec.  36,  Radnor 
township,  containing  eighty  acres  to  which  he  has  since 
added  eighty  acres  more;  is  Republican  in  politics; 
has  been  justice  of  the  peace  for  six  years  and  has  hcM 
other  local  offices  in  the  township. 

<latciij.  H.  fHrmnr,  I'.o.  I>ui)liip. 
(imt4*i  MMry,  r;irini*r,  1*.  (>.  Diiiilitp. 
Uarlkiiil  JuiiAthan,  fariiior,  I*,  o.  Alta. 

GEKM.VX  C'lIAKLES,  farmer.  Sec.  12,  P. 
O.  Dunlap:  was  born  in  lladen,  Germany,  November 
3.  1833,  and  was  educated  in  the  schools  of  his  native 
country.  In  1848  immigrated  to  the  United  Stales 
and  settled  in  Erie  county,  N.  Y.,  where  he  lived  up  to 
the  Fall  of  1853  :  then  came  to  Peoria  county  Ills. 
Married  in  1856,  Miss  Josephine  Dinuenode,  a  native 
of  France,  born  April  I,  1836.  He  owns  eighty  acres 
of  farm  land  in  a  high  state  of  cultivation  ;  is  Demo- 
cratic in  politics,  and  «  member  of  the  Roman  Catho- 


lic Church.  Is  at  present  school  director  of  the  dis- 
trict in  which  he  resides. 

GIFFOKl)  WILLI.ASI,  farmer.  Sec.  35.  P. 
O.  Alta.  The  subject  of  this  sketch  is  a  son  of  Wil- 
liam  and  Rebecca  Gifford,  tue  Ellis,  and  was  boro  in 
the  town  of  Falmouth,  Mass.,  February  5.  181 1.  He  re- 
ceived a  good  education  and  at  the  age  of  sixteen  years 
entered  upon  the  study  of  chemistry  and  pharmacy,  to 
which  he  devoted  several  years  close  application.  On 
the  2ist  day  of  November,  1833,  in  the  city  of  New 
Bedford,  he  united  in  marriage  with  Miss  Meriam  H., 
daughter  of  John  and  Anna  Baily.  who  was  bom  at 
Hanover,  Mass.,  December  5,  1813.  and  who,  like  her 
husband,  had  received  all  the  advantages  afforded  by 
the  schools  of  that  period.  In  June,  1736,  Mr.  Gilford 
came  to  Illinois  to  "spy  out  the  land,"  and  selected 
Peoria  as  a  permanent  home.  November  of  that  year, 
he  returned  to  the  "  Old  Bay  State  "  for  his  wife  and  a 
stock  of  goods.  On  Febraary  I,  1837,  ihey  left  New 
Bedford  for  their  future  home,  and  on  the  2d  took 
passage  on  the  barque  "Jane"  for  New  Orleans.  At 
New  Orleans  they  transferred  to  a  Mississippi  river 
steamboat,  and  reached  Peoria  on  the  2d  day  of  April, 
and  have  resided  in  the  county  since.  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Gilford  are  the  parents  of  eleven  children — Helen  C. 
H.,  was  born  in  New  Bedford,  Mass.,  June  15.  1835, 
married  Elias  H.  Pratt,  May  23,  1S33,  and  died  May 
II,  1869;  Caroline  P.,  was  born  at  Net^  Bedford,  De- 
cember 2,  1836,  and  died  at  Peoria,  .August  S.  1S37; 
.Vnna  T.,  was  born  at  Peoria,  May  24.  1S39.  and 
married  Kdwaid  Butler,  .March  19,  1S63;  John  B.,  was 
born  September  21,  1S4I,  married  Miss  Kmeline  John- 
son, September  28,  1S64,  and  is  living  in  Chainpaign 
county  ;  Suban  L.,  was  born  -April  20,  1S44,  married 
Edward  Merrill  in  February,  1879.  and  is  living  in 
Union  county;  Charles,  wa:>  born  October  30.  1845; 
Edward,  was  bom  December  10,  1847,  and  died  in 
March,  1856;  Irene  and  Miriam  H.,  (twins)  were  bora 
.August  4,  1850,  Irene,  married  Edward  Douglas,  De- 
cember 25,  1S72,  and  .Miriam  11.,  married  Isaac  W. 
Grant,  December  23,  1871  ;  William  H.,  was  born 
October  20, 1852,  and  died  January  12,  1855  ;  Alice  G., 
w.as  born  .April  5,  1855.  The  father  of  Mrs.  Gilford  is 
an  honored  and  respected  citizen  of  Lynn,  Mass.,  and 
has  lived  to  sec  his  ninety-third  year. 

OII..I.ETT  .lOHN,  M.  D.,  physician  and  drug- 
gist,  res.  Dunlap  ;  Wfis  born  in  Columbia  county,  N, 
Y.,  on  the  stii  day  of  September,  1S23,  at  the  age  of 
two  and  a  half  years  his  parents  moved  to  Lyons,  Wayne 
county,  N.  Y.  Is  the  second  son  of  Gardner  and 
Phoebe  Gilletl.  Father  native  of  Massachusetts  and 
mother  of  New  York.  Remained  in  Wayne  county 
until  1S35;  thence  removed  to  l'hclp.s,  Ontario  county, 
N.  Y.,  where  he  w.is  educated,  took  an  academic 
course  at  Waterloo,  Seneca  county,  at  which  place  be 


RADNOR  DIRECTORY. 


825 


read  medicine  in  the  office  of  Dr.  Landon  Wells,  and 
graduated  from  the  Geneva  Medical  College  in  1850. 
After  practicing  one  year  in  his  native  State  came 
West  and  located  in  LaSalle,  Ills.,  and  followed  his 
profession  up  to  1S64 ;  thence  removed  to  Trivoli 
township,  this  county,  and  remained  up  to  1S71  ;  thence 
to  Dunlap;  made  the  first  improvement  in  that  town. 
Alter  completing  a  building  engaged  in  the  drug  busi- 
ness in  connection  with  the  practice  of  his  profession. 
Married  in  Varrick,  Seneca  county,  N.  Y.,  in  1852, 
Miss  Julia  Manning,  who  died  at  LaSalle,  Ills.,  in  1864, 
leaving  one  child,  Lucy  C,  born  June  20,  1861.  In 
l856.  Doctor  married  his  present  wife  Miss  Almira  E. 
Blood,  who  is  the  mother  of  two  children,  one  living — 
Jessie  B.,  born  June  16,  1872,  being  the  first  child  born 
in  Dunlap. 

Gordon  Iradel.  fanner.  P.  O.  Dunlap. 
Gordon  Samuel,  farmer,  P.  O.  Dunlap. 

GORDON  SAMUEL,  farmer.  Sec.  15,  P.O. 
Dunlap;  was  born  in  Park  county,  Ind.,  November  17, 
1841.  In  March,  1856,  came  West  and  located  in 
Radnor  township,  Peoria  county,  Ills.,  and  married 
January  I,  1876,  to  Miss  Nancy  A.  Strain,  a  native  of 
Iowa.  They  have  three  children,  Sarah,  Elnora  and 
Elizabeth.  Owns  176  acres  of  .valuable  land,  elegantly 
improved  and  very  fertile.  Is  a  member  of  the  Salem 
Grange,  Patrons  of  Husbandry.  In  September,  1861, 
enlisted  in  Co.  H,  47th  Ills.  Vol.  Inf.,  and  was  mustered 
out  October  20,  1S64,  at  Springfield,  Ills.  Mr.  G.  is 
one  of  the  large  and  well  to  do  farmers  of  the  county, 
a  man  and  citizen  respected  and  admired  in  the  com- 
munity in  which  he  resides.     Republican. 

Hall  S.  C.  farmer.  P.  o.  Dunlap. 
Harlan  Moses,  farmer,  P.  O.  Dunlap. 
Harlan  G.  B.  farmer,  P.  O.  Dunlap. 

HARRISON  ABSALOM,  farmer,  P  O. 
Dunlap.  was  born  in  this  county,  July  17,  1841,  and 
attended  the  district  school  of  his  native  county.  On 
May  24,  18(13,  married  Miss  Hester  A.  Kidd,  daughter 
of  Richard  Kidd  (deceased),  of  Akron  township,  born 
October  31,  1S42.  They  have  five  children:  Essie  L., 
born  January  24,  1868 ;  Marian  J.,  born  March  6, 
1870;  Lorin  E.,  born  April  26,  1S72  ;  Lydia  H.,  born 
December  10,  1873;  and  Myron  A.,  born  December 
21,  1S76  ;  owns  250  acres  of  valuable  land,  160  acres  in 
a  high  state  of  cultivation  and  well  improved.  Politi- 
cally he  is  Republican  ;  is  at  present  school  trustee 
and  has  been  director  ;  is  lecturer  of  Salam  Grange, 
Patrons  of  Husbandry,  No.  1483. 
Hawley  P.  W.  farmer,  P.  O.  Alta. 

HAWLEY  PETER  R.  farmer.  Sec.  25,  P. 
O.  Alta,  was  born  in  Bennington  county,  Vt.,  Sep- 
tember 24,  1813.  When  but  two  years  old,  his  parents 
immigrated  to  Oswego  county,  N.  Y.,  where  he  was 
brought  up  and  educated.  In  1835  moved  West  and 
located  iu  Peoria  county,  where  on  Dec.  24,  1846,  mar- 
58 


ried  Miss  Adelaide  Hinman,  of  Oswego  county,  N.  Y., 
born  February  28,  1825.  They  have  seven  children : 
Alden  L.,  Frank  J.,  Derry  L.,  Justice  T.,  Peter  T., 
Guy  and  Charles  Burt.  Mr.  Hawley  owns  308  acres 
of  land,  over  half  is  under  a  high  state  of  cultivation 
and  well  improved  ;  is  Republican  in  politics,  and  one 
of  the  energetic  and  industrious  citizens  who  have 
been  so  conducive  to  the  county's  welfare. 

HARLAN  HARRISON,  farmer.  Sec.  22,  P. 
O.  Dunlap,  was  born  in  Radnor  township,  February 
12,  1S42.  His  early  education  was  received  in  the 
schools  of  the  county.  On  March  6,  1862,  he  married 
Miss  Hannah  L.  Gordon,  also  a  native  of  this  town- 
ship, born  January  10,  1847.  They  have  seven  chil- 
dren, three  sons  and  four  daughters  ;  own  278  acres 
of  valuable  land,  elegantly  improved  ;  is  Republican 
in  politics  ;  entered  the  service  in  1864,  during  the 
late  war  of  the  Rebellion,  and  served  to  its  close  in 
Co.  "A."  32nd  Ills.  Vols. 

HIBBS  EV^VN  L.  blacksmith,  residence  Dun- 
lap, was  born  in  Lambertsville,  N.  J.,  September  15, 
1843.  While  an  infant  his  parents  moved  to  Phila- 
delphia, Pcnn.,  where  he  was  educated,  and  commenced 
learning  his  trade,  and  at  the  age  of  eighteen,  started 
for  Easton,  Ind.,  and  there  finished  his  trade.  In 
March,  1862,  moved  to  Brimfield,  Peoria  county.  Ills., 
and  lived  one  year  ;  enlisted  in  Co.  "  C."  148th  Ills. 
Vol.  Infty.,  but  afterwards  transferred  to  the  47th, 
and  served  until  the  close  of  the  war.  After  return- 
ing home  removed  to  Princeville,  where  he  married  in 
the  Fall  of  1S66,  Miss  Emily  Hitchcock,  born  Febru- 
ary 14,  185 1.  They  have  one  child,  Willis,  born 
December  5,  1867.  In  the  Spring  of  1S76,  they  re- 
moved to  Dunlap,  where  he  has  worked  at  his  trade 
since.  Mrs.  H.  died  in  May,  1870;  September  10, 
1876,  Mr.  H.  married  Miss  Ella  Young,  a  native  of 
this  county  ;  is  a  member  of  the  A.  F.  &  A.  M.,  and  a 
Democrat. 

HITCHCOCK  BURTON  A.  farmer.  Sec. 
2,  P.  O.  Dunlap,  is  the  son  of  Jedadiah  J.  Hitchcock, 
who  was  born  in  Greene  county,  N.  Y.,  September  8, 
181 1,  and  married  Miss  Elizabeth  Artman,  who  died  in 
March,  1855,  leaving  three  children,  two  sons  and  one 
daughter.  In  1857  he  married  Mrs.  Salome  S.  Cooper, 
his  present  wife.  One  child  blessed  this  marriage.  In 
the  Fall  of  1836  settled  in  Peoria  county,  Ills.  The 
subject  of  this  sketch  was  born  in  Greene  county,  N. 
Y.,  October  31,  1834,  and  when  two  years  old  came  to 
the  county  with  his  parents.  Is  Democratic  in  politics 
and  a  member  of  the  Presbyterian  Church. 

Hervev  D.  farmer,  P.  ().  Dunlap. 
Hitchcock  J.  J.  farmer,  P.  O.  Dunlap. 

HUBER  AQUILLA,  boots  and  shoes,  P.  O. 
Dunlap,  was  born  in  Tazewell  county.  Ills.,  .Xpril  30, 
1854.     In  1858,  with  his  parents  moved  to  St.  Louis, 


826 


HISTORY   OF   PEORIA   COUNTT. 


Mo.,  »nd  from  there  to  Peoria,  Ills.,  the  Fall  of  1864. 
His  early  education  was  received  principally  in 
Peoria,  where  he  also  learned  the  shoe  making 
trade.  In  September,  1S76,  settled  in  Uunlap  and 
engaged  in  his  present  business,  and  has  by  fair  dealing 
and  close  attention  to  business  built  up  a  very  profit- 
able trade.     Is  Republican  in  politics. 

JACKSON  JOHX,  farmer.  Sec.  15.  P.O. 
Dunlap.  Was  born  in  Yorkshire.  England,  August  10, 
1807.  His  education  was  partially  received  in  his 
native  country.  In  1S19  immigrated  to  the  United 
States  with  his  parents,  and  located  in  Newcastle 
county.  Delaware,  and  lived  there  some  eighteen  years, 
and  in  1837  moved  west  and  settled  on  his  present 
farm  in  section  15,  Radnor  township.  In  1851  he 
married  Mrs.  Elizabeth  .\ukland,  a  native  of  Lincoln- 
shire, England.  Mrs.  Jackson  had  two  children  by  her 
former  husband,  and  five  by  the  present  marriage  ;  two 
sons  and  three  daughters.  Own  220  acres  of  valuable 
land  well  improved.  Mr.  J ack.son  is  a  Republican  in  pol- 
itics and  a  member  of  the  Methodist  Church,  Held  the 
office  of  highway  commissioner  for  a  number  of  years. 
His  step-son  and  also  the  husband  of  his  step-daughlcr 
were  in  the  Union  army.  The  former  serving  one  year 
and  the  latter  three  years. 

Ke«<lv  Klleii.  F.  O.  Dunlap. 

Keaily  TIiomim.  farmer.  P.  O.  Dunlap. 

KEYS  ANI>KEW,  miller.  Sec.  30,  P.  O.  Kick- 

apoo,  was  born  in  Washington  county,  I'enn.,  June  23. 

1807.   and  attended  the  schools  in  his   native   county. 

In   1817  his  parents  moved  to  Harrison  county.  Ohio, 

where  he  was  married  in  1828  to  Miss  .Minerva  Vouni;, 

a  native  of  that  county.     She  died  in  1S53.     They  had 

ten  children,  three  of  whom  are  now  living,  two  sons 

and  one  daughter.     In    1858  married  his  second  and 

present  wife,  who  was  Miss  Martha  Kimmel,  who  has 

borne  him    two  children,    ol  whom    one    is    living,    a 

daughter.     In  April  28.  1851,  landed  in  I'eoria  county. 

Ills.,  where  he   has  lived  ever  since.     On  January  13, 

1876.  took  charge  of  Radnor  mill,  on  section  30,  of  that 

township.     Republican  in  politics.     His  son   Ucnioii. 

enlisted  in  1861  in  Davidson's  Battery  of  .Vrtillery,  and 

served  to  the  close  of  the  war. 

KInit  lli-nry.  f»rnnT.  P.  O.  Ilunlap. 
KliiK  llt'iir)  J.  (.iriiiir.  P  U.  Kutilap. 

KNOTT  WM.,  Sr.  farmer.  Sec.  26,  P.  O.  Aha, 
was  burn  in  .Mason  county,  Ky.,  March  31,  1803  ;  was 
brought  up  and  educated  there,  and  in  1S28  marrieil, 
in  Washington,  Mason  county,  Ky.,  Miss  .Sarah  E. 
Knight,  a  native  of  Italtimore,  Md.,  born  Match  12. 
1813.  They  have  had  thirteen  children,  five  living  — 
Emily,  John,  Joseph,  Wm.,  jr.,  and  Elizabeth.  On 
March  12,  1830,  they  came  West  and  settled  In  Peoria 
city,  and  in  1850  purchased  and  began  Improving  ihe 
beautiful  farm  he  now  occupies  in  Radnor  township, 
which  contains  360  acres  in  a  high  state  of  cultivation. 


Also  owns  ss  acres  in  other  portions  of  the  township. 
Is  Democratic  in  politics,  and  has  held  various  local 
offices  in  the  county.  His  son  William  enlisted,  in 
1864,  in  the  108th  III.  Vols.,  and  ser\-ed  to  the  close  of 
the  rebellion. 
Kuult  William,  farmrr.  P.  O.  Alia. 

KRAMER  JACOB,  tin  and  hardware.  P.  O. 
Dunlap,  was  born  in  Peoria,  III.,  Aug.  27,  1853.  and 
attended  the  schoels  of  the  city.  He  married 
Miss  Annie  Spannier,  a  native  of  Richwoods,  bom 
April  23,  1853.  They  have  two  children  —  Emma, 
born  March  20,  1877,  and  Lena,  bom  .\ttg.  19- 
1878.  Mr.  K.  is  independent  in  politics,  and  a  mem- 
ber of  the  M.  E.  Church.  On  the  nth  of  April.  1876. 
purchased  and  began  erecting  his  store  and  residence 
in  Dunlap,  and  after  Its  completion  began  the  bosiuess 
in  which  he  is  now  engaged,  and  has  attained  a  good 
trade. 

Lamay  l>.,  Sr..  farmer.  V.  O.  Dunlap. 
Laitiay  P.  J.  farmer.  P.  O.  Dunlap. 
Ij%may  John,  farmer.  P.  O.  Dunfap. 
Maddi'ii  Tliuiuas.  farmer.  P.O.  Dunlap. 
Mauker  N.  J.  farmer.  P.  O.  Dunlap. 

M.VTTHEWS  W.\LL-\CE,  grain  and  stock 
dealer.  Sec.  0.  Medina  township.  P.  O.  Dunlap.  was 
born  in  Henry  county.  111.,  on  the  I2th  day  of  January, 
1843,  and  six  months  later  his  parents  removed  to  this 
county.  His  education  was  obtained  In  the  schools  of 
Peoria  city.  In  1865  he  married  Miss  Eliza  A.  Fergu- 
son, a  native  of  this  county.  They  have  two  children 
—  Harry  L.,  born  Dec.  14.  1866,  Edward  W.,  bom 
May  21,  1S74.  Is  Republican  in  politics.  In  the  Fall 
of  1877  Mr.  M.  engaged  in  his  present  business,  which 
has  grown  to  large  dimensions  under  his  judicious  man- 
agement. 

Mayo  J.  fanner.  P.  O.  Alta. 
Mayi>.li>«ei>li  farmer,  IV  O.  Alta. 
Mriiilciihall  i\  fanner.  P.  i>.  Dunlap. 
.M'-<iutre  V.  farnirr,  P.  o.  Dunlap. 
McKie  Clark,  (annir.  P.  <>.  Ilunlap. 
MrKre  .lames  W.  farmer,  P.  O.  Dunlap. 
Me\ers  .K»hn.  fanner. 
McKee  Malilon.  farmer,  P.  O.  Dunlap. 
Murphev  A.  fanner,  P.  o.  Dunlap. 
Nelstin  Daniel,  farmer.  P.  O.  Dunlap. 
Noln<in  Dennis,  fanner.  P.  tl.  Dunlap. 

P.VRKS  JOHN  H.  farmer.  Sec.  lo,  P.  O. 
Dunlap,  was  born  in  Knox  county,  Ohio,  Jan.  8,  183J. 
and  was  educated  in  his  native  county.  In  185$,  came 
to  Peoria  county.  111.,  and  married  in  1857,  Miss  Do- 
rathy  G.  Hervey,  of  Washington  county.  Pa.,  bom 
June  35,  1843.  .Seven  children  have  been  bom  lo 
them,  three  sons  and  four  daughters.  He  owns  tto 
acres  of  land,  elegantly  Improved  and  ver}'  valuable.  Is 
Republican  in  |>olitics  and  a  member  of  the  Presbyte- 
rian Church.  He  enlisted  in  1863  in  what  wat  then 
known  as  the  Maine  recruits,  but  after  having  served 
nine  months.  Congress  failed  to  establish  such  a  branch 
of  service  and  were  consequently  disbanded,  Ii  a 
member  of  the  Patrons  of  Husbandry. 

Pollock  JamML  farmer.  P.  O.  I>unlap. 
Powers  Jobii,  rormor,  P.  O.  Dunlap. 


RADNOR  D1RECT(JRY. 


827 


Richmond  N.  farmer.  P.  O.  Diinlan. 
Rif«  Jacob,  fanner,  I'.  O.  Princevnie. 
Klley  Thomas,  farmer,  1*.  O.  Duiilap. 

ROGERS  GEORGE  A.  farmer,  Sec.  17,  T 
O.  Dunlap,  was  born  in  Westchester  county,  N.  Y., 
Oct.  S.  1S31.  His  early  education  was  principally  re- 
ceivetl  in  the  schools  of  his  native  county.  Came  to 
Peoria  county.  III.,  in  1S43,  and  in  1S57  married  Miss 
Maria,  daughter  of  J.  L.  Wakefield,  of  Radnor  town- 
ship. They  have  five  children — -Adolphus  J.,  born 
Oct.  26,  1S57;  Mary  J.,  born  Nov.  15,  1S59;  Grant  S., 
born  Nov.  17,  1863;  Olive  B.,  born  Oct.  2,  1869;  Gratta 
J.,  born  April  I,  1873.  Mr.  Rogers  owns  seventy  acres 
of  valu.able  land,  well  improved.  Politically  he  is  Re- 
publican. Holds  the  office  of  justice  of  the  peace.  En- 
listed in  1S63  and  served  to  the  close  of  the  war. 

ROGERS  JAMES  H.  farmer,  Sec.  4,  P.  O. 
Dunlap,  was  born  in  Westchester  county,  N.  Y.,  Jan. 
31,  1839.  In  1843  he  immigrated  with  his  parents  to 
Jubilee  township,  this  county.  On  his  way  out,  his 
father  was  drowned  in  the  Mississippi  river,  below  St. 
Louis.  His  mother  lived  in  Jubilee  township  up  to  the 
time  of  her  death,  which  occurred  March  12,  1879,  leav- 
ing seven  sons  and  one  daughter,  of  whom  James  H.  is 
the  fifth  son.  He  was  educated  in  the  schools  of  the 
county.  Oct.  10,  i860,  he  married  Miss  Sarah  A. 
Blake,  a  native  of  Peoria  city,  born  May  II,  1S41,  by 
whom  he  has  three  sons  and  four  daughters.  Owns  360 
acres  of  beautiful  land  on  the  home  place,  and  is  a 
member  of  the  Presbyterian  Church.  Has  held  several 
offices  of  the  township.  Republican  in  politics. 
Rogers  Wm.  farmer,  P.  O.  Dunlap. 

ROGERS  "WM.  H.  farmer,  Sec.  9,  P.  O.  Dun- 
lap,  was  born  in  Westchester  county,  N.  Y.,  October  11, 
1836.  At  the  age  of  six  years  came  to  Illinois  with  his 
parents  and  the  rest  of  the  family  and  settled  in  Jubilee 
township,  where  he  attended  school.  In  1S61  he  mar- 
ried Miss  Jennett  E.,  daughter  of  John  L.  Wakefield, 
of  Radnor  township,  born  Nov.  22,  1841,  who  is  the 
mother  of  six  children— Logan  A.,  born  Oct.  24,  1867; 
Charles,  born  Feb.  11,  1870;  Leslie  J.,  born  Oct.  3, 
1S71;  Wilson  N.,  born  May  29,  1S73;  Wm.,born  Feb.  i, 
1875,  and  the  baby,  a  son,  born  May  5,  1879,  In  i866 
Mr.  R.  purchased  and  began  improving  the  beautiful 
farm  on  which  he  now  resides,  on  Sec.  g,  containing 
120  acres,  well  improved.  Is  Republican  in  politics. 
Has  been  commissioner  of  public  highways  in  Jubilee 
township. 

Russell  C.  farmer.  P.  O.  Dunlap. 
.SUaw  c.  H.  A.  farmer.  P.  O.  Alta. 
Sliaw  Thomas,  fanner,  P.  O.  Dunlap. 
.Sheehy  William,  farmer.  P.  o.  Dunlap. 
Sheban  L.  farmer,  P.  O.  Dunlap. 

SMITH  DAVID,  lumber  and  grain  dealer,  Sec. 
6,  P.  O.  Dunlap,  was  born  in  Champaign  county,  O., 
July  13,  1S30.  In  the  Fall  of  1837,  with  his  parents, 
James  and  Maria  Smith,  and  five  other  children,  came 


to  Tazewell  county.  Ills.,  and  after  three  years  resi- 
dence there,  removed  to  Peoria  county,  where  he  has 
since  remained.  On  May  11,  1851,  he  was  united  in 
marriage  with  Miss  Martha  Chapin,  a  native  of  New 
York.  They  have  had  five  children,  two  are  living  : 
Alice,  born  July  14,  1852,  and  Ann,  born  March  6, 
1854.  The  greater  part  of  his  life  has  been  spent  on 
a  farm.  In  1872,  entered  into  the  grain  and  stock 
business,  and  in  1875  added  lumber.  Is  Republican 
in  politics.  Is  at  present  school  director,  and  has  been 
commissioner  of  public  highways  in  Radnor.  He 
owns  about  300  acres  of  valuable  land,  and  some  de- 
sirable town  property  in  Dunlap. 
Smitli  James  Mrs.  P.  O.  Duulap. 

SMITH  JOSEPH,  farmer.  Sec.  8,  P.  O.  Dun- 
lap, was  born  in  Logan  county,  Ohio,  February  14, 
1835.  In  1839,  with  his  parents,  came  West  and 
settled  in  Tazewell  county.  Ills.,  and  in  1844,  removed 
to  this  county  for  three  years,  then  went  to  Marshall 
county  one  year  and  returned  here  for  permanent  set- 
tlement. In  1858,  married  to  Miss  Hettie  Newkirk, 
a  native  of  Tazewell  county.  Ills.,  born  November  30, 
1839.  They  have  four  sons  and  three  daughters. 
Owns  ninety  acres  of  land,  the  most  of  which  is  well 
improved.  Republican  in  politics. 
Smith  Peter,  farmer,  P.  O.  Duulap. 

S3IITH  WM,  farmer.  Sec.  6,  P.  O.  PriuceviUe, 
was  born  in  Champaign  county,  O.,  February  10,  1837. 
While  yet  an  infant,  his  parents  came  West  and  settled 
in  Tazewell  county,  Ills.,  for  some  three  years,  and 
removed  to  Peoria  county  where  he  received  his  early 
education,  and  was  married  in  i86o  to  Miss  Martha  E. 
Bush,  who  died  in  1876,  leaving  three  children,  all  sons. 
On  July  4.  1878,  he  married  his  present  wife,  who  was 
Miss  Carrie  Taylor,  daughter  of  B.  S.  Taylor,  of  this 
county,  born  June  4,  i860.  Mr.  S.  owns  160  acres  of 
farm  land  rarely  surpassed  for  fertility  of  soil  and  im- 
provements.    Republican  in  politics. 

TAYLOR  BURTES  S.  farmer.  Sec.  7,  P.  O. 
Princeville,  was  born  in  New  York  City,  September  g, 
1828,  and  was  brought  up  and  educated  in  that  city. 
Married  Miss  Alice  Gregory,  of  New  Jersey,  in  1853, 
who  died  in  1S67,  leaving  two  sons  and  five  daughters. 
In  1872,  Mr.  Taylor  married  in  this  county  his  present 
wife,  Araminta  Sawyer,  a  native  of  Mercer  county,  Va., 
born  December  14,  1838.  By  this  marriage  there  is 
one  child.  Mr.  T.  immigrated  to  Radnor  township, 
Peoria  county,  in  1845,  where  he  owns  a  beautiful 
farm  of  420  acres,  under  a  high  state  of  cultivation. 
In  1846,  enlisted  under  Col.  Ringgold  for  service  during 
the  Mexican  war,  and  served  until  its  close.  He  is 
now  one  of  the  prosperous  and  well  to  do  farmers  of 
the  county.  He  started  at  twenty-five  cents  per  day 
in  a  rope  walk,  and  boarded  himself. 
Tallyn  EUzahetli.  farmer,  P.  O.  Klckapoo. 


828 


inSTdlfV   OF   PKOHIA   COUNTY. 


TUIGEK  WILLIAM,  farmer.  Sec.  34.  P.  O. 
Alti,  Wis  born  in  Devonshire,  England.  August  15. 
1826.  where  he  was  brought  up  and  educated.  In 
June,  1S51.  immigrated  to  this  country,  and  settled  in 
Peoria  county,  where  he  married,  in  1856,  Miss  Ellen 
Stewart,  who  dietl  in  October,  1866,  leaving  one  son 
and  two  daughters.  He  afterwards  married  his 
present  wife,  who  was  Miss  Jessie  Stewart.  15y  this 
marriage  they  have  one  son.  Mr.  Tri^er  owns  400 
acres  of  very  productive  and  well  improved  land  ;  is 
independent  in  politics,  and  a  member  oi  the  Episcopal 
Church,  and  school  director. 

TUCKElt  CYKUS.  farmer.  Sec.  29,  P.  O. 
Kickapoo.  was  born  in  I'lyraouth,  Mass.,  July  19,  1809, 
was  educated  in  the  common  schools  of  his  native  town. 
In  .-Vugust,  1841,  married  Miss  Abigal  T.  A.  Shaw,  who 
died  in  1846.  leaving  two  children,  one  o(  which  is  now 
living.  Clarence  S.  On  September  13,  1S57,  married 
his  present  wife,  Miss  Fannie  Keim,  a  native  of  Somer- 
set county,  I'enn.,  born  May  19,  1823.  The  fruit  of 
this  union  is  two  children,  one  is  living,  (jeorge  W. 
In  October.  1S41.  immediately  after  his  first  marriage, 
they  removed  to  Radnor,  Peoria  county,  where  he  owns 
420  acres  of  superior  farming  land;  is  Democratic  in 
politics;  has  been  township  supervisor  of  Radnor  for 
two  terms,  and  held  other  local  ofrice>. 

VAX  FATTEN'  ItOBEBT  «.,  A.  M. 
was  born  in  .Sterling.  Cayuga  county,  N.  Y..  March  17, 
1825  ;  is  the  son  of  Dr.  Peter  Van  Patten,  and  Lydia 
Van  Patten,  the  daughter  of  John  Bullock,  a  well 
known  English  farmer,  of  .\lbanycouuty,N.  Y.  The  par- 
ents of  Mr.  Van  Patten  settled  in  Stcrlini;.  N.  Y.,in  1816 
and  were  among  the  fir»t  settlers  of  that  section,  then 
known  as  Western  New  York.  No  schools  near — the 
diKtor  fitted  up  a  log  cabin  and  taught  in  it  himself  a 
free  school,  for  the  benefit  of  his  own  and  his  neigh- 
bors' children ;  leaving  the  school  in  the  care  of  his 
daughters-only  twelve  years  of  age,  when  he  was  called 
away  on  professional  business.  He  died  in  1829.  at 
the  age  of  fifty-one,  leaving  ten  children  to  the  sole 
care  of  their  mother;  but  he  had  provided  by  tvilHox 
a  liberal  English  education  of  the  five  younger  ones  of 
the  ten.  Of  the  five,  after  leaving  a  very  good  com- 
mon school, — one.  Dr.  M.  H.  Van  Fatten,  deceased, 
well  known  in  this  county,  by  his  own  efforts,  acquired 
a  medical  education ;  and  the  two  youngest,  K.  I),  and 
John  U.,  also  by  their  own  efforLs,  using  teaching  as 
the  means,  passed  through  a  complete  classical  college 
course,  at  Middletown,  Connecticut.  Early  in  life. 
Robert  IS.  chose  tc.iching  as  a  profession,  and  qualified 
himself  for  the  work.  Now  at  the  age  of  fifly-fivc,  he 
is  still  at  the  work  of  teaching  for  a  part  of  the  year, 
with  the  same  zeal  he  did  thirty-five  yean  ago,  and 
linds  reit  and  ncuptralioH  in  out-door  lat>or  on  the 
farm.     He  married,  in   1851,  Miu  Sarah  A.,  daughter      I 


of  Rev.  \Vm.  Nipper,  of  Somersetshire,  England.  By 
this  marriage  there  arc  four  children  living,  yit, 
Sarah  Theresa,  born  September  18,  1852  :  \Vm.  John- 
ston, born  April  6,  1854;  Robert  M.,  born  November 
23,  1861  ;  George  Milton,  born  February  14.  1S68. 
Sarah  T.  graduated  at  the  Peoria  High  School,  at  the 
age  of  sixteen,  at  the  Peoria  county  Normal  School  at 
seventeen  ;  taught  six  years  in  Peoria  city,  four  of  the 
six  in  the  County  Normal  School  In  1877  graduated 
at  the  State  Normal  School,  at  Oswego,  N.  Y..  and 
since  has  been  engaged  in  teaching  at  Jamestown.  New 
York.  William  J.  has  been  a  teacher  in  Peoria  county 
for  the  last  seven  years.  Robert  M.  and  George  M.  are 
at  home.  His  first  wife  died  November  II,  iS6S. 
Mtrriedhis  present  wife.  Miss  Matilda  A.  Shulti,  of 
.Navarre,  Ohio,  July  4,  1869.  Of  this  marriage  there 
are  three  daughters  and  one  son  :  Minnie  A..  Ellen  E., 
Centa  Gertrude,  and  Albert  Bullock. 
Vtxjrhees  Josepb.  farmer.  F.  o.  Kickapoo. 

VAUGHN  BENJAMIN  C.  wagon  maker 
and  blacksmith,  res.  Dunlap.  Was  born  in  Ashland 
Co.,  Ohio.  Feb.  16,  1837.  In  Feb.  1854.  left  home  and 
went  to  Three  Rivers,  Mich.,  and  in  the  Fall  of  the 
same  year  removed  to  Mount  Vernon,  Indiana,  and 
remained  until  January  1S5S,  when  he  returned  home, 
and  in  March,  1S59  again  came  West  and  settled  in  Cal- 
laway Co.,  Mo.,  and  worked  at  brick  making.  In  May 
1S60.  went  across  the  line  in  Boone  Co.,  Ky.,  and  mar- 
ried Miss  Mary  E.  Burnett,  the  same  year,  a  native  of 
Kentucky.  They  have  three  living  children.  Emily  S., 
Julia  A.,  and  Ilattie  .M.  In  April,  1S63  came  to  Peoria 
Co..  111.,  and  in  1867  again  removed  to  Ford  jCo.,  III., 
where  he  remained  until  1S74.  then  came  to  Dunlap 
where  he  commenced  the  wagon  making  and  black- 
smith business,  and  has  built  up  an  extensive  trade  in 
his  line.  Enlisted  in. Sept.  18G1  in  the  First  Mo.  Mounted 
Infantry,  and  served  until  they  were  disbanded  in  the 
Fall  of  1862.  Rc-enlisted  in  February  1S63  in  the  7th 
III.  Mounted  Infantry,  and  ser%'ed  until  the  close  of  the 
war.  Is  a  member  of  the  A.  F.  &  A.  M.  Republican 
in  politics. 

WAKEFIELD  JOHN  L.  f.irmer.  Sec.  18. 
P.  O.  Dunl.ip.  Was  born  in  Chester  Co..  Penn.,  June 
iS,  1794.  In  1821,  moved  to  Warren  Co.,  Ohio,  and 
married  the  same  year  .Miss  Martha  Strickler  of  Dau- 
phinc  Co.,  Pa.,  born  Oct.  28,  1805,  died  Feb.  19.  1879. 
They  had  fifteen  children,  of  whom  nine  are  now  living, 
Sarah,  born  March  24,  1825,  Joseph,  born  Feb.  aS, 
1S30,  William,  born  Jan.  30,  1832,  Wilson  N.,  bom 
March  17,  1837,  Maria,  born  June  15,  1839,  Janette, 
born  Nov.  22,  1S41,  Henry  1).,  born  Sept.  9.  1846, 
Sophia  I..,  bom  Jan.  aS,  1849.  and  Rebecca.born  Jan,  27, 
1834.  Three  of  this  number  are  now  in  California  and 
one  in  Iowa,  and  the  rest  in  the  immediate  neighbor- 
hood of  the  old  homestead.     In  the  Fall  of  1S34,  Mr. 


Hifinvoons  ni rectory. 


829 


\V.  came  to  Peoria  Co.,  and  in  1836.  removed  to  Radnor 
township  on  Sec.  iS,  where  he  still  resides.  Owns  a 
fine  farm  of  160  acres  elegantly  improved,  besides  forty- 
eight  and  a  half  acres  of  timber.  Politically  is  an  Old 
Jeffersonian  Democrat,  and  now  after  an  active  life  of 
over  eighty-6ve  years,  is  hale  and  hearty.  Had  two 
sons  John  and  Henry  enlisted  during  the  war  of  the 
Rebellion  and  served  with  considerable  distinction. 

WAKEFIELD  WM.  W.  farmer,  Sec.  iS,  P. 
O.  Dunlap.  Was  born  in  Butler  Co.,  Ohio,  Jan.  30, 
1832.  At  the  age  of  four  years  with  his  pnrents  moved 
West  and  settled  in  Peoria  Co,  111,,  where  he  received 
his  early  education.  Married,  in  Jan.  1,  1857,  Miss 
Elizabeth  Wilkinson,  a  native  of  this  county,  born  Aug. 
2,  1839.  They  have  four  children.  Geo.  Washington, 
born  Oct.  15,  1857,  Frank  Leslie,  born  Aug.  13,  1859, 
Cora  Ada,  born  July  4,  1S66,  and  Mabel  Evaline,  born 
April  7,  1877.  Owns  413  acres  of  very  valuable  land 
well  improved.  Republican  in  politics.  Has  been 
school  director  for  nine  years.  Is  overseer  of  Salem 
Grange  No.  1483  ;  post  of  honor. 

Wilder  E.  farmer.  P.  O.  Dunlap. 
Wilkins  Chas.  farmer,  P.  O.  Duulap. 

WILL  OTHO  B.  physician  and  surgeon,  res. 
Dunlap.  Was  born  in  Mercerburg,  Franklin  Co., 
Penn.,  June  27,  1846.  Emigrated  with  his  parents  in 
1856  to  Fulton  Co.,  111.,  where  he  was  educated.  Began 
the  reading  of  medicine  in  1866,  in  the  office  of  Dr. 
Swisher  of  Canton,  and  graduated  in  Rush  Medical 
College,  Chicago,  in  iS6g.  Immediately  after  can-e  to 
Peoria  Co.,  and  settled  in  Kickapoo.  where  he  was 
married  in  1870  to  Miss  Elizabeth  Grant,  a  native  of 
French  Grove,  born  July  7,  184S.  They  have  two 
children,  Maud  E.,  born  Jan.  26,  1S73,  an  infant  son 
Otho  Grant,  born  Aug.  24,  1878.  In  June,  1S75  remov- 
ed to  Dunlap  where  he  has  an  extensive  practice.  Politi- 
cally he  is  a  Republican,  and  member  of  the   Presby- 


terian Church,  also  a  member  of  Peoria  Medical  Society. 

Wllllam.s  .tohn,  farmer.  P.  O.  Alta. 
Wllllam.s  K.  It.  (estate)  farmer,  P.  O.  Alta. 

WILSON  CHARLES  M.  butcher  and  stock 
dealer,  P.  O.  Dunlap.  Was  born  in  Lafayette,  Slark 
Co.,  I11.S.,  Jan.  g,  1844.  Was  educated  in  the  school  of 
his  native  county.  In  1865  married,  Miss  Jennie  Law- 
son  of  Hamilton  Co,  Ohio,  born  June  7,  1844.  Tliey 
have  three  children,  Henry  A.,  born  Feb.  26,  1867, 
Lizzie  B.,  born  Dec.  20,  1868,  Minnie  A.,  born  March, 
26,  1876.  They  removed  to  Dunlap  in  the  Spring  of 
1S74,  and  he  entered  into  his  present  business.  Enlisted 
in  1864  in  Co.  E.  139th  111.  Vol.  Inf.,  and  served  some  six 
months.  Republicnn  in  politics,  and  has  held  the  office 
of  justice  of  the  peace  and  township  assessor. 

YATES  JOS.  J.  (deceased),  farmer.  Sec.  1,  P. 
O.  Dunlap.  Was  born  in  Ohio  Co.,  W.  Va.,  Sept.  8, 
1832,  was  brought  up  and  educated  in  his  native  county, 
and  in  May  1847  came  to  Illinois  and  settled  in  Peoria 
Co..  where  he  married,  Jan.  i,  1856,  Miss  Elizabeth  C. 
Ready,  a  native  of  the  same  county  as  her  husband, 
born  Oct.  29,  1834.  They  have  nine  children,  five  sons 
and  four  daughters.  He  died  Dec.  5,  1877.  Widow 
still  survives  him.  She  owns  235  acres  of  land  ;  the 
home  place  is  finely  improved.  Mrs.  Yates  is  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Presbyterian  Church  at  Dunlap,  as  was  also 
her  husband  during  life. 

YATES  W3I.  L.  general  merchant,  P  O.  Dun- 
lap. Was  born  in  Akron  township,  Peoria  county,  on 
the  nth  day  of  Sept.  1857,  and  received  a  liberal  edu- 
cation in  the  schools  of  his  native  township.  On  the 
23rd  day  of  May,  1S78,  came  to  Dunlap  and  embarked, 
in  April  of  the  following  year,  in  general  merchan- 
dising, and  has  met  with  flattering  success.  Politically 
Mr.  Y.  is  a  Republican,  and  is  a  member  of  the  Pres- 
byterian Church.  Is  the  only  child  of  Wilson  Yates, 
(deceased)  of  Akron  township. 


RICHWOODS    TOWNSHIP. 


Baker  Eva.  farmer.  P.  O.  Peoria. 
Hell  (reorge.  farmer,  P.  O.  Peoria. 
Beck  .).  P.  town  clerk.  P.  O.  Peoria. 

BIRKET  JOHN  C.  real  estate,  res.  Richwoods 

township,  P.  O.  Peoria,   was  born   in  Peoria  in    1S34. 

His  mother  came  to  Peoria  in  1825,  and  died  in  1852. 

His  father  came  in    1826,  and  died  October  16,  1874. 

Mr.  Birket   married  January  i,  1868,   Miss  Ann  Jane 

Grundy,   a  native  of  Bolton,  Lancashire,  England,  by 

whom  he  has  four  children  —  Mary  A.  J.,  John  Charles, 

Jr.,  Walter  A.,  and  William  Edwin.     He  and  his  wife 

are   members    of  the   Episcopal    Church.     When    Mr. 

Birket's   father  came  to   Peoria  there  were  but  a  few 


houses  built ;  he  located  three  fractional  quarters  in 
Peoria  township,  and  in  1835  one  and  one-fourth  sec- 
tions in  Richwoods  township,  upon  which  the  home- 
stead of  the  subject  of  this  sketch  is  situated.  He  laid 
out  two  additions  to  Peoria,  which  bear  his  name.  He 
sold  land  occupied  by  the  water  works  and  fair  grounds 
for  public  purposes.  He  donated  a  square  in  the  first 
addition  (Church  Square)  for  church  purposes;  one- 
quarter  square  for  parsonage,  and  a  fractional  quarter 
for  school  purposes,  which  has  nol  yet  been  improved. 

Blrfcel  Jacob,  gardener,  P.  O.  Peoria. 


830 


HISTORY  OF   PEORIA   COUNTS' 


BOEIICKEI.     .lOHX      F.     superintendent 

Sprini;"i.ile  Cemeicry,  I'.  O.  I'eoria. 

BOOTZ  PETEK  Mrs.  farmer.  Sec.  32.  P.  O. 
Peoria. 
Bowman  A.  (nrdcner.  P.  O.  Peoria. 

BRICKEL  JACOB  Mrs.  gardener.  Sec.  33, 
P.  O.  Peoria. 
Uudd  Israel,  farmer.  P.  U.  Peoria. 

CALHOUX  J.H.  farmer.  Sec.  28,  P.  O.  Peoria. 

Camblln  Wm.  rellretl.  P.  O.  Peoria. 
Carrlnffton  W.  farmer,  P.  O.  Peoria. 
CarcwrlKtit  Wm.  liveryman.  P.  o.  Peoria. 
ClegK  Joseph,  retired  merchant.  P.  O.  Peoria. 

CODY  JOSEPH,  brickmaker,  Sec.  22,  P.  O. 
Peoria,  was  born  in  county  Kilkenny,  Ireland,  in  Aug- 
ust, 1824,  and  is  the  son  of  Patrick  and  .\nnie  (Wallace) 
Cody,  natives  of  that  county.  He  worked  on  a  (arm 
there  until  twenty-six  years  old,  when  he  came  alone  to 
America,  landing  at  New  York  in  April,  1850;  re- 
mained in  Buffalo  lor  five  months,  and  then  went  to 
Bucks  county.  Pa.,  for  two  years,  where  he  worked  on 
a  farm,  and  in  the  latter  part  of  1852  came  first  to  Peo- 
ria county  and  resided  there  until  1859.  Helween  the 
last  date  and  1863  he  was  mostly  in  the  .South,  moving 
about  a  good  deal,  and  in  1863  returned  to  Peoria 
county,  and  began  brick  making  on  his  own  account, 
which  he  has  since  continued.  He  married  August  20, 
1865,  Miss  Margaret  Walsh,  a  native  of  county  Kil- 
kenny, Ireland.  He  owns  eight  acres  of  land,  upoo, 
which  are  his  yard  and  residence.  Mr.  and  Mrs,  Cody 
are  members  of  the  Catholic  Church. 

COLE  R.  M.  farmer.  Sec,  22,  P.  O.  Peoria,  was 
born  in  Otsego  county,  N,  Y.,  September  9,  1822,  and 
is  the  son  of  Richard  and  Emily  (Morgan)  Cole.  His 
father  was  a  native  of  Connecticut,  and  his  mother  of 
Vermont.  He  grew  up  and  was  educated  in  his  native 
county,  and  learned  there  the  trade  of  shoemaker. 
After  the  acquisition  of  his  trade  he  went  to  Chicago, 
and  there  worked  at  it  for  about  two  years.  He  after- 
wards returned  home  and  learned  the  art  of  photo- 
graphy, then  in  its  infancy,  and  for  a  number  of  years 
traveled  through  the  .Stales  of  New  York,  Vermont, 
Illinois  and  Wisconsin,  plying  his  craft.  He  married 
in  Chicago,  March  30,  1850,  Miss  Lydia  A,  Corlis,  a 
native  of  New  Hampshire,  daughter  of  David  and 
Dolly  (Blake)  Corlis,  natives  of  New  Hampshire,  who 
was  born  July  6,  1832,  by  whom  he  had  two  children — 
Nelly,  born  June  23,  1852,  died  July  15.  of  the  same 
year;  and  Roderick  C,  born  January  2,  1862,  died 
February  16,  1879.  In  the  year  of  his  marriaj;e  he 
came  to  Peoria,  and  resided  there  carrying  on  business 
as  a  photographer  till  Octocer,  1S59,  when  he  bought 
his  present  farm  and  moving  to  it,  has  ever  since  re- 
tided  there.  He  owns  217  acres  of  land,  a  large  part 
of  which  is  under  cultivation,  and  has  a  large  and 
haiidtome  rekidence  upon  it.  M  r.  Cole  has  occasionally 
filled  some  of  the  minor  ofTices  in  the  township. 


COXXELY  WILLIAM,  brick  maker,  p.  O. 
Peoria,  was  born  in  the  county  of  Antrim,  Ireland, 
Nov.  22,  1828.  and  is  the  son  of  Thomas  and  Agnes 
(Gardner)  Connely,  natives  of  Antrim.  He  grew  up  to 
manhood  there,  and  worked  for  seven  years  and  eight 
months  in  a  linen  bleaching  green,  and  came  to  Ameri- 
ca in  1849,  landing  at  New  York  in  the  Summer  of  that 
year.  He  came  straight  through  to  Peoria,  and  for  a 
short  time  worked  in  a  broom  manufactory,  and  then 
on  the  railroad.  For  some  years  he  worked  in  the 
brick  yards  during  Summer,  and  in  the  Winter  time 
in  Farmers'  Mill.  Peoria.  He  married  April  27,  1856, 
Miss  Ann  Kilpatrick,  a  native  of  Antrim,  who  came  to 
.\meiica  about  three  years  later  than  himself,  by  whom 
he  has  had  eight  children,  six  now  living  —  Thomas, 
Agnes,  Mary,  Margaret,  Ellen  and  Mina.  In  the  year 
of  his  marriage  he  began  in  his  present  business  for 
himself,  and  has  since  continued  it  on  an  extensire 
scale.  His  brick  yard  is  in  Peoria  township.  He  owns 
thirty-five  acres  of  land,  which  cost  him  $3.cooin  1861. 
and  upon  which  he  has  since  built  a  fine  house.  Mrs. 
Connely  and  family  are  members  of  Grace  Mission 
Church. 
Connwl  .laeol).  P.  O,  Peoria. 

COOPER  MARCUS,  farmer.  Sec.  32.  P.  O. 
Peoria,  was  born  in  Mercer  county,  Ohio,  Jan.  i.  iSjo, 
and  grew  to  manhood  in  that  county.  He  came  to  Illi- 
nois, settling  in  Fond  Du  Lac  township,  of  Tatewell 
county,  in  184S.  and  married  Feb.  13.  1851.  Adeline 
Iiatman.  who  was  horn  there  Oct.  7.  1831,  who  bore 
him  five  children,  only  one  now  alive — Har\'ey  H. 
Cooper.  This  son  married  Oct,  3.  1872,  Miss  Nettie 
Atwood,  a  native  of  Aurora,  Kane  county.  III.,  by  whom 
he  has  two  children  —  Edith,  born  July  22,  1873.  and 
Robert,  born  Sept.  26,  1875.  Mr.  Cooper  rents  twenty 
acres  of  land,  upon  which  he  grows  principally  grapes 
and  fruit.  Himself  and  wife  are  membersof  the  Metho- 
dist Church. 

CRAXDALL  JOHX  W.  farmer.  Sec.  22,  V. 
O.  Peoria,  was  born  in  Richwoods  township,  Feb,  23, 
1S48,  anil  is  the  fourth  son  of  Wesley  and  Jane  (Stringer) 
Crandall,  natives  of  Ohio,  who  came  to  Peoria  county 
in  1S35,  His  father  died  in  1S54,  but  his  mother  is 
still  alive  and  resides  on  the  old  homestead  with  him. 
He  was  raised  upon  it.  and  at  the  beginning  of  the  war 
enlisted  in  an  Illinois  regiment,  and  after  a  period  of 
service  was  discharged.  Shortly  af^erwar<ls  he  re-enli«ted 
as  a  veteran  and  served  until  the  close  of  the  war.  His 
mother  owns  sixty  acres  of  fine  farming  land,  worth 
al>out  $f>o  per  acre, 
CrandAll  ,lanp,  f,'»rnier,  P.O.  Peoria. 

CROWEI.1L  V,  L.  farmer  and  dairy  roan.  Sec. 
21.  P.  O.  Peoria,  was  born  in  Middlesex  county.  Conn., 
Oct.  I,  1827,  and  is  the  son  of  Adonijah  and  Hannah 
Crowell,  Hft  Bowe,  natives  of  that  county.     He  went  to 


RICHWOODS   nilUXTdRY. 


831 


school,  was  raised  on  his  father's  farm,  and  also  learned 
the  trade  of  blacksmith.  When  twenty-one  years  old 
he  went  to  Hartford,  and  for  two  years  worked  in 
Sharp's  rifle  factory  there.  He  came  to  Peoria  July  i, 
1856,  and  resided  there  until  1S68,  working  at  his  trade, 
and  in  the  last  named  year  came  to  his  present  location 
in  Richwoods  township,  and  has  ever  since  resided 
there.  He  owns  fony  acres  of  land,  and  rents  160 
acres ;  keeps  about  seventy  cows,  and  sends  the  milk 
daily  into  Peoria.  He  has,  by  hard  labor,  made  a  fine 
farm  out  of  what  was  a  few  years  previous  a  wilderness. 
He  married  in  Hartford  county,  Conn.,  Miss  Sarah 
Steadman,  who  was  born  there  April  12,  1S31,  and  they 
are  the  parents  of  five  children,  only  one  of  whom  is 
now  living  — Clara  Louisa,  born  June  4,  1865.  Mr. 
Crowell  has  been  school  director  and  trustee  for  a  num- 
ber of  years. 

DALTOX  JOSEPH,  farmer  and  brick  man- 
ufacturer. Sec.  32,  P.  O.  Peoria,  was  born  in  county 
Kilkenny,  Ireland,  Dec.  29,  182S,  and  is  the  son  of 
Thomas  and  Mary  (Cody)  Dalton,  natives  of  that  county. 
He  was  raised  on  his  father's  farm,  and  after  his  death, 
in  1S45,  took  charge  of  it  for  six  years.  In  1851,  he 
came  with  his  mother,  three  brothers  and  a  sister  to 
America,  landing  at  New  Orleans  in  March  of  that 
year;  came  straight  to  Peoria  county  and  has  resided 
there  ever  since.  Shortly  after  his  arrival,  he  learned 
the  brick  making  business,  and  worked  at  it  a  number 
of  years.  He  started  manufacturing  with  a  partner  in 
1859,  and  since  i864hasmanufacture't  solely  on  his  own 
account.  He  married  Feb.  28,  1S61,  Miss  Catherine 
Nail,  a  native  of  county  Kilkenny,  by  whom  he  has  had 
nine  children,  eight  now  alive  —  James,  Mary,  Richard, 
Patrick,  Elizabeth,  Catherine,  Joseph  and  Margaret. 
He  owns  ninety-five  acres  of  land,  which  he  stocks  and 
farms.  Himself,  wife  and  family  belong  to  the  Catho- 
lic Church. 

Dempsey  Wra.  farmer.  P.  O.  Peoria. 
Densberger  P.  farmer,  P.  O.  Peoria, 

DICKISON  Wai.  B.  (retired),  Sec.  33,  P.  O. 
Peoria,  was  born  in   Switzerland  county,  Ind.,  Feb.  9, 

1834,  and  is  the  son  of  Griffith  and  Achsah  Dickison 
nee  Bennett.  His  father  was  a  native  of  Indiana,  and 
his  mother  of  New  York  State.  In  the  Spring  of  1835 
he  came  with  his  parents  to  Peoria  county,  and  resided 
for  some  time  near  Mossville,  thence  removing  to  Rad- 
nor township.  Sec.  21,  where  he  grew  up  to  manhood. 
He  married  there,  March  15,  1S55,  Miss  .\nn  Wilkin- 
son,  a  native   of  Park   county,  Ind.,   born  March  15, 

1835.  who  is  the  mother  of  three  children  —  Lizzie,  now 
Mrs.  Frank  Epperson,  Charles  D.  and  William  Ernest, 
Some  years  previous  to  marriage  he  bought  a  farm  in 
Sec.  35,  Radnor  township,  to  which  he  brought  his 
wife,  and  there  all  his  children  were  born.  He  con- 
tinued to  reside  there  until  Sept.,  1874,  when  he  retired 


from  active  farming  life,  and  leaving  his  farm  to  the 
care  of  his  sons  he  came  to  Richwoods,  and  bought  his 
present  home.  He  owns  there  13  acres  pasture  land, 
with  residence,  etc.  In  Radnor  and  Kickapoo  town- 
ships he  owns  400  acres  fine  farming  land,  almost  all 
under  cultivation,  and  worth  about  $65  an  acre.  Mr. 
Dickison's  mother  died  in  the  Fall  of  1858,  but  his 
father  is  still  a  resident  of  Radnor  township.  Mrs. 
Dickison  is  a  member  of  Calvary  Mission  Church. 
Klson  Sarati.  farmer,  P.  O.  Peoria. 

ESSKX  THOMAS,  farmer,  Sec.  29,  P.  O. 
Peoria,  was  born  in  Albemarle  county,  Va.,  Nov.  15, 
1803,  and  is  the  son  of  Thomas  and  Elizabeth  (Bowen) 
Essex,  natives  of  Maryland.  They  were  farmers,  and 
he  was  bred  a  farmer,  on  the  home  farm,  until  1S30 
when  the  whole  family  removed  to  Illinois,  and  settled 
for  one  year  near  the  present  site  of  Wyoming.  After- 
wards he  worked  for  some  time  in  Peoria,  and  in  1834 
bought  his  present  place,  and  has  ever  since  resided 
upon  it.  He  married,  in  Virginia,  Sept.  4,  1827.  Miss 
Ellen  Martin,  a  native  of  that  State,  born  about  1811, 
by  whom  he  has  had  eleven  children,  eight  now  alive  — 
Sylvester,  Sarah,  Nancy,  William,  Mary  Eliza,  Ellen 
and  John.  His  third  son,  Joseph,  died  of  disease,  at 
Cairo,  III.,  while  serving  in  the  Union  army  during  the 
war.  Mr.  Essex  owns  80  acres  of  land,  all  under  cul- 
tivation, and  nearly  all  under  plow.  He  values  it  at 
about  $6,000.  All  his  children  except  youngest  son  and 
daughter  are  married.  These  two  remain  at  home  with 
him. 

Faliiiestoclc  H.  H.  farmer,  P.  O.  Peoria. 
Ffiii-hter  L.  gardener  P.  O.  Peoria. 
Ffiiiiell  Wra.  farmer,  P.  O.  Peoria. 

PLAXXAGAN  JAMES  H.  brickmaker. 
Sec.  32,  P.  O.  Peoria,  was  born  in  Salem  county.  N.  J., 
Jan.  22,  1838,  and  is  the  son  of  James  and  Rachel 
Flannagan  nee  Wells,  natives  of  the  same  county.  He 
grew  to  manhood  upon  the  home  farm,  and  in  1S66 
came  to  Illinois,  settling  upon  the  land  he  still  occupies. 
He  married.  May  7,  1870,  Miss  Sarah  Jane  McKinney, 
a  native  of  Peoria  county,  by  whom  he  has  two  chil- 
dren, Rachel  May,  born  in  May,  1875,  and  Maud  Mc- 
Kinney, born  in  August,  1S78.  Mr.  Flannagan  owns 
15  acres  of  land,  part  of  which  is  used  as  a  brick  yard, 
and  on  which  he  also  resides.  Makes  about  1,000,000 
brick  a  year.  His  parents  are  still  alive  and  residents 
of  New  Jersey.  On  national  issues  he  votes  the  Re- 
publican ticket,  but  in  local  matters  for  the  best  man, 
irrespective  of  party. 

FKYE  ABRAHA3I,  farmer,  Sec.  29,  P.  O. 
Peoria,  was  born  in  W.ashington  county,  Pa.,  July  11, 
1814,  and  is  the  son  of  Benjamin  and  Sarah  (Schaffer) 
Frye,  natives  of  that  county.  He  went  to  school  and 
was  raised  there  until  twenty-five  years  old,  when  in 
1839  came  to  Illinois  alone  on  a  prospecting  trip  after 


832 


HISTORY   OF  PEORIA  COUNTY 


land,  which  extended  over  eight  munths,  and  he  then 
returned  with  so  favorable  a  report,  that  in  the  follow, 
ing  year  the  whole  family  came  West,  and  his  father 
bought  the  quarter  section  Mr.  Frye  now  resides  upon. 
His  father  died  about  1S69,  and  his  mother  about  three 
years  later.  Mr.  Frye  married,  Feb.  25,  1840,  Miss  ■ 
Eleanor  Campbell,  a  native  of  Penn.,  who  was  born 
May  21,  lSt4.  by  whom  he  has  had  four  children,  three 
now  alive — Benjamin,  Mary  and  Josephine.  Mrs. 
Frye  died  Sept.  ao,  184S,  and  he  re-married,  Jan.  27, 
1853.  Miss  Margaret  Belford,  his  present  wife,  who  was 
bom  in  Muskingum  county,  Ohio,  Dec.  9,  1829.  She 
has  borne  him  seven  children,  six  now  alive  —  Frank- 
lin P.,  Emma,  Andrew  Douglass,  Ida  May,  Richard 
Yates,  (deceased),  William  Everett  and  Ilervey.  His 
oldest  son  served  during  the  war  in  the  77th  I.  V.  I. 
Mr.  Frye  has  ever  since  coming  resided  at  present  loca- 
tion. He  owns  80  acres  of  land,  all  under  cultivation. 
Has  filled  the  offices  of  road  commissioner  and  school 
director  for  some  years. 

Frej-e  J.  K.  P.  ferryman.  P.  O.  Peoria. 
Frye  Smttti.  farmer,  P.  O.  Peoria. 

FKYE  NA>X'Y  Mrs.  Sec.  33,  P.  O.  Peoria. 

Fruah  Peter,  ffartleoer,  P.  O.  Peoria. 
Fulton  Joseph,  farmer.  P.  (>.  Peoria. 

FULTOX  JOS  I  AH,  farmer.  Sec.  28.  P.  O.  Peo- 
ria. The  subject  of  this  sketch  is  the  last  survivor  of 
the  first  seven  American  settlers  who  came  to  Fort 
Clark  in  April,  1819.  He  is  the  fifth  child  and  third 
son  of  James  and  Jane  Fulton,  nee  Crow,  and  was  born 
near  Wheeling,  Virginia,  February  19,  1800.  When  he 
was  six  years  of  age  his  parents  removed  from  Virginia 
and  settled  in  Randolph  county,  this  State,  making  the 
trip  from  Wheeling  to  the  mouth  of  the  Ohio  in  a  flat 
boat,  and  from  there  to  Ka.skaskia  in  a  half-keel  boat. 
At  that  time  Illinois  formed  a  part  of  Indiana  territory, 
and  there  were  but  few  American  settlers  in  any  part  of 
the  countr)',  and  they  were  all  confined  to  the  extreme 
southern  part.  He  was  somewhat  of  a  roving  disposi- 
tion and  moved  from  one  place  to  another,  so  that 
Josiah  grew  to  manhood  in  Randolph,  St.  Clair  and 
Bond  counties.  In  1819  his  father  was  living  on  School 
Creek,  and  it  was  there  that  Josiah  and  six  others 
made  up  a  little  colony  to  form  a  new  settlement  at  the 
site  of  Naples,  but  when  they  reached  that  pLice  they 
were  dissatisfied  with  the  lay  of  the  land,  and,  as  there 
was  considerable  noise  about  the  country  around  Fort 
Clark,  they  concluded  to  push  on  here.  They  divided 
their  forces  at  Naples,  a  part  of  them  coming  by  keel 
boat,  and  the  rest  of  them  on  horseback.  From  that 
time  to  the  present,  Mr.  Fulton  has  resided  in  the 
county,  and  nearly  all  the  time  in  sight  of  the  place 
where  they  pitched  their  tent  at  the  time  of  arrival. 
There  were  neither  roads,  steamboats,  mills,  stores, 
nor  any  other  conveniences  of  civilization.  St.  Louis 
was   the  nearest  market,   and   for   several  years   they 


were  subject  to  great  inconveniences  iacident  to  pioneer 
life.  Mr.  Fulton  has  been  a  part  and  parcel  of  the 
county,  and  is  highly  esteemed  for  good  qualities. 
On  the  15th  of  April,  1831.  he  united  in  marriage  with 
Augusta  P.  Hughes,  daughter  of  Abraham  and  Nancy 
Hughes,  /«■<•  Harris,  who  was  bom  in  Savannah, 
Georgia,  November  27,  1801.  Her  parents  came  to 
Illinois  and  settled  at  Mackinaw  in  1820,  so  that  she, 
loo,  is  entitled  to  rank  as  an  old  settler,  and  one  who 
has  experienced  all  the  hardships  of  life  in  a  new 
country.  In  early  times,  before  the  Indians  left,  her 
father's  house  was  often  filled  with  them,  and  she  oflea 
tells  her  young  acquaintances  of  their  habits  and  cus- 
toms, and  how  drunken  savages  often  slept  in  the 
house  where  she  lived.  She  became  so  accustomed  to 
them  that  she  had  no  fear  of  them.  They  have  had 
ten  children — Nancy  Jane,  was  born  June  15,  1832  ; 
married  William  Simms.  Rebecca  E.,  born  August  15. 
1833 ;  married  Edward  Mansfield.  Samuel,  bom  March 
27,  1835.  Elizabeth,  bom  June  13,  1836;  married 
Jacob  W.  Slough.  Joseph,  bora  October  28,  1837; 
married  Sarah  Henderson.  Mary  E.,  bom  May  6, 
1839;  married  John  McDermot.  George  W.,  bora 
June  8.  1841.  Albert;  born  October  8,  1S42.  Josiah, 
born  December  18,  1843.  Jacob,  bom  December  2, 
1S45.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Fulton  are  members  of  the  M.  E. 
Church.  He  is  Republican  in  politics.  Owns  160  acres 
of  land,  valued  at  $75  an  acre. 

GAUWITZ  ANTON,  farmer  and  fniit  grower. 
Sec.  22,  P.  O.  Peoria,  was  born  in  Germany,  February 
I,  iSlg,  and  is  the  son  of  Charles  and  Christina  (Beck- 
man)  Gauwitz,  natives  of  that  country.  He  was  raised 
at  home,  learned  the  trade  of  tanner,  and  married.  May 
6.  1S44.  Miss  Elizabeth  Nix,  who  was  born  in  Germany, 
July  5,  1819,  by  whom  he  has  had  nine  children,  five 
now  living — Peter,  Anton,  Katie,  Jacob,  and  Emma, 
lie  came  to  America  in  1S54,  landing  at  New  York  in 
May  of  that  year.  After  ten  weeks  in  New  Jersey,  he 
came  to  Peoria  county,  and  has  since  resided  in  it.  He 
lived  in  the  city  of  Peoria  for  eleven  years,  and  came 
to  his  present  location  in  1865,  where  he  owns  eighty- 
five  acres  land.  His  son,  Jacob,  who  lives  at  home, 
owns  sixty-five  acres  land  adjoining,  worth  f  50  an  acre 
clear  through.  They  grow  large  quantities  of  grapes, 
and  other  small  fruit  and  vegetables,  for  the  Peoria 
market;  have  two  acres  of  vineyard.  Mr.  Jacob  Gau- 
witz is  road  commissioner  and  school  director. 

(lAuwIti  Anion  .Ir.  fftrmer,  P.  <i.  P«orla. 
(iailwlli  Peter,  fanner.  P.  1».  Pwtrla. 

01  Lies   NATIl.VN,  farmer  and  supervisor  of 

lownship,  Sec.  33.  1'.  O.  Peoria. 
(ill.KS  TllO.n.VS,  farmer,  Sec.  $.  P.O.  Mou- 

villc. 

OtiM  Wm.  farmer.  P.  O.  Peoria. 
Uormaii  Jamcg,  P.O.  Poorla. 


RICIIVVOODS   DIRECTORY. 


833 


HALE  O.  A.  farmer  and  dairyman,  Sec.  32,  P. 
O.  Peoria,  was  born  in  Muskingum  county,  O.,  June  I, 
1S28,  and  is  the  son  of  John  and  Calista  Hale,  natives 
of  Germany,  who  came  to  America  about  1820.  He 
was  raised  in  the  village  of  Chandlersville  in  his  native 
county  until  sixteen  years  of  age,  when  he  removed  to 
Marietta  O.,  where  he  engaged  in  making  wheat  fans 
for  about  three  years,  then  went  to  Savannah,  Mo.,  for 
one  year,  to  Logansport,  Ind.,  for  one  year,  then  back 
to  Marietta  for  some  time  ;  worked  for  three  years  on 
the  Memphis,  Clarksville  and  Lewisville  R.  R.  In 
1S62,  he  came  to  the  land  he  now  occupies,  and  has 
since  resided  upon  it.  He  married  in  Marietta,  O., 
October  12,  1852,  Miss  Elizabeth  Moore,  a  native  of 
Ohio,  by  whom  he  has  five  children  :  Calista,  Annie, 
William,  Flaura  and  Nellie.  Mrs.  Hale  died  May  17, 
1872.  He  rents  and  occupies  520  acres  of  land,  half  of 
which  is  under  plough,  and  the  rest  pasture.  He  at 
present  milks  nineteen  cows  and  sells  their  milk  in 
Peoria. 
Hauncs  F.  M.,  P.  O.  Peoria. 

HESSLING  BERNARD,  farmer,  Sec.  20, 
P.  O.  Peoria. 

HIKES  JOHN,  Sr.  farmer,  Sec.  21,  P.  O. 
Peoria,  was  born  in  Frederick  county,  Va.,  October  ist, 
I7gg,  and  is  the  son  of  John  and  Polly  (Roderotk) 
Hines.  His  mother  was  a  native  of  Maryland,  and 
his  father  of  Virginia.  His  early  days  were  mostly 
spent  in  Hampshire  county  Va.;  he  grew  to  manhood 
there,  and  married  February  S,  1S20,  Ellen  Belford,  a 
native  of  his  own  State,  who  bore  him  ten  children, 
five  are  living:  William,  John,  Elizabeth,  Catherine, 
and  Lewis.  About  five  years  after  marriage  he  removed 
to  Muskingum  county,  O.,  and  after  a  residence  there 
of  about  ten  years,  came  to  Peoria  and  settled  in  Rich- 
woods  township  in  the  Fall  of  1S35,  and  has  resided 
there  ever  since.  His  wife  died  there  October  15, 
1874.  Mr.  Hines,  owing  to  the  feebleness  consequent 
upon  his  great  age,  has  for  some  time  retired  from 
active  life,  and  has,  while  in  the  possession  of  all  his 
faculties,  settled  all  his  financial  affairs. 

HINES  JOHN,  Jr.  farmer.  Sec.  28,  P.  O. 
Peoria,  was  born  in  Coshocton  county,  O.,  January  6, 
1S26,  and  is  the  son  of  John  and  Ellen  Hines,  nee  Bel- 
ford,  of  Virginia.  When  nearly  ten  years  old  he  came 
with  his  parents  to  Peoria,  settled  in  Richwoods  town- 
ship, and  has  ever  since  lived  there.  He  married  April 
27,  l84g,  Miss  Rebecca  Frye,  a  native  of  Pennsylvania, 
by  whom  he  had  two  children,  both  now  deceased. 
His  wife  died  in  August  1S56,  and  he  married  June  10, 
1857,  Miss  Laura  Carrington,  daughter  of  William 
Carrington  of  Richwoods  township,  and  who  was  born 
in  Butler  county,  O.,  March  26,  1838.  The  fruit  of 
this  union  are  nine  children,  all  living;  Lewis  M., 
John  B.,  Mary  Eliza,  Charles,  Walter  Sherman,  Gilbert 


B.,  Laura  Amanda,  Everett,  and  Winfred.  He  owns 
eighty  acres  in  the  home  farm,  and  seven  acres  in  sec- 
tion 21,  all  under  cultivation,  and  worth  $75  an  acre. 
Mr.  Hines  has  filled  the  offices  of  road  commissioner 
and  school  director. 

HINES  LOUIS  H.  farmer.  Sec.  28,  P.  O. 
Peoria. 

HINES  LEWIS,  farmer.  Sec.  21.  P.  O.  Peoria, 
was  born  in  Richwoods  township,  July  26,  1S39,  and 
is  the  son  of  John  and  Ellen  (ISelford)  Hines,  natives 
of  Hampshire  county,  Va.,  who  settled  in  Peoria 
county  in  1835.  He  was  born  and  raised  on  the  sec- 
tion where  he  now  resides.  He  enlisted  July  5,  186 1, 
in  Company  D.,  1st  I.  C.  V.,  Captain  J.  B.  Smith,  with 
which  he  served  nearly  three  years,  and  on  discharge, 
re-enlisted  as  a  veteran  in  14th  I.  V.  I.  and  served  with 
it  till  the  close  of  the  war.  While  in  the  cavalry  arm 
of  the  service,  he  served  principally  in  Missouri,  and 
was  taken  prisoner  at  Lexington.  While  in  the  Infan- 
try he  belonged  to  the  17th  Army  Corps  under  Gene- 
ral Sherman  ;  was  present  at  Johnson's  surrender,  and 
was  mustered  out  as  corporal  at  Fort  Leavenworth, 
Kas.,  in  October,  1865.  He  married  March  16,  1876, 
Miss  Catherine  C.  Winer,  a  native  of  Pennsylvania. 
He  owns  forty  acres  of  fine  fanning  land  on  the  home- 
stead.    Is  Republican  in  politics. 

Hines  Henrietta  Mrs.  farmer.  P.  O.  Peoria, 
Hofer  Otto,  gardener.  P.  O.  Peoria. 
Hogan  Nicholas,  farmer,  P.  O.  Peoria. 

HTUDSON  CHARLES  R.  farmer,  Sec.  28,  P. 
O.  Peoria.  Was  born  in  Peoria,  November,  1S56,  and 
is  the  son  of  John  A.  and  Georgina  (Dupre)  Hud.son. 
His  father  was  a  native  of  England,  and  his  mother  of 
Illinois.  He  was  raised  and  attended  school  in  Peoria, 
and  married  in  Pekin,  111.,  Sept.  i,  1876,  Miss  Mary 
A.Whitby,  a  native  of  Richwoods  township,  and  daugh- 
ter of  John  and  Anna  Whitby,  nee  Hurst,  native  of 
England,  who  was  born  August  3,  1S58,  and  is  the 
mother  of  two  children  —  Anna,  born  July  5,  1877,  and 
Lizzie,  born  October  18,  1S78.  Mr.  Hudson's  parents 
are  both  residents  of  the  township,  but  his  wife's  pa- 
rents are  both  deceased.  He  owns  forty  acres  fine 
farming  land,  almost  all  under  cultivation,  and  worth 
about  $2,500.  Mr.  Hudson  is  a  Swedenborgian,  and 
his  wife  an  adherent  of  the  Presbyterian  Church. 

JACKSON  HIKAM,  farmer  and  general 
trader.  Sec.  Ig,  P.  O.  Peoria.  Was  born  in  Saratoga 
county,  N.  Y.,  Feb.  24,  1824,  and  is  the  son  of  Ches- 
ter and  Phoebe  Jackson,  nee  Smith,  natives  of  that 
county.  He  was  raised  and  educated  in  his  native 
county,  and  also  learned  the  trade  of  cooper.  In  the 
Fall  of  1846  he  sailed  from  New  York  to  New  Or- 
leans, in  the  same  vessel  which  carried  Gen.  Winfield 
Scott  and  staff  to  the  Mexican  war.  After  two  months 
in  the  latter  city  he  came  up  the  river  to  Alton,  and 
walked     from     thence    to    Peoti?     in      the     Spring 


834 


HISTORY   OF   PKOKIA   COUNTY. 


of  1847.  After  making  a  few  trips  on  a  steamboat 
between  there  and  St.  Louis,  he  went  to  Timber  town- 
ship and  made  5,000  rails  on  a  contract.  In  the  Fall 
of  1S47  he  started  on  his  own  account  as  a  cooper  in 
Peoria,  and  after  a  few  years  he  bought  out  the  Kicka. 
poo  mills,  at  what  is  now  Pottstown,  in  Kickapoo 
township,  which  he  ran  for  three  years,  in  connection 
with  a  coal  bank,  and  then  selling  out,  returned  to 
Peoria  and  resumed  coopering.  Previous  to  this  he 
had  (in  1855)  purchased  a  farm,  and  kept  stock  upon 
it.  He  purchased  part  of  his  present  home  farm  in 
1865,  and  the  rest  in  1S74.  He  owns  220  acres  of 
land,  seventy-five  acres  under  plow  and  the  rest  un- 
der pasture ;  also  owns  eighty  acres  in  section  30. 
The  grocery  store  at  Jackson's  Corners,  in  section  33, 
is  aUo  owned  by  him,  and  he  has  been  interested  in 
that  line  for  twenty-five  years;  the  store  is  at  present 
conducted  by  his  son-in-law,  Julius  Mobelow.  He 
married  in  Rock  Island,  Miss  Mary  .Smith,  a  native  of 
Alleghany  county.  Pa.,  who  has  borne  him  six  children, 
five  now  alive —  Kllen.  Mary  and  Martha  (twins)  Phoe- 
be and  Ada.  Mr.  Jackson  has  held  the  offices  of  poor- 
master  and  constable  in  the  township ;  devotes  his 
time  to  the  breeding  and  raising  of  stock.  He  and  his 
family  are  Spiritualists. 

Jessup  .lohn.  fanner.  P.  O.  Peoria. 

JOHNSON  ASBUKY  F.  farmer,  Sec.  17,  P. 
O.  Peoria. 
JOHNSTON  C.  K.  farmer,  Strc.  5,  P.  O.  Alta. 

JOHNSTON  JOHN  M.  farmer,  P.  O.  Hark- 
er's  Corners,  Trivoli  township. 
JOHNSTON  K.    F.  farmer.  Sec.  6,  P.  O.  Alta. 

JUDD  JACOB  C.  farmer,  Sec.  9.  P.O.  Peoria. 
Was  l)orn  in  Dearborn  county,  Ind.,  June  II,  1834,  and 
is  the  son  of  Roswell  and  Elizabeth  (Liddle)  Judd. 
His  father  was  a  native  of  Connecticut,  and  his  mother 
of  England.  He  was  raised  at  home  till  seventeen 
years  of  age,  when  he  came  to  Illinois,  and  has  resided 
within  its  bounds  most  of  the  time  sinte.  He  came  to 
Peoria  county  in  A|)ril.  1S55  ;  married  at  Farmington, 
Fulton  county,  III.,  Nov.  25,  1861,  Miss  Mary  Eliza- 
beth I.eggett,  who  was  born  in  New  Vork  city  in  April, 
1843.  They  are  the  parents  of  two  children,  one  — 
William  Glaze,  born  Oct.  20,  1 864  —  now  alive.  In 
1869  he  came  to  his  present  location,  where  he  owns 
160  acres  of  land,  twenty  acres  under  cultivation,  and 
worth  with  improvements  about  $5,000.  Mr.  Judd  is 
a  man  of  originality,  and  an  independent  thinker  on 
most  subjects.  His  father  is  still  a  resident  of  Pcar- 
bom  county,  Ind. 

KFLLAK    .lOHN,    farmer.    Sec.    16.    V.    O. 

Peoria. 

Kcllor  Cathrrlns,  farmrr.  H.  <i.  Prorl*. 
Keller  Janim,  rarmcr.  P.  (>.  Peoria. 

KKIiSCH    MICHAFL,   brick    manufacturer. 


Sec.  33,  P.  O.  Peoria,  was  bom  in  Decatar  county, 
Indiana,  May  8,  1S47,  ^i"!  >s  the  son  of  Nicholas  and 
Helena  (Bumbeck)  Kelsch.  His  father  came  to  Peoria 
county  about  1839,  and  was  married  there  in  1842. 
They  resided  there  about  three  years,  and  then  removed 
to  the  county  in  which  Michael  was  bom.  His  mother 
died  there,  and  he  removed  with  his  father  and  the 
rest  of  his  family,  to  Jubilee  township,  where  they 
bought  a  farm.  In  his  eighteclh  year  he  began  to  learn 
the  trade  of  brick  maker,  and  has  worked  at  it  ever 
since.  Seven  years  after  commencing,  he  started  the 
business  for  himself.  He  married,  P'ebruar)'  23,  1870, 
Miss  Ann  Lawless,  a  native  of  Roscfield  township, 
by  whom  he  has  had  four  childrsn,  two  now  alive : 
Thomas,  bora  March  3,  1872,  and  Joseph,  bora  Feb- 
ruary 14,  1879.  Mr.  Kelsch  owns  20  acres  o(  land  in 
Medina  township,  worth  about  $15  per  acre,  and  a 
house  and  lot  on  Flora  avenue.  Himself  and  wife  are 
members  of  the  Catholic  Church.  His  father  is  still 
living,  and  resides  upon  the  old  homestead  in  Jubilee 
township. 

Keys  Mrs.  P.  O.  Prorla. 

Ktiniiiel  c.  H..  farmer,  P.  O.  Peoria. 

Klminel  J.  K..  <lrntlst.  P.O.  Peoria. 

KurhKe.i.<4iier  Fr.-iijk.  ilalryman.  P.  O.  Peoria. 

Kratz  .  harles.  J*.  *>.  Peoria. 

Krelllni;  J.,  faruer,  P.  u.  Peoria. 

LISK  ALEX.ANDEK,  farmer  and  gardener. 
Sec.  33.  P.  O.  Peoria,  was  bom  in  Broome  county.  N. 
v..  September  22,  1S15,  and  is  the  son  of  Benjamin  and 
Esther  Lisk,  nff  Stillwater,  natives  of  New  Vork  State, 
lie  remained  at  home  until  twenty  years  old,  when  he 
came  to  Peoria  county,  and  has  ever  since  resided 
within  it.  During  the  first  Winter  he  worked  in  a  liv- 
ery st-ible,  and  in  the  Spring  went  to  Tazewell  county, 
where  he  fenced  in  and  made  a  farm  for  John  Caldwell, 
which  he  afterwards  rented  and  farmed  for  two  years. 
Then  returned  to  Peoria  and  farmed  for  one  year  on 
the  outskirts  of  the  city,  later  working  around  at  saw 
mills,  etc.,  until  1851,  when  he  bought  his  present  farm, 
and  has  since  resided  upon  it.  He  owns  15  acres  of 
land,  which  he  grows  principally  to  small  fruits,  and 
vegetables,  lie  married,  November  19,  1862,  in  Peoria, 
Miss  Sarah  Kenyon,  a  native  of  Kcnscllaer  county,  N. 
v.,  who  was  born  there  July  18,  1822, 

LIsk  T.  J.,  fanner.  P.  <».  Peoria. 
hong  .loseptt,  fanner.  1".  i>.  Peoria. 
L.orent/  .Ml-.  K..  farmer,  p.  i».  Peoria. 
l.uilwlK.I.  ]!..  farmer.  P.  l>.  Pe<irla. 
I.vde.ker   K.  S .  •peoulalor.  P.  o.  Peoria. 
.%feliito(ih  .Inine<i.  RArtlener,  P.  O.  I'oorla. 

McKINNFY  JOHN  E.  brickmaker.  Sec.  33. 
P.  O.  Peoria,  was  born  in  Alleghany  county.  Pa.,  in 
Jene,  1 826,  and  is  the  son  of  David  and  Abigail 
(Ensley)  McKinney.  His  father  was  a  native  of  Ire- 
land, and  his  mother  of  Pennsylvania.  He  was  raised 
at  hiime  until  fifteen  years  of  age,  when  he  came  to 
Peoria,  and  has  since  resided  there.  In  1S44.  he  went 
to  work  in  a  brick  yard,  and  he  has  been  in  that  busi- 
ness for  himtelf  for  over  twenty  years.     He    married 


RICHWOODS   DIRECTORY. 


836 


April  8,  1847,  in  I,ogan  township.  Miss  Eliza  Stratton, 

a   native   of  the  city  of  New  York,  liorn  January   13, 

1827,  by  whom    he   has   five  children  :  I.uther,  Julia, 

Sarah  Jane,  William  and   Lily    Maud.     He  settled  on 

his  present   location   in  1859  ;  ovras   20  acres  of  land, 

partly   used    for   manufacturing    purposes,   and    upon 

which  also  stand   his  residence  and  barns.     He  owns 

also   two   houses   and    lots,   corner  Perry   and  Lavillc 

streets,  in  Hall's  addition  to  Peoria. 

McKINNEY    li.    B.    farmer.   Sec.   28,   P.  O. 

Peoria. 

Michael  Josepli,  farmer,  P.  O.  Peoria. 
Monog.in  Thomas,  farmer,  P.O.  Peoria. 
Moore  W.  P.  farmer,  P.O.  Peoria. 

IVrUNK  FREDERICK,  farmer.  Sec.  22,  P.  O. 
Peoria,  was  born  in  Germany,  May  4,  1S37,  and  is  the 
son  of  George  Frederick  and  Doedreda  (Schwindratz- 
heim)  Munk,  He  came  to  America  with  his  parents 
in  1B54,  and  settled  in  Peoria  county.  His  father  died 
March  27,  1877,  and  his  mother  still  resides  on  the  old 
homestead.  He  married  in  1S62,  Rebecca  Stringer,  a 
native  of  Peoria  county,  born  Feb.  27,  1838,  and  they 
are  the  parents  of  eleven  children,  eight  now  living  — 
George  E.,  Sarah,  Mary,  Moses  F.,  Doedreda,  William 
M.,  Cora  and  Margaret.  Those  dead  are  Louisa,  Regi- 
na,  and  one  unnamed.  He  enlisted  in  Nov.,  1S64,  in 
Co.  E.  48th  L  V.  L,  and  served  for  six  months ;  took 
part  in  the  battle  of  Nashville,  Tenn.,  and  several  other 
encounters.  He  was  discharged  May  15,  1S65,  and 
returned  to  his  family.  He  owns  fifty-four  acres  of 
land  under  fair  cultivation,  worth  $75  an  acre. 

Munk  G.  F.  miller,  P.O.  Peoria. 
Munk  Jacob  F.  farmer,  P.O.  Peoria. 

MUNK  WILLIAM,  miller.  Sec.  22.  P.  O. 
Peoria,  was  born  in  Germany,  Nov.,  1S44,  and  came  to 
America  with  his  parents,  locating  in  Peoria  in  1854. 
His  father  died  in  March,  1877,  but  his  mother  is  still 
alive.  He  carries  on  the  business  of  miller,  doing 
mostly  custom  work,  and  owns  two  acres  of  land,  upon 
which  his  mill  is  situated. 

NELSON  ANDREW,  farmer.  Sec.  20,  P.  O. 
Peoria,  was  born  in  Franklin  county,  Mass.,  September 
6,  1832,  and  is  the  son  of  Osmund  L.  and  Sarah  Nel- 
son, nee  Houston,  natives  of  that  State,  When  six 
years  old  he  came  to  Peoria  county  with  his  parents, 
settling  in  Hallock  township,  and  there  he  grew  up  to 
manhood  upon  the  home  farm.  In  1858  he  crossed  the 
plains  to  California,  mined  there  for  three  months  with 
poor  success,  and  then  learned  something  of  the  trade 
of  blacksmith,  soon  afterwards  starting  a  shop  of  his 
own,  which  he  ran  for  three  years,  and  then  returned  to 
his  home  in  Hallock  township.  He  remained  there 
about  a  year,  and  enlisted  Feb.  28,  1864,  in  Co.  li.  7th 
Reg.  I.  V.  I.,  Capt.  Cosgrove;  joined  his  regiment  at 
Raleigh,  N.  C,  and  served  with  it  until  the  close  of  the 
war  ;  was  mustered  out  at  Louisville,  Ky.,  July  g,  1865. 


He  then  returned  home  and  resided  there  until  March, 
1S6S,  when  he  came  to  Richwoods  and  settled  upon  the 
farm  he  has  since  continued  to  occupy.  He  married 
.\pril  ig,  1866,  Miss  Josephine  A.  Keller,  who  was 
born  in  Richwoods  township,  Feb.  28,  1843,  by  whom 
he  has  six  children  —  Osmund  K.,  Sarah  Bell,  Andrew, 
William,  Alva  and  Mabel.  He  owns  160  acres  of  land, 
.ill  under  cultivation,  and  worth  about  $40  an  acre; 
lias  been  township  collector  for  four  years.  Mrs.  Nel- 
son is  a  member  of  the  Second  Presbyterian  Church. 

Olds  Justice  Mrs.  P.O.  Peoria. 
Partridge  A.,  P.  O.  Peoria. 
Paulie  Charles,  gardener.  P.O.  Peoria. 
Pearson  O.  F.  gnrdener.  P.O.  Peoria. 
Pcarce  Hiram  H.  farmer.  P.O.  Peoria. 

PERKINS  B.  H.  farmer  and  justice  of  the 
peace.  Sec.  9,  P.  O.  Peoria,  was  born  in  Danbury,  Fair- 
field county.  Conn.,  Jan.  12,  1832.  and  is  the  son  of 
Sands  and  Abbie  Perkins,  nee  Helm,  natives  of  Rhode 
Island.  His  mother  died  in  his  early  infancy,  and  he 
received  the  advantages  of  the  common  schools  in  his 
native  town  until  the  age  of  sixteen,  when  he  came  with 
liis  father  to  Illinois,  settling  in  Princeville  township, 
Peoria  county,  July  4,  1848.  Previous  to  coming,  his 
father  had  purchased  a  farm  on  Sec.  4.  and  there  they 
resided  for  three  years,  thence  removing  to  Richw3ods 
township,  and  settling  on  Sec.  g,  on  the  land  Mr.  Per- 
kins now  occupies.  He  has  resided  there  ever  since. 
He  married  in  April,  1862,  Miss  Eliza  Overend,  a  na- 
tive of  Ohio,  by  whom  he  has  six  children,  all  living  — 
.^bbie  Helm,  Annie  May,  Jennie,  Susan  Mary  and 
George  Sands.  He  owns  260  acres  of  land,  eighty  of 
uhich  are  under  pasture,  and  the  rest  cultivated,  worth 
about  $35  an  acre  clear  through.  His  father  died  on 
the  old  homestead  Jan.,  i860.  Mr.  Perkins  has  filled 
the  office  of  justice  of  the  peace  for  nine  years,  and  his 
decisions  give  general  satisfaction. 

PIERCE  HIRAM  H.  contractor  and  builder. 
Sec.  28,  P.  O.  Peoria,  was  born  in  Middleton,  Dau- 
phine  county,  Pa.,  September  22,  1S26.  In  1847,  went 
to  New  York  City,  and  married  in  1855  Miss  Harriet 
I.ockwood,  who  died  in  September,  1872,  leaving  two 
sons  and  four  daughters.  Immediately  after  his  mar- 
riage he  came  to  this  county  and  began  for  himself, 
working  at  his  trade,  bricklaying,  and  being  possessed 
of  extraordinary  financial  ability,  has  risen  to  a  high 
rank  as  a  contractor  and  builder.  Has  in  partner-hip 
with  him  Mr.  Miller.  They  recently  completed  the 
contract  of  mason  work  on  the  Monarch  distillery, 
located  at  Peoria.  In  1876,  he  married  his  present 
wife,  Mrs.  Exie  A.  Plank,  a  native  of  Woodford  county, 
Ills.,  born  September  II,  1839.  In  1867,  removed  to 
his  beautiful  suburban  retreat  in  Richwoods  township, 
where  he  now  resides,  surrounded  by  his  family  and 
all  the  comforts  necessary  to  make  life  worth  the  living. 
Is  Democratic  in  politics. 


836 


HISTORY   OF   1*P:oKIA   COUNTY. 


Pupletl  Wylfy.  tirmrt,  P.O.  I'Mrla. 

roiilctl  Alfvn.  fariiLT.  I'.O.  I'FuriL 

Ki-11  ('li»rlf  K,  faniirr  aiiil  (^trilrnrr,  P.O.  PVOTlA. 


ScliDplilry  <•.  C.  rarilKT.  P.O.  IVorl*. 
.Hchiieblry  K   M.  tarim-r.  P.O.  P.-..rl». 
Srhnobii-y  J.  C.  faniiiT.  P.O.  P.-orl*. 
Schultnc  l^'oiiard.  f^ardciier,  P.  O.  Peorlm. 
Slpp  AdBm.  farmer.  P.O.  Peoria. 

SLOUGH  JACOB,  f.irmcr.  Sec.  33.  P.  O. 
Peoria,  was  bom  in  Lancaster  county,  Pa.,  May  31, 
I793-  3'"1  ><  the  son  of  Jacob  and  Catherine  (Genthu- 
mer)  Slough,  natives  of  the  same  county.  He  was 
brought  up  there,  learned  the  trade  of  barber  and  hair 
dresser,  and,  when  about  twenty  years  old,  went  to 
Harrisburg,  Pa.,  and  married  there  July  28.  1S16,  Ann 
Kliza  Seipp,  a  native  of  Germany,  who  came  with  her 
parents  to  America  when  five  years  old.  After  mar- 
riage,  he  started  business  for  himself  as  barber,  and 
his  wife  kept  a  millinery  store.  In  1834,  he  left  there, 
and  came  to  Peoria  county  in  October  of  that  year. 
He  opened  the  Union  Hotel  on  Water  street,  and  ran 
it  for  some  years.  About  1845,  ^^  moved  with  his 
family  to  Richwoods  township,  and  opened  the  farm 
he  now  occupies  and  has  ever  since  resided  upon. 
Their  conjugal  union  resulted  in  eleven  children,  seven 
now  living :  Mary  Rebecca,  Caroline  Elizabeth, 
Maria  Louisa,  Catherine  Lavina,  Jacob  W.,  Henry  C. 
and  "George  Washington.  He  owns  sixty  acres  of  land, 
almost  all  improved,  and  part  of  which,  from  its  prox- 
imity to  the  city,  is  worth  $200  an  acre.  Mrs.  Slough 
died  August  4,  1878.  Mr.  Slough  is  a  member  of  the 
German  Reformed  Church. 
Smith  Jolin  R.  retired  merchant.  ]'.  O.  Peoria. 

SORXBEKGEK  GEORGE,  farmer.  Sec. 
30.  P.  O.  Peoria,  was  born  in  Butler  county,  O.,  Dec. 
19,  1845,  and  is  the  son  of  John  and  Margaret  Sornbcr- 
ger,  mf  Sipp.  natives  of  Germany.  His  father  came  to 
America  about  1834.  When  four  years  of  age,  he  re- 
moved with  his  parents  to  Illinois,  settling  on  the  land 
he  now  cultivates,  and  has  resided  there  ever  since, 
except  during  the  time  he  was  in  the  army.  He  en- 
listed November  2,  1862,  in  Company  A,  14th  I.  V.  C., 
Captain  Carr,  and  served  until  August,  1865,  when  he 
W.-IS  mustered  out  at  Pulaski,  Tenn,  He  was  with 
Sherman  on  his  march  to  the  sea  ;  at  Knoxville,  at  the 
last  fight  at  Nashville,  and  many  other  encounters. 
He  married,  March  16,  1S69,  Miss  Elizabeth  Ililder- 
brandt,  a  native  of  Germany,  who  was  born  January  7, 
1847,  by  whom  he  has  had  five  children,  three  now 
living :  Lucy,  Mary,  Catherine  (deceased),  Emma 
(deceased),  and  Annie.  He  owns  seventy-five  acres 
fine  farming  land,  most  of  which  is  under  cultivation, 
and  worth  f  50  an  acre. 
Hpanler  Caliper,  farmer.  P.O.  Pinirla. 

STAFFORD  WILLIAM,  farmer,   and   gar- 
dener. Sec.  15,  P.  O.  Peoria. 

ntanley  .tohn,  farmer.  P.O.  Prorla. 
HIrele  Oodtrey,  farmer  P.O.  Peoria. 
Stringer  Wm..  farmer,  1*.  O.  Peoria. 


SUTLIFP  ANGELO  A.  farmer.  Sec  32. 
P.  O.  Peoria,  was  born  in  Otsego  county,  N.  V  ,  May  2, 
1822,  and  is  the  son  of  Henry  and  Iletsy  (Mulfortl) 
SutlifT,  natives  of  that  State.  He  resided  at  home  till 
twenty-six  years  of  age.  when  he  came  alone  to  Illi- 
nois, and  settled  in  McHenry  county,  and  farmed  for 
four  years.  He  then  went  to  the  South,  and  resided  in 
various  parts  of  it,  returning  to  the  North  on  the  break- 
ing out  of  the  war.  In  1864  he  enlisted  in  the  51st  I. 
V.  I.,  Co.  "G."  and  served  about  one  year,  being  mus- 
tered out  in  Texas  at  the  close  of  the  war.  He  mar- 
ried, in  Wisconsin,  Nov.  16,  1855,  Miranda  Thompson  . 
a  native  of  New  York,  who  has  bonie  him  four  chil- 
dren, three  now  living  :  Ida,  Allie,  and  Leota.  His 
wife  died  in  1862.  Mr.  Sutliff  rents  85  acres  of  land, 
and    raises    upon    it    considerable    fruit — piincipally 

apples. 

.Swarti  Mcholas,  farmer.  P.  O.  Peoria. 
Sweat  Kllza.  farmar,  P.  O.  Peoria. 

TINKER  DANIEL  31.  retired,  P.  O.  Peoria, 

was  born  in  North  Adams,  Mass.,  Feb.  25,  1810,  and 
is  the  son  of  Giles  Tinker,  a  native  of  that  State.  He 
is  one  of  a  family  of  thirteen  children,  five  of  whom 
are  now  living.  When  twenty-two  years  of  age,  he 
went  to  Honeyc  Falls,  N.  Y.,  in  the  foundry  business, 
and  the  following  year  embarked  in  the  stove  business, 
shipping  principally  to  Rochester.  In  this  he  con- 
tinued eight  years,  and  then  removed  into  Rochester 
for  one  year,  and  thence  to  Kingsville,  O.,  where  he 
started  a  foundry  on  his  own  account ;  resided  there 
two  years,  and  then  removed  to  Kent,  O.,  where  for 
the  next  six  years  he  continued  in  the  same  business. 
In  1S56  he  c.ime  to  Peoria,  and  after  two  years  in  a 
foundry,  started  a  restaurant  and  conducted  it  for  three 
years,  buying  at  the  end  of  that  period  his  present  loca- 
tion  on  the  borders  of  Richwoods  township,  about  two 
miles  from  the  court  house.  He  married,  Aug.,  1829, 
Miss  Ann  Darling,  who  was  bom  in  Berkshire  county, 
Mass.,  Nov.  II,  1810,  by  whom  he  had  six  children, 
three  of  whom  are  now  living  :  Susan,  now  Mrs.  Isaac 
Cady,  of  Stafford,  Conn. ;  Lida,  now  Mrs.  O,  P.  Nor- 
ton,  and  Louise,  now  Mrs.  John  Waugh.  Mr.  Tinker 
engages  very  extensively  in  the  raising  of  fruit. 
Thrunh  Mary  K..  P.  O.  I'wirla. 

TRENT  W.  M.  farmer.  Sec.  19,  P.  O.  Peoria. 

Veerinnri  !>.,  «ardrner,  I'.  O.  Pe<irta. 
W.iK<»»er  II,,  faruier.  P.  O.  I'eurla. 

"NVERCKLE  HENRY  (deceased),  residence 
of  his  widow,  Mrs.  Caroline  Werckle,  Sec.  29,  P.  O. 
Peoria,  was  born  in  ALsace,  France,  July  5,  1823,  and 
is  the  son  of  Philip  and  Catherine  Werckle,  ««  Beber, 
natives  of  Alsace.  He  giew  up  to  manhood  in  his 
native  country,  and  married  there,  April  S,  iSjo, 
Caroline  Brua,  a  countrywoman  of  his  own,  and  in 
1853,  came  to  America,  landing  at  New  York,  June 
X4th  of  that   year.     He   came   straight    to   Richwoods 


J 


ROSEPIELD  DIRECTORY. 


837 


township,   Peoria  county,   and  three  years  afterwards 

settled  on   the  land  now  occupied  by  his   widow  and 

fimily.     Nine  children  were  born  to  them,  six  of  whom 

are  now  living :  William,  Henry,  Caroline,  August  C, 

Sarah  A.,  and  Krederick  W.     Mr.  Werckle  died  March 

4,  :86S.     His  widow  owns  23i  acres  of  land,  and  rents 

for  the  purpose  of  cultivation   more  or  less  land  every 

year.     He  was  a  member  of  the  Lutheran  Church,  and 

the  surviving  members  of  his  family  are  also  connected 

with  that  church. 

Werkley  Caroline,  farmer.  P.  O.  Peoria. 

West  .1.  A..  Clerk  Circuit  Court.  P.  O.  Peoria. 

"White  Samuel  H.,  prof.  Normal  School,  P.  O.  Peoria. 

Winker  F..  farmer,  P.  O.  Peoria. 

Wood  C.  C.  farmer,  P.  O.  Peoria, 

Wolff  Thornton,  farmer,  P.  O.  Peoria. 

WOMBACHER  FERDINAND,  saloon 
and  summer  garden  proprietor,  and  brickmaker,  cor- 
ner Pacific  and  President  streets,  P.  O.  Peoria.  Was 
born  in  Woodford  county,  111.,  November  28,  1851, 
and  is  the  son  of  John  and  Matilda  Wombacher.  His 
mother  is  dead  but  his  father  is  living.  He  married  in 
May,  1S75,  Louisa  Wurst,  who  was  born  in  Peoria 
county,  in  1851,  by  whom  he  has  had  three  children, 
two  now  alive  —  Joseph  and  John.  He  owns  property 
to  the  value  of  $1,400,  and  carries  on  a  brick  making 
and  dairy  business  in  connection  with  his  saloon  and 
garden.  Himself  and  wife  are  members  of  the  Catho- 
lic Church. 
Wood  John  A.  F.  farmer,  P.  O.  Peoria. 

WOOD  C.  C.  farmer.  Sec.  27,  P.  O.  Peoria,  was 
bom  in  Oswego  county,  N.  Y.,  February  i,  1S15,  and 
is  the  son  of  John  and  Sarah  Wood,  nee  Wait,  natives 
of  Vermont.  He  was  reared  on  a  farm  in  his  native 
county  till  about  twenty-two  years  of  age,  and  in  1S36 
came  to  Peoria.  He  resided  there  some  eight  or  nine 
years,  dealing  in  land,  conducting  a  livery  and  teaming 


business,  etc.  In  1839  he  made  a  trip  of  over  six 
months  to  Santa  Fe,  N.  M.  From  1842  to  1846  he 
filled  the  oflicc  of  deputy  sheriff  of  Peoria  county,  and 
married  February  I,  1843,  Miss  Galetsa  F.  Ca.se,  a 
native  of  his  own  county,  born  in  July,  1S23,  by  whom 
he  has  had  eight  children,  seven  now  living — John, 
Eugene,  Jennette,  Hina,  Galetsa,  Chauncey  and  Charles. 
A  year  or  two  after  marriage  he  moved  out  of  town  to 
his  present  location,  and  has  since  resided  there.  He 
owns  120  acres  in  home  farm,  worth  $100  an  acre  ;  120 
acres  in  section  6  ;  fifty  in  section  16  ;  eighty  in  section 
28,  and  eighty  in  section  32,  worth  all  the  way  from 
$50  to  f300  per  acre.  Mr.  Wood  has  been  several 
times  supervisor,  and  assessor  of  the  township. 

WOOKEY  BENJAMIN,  brick  manufact- 
urer. Sec.  33,  box  244,  P.  O.  Peoria,  was  born  in  Som- 
ersetshire, England,  March  i,  1834,  and  is  the  son  of 
William  and  Ann  Wookey,  natives  of  that  Shire.  He 
was  raised  partly  in  his  native  Shire  and  partly  in  that 
of  Monmouth,  and  came  alone  to  America  in  1855, 
landing  at  New  York,  September  18,  of  that  year.  He 
came  straight  to  Peoria  county,  and  has  resided  in 
Richwoods  township  ever  since.  He  married  in  i860, 
and  while  on  a  visit  home.  Miss  Mary  Ann  Lane,  a 
native  of  his  own  place,  by  whom  he  has  three  children 
—  William  Thomas,  Ella  Louisa,  and  Benjamin  Lane. 
Mr.  Wookey  has  manufactured  brick  for  fifteen  years. 
Owns  a  fine  two  story  brick  house  on  a  lot  of  five  and 
one-fourth  acres,  which  is  partly  occupied  by  his  brick 
yard.  He  has  been  a  school  director  for  many  years. 
Wookey  George,  gardener,  P.  O.  Peoria. 

WRIGHT   GEORGE   R.  farmer.  Sec.  3.  P. 

O.  Peoria. 

Wykle  Jacob,  farmer  aod  dairyman.  P.  O.  Peoria. 
Yates  John  C.  judge  Probate  Court.  P.  O.  Peoria. 


ROSEFIELD    TOWNSHIP. 


Blneman  S.  farmer,  P.  O.  Kickapoo. 
Blst  F.  farmer.  P.  O.  Kickapoo. 
Black  G.  farmer,  P.  O.  Kickapoo. 
Bohanan  M.  S.  farmer.  1*.  o.  TrivoU. 
Bower  Dr.  farmer,  P.  O.  Rosefield. 
Brennan  M.  farmer.  P.  O.  Kosefield. 
Brlmly  B.  laborer,  P.  O.  Kosefleld. 

BROWN  SOLON,  farmer.  Sec.  I2,  P.  O.  Kick- 
apoo, son  of  Benjamin  H.  and  Fannie  (Jewitt)  Prown, 
natives  of  New  Hampshire;  immigrated  to  Peoria  Co. 
in  1844,  where  his  mother  died  the  following  year; 
father  still  living,  at  the  age  of  seventy-four.  Solon 
was  born  in  New  Hampshire,  Sept.  8,  1839,  and  came 
with  his  parents  to  this  county,  where  he  received  such 
an  education  as  the  public  schools  afforded.  He  mar- 
ried Miss  Almira  Hanlon,  the  daughter  of  John  Ilan- 
lon,  born  in  Peoria  county,  Dec.  22,  1842.    The  fruit 


of  this  marriage  is  three  children,  two  living  —  Hattie 
and  Fannie.  Mr.  B.  has  140  acres  of  land,  well  sup- 
plied with  fruit,  valued  at  $7,000. 

Buckley  A.  farmer,  P.  O.  E<lwards  Station. 
Buttlngton  s.  farmer,  P.  O.  Edwards  Station, 

CLAYTON  ISAAC,  blacksmith  and  wagon- 
maker,  P.  O.  Rosefield,  son  of  William  and  Sarah 
(Critton)  Clayton,  natives  of  Virginia  ;  father  born  1781, 
died  1847;  mother  came  to  Illinois  in  1835  and  died 
the  following  year.  Isaac  was  born  in  Perry  county, 
Ohio,  July  20,  iSig.  where  he  was  reared  and  educated, 
and  in  1835  came  to  Peoria  county,  Til.,  and  followed 
farming  for  three  years.  In  1S38  married  Miss  Eliza 
Day,  who   was  born   in   Hampshire  county,  Va,,  Dec. 


888 


IIISTOHY   OF   PEORIA  COUNTY. 


27,  lSi6.  The  fruit  of  this  marriage  wai  eight  chil- 
dren, six  living,  viz  :  Sarah  Ann.  now  Mrs.  William 
Arnold;  William,  Elcnor.  now  Mrs.  J.  E.  Endes; 
John,  Margaret,  Jane,  now  Mrs.  Sylvester  Lines,  and 
Dora.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  C.  are  members  of  the  M.  E. 
Church.  He  has  held  several  local  offices.  The  fam- 
ily spent  the  first  Winter  in  a  log  cabin.  l6xl8,  all  in 
one  room,  where  they  wintered  very  comfortably.  In 
the  Spring  of  1836  moved  into  section  4  and  com- 
menced farming.  He  has  worked  many  a  day  for  37 |j 
cents,  and  taken  corn  and  wheat  for  his  pay,  and  sold 
corn  for  10  cts.  and  wheat  for  25  cents  per  bushel. 

CLINX'H  JOHN,  farmer.  Sec.  17.  P.  O.  Rose- 
field,  son  of  John  and  Caroline  Clinch,  natives  of  coun- 
ty Kent,  England.  John  was  born  in  same  place,  July 
26,  1849;  came  to  the  United  States  in  1S6S  and  lo- 
cated in  Rosefield  township;  married  Miss  Mary  H. 
Manock;  she  was  born  in  Peoria  county,  Aug.  9, 1849; 
two  children  were  born  to  them  —  Carrie  Viola  and 
Charles  Francis.  Owns  160  acres  of  land.  135  under 
good  cultivation,  valued  at  $5,000.  Mr.  C.  has  a  tine 
farm  and  home,  and  is  in  comfortable  circumstances. 

CLINCH  THOMAS,  farmer.  Sec.  30,  P.  O. 
Trivoli.  son  of  Thomas  and  Matilda  (Lucas)  Clincli. 
natives  of  England  ;  father  born  in  l802,  died  in  1836  ; 
mother  born  in  1807,  died  in  1S69.  Thomas  was  born 
in  county  of  Kent,  England,  Jan.  26,1827;  came  to 
the  United  States  in  1850,  and  worked  on  a  farm  for 
fifteen  months,  at  $13  per  month ;  lived  in  Logan 
township  for  three  years,  where  he  rented  land,  and  in 
1855  came  to  this  place;  married  Miss  Sarah  Ann, 
eldest  daughter  of  Maj.  S.  Hohanan  101854.  She  was 
born  in  Saratoga  county,  N.  V.,  Sept.  2,  1835.  Their 
family  consi.sts  of  four  children  —  Walter  A.,  born 
Sept.  24,  1856;  Charles  E.  T..  born  Aug.  11,  1858; 
Vilu  Maud,  born  Aug.  29,  1864;  Sada  B.,  born  May 
22.  1S72.  Mrs.  C.  has  been  a  member  of  the  Congre- 
gational Church  for  nineteen  years.  Mr.  C.  has  rep- 
resented this  town  for  six  years  as  supervisor.  Has 
290  acres  of  land,  270  under  good  cultivation,  well 
supplied  with  fruits,  valued  at  $12,000.  Came  to  this 
county  with  a  good  will  and  pair  of  hands,  and  by 
those  has  made  a  good  property. 
Coll  IlueL.  wauoii   innkcr.  P.  ().  Hoielleid. 

COON  OKOKGE.  farmer.  Sec.  33,?.  O.  Summer- 
ville.  Was  born  in  Dover,  Duchess  Co.,  N.  Y.,  Sept. 
21,  1814.  Came  to  Peoria  Co.  in  1852,  where  he  has 
resided  since,  except  ten  years  in  Knox  Co.  Married 
Mis>  Sarah  Kurh.inlz,  born  in  the  .same  place  in  1819. 
She  died  in  1854,  having  been  the  mother  of  six  child- 
ren, three  living,  viz.,  Oeorge,  John  and  Elmer.  Mr. 
C.  married  Jane  Yengcr.  who  was  born  in  Hampshire 
Co.,  Va.,  Nov.  20,  1826,  by  whom  he  has  had  five  child- 
ren, viz.,  Ualhena,  llaltie,  Emma,  Walter  and  Winnie. 
Members  of  the  M.  E.  Church.     Has  160  acres  of  land 


valued  at  $5,000.     Came  here    with  only    $40  in    his 
pocket,  with  an  invalid  wife  and  six   children.     Noth- 
ing to  commence  with    but  by  industry    and  economy 
has  made  a  good  home. 
Coyle  Tlios.  Oak  lilll.  P  O.  RotfUrlii. 
lV)Ull<:r  J.  s.  rarmrr.  P.  O.  ItuicHcld. 
Coylr  M..  P.  O.  K..s«^neld. 
lull.-)  c.  fariurr.  P.  O.  Klcka|>oo. 
l».-illf)  J.  farmrr.  P.  O.  KtckaiHio. 
Darltib  H.  rariiiifr.  P.  o.  Ko»rnrItl. 
I>aH»oii  .\u<lri'«.  farmrr.  P.  o.    Koscfleld. 
UawsoiiC.  farmer.  P.  O.  Kuscllrld. 

D.WVSON  JACOB,  merchant,  P.  O.  Kose- 
tield.  Son  of  Isaac  and  Hannah  Dawson,  natives  of 
Morgan  Co.,  Va.,  where  his  father  died  at  the  age  of 
sixty-five.  Mother  after  coming  to  this  county  died  in 
Kickapoo  township  at  the  age  of  eighty-four  years  and 
six  months.  Jacob  was  born  in  same  county  Jan.  28, 
1816.  where  he  received  his  early  education  in  a  log 
house,  with  slabs  for  seats  and  writing  desks.  Married 
Mary  Ann,  daughter  of  Wm.  and  Rebecca  Roby,  Itorn 
in  Washington  Co.,  Md.,  Nov.  16,  1S16,  died  June 
16,  1879.  Came  from  Virginia  to  Fairfield  Co..  Ohio, 
in  1837,  where  he  remained  seven  years.  In  1844  came 
to  Peoria  county  and  located  in  Kickapoo  township  a 
short  time.  Thence  to  Rosefield  township  where  he 
has  been  since,  .\bout  1 860  engaged  in  grain  and  stock 
business.  In  1878  met  with  a  misfortune,  having  his 
warehouse  and  contents  of  3,500  bushels  of  grain  burned. 
Is  at  present  engaged  in  a  general  mercantile  business. 
Carries  a  stock  of  $3,000  and  does  a  cash  business  of 
$15,000.  Came  to  the  State  with  a  team,  moved  into 
a  log  cabin  14  x  14.  with  clapboard  door,  mud  chimney. 

Hwlrc  I>.  farnipr.  P.  O.  IlosrllelU, 
Kdiuls  !>..  p   o.  Itost-nold. 
Kdw.inlli.  r.inncr.  P.O.  Koscni'ld. 
KTsniliiit'T  P.  farmer.  I",  o.  Kickapoo. 
Fall  Walter,  f.irmer.  p.  O.  Uosefleld. 
Ke«  liiKs  Kllzalielli.  farilliT,  P.  il.  UoieOeld. 

t^OKNEY  E.  Y.  merchant  and  postmaster,  Oak 
Hill,  P.  O.  Rosefield.  Son  of  George  and  Elizabeth 
Forney,  natives  of  York  Co.,  Pa.  The  subject  of  this 
sketch  was  born  in  the  same  place,  where  he  received 
his  early  education.  When  he  was  seventeen  years 
old.  left  home  and  went  to  Kaltimore,  .Md.,  and  learned 
the  drug  business,  and  afterwards  onducted  it  for  him- 
self for  fourteen  years.  In  1859  came  to  Peoria,  where 
he  had  four  brothers,  and  remained  one  year.  Thence 
to  St.  Louis  in  the  commission  business  for  a  year,  an^ 
owing  to  the  excitement  of  the  war.  he  returned  to 
Edwards  Station,  remaining  two  years,  where  he  be- 
came acquainted  with  and  married  Miss  Eliubeth, 
daughterof  Jacob  .Switzer,  born  in  Cumberland,  Md., 
in  1843.  She  bore  him  three  children,  two  living, 
Clyde  C  and  John  W.,  who  was  named  after  the 
noted  John  W.  Forney  of  Pennsylvania,  who  is  a  cousin 
of  Mr.  Forney.  On  their  wedding  tour  Mr.  F.  bought 
the  goods  for  his  present  business  and  located  at  Oak 
Hill  where  he  has  remained  since.  Mr.  Forney  wu 
commissioned  twice  under  Abraham  Lincoln  as  po*t- 
master. 


ROSEFIELD  DIRECTORY. 


839 


Ford  W.  farmer.  P.  O.  Klckapoii. 
GlIMse  11.  larnier.  P.  O.  Roselielil. 
lireeu  O.  IS.  farmer.  P.  O.  Trlvoll. 
UrecnliulBb  R.  farmer.  P.  O.  Trlvoll. 

GKUNDY  JAMES,  farmer  and  coal  dealer, 
P.  0.  Trivoli.  Was  born  in  Lancashire,  Eug.,  Marcli 
10,  1S30;  came  to  the  United  States  in  1852  ;  stopped 
in  Fall  River.  Mass.,  one  year,  thence  came  to  Illinois. 
Married  Miss  Margaret  Bowen.who  was  born  in  England 
in  1837.  Six  children  have  been  born  to  them —  Rich- 
ard, Henry,  Edward,  Thomas,  Elizabeth  ard  Margaret. 
Has  eighty  acres  of  land,  valued  at  $2,000;  has  a  coal 
bank  with  a  vein  of  4J<  feet.  Enlisted  in  loSth  I.  \'. 
I.,  Co.  G.  Was  in  the  battles  of  Magnolia  Hills,  Siege 
ofVicksburg,  Arkansas  Post,  Champion  Hills,  Jack- 
son. Miss.,  Guntown,  Tenn..  and  Mobile.  Was  in 
every  battle  of  the  company,  and  was  always  found  at 

his  post. 

Hammerbacher  L.  farmer.  P.  (>.  Trivoli. 
Hanluti  Jno.  farmer.  P.  O.  Kickaitoo. 
Harper  t>.  fanner.  P.  O.  Jidwanls  Station. 
Harper  W.  H.  farmer.  P.  O.  EdwarUs  Station. 

HASSELBACHER  JOHN  PETER,  far- 
mer.  Sec.  7,  P.  O.  Rosefield.  Was  born  in  Bavaria. 
Germany,  Nov.  13.  1S2S,  where  he  received  his  early 
education.  Married  Miss  Eva  Gundaker.  She  was 
born  in  same  place,  March  7,  1826.  They  have  four 
children  —  Ludwig,  Catharine  D.,  Mary  I.,  and  Simon 
P.  Emigrated  from  Germany  to  the  United  Slates, 
Nov.  27,  1S57  ;  came  on  sailing  vessel ;  was  forty- 
eight  days  in  making  the  trip  ;  arrived  in  Peoria  Cn. 
Dec.  4,  where  he  has  remained  since.  Has  eighty 
acres  of  land,  valued  at  $3,000.  They  are  members 
of  the  M.  E.  Church,  of  Oak  Hill.  Mr.  H.  has  held 
the  office  of  school  trustee  and  other  local  offices. 

Healter  F.  farmer.  P.  O.  Kickapoo. 
Hull  Jas.  farmer.  P.  O.  Trivoli. 
Holt  Mary.  Oak  Hill.  P.  O.  Rosefield. 

HOLT  THOMAS,  farmer.  Sec.  29,  P.  O.  Rose- 
field. Was  born  in  Dancashire.  England,  April  to, 
1823.  Came  lo  the  United  States  in  1S54,  and  arrived 
in  Peoria  June  16,  of  the  same  year.  In  the  Spring  of 
1855  came  on  the  farm  where  he  now  lives.  Married 
Susanna  Hitchen  ;  she  was  born  in  the  same  pl.nce  in 
1826.  Six  living  children  compose  their  family,  viz  : 
James,  Benjamin  L.,  Thomas  H.,  Mary  E.,  Lawrence 
C,  Florence  E.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  II.  are  members  of  the 
M.  E.  Church.  Has  175  acres  of  land,  valued  at  $5,- 
000.  When  he  arrived  in  Peoria  county  had  only  one 
i  5-franc  piece  in  his  pocket.  On  Nov.  12,  1S66.  was 
I  burned  out,  and  lost  $700,  which  was  a  big  loss  for 
him  at  that  time. 

Hullck  M.  farmer.  P.  O.  Edwards  Station. 
Hutchlusoii,  Janies.  carpenter.  P.  O.  Rosefield. 
Hutctilnsoa  .John,  retired.  P.  O.  Rosefield. 
Iinler  Daniel,  laborer.  P.  O.  Rosefield. 
KauSman  Hannah,  P.  O.  Rosefield. 

I      KELLOGG  W.  R.  farmer,  Sec.  ig,  P.  O.  Rose- 

I  6eld.  is  the  son  of  Philo  and  Sally  A.  Kellogg  ;  father 

'  native   of  New   York  ;  mother   of   Connecticut.     Was 

born  in  Weathersfield,  Conn.,  Aug.  4,   1827.     Came  to 


Peoria  county  in  1S44,  and  located  in  Brimfield  town- 
ship, where  he  followed  farming.  Married  Miss  Cecilia 
P.  Moore,  who  was  born  in  Scoharie  county,  N.  Y., 
Jan.  22,  1832.  Their  marriage  resulted  in  three  chil- 
dren—  Clarence  W..  Eva  C.  and  Lena  May.  Are 
members  of  the  Congregational  Church.  In  1856  Mr. 
K.  settled  on  the  place  where  he  now  lives.  Has  240 
acres  of  land,  eighty  acres  under  good  cultivation,  and 
valued  at  $5,000,  and  160  acres  valued  at  $2,500.  Has 
held  several  local  offices.  Mr.  K.  is  a  relative  of  Judge 
Kellogg,  of  Canton,  also  of  Pitt  Kellogg,  of  Louisiana. 
In  1836  the  father  of  the  subject  of  this  sketch  came 
to  this  county  and  located  600  acres  of  land. 

KESSLER  HENRY,  farmer.  Sec.  4,  P.  O. 
Rosefield,  was  born  in  Germany,  April  24,  1820,  came 
to  the  U.  S.  in  1850,  in  a  sailing  vessel  ;  was  nine 
weeks  making  the  trip  ;  landed  in  New  York.  Thence 
went  to  Jefferson  county.  Mo.  where  he  lived  sixteen 
years.  In  1866.  came  to  this  county,  where  he  bought 
his  present  farm.  Married  Miss  Elizabeth  Black,  born 
in  Germany  in  1826.  Have  four  children  :  Henry  E., 
George,  Maggie  and  John.  Are  members  of  the  M.  E. 
Church.  Their  homestead  consists  of  n6  acres  of 
land  under  good  cultivation,  valued  at  $6,000.  When 
Mr.  K.  came  to  this  county  he  was  very  poor,  but  hard 
work  has  brought  success. 

KING  DANIEL,  farmer.  Sec.  26,  P.  O.  Ed- 
wards Station,  was  born  in  Peoria  county.  Ills.,  Novenr- 
ber  4,  1845,  where  he  was  brought  up  and  educated. 
Married  Miss  Elizabeth  Trigger,  who  was  born  in 
Peoria  county,  March  28,  1851  ;  and  is  the  mother  of 
four  children  :  Ebenezer,  born  October  30,  1S71  ;  Leno- 
ra,  born  December  16,  1874  ;  Ella  May,  born  April  3, 
1876  ;  Maud  E.,  born  July  13,  1879.  Rents  160  acres 
of  the  homestead  of  his  father.  Enlisted  in  131st 
I.  V.  I.,  Company  A.,  Captain  H.  H.  Andrew;  was  in 
several  lively  skirmishes  ;  mustered  out  at  Columbus, 
Georgia. 

Larpeiit  J.  K.  farmer.  P.  O.  Edwards  Station. 
Larbel  F.  farmer,  p.  O.  Kickapoo. 
Lettormaii  H.  farmer,  P.  O.  Kickapoo. 
Lonsdale  \V.  farmer.  P.  O.  Edwards  Station. 
Mann  A.  retired.  P.  O.  Rosefield. 
Mclntyre  P.  farmer.  P.  O.  Rosefield. 
Mclntvre  F.  farmer.  P.  O.  Rosefield. 
MeechamJno.  P.  O.  Rosefield. 
Miller  W.  W..  P.  O.  Rosefield. 
Moody  J.  M.  farmer.  P.  O.  Rosefield. 

MOODY  JOHN  S.  retired  farmer.  P.  O,  Rose- 
field, son  of  James  and  Peggy  (Richardson)  Moody, 
natives  of  England.  Father  died  at  the  age  of  seventy- 
six  years,  mother  at  the  age  of  ninety-four,  in  England. 
Were  the  parents  of  eleven  children,  four  of  which  are 
living.  John  S.  was  born  in  Yorkshire,  England,  De- 
cember 26,  1809  ;  came  to  the  United  States  in  1842, 
and  located  on  section  2g,  when  the  country  was  wild 
and  the  inhabitants  scattering.  Married  Ann,  daugh- 
ter of  James  Metcalfe ;  she  was  born  in  England, 
August  23,  1810,  died  January  18,  1S69,   having  borne 


840 


niSTORV   OF   PEORIA  COUNTY. 


i 


four  children:  James  M.,  Mary  Ann,  Thomas  and 
Elizabeth,  of  which  the  two  sons  are  living.  The 
family  are  adherents  of  the  M.  E.  Church.  Mr.  Moody 
hxs  held  several  local  offices. 

Mon.lv  S   t»riiuT.  P.O.  nntfUrld. 
SJorrl'.  lli-nry.  tariiKT.  I'.O.  TrlTuU. 
Murphy  Jus.  fariorr.  I'.u.  Kdwards  Station. 
Nader  K.  tariuer,  i'.U.  KIckapoo. 

NIXON  AUSTIN,  farmer.  Sec.  17.  P.  O.  Rose- 
field,  son  of  George  and  Catherine  Nixon,  was  born  in 
Hampshire  county,  Va.,  May  15,  1817,  and  immigrated 
with  his  parents  to  Perry  county,  Ohio,  in  1S2S,  when 
that  country  was  wild,  and  in  1844,  came  to  I'eoria 
county.  Married  Adeline  Auld  in  Ohio,  in  1841  ;  she 
was  bom  in  Brownsville,  Pa.,  February  II,  1S24.  Ten 
children  were  born  to  them,  seven  living,  viz ;  George, 
Thomas,  Louisa,  Mary,  Robert,  Emma  and  Nettie. 
Are  members  of  the  M.  E.  Church.  Mr.  N.  has  held 
several  local  ofBces.  They  came  through  with  teams 
from  Ohio  ;  were  twenty-one  days  on  the  road  ;  moved 
into  a  log  cabin,  14x16,  with  a  family  of  seven,  and 
used  an  old-fashioned  fire-place,  made  of  sticks  and 
mud,  with  puncheons  for  floor.  Their  capital  con- 
sisted of  one  horse,  bedding,  and  five  dollars  in  his 
pocket ;  of  that  amount,  paid  out  two  dollars  and  a 
half  for  a  doctor's  bill,  soon  after.  Owns  160  acres  of 
land,    140   acres   under  good   cultivation ;    valued   at 

$3,000. 

Nlion  J.  farmer,  P.  O.  Roseflelrt. 
Nlion  T.  J.  f.irmer.  P.  O.  RoseAcld. 
KAtlley  Jnc».  ranntT,  P.  O.  Peoria. 
Kannlliifj.;.  farmiT,  P.  o.  Trivoll. 
K«inliart  .M.  tarimr,  P.  O.  KIrkapoo. 
Kemi'liart  N.  tanner.  P.  O.  KIrkapoo. 

KOBBINS  H.  S.  f.vrmer.  Sec.  18,  P.  O.  Rose- 
field,  son  of  Henry  and  Elza  (Hart)  Robbins,  father 
native  of  Conn.,  mother  of  N.  Y.  They  immigrated  to 
Rosefield  township,  where  they  located,  and  raised  a 
family  of  five  children,  two  boys  and  three  girls. 
Father  died  in  1S74,  and  mother  has  been  dead  for  some 
years.  They  were  members  of  the  M.  E.  Church,  and 
died  in  the  faith.  The  subject  of  this  sketch  was  born 
in  Hartford  county.  Conn.,  Dec.  16,  1830.  Came  to 
Kosefield  township  when  he  was  nine  years  old.  At 
that  time  there  were  only  two  houses  between  where  he 
now  lives  and  Trivoli.  He  knew  almost  every  man  in 
the  county.  The  prairies  were  wild,  and  there  was 
plenty  of  game.  In  1838  his  father  came  to  Rosefield 
and  traded  a  clock  for  200  acres  of  land.  Mr.  R.  mar- 
ried Christiana,  daughter  of  Nehemiah  Stevens,  of 
Hartford  county.  Conn.  She  was  born  in  Middlesex 
county.  Conn..  March  10,  1834.  Has  80  acres  of  land 
under  good  cultivation,  valued  at  !f4,oou. 

Itixriirratili  .1.  W.  farnirr.  P.  O.  KdwanU  ttUUon. 
SliApli-v  !>r.  P.  O.  Ko«rllrl<l. 
.shiiKart  H.  lariiier.  P.  <).  TriToll. 
HIaiir  l>.  fanner.  P.  u.  Kraiiii  Station. 

SLANK    S.VMUICL,    farmer.    Sec.   23.   P.    O. 

Krams  Slition,  son  of  Elias  P.  and  llnrbara  Slane  nee 

Hayes,  was  born   in  Seneca  county,  O.,  Oct.  9,  1S40. 

Wa»  brought  up  and  educated  there  until  sixteen  years 


of  age,   attending   school   pan   of  the  time  in  Tift" 
Accompanied  his  parents  to  Illinois,  arriving  at  Peer 
on  the  7th  day  of  April,   1856.     The   firtl  year  oth 
residence  in  the  county,  Samuel  engaged  as  a  moait 
laborer  among  farmers  and  others.     In  the  Spring  o! 
1S5S  he  bought  a  tract  of  wild  prairie   land  in  Wood- 
ford county,  near  El  Paso,  and  commenced  imprtniag 
it.     Raised    and    sold   com   at   ten   cents   per  buhd 
to    help    pay     for  it.     He  continued  breaking  prair 
and    often    got     up    at    two    o'clock    in    the    moi: 
ing,    bunted    and    yoked    his    cattle,    and    went 
work.       In     the     Fall     of     1864,     be    sold    oat 
Woodford   county   and   came   to   Peoria   county,  ai 
bought  his  present  home  in  this  township.     InOctobt 
1S65,  married  MissCelia  Gillhom,  by  whom  he  had  v 
child,  William   L.,   bom   Dec.  10,  1867.     The  mott 
died  when  her  babe  was  six  days  old,  and  in  Februai 
1S68,  Mr.  S.  married  Martha  A.  Casey,  widow  of  Jot 
Casey  and    sister   of  his  first  wife.     This  mamage 
without  issue-     Owns  45  acres  of  land,  valued  at  $5.oi- 
Polttically,  a  Democrat.     Religiously,  accepts  the  Bit 
as  the  inspired  word  of  God,  and  as  his  rule  of  faith  at 
action. 

Smlili  J.  L.  farmer,  P.  O.  Rojelleld. 
Smith  Jacob,  farmer.  P.  O.  Rosefield. 
Sold  J.  It.  fanner.  P.  O.  txlwards  .■ilalloii. 
StiKKelis  M.  farmer.  P.  O.  Krams  Slallon. 
Slemuer  K.  farinir.  P   O.  Klclia|w«i. 
Sweluer  J.  W.  farmer.  P.  O.  Koftefleld. 
Sromliasky  F.  fariuei.  P.  O.  KIckapoo. 
Vaiiarsdale  J.  farmer.  P.  O.  KIckapoo. 
Walker  J.  f.irmer.  P.  O.  Eilwarai  Station. 
Walforil  S.  farmer,  P.  O.  l:Alwar<ls  Sutlon. 
Wllherell  U  farmer.  P.  O.  KoseAelO. 
WlUoM  K.  farmer.  P.  O.  Klrka|Hxi. 
Uolfoid  Oe.i.  farmer.  P.  t>.  Kosefield. 
Wrlttliv  James,  farmer.  P.  ().  Trivoll. 
Wrlgley  J.'seph.  farmer.  P.  O.  Trivoll. 
WrlKley  Tlios.  farmer,  P    O.  Trivoll. 

YINGEK  JOHN,  farmer.  Sec.  a8,  P.  O.  Ed- 
wards Station.  Son  of  Casper  and  Winneford  Yinper, 
who  immigrated  to  this  State  in  1836.  In  1S37  came 
to  Rosefield  township  among  the  earliest  seltleri.  John 
was  born  in  Hampshire  county,  Va.,  March  30.  1851. 
Left  Virginia  when  he  was  six  years  old  and  came  to 
this  county,  where  he  has  followed  fanning  since.  Mar- 
ried Miss  Rebecca  Rynearson,  who  was  bom  Novem- 
ber I,  1833.  Seven  children  blessed  their  union.  ri»  : 
Ephriam  P.,  Sar.ih  J.,  I^ura  A..  Henrietta,  Francis  E, 
Ada  M.,  and  Winnie.  Members  of  the  M.  E.  Church. 
Mr.  Yinger  has  311  acres  of  land  under  good  cultiva- 
tion, valued  at  $12,000.  Enlisted  in  the  77th  Rej:irae«l 
I,  V.  I.,  Company  K.  Mustered  in  at  I'eorii  in  l86t. 
The  principal  engagements  were  Vicksburg,  Arkansas 
I'ost,  Magnolia  Hill,  Champion,  lUack  River.  Siege  o( 
Vicksburg,  and  capture.  Thence  to  New  Orleans  at 
the  time  of  the  Red  River  defeat,  when  se%-eral  of  thdf 
men  were  captured,  was  on  a  furlough.  Thence  fort 
Gaines,  Fort  Morgan,  Spanish  Fort,  and  Mobile.  Was 
in  the  seivicc  neatly  three  years;  was  orderly  setgeant 
and  had  command  of  the  company  most  o(  the  time. 
Was  always  found  at  his  post. 


TIMBER  DIRECTORY. 


811 


TIMBER    TOWNSHIP. 


IderOeo.  farmer.  P.  O.  Glassford. 
shbell  Uavhi.  farmer,  I*,  o.  Glassfciril. 

BANDY  G.  W.  coal  miner  and  farmer.  Sec.  24. 
.  O.  Classford. 
auby  Samuel,  farmer,  P.  O.  Glassford. 

5AXDY  S.  C.  coal  miner,  P.  O.  Glassford. 

ateman  Isaat".  farmer,  V.  o.  Glassfonl. 
lamllit  William,  farmer.  V.  O.  Harker's  Corners, 
iilianan  John,  farmer,  P.  O.  (Jlassford. 
uitori  J.  C,  M.  D.,  P.  O.  Glassford. 

SOTTS  T.  W.  ice  dealer,  P.  O.  Kingston. 

uoth  James,  farmer,  P.  O.  Mapletoii. 
olUsThos   IctMleal.^r.  P.O.  Kingston, 
reese  P.  fanner,  P.  O.  Glassford. 
rowu.Iosepli.  farmer,  P.O.  Kiiiestou. 
iiflianaii  ileury,  farmer,  P.  O.  Mapletoii. 
ilhoun  Joliii,  farmer,  P.  O.  Mapleton. 
*mpbfer  P.  farmer,  P.  O.  Pass  RidKe. 
illtew  Jo.seph.  farmer,  P.  O.  Glassford 
ark  J.  y.  farmer.  P.  O.  Glassford. 
ark  Martin,  farmer,  P.  ().  Glassford. 
osseti  Adam,  farmer.  P.  o.  Glassford. 
(Ivin  lleiij.  farmer,  P.  O.  Glassford. 
dvlii  John,  farmer.  P.  O.  Glassford. 
)lvin  Wni.  farmer,  P.  O.  Glassford. 
mltloe  Mary,  farmer.  P.  O.  Glassford. 

COWSER  G.  W.  farmer,  Sec.  15,  1'.  O.  Glass- 

rd. 

)wser  Henrj"  M.  farmer.  V.  O.  Glassford. 

DAVIS  J.  W.   engineer,  res.   Glassford,  is  the 

n  of  John  H.  and  Mary  E.  Davis  tu-t  Downing,  who 

imigrated  to  Illinois  from  Ohio  in  1S52,  and   located 

Bloomington  where    they    resided    two  years,  then 

.me  to  I'eoria  Co.     Mr.  D.   was  born   in  Bridgeport, 

jlmontCo.,  Ohio,  Jan.  31,  1S40,  and  was  educated  in 

je  common   school.       He    married     Miss    Maryetta 

hompson,  daughter  of  J.  S.  Thompson.  She  was  born 

I  Knox  Co.,  Oct.  I,    1847.     They  are   the  parents  of 

»e  children,  two  sons  and   three  daughters.     Mr.  and 

■  rs.   Davis  are  members   of  the  Baptist    Church    of 

ilton  Co.     Mr.  D.  came  to  the  State  a   poor  boy,  but 

is  by  his  own  energies  procured  a  good  property  and 

)me. 

llTla  W.  H.,  miller.  V.  o.  Kingston. 

DEMPSEY  HANNAH,   hotel  keeper,  King- 

'  on,   P.  C,   Kingston   mines,   was   born  in    England. 

Id  came  to  this  country  at  the  time  of  the  London 
^position.  She  married  John  Harrison,  who  died 
'ay  24,  1864,  leaving  one  child.  She  afterwards  mar- 
id  Robert  Tremble,  who  died  about  five  years  after, 
er  third  husband  was  Anthony  Dempsey,  who  also 
ed  about  five  years  subsequent  to  their  marriage, 
rs.  D.  has  some  property  in  town,  and  is  in  comfort- 
'le  circumstances. 

>«1  J.  M.,  fanner.  P.  O.  Glassford. 
1)11  H.  B.,  farmer.  P.  O.  Glassfonl. 
»ll  Josepli,  fiirmer,  P.  o.  Glassfcirtl. 

JDUBOIS  ISAIAH  R.    farmer,  Sec.   17,  V.  O 

lassford. 

'•on  JoUu,  farmer,  P,  o.  Giassford. 

J  59 


Erford  B..  farmer,  P.  O.  Pass  Ridge. 
KwliiB  R.  (^,  farmer,  P.  O.  Kingston. 

EWING  K.  C.  blacksmith,  P.  O.  Kingston. 

FAHNENSTOCK    CHARLES    E.     mer 

chant,  re.^idence  Glassford  ;  son  of  Col.  A.  L.  and  Sarah 
E.  Fahnenslock,  »eir  Doane,  was  born  in  Timber  town- 
ship, Peoria  county,  on  the  29th  day  of  July,  1S53;  was 
reared  in  the  mercantile  business,  and  married  Miss 
.Vmanda  A.  Griggs,  daughter  of  Franklin  Griggs.  She 
was  born  in  Peoria  county,  July  19,  1855.  They  have 
two  children,  Minnie  May,  and  Gertie  I,. 
Fahnenstock  J.  L.,  cooper,  P.  O.  Glassford. 

FAHNENSTOCK  W.  F.  hotel  keeper,  P.  O. 
Glassford.  son  of  Jacob  and  Mariah  (Harmon)  Fahnen- 
stock ;  immigrated  to  Peoria  county  in  1837,  and  located 
at  Lancaster,  where  his  father  died  ;  mother  is  still  liv- 
ing. Mr.  F.  was  born  in  Adams  county.  Pa.,  on  the 
f4th  day  of  April,  1830  ,  was  bred  to  the  cooper  trade, 
and  educated  at  "  Dry  Run  College,"  a  log  cabin  16 
by  iS  feet,  with  a  fire  place  in  an  end.  The  windows 
were  logs  left  out ;  and  for  glass,  greased  paper  was 
used,  pasted  over  the  apertures.  He  married  Miss 
Elenor  Minnick,  daughter  of  John  Minnick.  She  was 
born  in  Licking  county,  Ohio,  Aug.  31,  1S35.  Five 
children  blessed  their  union,  three  living :  Kate,  now 
Mrs.  Ellis  Matthews  ;  Ida  C,  now  Mrs.  George  Lane, 
and  Allen  L.  He  owns  a  property  valued  at  $6,500. 
Fast  Martin,  farmer,  P.  O.  Glassford. 
FLAGER  D.  H.  M.  D.,  P.  O.  Glassford. 

Foley  Tims.,  fanner,  P.  O.  Kinpstoii. 
KoulK  Henry,  farmer.  P.  O.  Glassford. 
Foulk  Merrftt,  farmer,  P.  O.  Glassford. 
Foullc  U.,  fanner.  P.  O.  Glassford. 
Frame  John  L.,  fanner.  P.  o.  Mapleton. 

FRIESS  BERNABD,  farmer.  Sec.  21.  V.  O. 

Glassford. 

Fruss  B.  fanner,  P.  O.  (ilassford. 
Fryman  Isaac,  farmer,  P.  O.  Glassford. 
Fuller  Jas.  farmer.  P.  O.  Glassford. 
Fuller  T.  A.  farmer,  P.  o.  Marker's  Corners. 

GILLFOY  SAMUEL,  coal  operator  P.  O. 
Kingston  Mines,  son  of  Samuel  and  Mary  Ann  (Rogers) 
Gillfoy.  Immigrated  to  Fulton  county  in  1840.  Mother 
is  at  present  living  in  Plattsville,  Col.,  at  the  age  of 
seventy  years.  Father  died  in  1856.  Mr.  G.  w.is  born 
in  Baltimore,  Md,  on  the  4th  day  of  January,  182S. 
Attended  school  until  he  was  seventeen  years  old  when 
he  learned  the  trade  of  engineer,  which  he  followed  for 
several  years.  Married  Miss  Margaret  J.  Thorp, 
daughter  of  William  Thorp,  who  came  to  Tazewell  Co. 
in  1S24,  and  later  to  Peoria  county.  She  was  born  in 
Tazewell  Co.,  Feb.  1832.  She  has  borne  him  nine  child- 
ren, four  boys  and   five  girls.     In   i860  Mr.  G.  com- 


842 


HISTORY  OF  PEORIA  COUNTY. 


menced  in  the  coal  business  and  has   been  engaged  in 

it  since. 

Olaaforil  Geo.  fanner.  P.O.  Glas^rord. 
tilasford  (jeo.  Jr.  fariiier.  ¥.i).  Glussturd. 

GLASFOKl>  SAMUEL  A.  hotel  keeper, 
P.  O.  Glassford.  Is  the  son  of  William  and  Nancy 
Glasford  k«  Bell.  Father  a  native  of  Scotland  and 
mother  of  England.  He  was  born  in  Muskingum  Co., 
Ohio,  on  the  l6th  day  of  Nov.  1824.  Came  to  Peoria 
Co.  in  1S42,  and  farmed  one  year,  when  he  engaged  in 
the  coopering  business,  and  later  in  the  hotel  business 
which  he  has  followed  for  several  years.  Married  Miss 
Sarah  Dufield,  daughter  of  Benjamin  and  Elizabeth 
Dufield,  who  came  to  Peoria  Co.  in  1S32.  She  was  born 
in  Nicholas  Co.,  Va.,  Feb.  11,  1823.  Nine  children 
have  been  bom  to  them,  seven  of  which  are  living.  In 
1869  Mr.  G.  laid  out  the  town,  which  was  called  Glas- 
gow, but  wa.?  afterwards  called  Glassford,  there  being 
another  post-oftice  by  the  same  name.  He  served  in 
the  army  during  the  late  war  as  a  member  of  the  47th 
I.V.  I.,Co.  A.  Mr.  G.  came  to  the  county  poor,  but 
went  to  work,  and  although  he  has  met  with  some  losses 
has  yet  enough  to  keep  the  wolf  from  his  door.  He  is 
at  present  making  arrangements  to  try  his  fortune  in 
the  wiUU  of  Nebraska.  Is  a  member  of  the  Baptist 
Church. 

Goo(lm.iii  John  C.  farmer,  1'.  U.  Glassford. 
GKEEN  A.  S.  farmer.  Sec.  4.  P.O.  Glassford. 

OKEEN  ItlCHAllO,  farmer.  Sec.   21,   P.  O. 

,  son    of    John    and    Reaganah    Green, 

natives   of  Virginia.     Father  died  on   the  river     with 

cholera,  while  coming  to  the  county.     Mother  died   in 

1879.     ^^''  '-'■  ^^^^  born  in  Lewis  Co.,  Va,  on  the   13th 

day  of  July  1S25.     Was  reared  on  a  farm  and  attended 

the  common  school.     Married  Miss  Kachael  DufHeld, 

daughter  of  George  Duffield,  who  was  born  in  Virginia 

April  28,  1827,  by  whom  he   has   had   seven    children, 

five  living,  two  boys  and  three   girls,    George,  Richard 

J.,  Rachael  E.,  Mary  E.,  Ann.ibell.    They  are  members 

of  the  liaptist  Church.     Own  eighty-seven  acres  of  land 

uuder  good  improvement,  valued  at  $4,000.     Came  to 

the  county  in  1S33  in  limited  circumstances. 

(>r)Ki;H  <'li;»«.  farniiT.  P.  ().  Pass  RlilKe. 
GrlKtC!*  ^-  farmer.  P.  O.  Gla:isrurU. 
(irofiTinan  Henry,  farmer.  P.  U.  Glassford. 
Huller  Geo.  fanner,  P.  O.  (flassforil. 
Haller.liilin.  Sr.  farmer,  P.  ().  Glassforu. 
Haller  l.iulwlK'.  farnter.  p.  O.  filassfurd. 
Haiiey.J:is.  fanner   P.  (>.  Glassford. 
Jlarrl^iui  .M.  farmer.  P.  o.  liarker's  Corners. 

IIAiatlSON  WILLIAM,  laborer,  P.  O. 
Kingston  .Mines.  Son  of  Thomas  and  Mary  Harrison, 
tire  Newbert,  natives  of  England,  where  Mr.  Harrison 
was  born  May  ig,  1S25.  He  worked  on  a  railroad  be- 
fore coming  to  this  country.  Married  Miss  Mary 
Jackson,  daughter  of  John  Jackson.  She  was  born  in 
Lincolnshire,  June  12,  1833,  and  bore  him  thirteen 
children,  five  are  living.     He  enlisted  in  39th  I.  V.  I., 


Company  H.     Was  in  the  seven  day's  fight  under  G 

McClellan,  and  at  the  Siege  of  Charleston,  S.  C. 

the  time  of  the  expiration  of  the  first  enlistment    V 

enlisted   and   was  with  Grant  on  the  last  campkigD> 

Richmond,  and  was  stationed  there  at  the  time  of  t 

march   to  Washington  and  grand  review.     Went  ii 

the  service  as  private  and  was  promoted  to  1st  lieuti 

ant,  and  served   with  distinction.     Was  in  the  lerr 

four  years  and  one  month. 

Uand  Harvey,  farmer,  P.  O.  Glassford. 

HESS  SAMUEL,  farmer.  Sec.  29.  P.  O.  GU 

ford.    Was  bom  in  Perry  county.  Pa.,  January  26, 18: 

was  reared  on   a   farm  and  educated  in  the  comm 

schools.     Came  to    Peoria  county    in    1852.     Mani 

Miss  Hannah  Shade,  who  was  born  in  December,  18: 

Six   children    were   born    to   them,   five   are  living 

George  W.,  bom  September  12,  1S52  ;  Martin  L.,  bo  , 

March  29,   1854,  died   October  9,  1854;    Samael  1, 

born  March  16,  1856;  Daniel  R.,  bom  July  31,  185 

David  A.,  born  October  II,  1S60;  Mary  A.,  bom  D 

ceraber  9,   1S63.     Mrs.   Hess  died  November  9,  i8( 

She  was  a  member  of  the  M.  E.  Church,  and  mu> 

loved  and  respected.     .Mr.   Hess  married  with  Nan 

McFeaters,    daughter  of  Samuel    McFeaters.   bora 

Pennsylvania,    May   iS,  1836,  by  whom  there  are  l» 

children  — John  W.,  bom  July  24,  1871,  and  Rosann 

born  August  28,  1873.     Mr.  Hess'  estate  consists  of  a: 

acres  of  land,  valued  at  $10,000. 

Hill  Perry,  farmer.  P.  O.  Glassford. 
Hliikle  l>anl.  .1.  farmer.  P.  O.  Glassford. 
lloldsworth  Geo.  miner,  P.  O.  Kingston. 

HOOT.MAN  G.  farmer.  Sec.  15,  P.  O.  Glassford. 

Houtniaii  Hannab.  farmer.  P.  O.  Barker's  Corners. 
Hootmaii  S.  J.  farmer.  P.  o.  Glassford. 

HUTCHIXSOX  S.  R.  mUler  and  miner,  P.  t 

Kingston. 

Hornbacker  H.  farmer.  P.  O.  Glassford. 
.Tackson  Stephen,  farmer.  I'.  O.  Glassford. 
Jelford  Thos.  i*anker.  P.  o.  Kingston. 

JEFFOKD  THOMAS,  coal  dealer,  P.  i. 
Kingston  Mines.  Is  the  son  of  Thos.  and  Hanna 
(Hurvey)  Jefford,  natives  of  Cornwall  Eng.  His  falhc 
was  killed  while  in  the  mines  in  England.  Mr.  J.wi 
was  born  in  Cornwall,  England,  on  the  Iglh  day  ( 
January,  1836.  Came  to  the  United  States  in  l85( 
and  located  in  St.  Louis,  but  soon  after  went  to  Si 
Clair  Co.,  where  he  remained  until  185S,  then  came  !• 
I'eoria  Co.,  where  he  has  resided  since.  Married  Mis 
.\rabella  Ryan,  who  was  bom  in  JoDaviess  Co.,  IIL 
March  4,  1845,  by  whom  he  has  three  boys  and  twi 
girls.  Mr.  J.  is  at  present  engaged  in  the  coal  »ni 
mercantile  business  at  Kingston,  and  is  an  energetx 
business  man. 
.lobnson  K.  M.  farmer.  P.  o.  Glassford. 

.IONICS  ELI,  carpenter.  P.  O.  Kingston  Mines 
Was  born  on  the  3rd  day  of  August,  1839.  Marriei 
Miss  Eliza  Jones.daughter  of  James  Jones,  a  native  ol 


TIMBER  DIRECTORY. 


843 


v^io,  who  was  among  the  earliest   settlers.     She  was 

b'n  in  Peoria  county,  June  15,  1841,  and  is  the  mother 

o;wo  children,  Finny  and  Rose. 

JONES  EDWARD  J.  Capt.    farmer.   Sec. 

I  P.  O.  Glassford,  is  the  son  of  Richard  and   Sophia 

Jies  me  Edwards,  natives  of  Wales.  They  immigrated 

tthe  United  States  and  came   directly   to   Peoria  in 

1)4,  where  Mr.  Jones,  Sr.,  followed  farming.    He  died 

i  1842.     His  widow  died  Feb.  28,  1878,  at  the  age  of 

nety-two  years.     Edward  Jones  was  bom  in  the  city 

c  London  on  the  21st  of  February,  1 818.     Received  a 

leral  education  till  twelve  years  of  age.  when  he  went 

tsea  to  learn  to  be  a  sailor.    Married  Miss  Mary  Ann, 

(lighter  of  Andrew  M.   Hunt,   born    in   Cayuga   Co., 

\  Y.,  Jan.  20,    1822.     This   union  resulted    in    seven 

tildren,  three  girls  and  two    boys  living.     Owns    160 

tres  of  land,  is  also  proprietor  of  the  Hollis  Coal  Gas 

ftmpany  mines.     He  enlisted   in    May,    1S62,   in   the 

'th  I.  V.  I.,  Co.  K.  (three   months),    raised    the  com- 

ny   and  was  commissioned  its    Captain.     In    1863, 

-ruited  Co.  D.,  17th  111.  Cav.,  and  went   as  Captain 

d  served  nearly  two  years.     Was  disabled  by  the  fall 

his  horse  at  California,  Mo.,  where  he  had  three  ribs 

oken  and  was  otherwise  injured. 

'user  John,  farmer,  p.  O.  Glassford. 
ng  Alexander,  farmer,  P.  O.  Glassford. 
jons  Geo.  farmer.  P.  O.  Glassford. 
>jots  Geo.  farmer.  P.  O.  Glassford. 
richer  Lewis,  farmer.  P.  O.  Glassford. 
lyton  W.  H.  farmer.  P.  ().  Glassford. 
lionard  J.  H.  farmer.  P.  O.  Glassford. 
;wis  H.  C.  farmer.  P.  O.  Glassford. 
ghtbody  J.  farmer.  P.  O.  Glassford. 
'Mr  F.  farmer,  P.  O.  Glassford. 

I  F.  .J.  farmer.  P.  O.  Glassford. 

iihardGeo.  faimer.  P.O.  Glassford. 
iiMhig  Michael,  farmer.  P.  O.  Kingston, 
irlatt  John  J.  farmer.  P.  O.  Glassford. 
.■Avoy  James,  farmer.  P.  O.  Gl.assford. 
I  Elhanej  Win.  farmer.  P.  O.  Glassford. 
cGown  J.  C.  farmer.  P.  O.  Glassford. 
Severs  John,  blaolcsmith.  P.  O.  Glassford. 
ills  Geo.  farmer.  P.  O.  Barker's  Corners. 

MILLS  JAMES,  farmer.  Sec.  I,  P.  O.  Harker's 
orners,  is  the  son  of  Joseph  T.  and  Elizabeth  Mills 
le  McCoy,  natives  of  Washington  county,  N.  Y.,  where 
Ir.  M.  was  born  July  II,  181 1.  His  father  was  in  the 
'ar  of  1812.  James  married  Dec.  24,  1835.  His  wife 
■as  born  Oct.  2,  1S15.  She  bore  him  ten  children, 
ine  are  living  :  Hannah,  Joseph  T.,  Sarah  M.,  David, 
ennette,  Mary,  Jane,  William,  George,  and  Susan, 
■ho  died  Sept.  15,  1S76,  at  the  age  of  twenty  years  and 
aree  months.     Mrs.  Mills  died  April  5,  1S79.     She  was 

member  of  the  U.  P.  Church,  a  consistent  Christian, 
nd  loved  and  respected  by  those  who  knew  her.  Mr. 
ilills  has  80  acres  of  land,  valued  at  $3,000.  One  son 
ifasin  the  Union  army,  77th  I.  V.  I.  Was  captured  in 
he  Red  River  expedition,  and  lay  in  a  rebel  prison 
hirteen  months,  in  Tyler,  Texas. 

Mccormick  lewis  n.  farmer,  sec.  lo, 

.'.  O.  Glassford,  is  the  son  of  John  L.  and  Sally  Mc- 
.^ormick  net  McGinnis,  natives  of  Ohio, who  immigrated 
0  Grant  county,  where  Lewis  was  born  June  4,  1S30. 


Attended  the  district  school  and  grew  up  to  manhood 
on  his  father's  farm.  He  married  Miss  Rebecca,  daugh- 
ter of  James  Turner,  who  was  born  in  Indiana,  March 
iS,  1832.  They  had  seven  children,  five  living  :  Sar.ah 
A.,  Mary  J.,  Josephine,  Thomas,  Martha  Ellen.  Mem- 
bers of  the  Baptist  Church  at  Glassford.  Mr.  McC.  owns 
62+  acres  of  land,  valued  at  $2,000.  He  enlisted  in  the 
S6th  I.  V.  I.,  Co.  I.  Was  in  the  service  nearly  three 
years.  Went  out  under  Capt.  F.ahnenstock,  who  was 
promoted  to  Colonel.  W'as  in  the  engagements  at 
Perryville,  Chickamauga,  and  with  Sherman  on  the 
march  to  the  sea,  march  to  Washington,  and  grand 
review.  Mustered  out  at  Washington,  and  was  dis- 
charged at  Chicago. 

Miskmniis  H.  W.  farmer.  P.  O.  Glassford. 
Mitchell  James,  farmer.  P.  O.  Glassford. 
Noble  E.  G.  farmer,  P.  O.  Glasford. 
Owaus  James,  farmer.  P.  O.  Glassford. 
Parr  A.  Y.  farmer.  P.  O.  Harker's  Corners. 
Paytou  James,   armer,  P.  O.  Glassford. 
Peters  Samuel,  farmer.  P.  O.  Glassford. 
Pefers  Sandy,  farmer.  P.O.  Gla,ssford. 
Peterson  E.  farmer,  p.  O.  Glassford. 
Petty  Joseph,  farmer,  P.  O.  Glassford. 

PHILLIPS    H.    T.  farmer,    P.    O.    Glassford, 

Sec.  4,  is  the  son  of   Luke  M.  and  Maria  (Houghtaling) 

Phillips  ;  father  born  in  Rhode  Island,  September  7th, 

1812,   and   immigrated   to   Cayuga   county,    N.   ¥.,  in 

1835,  remaining   nine   years,  and,  while  here,  married 

Miss    Maria    Houghtaling.     She  was   born   in  Cayuga 

county,  N.  Y.,  June  4,  1811.     In    1S44,   they   removed 

to  Peoria  county  and   located   in   Kingston,  where  he 

followed  the  carpenter  business  ;  thence  to  Limestone 

township,  where  he  remained   seven   years  ;  thence  to 

Timber  township  to   their   present    residence.     There 

were  born  to  them  four  children,  three  are  living.     Mrs. 

Phillips  was  the  wife  of  James  D.  Finch,  by  whom  she 

had    four    children,  three    still    alive.      Mr.    Phillips' 

grandfather  on  his  father's  side  was  of  Irish   descent. 

There  were  three  brothers  came  to  the  United  Stales, 

one  locating  in  Pennsylvania,  one  in  Chenango  county, 

N.  Y.,  and    one    in    Rhode    Island.     Mother   was  of 

Scotch  parentage. 

Phillips  L.  M.  farmer.  P.  O.  Glassford. 
Porter  E.  M.  farmer.  P.  O.  Glassford. 
Reeves  Sinmii,  farmer.  P.  O-  Glassford. 
Revii..l.l-i  -M:irla.  farmer,  P.  O.  Glassford. 
Riddieliaugli  t'hrist.  farmer,  P.  O.  Glassford. 
Riddlebangb  J.  farmer,  P.  O.  Glassford. 
Bobbins  John  \V.  farmer,  P.  O.  Glassford. 
Roberts  Lewis,  farmer,  P.  O.  Glassford. 

ROBINSOX  DRUCILLA,  farmer,  Sec.  25, 
P.  O.  Kingston  Mines,  was  born  in  Mason  county,  Ky., 
December  18,  1816.  Immigrated  to  Peoria  county 
with  her  parents,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Nathan  Clifton,  who 
located  in  Peoria  in  1835,  and  in  1836  came  to  Kings- 
ton where  she  has  resided  since.  She  married  Mr. 
William  Egman,  son  of  Isaac  Egman  ;  he  was  a  native 
of  Ohio,  and  his  father  a  native  of  New  Jersey  ;  and 
came  to  the  county  in  1824,  among  the  earliest  settlers. 
Mr.  E.  died  November  12,  1S42,  having  been  the 
father  of  three  children,  all  of  which  are  dead.     One 


844 


HISTORY  OP  PEORIA  COUNTY. 


died  in  the  Union  army.  Mrs.  Egman  married  Frederick 
J.  I!usl>  in  1844,  wlx'  died  about  four  months  after- 
wards.  There  was  one  child  by  this  marriage,  which 
is  also  dead.  Mrs.  Bush  married  Thomas  Robinson,  a 
native  of  Kngtand.  in  1S49;  he  died  February,  1861, 
leaving  four  children — three  girls  and  one  boy.  She 
has  150  acres  of  land  in  this  township  and  eighty  acres 
in  Ilollis,  valued  at  $10,000.  She  is  a  member  of  the 
Methodist  Church. 

Sal  ma  L.«'t1,  farnier.  V.  O.  Olaufur<l. 
SAiiihle  fllrAit),  runner.  I*.  U.  (jlasurnrtl. 
SanJiTs  TIh-o  t»rmer.  f.  o.  Ulustura. 
Srari-lln  KImlra.  raniiiT.  J".  O.  Ulltufurd. 
.Siariim  r.  \V.  raniuT.  P.  O.  UlaMfurd. 
Scmu  .Inhti  .Ir.  raniiiT,  I*.  O.  GlaasfunL 
Strutt  .1.  A.  raniirr.  P.  <i.  GlaaifonL 
Scuu  J.  L.  fariurr.  I*,  o.  (iliwrord. 
.Scoll  .S.  I.  fariuer.  >'.  O  Ulauford. 

SCOVIL  JOHN,  farmer.  Sec.  20.  P.O.  Class- 
ford.  Was  born  in  Seneca  county,  N.Y.,  May  23,  1S23; 
followed  the  lakes  until  he  w-is  seventeen  years  old. 
lie  married  Miss  Mary  Ann,  daughter  of  John  W. 
McCoy,  native  of  Virginia.  She  was  born  in  Law- 
rence county,  Ohio.  Oct.  5,  1828.  They  had  ten  chil- 
dren, six  living  —  Benj.  \V.,  bom  June  27.  1851,  died 
Nov.  5,  1852  ;  Charles  S..  born  April  I,  1853;  Leroy  E., 
born  Nov.  13,  1854  ;  John  \V.,  bom  Ilec.  25,  1856, 
died  Aug.  20,  1879;  Gerald  L..  born  Sept.  6,  1858; 
Lincoln,  born  Jan.  15,  i860,  died  Sept.  7,  1863;  El- 
mer E.,  born  Nov.  15.  1862  ;  Viola  E.,  born  March  23. 
1S65  ;  Clara  A.,  bom  Dec.  27,  1S6S  ;  Mary  Ann,  bom 
May  23,  1874.  died  Sept.  16,  1874.  Owns  300  acres  of 
land,  valued  at  $10,000. 
Srrabp  II.  ranner.  P.  O.  Glasslord. 

SH.\U«HNE.SSY    M.    O.  attorney  at     law. 

Kingston. 

.HImrp  Uinl.  N.   faniior.  P.  <>.  Ola.SHfiiril. 
SlirpiierU  l>uiiti>t,  riiriuiT.  P.  (>.  (ilas.^runJ. 
SiKMk  J.  r^iriiKT.  P.  1).  <il.t«Hf,>ril. 
.Slin-lttr  Daiilt'l.  [aniiiT.  P.  (I.  (ilassfura. 
.Sliryock  Aloii/ii.  raniuT,  P.  1).  (tlsAtiforil. 
Hl(r)'u4:k  S;*miu.|.  furtiuT,  P.  o.  (tlasMford. 

SHIIYOCK  WILl.I.VM  F.  millright.  P.  O. 
Glassford,  Sec.  20.  Was  born  in  Virginia,  Sept.  I,  1825, 
and  came  to  Peoria  county  in  1864,  from  Coshocton 
county,  Ohio,  where  he  learned  his  trade.  Married 
Miss  Eliza  Johnson,  daughter  of  James  Johnson,  of 
Ohio,  where  he  was  born  July  I,  1806.  Ilis  daughter 
Eliza  was  born  in  Coshocton  county,  Ohio,  July  14, 
l82^>,  and  was  married  to  Mr.  Shryock,  March  29,  1S49. 
They  have  seven  chihlrcn  living —  Alonzo,  Alzina,Wil. 
lis,  Eva,  James  K.  Lewis,  Ella,  Oron  and  Minnie,  two 
of  .vliich  are  dead.  Mr.  S.  has  100  acres  of  land,  val- 
ued at  $5,000 ;  he  is  an  experienceil  workman  and 
known  widely  through  the  West ;  and  by  his  trade 
has  made  a  gooil  property. 

Smith  Nnriiian,  rnrtiior.  P.  u.  Olaaatunl. 
Hinllli  W.  rariitiT,  I*.  O.  KliifCiiUiii. 
H'tniirinakitr  II.  raniior.  P.  O.  Illaaafnnl. 
Sniili<a  Anion  ('.  raniiiT.  P.  (>.  Illaaaforfl. 
HiiraffiioH.  C.  farmer.  P.  *).  UlaMtorU. 


SUrki  Klllah.  rarmrr.  P.  O.  Olaalford. 
SIcoan  Wallrr.  farmrr.  P.  U.  OlautunL 

STKUBE  H.  farmer.  Sec.  20,  P.O.  Glauford. 

Ta)iur  K.  tarnier.  )'.  (l.  UlautonL 
Ta)l<pr<J~'   «    fariinT.  P  ri  Ula^iford. 

T»>l    -   '    ■  ■     •    ' '     -•    rd. 

The.  -.lord. 

TI1..1    .  '  .rd. 

Th..i, 

TlllUall  .Uuii5.  i.i:iL.n;r.  i'.  u.  UiAiilord. 

UPIIOFF    IIENUY,    farmer.   Sec.   4,  P.  < 

Glassford,  was  bom  in  Hanover,  Germany,  on  tltc  M 

day  of  March,  1836;  came  to  the  U.  S.  in  iSss.    Mai 

ried  Miss  Louisa   Horn.      She  was  bora  in  ihe  mm 

place  in  1848.     They  have  had  five  children,  fowwi 

living  :  Rena,    Garidena,  Reka,    and    Cathciinc.    M 

Uphoff  has  50  acres  of  land,  valued   at  $2,ooa    Ttl 

are  members  of  the  Lutheran  Church. 

VIckf  ra  liaar.  farmrr.  P.  O.  Glauford. 
Wauoii  W.  V.  ulllwrlKht,  P.  U.  Glassford. 

WOLG.VMOT    II.    K.  farmer.  Sec.  30.  P.  C 

Glassford.  is  ihe  son  of  John  and  Mary  Wolgamot.  • 

Cogh,  who    immigrated    to  this  county   in  IS45.     H  ' 

subject   of  thib   sketch   was  bom   in    Indiana,  Jaa.  H 

1840  ;  was  reared  on  a  farm  and  enjoyed  but  timim 

advantages  in  the  district  schools.     He  married  Mb 

Lucinda  Bandy,  who   was  born  in  Ohio,  in   l84i,k 

whom  he  had  seven   children,  five  living,  three  htf 

and  two  girls  ;  owns   137  acres  of  land,  70  acres  rail 

good  cultivation,  valued  at  $4,000.     Ileer 

32nd    I.  V.    I.,  Co.    •'  I,"  was  at   the  enj;... 

.Shiloh,  Corinth,    ilatchce  River,   Siege  of  Vickfbra 

and  the  capture  also,  at   the  siege  of  Jackson,  Mi^ 

and  attached  with  Sherman  on  his   march  to  tkti^ 

and  to  Washington,  and  participated  in  grand  rrrict 

was  sent  on  an   Indian  expedition  to  Leavenworth,  I 

Ft.  Kearney,  and  ictumed,  making  600  miles;  was  i 

the  senice  three  years  and  four  months. 

WOLG.VMOT  JOX.VTHAX,  team.lef,  re 
Gla.ssford,  was  born  in  Peoria  county,  Oct.  16,  1S4 
M.irricd  Miss  Margaret  Warren,  who  was  bom  in  1S4 
They  are  Ihe  parents  of  three  children  ;  Warrrn,  Cha. 
lie.  and  Francis.  He  enlisted  in  the  S6lh  I.  V.  t.,  I 
the  regiment  first  commanded  by  Col.  Irons,  and  afte 
warils  by  Col.  Fahnciislock.  and  served  nearly  thr« 
years;  was  in  the  engagement  at  Perryvillc.  Chickj 
mauga.  when  he  was  wounded,  having  his  n(;hi  tbuBi 
shot  otT;  was  transferred  to  the  V.  R.  C.  ami  stalioac 
at  Washington  until  the  close  of  the  war.  Mrs.  W.  it 
member  of  the  Baptist  Church. 
Wravpr  .ir^nifi,  lalwircr.  p.  o.  atassforil. 

WKKUTII   J.VCOn  I>E,  farmei    and  sloe 

raiser,  .Sec.  8,  P.  O.  t;iaisford. 

WIlMiii  II.  \v.  farmrr.  P.  (t.  Olaufnrd. 
Wilson  .lAfMtt,  r.-itinrr,  P.  0  lll.-k«<ir,>r4. 

YAEUEK  UI:KII.\UI>,  hotel  keeper.  Ktaf 
stop. 


TUIVULI    DlUKCrOUY. 


845 


TRIVOLI    TOWNSHIP. 


Ackin  W,  N.  fariiior.  P.  O.  Trlvoll. 
Albright  Geo.  fanner.  P.  O.  Brunswick. 

^VNDKKSON  J.  II.  farmer.  See.  13,  P.  O.  Tri- 

voli.  Was  born  in  H.ampshire  Co.,  Va.,  Sept.  15,  1829, 
where  he  was  reared  to  the  cooper  trade.  Came  to 
Peoria  county  in  1852,  and  located  in  Trivoli  township. 
Married  Miss  Alice  Preston,  who  was  born  in  New 
Jersey,  April  15,  1830.  They  were  blessed  with  a  family 
of  nine  boys,  all  of  which  are  living,  Emery,  Ross  H., 
William  H.,  John  A.,  Thos.  M.,  Robert  F.,  Joel  Kdgar, 
Charlie  and  Frank.  Mr.  Anderson  owns  eighty  acres 
of  land  under  good  cultivation,  valued  at  §4,000.  Me 
and  wife  are  members  of  the  M.  E.  Church. 
Ash  J.  farmer.  P.  O.  FarinluKton. 

BARBKR  I>.  W.  farmer.  Sec.  25,  P.  O.  Trivoli, 
is  the  son  of  John  and  Prudence  Barber  nee  Kenyon, 
His  father  was  born  in  New  York  State,  Dec.  5,  1794, 
and  died  Dec.  12,  1S71,  his  mother  in  Schoharie  Co., 
N.  Y.,  Oct.  24,  1799.  They  immigrated  to  Peoria  Co., 
in  1S38.  Their  family  consisted  of  five  children,  two 
boys  and  three  girls.  The  subject  of  this  biography 
was  born  in  Schoharie  Co.,  N.  Y.,  on  the  i6th  day  of 
Feb.  1S34.  Was  reared  on  a  farm  and  educated  in  the 
common  school,  and  married  Miss  Rebecca  J.  Natsline, 
who  bore  him  four  children,  two  are  living,  Oscar  S., 
born  Oct.  14, 1S60,  Ida  J.,  born  March  7,  1863,  died 
Sept.  23,  1864,  John  E.,  born  Jan,  12,  1S65,  died  Feb. 
Feb.  4,  1865,  Mary  C,  born  April  22,  1868. 
Barlow  J.  farmer,  P.  O.  Karmiugtou. 

BARLOW  JOSHUA,  farmer.  Sec.  18,  P.  O. 
Farmington,  Fulton  Co.,  111.,  was  born  in  Nicholas 
Co.,  Ky.,  June  15,  1S17.  Learned  the  gunsmith  trade 
when  a  boy.  Married.  June  29,  1847,  Miss  Martha  T. 
Burden,  daughter  of  James  Burden,  a  native  of  Ken- 
tucky. She  was  born  Nov.  1, 1S21.  Their  union  result- 
ed in  seven  children,  six  living,  as  follows:  John  J., 
born  June  24,  1849,  Mary  O.,  bom  Feb.  12,  1853, 
Nancy  E.,  born  Jan.  15,1856,  Luther  C,  born  May  9, 
1857,  Jesse  H.,  born  July  11,  1858,  died  March  6, 
1859,  Sarah  A.,  born  Jan.  31,  1861,  Wm.  H.,  born  July 
17,  1864.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  B.  have  been  members  of  the 
Christian  Church  over  thirty  years.  Own  130  acres  of 
land  under  good  cultivation,  valued  at  $6,000.  Also 
thirty-nine  acres  in  Timber  township.  Mr.  Barlow 
came  to  the  county  in  October,  1S55. 

Bell  Thomas,  farmer,  P.  O.  Farmington. 
Bird  Noah,  farmer.  P.  O.  Farmington. 

BORST  NELSON,  farmer,  Sec.  8.  P.  O.  Far- 
mington. Was  born  in  Schoharie' Co.,  N.  Y.,  in  1817. 
Is  the  son  of  Joseph  M.  and  Asenath  Borst,  natives  of 
the  same  county,     Mr,  B.  married  Miss  Ann  Maria 


De  Noyelles.  She  was  born  in  Richland  Co.,  N.Y., 
in  1819.  Three  children  blessed  this  union,  E.  Adelia, 
now  Mrs.  Snyder,  Josephine  D.,  now  Mrs.  lliggs, 
Asenath,  now  Mrs.  Heroon,  Theresa  Anna,  now  Mrs. 
Emmons.  Mr.  B.  came  to  the  county  in  the  Fall  of 
186S,  and  settled  in  Trivoli  townsliip,  where  he  owns 
145  acres  of  land  well  improved,  valued  at  $6,000.  He 
hcl<l  the  office  of  supervisor  for  two  years,  during  the 
erection  of  the  new  Court-house  and  has  assessed  the 
township  two  years,  and  other  local  offices.  .\re  mem- 
bers of  the  Methodist  Church. 
Breliner  William,  farmer,  P.  O.  Farmington. 
BREIBER  GEO.  A.  miller,  P.  O.  Trivoli. 

Buchanan  A.  farmer.  P.  O.  Farmington. 
Bvhee  liaThl.  farmer.  P.  <).  Farmln(:ton. 
Callahan  James,  carpenter,  P.  o.  Trivoli. 

CARR  WALLACE  W.  minister  of  the  Gos- 
pel, M.  E.  Church,  P.  O.  Trivoli.  Was  born  in  Mid- 
dlebury,  Addeson  county,  Vermont,  July  2,  1850.  His 
early  school  advantages  were  very  limited,  but  earnestly 
desiring  an  education  he  fitted  himself  for  college  while 
working  upon  a  farm  with  his  father,  among  the  rocks, 
hills  and  valleys  of  his  native  State.  In  1874  he  entered 
as  freshman  The  Norlh-Western  University,  at  Evans- 
ton,  Ills.,  and  graduated  in  1877,  having  completed  in 
the  four  years  a  regular  college  course  ;  also  a  partial 
course  in  the  Garrett  Biblical  Institute,  also  situated 
at  Evanston,  and  filled  the  pulpit  of  the  Brighton  Park 
M.  E.  Church,  Chicago,  two  years  of  this  time.  In  the 
Fall  of  1877,  he  married  Miss  Mattie  L.  Piper,  of 
Middlebury.  Vt.,  and  feeling  called  to  the  ministry  as 
his  life's  work,  he  entered  the  Illinois  Conference  and 
was  stationed  at  Yates  City,  Knox  county,  where  he 
labored  one  year,  and  at  the  present  writing  is  pastor 
of  the  M.  E.  Church  at  Trivoli,  Peoria  county,  Ills. 

CHRISTIE  WILLIAI>I,  farmer.  Sec.  20,  P. 
O.  Farmington.  Fulton  county,  Ills.  Son  of  James  and 
and  Mary  Christie,  n«  Stewart,  natives  of  Ireland. 
They  came  to  the  United  States  and  located  in  West- 
morland county,  Penn.,  where  William  was  born  on 
the  4th  day  of  December,  1812.  Was  bred  a  farmer 
and  enjoyed  such  school  .-idvantages  as  the  district 
schools  afforded  at  that  time.  Married  Matilda  Wilson, 
daughter  of  Robert  Wilson,  of  Ireland,  in  1841.  She 
was  born  in  Ireland,  December  25,  1S20.  By  this  union 
there  were  lour  boys  and  two  girls.  In  1865  they  came 
to  Trivoli  township,  where  they  have  resided  since. 
Own  130  acres  of  land,  valued  at  $9,000,  and  are  mem- 
bers of  the  Presbyterian  Church. 

Christy  y.  M.  farmer.  P.  ().  Farmington. 
Clark  .1.  L.  farmer.  P.  O.  Pass  Ridge. 

CLARK  SADIUEL  W,  farmer,   Sec.   J8.   P. 


846 


HISTOKY   OF   PEOHIA   COUNTY. 


O.  Brunswick.  Was  born  in  Jefferson  county,  Ohio, 
on  the  14th  day  of  August,  1S35.  Married  Miss  Phoebe 
R.  Barton,  who  was  born  in  (luernsey  county,  Ohio, 
and  died  six  months  after  the  marriage.  Mr.  Clark 
mairied  Phoebe  E.  Vickery,  born  in  Peoria  county, 
in  1844.  By  this  union  there  were  seven  children, 
bom,  five,  three  boys  and  two  girls,  are  living  — 
I.aura  M.,  Leoni  Leoti,  Elias  S.,  Roy  S.,  and  Eddie. 
Mr.  Clark  owns  120  acres  of  land,  ninety  acres  under 
cultivation,  valued  at  $4,000.  In  the  years  1861  and 
1862,  he  was  employed  by  the  government  as  teamster, 
and  stationed  at  Fort  Leavenworth. 

rouIt»-r  J.  P.  farmer,  P.  O.  FarmliiRton. 
<'raint*r  Win.  farmer.  P.  O.  FanntiiKton. 
Cr*ni'  Svlvtvter.  farmer.  P.  <).  F.-tritiliiKtoit, 
l'r.Mi«*  W.  1..  farmer.  P.  O.  KarmitiKton. 
Curtis  J.  C.  farmer.  P.  O.  TrlTull. 

COX  fifcXIS  S.  farmer;  Sec.  17,  I'.  O.  Karmington. 
DUFIKLD  IIENKV,  retired  farmer,  Sec.  27, 
r.  O.  Brunswick.  Was  born  in  West  Virginia,  on  the 
13th  day  of  March,  1813.  Married  Catharine,  daughter 
of  Thos.  Hunt,  who  was  born  in  Clcrnionl  county, 
Ohio,  August  15,  1820.  She  was  the  mother  of  four 
children,  two  of  which  arc  living —  John,  born  May  13, 
1839;  William,  born  October  19,  1S49,  who  died  at 
Nashville,  Tenn.,  August  8,  1864,  from  a  wound  re- 
ceived at  Kenesaw  Mountain ;  Elizabeth,  born  April 
25,1848;  Henry  N.,  bom  June  30,  1855.  Mrs.  Dufield 
died  April  15,  1857.  Mr.  Dufield  married  Catharine 
Rumfieid,  daughter  of  Jacob  Rumfield,  born  in  Union 
county,  Penn..  on  the  17th  day  of  February,  1S31,  who 
bore  him  two  children  —  Sarah  C,  born  December  29, 
1858,  died  December  24,  1S70.  Anna  M.,  born  March 
12,  1867.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  D.  are  members  of  the  Luth- 
eran Church.  Own  160  acres  of  land  valued  at  $4,000. 
Came  to  this  county  in  1832  and  settled  in  Timber 
township,  remaining  about  sixteen  years,  when  he  pur- 
chased land  in  Trivoli  and  settled  where  they  now 
reside.  When  they  came  to  Timber  township  this 
county  was  a  vast  wilderness,  and  wild  game  was  abun- 
dant. Their  first  dwelling  was  a  log  cabin  16  x  20, 
where  they  lived  with  a  family  of  nine. 

Delcnler  C.  Mn.  P.  O.  Triviill. 
IhiwiiM  II.  farmer.  P.  o.  Kiiriiilnirtoii. 
Iluinnri  W.  T.  farmer,  P.  o.  Trlvoll. 
Ilarnell  .laiiirH.  farmer.  P.  o.  Trlvoll. 
Krf.T.I  II.  farmer,  P.  O.  I'a»'.  IIIiIkc. 

KlU  (>UI>  .lACOIl  I>.  famier,  Sec.  36,  P.O. 

Pass  Kidgc,  .son  of  Henry  and  Barbara  (KtHms)  Krford, 

natives  of  Pa.,  was  born  in  Cumberland  county.   Pa.,  on 

ihc  i6th  day  of  March,    1822.     Was  reared  on  a  farm 

and  educated  in  the  common  school.     His  father  died, 

leaving  them  poor.     He  worked  out  by  the  month,  for 

$10  per  month,  for  two  seasons.     Married  Miss  Mary 

Ann   Shoop,   who  was  born  in  Junietta  county.    Pa., 

Nov.  25,  l8lS.     They  were  blessed  with  nine  children, 

lix  boys  and  three  girls,  two  of  which  are  living,  Wm. 

M.and  Henry.     Mr.  E.  is  a  member  of  the  Evangelical 


Church,   and    Mrs.    E.   is  a   member  of  the  Church  of 

God.     Own  120  acres  of  land,  valued  at  $6.oou. 

Erfon)  Jarub.  farmer.  P.  O   Pau  Bldce. 
Ktiruit  .Mary  IC  P.  o.  Karmlu(ion. 

FAHXKNSTOCK  WM.  retired  farmer.  P.O. 

Brunswick,  Sec.  28,  was  born   in   Chester  county.  Pa., 

March  8,  1808,  and  was  reared  on  a  farm,  and  attended 

the  country  schools.     In   the  Spring  of  1854  came  to 

Peoria  county  and  settled  on  the  place  he  now  occupies. 

Married   Miss  Ann  E.    Ernst,   the  daughter  of  J.    C. 

Ernst.     She  was    born  in   Bucks  county,  i'a.,  Nov.  2$, 

1811.     They  were  the  parents  of  eleven  children,  five 

of  which  are  still    living,  four   sons   and  one  daughter. 

Mrs.  F.  died  Oct.  20,  1876.     She  was  a  member  of  the 

Presbyterian  Church,  a  consistent  Christian,  and  was 

loved  and  respected  by  all  who  kne-v  her. 

Faliea  I..  Mn.  farmer.  P  O.  Pau  Klilfte. 
FclKli  .lohn.  fanner.  P.  o.  Trlvoll. 

FLETCHEK  JOHX  S.  blacksmith,  residence 
Trivoli,  was  born  in  Derbyshire,  England,  Aug.  11, 
1822,  and  was  apprenticed  to  his  trade  when  twelve 
years  old.  In  the  year  1836  came  to  America,  and 
located  in  Knox  county,  Illinois,  a  short  time,  then 
came  to  Peoria  city  and  remained  about  three  years  ; 
and  in  i860  came  to  Trivoli  township,  where  he  has 
resided  since.  Married  Miss  Caroline  Else.  She  was 
born  in  England  in  1S23.  There  were  eight  children 
bom  to  them,  four  survive,  viz  :  Sarah,  Hannah,  Olive 
and  Mary.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  F.  are  members  of  the  M.  E. 
Church.  Mr.  F.  is  still  engaged  in  the  blacksmith 
business,  also  is  in  company  with  John  Greenhalgh  in 
a  general  store,  where  they  are  doing  a  good  healthy 
business. 

FRANKS    JES.SE,    farmer.    Sec.   24.    P.   O. 

Trivoli,  son  of  (leorge  and    Mary  Franks,   was  born  in 

Pa.,  and  came  to    Peoria  county  in  1S50,  and    located 

on  Sec.  24,  where  he  still  resides.     Married  Miss  Sarah 

E.  Baker,  daughter  of  John   Baker.     She  was  born  in 

Virginia  Oct.   iS,  1852.      Three  children  blessed  this 

union,  one  living,  Wm.  Earle,  born  Oct.,  1875.     They 

are  members  of  the  Lutheran  Church.     Own  30O  acres 

of  land,  valued  at  $S,ooo.     Mr.  F.  enlistcil  in  the  86lh 

I.   V.   I.,   Co.  D.     Was   in   the   battles  of   Perryville, 

Chickamauga,  siege  of  .\tlanta,  with   .Sherman  on  his 

march  to  the  set,   then  on   the  march  to  Washington 

and  grand  review. 

FKANK  M.VllTIN.  farmer,  P.  O.  Trivoli. 

Itarllanil  Palrlek,  farmer,  P.  <V  llninswlcll. 
(lllletl  .1.  11.  farmer.  P.  ii.  Trlvoll. 

GOltUON  .VZAUIAIl,  farmer  and  stock 
raiser.  Sec.  18,  P.  O.  Farmington,  Fulton  county.  Ills., 
son  of  Anderson  and  Nancy  Gordon,  wee  Rogers,  na- 
tives of  Indiana.  They  immigrated  to  Henry  county. 
Ills.,  in  .Vugusi,  1S63,  where  they  still  reside.  Aiariah 
was  born  in  Putnam  county,  Indiana,  on  the  8th  day  of 
March,  1839.     Married  Miss  America  Uenman,  daugh- 


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d^acu^  <^^a^/iio^y 


TRIVOLI  ,TP. 


TKIYOLl   DIRECTORY. 


847 


ter  of  Isaac  Denman  ;  she  was  born  in  Polk  county, 
Indiana,  October  i6,  1840.  One  child  blessed  their 
union,  William  Edgar,  born  March  g,  iS6g.  Mr.  Gor- 
don has  represented  the  town  as  supervisor,  also  held 
the  office  of  Justice  of  the  Peace.  Has  forty  acres  of 
land,  valued  at  $2,000.  Makes  a  specialty  of  fine 
stock.     Owns  some  thoroughbred  short-horn  cattle. 

GOVE  JA3IES  K.  farmer.  Sec.  i,  P.  O. 
Trivoli,  son  of  David  A.  and  Olive  (Knight)  Gove, 
who  immigrated  to  Illinois  in  1S37,  and  settled  in  Tri- 
voli township.  His  father  and  mother  both  died  in 
1855,  father  at  the  age  of  eighty,  and  mother  at  the  age 
of  seventy  years.  Mr.  Gove  was  born  in  Penobscot 
county.  Me.,  on  the  aSth  day  of  December,  iSii ;  was 
bred  a  farmer  and  educated  in  the  district  schools ; 
came  to  the  West  with  teams,  bought  his  land  and 
started  out  to  make  a  farm.  Married  Miss  Mary  Bry- 
ant, the  daughter  of  Martin  Bryant ;  she  was  born  in 
Pennsylvania,  January  24,  1824,  died  January,  1S73. 
Their  marriage  resulted  in  nine  children — three  boys 
and  six  girls — seven  of  which  are  living;  Martha  E. 
David  A.,  Charles  F.,  Elizabeth,  Charles  H.,  Olive, 
Ellen  M.,  Caroline  and  Elizabeth  (Charles  and  Eliza- 
beth, deceased).  Mr.  G.  has  held  several  local  offices. 
Owns  150  acres  of  land,  all  under  good  cultivation, 
beautifully  located  near  the  town  of  Trivoli,  valued  at 
$6,000.  He  came  to  the  county  when  it  was  a  wilder- 
ness and  has  lived  to  see  it  transformed  to  its  present 
prosperous  state.  He  hewed  the  timber  to  build  the 
first  house  in  Trivoli  township.  Is  a  member  of  the 
A.  F.  &  A.  M.  at  Farmington,  Ills. 

GOVE  OKVILLE  E,  farmer.  Sec.  i,  P.  O. 
Trivoli,  was  born  in  Corinth,  Penobscot  county.  Me., 
on  the  17th  day  of  September,  1S07.  In  the  Summer, 
used  to  work  on  the  farm,  and  in  \Vinter  worked  in 
the  lumber  woods  by  the  month,  and  received  $14  to  $16 
per  month.  Married  Miss  Rosella,  daughter  of  Levi  Bow- 
den,  of  the  same  county  ;  she  was  born  in  March,  1815. 
They  had  four  children  born  to  them,  three  of  which 
died  in  infancy.  The  daughter  living  is  Maria,  now 
Mrs,  John  Manning.  Came  to  the  county  in  1S42, 
purchased  eighty  acres  of  land  and  built  a  frame  build- 
ing. Now  owns  ninety-six  acres  under  a  high  state  of 
cultivation,  well  improved  and  valued  at  $5,000. 
GRAHAM  MARY,  farmer.  P.  O.  Trivoli. 

Graham  Wm.  P,  farmer,  P.  O.  Brunswirk. 
Greennaigh  John,  hlarksmith.  P.  O.  Trivoli. 
Grepory  David,  farmer.  P.  O.  Trivnll. 
Gregory  D.  R.  farmer.  P.  O.  Trivoli. 
Gronlnger  R.  W.  farmer.  P.  O.  Pass  RldRC. 

HAMBLIN  ISAAC,    retired   farmer,  Sec.  11. 

P.  O.  Trivoli,  is  a  son  of  Joseph  and   Mary  Hamblin, 

me  Frost,  natives  of  Cumberland  county.  Me.,  where 

they  lived  and   died ;  raised   a  family  of  six  boys  and 

five  girls,  all  of  which   lived   to  be   men  and  women. 

Isaac  was  born  on  the  6th  day  of  September,  1798,  in 

Gorham,  Cumberland  county,   Me.,  came  to  Peoria 


county  in  1837,  he  had  heard  of  the  beauties  of  the 
prairies  of  Illinois,  and  longed  to  see  them  ;  when  he 
came  he  found  that  the  half  had  not  been  lold.  The 
next  year  he  went  back  ami  lirought  his  family,  which 
came  through  with  teams,  and  were  on  the  road  over 
two  months.  After  a  weary  journey  they  landed  in 
Trivoli  township,  and  located  on  the  section  where  he 
has  resided  forty-three  years.  Married  Martha  A. 
Tinney.  She  was  born  in  Maine,  Aug.  7,  1799.  She 
died  in  1844,  leaving  four  children,  of  whom  one  is 
living.  Martha  L..  now  Mrs.  Edward  Hovenden.  He 
married  Miss  Mary  P.  Thompson.  She  was  born  in 
New  lersey.  Two  children  were  bom  to  them,  both 
deceased.  Mr.  H.  owns  147  acres  of  land,  valued  at 
S50  an  acre;  has  held  several  local  offices  in  the  town- 
ship. Before  coming  to  this  country  he  was  a  member 
of  the  State  Legislature,  in  Maine. 
HANAFORD  J.  H.  farmer,  P.  O.  Trivoli. 

HARKNESS  DEXTER  F.  farmer.  Sec.  4. 
P.  O.  Farmington,  was  born  in  Peoria  county  on  the 
4th  day  of  Nov.,  1849,  where  he  was  reared  on  a  farm, 
and  attended  the  common  school.  Married  Miss 
Jennie  E.,  daughter  of  Nathan  Manock,  born  in 
Elmwood  township,  Aug.  28,  1S58,  who  bore  him  two 
children,  Frank  P.  and  Harland.  Mr.  II.  has  420 
acres  of  land,  valued  at  i?i5,ooo;  makes  a  specialty  of 
manufacturing  cider  vinegar,  and  has  been  in  the 
business  for  a  number  of  years;  has  run  as  high  as  40.- 
000  bushels  of  apples,  and  made  and  stored  as  high  as 
r,500  to  1,800  barrels  per  year.  His  principal  sales 
are  in  Kansas. 

HARKNESS  ISAAC,  (deceased)  was  born  in 
Salem,  Washington  county,  N.  Y.,  Sept.  i,  1804.  He 
was  the  youngest  son  of  James  and  Betsey  Harkness, 
who  were  born  and  married  in  Massachusetts,  and 
moved  to  Washington  county,  N.  Y..  in  1767.  They 
had  a  family  of  ten  children,  six  of  whom  became 
early  settlers  of  Illinois,  and  some  of  them  of  Peoria 
county.  ."Vnna.  wife  of  Ichabod  Smith,  settled  in  Elm- 
wood  township,  in  1S35  ;  James  and  David,  in  St.  Clair 
county,  in  1S20;  Edson  and  Daniel,  in  Elmwood  town- 
ship, the  former  in  1836.  and  the  latter  in  1S45  ;  Isaac, 
of  Trivoli  township,  in  1S30.  When  Isaac  was  an  in- 
fant, his  parents  removed  to  Bradford  county,  Penn,, 
here  he  was  raised  on  a  farm  until  he  was  twenty-six 
years  of  age,  enjoying  in  his  boyhood,  a  limited  attend- 
ance at  the  district  schools.  He  married,  in  Bradford 
county.  Penn.,  on  the  20th  of  February,  1825.  Miss 
Sarah,  daughter  of  William  and  Margaret  Wilson,  of 
Br.idford  county.  In  1830  he  came  to  Illinois,  in  com- 
pany with  his  parents,  and  selected  the  land  on 
which  he  resided  in  Trivoli  township,  and  went 
to  work  to  make  a  home.  He  first  built  a  log 
cabin,  in  which  he  lived  with  his  family  three  years. 
This  was   superseded  by  a  hewed   log  house,  which 


848 


HISTORY   OF  PEORIA   COUNTY. 


servoi  ihcm  as  a  home  for  fifteen  years,  until  his  pres- 
ent sulistanlial  and  sightly  stone  dwelling  was  leady 
for  occupancy.  Mr.  II.  Ijegan  with  eighty  acres  of 
land,  which  he  increased  to  175  acres  before  his  death. 
lie  engaged  quite  extensively  in  manufacturing  cider 
and  vinegar,  using  some  30.000  bushels  of  apples  per 
annum.  pro.lucing  400  to  500  barrels  of  vinegar  per 
year.  By  the  marriage  above  recorded,  Mr.  Harkness 
has  had  seven  sons  and  six  daughters,  nine  are  now 
living.  Mr.  Harkness  was  a  quiet,  modest  citizen,  in- 
telligent and  industrious.  He  was  noted  for  honesty 
and  integrity  of  character,  and  was  firm  and  outspoken 
in  his  views ;  was  a  strong  anti-slavery  man  from 
youth.  When  he  arrived,  all  the  tine  farms  in  that 
vicinity  were  raw  prairie  ;  no  house  for  miles  around, 
with  an  Indian  camp  but  a  few  rods  from  his  door. 
He  died  at  his  home  in  Trivoli  township,  December 
23.  1879.  '"  his  seventy-sixth  year,  and  on  Christmas 
Eve,  the  forty-ninth  anniversary  of  his  arrival  here, 
in  the  little  f.iniily  burying  ground,  his  body  was  con- 
signed 10  the  grave. 

IIARMOX  PATRICK,  farmer.  Sec.  26,  P.O. 
Brunswick,  w.is  born  in  Pc-oria  county,  September  12, 
1847,  son  of  Patrick  and  Mary  Harmon,  nee  Boyle,  who 
now  reside  in  the  city  of  Peoria.  He  married  Miss 
Katie  Galbgan,  October  10,  1S76.  She  was  bom  in 
Brimfield  township,  Peoria  county,  April.  1S60.  They 
have  two  children,  Lucy  M.  ami  John  H.  Mr.  H. 
owns  eighty  acres  of  land  worth  ^3.500.  He  has 
resided  in  Peoria  county  .ill  his  life,  with  the  exception 
of  a  trip  to  Salt  Lake,  whence  he  came  b.-ick  satisfied 
with  Peoria  county.  His  family  are  members  of  the 
Catholic  Church.     Poliiically.  Henvicralic. 

HAUT.M.VX  CHIM.STOPIIKK,  farmer. 
Sec.  35,  P.  U.  Brunswick,  was  born  in  Germany  on 
the  27th  day  of  August,  1844  ;  was  reared  on  a  farm 
and  educated  in  the  common  schools.  Married  Miss 
Abigal  Hunt,  daughter  of  Joseph  C.  Hunt,  born  in 
Trivoli  township  March  13,  1847.  Three  children 
were  born  to  them,  Charles  H..  \Vm.  Lewis  and  Oluff 
B.  Mrs.  H.  is  a  member  of  the  Presbyterian  Church. 
Owns  forty  acres  of  land  under  good  cultivation,  valued 
$l,joo.  Mr.  H.  enlisted  in  the  86th  I.  V.  L,  Company 
B.,  Col.  Fahrnenstock.  Was  in  the  battles  of  Perry- 
ville,  Chattanooga,  Kingold.  Resaca,  Buzzard'.t  Roo.st, 
and  Kenesaw  Mountain,  where  he  was  woumled  by  a 
musket  ball ;  received  a  furlough  for  forty  days,  at  the 
expiration  of  which  he  rc|>ortcd  to  the  regiment ;  was 
at  Bentonville.  N.  C;  marched  with  Sherman  to  Wash- 
ington and  participated  in  the  grand  review. 

Mkm...  ...  I  i.ri.t   rarmi-r,  V.  o.  Ilniiiiiwlrk. 

tt  'arnirr.  V.  o.  I'luit  llhlKi'. 

M  ,  '  iriiifr.  IV  o.   Ill  iiiinH  Irk. 

M.  r  iriinT.  r.  l».  FjiniiliiKtiin. 

Illk-K-   Pi-    r  .riiiir.  I*  0  Triviill. 
IIIKKH  .1    I)   furmrr,  I',  t).  TrlToll. 

1IIUU8  JOIIX  W.  farmer,  Sec.  10,  P.  O.  Tri. 


voli,  was  born  in  Peoria  county.  111.,  April  10.  1845; 
was  the  second  son  of  Thoraa.s  and  Harriet  Higgs.  who 
are  among  the  early  settlers  of  the  county.  Was  mar- 
ried. Sept.  14,  1869,  to  Josephine  D.  Borst.  She  was 
bom  '.n  Schoharie  county,  N.  Y..  .May  II,  1841.  They 
have  three  living  children:  Ira  E., -Vsenath  L.,  and 
Meta  Da  Ladd.  Their  farm  consists  of  80  acres  of 
land  under  a  good  state  of  cultivation,  valued  at  $5,000. 
Are  members  of  the  M.  E.  Church  at  Trivoli.  Politics, 
Democratic. 

lIIGtiS  THOM.VS,  farmer.  Sec.  10,  P.  O.  Tri- 
voli.. was  born  in  Northamptonshire,  England,  Oct.  13. 
iSlo;  immigrated  to  the  United  States  and  landed  in 
New  York  city  April  24,  1831  ;  thence  to  New  Jer>ey, 
where  he  was  employed  as  a  farm  hand  three  years.  He 
married  Miss  Caroline  Doty  in  July,  1834.  She  was 
born  in  the  State  of  New  Jersey  in  1810.  After  their 
marriage  moved  to  Peoria  county.  III.,  and  settled  in 
Trivoli  township,  where  he  purchased  a  quarter  section 
of  land  and  commenced  farming,  having  but  one  horse 
and  a  wagon.  In  the  Summer  of  1S39  his  wife  died, 
having  been  the  mother  of  two  children,  one  dead,  one 
son,  Joseph  D..  living.  On  July  17,  1S42.  he  married 
Mrs.  Harriet  Holcomb.  rue  Richmond.  She  was  a 
native  of  Connecticut,  born  Feb.  13,  1S16.  By  this 
union  they  had  seven  children,  four  living:  Thomas 
D.,  John  W.,  Carrie  H.  and  Charles  R.  Mr.  H.  came 
to  the  county  a  |H>or  man,  but  went  to  work  with  a 
will,  and  has  accumulated  a  good  property ;  has  420 
acres  of  land,  under  a  good  state  of  cultivation,  valued 
at  $20,000.  Mr.  H,  is  a  member  of  the  MclhodUt 
Church. 

HITCHCOCK  -V.  farmer,  P.O.  Trivoli. 
lluiist*  11.  C.  farmer.  I*,  o.  Ilrunswlck. 

HUNT  C.  C.  farmer.  Sec.  23,  P.  O.  Trivoli. 
Ilunl.S.  rarmcr.  1*.  O.  Itrunawlck. 

HUUD  RILKY,  farmer, Sec.5,  P.O.  Farmington. 
is  the  son  of  Neheiniah  and  Harriet  Hurd.  who  inimi- 
grateil  to  Peoria  county  in  1851,  and  located  in  Kim- 
woikI  township.  The  subject  of  this  sketch  was  born 
in  Portage  county.  Ohio.  Feb.  12.  1828;  was  reared  on 
his  father's  farm  and  educated  in  the  district  school  ; 
came  to  the  St.-ite  in  1847.  Married  Miss  Eliu  Ann 
Harkness.  who  was  l>orn  in  this  county  in  1841.  They 
own  thirty  acres  of  land,  valued  at  $1,000. 
.I.irli  Samuel.  fariinT.  I',  o.  Farmltiirlon. 
.J.\<<ms  M.  .M.  Mrs.  farmer,  P.O.  Pass  Ridge. 

J0HN80N  J.VMKS,  of  the  firm  of  James 
Johnsiin  I'i:  Co..  nierch.Tir.s.  and  |>riiprielor  of  the  Tri- 
voli A"m«,  a  |)apcr  devotcil  to  the  interest  of  ihe  farmers 
and  the  business  men  of  the  township  ;  is  issued  semi- 
monthly, at  the  subscription  price  of  6u  cents  per  year. 
They  also  keep  a  full  stock  of  dry  goods,  clothing, 
groceries,  drugs  and  notions  in  great  variety,  and  in 
which  Ihcy  have  a  fine  trade. 


^^'^^nea  ^  yi-i 


'ff-trey 


TRIVOLI. 


^  TRIVOLI. 


THOMAS  HIGGS 
TRIVOLI 


-:-:i,^ili;^,."rr-- 


T.  R.  PLUMER 
TRIVOLI. 


{ 


TKIVOIJ   DIRECTORY. 


849 


KKLLOG  NATHAN  (deceased).  Was  boin 
in  Ca>illeton,  Kulland  county,  Vt.,  Dec.  25,  1794,  and 
immigrated  to  Peoria  county  in  1834,  and  to  Trivoli 
township  in  1S36,  locating  on  section  3.  He  was 
among  the  early  settlers  of  the  township.  He  married 
Miss  Anna  Hoffman,  March  3,  iS2g.  She  was  born  in 
Ontario  county,  N.  Y.,  Feb.  7,  1799.  She  is  still  liv- 
ing, at  the  age  of  Si  years.  Mr.  Kellog  died  Dec.  29, 
:S76. 

Kinisev  WiUiam.  farmer.  P.  O.  Trivoli. 
Kins  flames,  fanner,  P.  O.  Brunswick. 
Kitcli  Robt.  farmer,  P.  O.  Krunswick. 

LAKKIN  HAZAKD,  farmer  (relived),  Sec. 
10,  P.  O.  Trivoli.  Was  born  in  Schoharie  county,  N.Y., 
April  S,  iSoo ;  was  the  fifth  son  of  John  and  Mary 
Larkin.  Married  Miss  Nancy  Uorst,  in  1S2S.  She 
was  born  in  the  same  county,  Oct.  4,  1809.  By  this 
union  there  were  seven  children,  four  of  which  are  still 
living,  viz  :  Almira,  Joseph  B.,  Asenath  and  John. 
Mr.  L.  came  to  Peoria  county  and  settled  in  Trivoli 
township  in  1S39,  in  limited  circumstances,  but  by 
perseverance,  industry  and  economy,  gathered  a  fine 
property.  At  one  time  he  owned  790  acres  of  as  fine 
land  as  there  is  the  county,  most  of  which  he  has  di- 
vided among  his  children. 

Lane  Alva,  farmer,  P.  O.  Parminj^toii. 
Lane  tJert.  J.  farmer.  P.  o.  Karraingtou. 
LaneT.  farmer.  P.  O.  FarminRton. 
Larkltis  Jobn,  farmer,  P.  U.  Trivoli. 

L,INCK  JACOB,  harness  and  collar  maker, 
residence  Trivoli.  Was  born  at  Walheim,  Grand 
Duchy  Darmstadt,  Germany,  June  24,  1S30  ;  was  the 
eldest  son  of  Jacob  and  Anna  Maria  Linck,  both  de- 
ceased ;  commenced  at  his  trade  when  fifteen  years 
old  and  continued  at  the  same  until  Sept.  12,  1856  ; 
and  immediately  after  immigrated  to  the  United  States 
and  came  to  Peoria,  where  he  remained  about  two 
years;  began  business  in  Trivoli,  Feb.  15,  1S5S,  where 
he  still  prosecutes  the  same  with  fair  success  and  gen- 
eral satisfaction  to  his  patrons.  Married,  Oct.  7, 1S62, 
Miss  Agnes  Haas,  who  was  born  in  Oberbergen,  in 
Baden,  Germany,  Jan.  21,  1844.  She  came  to  the  U. 
S.  May  I,  1859.  By  this  union  there  are  three  chil- 
dren—  Emma  Catherina,  born  July  13,  1S63;  Henry 
Charles, born  Sept.  22, 1364;  Otto  Bismarck,  born  March 
9,  1875.  Mr.  I.,  was  appointed  postmaster  during 
Grant's  administration.  May  I,  1S6S,  which  position  he 
now  occupies.  Is  a  member  of  the  A.  F.  and  A.  M. 
at  Farmington,  111. 

Llnman  Thns.  farmer.  P.  O.  Pass  Ridge. 
.Man[iing  Isaa-.  farmer.  P.  O.  Trivoli. 
MaiinInK  Mary  A.  P.  O.  Trivoli. 
Matthls  W.  I),  farmer,  P.  O.  Farmington. 
.McCallister.las.  far    er.  P.  O.   Trivoli. 
McConnell  F.  \V.  farmer,  P.  O.  Trivoli. 

aicCOK3IICK  WILLIAM,   farmer.  Sec.  20, 

P.  O.  Farmington,  Fulton  county.  111.,  was  born  in  An- 

trim   county,    Ireland,   June,    1832,    and  came   to   the 

U.  S.  when  he  was  a  young  man.     Married  Miss  Mary 


Ann    Rogers.     She   was   born   in   Ireland,  Oct.,   1841. 

Has  ten  children  born  in  America — William  J.,  John, 

Mary  A.,  Jane  A.,   George   S.,   Martha    M.,  Henry  D., 

Charley  M.,  Rachael    L..   Effie   May.     Mr.   McC.   is  a 

member  of  the    M.   E.  Church,   and   Mrs.  McC.  of  the 

Presbyterian  Church  at  Farmington.     Has  140 acres  of 

land  under  good  cultivation,  valued  at  $6,000. 

IMcMasters  Win.  farmer.  P.  O.  Brunswick. 
MoMulier  \Vm.  farmer.  P.  O.  l-'arinington. 
Meeker  N.  farmer.  P.  O.  Brunswick. 

MEEKEK  WM.  H.  farmer,   .Sec.    16,    P.    O. 

Farmington. 

Merehant  R.  T.  farmer,  P.  O.  Trivoli, 
Morley  .loliii  T.  farmer,  P.  O.  Brunswick. 
Moss.loiin.  farmer.  P.  O.  Trivoli. 
Newell  Samuel,  farmer,  P.  ().  Farmington. 
Noteslinc  (i.  W.  farmer,  P.  O.  Pass  Riuge. 
Notosllne  M.  fanner.  P.  O.  Pa.ss  Rlilgc. 
Opie  A.  It.  farmer,  P.  o.  Pass  Ridge. 

ORTON  DENNIS,  farmer.  Sec.  9,  P.  O.  Farm- 
ington, was  born  in  Oneida  county,  New  York,  in  1S20. 
Is  the  son  of  Azariah  and  Harriet  (Hungerford)  Orton, 
who  came  to  Peoria  county  in  1836.  He  married  Miss 
Mary  Simpson  in  1844.  She  was  born  in  Philadelphia, 
Pa.,  in  1820.  They  had  six  children  born  to  them  — 
Harriet,  now  Mrs.  Wm.  Longfellow,  Matthew  .S., 
Mary  E.,  now  Mrs.  Seth  Farmer,  Elizabeth  N.,  now 
Mrs.  Zadock  Stevens,  and  Wilber  B. ;  one  deceased, 
Margery  Ellen.  Mr.  O.  came  to  the  county  with  his 
parents  when  the  county  was  a  vast  wilderness.  Was 
reared  on  a  farm,  and  has  continued  the  same  occupa- 
tion through  life.  About  thirty  years  ago  he  met  with 
a  serious  accident,  while  digging  a  well,  which  par- 
tially disabled  him  for  life.  He  owns  160  acres  of  land, 
150  of  which  is  under  good  improvements. 

OKTON  SYLVESTEK,  farmer,  Sec.  8,  P.  O. 

Farmington,  Fulton  county,  was  born  in  Oneida  county, 

N.   Y.,   in    1S24.     Is  the  son   of  Azariah  and  Harriet 

Orton   «eY    Hungerford,    who   immigiated    to    Peoria 

county   in    1836,    where   they  settled  with  a  family  of 

three  boys  and   three   girls,   who  all  grew  to  manhood 

and  womanhood  and  married  in  the  county,  and  started 

out  to  obtain  a  home  for  themselves.     Sylvester  married 

Esther  Martin,  by  whom  he  had  eleven  children,  eight 

of  which  are  still  living — Mary,  Josephine,  Julia  H., 

James  A.,  Frederick,  Carley    Eslella,  Nella,  Henry  H. 

Mr.   Orton  owns  a   good  farm,   under  a  good  state  of 

cultivation,  and  very  valuable.     They  are   members   of 

the  Congreg.itional  Church   at   Farmington.       Politics 

Republican. 

Percy  ,}  C.  farmer,  P.  O.  Brunswick. 

Pierson  Peter,  farmer,  P.  O.  Trivoli. 

Phimer  T.  R.  iJiivsiclan  and  surgeon.  P.  O.  Trivoli. 

oniiin  Kdward,  farmer.  P.  *>.  Brunswick. 

Itlce  O.  P.  farmer.  P.  O.  Pass  Ridge. 

Rlie  Z.  farmer.  P.  ().   Urnnswlck. 

Richards. I.  farmer.  P.  ().  Farmington. 

Riddle  R.  A.  farmer.  P.  O.  Brunswick. 

ROBINSON  GEORGE,  farmer  and  stock 
raiser.  Sec.  12,  P.  O.  Trivoli,  was  born  in  Trivoli  town- 
ship, on  the  17th  day  of  Dec.  1839;  was  the  son  of 
George  and  Maria  Robinson,  nee  Gaylord,  father  a  na- 


850 


HISTORY   OF  PEORIA  CODNTY. 


live  of  New  V'ork,  mother  of  Connec'icat,  who  came  lo 
Peoria  county  in  1R36,  and  settled  on  Sec.  2  and  3,  and 
raised  a  family  of  twelve  cliildren,  all  of  which  lived 
to  lie  men  and  women.  In  .\ugust,  l86t,  Mr.  R.  en. 
listed  in  the  47th  Re.;,  of  111.  Infly..  Co.  "  .\."  mustered 
i>n  at  I'coria,  under  Col.  Bryner.  The  lint  engagement 
was  at  the  siege  of  Corinth.  Then  came  luka  siege 
and  capture  of  Vickshurg.  Thence  up  the  Red  River 
expedition  ;  was  mustered  out  at  Springfield,  III.  Oct., 
1864  ;  wa.s  in  the  service  three  years  and  three  month.s. 
Married  Miss  Lizzie  Y.  Van  Patten,  daughter  of  Ur. 
.M.  B.  Van  Patten  (an  influential  citizen  who  was 
chairman  of  the  board  of  supervisors  at  the  time  of  his 
death,  being  killed  by  a  railroad  accident  in  Farming- 
ton,  in  1874).  She  was  born  in  Trivoli  township,  Feb. 
q.  1S4S.  They  have  three  children  by  this  union,  two 
gills  and  one  boy  :  Ruby  M.,  Fannie  I.,  and  Ernest  G. 
Their  farm  contains  334  acres  of  land,  valued  at  $15,- 
000. 

K<.lMuls  Kliiior,  t.irmi>r.  I".  O.  Trivoll. 
I{oOKt-rH  .'^.iinm-l,  rarnier.  Y.  *>.  KamilnKton. 
ItotlKvrA  \V.  It.  fanner.  P.  O.  KariiiliiKtuii. 

SELTZKR  WILLIABI,  farmer  and  stock 
raiser.  Sec.  14,  P.  O.  Trivoli,  was  born  in  Germany. 
June  6,  1833,  and  when  nine  years  of  age,  immigrated 
to  America  with  his  parents,  and  located  on  Sec.  23, 
where  he  was  brought  up  and  still  resides.  When  he 
first  came  here,  he  worked  out  for  a  man  by  the  name 
of  Easton,  for  $$  per  month.  lie  married  Miss 
Catherine  Linck,  who  wxs  born  in  Germany.  She 
ilied,  leaving  four  children  ;  John  U.,  Henry  W.,  Mary 
K.,  Katie;  Mary  E.  died  in  1867.  Mr.  S.  afterwards 
married  Lizzie  GrifHn.  She  was  born  in  Fulton  county, 
III.,  by  whom  he  has  five  children:  Bert,  Nellie  A., 
t^onard  M.,  Frank  A  ,  and  Marion.  Mr.  S.  has  held 
several  local  offices  in  the  township  ;  has  100  acres  of 
land  under  a  high  state  of  cultivation,  well  improved, 
and  valued  at  $6,000. 
Snydt-r  J.  I',  (arnier,  P.  O.  Pau  Ridge. 

8TAIK  LEVI,  farmer,  .Sec.  19,  P.  O.  Farming, 
ton. 

STICVKNS  J.  F.  farmer  and  supervisor.  Sec.  4, 
P.  O.  Farmington,  was  born  in  Danbury,  Fairchild 
county,  Conn.,  1814;  came  to  Peoria  county,  1844,  and 
located  on  Sec.  4  ;  was  married  1S4J,  to  Sallie  Rice. 
She  was  bom  in  Crawford  county.  Ind.,  Feb.  1S34. 
They  have  six  chiMren  ;  Zadoc  P.,  Onslow  S.,  Thebe 
A.,  Ella,  Emma,  and  Eva.  He  owns  240  acres  of  land 
in  Trivoli  and  PMmwood  townships,  worth  $12,000. 
Mr.  Stevens'  father  was  l>orn  1777,  and  dicil  1838  ; 
mother  born  1776,  and  died  |8()5,  aged  nearly  ninety 
years.  Mr.  S.  has  also  been  officially  identified  with 
the  township,  having  held  nearly  all  the  offices  of  the 
township,  been  supervisor  for  several  years,  and  is  a 
member  of  the  present  board  (1879).    ^'c  ■>  ple*Mnt> 


ly  located,  and  has  a  desirable  home  lo  spend  his  de- 
clining years  in.  He  is  a  man  well  liked  amone  the 
citizens  of  the  township.  Politically,  he  is  and  has 
always  been  a  Democrat. 

SIrwart  <)    W   firmiT   p  o   nmnnwlrk. 

Slick  (i  1 -   ■■  '•  '    -      •  -on. 

Slllie  M  II. 

Klolii*  A     . 

Sloukr)    I  •  ■  "  Ick. 

THO.HPS»N  A.  farmer.  Sec.  2,  P.  O.  Trivoli. 
Was  born  in  the  State  of  New  Jersey,  in  1S17  ;  is  the 
son  and  youngest  child  of  Moses  and  Hannah  Thomp- 
son. Came  to  the  Slate  in  1847  and  settled  in  Peoria 
county.  He  married  Catherine  Doty,  in  1861.  She 
was  born  in  New  Jersey  in  1S35.  and  i»  the  mother  of 
one  child  —  Charles,  born  in  1865.  Mr.  T.  owns  66 
acres  of  land  under  a  fair  state  of  cultivation. 

Tnltlc  Frank,  farmer.  P.  O.  Trl»oll. 
Tyler. I.  W.  fanner,  p.  o.  KjiniitDintin. 
VHiiPsUen  .Iiitin.  finiur.  P.  0  Trlvi.ll. 
Wiu<.on  Tim*,  farmer.  P.  O.  Karmlnirlou. 
Weeks  iifn.  r,-irnier.  p.  o.  FarlulnRtuii. 
Weils  \.  farmer,  P.  O.  Fanuliiirton. 

WrflTE  DANIEL,  farmer  and  fine  slock 
breeder.  Sec.  12,  P.  O.  Trivoli ;  is  the  son  of  James 
and  Keturah  White.  «/•<•  llurff,  natives  of  New  Jersey. 
Immigrated  to  Illinois  in  1S39  and  located  in  Salem 
township,  Knox  county.  His  father  died  in  iS6ofrom 
an  injury  received  in  Elmwood  ;  mother  still  living  ; 
was  among  the  earliest  settlers,  and  first  to  leave  the 
timber  ami  settle  on  the  prairies.  Daniel  was  born  in 
Delaware,  and  when  one  year  old  came  with  his  parents 
to  Knox  county,  where  he  was  educated  and  bred  a 
farmer.  He  married  Miss  Eliza  McConncll,  daughter 
of  Robt.  McConnell,  born  in  Trivoli  town.Oiip,  August 
27,  1839.  Have  two  children  —  Edgar  E.  and  Orrin 
G.  Own  70  acres  of  land  in  Trivoli  township,  valued 
at  $4,000.  and  160  acres  in  Montgomery  county,  Iowa, 
valued  the  same.  Mr.  White  makes  a  specialty  of  fine 
stock,  of  which  his  stables  contain  Clays  and  Alxlallahs. 
His  horses  are  of  the  best  blood,  and  have  taken  a 
number  of  prizes  at  public  exhibitions. 
Wlekwlre  J.  farmer.  P.  O.  Parmlnittan. 

"WILLIAMS  JOSEPH,  farmer,  P.O.  Farm- 
ington,  Fulton  county.  111.  Was  born  in  the  District 
of  Columbia.  August  15.  lS2l  ;  at  the  age  of  seventeen 
he  went  to  New  Orleans,  and  remained  two  years,  re- 
turning to  Washington,  thence  to  PhiKidelphia.  wheie 
he  followed  teaming.  Married  Miss  Eliza  Cielman. 
October  39,  1846.  She  was  born  in  Bucks  county.  Pa., 
Jan.  3,  1S22.  There  was  bom  to  them  seven  children, 
six  of  which  are  living  —  Mary  M.,  Samuel  J.,  Chas. 
II.,  Alrick  W..  Emma  F".  and  Anna.  Came  to  Peoria 
in  1S52.  Mr.W.  enlisted  in  the  nth  III.  Cavalry.  Co. B, 
under  Col.  Robert  G.  Ingersoll ;  was  at  the  battle  of 
Lexington,  Ky.,  when  Col.  Ingersoll  was  taken  pris- 
oner ;  was  mustered  out  at  Memphis.  Tenn..  in  1865  ; 
came  back,  and  since  that  lime  has  followc<l  farming. 
Republican  in  |>olilic3. 


TRIVOLI   DIRECTORY. 


851 


I 


WILSON  EL.I  P.  farmer,  res.  Sec.  7.  P.O. 
Farmington,  was  the  eldest  son  of  Eli  and  Julia  (Can- 
dee)  Wilson,  natives  of  Harwinton,  Litchfield  county, 
Conn.  His  father  was  reared  on  a  farm  and  received  a 
liberal  education,  which  well  qualified  him  to  teach, 
which  occupation  he  pursued  in  the  State  of  New  York 
for  a  number  of  years.  In  May,  1S13,  he  married  Miss 
Candee,  daughter  of  David  Candee*  (who  lived  to  be 
over  ninety  years  of  age),  and  by  which  union  there  were 
four  sons  and  four  daughters,  all  of  whom  lived  to  adult 
age,  and  seven  of  whom  are  still  in  active  life.  In  1S18 
they  immigrated  to  Camden,  Oneida  county,  N.  Y., 
where  he  became  an  active  member  of  the  Congrega- 
tional Church,  teaching  vocal  music  and  leading  the 
choir  for  many  years.  He  was  somewhat  of  a  politician 
of  the  Dewitt  Clinton  and  Gerrett  Smith  style,  though 
he  never  sought  office.  In  the  Spring  of  iS;4  he  im- 
migrated with  his  family  to  Peoria  county,  and  located 
in  Trivoli  township  on  Sec.  8,  where  he  remained  in 
comfortable  circumstances  until  his  death,  Which  oc- 
curred Sept.  7,  1S75,  at  the  age  of  eighty-four.  His 
widow  is  still  living  at  the  age  of  ninety-one,  retaining 
all  her  mental  faculties  to  a  remarkable  degree.  The 
family  came  by  the  lakes  and  rivers  to  Peoria,  arriving 
June  3,  1S34.  Through  the  kindness  and  hospitality  of 
the  Hon.  Charles  Ballance  a  room  n-as  obtained 
for  the  stay  and  ludgement  of  the  family  of  ten  for  the 
night,  free  of  charge.  The  next  morning  started  out 
for  their  future  home  on  the  west  line  of  the  county, 
and  were  all  day  making  the  trip,  twenty-four  miles. 
The  land  not  yet  being  in  market,  he  purchased  a  claim 
of  Joel  Brown,  ten  acres  broke  and  a  small  log  cabin  on 
it,  partially  finished.  Thus  he  became  located,  and 
soon  made  his  family  a  new  and  comfortable  home.  He 
was  liberal  minded  and  reformatory  in  his  views,  both 
in  church  and  state ;  was  a  friend  to  the  poor  and 
friendless  of  every  class  and  condition.  From  his  boy- 
hood he  was  opposed  to  slavery,  and  his  place  was 
known  as  a   leading  depot  on  the  underground  railroad 


between  Cairo  and  Galena.  E.  P.  Wilson  was  born  in 
Harwinton,  Litchfield  county.  Conn.,  .^pril  2S,  1814  ; 
resided  with  the  family  up  to  the  time  of  their  new  lo- 
cation ;  after  which  he  left  home  and  attended  a  high 
school  two  years  in  Canton,  Fulton  county.  111.  On 
July  12,  1838,  he  married  Miss  Mary  M.  Grant,  of 
WaterviUe,  Oneida  county,  N.  Y.,born  Feb.  23,  1S12, 
and  was  a  daughter  of  De.icon  William  and  Rachel 
Grant,  of  Paris,  Oneida  county,  N.  Y.,  and  cousin  to 
Gen.  U.  S.  Grant.  They  came  to  Illinois  overland  in 
a  two-horse  wagon,  arriving  in  Trivoli  township  on  the 
13th  of  June,  1837,  being  six  weeks  on  the  journey.  In 
1841  they  settled  on  the  southwest  quarter  of  Sec.  7; 
improved  175  acres  of  land,  where  they  still  reside. 
There  were  born  to  them  five  children,  two  sons  and 
three  daughters:  William  Eli,  born  Aug.  20,  1839,  who 
was  married  to  Annie  Slater,  Aug.  31,  1S70,  and  now 
resides  at  Prairie  City,  la. ;  Mary  E.,  born  June  12, 
1842,  now  Mrs.  J.  G.  Gilbert,  of  same  place;  Judith  I., 
born  Jan.  12,  1844,  and  now  Mrs.  W.  H.  Curley,  of 
same  place  ;  Emma  M.,  born  Feb.  2,  1845,  now  Mrs.  T. 
A.  Reding,  and  resides  in  St.  Louis,  Mo. ;  Eugene  P. 
died  in  infancy.  Mr.  E.  P.  Wilson  resides  one  and  a 
half  miles  southeast  from  Farmington.  Is  in  religion 
a  free  thinker,  and  in  politics  a  Republican. 

WINGEKT  HENRY,  farmer  and  stock 
raiser.  Sec.  12,  P.  O.  Trivoli,  was  born  in  .\lleghany 
county,  N.  Y.,  on  the  nth  day  of  March,  181S  ;  reared 
on  a  farm  and  enjoyed  the  advantages  of  the  common 
schools.  In  1S43  he  came  to  Peoria  county,  Trivoli 
township,  and  located  on  the  section  where  he  has  re- 
sided since.  Married  Miss  Eliza  Scott,  who  was  born 
in  Maryland,  Aug.  30,  1821.  They  have  had  nine  chil- 
dren, seven  boys  and  two  girls,  five  of  whom  are  living  : 
Charles,  Annie,  Walter,  Henry  J..  Winfield  S.  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  Wingert  are  members  of  the  M.  E.  Church 
of  Trivoli.     Have  240  acres  of  land  valued  at  $15,000. 

Wykoir  William,  merchant.  P.  O.  Trivoli. 
Yerloii  J.  farmer,  F.  O.  Brunswick. 


